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Tettevi EJ, Kuevi DNO, Sumabe BK, Simpong DL, Maina MB, Dongdem JT, Osei-Atweneboana MY, Ocloo A. In Silico Identification of a Potential TNF-Alpha Binder Using a Structural Similarity: A Potential Drug Repurposing Approach to the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 2024:9985719. [PMID: 38221912 PMCID: PMC10787656 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9985719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with no conclusive remedy. Yohimbine, found in Rauwolfia vomitoria, may reduce brain inflammation by targeting tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), implicated in AD pathogenesis. Metoserpate, a synthetic compound, may inhibit TNFα. The study is aimed at assessing the potential utility of repurposing metoserpate for TNFα inhibition to reduce neuronal damage and inflammation in AD. The development of safe and effective treatments for AD is crucial to address the growing burden of the disease, which is projected to double over the next two decades. Methods Our study repurposed an FDA-approved drug as TNFα inhibitor for AD management using structural similarity studies, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. Yohimbine was used as a reference compound. Molecular docking used SeeSAR, and molecular dynamics simulation used GROMACS. Results Metoserpate was selected from 10 compounds similar to yohimbine based on pharmacokinetic properties and FDA approval status. Molecular docking and simulation studies showed a stable interaction between metoserpate and TNFα over 100 ns (100000 ps). This suggests a reliable and robust interaction between the protein and ligand, supporting the potential utility of repurposing metoserpate for TNFα inhibition in AD treatment. Conclusion Our study has identified metoserpate, a previously FDA-approved antihypertensive agent, as a promising candidate for inhibiting TNFα in the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Jenner Tettevi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, P.O. Box LG 25, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, School of Biological Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, P.O. Box LG 25, Ghana
- Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Water Research Institute, Accra, P.O. Box M 32, Ghana
| | - Deryl Nii Okantey Kuevi
- Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Water Research Institute, Accra, P.O. Box M 32, Ghana
| | - Balagra Kasim Sumabe
- Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Water Research Institute, Accra, P.O. Box M 32, Ghana
| | - David Larbi Simpong
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Mahmoud B. Maina
- Serpell Laboratory, Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, UK
- Biomedical Science Research and Training Centre, College of Medical Sciences, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria
| | - Julius T. Dongdem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale Campus, Ghana
| | - Mike Y. Osei-Atweneboana
- Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Water Research Institute, Accra, P.O. Box M 32, Ghana
- CSIR-College of Science and Technology, 2nd CSIR Close, Airport Residential Area, Behind Golden Tulip Hotel, Greater Accra Region, Ghana
| | - Augustine Ocloo
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, P.O. Box LG 25, Ghana
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Li C, Yang W, Meng Y, Feng L, Sun L, Li Z, Liu X, Li M. Exploring the therapeutic mechanism of Banxia Xiexin Decoction in mild cognitive impairment and diabetes mellitus: a network pharmacology approach. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2315-2325. [PMID: 37556042 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing year by year. Clinical findings show that Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BXD) can be combined to treat MCI and DM. However, the principle and mechanism of BXD in treating MCI and DM remain unclear. In this study, to explore the common mechanism of BXD in treating MCI and DM by using the method of network pharmacology. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP) was used to screen the main active components of BXD, as well as to predict and screen its potential targets. Using Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), DisGeNET, GeneCards to select the target proteins of two diseases, and intersecting the drug target and the disease target to obtain the common target of drug diseases, which is imported into cytoscape software to draw the network diagram of "drug components-target diseases" and the interaction network diagram between the common target proteins. According to the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database, we analyzed the common targets using two methods, gene ontology Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biological pathway enrichment analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis, as well as studied the interaction mechanism of the two diseases, with the results validated using molecular docking. A total of 267 main active components of BXD were screened, together with the two diseases shared 233 common targets. The top five key targets identified by the topological analysis were TP53, AKT1, STAT3, TNF, and MAPK3. Go enrichment results indicated that it was primarily related to response to drug, extracellular space, enzyme binding, RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding. t KEGG enrichment pathway analysis identified 20 significant pathways, the majority of which are AGE-RAGE signaling pathways in diabetic complications, lipid and atherosclerosis, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and so on. The results of molecular docking revealed that the key components of BXD, baicalein, licochalcone a, quercetin, and naringenin, had strong binding ability with core targets TP53, AKT1, STAT3, TNF, MAPK3. BXD can treat MCI and DM by multi-targets and multi-channels,and plays a role of "homotherapy for heteropathy" mainly through response to drug, positive regulation of gene expression, extracellular space and enzyme binding and other ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital of the Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yubo Meng
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital of the Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Feng
- Neurology Department, Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of the Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital of the Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenghong Li
- Research Department, Swiss University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Bad Zurzach, Switzerland
| | - Xingfang Liu
- Research Department, Swiss University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Bad Zurzach, Switzerland
| | - Mingquan Li
- Neurology Department, Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of the Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
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Guan PP, Ge TQ, Wang P. As a Potential Therapeutic Target, C1q Induces Synapse Loss Via Inflammasome-activating Apoptotic and Mitochondria Impairment Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:267-284. [PMID: 37386257 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
C1q, the initiator of the classical pathway of the complement system, is activated during Alzheimer's disease (AD) development and progression and is especially associated with the production and deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau in β-amyloid plaques (APs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Activation of C1q is responsible for induction of synapse loss, leading to neurodegeneration in AD. Mechanistically, C1q could activate glial cells, which results in the loss of synapses via regulation of synapse pruning and phagocytosis in AD. In addition, C1q induces neuroinflammation by inducing proinflammatory cytokine secretion, which is partially mediated by inflammasome activation. Activation of inflammasomes might mediate the effects of C1q on induction of synapse apoptosis. On the other hand, activation of C1q impairs mitochondria, which hinders the renovation and regeneration of synapses. All these actions of C1q contribute to the loss of synapses during neurodegeneration in AD. Therefore, pharmacological, or genetic interventions targeting C1q may provide potential therapeutic strategies for combating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 110819, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Qi Ge
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 110819, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 110819, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang J, Li Y, Li H, Liu A, Cao J, Li X, Xia N, Zhang Z, Bai J, Zhang H. Aspirin ameliorates the neurotoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene in mice and HT22 cells: Possible role of miRNA-mRNA network. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113919. [PMID: 37364758 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is neurotoxic, however, the mechanism and potential prevention are yet not clear. This study explored the miRNA-mRNA network in the B[a]P-induced neurotoxicity in mice and HT22 cells and the intervention of aspirin (ASP). HT22 cells were treated for 48 h with DMSO, B[a]P (20 μM), or both B[a]P (20 μM) and ASP (4 μM). Following B[a]P treatment, compared to the DMSO controls, HT22 cells showed injured cell morphology, reduced cell viability and neurotrophic factor concentrations, and increased LDH leakage, Aβ1-42, and inflammatory factor concentrations, which were improved by ASP. RNA sequencing and qPCR verified the significant differences of miRNA and mRNA profiles following B[a]P treatment, which were rescued by ASP. Bioinformatics analysis suggested the miRNA-mRNA network could be involved in the neurotoxicity of B[a]P and the intervention of ASP. The neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation were induced in mice's brains by B[a]P, and the target miRNA and mRNA were proved to be consistent with in vitro, which were ameliorated by ASP. The findings demonstrate a possible role of miRNA-mRNA network in the B[a]P-induced neurotoxicity. If this is confirmed by additional experiments, it will provide a promising pathway of intervention against B[a]P, using ASP or other agents with fewer toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Aixiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xin Li
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan Iron and Steel Company, Taiyuan, 030003, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Xia
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jianying Bai
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China; Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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Vicente MC, Paneghini JL, Stabile AM, Amorim M, Anibal Silva CE, Patrone LGA, Cunha TM, Bícego KC, Almeida MC, Carrettiero DC, Gargaglioni LH. Inhibition of Pro-Inflammatory Microglia with Minocycline Improves Cognitive and Sleep-Wake Dysfunction Under Respiratory Stress in a Sporadic Model for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:317-337. [PMID: 37522205 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) can occur due to excessive activation of microglia in response to the accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). Previously, we demonstrated an increased expression of this peptide in the locus coeruleus (LC) in a sporadic model for AD (streptozotocin, STZ; 2 mg/kg, ICV). We hypothesized that the STZ-AD model exhibits neuroinflammation, and treatment with an inhibitor of microglia (minocycline) can reverse the cognitive, respiratory, sleep, and molecular disorders of this model. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of minocycline treatment in STZ model disorders. METHODS We treated control and STZ-treated rats for five days with minocycline (30 mg/kg, IP) and evaluated cognitive performance, chemoreflex response to hypercapnia and hypoxia, and total sleep time. Additionally, quantification of Aβ, microglia analyses, and relative expression of cytokines in the LC were performed. RESULTS Minocycline treatment improved learning and memory, which was concomitant with a decrease in microglial cell density and re-establishment of morphological changes induced by STZ in the LC region. Minocycline did not reverse the STZ-induced increase in CO2 sensitivity during wakefulness. However, it restored the daytime sleep-wake cycle in STZ-treated animals to the same levels as those observed in control animals. In the LC, levels of A and expression of Il10, Il1b, and Mcp1 mRNA remained unaffected by minocycline, but we found a strong trend of minocycline effect on Tnf- α. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that minocycline effectively reduces microglial recruitment and the inflammatory morphological profile in the LC, while it recovers cognitive performance and restores the sleep-wake pattern impaired by STZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane C Vicente
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
- Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Research and Care, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julia L Paneghini
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Angelita M Stabile
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mateus Amorim
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Conceição E Anibal Silva
- Department of Pharmachology, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo A Patrone
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmachology, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Kênia C Bícego
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria C Almeida
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Daniel C Carrettiero
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Luciane H Gargaglioni
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Borgstedt L, Bratke S, Blobner M, Pötzl C, Ulm B, Jungwirth B, Schmid S. Isoflurane has no effect on cognitive or behavioral performance in a mouse model of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1033729. [DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1033729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPatients with Alzheimer’s disease show a sex-dependent decline of cognitive and behavioral performance. It is controversially discussed whether general anesthesia itself can aggravate or even cause this neurocognitive decline. Therefore, we investigated the effect of general anesthesia on neurocognitive and behavioral function and amyloidopathy in a mouse model of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease with respect to sex.MethodsAfter governmental approval 10 months old Tg2576 mice and wild type (total 85 mice) either underwent general anesthesia with 1.0 minimal alveolar concentration of isoflurane for 2 h or were not exposed to isoflurane (controls). Following cognitive and behavioral testing using the modified hole board test (mHBT), brains were investigated regarding amyloidopathy, inflammation, and apoptosis. Data were analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) and univariate analysis of variance (UNIANOVA).ResultsTg2576 mice showed a decline in memory function (p < 0.001), less anxiety (p = 0.022 and p = 0.024), increased locomotor activity (p = 0.025), and impaired fine motor skills (p < 0.001). Amyloid precursor protein (p < 0.001), soluble amyloid-beta (p < 0.001) and insoluble amyloid deposits (p < 0.001) were increased in Tg2576 animals. Neither sex nor exposure to isoflurane had an effect on cognitive or behavioral testing or expression of amyloid-related biomarkers.Discussion and conclusionWe found that 10 months old Tg2576 showed typical signs of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease and corresponding histopathological alterations. Relevant sex-specific differences or an effect of isoflurane anesthesia could not be detected at this early stage of the disease.
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Winstone JK, Pathak KV, Winslow W, Piras IS, White J, Sharma R, Huentelman MJ, Pirrotte P, Velazquez R. Glyphosate infiltrates the brain and increases pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα: implications for neurodegenerative disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:193. [PMID: 35897073 PMCID: PMC9331154 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbicides are environmental contaminants that have gained much attention due to the potential hazards they pose to human health. Glyphosate, the active ingredient in many commercial herbicides, is the most heavily applied herbicide worldwide. The recent rise in glyphosate application to corn and soy crops correlates positively with increased death rates due to Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Glyphosate has been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier in in vitro models, but has yet to be verified in vivo. Additionally, reports have shown that glyphosate exposure increases pro-inflammatory cytokines in blood plasma, particularly TNFα. METHODS Here, we examined whether glyphosate infiltrates the brain and elevates TNFα levels in 4-month-old C57BL/6J mice. Mice received either 125, 250, or 500 mg/kg/day of glyphosate, or a vehicle via oral gavage for 14 days. Urine, plasma, and brain samples were collected on the final day of dosing for analysis via UPLC-MS and ELISAs. Primary cortical neurons were derived from amyloidogenic APP/PS1 pups to evaluate in vitro changes in Aβ40-42 burden and cytotoxicity. RNA sequencing was performed on C57BL/6J brain samples to determine changes in the transcriptome. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that glyphosate infiltrated the brain in a dose-dependent manner and upregulated TNFα in both plasma and brain tissue post-exposure. Notably, glyphosate measures correlated positively with TNFα levels. Glyphosate exposure in APP/PS1 primary cortical neurons increases levels of soluble Aβ40-42 and cytotoxicity. RNAseq revealed over 200 differentially expressed genes in a dose-dependent manner and cell-type-specific deconvolution analysis showed enrichment of key biological processes in oligodendrocytes including myelination, axon ensheathment, glial cell development, and oligodendrocyte development. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results show for the first time that glyphosate infiltrates the brain, elevates both the expression of TNFα and soluble Aβ, and disrupts the transcriptome in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that exposure to this herbicide may have detrimental outcomes regarding the health of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Winstone
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 797 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Khyatiben V Pathak
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resources (IMS-SR), City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Wendy Winslow
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 797 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Ignazio S Piras
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer White
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 797 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Ritin Sharma
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resources (IMS-SR), City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resources (IMS-SR), City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ramon Velazquez
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 797 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Rauf A, Badoni H, Abu-Izneid T, Olatunde A, Rahman MM, Painuli S, Semwal P, Wilairatana P, Mubarak MS. Neuroinflammatory Markers: Key Indicators in the Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103194. [PMID: 35630670 PMCID: PMC9146652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, a protective response of the central nervous system (CNS), is associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The CNS is composed of neurons and glial cells consisting of microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Entry of any foreign pathogen activates the glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) and overactivation of these cells triggers the release of various neuroinflammatory markers (NMs), such as the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-1β (IL-10), nitric oxide (NO), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), among others. Various studies have shown the role of neuroinflammatory markers in the occurrence, diagnosis, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. These markers also trigger the formation of various other factors responsible for causing several neuronal diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), ischemia, and several others. This comprehensive review aims to reveal the mechanism of neuroinflammatory markers (NMs), which could cause different neurodegenerative disorders. Important NMs may represent pathophysiologic processes leading to the generation of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, various molecular alterations related to neurodegenerative diseases are discussed. Identifying these NMs may assist in the early diagnosis and detection of therapeutic targets for treating various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (P.W.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Himani Badoni
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Premnagar, Dehradun 248006, India;
| | - Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University for Science and Technology, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Ahmed Olatunde
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 740272, Nigeria;
| | - Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology (UCB), Premnagar, Dehradun 248007, India;
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era (Deemed To Be University), Dehradun 248002, India;
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (P.W.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Mohammad S. Mubarak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (P.W.); (M.S.M.)
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Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Jalouli M, Rahman MA, Jeandet P, Behl T, Alexiou A, Albadrani GM, Abdel-Daim MM, Perveen A, Ashraf GM. Neuroinflammatory Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:126-146. [PMID: 34525932 PMCID: PMC9199559 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210826130210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and extracellular amyloid plaques. Growing evidence has suggested that AD pathogenesis is not only limited to the neuronal compartment but also strongly interacts with immunological processes in the brain. On the other hand, aggregated and misfolded proteins can bind with pattern recognition receptors located on astroglia and microglia and can, in turn, induce an innate immune response, characterized by the release of inflammatory mediators, ultimately playing a role in both the severity and the progression of the disease. It has been reported by genome-wide analysis that several genes which elevate the risk for sporadic AD encode for factors controlling the inflammatory response and glial clearance of misfolded proteins. Obesity and systemic inflammation are examples of external factors which may interfere with the immunological mechanisms of the brain and can induce disease progression. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms and essential role of inflammatory signaling pathways in AD pathogenesis. Indeed, interfering with immune processes and modulation of risk factors may lead to future therapeutic or preventive AD approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka. Bangladesh
| | | | - Maroua Jalouli
- College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451. Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul. Korea
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit "Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection", EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2. France
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 2770 Hebersham. Australia
| | - Ghadeer M Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474. Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522. Egypt
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur. India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. Saudi Arabia
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10
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Chiu YJ, Lin CH, Lee MC, Hsieh-Li HM, Chen CM, Wu YR, Chang KH, Lee-Chen GJ. Formulated Chinese medicine Shaoyao Gancao Tang reduces NLRP1 and NLRP3 in Alzheimer's disease cell and mouse models for neuroprotection and cognitive improvement. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:15620-15637. [PMID: 34106880 PMCID: PMC8221334 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) plays a major role in the neurodegeneration of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The accumulation of misfolded Aβ causes oxidative stress and inflammatory damage leading to apoptotic cell death. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been widely used in treating neurodegenerative diseases by reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. We examined the neuroprotective effect of formulated CHM Shaoyao Gancao Tang (SG-Tang, made of Paeonia lactiflora and Glycyrrhiza uralensis at 1:1 ratio) in AD cell and mouse models. In Aβ-GFP SH-SY5Y cells, SG-Tang reduced Aβ aggregation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as improved neurite outgrowth. When the Aβ-GFP-expressing cells were stimulated with conditioned medium from interferon (IFN)-γ-activated HMC3 microglia, SG-Tang suppressed expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NLR family pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1) and 3 (NLRP3), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, attenuated caspase-1 activity and ROS production, and promoted neurite outgrowth. In streptozocin-induced hyperglycemic APP/PS1/Tau triple transgenic (3×Tg-AD) mice, SG-Tang also reduced expressions of NLRP1, NLRP3, Aβ and Tau in hippocampus and cortex, as well as improved working and spatial memories in Y maze and Morris water maze. Collectively, our results demonstrate the potential of SG-Tang in treating AD by moderating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jen Chiu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Lee
- Sun Ten Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh-Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
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11
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Maccioni RB, Navarrete LP, González A, González-Canacer A, Guzmán-Martínez L, Cortés N. Inflammation: A Major Target for Compounds to Control Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:1199-1213. [PMID: 32597798 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several hypotheses have been postulated to explain how Alzheimer's disease is triggered, but none of them provide a unified view of its pathogenesis. The dominant hypothesis based on build-ups of the amyloid-β peptide has been around for longer than three decades; however, up to today, numerous clinical trials based on the amyloid postulates have been attempted, but all of them have failed. Clearly, the revisited tau hypothesis provides a better explanation of the clinical observations of patients, but it needs to integrate the cumulative observations on the onset of this disease. In this context, the neuroimmuno modulation theory, based on the involvement of inflammatory events in the central nervous system, accounts for all these observations. In this review we intend to emphasize the idea that neuroinflammation is a main target for the search of new therapeutic strategies to control Alzheimer's disease. Beyond mono-targeting approaches using synthetic drugs that control only specific pathophysiological events, emerging therapeutics views based on multi targeting compounds appear to provide a new pathway for Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo B Maccioni
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo P Navarrete
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea González
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra González-Canacer
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Guzmán-Martínez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Cortés
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Jiang Y, Li K, Li X, Xu L, Yang Z. Sodium butyrate ameliorates the impairment of synaptic plasticity by inhibiting the neuroinflammation in 5XFAD mice. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 341:109452. [PMID: 33785315 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) focus on the pathology in the later stages of disease progression. Early microglia abnormality and β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition trigger disease development before identical symptoms emerge, which leads to poor clinical treatment effects in the later stages. In the early stage of disease progression, microglia in brains of 5XFAD mice have been activated by Aβ plaques to secrete more pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the meantime, these cytokines up-regulate Aβ via increasing the APP processing. Sodium butyrate (NaB), as one of the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) generated by gut microbiota, is the inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), which reduces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In our experiment, 8-week-old 5XFAD mice and their litter WT mice were treated with NaB or normal saline for 2 weeks (WT + Vehicle group, WT + NaB group, AD + Vehicle group and AD + NaB group). After treatment, behavioral tests were carried out. The novel object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests demonstrated that there was no significant difference between four groups of mice. The results of long-term potentiation (LTP) and depotentiation (DEP) illustrated that the synaptic plasticity was promoted in 5XFAD mice after treatment with NaB. Compared to the AD + Vehicle group, the dendritic spines were more abundant in other groups of mice. Furthermore, the synapse-associated proteins (PSD-95, SYP, NR2B) were reduced and the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) were increased in the AD + Vehicle group. These phenomena were reversed after treatment with NaB. Moreover, our results suggested that NaB suppressed the over-activation of microglia and the accumulation of Aβ in AD mice. Altogether, all results illustrated that HDAC inhibitor NaB could ameliorate the synaptic plasticity by reducing neuroinflammation in 5XFAD mice in the early stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lanju Xu
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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13
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Icer MA, Arslan N, Gezmen-Karadag M. Effects of vitamin E on neurodegenerative diseases: an update. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2021; 81:21-33. [PMID: 33949169 DOI: 10.21307/ane-2021-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E deficiency is associated with many neurological problems. Although the mechanisms of vitamin E action in neurodegenerative diseases are not clear, there are many possible mechanisms. Examples of such mechanisms are the protective effects of vitamin E against oxidative stress damage and its suppressive role in the expression of many genes involved in the development of neurodegeneration. Many studies have evaluated the relationship between vitamin E intake or vitamin E levels in body fluids and neurodegenerative diseases. Some studies concluded that vitamin E can play a protective role in neurodegeneration with respect to diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Vitamin E supplementation was also associated with risk factors for some neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the possible effects of vitamin E on the development and course of AD, PD, stroke and ALS, and the potential mechanisms involved. Vitamin E deficiency is associated with many neurological problems. Although the mechanisms of vitamin E action in neurodegenerative diseases are not clear, there are many possible mechanisms. Examples of such mechanisms are the protective effects of vitamin E against oxidative stress damage and its suppressive role in the expression of many genes involved in the development of neurodegeneration. Many studies have evaluated the relationship between vitamin E intake or vitamin E levels in body fluids and neurodegenerative diseases. Some studies concluded that vitamin E can play a protective role in neurodegeneration with respect to diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Vitamin E supplementation was also associated with risk factors for some neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the possible effects of vitamin E on the development and course of AD, PD, stroke and ALS, and the potential mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arif Icer
- Gazi University , Faculty of Health Sciences , Nutrition and Dietetics Department , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Neslihan Arslan
- Gazi University , Faculty of Health Sciences , Nutrition and Dietetics Department , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Makbule Gezmen-Karadag
- Gazi University , Faculty of Health Sciences , Nutrition and Dietetics Department , Ankara , Turkey
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14
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Agarwal M, Alam MR, Haider MK, Malik MZ, Kim DK. Alzheimer's Disease: An Overview of Major Hypotheses and Therapeutic Options in Nanotechnology. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 11:E59. [PMID: 33383712 PMCID: PMC7823376 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressively fatal neurodegenerative disorder, is the most prominent form of dementia found today. Patients suffering from Alzheimer's begin to show the signs and symptoms, like decline in memory and cognition, long after the cellular damage has been initiated in their brain. There are several hypothesis for the neurodegeneration process; however, the lack of availability of in vivo models makes the recapitulation of AD in humans impossible. Moreover, the drugs currently available in the market serve to alleviate the symptoms and there is no cure for the disease. There have been two major hurdles in the process of finding the same-the inefficiency in cracking the complexity of the disease pathogenesis and the inefficiency in delivery of drugs targeted for AD. This review discusses the different drugs that have been designed over the recent years and the drug delivery options in the field of nanotechnology that have been found most feasible in surpassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reaching the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201309, India;
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Alam
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | | | - Md. Zubbair Malik
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Dae-Kwang Kim
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
- Hanvit Institute for Medical Genetics, Daegu 42601, Korea
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15
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Cognitive impairment in elderly patients with rheumatic disease and the effect of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 40:1221-1231. [PMID: 32862311 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent development of biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) has led to better control of disease activity among patients with chronic rheumatological diseases. Many patients with rheumatic disease are living longer, adding to the growing elderly population. Rheumatic diseases, most notably rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), are known to increase the risk of cognitive impairment. Systemic inflammation associated with chronic rheumatological diseases has been postulated to be key driver of cognitive decline. Recent development of classic and biologic DMARDs have led to better control of disease activity among patients with rheumatic conditions. It is proposed that strict control of systemic inflammation will significantly lower the risk of cognitive impairment among patients with rheumatic disease. The impact of classic DMARDs on cognitive function appears to be variable. On the other hand, biologic DMARDs, specifically antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs (i.e., etanercept), have been shown to significantly lower the risk of dementia. Experimental studies on IL-1, IL-6, and B and T cell blockade are promising. However, clinical data is limited. Preclinical studies on targeted therapies, specifically JAK/STAT inhibitors, also show promising results. Additional studies are necessary to better understand the impact of these newer biologic agents on cognitive function in elderly patients with rheumatic disease. Key points • Patients with chronic rheumatic conditions are beginning to live longer, adding to the elderly population. • Patients with chronic rheumatologic disease are at increased risk of cognitive impairment compared to the general population. • Recent development of biologic (i.e., TNF, IL-1, IL-6) and targeted drugs (i.e., Janus kinase inhibitors) have led to better control of disease activity. • Current evidence suggests that TNF inhibitors may have beneficial effects on cognitive function. However, evidence on newer biologic and targeted therapies is limited.
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16
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Kalovyrna N, Apokotou O, Boulekou S, Paouri E, Boutou A, Georgopoulos S. A 3'UTR modification of the TNF-α mouse gene increases peripheral TNF-α and modulates the Alzheimer-like phenotype in 5XFAD mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8670. [PMID: 32457323 PMCID: PMC7250826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Anti-TNF-α therapeutic approaches currently used in autoimmune diseases have been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in AD. We have previously examined the role of TNF-α and anti-TNF-α drugs in AD, using 5XFAD mice, and we have found a significant role for peripheral TNF-α in brain inflammation. Here we investigated the role of mouse TNF-α on the AD-like phenotype of 5XFAD mice using a knock-in mouse with deletion of the 3'UTR of the endogenous TNF-α (TNFΔARE/+) that develops rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. 5XFAD/TNFΔARE/+ mice showed significantly decreased amyloid deposition. Interestingly, microglia but not astrocytes were activated in 5XFAD/ TNFΔARE/+ brains. This microglial activation was associated with increased infiltrating peripheral leukocytes and perivascular macrophages and synaptic degeneration. APP levels and APP processing enzymes involved in Aβ production remained unchanged, suggesting that the reduced amyloid burden can be attributed to the increased microglial and perivascular macrophage activation caused by TNF-α. Peripheral TNF-α levels were increased while brain TNF-α remained the same. These data provide further evidence for peripheral TNF-α as a mediator of inflammation between the periphery and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Kalovyrna
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Olympia Apokotou
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiria Boulekou
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Evi Paouri
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Athena Boutou
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Georgopoulos
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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17
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Al-Quraishy S, Dkhil MA, Abdel-Gaber R, Zrieq R, Hafez TA, Mubaraki MA, Abdel Moneim AE. Myristica fragrans seed extract reverses scopolamine-induced cortical injury via stimulation of HO-1 expression in male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:12395-12404. [PMID: 31993909 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Myristica fragrans, commonly known as nutmeg, belongs to the Myristicaceae family and is used as a spice and for its medicinal properties. The purpose of this study was to assess the neuroprotective effect of M. fragrans seed methanolic extract (MFE) on scopolamine-induced oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in male rat cortical tissue. MFE or N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a standard antioxidant drug, was administered 7 days before treatment with scopolamine resulted in high levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide (oxidative stress biomarkers), tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta (inflammatory mediators), and Bax and caspase-3 pro-apoptotic proteins. Additionally, scopolamine significantly depleted levels of glutathione (an antioxidant marker), Bcl-2 and c-FLIP (anti-apoptotic proteins), and antioxidant enzymes activity in cortical tissue. Scopolamine also enhanced acetylcholinesterase activity. MFE treatment protected the cortex of rats from the effects of scopolamine by reversing the effects on these toxicity markers. Interestingly, the neuroprotective effect of MFE was comparable to that exerted by the reference antioxidant NAC. Thus, our findings show that MFE has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. The beneficial effects of MFE on scopolamine were partially mediated by promoting heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1) expression and preserving cortical tissue structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Dkhil
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rafat Zrieq
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed A Hafez
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murad A Mubaraki
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
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18
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Han D, Dong X, Zheng D, Nao J. MiR-124 and the Underlying Therapeutic Promise of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1555. [PMID: 32009959 PMCID: PMC6978711 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are a group of chronic progressive neurological diseases based on primary neurodegeneration. The common pathological characteristics of various NDDs are neuronal degeneration, deletion, glial cell proliferation, and hypertrophy at specific locations in the nervous system. Proliferation and hypertrophy of microglia are manifestations of inflammation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators of glial cells. MiRNAs are small non-coding molecules that regulate gene expression. Altered expression of miRNAs has been associated with several NDD pathological processes, among which regulation of the inflammatory response is key and a research hotspot at present. At the same time, miRNAs are also biological markers for diagnosis and potential targets for treating NDDs. MiR-124 is highly conserved and enriched in the mammalian brain. Emerging studies have suggested that miR-124 is closely related to the pathogenesis of NDDs and may be an effective treatment strategy to reduce inflammation associated with NDDs. In this review, we describe a summary of general miRNA biology, implications in pathophysiology, the potential roles of miR-124 associated with inflammation, and the use of miRNA as a future biomarker and an application for NDD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongming Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianfei Nao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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19
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Bourgognon JM, Cavanagh J. The role of cytokines in modulating learning and memory and brain plasticity. Brain Neurosci Adv 2020; 4:2398212820979802. [PMID: 33415308 PMCID: PMC7750764 DOI: 10.1177/2398212820979802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are proteins secreted in the central nervous system by neurons, microglia, astrocytes and infiltrating peripheral immune cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Over the last 20 years, a growing number of reports have investigated the effects of these molecules on brain plasticity. In this review, we describe how the key cytokines interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and tumour necrosis factor α were found to support long-term plasticity and learning and memory processes in physiological conditions. In contrast, during inflammation where cytokines levels are elevated such as in models of brain injury or infection, depression or neurodegeneration, the effects of cytokines are mostly detrimental to memory mechanisms, associated behaviours and homeostatic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Institute of Infection, Immunity &
Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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20
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Royall DR, Bishnoi RJ, Palmer RF. Blood-based protein predictors of dementia severity as measured by δ: Replication across biofluids and cohorts. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 11:763-774. [PMID: 31909176 PMCID: PMC6939046 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dementia severity can be empirically described by the latent dementia phenotype "δ" and its various composite "homologs". We have explored δ's blood-based protein biomarkers in the Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium (TARCC) study. However, it would be convenient to replicate those associations in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). To this end, we recently engineered a δ homolog from observed cognitive performance measures common to both projects (i.e., "dT2A"). METHODS We used nine rationally chosen peripheral blood-based protein biomarkers as indicators of a latent variable "INFLAMMATION". We then associated that construct with dT2A in structural equation models adjusted for age, gender, depressive symptoms, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allelic burden. Significant factor loadings and INFLAMMATION's association with dT2A were confirmed in random splits of TARCC's relatively large sample, and across biofluids in the ADNI. RESULTS Nine proteins measured in serum (TARCC) or plasma (ADNI) explained ≅10% of dT2A's variance in both samples, independently of age, APOE, education, and gender. All loaded significantly on INFLAMMATION, and positively or negatively, depending on their known roles are PRO- or ANTI-inflammatory proteins, respectively. The parameters of interest were confirmed across random 50% splits of the TARCC's sample, and replicated across biofluids in the ADNI. DISCUSSION These results suggest that SEM can be used to replicate biomarker findings across samples and biofluids, and that a substantial fraction of dementia's variance is attributable to peripheral blood-based protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R. Royall
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Family and Community Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- The Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Disease, the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ram J. Bishnoi
- The Department of Psychiatry, The Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Raymond F. Palmer
- Family and Community Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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21
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Arya M, Manoj Kumar MK, Sabitha M, Menon KN, Nair SC. Nanotechnology approaches for enhanced CNS delivery in treating Alzheimer's disease. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Kyriklaki A, Margetaki K, Kampouri M, Koutra K, Bitsios P, Chalkiadaki G, Dermitzaki E, Venihaki M, Sarri K, Anousaki D, Kogevinas M, Chatzi L. Association between high levels of inflammatory markers and cognitive outcomes at 4 years of age: The Rhea mother-child cohort study, Crete, Greece. Cytokine 2019; 117:1-7. [PMID: 30772773 PMCID: PMC8801160 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence associating inflammatory markers in complex, higher order neurological functions, such as cognition and memory. We examined whether high levels of various inflammatory markers are associated with cognitive outcomes at 4 years of age in a mother-child cohort in Crete, Greece (Rhea study). We included 642 children in this cross-sectional study. Levels of several inflammatory markers (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17α, IL-10, MIP-1α, TNF-α and the ratios of IL-6 to IL-10 and TNF-α to IL-10) were determined in child serum via immunoassay. Neurodevelopment at 4 years was assessed by means of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to estimate the associations between the exposures and outcomes of interest after adjustment for various confounders. Our results indicate that children with high TNF-α concentrations (≥90th percentile) in serum demonstrated decreased scores in memory (adjusted β = -4.0; 95% CI: -7.7, -0.2), working memory (adjusted β = -4.0; 95% CI: -8.0, -0.1) as well as in memory span scale (adjusted β = -4.0; 95% CI: -7.9, -0.1). We also found that children with high IFN-γ serum levels showed lower scores in memory span scale (adjusted β = -3.4; 95% CI: -7.3, -0.4). Children with elevated TNF-α/IL-10 ratio demonstrated decreased quantitative (adjusted β = -4.3; 95% CI: -8.2, -0.4), motor (adjusted β = -3.5; 95% CI: -7.5, -0.5), executive function (adjusted β = -4.8; 95% CI: -8.5, -1.1), general cognitive (adjusted β = -3.6; 95% CI: -7.3, -0.1), memory (adjusted β = -3.8; 95% CI: -7.6, -0), working memory (adjusted β = -3.5; 95% CI: -7.5, -0.5) and memory span scores (adjusted β = -5.3; 95% CI: -9.1, -1.4) The findings suggest that high levels of TNF-α may contribute to reduced memory performance at preschool age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriani Kyriklaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Katerina Margetaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Mariza Kampouri
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Katerina Koutra
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Panos Bitsios
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgia Chalkiadaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eirini Dermitzaki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Venihaki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Katerina Sarri
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Despoina Anousaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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23
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Steeland S, Gorlé N, Vandendriessche C, Balusu S, Brkic M, Van Cauwenberghe C, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, De Rycke R, Kremer A, Lippens S, Stopa E, Johanson CE, Libert C, Vandenbroucke RE. Counteracting the effects of TNF receptor-1 has therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708300. [PMID: 29472246 PMCID: PMC5887909 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and neuroinflammation is an important hallmark of the pathogenesis. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) might be detrimental in AD, though the results coming from clinical trials on anti‐TNF inhibitors are inconclusive. TNFR1, one of the TNF signaling receptors, contributes to the pathogenesis of AD by mediating neuronal cell death. The blood–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier consists of a monolayer of choroid plexus epithelial (CPE) cells, and AD is associated with changes in CPE cell morphology. Here, we report that TNF is the main inflammatory upstream mediator in choroid plexus tissue in AD patients. This was confirmed in two murine AD models: transgenic APP/PS1 mice and intracerebroventricular (icv) AβO injection. TNFR1 contributes to the morphological damage of CPE cells in AD, and TNFR1 abrogation reduces brain inflammation and prevents blood–CSF barrier impairment. In APP/PS1 transgenic mice, TNFR1 deficiency ameliorated amyloidosis. Ultimately, genetic and pharmacological blockage of TNFR1 rescued from the induced cognitive impairments. Our data indicate that TNFR1 is a promising therapeutic target for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Steeland
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nina Gorlé
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sriram Balusu
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjana Brkic
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Caroline Van Cauwenberghe
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anneke Kremer
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB BioImaging Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Saskia Lippens
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB BioImaging Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Edward Stopa
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Conrad E Johanson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Claude Libert
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium .,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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24
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Steeland S, Vandenbroucke RE. Choroid plexus tumor necrosis factor receptor 1: A new neuroinflammatory piece of the complex Alzheimer's disease puzzle. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1144-1147. [PMID: 30804238 PMCID: PMC6425838 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.247443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the aging of the population and despite the enormous scientific effort, Alzheimer's disease remains one of the biggest medical and pharmaceutical challenges in current medicine. Novel insights highlight the importance of neuroinflammation as an undeniable player in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Tumor necrosis factor is a master inflammatory cytokine that signals via tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2, but that also regulates several brain functions in health and disease. However, clinical trials investigating drugs that interfere with the tumor necrosis factor pathway in Alzheimer's disease led to inconclusive results, partially because not only the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor/tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, but also the beneficial tumor necrosis factor/tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 signaling was antagonized in these trials. We recently found that tumor necrosis factor is the main upregulated cytokine in the choroid plexus of Alzheimer's disease patients, signaling via tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. In agreement with this, choroidal tumor necrosis factor/tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 signaling was also upregulated in different Alzheimer's disease mouse models. Interestingly, both genetic and nanobody-based pharmacological blockage of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 signaling was accompanied by favorable effects on Alzheimer's disease-associated inflammation, choroidal morphology and cognitive functioning. Here, we briefly summarize the detrimental effects that can be mediated by tumor necrosis factor/tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 signaling in (early) Alzheimer's disease, and the consequences this might have on the disease progression. As the main hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials is still based on the amyloid beta-cascade, the importance of Alzheimer's disease-associated neuroinflammation urge the development of novel therapeutic strategies that might be effective in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease and prevent the irreversible neurodegeneration and resulting memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Steeland
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Clark IA, Vissel B. Therapeutic implications of how TNF links apolipoprotein E, phosphorylated tau, α-synuclein, amyloid-β and insulin resistance in neurodegenerative diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3859-3875. [PMID: 30097997 PMCID: PMC6151331 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While cytokines such as TNF have long been recognized as essential to normal cerebral physiology, the implications of their chronic excessive production within the brain are now also increasingly appreciated. Syndromes as diverse as malaria and lead poisoning, as well as non‐infectious neurodegenerative diseases, illustrate this. These cytokines also orchestrate changes in tau, α‐synuclein, amyloid‐β levels and degree of insulin resistance in most neurodegenerative states. New data on the effects of salbutamol, an indirect anti‐TNF agent, on α‐synuclein and Parkinson's disease, APOE4 and tau add considerably to the rationale of the anti‐TNF approach to understanding, and treating, these diseases. Therapeutic advances being tested, and arguably useful for a number of the neurodegenerative diseases, include a reduction of excess cerebral TNF, whether directly, with a specific anti‐TNF biological agent such as etanercept via Batson's plexus, or indirectly via surgically implanting stem cells. Inhaled salbutamol also warrants investigating further across the neurodegenerative disease spectrum. It is now timely to integrate this range of new information across the neurodegenerative disease spectrum, rather than keep seeing it through the lens of individual disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Clark
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - B Vissel
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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26
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Blackburn SL, Kumar PT, McBride D, Zeineddine HA, Leclerc J, Choi HA, Dash PK, Grotta J, Aronowski J, Cardenas JC, Doré S. Unique Contribution of Haptoglobin and Haptoglobin Genotype in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Physiol 2018; 9:592. [PMID: 29904350 PMCID: PMC5991135 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivors of cerebral aneurysm rupture are at risk for significant morbidity and neurological deficits. Much of this is related to the effects of blood in the subarachnoid space which induces an inflammatory cascade with numerous downstream consequences. Recent clinical trials have not been able to reduce the toxic effects of free hemoglobin or improve clinical outcome. One reason for this may be the inability to identify patients at high risk for neurologic decline. Recently, haptoglobin genotype has been identified as a pertinent factor in diabetes, sickle cell, and cardiovascular disease, with the Hp 2-2 genotype contributing to increased complications. Haptoglobin is a protein synthesized by the liver that binds free hemoglobin following red blood cell lysis, and in doing so, prevents hemoglobin induced toxicity and facilitates clearance. Clinical studies in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage indicate that Hp 2-2 patients may be a high-risk group for hemorrhage related complications and poor outcome. We review the relevance of haptoglobin in subarachnoid hemorrhage and discuss the effects of genotype and expression levels on the known mechanisms of early brain injury (EBI) and cerebral ischemia after aneurysm rupture. A better understanding of haptoglobin and its role in preventing hemoglobin related toxicity should lead to novel therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiros L Blackburn
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Houston Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peeyush T Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Houston Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Devin McBride
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Houston Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hussein A Zeineddine
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Houston Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jenna Leclerc
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - H Alex Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Houston Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pramod K Dash
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Houston Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - James Grotta
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jaroslaw Aronowski
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jessica C Cardenas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery and Center for Translational Injury Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Psychology, Pharmaceutics, and Neuroscience, University of Florida, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL, United States
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27
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Yu X, Guan PP, Zhu D, Liang YY, Wang T, Wang ZY, Wang P. Magnesium Ions Inhibit the Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor α and the Activity of γ-Secretase in a β-Amyloid Protein-Dependent Mechanism in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:172. [PMID: 29899688 PMCID: PMC5988891 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment. The neuropathological features of AD are the aggregation of extracellular amyloid β-protein (Aβ) and tau phosphorylation. Recently, AD was found to be associated with magnesium ion (Mg2+) deficit and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) elevation in the serum or brains of AD patients. To study the relationship between Mg2+ and TNF-α, we used human- or mouse-derived glial and neuronal cell lines or APP/PS1 transgenic (Tg) mice as in vitro and in vivo experimental models, respectively. Our data demonstrates that magnesium-L-threonate (MgT) can decrease the expression of TNF-α by restoring the levels of Mg2+ in glial cells. In addition, PI3-K/AKT and NF-κB signals play critical roles in mediating the effects of Mg2+ on suppressing the expression of TNF-α. In neurons, Mg2+ elevation showed similar suppressive effects on the expression of presenilin enhancer 2 (PEN2) and nicastrin (NCT) through a PI3-K/AKT and NF-κB-dependent mechanism. As the major components of γ-secretase, overexpression of presenilin 1 (PS1), PEN2 and NCT potentially promote the synthesis of Aβ, which in turn activates TNF-α in glial cells. Reciprocally, TNF-α stimulates the expression of PEN2 and NCT in neurons. The crosstalk between TNF-α and Aβ in glial cells and neurons could ultimately aggravate the development and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Zhu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun-Yue Liang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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28
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A New Venue of TNF Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051442. [PMID: 29751683 PMCID: PMC5983675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The first Food and Drug Administration-(FDA)-approved drugs were small, chemically-manufactured and highly active molecules with possible off-target effects, followed by protein-based medicines such as antibodies. Conventional antibodies bind a specific protein and are becoming increasingly important in the therapeutic landscape. A very prominent class of biologicals are the anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs that are applied in several inflammatory diseases that are characterized by dysregulated TNF levels. Marketing of TNF inhibitors revolutionized the treatment of diseases such as Crohn’s disease. However, these inhibitors also have undesired effects, some of them directly associated with the inherent nature of this drug class, whereas others are linked with their mechanism of action, being pan-TNF inhibition. The effects of TNF can diverge at the level of TNF format or receptor, and we discuss the consequences of this in sepsis, autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. Recently, researchers tried to design drugs with reduced side effects. These include molecules with more specificity targeting one specific TNF format or receptor, or that neutralize TNF in specific cells. Alternatively, TNF-directed biologicals without the typical antibody structure are manufactured. Here, we review the complications related to the use of conventional TNF inhibitors, together with the anti-TNF alternatives and the benefits of selective approaches in different diseases.
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29
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Paouri E, Tzara O, Zenelak S, Georgopoulos S. Genetic Deletion of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Attenuates Amyloid-β Production and Decreases Amyloid Plaque Formation and Glial Response in the 5XFAD Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:165-181. [PMID: 28826177 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that neuroinflammation comprises a major characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in neurodegenerative diseases including AD, and has been proposed as a potent therapeutic target for AD. Although a number of studies focusing on pharmacological or genetic manipulation of TNF-α and its receptors in AD mice have provided significant knowledge regarding the role of TNF-α signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of AD, the consequences of TNF-α genetic deletion have not been thoroughly examined. Here, we focused on the effect of TNF-α deficiency on the amyloid phenotype of 5XFAD mice. Our analysis revealed that amyloid deposition, amyloid-β (Aβ) levels, and AβPP-carboxyterminal fragments are significantly reduced in the brains of 5XFAD/TNF-α-/- mice compared to the 5XFAD/TNF-α+/+. We found decreased protein levels of β- and α-secretases in the 5XFAD/TNF-α-/- brains, suggesting for an effect of TNF-α on AβPP processing and Aβ generation. We also show for the first time that TNF-α affects PS1in vivo, as 5XFAD mice lacking TNF-α expression display reduced PS1-carboxyterminal fragments implying for diminished PS1 activity. Moreover, TNF-α deficiency decreases microglial and astrocytic activation and significantly restricts the phagocytic activity of macrophages against Aβ, supporting for reduced responsiveness of phagocytes toward Aβ. Overall, our results reveal that TNF-α genetic deletion in 5XFAD mice attenuates amyloid plaque formation by lowering Aβ generation through the reduction of functionally active PS1 and β-secretase rather than promoting Aβ clearance by phagocytic cells. Our data further suggest TNF-α inhibition as a therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Paouri
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania Tzara
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Zenelak
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Georgopoulos
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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30
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Dezfulian M. A new Alzheimer's disease cell model using B cells to induce beta amyloid plaque formation and increase TNF alpha expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:106-112. [PMID: 29653407 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Different cell models have been developed for the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathways. The neuronal dysfunction and cell death mechanisms that are commonly found in this disease are due to the production of high levels of cytokines and the formation of amyloid plaques. In the cell model introduced in the present study, the production of these two important factors is induced by using B cells from an AD patient. The B cells of an Alzheimer's patient and a normal control were immortalized by using EBV (Epstein-Barr virus) to produce a lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL). The amount of TNF alpha cytokine was evaluated at the RNA and protein levels by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The AD LCL was cultured with SKNMC cells with and without treatment of TNF alpha siRNA. Amyloid plaque formation was monitored by Congo-red staining and microscopy. The amount of TNF alpha cytokine was significantly increased in the AD LCL compared to the normal LCL. The AD LCL induced the formation of amyloid plaques in SKNMC cells. The AD LCL treated with TNF alpha siRNA and co-cultured with SKNMC cells decreased the size and number of amyloid plaques in SKNMC cells. This cellular model is an appropriate model for studying Alzheimer's disease and the mechanisms related to it, as well as for research on cytokine inhibitors, especially TNF alpha inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrouz Dezfulian
- Department of microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad university, Karaj, Iran.
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31
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King E, O'Brien JT, Donaghy P, Morris C, Barnett N, Olsen K, Martin-Ruiz C, Taylor JP, Thomas AJ. Peripheral inflammation in prodromal Alzheimer's and Lewy body dementias. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:339-345. [PMID: 29248892 PMCID: PMC5869446 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-317134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is growing evidence for the role of systemic inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases; however the systemic inflammatory profile in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has never before been investigated. This study aimed to characterise systemic inflammatory mediators in established DLB and AD, as well as in their prodromal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) phases. METHODS We obtained plasma samples from patients with DLB (n=37), AD (n=20), MCI with DLB profile (n=38), MCI with AD profile (n=20) and healthy control subjects (n=20). The following inflammatory biomarkers were measured using Roche cobas c702 and Meso Scale Discovery V-Plex Plus: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. RESULTS We found significantly higher levels of IL-10, IL-1beta, IL-4 and IL-2 in both MCI groups (P<0.001), while there was no significant difference in inflammatory markers between dementia groups and controls. Furthermore, increased disease severity was associated with lower levels of IL-1beta, IL-2 and IL-4 (P<0.05). INTERPRETATION We have shown for the first time that in both DLB and AD, increased peripheral inflammation occurs early at the MCI disease stages. These data support a role for inflammation early in the disease process, and have important implications for the stage of disease where trials of anti-inflammatory medication should be focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor King
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John Tiernan O'Brien
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paul Donaghy
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicola Barnett
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kirsty Olsen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carmen Martin-Ruiz
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alan J Thomas
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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32
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Wilkaniec A, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Strawski M, Adamczyk A, Czapski GA. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 affects early neuroinflammatory signalling in murine model of amyloid beta toxicity. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:1. [PMID: 29301548 PMCID: PMC5753486 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) belongs to the family of proline-directed serine/threonine kinases and plays a critical role in neuronal differentiation, migration, synaptogenesis, plasticity, neurotransmission and apoptosis. The deregulation of Cdk5 activity was observed in post mortem analysis of brain tissue of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, suggesting the involvement of Cdk5 in the pathomechanism of this neurodegenerative disease. However, our recent study demonstrated the important function of Cdk5 in regulating inflammatory reaction. METHODS Since the role of Cdk5 in regulation of inflammatory signalling in AD is unknown, we investigated the involvement of Cdk5 in neuroinflammation induced by single intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of amyloid beta protein (Aβ) oligomers in mouse. The brain tissue was analysed up to 35 days post injection. Roscovitine (intraperitoneal administration) was used as a potent Cdk5 inhibitor. The experiments were also performed on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y as well as mouse BV2 cell lines treated with exogenous oligomeric Aβ. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that single injection of Aβ oligomers induces long-lasting activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus. We observed also profound, early inflammatory response in the mice hippocampus, leading to the significant elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression (e.g. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6). Moreover, Aβ oligomers elevated the formation of truncated protein p25 in mouse hippocampus and induced overactivation of Cdk5 in neuronal cells. Importantly, administration of roscovitine reduced the inflammatory processes evoked by Aβ in the hippocampus, leading to the significant decrease of cytokines level. CONCLUSIONS These studies clearly show the involvement of Cdk5 in modulation of brain inflammatory response induced by Aβ and may indicate this kinase as a novel target for pharmacological intervention in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilkaniec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gąssowska-Dobrowolska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Strawski
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz A Czapski
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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Alessenko AV, Bachurin SO, Karatasso YO, Korotaeva AA, Shevzova EF, Shingarova LN. Dimebon correction of changes in phospholipid composition induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in experement. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018; 118:91-97. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201811808191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Li B, Gao Y, Zhang W, Xu JR. Regulation and effects of neurotrophic factors after neural stem cell transplantation in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:828-840. [PMID: 29114922 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
According to much research, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease (AD) are correlated with alternations of neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor. The experimental illumination of neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation to eliminate AD symptoms is being explored frequently, and we have acknowledged that neurotrophic factors may play a pivotal role in cognitive improvement. However, the relation between the reversal of cognitive deficits after NSC transplantation and directed alternations of neurotrophic factors is not clearly expounded. Meanwhile, reduced inflammatory response, promoted vessel density, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can be reflections of improvement in cerebrovascular function. Three weeks after NSC transplantation, spatial learning and memory function in NSC-injected (Tg-NSC) mice were significantly improved compared with vehicle-injected (Tg-Veh) mice. Meanwhile, results obtained by immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses demonstrated that the levels of neurotrophic factors, VEGF, and vessel density in the cortex of Tg-NSC mice were significantly enhanced compared with Tg-Veh mice, while the levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 were significantly decreased. Our results suggest that elevated concentrations of neurotrophic factors probably play a critical role in rescuing cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 transgenic mice after NSC transplantation, and neurotrophic factors may improve cerebrovascular function by means such as reducing inflammatory response and promoting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Rong Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Mastroeni D, Nolz J, Sekar S, Delvaux E, Serrano G, Cuyugan L, Liang WS, Beach TG, Rogers J, Coleman PD. Laser-captured microglia in the Alzheimer's and Parkinson's brain reveal unique regional expression profiles and suggest a potential role for hepatitis B in the Alzheimer's brain. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 63:12-21. [PMID: 29207277 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Expression array data from dozens of laboratories, including our own, show significant changes in expression of many genes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared with normal controls. These data typically rely on brain homogenates, and information about transcripts specific to microglia and other central nervous system (CNS) cell types, which far outnumber microglia-specific transcripts, is lost. We therefore used single-cell laser capture methods to assess the full range of microglia-specific expression changes that occur in different brain regions (substantia nigra and hippocampus CA1) and disease states (AD, Parkinson's disease, and normal controls). Two novel pathways, neuronal repair and viral processing were identified. Based on KEGG analysis (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, a collection of biological pathways), one of the most significant viruses was hepatitis B virus (HBV) (false discovery rate < 0.00000001). Immunohistochemical analysis using HBV-core antibody in HBV-positive control, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and HBV-positive AD cases show increased HBV immunoreactivity as disease pathology increases. These results are the first, to our knowledge, to show regional differences in human microglia. In addition, these data reveal new functions for microglia and suggest a novel risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Mastroeni
- Biodesign, ASU-Banner Biodesign Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA.
| | - Jennifer Nolz
- Biodesign, ASU-Banner Biodesign Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Shobana Sekar
- Translational Genomics Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Elaine Delvaux
- Biodesign, ASU-Banner Biodesign Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Geidy Serrano
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Lori Cuyugan
- Translational Genomics Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul D Coleman
- Biodesign, ASU-Banner Biodesign Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
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Leyns CEG, Holtzman DM. Glial contributions to neurodegeneration in tauopathies. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:50. [PMID: 28662669 PMCID: PMC5492997 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are a broad set of neurodegenerative dementias characterized by aggregation of the tau protein into filamentous inclusions that can be found in neurons and glial cells. Activated microglia, astrocytes and elevated levels of proinflammatory molecules are also pathological hallmarks that are found in brain regions affected by tau pathology. There has been abundant research in recent years to understand the role of gliosis and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is the most common form of dementia. AD is a tauopathy characterized by both extracellular amyloid-β plaques in addition to intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads containing aggregated tau protein. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation offers a possible mechanistic link between these pathologies. Additionally, there appears to be a role for neuroinflammation in aggravating tau pathology and neurodegeneration in tauopathies featuring tau deposits as the predominant pathological signature. In this review, we survey the literature regarding inflammatory mechanisms that may impact neurodegeneration in AD and related tauopathies. We consider a physical role for microglia in the spread of tau pathology as well as the non-cell autonomous effects of secreted proinflammatory cytokines, specifically interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and complement proteins. These molecules appear to have direct effects on tau pathophysiology and overall neuronal health. They also indirectly impact neuronal homeostasis by altering glial function. We conclude by proposing a complex role for gliosis and neuroinflammation in accelerating the progression of AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl E. G. Leyns
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - David M. Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Chang R, Knox J, Chang J, Derbedrossian A, Vasilevko V, Cribbs D, Boado RJ, Pardridge WM, Sumbria RK. Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrating Biologic TNF-α Inhibitor for Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2340-2349. [PMID: 28514851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) driven processes are involved at multiple stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology and disease progression. Biologic TNF-α inhibitors (TNFIs) are the most potent class of TNFIs but cannot be developed for AD since these macromolecules do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A BBB-penetrating TNFI was engineered by the fusion of the extracellular domain of the type II human TNF receptor (TNFR) to a chimeric monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the mouse transferrin receptor (TfR), designated as the cTfRMAb-TNFR fusion protein. The cTfRMAb domain functions as a molecular Trojan horse, binding to the mouse TfR and ferrying the biologic TNFI across the BBB via receptor-mediated transcytosis. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of this BBB-penetrating biologic TNFI in a mouse model of AD. Six-month-old APPswe, PSEN 1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice were treated with saline (n = 13), the cTfRMAb-TNFR fusion protein (n = 12), or etanercept (non-BBB-penetrating biologic TNFI; n = 11) 3 days per week intraperitoneally. After 12 weeks of treatment, recognition memory was assessed using the novel object recognition task, mice were sacrificed, and brains were assessed for amyloid beta (Aβ) load, neuroinflammation, BBB damage, and cerebral microhemorrhages. The cTfRMAb-TNFR fusion protein caused a significant reduction in brain Aβ burden (both Aβ peptide and plaque), neuroinflammatory marker ICAM-1, and a BBB disruption marker, parenchymal IgG, and improved recognition memory in the APP/PS1 mice. Fusion protein treatment resulted in low antidrug-antibody formation with no signs of either immune reaction or cerebral microhemorrhage development with chronic 12-week treatment. Chronic treatment with the cTfRMAb-TNFR fusion protein, a BBB-penetrating biologic TNFI, offers therapeutic benefits by targeting Aβ pathology, neuroinflammation, and BBB-disruption, overall improving recognition memory in a transgenic mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Chang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Keck Graduate Institute , Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Jillian Knox
- Department of Neuroscience, Claremont McKenna College , Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Jae Chang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Keck Graduate Institute , Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Aram Derbedrossian
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Keck Graduate Institute , Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Vitaly Vasilevko
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - David Cribbs
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ruben J Boado
- ArmaGen, Inc. , Calabasas, California 91302, United States
| | | | - Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Keck Graduate Institute , Claremont, California 91711, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of California , Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Peripheral Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) Modulates Amyloid Pathology by Regulating Blood-Derived Immune Cells and Glial Response in the Brain of AD/TNF Transgenic Mice. J Neurosci 2017; 37:5155-5171. [PMID: 28442538 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2484-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested that systemic inflammation along with local brain inflammation can play a significant role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Identifying key molecules that regulate the crosstalk between the immune and the CNS can provide potential therapeutic targets. TNF-α is a proinflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and AD. Recent studies have reported that anti-TNF-α therapy or RA itself can modulate AD pathology, although the underlying mechanism is unclear. To investigate the role of peripheral TNF-α as a mediator of RA in the pathogenesis of AD, we generated double-transgenic 5XFAD/Tg197 AD/TNF mice that develop amyloid deposits and inflammatory arthritis induced by human TNF-α (huTNF-α) expression. We found that 5XFAD/Tg197 mice display decreased amyloid deposition, compromised neuronal integrity, and robust brain inflammation characterized by extensive gliosis and elevated blood-derived immune cell populations, including phagocytic macrophages and microglia. To evaluate the contribution of peripheral huTNF-α in the observed brain phenotype, we treated 5XFAD/Tg197 mice systemically with infliximab, an anti-huTNF-α antibody that does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier and prevents arthritis. Peripheral inhibition of huTNF-α increases amyloid deposition, rescues neuronal impairment, and suppresses gliosis and recruitment of blood-derived immune cells, without affecting brain huTNF-α levels. Our data report, for the first time, a distinctive role for peripheral TNF-α in the modulation of the amyloid phenotype in mice by regulating blood-derived and local brain inflammatory cell populations involved in β-amyloid clearance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mounting evidence supports the active involvement of systemic inflammation, in addition to local brain inflammation, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. TNF-α is a pluripotent cytokine that has been independently involved in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and AD. Here we first demonstrate that manipulation of peripheral TNF-α in the context of arthritis modulates the amyloid phenotype by regulating immune cell trafficking in the mouse brain. Our study suggests that additionally to its local actions in the AD brain, TNF-α can also indirectly modulate amyloid pathology as a regulator of peripheral inflammation. Our findings may have significant implications in the treatment of RA patients with anti-TNF-α drugs and in the potential use of TNF-targeted therapies for AD.
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Bagyinszky E, Giau VV, Shim K, Suk K, An SSA, Kim S. Role of inflammatory molecules in the Alzheimer's disease progression and diagnosis. J Neurol Sci 2017; 376:242-254. [PMID: 28431620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disorder and the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia. Several genetic, environmental, and physiological factors, including inflammations and metabolic influences, are involved in the progression of AD. Inflammations are composed of complicated networks of many chemokines and cytokines with diverse cells. Inflammatory molecules are needed for the protection against pathogens, and maintaining their balances is important for normal physiological function. Recent studies demonstrated that inflammation may be involved in neurodegenerative dementia. Cellular immune components, such as microglia or astrocytes, mediate the release of inflammatory molecules, including tumor necrosis factor, growth factors, adhesion molecules, or chemokines. Over- and underexpression of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules, respectively, may result in neuroinflammation and thus disease initiation and progression. In addition, levels of several inflammatory factors were reported to be altered in the brain or bodily fluids of patients with AD, reflecting their neuropathological changes. Therefore, simultaneous detection of several inflammatory molecules in the early or pre-symptomatic stage may improve the early diagnosis of AD. Further studies are needed to determine, how induction or inhibition of inflammatory factors could be used for AD therapies. This review summarizes the role or possible role of immune cells and inflammatory molecules in disease progression or prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bagyinszky
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Vo Van Giau
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhwan Shim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Nagae T, Araki K, Shimoda Y, Sue LI, Beach TG, Konishi Y. Cytokines and Cytokine Receptors Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 7. [PMID: 27895978 PMCID: PMC5123596 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory mechanisms are implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it is unclear whether inflammatory alterations are a cause or consequence of neurodegeneration leading to dementia. Clarifying this issue would provide valuable insight into the early diagnosis and therapeutic management of AD. To address this, we compared the mRNA expression profiles of cytokines in the brains of AD patients with “non-demented individuals with AD pathology” and non-demented healthy control (ND) individuals. “Non-demented individuals with AD pathology” are referred to as high pathology control (HPC) individuals that are considered an intermediate subset between AD and ND. HPC represents a transition between normal aging and early stage of AD, and therefore, is useful for determining whether neuroinflammation is a cause or consequence of AD pathology. We observed that immunological conditions that produce cytokines in the HPC brain were more representative of ND than AD. To validate these result, we investigated the expression of inflammatory mediators at the protein level in postmortem brain tissues. We examined the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and its receptors (TNFRs) in the brains of AD, HPC, and ND individuals. We found differences in soluble TNFα and TNFRs expression between AD and ND groups and between AD and HPC groups. Expression in the temporal cortex was lower in the AD brains than HPC and ND. Our findings indicate that alterations in immunological conditions involving TNFR-mediated signaling are not the primary events initiating AD pathology, such as amyloid plaques and tangle formation. These may be early events occurring along with synaptic and neuronal changes or later events caused by these changes. In this review, we emphasize that elucidating the temporal expression of TNFα signaling molecules during AD is important to understand the selective tuning of these pathways required to develop effective therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomone Nagae
- Department of Clinical Research, National Tottori Medical Center, Tottori 689-0203, Japan
| | - Kiho Araki
- Department of Clinical Research, National Tottori Medical Center, Tottori 689-0203, Japan
| | - Yuki Shimoda
- Department of Clinical Research, National Tottori Medical Center, Tottori 689-0203, Japan
| | - Lucia I Sue
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, 85351, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, 85351, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Konishi
- Department of Clinical Research, National Tottori Medical Center, Tottori 689-0203, Japan
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Sharma N, Singh AN. Exploring Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:KE01-6. [PMID: 27630867 PMCID: PMC5020308 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/18828.8166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of the most common form of dementia occurring in elderly population worldwide. Currently Aβ42, tau and p-tau in the cerebrospinal fluid is estimated for confirmation of AD. CSF which is being used as the potent source for biomarker screening is obtained by invasive lumbar punctures. Thus, there is an urgent need of minimal invasive methods for identification of diagnostic markers for early detection of AD. Blood serum and plasma serves as an appropriate source, due to minimal discomfort to the patients, promoting frequent testing, better follow-up and better consent to clinical trials. Hence, the need of the hour demands discovery of diagnostic and prognostic patient specific signature biomarkers by using emerging technologies of mass spectrometry, microarrays and peptidomics. In this review we summarize the present scenario of AD biomarkers such as circulatory biomarkers, blood based amyloid markers, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress markers being investigated and also some of the potent biomarkers which might be able to predict early onset of Alzheimer's and delay cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeti Sharma
- Assistant Professor, Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences, Symbiosis International University, Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anshika Nikita Singh
- DST- Inspire Junior Research Fellow, Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences, Symbiosis International University, Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract
Perispinal injection is a novel emerging method of drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). Physiological barriers prevent macromolecules from efficiently penetrating into the CNS after systemic administration. Perispinal injection is designed to use the cerebrospinal venous system (CSVS) to enhance delivery of drugs to the CNS. It delivers a substance into the anatomic area posterior to the ligamentum flavum, an anatomic region drained by the external vertebral venous plexus (EVVP), a division of the CSVS. Blood within the EVVP communicates with the deeper venous plexuses of the CSVS. The anatomical basis for this method originates in the detailed studies of the CSVS published in 1819 by the French anatomist Gilbert Breschet. By the turn of the century, Breschet's findings were nearly forgotten, until rediscovered by American anatomist Oscar Batson in 1940. Batson confirmed the unique, linear, bidirectional and retrograde flow of blood between the spinal and cerebral divisions of the CSVS, made possible by the absence of venous valves. Recently, additional supporting evidence was discovered in the publications of American neurologist Corning. Analysis suggests that Corning's famous first use of cocaine for spinal anesthesia in 1885 was in fact based on Breschet's anatomical findings, and accomplished by perispinal injection. The therapeutic potential of perispinal injection for CNS disorders is highlighted by the rapid neurological improvement in patients with otherwise intractable neuroinflammatory disorders that may ensue following perispinal etanercept administration. Perispinal delivery merits intense investigation as a new method of enhanced delivery of macromolecules to the CNS and related structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Lewis Tobinick
- Institute of Neurological Recovery, 2300 Glades Road, Suite 305E, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
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Völgyi K, Háden K, Kis V, Gulyássy P, Badics K, Györffy BA, Simor A, Szabó Z, Janáky T, Drahos L, Dobolyi Á, Penke B, Juhász G, Kékesi KA. Mitochondrial Proteome Changes Correlating with β-Amyloid Accumulation. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2060-2078. [PMID: 26910821 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease of wide clinical heterogenity. Overproduction of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau proteins are important hallmarks of AD. The identification of early pathomechanisms of AD is critically important for discovery of early diagnosis markers. Decreased brain metabolism is one of the earliest clinical symptoms of AD that indicate mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain. We performed the first comprehensive study integrating synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondrial proteome analysis (two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry) in correlation with Aβ progression in APP/PS1 mice (3, 6, and 9 months of age). We identified changes of 60 mitochondrial proteins that reflect the progressive effect of APP overproduction and Aβ accumulation on mitochondrial processes. Most of the significantly affected proteins play role in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, citric acid cycle, oxidative stress, or apoptosis. Altered expression levels of Htra2 and Ethe1, which showed parallel changes in different age groups, were confirmed also by Western blot. The common regulator bioinformatical analysis suggests the regulatory role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in Aβ-mediated mitochondrial protein changes. Our results are in accordance with the previous postmortem human brain proteomic studies in AD in the case of many proteins. Our results could open a new path of research aiming early mitochondrial molecular mechanisms of Aβ accumulation as a prodromal stage of human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Völgyi
- MTA-ELTE NAP B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina Háden
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Kis
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Gulyássy
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-TTK NAP B MS Neuroproteomics Research Group, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Badics
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs András Györffy
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE NAP B Neuroimmunology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Simor
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Medical Chemistry Department, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Janáky
- Medical Chemistry Department, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- MTA-TTK NAP B MS Neuroproteomics Research Group, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád Dobolyi
- MTA-ELTE NAP B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Botond Penke
- Medical Chemistry Department, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-TTK NAP B MS Neuroproteomics Research Group, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Adrienna Kékesi
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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44
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Alessenko A, Bachurin S, Gurianova S, Karatasso Y, Shevtsova E, Shingarova L. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha - potential target for neuroprotector dimebon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 62:418-25. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20166204418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dimebon (Dimebolin) is an antihistamine drug which has been used in Russia since 1983. Recently Dimebolin has attracted renewed interest after being shown to have positive effects on persons suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Animal studies have shown that dimebon acts through multiple mechanisms, both blocking the action of neurotoxic beta-amyloid peptides and inhibiting L-type calcium channels, modulating the action of AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors. Our experiments with cell culture L929 and mice have shown that dimebon may exert its neuroprotective effect by blocking cytotoxic signals induced by proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a which are believed to play a central role in Alzheimer's disease. Dimebon (10 mg/ml) protected mouse fibroblasts L929 against the toxic action of TNF-a. Our study included 65 male mice. TNF-a (10 mg per mouse), dimebon (0,2 mg/kg) and their combination were injected intraperitonealy. Changes in the level of molecular species of sphingomyelin and galactosyl ceramide in hippocampus, cerebellum and cerebral cortex within 30 min, 2 h, 4 h, and 24 h after injection were detected by chromato-mass-spectrometry. Maximal changes in sphingomyelin and galactosyl ceramides contents of different molecular species after single TNF-a administration were found in the hippocampus, and were less expressed in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum after 24 h. Dimebon itself did not induce changes in the sphingolipid spectrum in brain sections, but protected them against disorders induced by TNF-a in the brain. Modern strategies in the search of new therapeutic approaches are based on the multitarget properties of new drugs. According to our results TNF-a may serve as a new target for dimebon.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.V. Alessenko
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S.O. Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - S.V. Gurianova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y.O. Karatasso
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E.F. Shevtsova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - L.N. Shingarova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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45
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McCaulley ME, Grush KA. Alzheimer's Disease: Exploring the Role of Inflammation and Implications for Treatment. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 2015:515248. [PMID: 26664821 PMCID: PMC4664815 DOI: 10.1155/2015/515248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both structural abnormalities and inflammation in the brain. While recent research has chiefly focused on the structural changes involved in AD, understanding the pathophysiology and associated inflammation of the AD brain helps to elucidate potential therapeutic and preventative options. By exploring the data supporting an inflammatory etiology of AD, we present a case for the use of existing evidence-based treatments addressing inflammation as promising options for treating and preventing AD. We present data demonstrating tumor necrosis factor alpha association with the inflammation of AD. We also discuss data supporting TNF alpha associated inflammation in traumatic brain injury, stroke, and spinal disc associated radiculopathy. We augment this previously unarticulated concept of a unifying pathophysiology of central nervous system disease, with reports of benefits of TNF alpha inhibition in many hundreds of patients with those diseases, including AD. We also assess the pathophysiologic and clinical trial evidence supporting the role of other inflammation resolving treatments in AD. In aggregate, the data from the several potentially effective therapeutic and preventative options contained within this report presents a clearer picture of next steps needed in research of treatment alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. McCaulley
- Yampa Valley Medical Associates, 940 Central Park Drive, Steamboat Springs, CO 80487, USA
| | - Kira A. Grush
- Yampa Valley Medical Associates, 940 Central Park Drive, Steamboat Springs, CO 80487, USA
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46
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Jones-Odeh E, Hammond CJ. How strong is the relationship between glaucoma, the retinal nerve fibre layer, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis? Eye (Lond) 2015; 29:1270-84. [PMID: 26337943 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2015.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disorder with established relationships with ocular structures such as the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Ocular imaging techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) allow for quantitative measurement of these structures. OCT has been used in the monitoring of glaucoma, as well as investigating other neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). In this review, we highlight the association between these disorders and ocular structures (RNFL and GCL), examining their usefulness as biomarkers of neurodegeneration. The average RNFL thickness loss in patients with AD is 11 μm, and 7 μm in MS patients. Most of the studies investigating these changes are cross-sectional. Further longitudinal studies are required to assess sensitivity and specificity of these potential ocular biomarkers to neurodegenerative disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jones-Odeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C J Hammond
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
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Pimentel LS, Allard S, Do Carmo S, Weinreb O, Danik M, Hanzel CE, Youdim MB, Cuello AC. The Multi-Target Drug M30 Shows Pro-Cognitive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in a Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 47:373-83. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-143126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa S. Pimentel
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Simon Allard
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Marc Danik
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cecilia E. Hanzel
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - A. Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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48
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Wang WY, Tan MS, Yu JT, Tan L. Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from microglia in Alzheimer's disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26207229 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.03.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the brain, which is characterized by the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques (or senile plaques) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. However, increasing evidences demonstrated that neuroinflammatory changes, including chronic microgliosis are key pathological components of AD. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, is constantly survey the microenvironment under physiological conditions. In AD, deposition of β-amyliod (Aβ) peptide initiates a spectrum of cerebral neuroinflammation mediated by activating microglia. Activated microglia may play a potentially detrimental role by eliciting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) influencing the surrounding brain tissue. Emerging studies have demonstrated that up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines play multiple roles in both neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. Understanding the pro-inflammatory cytokines signaling pathways involved in the regulation of AD is crucial to the development of strategies for therapy. This review will discuss the mechanisms and important role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of AD, and the ongoing drug targeting pro-inflammatory cytokine for therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Wang
- 1 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China ; 2 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- 1 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China ; 2 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- 1 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China ; 2 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Lan Tan
- 1 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China ; 2 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
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Tobinick E, Rodriguez-Romanacce H, Levine A, Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN. Immediate neurological recovery following perispinal etanercept years after brain injury. Clin Drug Investig 2015; 34:361-6. [PMID: 24647830 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-014-0186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomographic brain imaging and pathological examination have revealed that a chronic, intracerebral neuroinflammatory response lasting for years after a single brain injury may occur in humans. Evidence suggests the immune signaling molecule, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), is centrally involved in this pathology through its modulation of microglial activation, role in synaptic dysfunction, and induction of depressive symptoms and neuropathic pain. Etanercept is a recombinant TNF receptor fusion protein and potent TNF inhibitor that has been found to reduce microglial activation and neuropathic pain in multiple experimental models. We report that a single dose of perispinal etanercept produced an immediate, profound, and sustained improvement in expressive aphasia, speech apraxia, and left hemiparesis in a patient with chronic, intractable, debilitating neurological dysfunction present for more than 3 years after acute brain injury. These results indicate that acute brain injury-induced pathologic levels of TNF may provide a therapeutic target that can be addressed years after injury. Perispinal administration of etanercept is capable of producing immediate relief from brain injury-mediated neurological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Tobinick
- Institute of Neurological Recovery, 2300 Glades Road Suite 305E, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA,
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50
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Tai LM, Ghura S, Koster KP, Liakaite V, Maienschein‐Cline M, Kanabar P, Collins N, Ben‐Aissa M, Lei AZ, Bahroos N, Green SJ, Hendrickson B, Van Eldik LJ, LaDu MJ. APOE-modulated Aβ-induced neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: current landscape, novel data, and future perspective. J Neurochem 2015; 133:465-88. [PMID: 25689586 PMCID: PMC4400246 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic glial activation and neuroinflammation induced by the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. APOE4 is the greatest AD-genetic risk factor; increasing risk up to 12-fold compared to APOE3, with APOE4-specific neuroinflammation an important component of this risk. This editorial review discusses the role of APOE in inflammation and AD, via a literature review, presentation of novel data on Aβ-induced neuroinflammation, and discussion of future research directions. The complexity of chronic neuroinflammation, including multiple detrimental and beneficial effects occurring in a temporal and cell-specific manner, has resulted in conflicting functional data for virtually every inflammatory mediator. Defining a neuroinflammatory phenotype (NIP) is one way to address this issue, focusing on profiling the changes in inflammatory mediator expression during disease progression. Although many studies have shown that APOE4 induces a detrimental NIP in peripheral inflammation and Aβ-independent neuroinflammation, data for APOE-modulated Aβ-induced neuroinflammation are surprisingly limited. We present data supporting the hypothesis that impaired apoE4 function modulates Aβ-induced effects on inflammatory receptor signaling, including amplification of detrimental (toll-like receptor 4-p38α) and suppression of beneficial (IL-4R-nuclear receptor) pathways. To ultimately develop APOE genotype-specific therapeutics, it is critical that future studies define the dynamic NIP profile and pathways that underlie APOE-modulated chronic neuroinflammation. In this editorial review, we present data supporting the hypothesis that impaired apoE4 function modulates Aβ-induced effects on inflammatory receptor signaling, including amplification of detrimental (TLR4-p38α) and suppression of beneficial (IL-4R-nuclear receptor) pathways, resulting in an adverse NIP that causes neuronal dysfunction. NIP, Neuroinflammatory phenotype; P.I., pro-inflammatory; A.I., anti-inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon M. Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUniversity of IllinoisChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Shivesh Ghura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUniversity of IllinoisChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Kevin P. Koster
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUniversity of IllinoisChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | | | - Pinal Kanabar
- UIC Center for Research Informatics University of IllinoisChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Nicole Collins
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUniversity of IllinoisChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Manel Ben‐Aissa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUniversity of IllinoisChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Arden Zhengdeng Lei
- UIC Center for Research Informatics University of IllinoisChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Neil Bahroos
- UIC Center for Research Informatics University of IllinoisChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Bill Hendrickson
- UIC Research Resources CenterUniversity of IllinoisChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUniversity of IllinoisChicagoIllinoisUSA
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