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Zupanc M, Humar BB, Dular M, Gostiša J, Hočevar M, Repinc SK, Krzyk M, Novak L, Ortar J, Pandur Ž, Stres B, Petkovšek M. The use of hydrodynamic cavitation for waste-to-energy approach to enhance methane production from waste activated sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119074. [PMID: 37804635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion in wastewater treatment plants converts its unwanted end product - waste activated sludge into biogas. Even if the process is well established, pre-treatment of the sludge can further improve its efficiency. In this study, four treatment regimes for increasing methane production through prior sludge disintegration were investigated using lab-scale cavitation generator and real sludge samples. Three different cavitating (attached cavitation regime, developed cloud shedding cavitation regime and cavitation in a wake regime) and one non-cavitating regime at elevated static pressure were studied in detail for their effectiveness on physical and chemical properties of sludge samples. Volume-weighted mean diameter D[4,3] of sludge's particles decreased by up to 92%, specific surface area increased by up to 611%, while viscosity (at a shear rate of 3.0 s-1) increased by up to 39% in the non-cavitating and decreased by up to 24% in all three cavitating regimes. Chemical changes were more pronounced in cavitating regimes, where released soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) and increase of dissolved organic matter (DOM) compounds by up to 175% and 122% were achieved, respectively. Methane production increased in all four cases, with the highest increase of 70% corresponding to 312 mL CH4 g-1 COD. However, this treatment was not particularly efficient in terms of energy consumption. The best energy balance was found for the regime with a biochemical methane potencial increase of 43%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Zupanc
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Matevž Dular
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Gostiša
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Hočevar
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sabina Kolbl Repinc
- Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova Ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Mario Krzyk
- Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lovrenc Novak
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Ortar
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Pandur
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Stres
- Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova Ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia; Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Petkovšek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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2
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Bai X, Grassino M, Jensen PD. Effect of alkaline pre-treatment on hydrolysis rate and methane production during anaerobic digestion of paunch solid waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 171:303-312. [PMID: 37696172 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Paunch is comprised of the partially digested feed contained in cattle or sheep and contributes 20-50% of organic waste produced at red meat processing facilities. Anaerobic digestion has been identified as a promising technology for paunch treatment, however treatment times can be long and when combined with the moderate degradability of paunch this results in high treatment costs that need to be improved. Pre-treatment was investigated as a strategy to improve AD of paunch, alkaline treatment (NaOH or KOH) was selected due to the high lignin content. A range of alkaline loadings (1-20 g 100gTS-1) were tested with an equivalent hydroxide molar concentration of 9-250 mM [OH-]. Alkaline pre-treatment improved both the hydrolysis rate and the overall degradability of paunch solid by up to 4.4 times and 60%, respectively. The enhanced hydrolysis rate and methane yield was correlated to changes in material composition during pre-treatment. While alkaline concentration was an important factor, there were no significant improvements at alkaline concentrations above 12 g 100gTS-1 (150 mM [OH-]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Maria Grassino
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul D Jensen
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Steindl M, Dandikas V, Lichti F, Höcherl S, Koch K. The importance of inspecting the inoculum's methane production for estimating kinetic parameters in biochemical methane potential tests. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 378:128963. [PMID: 36972804 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to improve the quality of estimations of the first-order kinetic constant k, in Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) tests. The results showed that existing guidelines for BMP tests are not sufficient to improve the estimation of k. The methane production of the inoculum itself exerted a major influence on the estimation of k. A flawed value in k was correlated with a high endogenous methane production. Excluding blanks that showed a distinct lag-phase of >1 day and a mean relative standard deviation >10% during the first ten days of a BMP test helped to retrieve more consistent estimates for k. For improving the repeatability in the determination of k in BMP tests, it is strongly recommended to inspect the methane production rate of the blanks. The proposed threshold values may be applied by other researchers but need further verification with different data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Steindl
- Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Animal Husbandry, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Am Staudengarten 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Vasilis Dandikas
- Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Animal Husbandry, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Am Staudengarten 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Fabian Lichti
- Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Animal Husbandry, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Am Staudengarten 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Susanne Höcherl
- Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Animal Husbandry, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Am Staudengarten 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Konrad Koch
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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4
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Ólafsdóttir SS, Jensen CD, Lymperatou A, Henriksen UB, Gavala HN. Effects of different treatments of manure on mitigating methane emissions during storage and preserving the methane potential for anaerobic digestion. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116456. [PMID: 36270124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Current agricultural practices in regards to storage of manure come with a significant GHG contribution, due, to a big extent, to CH4 emissions. For example, in Denmark, the agricultural sector is responsible for about 11.1 metric tons of CO2 equivalents; only about 0.2 metric tons come directly from CO2, while 6.0 tons come from CH4. The present study aims at evaluating and comparing two methods based on their effect on suppressing CH4 emissions during storage as well as on preserving and enhancing CH4 yield in a subsequent anaerobic digestion step: the commonly applied acidification with H2SO4 as acidifying agent and thermal treatment at the mild temperatures of 70 and 90 °C (pasteurization). Although both treatments effectively suppressed CH4 emissions during storage, they exhibited a significant difference in preserving and/or enhancing the CH4 potential of manure. Specifically, thermal treatment resulted in 16-35% enhancement of CH4 potential, while acidification resulted in decreasing the CH4 yield by 6-23% compared to non-treated manure. Further investigation showed that storage itself positively affected the CH4 potential of treated manure in a subsequent anaerobic digestion step; this was attributed to microbial activity other than biomethanation during storage. In overall and based on the results obtained regarding suppression of CH4 emissions during storage as well as CH4 potential enhancement, pasteurization at the temperatures tested is a promising alternative to the broadly applied acidification of manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Sif Ólafsdóttir
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs.Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Claus Dalsgaard Jensen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs.Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Anna Lymperatou
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs.Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Birk Henriksen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs.Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Hariklia N Gavala
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs.Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.
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5
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Liu H, Li X, Zhang Z, Nghiem LD, Wang Q. Urine pretreatment significantly promotes methane production in anaerobic waste activated sludge digestion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158684. [PMID: 36096217 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Methane production of waste activated sludge (WAS) in anaerobic digestion is hindered due to the rate-limited hydrolysis process and the low methane potential of WAS. Pretreatment of WAS is a common and appealing strategy to improve methane production in anaerobic digestion. In this study, we proposed to use urine, an easily obtained human waste with high ammonium concentration and pH, as a novel pretreatment strategy for anaerobic WAS digestion. Urine pretreatment at levels of 5-30 % (Vurine/Vurine+WAS) could substantially enhance methane production by 5-35 % in biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests, with the highest methane production of 179.6 ± 3.3 mL/g volatile solids (VS) achieved under the highest level of urine (i.e. 30 % urine addition). Based on the model analysis, the biochemical methane potential (B0) and hydrolysis rate of WAS (k) rose from 131.9 mL/g VS and 0.19 d-1 in the control without pretreatment to 136.3-178.2 mL/g VS and 0.22-0.30 d-1, respectively, after the urine pretreatment (5-30 % addition). Urine pretreatment with 5-30 % addition also improved the degradation extent (Y) of WAS by 3-35 %. The promising results indicate that urine pretreatment in anaerobic digestion is a promising technology to improve the efficiency of anaerobic digestion with environmental and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xuan Li
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Zehao Zhang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Da Silva C, Peces M, Faundez M, Hansen H, Campos JL, Dosta J, Astals S. Gamma distribution function to understand anaerobic digestion kinetics: Kinetic constants are not constant. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135579. [PMID: 35792215 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Gamma model is a novel approach to characterise the complex degradation dynamics taking place during anaerobic digestion. This three parameters model results from combining the first-order kinetic model and the Gamma distribution function. In contrast to conventional models, where the kinetic constant is considered invariant, the Gamma model allows analysing the variability of the kinetic constant using a probability density function. The kinetic constant of mono-digestion and co-digestion batch tests of different wastes were modelled using the Gamma model and two common first-order models: one-step one-fraction model and one-step two-fraction model. The Gamma distribution function approximates three distinct probability density functions, i.e. exponential, log-normal, and delta Dirac. Specifically, (i) cattle paunch and pig manure approximated a log-normal distribution; (ii) cattle manure and microalgae approximated an exponential distribution, and (iii) primary sludge and cellulose approximated a delta Dirac distribution. The Gamma model was able to characterise two distinct waste activated sludge, one approximated to a log-normal distribution and the other to an exponential distribution. The same cellulose was tested with two different inocula; in both tests, the Gamma distribution function approximated a delta Dirac function but with a different kinetic value. The potential and consistency of Gamma model were also evident when analysing pig manure and microalgae co-digestion batch tests since (i) the mean k of the co-digestion tests were within the values of the mono-digestion tests, and (ii) the profile of the density function transitioned from log-normal to exponential distribution as the percentage of microalgae in the mixture increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Da Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Peces
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Centre for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - M Faundez
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Technical University Federico Santa María, 2390123, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - H Hansen
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Technical University Federico Santa María, 2390123, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - J L Campos
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, 2520000, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - J Dosta
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, 08001, Spain
| | - S Astals
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Romero-Güiza MS, Flotats X, Asiain-Mira R, Palatsi J. Enhancement of sewage sludge thickening and energy self-sufficiency with advanced process control tools in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118924. [PMID: 35933817 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
On their path to becoming sustainable facilities, it is required that wastewater treatment plants reduce their energy demand, sludge production, and chemical consumption, as well as increase on-site power generation. This study describes the results obtained from upgrading the sludge line of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant over 6 years (2015-2021) using three advanced process control strategies. The advanced process control tools were designed with the aim of (i) enhancing primary and secondary sludge thickening, (ii) improving anaerobic digestion performance, and (iii) reducing chemical consumption in the sludge line. The results obtained show that the use of advanced process control tools allows for optimising sludge thickening (increasing solids content by 9.5%) and anaerobic digestion (increasing both the removal of volatile solids and specific methane yield by 10%, respectively), while reducing iron chloride and antifoam consumption (by 75% and 53%, respectively). With the strategies implemented, the plant increased its potential energy self-sufficiency from 43% to 51% and reduced de-watered sludge production by 11%. Furthermore, the upgrade required a low investment, with a return of capital expense (CAPEX) in 1.98 years, which presents a promising and affordable alternative for upgrading existing wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Romero-Güiza
- Aqualia, Production Area, Cami Sot de Fontanet, 29, Lleida 25197, Spain
| | - X Flotats
- UPC BarcelonaTECH, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Asiain-Mira
- Aqualia, Innovation and Technology Department, Av. Camino de Santiago, 40, Madrid 28050, Spain
| | - J Palatsi
- Aqualia, Production Area, Cami Sot de Fontanet, 29, Lleida 25197, Spain.
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8
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Ezieke AH, Serrano A, Clarke W, Villa-Gomez DK. Bottom ash from smouldered digestate and coconut coir as an alkalinity supplement for the anaerobic digestion of fruit waste. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:134049. [PMID: 35189190 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of readily hydrolysed substrates such as fruit waste requires the addition of a pH buffering agent. This study evaluated the use of bottom ash from the combustion of spent coconut coir and the digestate produced from rejected berry fruit and plant waste as a buffering agent. The performance of the ash was compared with using an equivalent amount of NaHCO3 as a buffering agent. Digestions of berry fruit waste were performed in 160 mL serum vials using anaerobic wastewater sludge as an inoculum. The methane yield at the optimum levels of buffering with NaHCO3 as the buffering agent was 233 ± 12 NmL CH4/g VS. The methane yield at an equivalent addition of alkalinity as ash was significantly less, (124 ± 3 NmL CH4/g VS), but still beneficial compared to the methane yield obtained from experiments with no added alkalinity (40 ± 1 NmL CH4/g VS). Further dosages of ash in systems containing optimal level of NaHCO3 buffer also revealed a decrease in the methane yield proportionally to the added ash concentration, which is suggested to be caused by soluble concentrations of Fe in the ash supplemented systems that are higher than reported inhibitory levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Serrano
- The University of Queensland, School of Civil Engineering, Brisbane, 4072, Australia; Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - William Clarke
- The University of Queensland, School of Civil Engineering, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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Rajesh Banu J, Godvin Sharmila V, Yukesh Kannah R, Kanimozhi R, Elfasakhany A, Gunasekaran M, Adish Kumar S, Kumar G. Impact of novel deflocculant ZnO/Chitosan nanocomposite film in disperser pretreatment enhancing energy efficient anaerobic digestion: Parameter assessment and cost exploration. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131835. [PMID: 34426273 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposed to interpret the novel method of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) removal in advance to sludge disintegration to enrich bioenergy generation. The sludge has been subjected to deflocculation using Zinc oxide/Chitosan nanocomposite film (ZCNF) and achieved 98.97% of solubilization which enhance the solubilization of organics. The obtained result revealed that higher solubilization efficiency of 23.3% was attained at an optimal specific energy of 2186 kJ/kg TS and disintegration duration of 30 min. The deflocculated sludge showed 8.2% higher solubilization than the flocculated sludge emancipates organics in the form of 1.64 g/L of SCOD thereby enhancing the methane generation. The deflocculated sludge produces methane of 230 mL/g COD attained overall solid reduction of 55.5% however, flocculated and control sludge produces only 182.25 mL/g COD and 142.8 mL/g COD of methane. Based on the energy, mass and cost analysis, the deflocculated sludge saved 94.1% of energy than the control and obtained the net cost of 5.59 $/t which is comparatively higher than the flocculated and control sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Life Science, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
| | - V Godvin Sharmila
- Department of Civil Engineering, Rohini College of Engineering and Technology, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Yukesh Kannah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Kanimozhi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashraf Elfasakhany
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Gunasekaran
- Department of Physics, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Adish Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, University V.O.C College of Engineering, Anna University Thoothukudi Campus, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Astals S, José Chávez-Fuentes J, Capson-Tojo G, Hutňan M, Jensen PD. The interaction between lipids and ammoniacal nitrogen mitigates inhibition in mesophilic anaerobic digestion. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 136:244-252. [PMID: 34700165 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ammoniacal nitrogen and long chain fatty acids (LCFA) are common inhibitors of the anaerobic digestion process. However, the interaction between these inhibitors has received little attention. Understanding the interaction between these inhibitors is important to optimise the operation of anaerobic digesters treating slaughterhouse waste or using fat, oil and grease (FOG) as co-substrate among others. To study the interaction between ammoniacal nitrogen and LCFA inhibition, 20 different conditions were trialled in mesophilic batch tests. Experimental conditions included 5 mixtures between slaughterhouse wastewater and LCFA (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 20:80, 0:100 on a VS basis), each one tested at 4 different ammoniacal nitrogen concentrations (0, 1, 3, 6 gNadded·L-1). Experimental and modelling results showed that ammoniacal nitrogen inhibition was less severe in LCFA-rich mixtures, indicating that LCFA mitigated ammoniacal nitrogen inhibition to a certain extent. However, the positive interaction between inhibitors did not only depend on the LCFA concentration. A protective LCFA coat that limited the diffusion of free ammonia into the cell and/or provided a localised lower pH in the vicinity of the microbial cell could explain the experimental results. However, ammoniacal nitrogen and LCFA inhibition comprise up to 6 different but interrelated inhibitors (i.e. NH3, NH4+, LCFA, VFA, H2 and pH) and therefore the specific mechanism could not be elucidated. Nonetheless, these results suggest that LCFA do not exacerbate TAN-related inhibition and that LCFA-rich substrates can be utilised as co-substrates in mesophilic N-rich digesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Astals
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan José Chávez-Fuentes
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gabriel Capson-Tojo
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia; CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Miroslav Hutňan
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Paul D Jensen
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
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Calderon AG, Duan H, Seo KY, Macintosh C, Astals S, Li K, Wan J, Li H, Maulani N, Lim ZK, Yuan Z, Hu S. The origin of waste activated sludge affects the enhancement of anaerobic digestion by free nitrous acid pre-treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148831. [PMID: 34246135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is a common stabilization method for treating primary sludge (PS) and waste activated sludge (WAS). However, its application is often limited by the degradation of WAS. Recent studies have demonstrated FNA to be an effective pre-treatment for enhancing WAS degradability, while having limited effect on PS degradability. WAS characteristics are impacted by wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) configuration and this study is the first to compare the effectiveness of FNA pre-treatment on WAS from WWTP with and without primary treatment. In this study, WAS samples were collected from four full-scale WWTPs with or without primary treatment. Sludge characterization, biomethane potential tests and mathematical modeling were conducted to assess the impacts of FNA pre-treatment on anaerobic digestion. The results showed that FNA pre-treatment was consistently effective for WAS from different WWTPs, while the extent of enhancement varied between WWTPs. For WAS from WWTPs without primary treatment, FNA pretreatment increased the rate of hydrolysis by 54-66% compared to 22-33% increase for WAS without primary treatment. In contrast, WAS from WWTPs with primary treatment experienced greater increases in methane potential (22-24%) compared to WAS from WWTPs without primary treatment (14-16%). These variances could be associated with primary treatment impacting the wastewater COD/N ratio and thus portion of extracellular polymetric substances (EPS) and cells in WAS. FNA pre-treatment targets the destruction of polymetric substances and cells, therefore WAS with a higher proportion of cells (i.e., WAS with primary treatment) experienced greater improvements in methane yield. Similarly, greater improvements in hydrolysis rate were observed for WAS from WWTP without primary sedimentation which contain higher proportions of large EPS molecules. Despite its consistent effectiveness on WAS samples, FNA pre-treatment was ineffective for improving the digestibility of high-rate activated sludge (HRAS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haoran Duan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Kai Yee Seo
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Sergi Astals
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kaili Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jingjing Wan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Huijuan Li
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nova Maulani
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhuan Khai Lim
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shihu Hu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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12
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Liu H, Li X, Zhang Z, Nghiem LD, Gao L, Wang Q. Semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of secondary sludge with free ammonia pretreatment: Focusing on volatile solids destruction, dewaterability, pathogen removal and its implications. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117481. [PMID: 34358904 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Our previous work has reported the pretreatment of secondary sludge with free ammonia (NH3, FA) enhanced the methane production in batch biochemical methane potential tests. However, the batch biochemical methane potential test could only provide conservative results compared to continuous/semi-continuous anaerobic digestion. Also, the impacts of FA pretreatment on the key anaerobic digestion parameters, including volatile solids (VS) destruction, sludge dewaterability and pathogen removal, are still unknown. This study for the first time investigated these impacts using semi-continuous anaerobic digestion systems for 130 days. Pretreatment of secondary sludge for 24 h at an FA concentration of 560 mg NH3-N/L improved VS destruction by 26.4% (from 22.0 to 27.8%), supported by a similar increase of 28.6% in methane production (from 126.7 to 162.9 ml CH4/g VSfed). Model based analysis revealed that FA pretreatment improved the sludge degradability extent, which may be the reason for the enhanced VS destruction. Equally importantly, the dewaterability of the digested sludge with FA pretreatment was also enhanced by 9.2% (from 12.0 to 13.1% in solids content of the dewatered digested sludge), which could be partly attributed to the increased zeta potential from -16.7 to -14.5 mV. Anaerobic digestion with FA pretreatment enhanced the removals of Fecal Coliform and E. Coli by 1.3 and 1.4 log MPN/g TS (MPN: Most Probable Number; TS: Total Solids), indicating FA pretreatment was effective in enhancing pathogen removal. With inorganic solids representing 21% of the sludge used, the volume of dewatered sludge to be disposed of was reduced by 14.5% via FA pretreatment. This will substantially decrease the cost as evaluated by economic analysis. In brief, this study provides a promising strategy to enhance sludge reduction in anaerobic digestion and is of great significance in promoting the application of FA pretreatment strategy in the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xuan Li
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zehao Zhang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Li Gao
- South East Water, 101 Wells Street, Frankston, VIC 3199, Australia
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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13
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Osmotic shock pre-treatment of Chaetoceros muelleri wet biomass enhanced solvent-free lipid extraction and biogas production. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Hülsen T, Lu Y, Rodríguez I, Segura Y, Martínez F, Puyol D, Batstone DJ. Anaerobic digestion of purple phototrophic bacteria - The release step of the partition-release-recover concept. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123125. [PMID: 32197190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) have been proposed as a high-growth, assimilative option for wastewater treatment. The original partition-release-recover concept proposal requires their near complete digestion and release (and subsequent recovery) of energy and nutrients in an anaerobic digester. While the growth (partition) step has been extensively assessed, no work has been done on their anaerobic digestion characteristics (release). Continuous mesophilic (20d) and thermophilic (10d) digestion could achieve around 55% volatile solids degradation (VSD), with 35% (mesophilic) and 20% (thermophilic) nitrogen solubilisation. Post digestion (with/without pretreatment) could increase the VSD to 70% and nitrogen solubilisation to 43%. A number of pretreatment options were tested, with high temperature and sonication being relatively effective, and chemical treatment, and temperature phased digestion being relatively ineffective vs controls. Overall, anaerobic digestion of PPB results in substantial residual particulate material, with an increased nitrogen content, and avenues to effectively utilise this residue should be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hülsen
- Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, PO Box 8000, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Yang Lu
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Iván Rodríguez
- Group of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (GIQA), University Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán, s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Segura
- Group of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (GIQA), University Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán, s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez
- Group of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (GIQA), University Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán, s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Puyol
- Group of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (GIQA), University Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán, s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damien J Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, PO Box 8000, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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15
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Johannesson GH, Crolla A, Lauzon JD, Gilroyed BH. Estimation of biogas co-production potential from liquid dairy manure, dissolved air flotation waste (DAF) and dry poultry manure using biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Lu D, Wu D, Qian T, Jiang J, Cao S, Zhou Y. Liquid and solids separation for target resource recovery from thermal hydrolyzed sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 171:115476. [PMID: 31927095 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study proposed an integrated process for biogas generation and biochar production from thermal hydrolysis pretreated sludge (THP sludge). In this study, the liquid and solids fractions of THP sludge were separately processed for the first time. The liquid fraction of THP sludge (THP-L) reached the biodegradability (262.6 ± 5.1 mL CH4/g tCODfeed) on the 15th day during anaerobic treatment, while the solids fraction of THP sludge (THP-S) only contributed 31.0% to the total methane production and required more than 30 days digestion time. We investigated the feasibility to convert THP-S into biochar to realize the higher value of the solids fraction. The results prove the produced biochar can be used as slow-release fertilizer. Preliminary energy analysis was performed to evaluate the energy efficiency of the integrated approach, namely, methane generation from THP-L coupled with biochar production from THP-S. The process realized energy surplus of 0.81 MWh/tonne dry sludge. In addition, THP-L digested sludge showed better dewaterability, lower yield stress and reduced viscosity during digestion. The proposed new sludge treatment process therefore has lower operating cost and higher value returns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Dan Wu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore; Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Tingting Qian
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Jiankai Jiang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Shenbin Cao
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore.
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17
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Mendieta O, Madrigal G, Castro L, Rodríguez J, Escalante H. Sugarcane scum as a novel substrate for rapid biogas production from the non-centrifugal cane sugar agribusiness sector in developing countries. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122364. [PMID: 31732416 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane scum (SCS) is a waste from the non-centrifugal cane sugar making process. Due to its physicochemical characteristics, it has a high-energy potential to produce biomethane via anaerobic digestion (AD). However, (i) the total solids concentration in the SCS exceeds the limit for wet digestion and (ii) the SCS has a low pH. The aim of this research was to evaluate the utilization capacity of the SCS for methane production through a biochemical methane potential test and extent of disintegration, using dilution pretreatment. The highest methane yield, 0.227 N m3 CH4 kg-1 VS, was achieved at a 12.5% SCS dilution, with an organic matter removal greater than 70% and an extent of disintegration of 34.5%. This is evidence that the AD process is a feasible alternative for SCS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Mendieta
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, km 14 vía Mosquera Bogotá, Mosquera, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Tecnologías de Valorización de Residuos y Fuentes Agrícolas e Industriales para la Sustentabilidad Energética (INTERFASE), Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander - UIS, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| | - G Madrigal
- Grupo de investigación Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Peruana Unión - UPeU, Carretera Salida a Arequipa km 6 Chullunquiani, Juliaca, Peru
| | - L Castro
- Grupo de Investigación en Tecnologías de Valorización de Residuos y Fuentes Agrícolas e Industriales para la Sustentabilidad Energética (INTERFASE), Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander - UIS, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - J Rodríguez
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, km 14 vía Mosquera Bogotá, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - H Escalante
- Grupo de Investigación en Tecnologías de Valorización de Residuos y Fuentes Agrícolas e Industriales para la Sustentabilidad Energética (INTERFASE), Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander - UIS, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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18
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Zhang Y, Li H. Energy recovery from wastewater treatment plants through sludge anaerobic digestion: effect of low-organic-content sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30544-30553. [PMID: 28921257 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
During anaerobic digestion, low-organic-content sludge sometimes is used as feedstock, resulting in deteriorated digestion performance. The operational experience of conventional anaerobic digestion cannot be applied to this situation. To investigate the feature of low-organic-content sludge digestion and explain its intrinsic mechanism, batch experiments were conducted using designed feedstock having volatile solids (VS) contents that were 30-64% of total solids (TS). The results showed that the accumulative biogas yield declined proportionally from 173.7 to 64.8 ml/g VS added and organic removal rate decreased from 34.8 to 11.8% with decreasing VS/TS in the substrate. The oligotrophic environment resulting from low-organic-content substrates led to decreased microbial activity and a switch from butyric fermentation to propionic fermentation. A first-order model described the biogas production from the batch experiments very well, and the degradation coefficient decreased from 0.159 to 0.069 day-1, exhibiting a positive relation with organic content in substrate. The results observed here corroborated with data from published literature on anaerobic digestion of low-organic-content sludge and showed that it may not be feasible to recover energy from sludge with an organic content lower than 50% through mono digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huan Li
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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19
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Montecchio D, Astals S, Di Castro V, Gallipoli A, Gianico A, Pagliaccia P, Piemonte V, Rossetti S, Tonanzi B, Braguglia CM. Anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and waste activated sludge: ADM1 modelling and microbial analysis to gain insights into the two substrates' synergistic effects. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 97:27-37. [PMID: 31447024 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The reasons for the acidification problem affecting Food Waste (FW) anaerobic digestion were explored, combining the outcomes of microbiological data (FISH and CARD-FISH) and process modelling, based on the Anaerobic Digestion Model n°1 (ADM1). Long term semi continuous experiments were carried out, both with sole FW and with Waste Activated Sludge (WAS) as a co-substrate, at varying operational conditions (0.8-2.2 g VS L-1 d-1) and FW / WAS ratios. Acidification was observed along FW mono-digestion, making it necessary to buffer the digesters; ADM1 modelling and experimental results suggested that this phenomenon was due to the methanogenic activity decline, most likely related to a deficiency in trace elements. WAS addition, even at proportions as low as 10% of the organic load, settled the acidification issue; this ability was related to the promotion of the methanogenic activity and the consequent enhancement of acetate consumption, rather than to WAS buffering capacity. The ability of the ADM1 to model processes affected by low microbial activity, such as FW mono-digestion, was also assessed. It was observed that the ADM1 was only adequate for digestions with a high activity level for both bacteria and methanogens (FISH/CARD-FISH ratio preferably >0.8) and, under these conditions, the model was able to correctly predict the relative abundance of both microbial populations, extrapolated from FISH analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Montecchio
- Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque-CNR, Area della Ricerca RM1, 00015 Monterotondo (Roma), Italy.
| | - Sergi Astals
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vasco Di Castro
- Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque-CNR, Area della Ricerca RM1, 00015 Monterotondo (Roma), Italy; Department of Engineering, University "Campus Bio-medico" of Rome, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Agata Gallipoli
- Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque-CNR, Area della Ricerca RM1, 00015 Monterotondo (Roma), Italy
| | - Andrea Gianico
- Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque-CNR, Area della Ricerca RM1, 00015 Monterotondo (Roma), Italy
| | - Pamela Pagliaccia
- Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque-CNR, Area della Ricerca RM1, 00015 Monterotondo (Roma), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Piemonte
- Department of Engineering, University "Campus Bio-medico" of Rome, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Rossetti
- Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque-CNR, Area della Ricerca RM1, 00015 Monterotondo (Roma), Italy
| | - Barbara Tonanzi
- Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque-CNR, Area della Ricerca RM1, 00015 Monterotondo (Roma), Italy
| | - Camilla M Braguglia
- Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque-CNR, Area della Ricerca RM1, 00015 Monterotondo (Roma), Italy
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20
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González-González LM, Astals S, Pratt S, Jensen PD, Schenk PM. Impact of osmotic shock pre-treatment on microalgae lipid extraction and subsequent methane production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Wei W, Huang QS, Sun J, Dai X, Ni BJ. Revealing the Mechanisms of Polyethylene Microplastics Affecting Anaerobic Digestion of Waste Activated Sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9604-9613. [PMID: 31335125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) microplastics retained in sewage sludge inevitably enter the anaerobic digestion system. To date, no information has been reported on the mechanisms of PE microplastics affecting anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS). This study evaluated the mechanisms using batch and continuous tests. Short exposure to PE microplastics at lower levels (i.e., 10, 30, and 60 particles/g-TS) did not significantly affect the methane production, but higher levels of PE microplastics (i.e., 100 and 200 particles/g TS) significantly (P = 0.006 and 0.0003) decreased methane production by 12.4-27.5%, with a lower methane potential and hydrolysis coefficient. In continuous test over 130 days, feeding WAS with 200 particles PE microplastics/g TS decreased vs destruction by up to 27.3% (P = 2.18 × 10-18) and resulted in a 9.1% (P = 0.002) increase in the volume of digested sludge for disposal. Correspondingly, the microbial community was shifted in the direction against anaerobic digestion. A mechanisms study revealed that the negative effect of PE microplastics was likely attributed to the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) rather than the released acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate. The generation of ROS caused a 7.6-15.4% reduction of cell viability, thereby restraining sludge hydrolysis, acidification, and methanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
| | - Qi-Su Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
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22
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Romero-Güiza M, Zahedi S, Monsalvo V, Icaran P, Pijuan M. Nitrite and free nitrous acid sludge pre-treatments to enhance methane production in continuous anaerobic digestion: Comparing process performance and associated costs. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 95:526-534. [PMID: 31351638 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Secondary sludge pre-treatment with free nitrous acid (FNA) has been proven to enhance methane production during anaerobic digestion. However, it is still unclear if the same enhancement can be achieved only using nitrite, without sludge acidification. In this paper, secondary sludge was pre-treated during 5 h with nitrite within the range of 50-250 mg NO2--N/L at neutral pH (6.7). Results obtained from biochemical methane potential tests (BMPs) indicated that sludge pre-treatment at 150 mg NO2--N/L presented the best enhancement of methane production (24% as compared to the control). These conditions were used to pre-treat sludge added in a continuous lab-scale anaerobic digester that operated in parallel to another digester receiving sludge pre-treated with FNA (250 mg NO2--N/L at pH 5.5). Results showed a very similar performance in terms of methane enhancement in both reactors, indicating that sludge acidification is not needed to improve methane yield. A preliminary economic assessment also highlights the need for assessing real chemical costs and national power prices before the implementation of these pre-treatment steps as the associated benefits can significantly change depending on the country where the wastewater treatment plant is located.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maycoll Romero-Güiza
- Department of Innovation and Technology, FCC Aqualia, Balmes Street, 36, 6th Floor, 08007 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Soraya Zahedi
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit Street, 101, H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Victor Monsalvo
- Department of Innovation and Technology, FCC Aqualia, Balmes Street, 36, 6th Floor, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Icaran
- Department of Innovation and Technology, FCC Aqualia, Balmes Street, 36, 6th Floor, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maite Pijuan
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit Street, 101, H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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23
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Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) Assay Method for Anaerobic Digestion Research. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11050921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests are widely used for characterizing a substrate’s influence on the anaerobic digestion process. As of 2018, there continues to be a lack of standardization of units and techniques, which impacts the comparability and validity of BMP results. However, BMP methods continue to evolve, and key aspects are studied to further eliminate systematic errors. This paper aims to update these key aspects with the latest research progress both to introduce the importance of each variable to those new to BMP measurements and to show the complexity required to design an accurate BMP test.
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24
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Kavitha S, Kannah RY, Gunasekaran M, Nguyen DD, Al-Muhtaseb AH, Park JH, Banu JR. Effect of low intensity sonic mediated fragmentation of anaerobic granules on biosurfactant secreting bacterial pretreatment: Energy and mass balance analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 279:156-165. [PMID: 30716608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, fragmentation of anaerobic granules (AG) was carried out by low intensity sonification (LIS) to release its extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). The experimental outcome of the study shows that 30 s treatment time and 60 W sonic power was effective for fragmentation of AG. The fragmented anaerobic granules were further subjected to pretreatment by biosurfactant secreting bacteria. Bacterial pretreatment achieves a maximum biogranules lysis of 20.3% and biosolids reduction of 17.1% for fragmented anaerobic granules bacterial pretreatment (FAG-BP). Whereas for bacterial pretreatment (BP) alone, it achieves 10.9% and 8.6% of biogranules lysis and biosolids reduction respectively. Exponential first order kinetic model of biomethane production data revealed greater biomethane production for FAG-BP (0.247 g COD/g COD) than BP (0.131 g COD/g COD). Cost analysis of FAG mediated bacterial pretreatment results in a net profit of 48.606 USD/Ton.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Yukesh Kannah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Gunasekaran
- Department of Physics, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ala'a H Al-Muhtaseb
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Jeong-Hoon Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India.
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25
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Zhang L, Duan H, Ye L, Liu L, Batstone DJ, Yuan Z. Increasing capacity of an anaerobic sludge digester through FNA pre-treatment of thickened waste activated sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 149:406-413. [PMID: 30472542 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Free nitrous acid (FNA) pre-treatment has been previously demonstrated to be effective in enhancing methane production and volatile solids (VS) destruction in the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge for an equivalent hydraulic retention time (HRT). We hypothesise that, due to enhancement of hydrolysis kinetics, FNA pre-treatment will also allow reduction in the HRT while retaining performance. This would allow for improvement of capacity constrained digesters. Two anaerobic sludge digesters (control-experiment) were fed with the same thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) from a full-scale plant for 6 months. With 24 h pre-treatment of TWAS at an FNA concentration of 6.1 mgN/L (NO2-N = 250 mg/L, pH = 5.0, T = 25 °C), the HRT for the experimental anaerobic digester was progressively reduced from 15 days to 12 days and then to 7.5 days. In comparison, the control reactor was operated at a constant HRT of 15 days, representing typical loading conditions. With the shortened HRTs, the experimental AD reactor achieved VS destruction at 36.9 ± 0.8% (12 days) and 36.8 ± 1.0% (7.5 days), representing 30-40% relative increase in comparison to the control reactor (at 26.5 ± 0.8% and 28.3 ± 0.7%, respectively, in the same two periods). This was supported by a similar (31-35%) increase in the methane production per unit of VS fed. The volumetric methane production rate of the experimental digester was increased by 165% at HRT of 7.5 days compared with the control digester at HRT of 15 days. The results demonstrated that FNA pre-treatment of TWAS can substantially increase the capacity of an anaerobic sludge digester, with a highly favourable economic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Zhang
- Advanced Wastewater Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haoran Duan
- Advanced Wastewater Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Liu Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Damien J Batstone
- Advanced Wastewater Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Wastewater Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Prognostic Assessment of the Viability of Hydrothermal Liquefaction as a Post-Resource Recovery Step after Enhanced Biomethane Generation Using Co-Digestion Technologies. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8112290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In line with global efforts at encouraging paradigm transitions from waste disposal to resource recovery, the anaerobic co-digestion of substrates of wet hydrolyzed meat processing dissolved air flotation sludge and meat processing stock yard waste was investigated in the present study. It was demonstrated that the co-digestion of these substrates leads to the introduction of co-digestion synergizing effects. This study assessed biomethane potentials of the co-digestion of different substrate mixtures, with the preferred substrate mixture composed of stockyard waste and wet hydrolyzed meat processing dissolved air flotation sludge, present in a 4:1 ratio on a volatile solid mass basis. This co-digestion substrate mix ratio presented an experimentally determined cumulative biomethane potential of 264.13 mL/gVSadded (volatile solid). The experimentally determined cumulative biomethane potential was greater than the predicted maximum cumulative biomethane potential of 148.4 mL/gVSadded, anticipated from a similar substrate mixture if synergizing effects were non-existent. The viability of integrating a downstream hydrothermal liquefaction processing of the digestate residue from the co-digestion process, for enhanced resource recovery, was also initially assessed. Assessments were undertaken via the theoretical based estimation of the yields of useful products of biocrude and biochar obtainable from the hydrothermal liquefaction processing of the digestate residue. The environmental sustainability of the proposed integrated system of anaerobic digestion and hydrothermal liquefaction technologies was also initially assessed. The opportunity for secondary resource recovery from the digestate, via the employment of the hydrothermal liquefaction process and the dependence of the environmental sustainability of the integrated system on the moisture content of the digestate, were established. It is anticipated that the results of this study will constitute an invaluable basis for the future large-scale implementation of the proposed integrated system for enhanced value extraction from organic waste streams.
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Yap SD, Astals S, Lu Y, Peces M, Jensen PD, Batstone DJ, Tait S. Humic acid inhibition of hydrolysis and methanogenesis with different anaerobic inocula. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 80:130-136. [PMID: 30454992 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that humic acid (HA) is hampering the performance of anaerobic digesters treating animal manures and thermally-hydrolysed waste activated sludge. In the present study, HA inhibition and inhibition resilience was examined for hydrolysis (carbohydrate and protein) and acetotrophic methanogenesis with four distinct full-scale anaerobic inocula. The aim was to further understand HA inhibition and to explore potential relationships between microbial factors and inhibition resilience. For two of the four tested inocula, cellulose degradation showed a start-up delay that lengthened as HA concentration increased from 0 to 2 g L-1. This inhibition was reversible because, after the initial delay, subsequent hydrolysis rates and methane yields were not significantly influenced by HA concentration. Cellulose hydrolysis results at HA concentrations below 2 g L-1 support a threshold inhibition mechanism, i.e. HA complexes with hydrolytic enzymes preventing them from binding with cellulose, but once all the HA had been complexed, enzymes subsequently released are free to bind with cellulose. Inocula with higher cellulose hydrolytic activity were less affected by HA inhibition, suggesting a potential link between HA inhibition resilience and microbial activity. However, above 5 gHA L-1, cellulose hydrolysis rates decreased with increasing HA concentration; indicating that the mechanisms of inhibition may change depending on some threshold HA concentration. Protein hydrolysis and acetotrophic methanogenesis were less susceptible to HA inhibition than cellulose hydrolysis, since signs of inhibition were only observed above 5 gHA L-1. Acetotrophic methanogenesis was partially inhibited at 10 gHA L-1 and completely inhibited at 20 gHA L-1. These results further support that HA inhibition is selective towards particular enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Yap
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S Astals
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Y Lu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - M Peces
- Centre for Solid Waste Bioprocessing, Schools of Civil and Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - P D Jensen
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - D J Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S Tait
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Lu D, Xiao K, Chen Y, Soh YNA, Zhou Y. Transformation of dissolved organic matters produced from alkaline-ultrasonic sludge pretreatment in anaerobic digestion: From macro to micro. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 142:138-146. [PMID: 29864649 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soluble organic compounds released by alkaline (ALK), ultrasonic (ULS) and combined alkaline-ultrasonic (ALK-ULS) pretreatment as well as their transformation in the anaerobic digestion systems were investigated. The maximum methane production of 197.1 ± 3.0 mL CH4/g tCODfeed was observed with ALK-ULS pretreated sludge (pH 12 and specific energy input of 24 kJ/g TS). The combined treatment likely enhanced the sludge solubilization and produced more low molecular weight (LMW) substances, which were beneficial to improve the biogas generation rate. However, such pretreatment released not only easily biodegradable substances but also more recalcitrants, such as humic substances (HS) and complex high molecular weight (HMW) proteins. Thus, more residual dissolved organic matters (DOMs) were detected after digestion, which may pose adverse effects on the downstream water treatment. Refractory HS and hydrophobic dissolved organic carbon (HO DOC) were the main components of the residual DOMs, which accounted up to 35.0% and 22.3% respectively. At the molecular level, a large amount of residual polycyclic steroid-like matters, alkanes and aromatics were identified. Specific higher MW residual compounds, e.g. polar metabolites (like dipeptide, benzene and substituted derivatives), and non-polar lipids (like diacylglycerols, long chain fatty acids, alkenes, flavonoids, sphingolipids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids and their derivatives) were also identified. The results indicate that further polishing steps should be considered to remove the remaining soluble recalcitrant compounds. This study helps to understand the insight of sludge treatment from macro to micro level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Keke Xiao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yun Chen
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yan Ni Annie Soh
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore.
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Riungu J, Ronteltap M, van Lier JB. Build-up and impact of volatile fatty acids on E. coli and A. lumbricoides during co-digestion of urine diverting dehydrating toilet (UDDT-F) faeces. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 215:22-31. [PMID: 29550544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the potential of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides) eggs inactivation in faecal matter coming from urine diverting dehydrating toilets (UDDT-F) by applying high concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) during anaerobic stabilization. The impact of individual VFAs on E. coli and A. lumbricoides eggs inactivation in UDDT-F was assessed by applying various concentrations of store-bought acetate, propionate and butyrate. High VFA concentrations were also obtained by performing co-digestion of UDDT-F with organic market waste (OMW) using various mixing ratios. All experiments were performed under anaerobic conditions in laboratory scale batch assays at 35±1 °C. A correlation was observed between E. coli log inactivation and VFA concentration. Store bought VFA spiked UDDT-F substrates achieved E. coli inactivation up to 4.7 log units/day compared to UDDT-F control sample that achieved 0.6 log units/day. In co-digesting UDDT-F and organic market waste (OMW), a ND-VFA concentration of 4800-6000 mg/L was needed to achieve E. coli log inactivation to below detectable levels and complete A. lumbricoides egg inactivation in less than four days. E. coli and A. lumbricoides egg inactivation was found to be related to the concentration of non-dissociated VFA (ND-VFA), increasing with an increase in the OMW fraction in the feed substrate. Highest ND-VFA concentration of 6500 mg/L was obtained at a UDDT-F:OMW ratio 1:1, below which there was a decline, attributed to product inhibition of acidogenic bacteria. Results of our present research showed the potential for E. coli and A. lumbricoides inactivation from UDDT-F up to WHO standards by allowing VFA build-up during anaerobic stabilization of faecal matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Riungu
- Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Mariska Ronteltap
- Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jules B van Lier
- Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Sanitary Engineering Section, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1,2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
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Chen L, Tsui TH, Ekama GA, Mackey HR, Hao T, Chen G. Development of biochemical sulfide potential (BSP) test for sulfidogenic biotechnology application. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 135:231-240. [PMID: 29477061 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The determination of organics biodegradability and corresponding biodegradation kinetics provides valuable information on the optimal design and operation of anaerobic biotechnology especially for sulfidogenesis. This study proposes a deterministic method, i.e. a biochemical sulfide potential (BSP) test, and compares it to the conventional biochemical methane potential (BMP) test in terms of their ability to characterize sulfate-laden organic waste biodegradability. It demonstrated 1.48 times higher degradation of volatile suspended solids (VSS) and 2.60 times more chemical oxygen demand (COD) conversion in its major metabolites than the BMP test. Moreover, it required only four days to complete, compared to the 35 days required by the BMP test. Through the two-substrate first-order hydrolysis model, it was revealed that the shortened time was attributed to the enhanced degradation rates from both readily (eight times) and slowly (nearly 10 times) biodegradable organic substrates in the BSP test compared with the BMP test for the same sulfate-laden organic waste. The findings highlight the inappropriateness of the BMP test to sulfidogenic applications due to the underestimated predictions of organic waste biodegradability and excessive time requirements. Furthermore, the ability of the BSP test to identify the average elemental composition (CxHyOzNaPbSc) of substrate biodegradable particulate organics (BPO) is explored and verified using a casein-based validation test. Using BPO elemental composition as the input variable, a BSP biochemical kinetic model is thereby developed to predict BSR performance and possible dynamic process control. Overall, this study demonstrates the applicability and advantages of the BSP test in sulfidogenic applications for characterization of organics biodegradability and identification of BPO average elemental composition, furthermore develops a process model utilizing the derived BPO average elemental composition to provide optimized reactor retention time and substrates feed mixture for optimum performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - To-Hung Tsui
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - George A Ekama
- Water Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hamish R Mackey
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China.
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31
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Wei W, Wang Q, Zhang L, Laloo A, Duan H, Batstone DJ, Yuan Z. Free nitrous acid pre-treatment of waste activated sludge enhances volatile solids destruction and improves sludge dewaterability in continuous anaerobic digestion. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 130:13-19. [PMID: 29190512 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has demonstrated that pre-treatment of waste activated sludge (WAS) with free nitrous acid (FNA i.e. HNO2) enhances the biodegradability of WAS, identified by a 20-50% increase in specific methane production in biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests. This suggests that FNA pre-treatment would enhance the destruction of volatile solids (VS) in an anaerobic sludge digester, and reduce overall sludge disposal costs, provided that the dewaterability of the digested sludge is not negatively affected. This study experimentally evaluates the impact of FNA pre-treatment on the VS destruction in anaerobic sludge digestion and on the dewaterability of digested sludge, using continuously operated bench-scale anaerobic digesters. Pre-treatment of full-scale WAS for 24 h at an FNA concentration of 1.8 mg NN/L enhanced VS destruction by 17 ± 1% (from 29.2 ± 0.9% to 34.2 ± 1.1%) and increased dewaterability (centrifuge test) from 12.4 ± 0.4% to 14.1 ± 0.4%. Supporting the VS destruction data, methane production increased by 16 ± 1%. Biochemical methane potential tests indicated that the final digestate stability was also improved with a lower potential from FNA treated digestate. Further, a 2.1 ± 0.2 log improvement in pathogen reduction was also achieved. With inorganic solids representing 15-22% of the full-scale WAS used, FNA pre-treatment resulted in a 16-17% reduction in the volume of dewatered sludge for final disposal. This results in significantly reduced costs as assessed by economic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Qilin Wang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia; Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew Laloo
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Haoran Duan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Damien J Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Bjerg-Nielsen M, Ward AJ, Møller HB, Ottosen LDM. Influence on anaerobic digestion by intermediate thermal hydrolysis of waste activated sludge and co-digested wheat straw. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 72:186-192. [PMID: 29174685 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyses time (30 and 60 min) and temperature (120-190 °C) effects of intermediate thermal hydrolysis (ITHP) in a two-step anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) with and without wheat straw as a co-substrate. Effects were analyzed by measuring biochemical methane potential for 60 days and assessing associated kinetic and chemical data. Compared to non-treatment, ITHP increased the secondary step methane yield from 52 to 222 L CH4 kg VS-1 and from 147 to 224 L CH4 kg VS-1 for pre-digested WAS and pre-co-digested WAS respectively at an optimum of 170 °C and 30 min. The hydrolysis coefficients (khyd) increased by up to 127% following treatment. Increasing ITHP time from 30 to 60 min showed ambiguous results regarding methane yields, whilst temperature had a clear and proportional effect on the concentrations of acetic acid. The energy balances were found to be poor and dewatering to increase total solids above the values tested here is necessary for this process to be energetically feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bjerg-Nielsen
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, DK-8200 Aarhus N., Denmark.
| | - Alastair James Ward
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, DK-8200 Aarhus N., Denmark.
| | - Henrik Bjarne Møller
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, DK-8200 Aarhus N., Denmark.
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Wang Y, Wang D, Fang H. Comparison of enhancement of anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge through adding nano-zero valent iron and zero valent iron. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27181-27190. [PMID: 35540009 PMCID: PMC9083337 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05369c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of adding nano-zero valent iron (NZVI: 0.6, 1.0, 4.0, 10.0 g L−1) to enhance anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) was examined by comparison with ZVI, and the mechanisms of NZVI enhancement of the hydrolysis and methanogenesis processes were elucidated. NZVI could enhance hydrolysis–acidification of WAS by destroying the integrity of microbial cells. Both volatile fatty acids production and the acetic acid portion were greatly improved by NZVI additions, peaking at 4.0 g L−1 NZVI. In anaerobic digestion, CH4 production was promoted at a NZVI dosage ≤1.0 g L−1. The optimum dosage of NZVI for methanogenesis was 1.0 g L−1, and further addition of NZVI could cause inhibition of methanogenesis because of long-term accumulation of H2. ZVI could also improve hydrolysis–acidification and the CH4 yield, but its efficiency was relatively low compared with NZVI, and it could not induce cell wall rupture. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing results showed that NZVI addition at appropriate dosage facilitated increasing the proportion of microorganisms involved in WAS hydrolysis–acidification and methanogenesis. The feasibility of adding nano-zero valent iron to enhance anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge was studied by comparison with ZVI, and the mechanisms of NZVI enhancement of the hydrolysis and methanogenesis processes were elucidated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
| | - Duanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
| | - Huiying Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
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Ge H, Batstone DJ, Mouiche M, Hu S, Keller J. Nutrient removal and energy recovery from high-rate activated sludge processes - Impact of sludge age. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1155-1161. [PMID: 28863992 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated high-rate activated sludge treatment across a broad range of short solids retention times (SRT)s (0.5-3d) and found a strong SRT-outcome dependence for performance and subsequent anaerobic degradability of the sludge. Up to 50% total nitrogen, and 35% ammonia removal was also achieved at the longer SRTs, via partitioning rather than reaction. The aerobic SRT significantly affected the anaerobic degradability of the sludge produced (p<0.001), with degradability increasing from 66% to over 80% while reducing the SRT from 3d to 0.5d. This is higher than predicted by conventional models, likely due to additional mechanisms such as adsorption and storage, not included in these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huoqing Ge
- AWMC, Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Damien J Batstone
- AWMC, Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, PO Box 8000, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | | | - Shihu Hu
- AWMC, Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jurg Keller
- AWMC, Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, PO Box 8000, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Charnier C, Latrille E, Jimenez J, Torrijos M, Sousbie P, Miroux J, Steyer JP. Fast ADM1 implementation for the optimization of feeding strategy using near infrared spectroscopy. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 122:27-35. [PMID: 28587913 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of feeding strategy is an essential issue of anaerobic co-digestion that can be greatly assisted with simulation tools such as the Anaerobic Digestion Model 1. Using this model, a set of parameters, such as the biochemical composition of the waste to be digested, its methane production yield and kinetics, has to be defined for each new substrate. In the recent years, near infrared analyses have been reported as a fast and accurate solution for the estimation of methane production yield and biochemical composition. However, the estimation of methane production kinetics requires time-consuming analysis. Here, a partial least square regression model was developed for a fast and efficient estimation of methane production kinetics using near infrared spectroscopy on 275 bio-waste samples. The development of this characterization reduces the time of analysis from 30 days to a matter of minutes. Then, biochemical composition and methane production yield and kinetics predicted by near infrared spectroscopy were implemented in a modified Anaerobic Digestion Model n°1 in order to simulate the performance of anaerobic digestion processes. This approach was validated using different data sets and was demonstrated to provide a powerful predictive tool for advanced control of anaerobic digestion plants and feeding strategy optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Charnier
- LBE, INRA, 102 Av. des Etangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France; BioEnTech, 74 Av. Paul Sabatier, F-11100 Narbonne, France.
| | - Eric Latrille
- LBE, INRA, 102 Av. des Etangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France.
| | - Julie Jimenez
- LBE, INRA, 102 Av. des Etangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France.
| | | | | | - Jérémie Miroux
- BioEnTech, 74 Av. Paul Sabatier, F-11100 Narbonne, France.
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36
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Mašić A, Srinivasan S, Billeter J, Bonvin D, Villez K. Identification of Biokinetic Models Using the Concept of Extents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:7520-7531. [PMID: 28365992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of a wide array of process technologies to enable the shift from conventional biological wastewater treatment processes to resource recovery systems is matched by an increasing demand for predictive capabilities. Mathematical models are excellent tools to meet this demand. However, obtaining reliable and fit-for-purpose models remains a cumbersome task due to the inherent complexity of biological wastewater treatment processes. In this work, we present a first study in the context of environmental biotechnology that adopts and explores the use of extents as a way to simplify and streamline the dynamic process modeling task. In addition, the extent-based modeling strategy is enhanced by optimal accounting for nonlinear algebraic equilibria and nonlinear measurement equations. Finally, a thorough discussion of our results explains the benefits of extent-based modeling and its potential to turn environmental process modeling into a highly automated task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Mašić
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sriniketh Srinivasan
- Laboratoire d'Automatique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Billeter
- Laboratoire d'Automatique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Bonvin
- Laboratoire d'Automatique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kris Villez
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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37
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Wei W, Zhou X, Xie GJ, Duan H, Wang Q. A novel free ammonia based pretreatment technology to enhance anaerobic methane production from primary sludge. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2245-2252. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC); The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Xu Zhou
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC); The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Guo-Jun Xie
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC); The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Haoran Duan
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC); The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Qilin Wang
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC); The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Griffith School of Engineering & Centre for Clean Environment and Energy; Griffith University; Brisbane Queensland Australia
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38
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Montecchio D, Gallipoli A, Gianico A, Mininni G, Pagliaccia P, Braguglia CM. Biomethane potential of food waste: modeling the effects of mild thermal pretreatment and digestion temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:1452-1464. [PMID: 27600950 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1233293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to enhance anaerobic biodegradability of food waste (FW), thermal pretreatment was applied. The effectiveness in terms of biodegradability extent and process rate improvement was investigated. To this aim, Biomethane Potential tests were carried out under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The IWA anaerobic digestion Model 1 (ADM1), a powerful tool for modeling the anaerobic digestion (AD) of different substrates, was implemented to predict the methane production. Disintegration constant (k_dis) and maximum acetate uptake rate (km_ac) were identified as the most sensitive parameters and were calibrated over the observed methane production. Pretreatment improvement was more evident in enhancing parameters related to the process rate, such as solubilization extent (+153%) and disintegration constant (+18%), rather than increasing substrate biodegradability. Thermophilic conditions proved to be effective in speeding up the whole AD process, since all the kinetics were significantly improved (disintegration rate increased up to fivefold). Furthermore, it was demonstrated that, after k_dis and km_ac calibration, default thermophilic ADM1 parameters can be suitable to model FW digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Montecchio
- a Water Research Institute , IRSA - CNR, Area della Ricerca RM1 , Roma , Italy
| | - A Gallipoli
- a Water Research Institute , IRSA - CNR, Area della Ricerca RM1 , Roma , Italy
| | - A Gianico
- a Water Research Institute , IRSA - CNR, Area della Ricerca RM1 , Roma , Italy
| | - G Mininni
- a Water Research Institute , IRSA - CNR, Area della Ricerca RM1 , Roma , Italy
| | - P Pagliaccia
- a Water Research Institute , IRSA - CNR, Area della Ricerca RM1 , Roma , Italy
| | - C M Braguglia
- a Water Research Institute , IRSA - CNR, Area della Ricerca RM1 , Roma , Italy
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39
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Yap SD, Astals S, Jensen PD, Batstone DJ, Tait S. Indigenous microbial capability in solid manure residues to start-up solid-phase anaerobic digesters. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 64:79-87. [PMID: 28302526 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Batch solid-phase anaerobic digestion is a technology for sustainable on-farm treatment of solid residues, but is an emerging technology that is yet to be optimised with respect to start-up and inoculation. In the present study, spent bedding from two piggeries (site A and B) were batch digested at total solids (TS) concentration of 5, 10 and 20% at mesophilic (37°C) and thermophilic (55°C) temperatures, without adding an external inoculum. The results showed that the indigenous microbial community present in spent bedding was able to recover the full methane potential of the bedding (140±5 and 227±6L CH4 kgVSfed-1 for site A and B, respectively), but longer treatment times were required than for digestion with an added external inoculum. Nonetheless, at high solid loadings (i.e. TS level>10%), the digestion performance was affected by chemical inhibition due to ammonia and/or humic acid. Thermophilic temperatures did not influence digestion performance but did increase start-up failure risk. Further, inoculation of residues from the batch digestion to subsequent batch enhanced start-up and achieved full methane potential recovery of the bedding. Inoculation with liquid residue (leachate) was preferred over a solid residue, to preserve treatment capacity for fresh substrate. Overall, the study highlighted that indigenous microbial community in the solid manure residue was capable of recovering full methane potential and that solid-phase digestion was ultimately limited by chemical inhibition rather than lack of suitable microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Yap
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - S Astals
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - P D Jensen
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - D J Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - S Tait
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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40
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Kannah RY, Kavitha S, Rajesh Banu J, Yeom IT, Johnson M. Synergetic effect of combined pretreatment for energy efficient biogas generation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 232:235-246. [PMID: 28236758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Physiochemical disintegration of waste activated biosolids (WAB) through thermochemical (TC) pretreatment requires high energy and cost for efficient energy generation. Therefore in the present study, an attempt has been made to enhance the biodegrdability and to minimize the operational cost of TC pretreatment by combining it with ozonation. A higher solubilization of about 30.4% was achieved at lesser energy input of about 141.02kJ/kgTS and a ozone dosage of about 0.0012mgO3/mgSS through this combined thermo chemo ozone (TCO3) pretreatment. The methane production potential (0.32gCOD/gCOD) of TCO3 pretreatment was comparatively higher than the (0.19gCOD/gCOD) TC pretreatment. The energetic analysis and economic assessment of the proposed method of pretreatment can possibly reduces the energy requirement of TC pretreatment with a positive net profit of about 35.49$/ton of biosolids.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yukesh Kannah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Campus of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Campus of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Campus of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India.
| | - Ick Tae Yeom
- Graduate School of Water Resource, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - M Johnson
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology, St Xavier's College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, India
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41
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Latif MA, Mehta CM, Batstone DJ. Influence of low pH on continuous anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 113:42-49. [PMID: 28187349 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The influence of low pH on single stage continuous anaerobic digestion was evaluated, with the goal of increasing soluble phosphorus (P) concentration to mitigate in-reactor P precipitation. This was performed at pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0 using 1 L stirred-tank mesophilic reactors fed with sewage waste activated sludge. Low pH (5.5) caused a significant (p < 0.01) increase in soluble P concentration up to 79% of the total P, while methane yield was reduced by 50%. Total volatile fatty acids and soluble chemical oxygen demand concentrations increased from 40 to 504 mg L-1 and 600 to 2017 mg L-1 respectively, as the pH was reduced from 7.0 to 5.5. Higher concentrations of propionic acid (370-430 mg L-1) were found at low pH (5.5). The reduction in methane yield was associated with a shift in microbial community and decreased destruction of particulate organics. Acidogens dominated at low pH (< 6.0), while methanogens decreased by 88% at pH 5.5 compared to neutral pH. Apart from the loss in methanogenic and hydrolytic capacity, chemical needs for acid dosing to maintain low pH conditions, and other negative impacts of chemical dosing were identified as key limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Latif
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), Level 4, Gehrmann Bldg. (60), Research Road, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Chirag M Mehta
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), Level 4, Gehrmann Bldg. (60), Research Road, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Damien J Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), Level 4, Gehrmann Bldg. (60), Research Road, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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42
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Nazari L, Yuan Z, Santoro D, Sarathy S, Ho D, Batstone D, Xu CC, Ray MB. Low-temperature thermal pre-treatment of municipal wastewater sludge: Process optimization and effects on solubilization and anaerobic degradation. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 113:111-123. [PMID: 28208104 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines the relationship between the degree of solubilization and biodegradability of wastewater sludge in anaerobic digestion as a result of low-temperature thermal pre-treatment. The main effect of thermal pre-treatment is the disintegration of cell membranes and thus solubilization of organic compounds. There is an established correlation between chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilization and temperature of thermal pre-treatment, but results of thermal pre-treatment in terms of biodegradability are not well understood. Aiming to determine the impact of low temperature treatments on biogas production, the thermal pre-treatment process was first optimized based on an experimental design study on waste activated sludge in batch mode. The optimum temperature, reaction time and pH of the process were determined to be 80 °C, 5 h and pH 10, respectively. All three factors had a strong individual effect (p < 0.001), with a significant interaction effect for temp. pH2 (p = 0.002). Thermal pre-treatments, carried out on seven different municipal wastewater sludges at the above optimum operating conditions, produced increased COD solubilization of 18.3 ± 7.5% and VSS reduction of 27.7 ± 12.3% compared to the untreated sludges. The solubilization of proteins was significantly higher than carbohydrates. Methane produced in biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests, indicated initial higher rates (p = 0.0013) for the thermally treated samples (khyd up to 5 times higher), although the ultimate methane yields were not significantly affected by the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Nazari
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Eng., Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Zhongshun Yuan
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Eng., Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Eng., Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada; Trojan Technologies, London, ON, N5V 4T7, Canada
| | - Siva Sarathy
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Eng., Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada; Trojan Technologies, London, ON, N5V 4T7, Canada
| | - Dang Ho
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Eng., Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada; Trojan Technologies, London, ON, N5V 4T7, Canada
| | - Damien Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Chunbao Charles Xu
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Eng., Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Madhumita B Ray
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Eng., Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada.
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43
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Oh YK, Park CH, Han GB. Enhancement of anaerobic co-digestion in acidogenic (ACIDO-DR) and methanogenic (METHA-DR) digester system. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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Ushani U, Kavitha S, Johnson M, Yeom IT, Banu JR. Upgrading the hydrolytic potential of immobilized bacterial pretreatment to boost biogas production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:813-826. [PMID: 27757748 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7819-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, surfactant dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate (DOSS)-mediated immobilized bacterial pretreatment of waste activated sludge (WAS) was experimentally proved to be an efficient and economically feasible process for enhancing the biodegradability of WAS. The maximal floc disruption with negligible cell cleavage was achieved at surfactant dosage of 0.009 g/g SS. Results of the outcome of bacterial pretreatment of sludge biomass revealed that chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilization for deflocculated (EPS removed-bacterially pretreated) sludge was 20 %, which was higher than that of flocculated (14 %) or control (5 %). The pretreatment was swift in deflocculated sludge with a rate constant of about 0.064 h-1. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay resulted in significant methane yield at 0.24 gCOD/gCOD for deflocculated sludge. Economic assessment of the proposed method showed a net profit of about 57.39 USD/ton of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ushani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, 627007, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, 627007, India
| | - M Johnson
- St. Xavier College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Ick Tae Yeom
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, 627007, India.
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45
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Nitrite addition to acidified sludge significantly improves digestibility, toxic metal removal, dewaterability and pathogen reduction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39795. [PMID: 28004811 PMCID: PMC5177897 DOI: 10.1038/srep39795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sludge management is a major issue for water utilities globally. Poor digestibility and dewaterability are the main factors determining the cost for sludge management, whereas pathogen and toxic metal concentrations limit beneficial reuse. In this study, the effects of low level nitrite addition to acidified sludge to simultaneously enhance digestibility, toxic metal removal, dewaterability and pathogen reduction were investigated. Waste activated sludge (WAS) from a full-scale waste water treatment plant was treated at pH 2 with 10 mg NO2--N/L for 5 h. Biochemical methane potential tests showed an increase in the methane production of 28%, corresponding to an improvement from 247 ± 8 L CH4/kg VS to 317 ± 1 L CH4/kg VS. The enhanced removal of toxic metals further increased the methane production by another 18% to 360 ± 6 L CH4/kg VS (a total increase of 46%). The solids content of dewatered sludge increased from 14.6 ± 1.4% in the control to 18.2 ± 0.8%. A 4-log reduction for both total coliforms and E. coli was achieved. Overall, this study highlights the potential of acidification with low level nitrite addition as an effective and simple method achieving multiple improvements in terms of sludge management.
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46
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Kjerstadius H, de Vrieze J, la Cour Jansen J, Davidsson Å. Detection of acidification limit in anaerobic membrane bioreactors at ambient temperature. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 106:429-438. [PMID: 27760410 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High-volume, low-strength industrial wastewaters constitute a large potential for biogas production, which could be realized by membrane bioreactors operating at the ambient temperature of the wastewater. However, the start-up of low-temperature anaerobic processes using unadapted inoculum can be sensitive to overloading, which results in acidification. This study assessed if a novel acidification limit test can be used to identify stable organic loading rates as well as process over-loading. The test is based on easy-to-apply batch experiments for determination of the hydrolysis rate constant and the specific methanogenic activity of the acetotrophic and hydrogenotrophic pathways. For evaluation, two anaerobic membrane bioreactors, treating synthetic dairy wastewater at an ambient temperature of 24 °C, were used with a slow or a rapid start-up regime, respectively. Tests for hydrolysis rate and methanogenic activity were performed throughout the experiment and were used to calculate acidification limits for each system throughout the start-up. The acidification limit test was able to successfully identify both stable operation of one reactor and process failure of the other reactor as the organic loading rate increased. The reactor failure was caused by over-loading the acetotrophic pathway and coincided with microbial changes observed in real-time PCR and moving window analysis. Overall, the acidification limit tests seem promising as an easy applicable method for estimating what organic loading rate can be utilized, without risking acidification of anaerobic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamse Kjerstadius
- Water and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Jo de Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jes la Cour Jansen
- Water and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Davidsson
- Water and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
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47
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Dennehy C, Lawlor PG, Croize T, Jiang Y, Morrison L, Gardiner GE, Zhan X. Synergism and effect of high initial volatile fatty acid concentrations during food waste and pig manure anaerobic co-digestion. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 56:173-180. [PMID: 27389859 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion of food waste (FW) and pig manure (PM) was undertaken in batch mode at 37°C in order to identify and quantify the synergistic effects of co-digestion on the specific methane yield (SMY) and reaction kinetics. The effects of the high initial volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in PM on synergy observed during co-digestion, and on kinetic modelling were investigated. PM to FW mixing ratios of 1/0, 4/1, 3/2, 2/3, 1/4 and 0/1 (VS basis) were examined. No VFA or ammonia inhibition was observed. The highest SMY of 521±29ml CH4/gVS was achieved at a PM/FW mixing ratio of 1/4. Synergy in terms of both reaction kinetics and SMY occurred at PM/FW mixing ratios of 3/2, 2/3 and 1/4. Initial VFA concentrations did not explain the synergy observed. Throughout the study the conversion of butyric acid was inhibited. Due to the high initial VFA content of PM, conventional first order and Gompertz models were inappropriate for determining reaction kinetics. A dual pooled first order model was found to provide the best fit for the data generated in this study. The optimal mixing ratio in terms of both reaction kinetics and SMY was found at a PM/FW mixing ratio of 1/4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Dennehy
- Civil Engineering, College of Engineering & Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peadar G Lawlor
- Teagasc, Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomas Croize
- Agro Paris Tech, 16 Rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yan Jiang
- Civil Engineering, College of Engineering & Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Liam Morrison
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gillian E Gardiner
- Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Xinmin Zhan
- Civil Engineering, College of Engineering & Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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48
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Romero-Güiza MS, Mata-Alvarez J, Chimenos JM, Astals S. The effect of magnesium as activator and inhibitor of anaerobic digestion. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 56:137-142. [PMID: 27402564 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion stands as a key technology in the emerging green energy economy. Mg(2+) has been identified as an important element to improve digesters methane production; however the inhibition risk that high Mg(2+) concentrations can cause to the AD process must also be considered when dosing Mg reagents and wastes containing Mg(2+). Despite its importance, Mg(2+) stimulation and inhibition mechanisms as well as threshold values are scarce in the literature. This research paper investigates the impact (stimulation and inhibition) of Mg(2+) on pig manure anaerobic digestion. Mathematical modelling was used to better understand the interaction between substrate, inoculum and magnesium, where Mg(2+) inhibition was modelled by a n-component non-competitive inhibition function. Modelling was done on absolute curves rather than specific methane productions curves (new approach) to account for the lower background methane production of the inoculum as the Mg(2+) concentration increased. Results showed that no stimulation or inhibition occurred between 40 (native concentration) and 400mgMg(2+)L(-1), while minor and major inhibition were observed at 750 and 1000mgMg(2+)L(-1), and at 2000 and 4000mgMg(2+)L(-1), respectively. Mg(2+) half maximal inhibition concentration was estimated at 2140mgMg(2+)L(-1) with an inhibition order of 2. The latter indicates that Mg(2+) inhibition is a progressive rather than a steep inhibition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Romero-Güiza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Mata-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Chimenos
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Astals
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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49
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Arnell M, Astals S, Åmand L, Batstone DJ, Jensen PD, Jeppsson U. Modelling anaerobic co-digestion in Benchmark Simulation Model No. 2: Parameter estimation, substrate characterisation and plant-wide integration. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 98:138-146. [PMID: 27088248 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion is an emerging practice at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to improve the energy balance and integrate waste management. Modelling of co-digestion in a plant-wide WWTP model is a powerful tool to assess the impact of co-substrate selection and dose strategy on digester performance and plant-wide effects. A feasible procedure to characterise and fractionate co-substrates COD for the Benchmark Simulation Model No. 2 (BSM2) was developed. This procedure is also applicable for the Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1). Long chain fatty acid inhibition was included in the ADM1 model to allow for realistic modelling of lipid rich co-substrates. Sensitivity analysis revealed that, apart from the biodegradable fraction of COD, protein and lipid fractions are the most important fractions for methane production and digester stability, with at least two major failure modes identified through principal component analysis (PCA). The model and procedure were tested on bio-methane potential (BMP) tests on three substrates, each rich on carbohydrates, proteins or lipids with good predictive capability in all three cases. This model was then applied to a plant-wide simulation study which confirmed the positive effects of co-digestion on methane production and total operational cost. Simulations also revealed the importance of limiting the protein load to the anaerobic digester to avoid ammonia inhibition in the digester and overloading of the nitrogen removal processes in the water train. In contrast, the digester can treat relatively high loads of lipid rich substrates without prolonged disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Arnell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), Division of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation (IEA), Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden; SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Gjuterigatan 1D, SE-582 73, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Sergi Astals
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia.
| | - Linda Åmand
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 210 60, SE-100 31, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Damien J Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia.
| | - Paul D Jensen
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia.
| | - Ulf Jeppsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), Division of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation (IEA), Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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50
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Ebner JH, Labatut RA, Lodge JS, Williamson AA, Trabold TA. Anaerobic co-digestion of commercial food waste and dairy manure: Characterizing biochemical parameters and synergistic effects. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 52:286-294. [PMID: 27090232 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of commercial food waste is a promising alternative to landfilling commercial food waste. This study characterized 11 types of commercial food wastes and 12 co-digestion blends. Bio-methane potential, biodegradable fraction, and apparent first-order hydrolysis rate coefficients were reported based upon biochemical methane potential (BMP) assays. Food waste bio-methane potentials ranged from 165 to 496 mL CH4/g VS. Substrates high in lipids or readily degradable carbohydrates showed the highest methane production. Average bio-methane potential observed for co-digested substrates was -5% to +20% that of the bio-methane potential of the individual substrates weighted by VS content. Apparent hydrolysis rate coefficients ranged from 0.19d(-1) to 0.65d(-1). Co-digested substrates showed an accelerated apparent hydrolysis rate relative to the weighted average of individual substrate rates. These results provide a database of key bio-digestion parameters to advance modeling and utilization of commercial food waste in anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline H Ebner
- Golisano Institute for Sustainability, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, United States
| | - Rodrigo A Labatut
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Santiago, Chile
| | - Jeffrey S Lodge
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, United States
| | - Anahita A Williamson
- Golisano Institute for Sustainability, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, United States; New York State Pollution Prevention Institute, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, United States
| | - Thomas A Trabold
- Golisano Institute for Sustainability, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, United States.
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