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Bai L, Xu Y, Pan T, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Xu J. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists and Risk of Neuropsychiatric Entities: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:844-854.e9. [PMID: 36473625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) are commonly prescribed to patients with allergic diseases. Several case reports and pharmacovigilance studies have indicated that LTRAs might increase the risk of neuropsychiatric (NP) entities. However, the results are mixed in observational studies. Thus, the association between LTRAs and NP entities remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To quantitatively evaluate the NP risk with LTRAs based on current observational studies to provide a reference for clinical practice. METHODS We systematically reviewed the literature in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PsycINFO. A meta-analysis of observational studies that investigated the association between LTRA use and the risk of NP entities was performed. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to measure the effect; heterogeneity was evaluated using I-squared (I2) statistics. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess bias. RESULTS Eleven articles were included in the primary analysis. No significant association was found between LTRA use and NP entities (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.93-1.24, I2 = 93.7%). In patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), a mildly increased NP risk was found (OR: 1.099, 95% CI: 1.004-1.202). The association between LTRA use and NP entities was not significant in patients with asthma (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.90-1.26). LTRAs increased the risk of NP entities in a single study using data from an asthma clinic (OR: 9.00, 95% CI: 1.20-69.50), but not in studies from databases (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.93-1.23). CONCLUSION At the population level, LTRAs and NP entities were unrelated. However, the association may exist in particular groups (eg, patients with AR or NP history). Subject-specific studies are required to further examine the relationship between LTRAs and NP entities and identify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Bai
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingyu Pan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianmei Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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El-Kashef DH, Zaghloul RA. Ameliorative effect of montelukast against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity: Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Life Sci 2022; 304:120707. [PMID: 35690106 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Montelukast, a selective antagonist of type 1 cysteinyl-leukotriene receptors, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities. This study aimed to explore its hepatoprotective impact against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity compared to a standard hepatoprotective agent, silymarin. MAIN METHODS Twenty-four albino mice were used in this study, CCl4 (1 mL/kg of 1:1 v/v CCl4:olive oil) was singly injected in mice, and montelukast was administered in a dose of 10 mg/kg. KEY FINDINGS Results revealed that montelukast significantly improved CCl4-induced alterations in both structure and function of the liver, verified respectively through histopathology and by the reduced levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT upon comparison with CCl4. Also, montelukast prevented the induction of oxidative stress via decreasing hepatic MDA content and enhancing GSH levels. Moreover, montelukast produced a profound decrease in the levels of hepatic NLRP3 and its adaptor protein, ASC, and a reduction in the pro-inflammatory markers, NF-κB, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. In addition, montelukast markedly reduced liver fibrosis, as illustrated by Masson Trichrome, and the decreased hepatic levels of TGF-β and α-SMA. Furthermore, montelukast efficiently decreased apoptosis as manifested by the decreased hepatic level of Caspase 3. SIGNIFICANCE Montelukast protected against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity via exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia H El-Kashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Randa A Zaghloul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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3
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Fujimori K, Uno S, Kuroda K, Matsumoto C, Maehara T. Leukotriene C 4 synthase is a novel PPARγ target gene, and leukotriene C 4 and D 4 activate adipogenesis through cysteinyl LT1 receptors in adipocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119203. [PMID: 34968576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Leukotriene (LT) C4 synthase (LTC4S) catalyzes the conversion from LTA4 to LTC4, which is a proinflammatory lipid mediator in asthma and other inflammatory diseases. LTC4 is metabolized to LTD4 and LTE4, all of which are known as cysteinyl (Cys) LTs and exert physiological functions through CysLT receptors. LTC4S is expressed in adipocytes. However, the function of CysLTs and the regulatory mechanism in adipocytes remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of LTC4S and production of CysLTs in murine adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells and their underlying regulatory mechanisms. Expression of LTC4S and production of LTC4 and CysLTs increased during adipogenesis, whereas siRNA-mediated suppression of LTC4S expression repressed adipogenesis by reducing adipogenic gene expression. The CysLT1 receptor, one of the two LTC4 receptors, was expressed in adipocytes. LTC4 and LTD4 increased the intracellular triglyceride levels and adipogenic gene expression, and their enhancement was suppressed by co-treatment with pranlukast, a CysLT1 receptor antagonist. Moreover, the expression profiles of LTC4S gene/protein during adipogenesis resembled those of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ. LTC4S expression was further upregulated by treatment with troglitazone, a PPARγ agonist. Promoter-luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that PPARγ directly bound to the PPAR response element of the LTC4S gene promoter in adipocytes. These results indicate that the LTC4S gene expression was enhanced by PPARγ, and LTC4 and LTD4 activated adipogenesis through CysLT1 receptors in 3T3-L1 cells. Thus, LTC4S and CysLT1 receptors are novel potential targets for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Fujimori
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Saki Uno
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kuroda
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Chihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Toko Maehara
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
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4
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Camera M, Canzano P, Brambilla M, Rovati GE. Montelukast Inhibits Platelet Activation Induced by Plasma From COVID-19 Patients. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:784214. [PMID: 35211011 PMCID: PMC8863130 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.784214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes are important pro-inflammatory lipid mediators derived from the arachidonic acid metabolism. In particular, cysteinyl leukotrienes, namely LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 are involved in many of the principal features of asthma, while more recently they have also been implicated in cardiovascular diseases. COVID-19 is characterized by an overwhelming state of inflammation, sometimes resulting in an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Furthermore, severe COVID-19 patients present an endothelial cell damage characterized by a hyperinflammatory/procoagulant state and a widespread thrombotic disease. Leukotriene receptor antagonists, such as montelukast, have long been proven to have an efficacy in asthma, while more recently they have been suggested to have a protective role also in cardiovascular diseases. As elevated levels of LTE4 have been detected in bronchoalveolar lavage of COVID-19 patients, and montelukast, in addition to its anti-inflammatory properties, has been suggested to have a protective role in cardiovascular diseases, we decided to investigate whether this drug could also affect the platelet activation characteristic of COVID-19 syndrome. In this contribution, we demonstrate that montelukast inhibits platelet activation induced by plasma from COVID-19 patients by preventing the surface expression of tissue factor (TF) and P-selectin, reducing the formation of circulating monocyte– and granulocyte–platelet aggregates, and, finally, in completely inhibiting the release of TFpos-circulating microvesicles. These data suggest the repurposing of montelukast as a possible auxiliary treatment for COVID-19 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Camera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - G Enrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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5
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Williams KM, Pavletic SZ, Lee SJ, Martin PJ, Farthing DE, Hakim FT, Rose J, Manning-Geist BL, Gea-Banacloche JC, Comis LE, Cowen EW, Justus DG, Baird K, Cheng GS, Avila D, Steinberg SM, Mitchell SA, Gress RE. Prospective phase II trial of montelukast to treat bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after hematopoietic cell transplant and investigation into BOS pathogenesis. Transplant Cell Ther 2022; 28:264.e1-264.e9. [PMID: 35114411 PMCID: PMC9081205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a severe manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Montelukast interrupts cysteinyl leukotriene activity and may diminish the activation and homing of cells to bronchioles and subsequent fibrosis. OBJECTIVE We performed a prospective phase II trial to test whether montelukast altered lung decline for patients with BOS after HCT. STUDY DESIGN We performed a single arm, open-label, multi-institutional study with primary endpoints of: i) FEV1 stability or improvement (<15% decline) and ii) slope of FEV1<1 point decline after six months treatment. Secondary endpoints included symptom and functional response, and immune correlates investigating the role of leukotrienes in BOS progression. RESULTS 25 patients enrolled with moderate to severe lung disease after three months of stable cGVHD therapy. Montelukast was well-tolerated and no patient required escalation of BOS-directed therapy. At the primary endpoint, all evaluable patients (n=23) met criteria for treatment success using FEV1% predicted, and all but one had stable or improved FEV1 slope. In those with >5% FEV1 improvement, clinically meaningful improvements were seen in the Lee scores of breathing, energy, and mood. Improvements in the Human Activity Profile and 6-minute-walk test were observed in those with <5% FEV1 decline. Overall survival was 87% at two-years. Immune correlates showed elevated leukotriene receptor levels on blood eosinophils and monocytes vs. healthy controls, elevated urine leukotrienes in 45% of cohort, and cysteinyl leukotriene receptors on bronchoalveolar lavage subsets and a predominance of Th2 T cells, all pre-treatment. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that montelukast may safely halt progression of BOS after HCT and that leukotrienes may play a role in the biology of BOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Williams
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, 1760 Haygood Drive, 3rd floor W362, Atlanta GA, US, 30322.
| | - Steven Z Pavletic
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda MD, US, 20892
| | - Stephanie J Lee
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, Seattle, WA, US 98109
| | - Paul J Martin
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, Seattle, WA, US 98109
| | - Don E Farthing
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, US, 20892
| | - Frances T Hakim
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, US, 20892
| | - Jeremy Rose
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, US, 20892
| | - Beryl L Manning-Geist
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, US, 10065
| | - Juan C Gea-Banacloche
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Immunology, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, US, 20892
| | - Leora E Comis
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Edward W Cowen
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, 10 Center Dr, Room 12N240A, Bethesda, MD, US, 20892
| | - David G Justus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, US
| | - Kristin Baird
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Guang-Shing Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, US, 98109; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, Seattle, WA, US 98109
| | - Daniele Avila
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda MD, US, 20892
| | - Seth M Steinberg
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, US, 20892
| | - Sandra A Mitchell
- Outcomes Research Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda MD, US, 20892
| | - Ronald E Gress
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, US, 20892
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6
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Han B, Zhang YY, Ye ZQ, Xiao Y, Rasouli J, Wu WC, Ye SM, Guo XY, Zhu L, Rostami A, Wang LB, Zhang Y, Li X. Montelukast alleviates inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by altering Th17 differentiation in a mouse model. Immunology 2021; 163:185-200. [PMID: 33480040 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that is known to prevent allergic rhinitis and asthma. Blocking the Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLTR1), one of the primary receptors of leukotrienes, has been demonstrated to be efficacious in ameliorating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), through disrupting chemotaxis of infiltrating T cells. However, the role of CysLTR1 in the pathogenesis of MS is not well understood. Here, we show that MS patients had higher expression of CysLTR1 in the circulation and central nervous system (CNS). The majority of CD4+ T cells expressed CysLTR1 in MS lesions. Among T-cell subsets, Th17 cells had the highest expression of CysLTR1, and blocking CysLTR1 signalling abrogated their development in vitro. Inhibition of CysLTR1 by montelukast suppressed EAE development in both a prophylactic and therapeutic manner and inhibited myelin loss in EAE mice. Similarly, the in vivo results showed that montelukast inhibited Th17 response in EAE mice and that Th17 cells treated with montelukast had reduced encephalitogenic in adoptive EAE. Our findings strongly suggest that targeting Th17 response by inhibiting CysLTR1 signalling could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MS and CNS inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ze-Qing Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Javad Rasouli
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Su-Min Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Yue Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Li-Bin Wang
- The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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7
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Hoxha M, Tedesco CC, Quaglin S, Malaj V, Pustina L, Capra V, Evans JF, Sala A, Rovati GE. Montelukast Use Decreases Cardiovascular Events in Asthmatics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:611561. [PMID: 33519477 PMCID: PMC7838535 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.611561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes are proinflammatory mediators with a clinically established role in asthma and a human genetic and preclinical role in cardiovascular pathology. Given that cardiovascular disease has a critical inflammatory component, the aim of this work was to conduct an observational study to verify whether the use of a cysteinyl leukotriene antagonist, namely, montelukast, may protect asthmatic patients from a major cardiovascular event and, therefore, represent an innovative adjunct therapy to target an inflammatory component in cardiovascular disease. We performed an observational retrospective 3-year study on eight hundred adult asthmatic patients 18 years or older in Albania, equally distributed into two cohorts, exposed or nonexposed to montelukast usage, matched by age and gender according to information reported in the data collection. Patients with a previous history of myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke were excluded. In summary, 37 (4.6%) of the asthmatic patients, 32 nonexposed, and five exposed to montelukast suffered a major cardiovascular event during the 3-year observation period. All the cardiovascular events, in either group, occurred among patients with an increased cardiovascular risk. Our analyses demonstrate that, independent from gender, exposure to montelukast remained a significant protective factor for incident ischemic events (78% or 76% risk reduction depending on type of analysis). The event-free Kaplan–Meier survival curves confirmed the lower cardiovascular event incidence in patients exposed to montelukast. Our data suggest that there is a potential preventative role of montelukast for incident cardiac ischemic events in the older asthmatic population, indicating a comorbidity benefit of montelukast usage in asthmatics by targeting cysteinyl leukotriene-driven cardiac disease inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Hoxha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.,Department for Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacologicsal Evaluation of Drugs, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Silvana Quaglin
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Information, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Visar Malaj
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Valerie Capra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Jilly F Evans
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Angelo Sala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.,IBIM, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Enrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
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8
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Johnson AM, Kleczko EK, Nemenoff RA. Eicosanoids in Cancer: New Roles in Immunoregulation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:595498. [PMID: 33364964 PMCID: PMC7751756 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.595498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids represent a family of active biolipids derived from arachidonic acid primarily through the action of cytosolic phospholipase A2-α. Three major downstream pathways have been defined: the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway which produces prostaglandins and thromboxanes; the 5-lipoxygenase pathway (5-LO), which produces leukotrienes, lipoxins and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, and the cytochrome P450 pathway which produces epoxygenated fatty acids. In general, these lipid mediators are released and act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion through binding to cell surface receptors. The pattern of eicosanoid production is cell specific, and is determined by cell-specific expression of downstream synthases. Increased eicosanoid production is associated with inflammation and a panel of specific inhibitors have been developed designated non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In cancer, eicosanoids are produced both by tumor cells as well as cells of the tumor microenvironment. Earlier studies demonstrated that prostaglandin E2, produced through the action of COX-2, promoted cancer cell proliferation and metastasis in multiple cancers. This resulted in the development of COX-2 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents. However, cardiac toxicities associated with these agents limited their use as therapeutic agents. The advent of immunotherapy, especially the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized cancer treatment in multiple malignancies. However, the majority of patients do not respond to these agents as monotherapy, leading to intense investigation of other pathways mediating immunosuppression in order to develop rational combination therapies. Recent data have indicated that PGE2 has immunosuppressive activity, leading to renewed interest in targeting this pathway. However, little is known regarding the role of other eicosanoids in modulating the tumor microenvironment, and regulating anti-tumor immunity. This article reviews the role of eicosanoids in cancer, with a focus on their role in modulating the tumor microenvironment. While the role of PGE2 will be discussed, data implicating other eicosanoids, especially products produced through the lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 pathway will be examined. The existence of small molecular inhibitors and activators of eicosanoid pathways such as specific receptor blockers make them attractive candidates for therapeutic trials, especially in combination with novel immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raphael A. Nemenoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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9
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Song Q, Hu Z, Xie X, Cai H. Zafirlukast prevented ox-LDL-induced formation of foam cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 409:115295. [PMID: 33096109 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), a common arterial disease, is one of the main pathological roots of cardiovascular disease. The formation and accumulation of foam cells is an important event in early AS. An imbalance between cholesterol uptake and efflux is the primary cause of foam cell formation. Although research has focused on preventing the formation of foam cells, a safe and effective therapy has to be found. Zafirlukast is a widely useful type 1 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLT1R) antagonist with a good safety profile. Zafirlukast is the most used for the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis. However, the effect of zafirlukast on preventing the formation of foam cells has not been determined. The aim of this study was to investigate whether zafirlukast prevented macrophages from transforming into foam cells. Our data show that zafirlukast reduced the expression of CD36 and lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), which are responsible for lipid uptake. In addition, zafirlukast enhanced the activity of ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), leading to the acceleration of cholesterol efflux. Furthermore, zafirlukast influenced the activity of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which mediates the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1. In summary, our data indicate that zafirlukast might be a potential treatment strategy for AS by mediating lipid metabolism and preventing the formation of foam cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Song
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of vascular surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shanxi, China.
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10
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Funk CD, Ardakani A. A Novel Strategy to Mitigate the Hyperinflammatory Response to COVID-19 by Targeting Leukotrienes. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1214. [PMID: 32848802 PMCID: PMC7424064 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has wreaked havoc during the global pandemic of 2020 infecting millions and leaving over a half million dead. As a new virus, not previously in the human population, but with similarities to other coronaviruses causing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS/ARDS), and no known treatments, the race to re-purpose existing drugs and to enlist novel therapeutics is underway. In the half-year since the first cases, we have acquired substantial knowledge of this virus and the clinical course of COVID-19 progression. Results from early clinical trials have revealed two treatments (remdesivir, dexamethasone) that mitigate disease progression but clearly, there is much room for improvement. Initial case reports indicated many succumb to COVID-19 of hypoxic respiratory failure due to ARDS. However, ensuing studies revealed an atypical, immune cell-sequestered, vasculature-inflamed state leading to multiorgan thrombotic complications and end organ failure likely due to hyperinflammatory host responses. This Perspective focuses on a potential mechanism for a key COVID-19 disease progression turning point related to vascular and airway inflammation. The leukotriene lipid mediators have been overlooked with discussion centering on cytokine storms unleashing the deadly form of COVID-19. Leukotrienes possess some of the most potent known activities on immune cell trafficking and vascular leakage. We offer a simple treatment paradigm using two generic drugs targeting the hyperinflammatory response that characterizes the turning point from mild to severe/critical COVID-19 by targeting leukotriene biosynthesis with zileuton (Zyflo® controlled release formulation) and antagonism of the cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor with montelukast (Singulair®).
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin D Funk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Scientific Research Division, Novateur Ventures Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ali Ardakani
- Scientific Research Division, Novateur Ventures Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
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11
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Hormati A, Ahmadpour S, Afkhami Ardekani M, Khodadust F, Refahi S. Radioprotective effects of montelukast, a selective leukotriene CysLT1 receptor antagonist, against nephrotoxicity induced by gamma radiation in mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22479. [PMID: 32125029 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we evaluated the renal protective effects of montelukast (MLK) against ionizing radiation (IR) induced nephrotoxicity in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radioprotective effects of MLK were assessed by biochemical analysis including measurements of kidney malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and serum creatinine and urea levels. Besides, for further evaluation of protective effects of MLK on renal system, 99m Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been applied. The total antioxidant capacity of MLK was measured by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical reagents and compared with butylated hydroxyl toluene standard antioxidant. RESULTS The biochemical evaluation revealed that better results have been achieved for the groups administered with MLK than the only radiation group. Besides only IR-treated mice group, those treated with MLK demonstrated a significant decrease in urea and creatinine levels. Statistically, significant differences of MDA and SHG levels (P < .05) were found between the radiation group and MLK plus IR-treated group. Also, 99m Tc-DMSA kidney uptake value (%ID/g) was observed lower for MLK plus IR-treated mice group than only radiation-treated mice group. CONCLUSIONS According to our findings, MLK has a potential role to be used as a renal protective agent against gamma radiation in radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hormati
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Disease Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.,Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Ahmadpour
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Disease Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Afkhami Ardekani
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Para-Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandare Abbas, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khodadust
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Soheila Refahi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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12
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Luginina A, Gusach A, Marin E, Mishin A, Brouillette R, Popov P, Shiriaeva A, Besserer-Offroy É, Longpré JM, Lyapina E, Ishchenko A, Patel N, Polovinkin V, Safronova N, Bogorodskiy A, Edelweiss E, Hu H, Weierstall U, Liu W, Batyuk A, Gordeliy V, Han GW, Sarret P, Katritch V, Borshchevskiy V, Cherezov V. Structure-based mechanism of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor inhibition by antiasthmatic drugs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax2518. [PMID: 31633023 PMCID: PMC6785256 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled cysteinyl leukotriene receptor CysLT1R mediates inflammatory processes and plays a major role in numerous disorders, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Selective CysLT1R antagonists are widely prescribed as antiasthmatic drugs; however, these drugs demonstrate low effectiveness in some patients and exhibit a variety of side effects. To gain deeper understanding into the functional mechanisms of CysLTRs, we determined the crystal structures of CysLT1R bound to two chemically distinct antagonists, zafirlukast and pranlukast. The structures reveal unique ligand-binding modes and signaling mechanisms, including lateral ligand access to the orthosteric pocket between transmembrane helices TM4 and TM5, an atypical pattern of microswitches, and a distinct four-residue-coordinated sodium site. These results provide important insights and structural templates for rational discovery of safer and more effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Luginina
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Gusach
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Egor Marin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Alexey Mishin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Rebecca Brouillette
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Petr Popov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Anna Shiriaeva
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Élie Besserer-Offroy
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Longpré
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Elizaveta Lyapina
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Andrii Ishchenko
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Nilkanth Patel
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Vitaly Polovinkin
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nadezhda Safronova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Andrey Bogorodskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Evelina Edelweiss
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Uwe Weierstall
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Alexander Batyuk
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Valentin Gordeliy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
- Juelich Center for Structural Biology, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Institute of Crystallography, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gye Won Han
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Valentin Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Juelich Center for Structural Biology, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Zhou J, Lai W, Yang W, Pan J, Shen H, Cai Y, Yang C, Ma N, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Xie X, Dong Z, Gao Y, Du C. BLT1 in dendritic cells promotes Th1/Th17 differentiation and its deficiency ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:1047-1056. [PMID: 29670278 PMCID: PMC6269524 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) synthesis is enhanced in the colonic mucosa in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). BLT1, a high-affinity receptor for LTB4, exhibits no effect on the progression of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, which mostly relies on innate immunity. Here, we reported that BLT1 regulates trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis, which reflects CD4+ T-cell-dependent adaptive immune mechanisms of IBD. We found that BLT1 signaling enhanced the progression of colitis through controlling the production of proinflammatory cytokines by dendritic cells (DCs) and modulating the differentiation of Th1 and Th17. BLT1-/- mice displayed an alleviated severity of TNBS-induced colitis with reduced body weight loss and infiltrating cells in the lamina propria. BLT1 deficiency in DCs led to reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-12, and these results were further confirmed via treatment with a BLT1 antagonist. The impaired cytokine production by BLT1-/- DCs subsequently led to reduced Th1 and Th17 differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. We further performed a conditional DC reconstitution experiment to assess whether BLT1 in DCs plays a major role in regulating the pathogenesis of TNBS-induced colitis, and the results indicate that BLT1 deficiency in DCs also significantly reduces disease severity. The mechanistic study demonstrated that BLT1-regulated proinflammatory cytokine production through the Gαi βγ subunit-phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ)-PKC pathway. Notably, we found that treatment with the BLT1 antagonist also reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines by human peripheral blood DCs. Our findings reveal the critical role of BLT1 in regulating adaptive immunity and TNBS-induced colitis, which further supports BLT1 as a potential drug target for adaptive immunity-mediated IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhou
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Weiming Lai
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wanjie Yang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Juping Pan
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji University branch, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hu Shen
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji University branch, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yingying Cai
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Cuixia Yang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ningjia Ma
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhongjun Dong
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100086, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Changsheng Du
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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14
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Sala A, Proschak E, Steinhilber D, Rovati GE. Two-pronged approach to anti-inflammatory therapy through the modulation of the arachidonic acid cascade. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:161-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Hoxha M, Lewis-Mikhael AM, Bueno-Cavanillas A. Potential role of leukotriene receptor antagonists in reducing cardiovascular and cerbrovascular risk: A systematic review of human clinical trials and in vivo animal studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:956-965. [PMID: 30119268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukotrienes are important lipid mediators of inflammation arising from arachidonic acid cascade. They are implicated in vascular inflammation and produced in different pathologic conditions as atherosclerosis, stroke and myocardial infarction. Different studies have investigated the role of leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) in reducing some cardiovascular events, especially in animals. We conducted a systematic review of both in vivo animal and human studies to determine the potential role of leukotriene receptor antagonist in reducing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. METHODS Data sources: Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane database. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers independently screened potentially eligible articles and extracted relevant data. RESULTS A total of 28 studies were included, of which 26 were conducted in animals, and 2 in humans. CONCLUSIONS All animal studies reported that using a leukotriene receptor antagonist brings to a reduction of either myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or atherosclerosis risk. Similar results were obtained from two clinical trials on humans, suggesting a potential role of montelukast in reducing some cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Hoxha
- Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Department of Chemical- Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, Tirana, Albania; Università degli studi di Milano, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Via Balzaretti, 9-20133, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosantiaria, IBS Granada, Spain; Ciber of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
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16
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Chin WK, Lee SWH. A systematic review on the off-label use of montelukast in atopic dermatitis treatment. Int J Clin Pharm 2018; 40:963-976. [DOI: 10.1007/s11096-018-0655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Drug discovery approaches targeting 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) for inhibition of cellular leukotriene biosynthesis. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 153:34-48. [PMID: 28784429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes are proinflammatory lipid mediators associated with diverse chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma, COPD, IBD, arthritis, atherosclerosis, dermatitis and cancer. Cellular leukotrienes are produced from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in which the 5-lipoxygenase activating protein, also named as FLAP, plays a critical role by operating as a regulatory protein for efficient transfer of arachidonic acid to 5-lipoxygenase. By blocking leukotriene production, FLAP inhibitors may behave as broad-spectrum leukotriene modulators, which might be of therapeutic use for chronic inflammatory diseases requiring anti-leukotriene therapy. The early development of FLAP inhibitors (i.e. MK-886, MK-591, BAY-X-1005) mostly concentrated on asthma cure, and resulted in promising readouts in preclinical and clinical studies with asthma patients. Following the recent elucidation of the 3D-structure of FLAP, development of new inhibitor chemotypes is highly accelerated, eventually leading to the evolution of many un-drug-like structures into more drug-like entities such as AZD6642 and BI665915 as development candidates. The most clinically advanced FLAP inhibitor to date is GSK2190918 (formerly AM803) that has successfully completed phase II clinical trials in asthmatics. Concluding, although there are no FLAP inhibitors reached to the drug approval phase yet, due to the rising number of indications for anti-LT therapy such as atherosclerosis, FLAP inhibitor development remains a significant research field. FLAP inhibitors reviewed herein are classified into four sub-classes as the first-generation FLAP inhibitors (indole and quinoline derivatives), the second-generation FLAP inhibitors (diaryl-alkanes and biaryl amino-heteroarenes), the benzimidazole-containing FLAP inhibitors and other FLAP inhibitors with polypharmacology for easiness of the reader. Hence, we meticulously summarize how FLAP inhibitors historically developed from scratch to their current advanced state, and leave the reader with a positive view that a FLAP inhibitor might soon reach to the need of patients who may require anti-LT therapy.
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Hoxha M, Rovati GE, Cavanillas AB. The leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast and its possible role in the cardiovascular field. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 73:799-809. [PMID: 28374082 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-017-2242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) are pro-inflammatory mediators of the 5-lipooxygenase (5-LO) pathway, that play an important role in bronchoconstriction, but can also enhance endothelial cell permeability and myocardial contractility, and are involved in many other inflammatory conditions. In the late 1990s, leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) were introduced in therapy for asthma and later on, approved for the relief of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and urticaria. In addition, it has been shown that LTRAs may have a potential role in preventing atherosclerosis progression. PURPOSE The aims of this short review are to delineate the potential cardiovascular protective role of a LTRA, montelukast, beyond its traditional use, and to foster the design of appropriate clinical trials to test this hypothesis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS What it is known about leukotriene receptor antagonists? •Leukotriene receptor antagonist, such as montelukast and zafirlukast, is used in asthma, COPD, and allergic rhinitis. • Montelukast is the most prescribed CysLT1 antagonist used in asthmatic patients. • Different in vivo animal studies have shown that leukotriene receptor antagonists can prevent the atherosclerosis progression, and have a protective role after cerebral ischemia. What we still need to know? • Today, there is a need for conducting clinical trials to assess the role of montelukast in reducing cardiovascular risk and to further understand the mechanism of action behind this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Hoxha
- Department of Chemical, Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Rruga. D. Hoxha, Tirana, Albania.
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9-20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - G Enrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Bueno Cavanillas
- IBS Granada, University of Granada, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada, Spain
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Belanger KK, Ameredes BT, Boldogh I, Aguilera-Aguirre L. The Potential Role of 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase-Driven DNA Base Excision Repair in Exercise-Induced Asthma. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3762561. [PMID: 27524866 PMCID: PMC4976190 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3762561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by reversible airway narrowing, shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and other symptoms driven by chronic inflammatory processes, commonly triggered by allergens. In 90% of asthmatics, most of these symptoms can also be triggered by intense physical activities and severely exacerbated by environmental factors. This condition is known as exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Current theories explaining EIA pathogenesis involve osmotic and/or thermal alterations in the airways caused by changes in respiratory airflow during exercise. These changes, along with existing airway inflammatory conditions, are associated with increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) affecting important biomolecules including DNA, although the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. One of the most abundant oxidative DNA lesions is 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), which is repaired by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) during the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Whole-genome expression analyses suggest a cellular response to OGG1-BER, involving genes that may have a role in the pathophysiology of EIA leading to mast cell degranulation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and bronchoconstriction. Accordingly, this review discusses a potential new hypothesis in which OGG1-BER-induced gene expression is associated with EIA symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- KarryAnne K. Belanger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Bill T. Ameredes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Sealy Center for Environmental Health and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Sealy Center for Environmental Health and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Leopoldo Aguilera-Aguirre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Yaddaden L, Véronneau S, Thompson MD, Rola-Pleszczynski M, Stankova J. Cellular signalling of cysteinyl leukotriene type 1 receptor variants CysLT₁-G300S and CysLT₁-I206S. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 105:1-8. [PMID: 26869085 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinyl-leukotrienes are pro-inflammatory lipid mediators, involved in allergic asthma, that bind the G-protein-coupled receptors CysLT1, CysLT2 and GPR99. A polymorphism in one of these receptors, CysLT1-G300S was strongly associated with atopy, whereas the CysLT1-I206S polymorphism was not. In the present work, our aim was to characterize these two variants by studying their cellular signalling. Cell surface expression of mutant receptors in transfected HEK-293 cells was comparable to that of the wild-type receptor. Compared to CysLT1-WT, production of inositol phosphates as well as IL-8 and IL-13 promoter transactivation in response to either LTD4 or LTC4 was significantly increased in CysLT1-G300S-transfected cells. Moreover, LTD4-induced phosphorylation of the signalling effector Erk, but not p38, p65 or c-Jun was higher in CysLT1-G300S-transfected cells. On the other hand, the variant CysLT1-I206S did not show a significant difference in its signal transduction compared to the wild-type receptor. Taken together, our results indicate that the variant CysLT1-G300S can induce a greater signal than the CysLT1-WT receptor, a feature that may be relevant to its association with atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louiza Yaddaden
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Steeve Véronneau
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Miles D Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marek Rola-Pleszczynski
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Jana Stankova
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4.
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Sinha S, Sravanthi TV, Yuvaraj S, Manju SL, Doble M. 2-Amino-4-aryl thiazole: a promising scaffold identified as a potent 5-LOX inhibitor. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra28187c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is a target for asthma and allergy treatment. Zileuton is the only marketed drug targeting this enzyme (IC50 ∼ 1 μM). The current study identifies a promising lead molecule which could be improved to match the activity of zileuton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Madras
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - T. V. Sravanthi
- Department of Chemistry
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore
- India
| | - S. Yuvaraj
- Department of Chemistry
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore
- India
| | - S. L. Manju
- Department of Chemistry
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore
- India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Madras
- India
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Singh S, Veeraswamy G, Bhattarai D, Goo JI, Lee K, Choi Y. Recent Advances in the Development of Pharmacologically Active Compounds that Contain a Benzoxazole Scaffold. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarbjit Singh
- College of Pharmacy; Dongguk University-Seoul; Republic of Korea
| | - Gajulapati Veeraswamy
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology; Korea University-Seoul; Republic of Korea
| | - Deepak Bhattarai
- College of Pharmacy; Dongguk University-Seoul; Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Il Goo
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology; Korea University-Seoul; Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Dongguk University-Seoul; Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Choi
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology; Korea University-Seoul; Republic of Korea
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Tahan F, Celik S, Eke Gungor H. Effect of montelukast on clinical score and cytokine levels of infants for clinically diagnosed acute bronchiolitis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2015; 43:376-82. [PMID: 25575728 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute bronchiolitis comprises a major cause for morbidity in infants with viral infection which induces an immune inflammatory response that may produce long lasting harmful effects. Currently, there is no effective therapy for bronchiolitis. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the efficacy of five-day montelukast therapy in acute bronchiolitis management. METHODS The study included 50 infants with acute bronchiolitis. The infants with first episode of acute bronchiolitis were randomly assigned to receive daily montelukast dose of 4mg over five days after admission or no treatment. Plasma eotaxin, IL-4, IL-8 and IFN-gamma levels were evaluated before and after treatment by ELISA method. In the present study, the primary outcome measure was change in clinical severity score, whilst secondary outcome measures were changes in plasma eotaxin, IL-4, IL-8, IFN-gamma levels. RESULTS No significant differences was found in clinical severity score with five-day montelukast treatment (p>0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). There were no significant differences in plasma eotaxin, IL-4, IL-8, IFN-gamma levels between the groups (p>0.05 Mann-Whitney U test). There was significant decrease in plasma IFN-gamma levels following five-day montelukast treatment (p=0.027, Wilcoxon). There were no significant differences in plasma IL-4, IL-8, IFN-gamma levels between the groups after five-day montelukast treatment (p>0.05, Wilcoxon). There was significant increase in eotaxin levels after five-day montelukast treatment (p=0.009, Wilcoxon). CONCLUSION Our study showed that montelukast affected plasma IFN-gamma and eotaxin levels after five days of treatment. Further studies are needed to demonstrate effects of montelukast on chemokine levels in bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Tahan
- Erciyes University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Celik
- Erciyes University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hatice Eke Gungor
- Erciyes University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
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Liu M, Yokomizo T. The role of leukotrienes in allergic diseases. Allergol Int 2015; 64:17-26. [PMID: 25572555 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs), both LTB4 and the cysteinyl LTs (CysLTs) LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4, are implicated in a wide variety of inflammatory disorders. These lipid mediators are generated from arachidonic acid via multistep enzymatic reactions through which arachidonic acid is liberated from membrane phospholipids through the action of phospholipase A2. LTB4 and CysLTs exert their biological effects by binding to cognate receptors, which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. LTB4 is widely considered to be a potent chemoattractant for most subsets of leukocytes, whereas CysLTs are potent bronchoconstrictors that have effects on airway remodeling. LTs play a central role in the pathogenesis of asthma and many other inflammatory diseases. This review will provide an update on the synthesis, biological function, and relevance of LTs to the pathobiology of allergic diseases, and examine the current and future therapeutic prospects of LT modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Bäck M, Powell WS, Dahlén SE, Drazen JM, Evans JF, Serhan CN, Shimizu T, Yokomizo T, Rovati GE. Update on leukotriene, lipoxin and oxoeicosanoid receptors: IUPHAR Review 7. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:3551-74. [PMID: 24588652 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous ligands for the LT, lipoxin (LX) and oxoeicosanoid receptors are bioactive products produced by the action of the lipoxygenase family of enzymes. The LT receptors BLT1 and BLT2 , are activated by LTB4 and the CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors are activated by the cysteinyl-LTs, whereas oxoeicosanoids exert their action through the OXE receptor. In contrast to these pro-inflammatory mediators, LXA4 transduces responses associated with the resolution of inflammation through the receptor FPR2/ALX (ALX/FPR2). The aim of the present review is to give a state of the field on these receptors, with focus on recent important findings. For example, BLT1 receptor signalling in cancer and the dual role of the BLT2 receptor in pro- and anti-inflammatory actions have added more complexity to lipid mediator signalling. Furthermore, a cross-talk between the CysLT and P2Y receptor systems has been described, and also the presence of novel receptors for cysteinyl-LTs, such as GPR17 and GPR99. Finally, lipoxygenase metabolites derived from ω-3 essential polyunsaturated acids, the resolvins, activate the receptors GPR32 and ChemR23. In conclusion, the receptors for the lipoxygenase products make up a sophisticated and tightly controlled system of endogenous pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bäck
- Nomenclature Subcommittee for Leukotriene Receptors, International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Wu SH, Liao PY, Chen XQ, Yin PL, Dong L. Add-on therapy with montelukast in the treatment of Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Pediatr Int 2014; 56:315-22. [PMID: 24299021 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggested that leukotrienes (LT) were involved in the pathogenesis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). This study investigated the efficacy of an add-on therapy with montelukast in the treatment of HSP. METHODS In this four-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel paired comparative study, 130 children with HSP were divided into two large groups: 84 patients without nephritis and 46 patients with nephritis. For each pair of patients with the same severity of disease, one subject was randomly allocated to one subgroup and the other allocated to the other subbroup; one subgroup received routine treatment plus placebo treatment, while the other subgroup received routine treatment plus montelukast treatment for 3 months. The efficacy was determined using Severity Scale Score (SSS). Blood eosinophil count, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), IgE, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, LTB4 , and urinary LTE4 were measured. RESULTS Add-on therapy with montelukast alleviated the symptoms of HSP including purpura, abdominal pain, stool occult blood, arthritis, proteinuria and hematuria, and, accordingly, shortened the length of hospital stay, and lowered blood eosinophil count, ECP, IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, LTB4 , and urinary LTE4 production, and also lowered the HSP relapse rate during the 3 months of treatment, but did not alter the outcome of nephritis at the end of follow up. CONCLUSIONS Add-on therapy with montelukast alleviated the symptoms of HSP. HSP may be improved by add-on therapy with a leukotriene receptor antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hua Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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27
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Duah E, Adapala RK, Al-Azzam N, Kondeti V, Gombedza F, Thodeti CK, Paruchuri S. Cysteinyl leukotrienes regulate endothelial cell inflammatory and proliferative signals through CysLT₂ and CysLT₁ receptors. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3274. [PMID: 24253666 PMCID: PMC3834363 DOI: 10.1038/srep03274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs), LTC₄, LTD₄, LTE₄ are potent inflammatory lipid mediators that act through two distinct G-protein-coupled receptors, CysLT₁R and CysLT₂R. Although cys-LTs are shown to induce vascular leakage and atherosclerosis, the molecular mechanism by which cys-LTs modulate endothelial function is not known. Here, we show that cys-LTs (LTC₄ and LTD₄) induce robust calcium influx in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) through CysLT₂R, but not CysLT₁R. Further, cys-LT treatment induced endothelial cell (EC) contraction leading to monolayer disruption via CysLT₂R/Rho kinase dependent pathway. Furthermore, stimulation with cys-LTs potentiated TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression and leukocyte recruitment to ECs through CysLT₂R. In contrast, we found that both LTC₄ and LTD₄ stimulated EC proliferation through CysLT₁R. Taken together, these results suggest that cys-LTs induce endothelial inflammation and proliferation via CysLT₂R/Rho kinase and CysLT₁R/Erk dependent pathways, respectively, which play critical role in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Duah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, OH 44325
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The efficacy of montelukast as a protective agent against 131I-induced salivary gland damage in rats. Nucl Med Commun 2013; 34:507-17. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e32835ffecd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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GRICE CHERYLA, FOURIE ANNEM, LEE-DUTRA ALICE. Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase: Biology, Inhibitors and Clinical Applications. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG DISCOVERY 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849735346-00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Leukotriene A4 hydrolase is a zinc-containing cytosolic enzyme with both hydrolase and aminopeptidase activity. LTA4H stereospecifically catalyzes the transformation of the unstable epoxide LTA4 to the potent pro-inflammatory mediator LTB4. Variations in the lta4h gene have been linked to susceptibility to multiple diseases including myocardial infarction, stroke and asthma. Pre-clinical animal models and human biomarker data have implicated LTB4 in inflammatory diseases. Several groups have now identified selective inhibitors of LTA4H, many of which were influenced by the disclosure of a protein crystal structure a decade ago. Clinical validation of LTA4H remains elusive despite the progression of inhibitors into pre-clinical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- CHERYL A. GRICE
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego California 92121 USA
| | - ANNE M. FOURIE
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego California 92121 USA
| | - ALICE LEE-DUTRA
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego California 92121 USA
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30
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Riccioni G, Bäck M. Leukotrienes as modifiers of preclinical atherosclerosis? ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:490968. [PMID: 22645425 PMCID: PMC3354776 DOI: 10.1100/2012/490968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical atherosclerosis represents a crucial period associated with several pathophysiological reactions in the vascular wall. Failure to diagnose preclinical atherosclerosis at this stage misses a major opportunity to prevent the long-term consequences of this disease. Surrogate biological and structural vascular markers are available to determine the presence and the extension of preclinical vascular injury in the general population. Examples of surrogate markers are carotid intima media thickness and biomarkers including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, cell adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinases, and leukotrienes. Recently, leukotrienes have been implicated as mediators, biomarkers, and possible therapeutic targets in the context of subclinical atherosclerosis. The aim of this short paper is to focus on the relation between preclinical atherosclerosis and leukotrienes, with particular attention to the recent development on the use of leukotriene modifiers in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Riccioni
- Cardiology Unit, San Camillo de Lellis Hospital, Manfredonia, Foggia, Italy.
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Hagar HH, Abd El Tawab R. Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonism alleviates renal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. J Surg Res 2012; 178:e25-34. [PMID: 22487384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal inflammation has an important role in the development of ischemia-reperfusion injury of the kidney. Cysteinyl leukotrienes have been implicated in many inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor blocker, zafirlukast, to alleviate renal dysfunction and injury in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS We induced renal ischemia for 45 min, followed by 24 h reperfusion. We gave zafirlukast at a dose of 20 mg/kg/d for 3 d before ischemia-reperfusion. At the end of the reperfusion (24 h), we collected blood samples to measure blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, tumor necrosis factor-α, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and nitrite/nitrate. We took kidney samples for histological and immunohistochemical assessment, and to measure malondialdehyde, glutathione content, and myeloperoxidase activity. RESULTS Induction of renal ischemia-reperfusion resulted into renal dysfunction, as indicated by elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, serum nitrite and nitrate, serum tumor necrosis factor-α, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. An oxidative stress marker, renal malondialdehyde concentration, was increased, whereas renal reduced glutathione content was decreased. Myeloperoxidase activity, suggestive of neutrophil infiltration, was elevated in renal tissues. Histological changes confirmed these biochemical changes, as did P-selectin overexpression in renal tissues subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. Administration of zafirlukast before ischemia-reperfusion improved renal functions and reduced serum levels of nitrite and nitrate, tumor necrosis factor-α, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, renal concentration of myeloperoxidase activity, and malondialdehyde concentration, whereas increased renal reduced glutathione concentration. Moreover, zafirlukast reduced histopathological features of tubular injury and P-selectin overexpression in both cortex and medulla. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that zafirlukast significantly reduces the severity of ischemic acute renal failure, probably via anti-inflammatory action, reduction of neutrophil infiltration into renal tissues, and oxidative stress subsequent to an attenuation of P-selectin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Hagar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Capra V, Bäck M, Barbieri SS, Camera M, Tremoli E, Rovati GE. Eicosanoids and Their Drugs in Cardiovascular Diseases: Focus on Atherosclerosis and Stroke. Med Res Rev 2012; 33:364-438. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Capra
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; University of Milan; Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Department of Cardiology and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Marina Camera
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; University of Milan; Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino; I.R.C.C.S Milan Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; University of Milan; Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino; I.R.C.C.S Milan Italy
| | - G. Enrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; University of Milan; Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan Italy
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Abstract
Urticaria and angioedema are common disorders that can severely impair the quality of a patient's life and can be extremely difficult to treat. Symptoms can persist for years to decades. The causes of urticaria and angioedema are varied and may be immunologic, nonimmunologic, or idiopathic. This article reviews the literature and provides primary care physicians with up-to-date information of the epidemiology, basic pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of this common and often debilitating condition. Additionally, clinical manifestations of acute and chronic urticaria, hereditary and acquired angioedema, as well as the physical urticarias will be discussed.
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Bäck M, Dahlén SE, Drazen JM, Evans JF, Serhan CN, Shimizu T, Yokomizo T, Rovati GE. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXIV: Leukotriene Receptor Nomenclature, Distribution, and Pathophysiological Functions. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:539-84. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Song H, Oh SR, Lee HK, Han G, Kim JH, Chang HW, Doh KE, Rhee HK, Choo HYP. Synthesis and evaluation of benzoxazole derivatives as 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:7580-5. [PMID: 20870413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is important enzyme in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, and is a potential target in the treatment of asthma and allergy. We designed and synthesized a series of benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles as 5-LOX inhibitors. Fourteen compounds prepared showed the inhibition of LTC4 formation with IC(50) value of 0.12-23.88 μM. Also two compounds 2d and 2g showed improved airway hypersensitiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunmin Song
- School of pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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The employment of leukotriene antagonists in cutaneous diseases belonging to allergological field. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20886028 PMCID: PMC2945673 DOI: 10.1155/2010/628171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are potent biological proinflammatory mediators. LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 are more frequently involved in chronic inflammatory responses and exert their actions binding to a cysteinyl-LT 1 (CysLT1) receptor and a cysteinyl-LT 2 (CysLT2) receptor. LTs receptor antagonists available for clinical use demonstrate high-affinity binding to the CysLT1 receptor. In this paper the employment of anti-LTs in allergic cutaneous diseases is analyzed showing that several studies have recently reported a beneficial effects of these agents (montelukast and zafirlukast as well as zileuton) for the treatment of some allergic cutaneous related diseases-like chronic urticaria and atopic eczema although their proper application remains to be established.
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Steib CJ, Bilzer M, op den Winkel M, Pfeiler S, Hartmann AC, Hennenberg M, Göke B, Gerbes AL. Treatment with the leukotriene inhibitor montelukast for 10 days attenuates portal hypertension in rat liver cirrhosis. Hepatology 2010; 51:2086-96. [PMID: 20512996 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The mechanisms underlying intrahepatic vasoconstriction are not fully elucidated. Here we investigated the Kupffer cell (KC)-dependent increase in portal pressure by way of actions of vasoconstrictive cysteinyl leukotrienes (Cys-LTs). Liver cirrhosis was induced in rats by bile duct ligation (BDL for 4 weeks; controls: sham-operation) and thioacetamide application (18 weeks). Infusion of leukotriene (LT) C(4) or LTD(4) in isolated perfused livers (20 nM, BDL and sham) demonstrated that LTC(4) is a more relevant vasoconstrictor. In BDL animals the Cys-LT(1) receptor inhibitor montelukast (1 microM) reduced the maximal portal perfusion pressure following LTC(4) or LTD(4) infusion. The infusion of LTC(4) or D(4) in vivo (15 microg/kg b.w.) confirmed LTC(4) as the more relevant vasoconstrictor. Activation of KCs with zymosan (150 microg/mL) in isolated perfused BDL livers increased the portal perfusion pressure markedly, which was attenuated by LT receptor blockade (Ly171883, 20 microM). Cys-LTs in the effluent perfusate increased with KC activation but less with additional blockade of KCs with gadolinium chloride (10 mg/kg body weight, 48 and 24 hours pretreatment). KCs were isolated from normal rat livers and activated with zymosan or lipopolysaccharide at different timepoints. This resulted in an increase in Cys-LT production that was not influenced by preincubation with montelukast (1 microM). Infusion of LTC(4) (20 nM) and the thromboxane analog U46619 (0.1 microM) further enhanced portal pressure, indicating additive effects. Treatment with montelukast for 10 days resulted in an impressive reduction in the basal portal pressure and an attenuation of the KC-dependent increase in portal pressure. CONCLUSION Activation of isolated KCs produced Cys-LTs. Infusion of Cys-LTs increased portal pressure and, vice versa, treatment with montelukast reduced portal pressure in rat liver cirrhosis. Therefore, montelukast may be of therapeutic benefit for patients with portal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Steib
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology and Hepatology), Liver Center Munich, University of Munich, Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
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Oxpholipin 11D: an anti-inflammatory peptide that binds cholesterol and oxidized phospholipids. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10181. [PMID: 20418958 PMCID: PMC2854715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many Gram-positive bacteria produce pore-forming exotoxins that contain a highly conserved, 12-residue domain (ECTGLAWEWWRT) that binds cholesterol. This domain is usually flanked N-terminally by arginine and C-terminally by valine. We used this 14-residue sequence as a template to create a small library of peptides that bind cholesterol and other lipids. Methodology/Results Several of these peptides manifested anti-inflammatory properties in a predictive in vitro monocyte chemotactic assay, and some also diminished the pro-inflammatory effects of low-density lipoprotein in apoE-deficient mice. The most potent analog, Oxpholipin-11D (OxP-11D), contained D-amino acids exclusively and was identical to the 14-residue design template except that diphenylalanine replaced cysteine-3. In surface plasmon resonance binding studies, OxP-11D bound oxidized (phospho)lipids and sterols in much the same manner as D-4F, a widely studied cardioprotective apoA-I-mimetic peptide with anti-inflammatory properties. In contrast to D-4F, which adopts a stable α-helical structure in solution, the OxP-11D structure was flexible and contained multiple turn-like features. Conclusion Given the substantial evidence that oxidized phospholipids are pro-inflammatory in vivo, OxP-11D and other Oxpholipins may have therapeutic potential.
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Moon TC, St Laurent CD, Morris KE, Marcet C, Yoshimura T, Sekar Y, Befus AD. Advances in mast cell biology: new understanding of heterogeneity and function. Mucosal Immunol 2010; 3:111-28. [PMID: 20043008 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2009.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are classically viewed as effector cells of IgE-mediated allergic diseases. However, over the last decade our understanding has been enriched about their roles in host defense, innate and adaptive immune responses, and in homeostatic responses, angiogenesis, wound healing, tissue remodeling, and immunoregulation. Despite impressive progress, there are large gaps in our understanding of their phenotypic heterogeneity, regulatory mechanisms involved, and functional significance. This review summarizes our knowledge of mast cells in innate and acquired immunity, allergic inflammation and tissue homeostasis, as well as some of the regulatory mechanisms that control mast cell development, phenotypic determination, and function, particularly in the context of mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Moon
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Cheng FC, Feng JJ, Chen KH, Imanishi H, Fujishima M, Takekoshi H, Naoki Y, Shimoda M. Receptor binding activities of Chlorella on cysteinyl leukotriene CysLT, glutamate AMPA, ion channels, purinergic P 2Y, tachykinin NK2 receptors and adenosine transporter. Phytother Res 2010; 24:43-8. [PMID: 19517465 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A Chlorella powder was tested in a total of 129 in vitro receptor binding assay systems. The results showed a potent inhibition of this powder on cysteinyl leukotriene CysLT2, and glutamate AMPA in a dose-concentration manner with IC(50) mean +/- SEM values of 20 +/- 4.5 microg/mL and 44 +/- 14 microg/mL, respectively. Other moderate and weak activities reflected in competitive binding experiments were seen versus adenosine transporter; calcium channel L-type, benzothiazepine; gabapentin; kainate, NMDA-glycine; inositol trisphosphate IP(3); cysteinyl CysLT(1), LTB(4); purinergic P(2Y); tachykinin NK(2); serotonin 5-HT(2B) and prostanoid, thromboxane A(2). Together, the results suggest that the various inhibitory effects of Chlorella powder in these receptor binding assays could reflect its actions in modulating Ca(2+)-dependent signal related targets and might be relevant to the mechanisms of its biological effects. These results reveal important potential biochemical activities that might be exploited for the prevention or treatment of several pathologies. From these results, the possible therapeutic usage of the product is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong-Chi Cheng
- MDS Pharma Services Taiwan Ltd, 158 Li-Teh Road, Peitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC.
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Daniele S, Lecca D, Trincavelli ML, Ciampi O, Abbracchio MP, Martini C. Regulation of PC12 cell survival and differentiation by the new P2Y-like receptor GPR17. Cell Signal 2010; 22:697-706. [PMID: 20056144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The P2Y-like receptor GPR17 has been reported to respond to both uracil nucleotides and cysteinyl-leukotrienes (cysLTs), such as UDP-glucose and LTD(4). Our previous data suggest a potential role for GPR17 in regulation of both cell viability and differentiation state of central nervous system cells. On this basis, in the present paper we investigated the effect of GPR17 receptor ligands on PC12 cell viability, following induction of morphological differentiation by nerve growth factor (NGF). In addition, the role of GPR17 ligands, either alone or in combination with growth factors, on the degree of PC12 cell differentiation was investigated. GPR17, which was not basally expressed in undifferentiated PC12 cells, was specifically induced by a 10day-treatment with NGF, suggesting a role in the control of neuronal specification. Both UDP-glucose and LTD(4), agonists at the nucleotide and cysLT GPR17 binding sites, respectively, induced a significant pro-survival effect on PC12 cells after priming with NGF. By in vitro silencing experiments with specific small interfering RNAs and by using receptor antagonists, we confirmed that the agonist effects are indeed mediated by the selective activation of GPR17. We also demonstrated that GPR17 agonists act, both alone and synergistically with NGF, to promote neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. In addition, GPR17 ligands were able to confer an NGF-like activity to the epidermal growth factor (EGF), that, under these experimental conditions, also promoted cell differentiation and neurite elongation. Finally, we show that GPR17 ligands activate the intracellular phosphorylation of both ERK 1/2 and p38 kinases, that have been identified as important signalling pathways for neurotrophins in PC12 cells. Our results establish GPR17 as a neurotrophic regulator for neuronal-like cells and suggest a possible interplay between endogenous uracil derivatives, cysLTs and NGF in the signalling pathways involved in neuronal survival and differentiation. They also represent the first direct demonstration, in a native system, that GPR17 can indeed be activated by uracil nucleotides and cysLTs, in line with what previously demonstrated in recombinant expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Daniele
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Ouyang Y, Kamijo A, Murata SI, Okamoto A, Endo S, Katoh R, Masuyama K. Expression of cysLT1 and cysLT2 receptor in chronic hyperplastic eosinophilic sinusitis. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2009; 42:191-6. [PMID: 20126572 PMCID: PMC2808502 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.09031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated production of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) from sinus tissues and abundant sinus eosinophils are characteristic features of chronic hyperplastic eosinophilic sinusitis (CHS). CysLTs exert their action through G-protein-coupled receptors named cysLTs receptor type I (cysLT1R) and type II (cysLT2R). These expressions of cysLT receptors in the sinus mucosa have yet to be clarified and the relationship between eosinophilia and the expression of these receptors remains obscure. We compared the expressions of cysLT1R and cysLT2R in the sinus mucosa in patients with CHS, non-eosinophilic chronic sinusitis (NECS), and control sinus tissues; and analyzed the correlation between the expression of CysLTRs and the presence of sinus eosinophils by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. A significantly higher percentage of eosinophils expressing cysLT2R protein was observed in patients with CHS compared with NECS and controls. In addition, cysLT2R mRNA expression in CHS was significantly higher than in NECS and controls. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between cysLT2R mRNA expression and the number of infiltrated eosinophils. In contrast, the cysLT1R mRNA expression did not differ significantly among these groups. The effect of cysLTs on sinus eosinophils may be mediated through the cysLT2R in patients with CHS. These results may suggest the therapeutic benefit of cysLT2R antagonists in CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Ouyang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
- Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Beijing Tongren Hospital
| | - Atsushi Kamijo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | - Shin-ichi Murata
- Department of Human Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | - Atsushi Okamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | - Shuichiro Endo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | - Ryohei Katoh
- Department of Human Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | - Keisuke Masuyama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
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Chebolu S, Wang Y, Ray AP, Darmani NA. Pranlukast prevents cysteinyl leukotriene-induced emesis in the least shrew (Cryptotis parva). Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 628:195-201. [PMID: 19941848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many chemotherapeutic agents activate multiple signaling systems, including potentially emetogenic arachidonic acid metabolites. Of these messengers, the emetic role of the leukotriene family has been neglected. The aims of this study were to test the emetic potential of key leukotrienes (LTA(4), LTB(4), LTF(4), and the cysteinyl leukotrienes LTC(4), LTD(4) and LTE(4)), and to investigate whether the leukotriene CysLT(1) receptor antagonist pranlukast or mixed leukotriene CysLT(1/2) receptor antagonist Bay u9773 can prevent the LTC(4)-induced emesis. Least shrews were injected with varying doses of one of the six tested leukotrienes and vomiting parameters were measured for 30min. LTC(4) and LTD(4) were most efficacious, and significantly increased both the frequency and percentage of animals vomiting at doses from 0.1 and 0.05mg/kg, respectively. The other tested leukotrienes were either weakly emetic or ineffective at doses up to 4mg/kg. The relative emetogenic activities of the cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC(4)=LTD(4)>LTE(4)) suggest that leukotriene CysLT(2) receptors have a key role in emesis. However, pranlukast dose-dependently, and at 10mg/kg completely, blocked LTC(4)-induced vomiting, implicating a leukotriene CysLT(1) receptor-mediated emetic effect. Bay u9773 dose-dependently reduced the percentage of animals vomiting, but did not significantly reduce vomiting frequency. Fos immunoreactivity, measured subsequent to LTC(4)-induced vomiting to define its putative anatomical substrates, was significantly increased in the enteric nervous system and medullary dorsal vagal complex following LTC(4) (P<0.05) versus vehicle injections. This study is the first to show that some leukotrienes induce emesis, possibly involving both central and peripheral leukotriene CysLT(1) and/or leukotriene CysLT(2) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seetha Chebolu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
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Capra V, Accomazzo MR, Gardoni F, Barbieri S, Rovati GE. A role for inflammatory mediators in heterologous desensitization of CysLT1 receptor in human monocytes. J Lipid Res 2009; 51:1075-84. [PMID: 19965602 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m003236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl-leukotrienes (cysteinyl-LT) are rapidly generated at sites of inflammation and, in addition to their role in asthma, rhinitis, and other immune disorders, are increasingly regarded as significant inflammatory factors in cancer, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular diseases. We recently demonstrated that in monocyte/macrophage-like U937 cells, extracellular nucleotides heterologously desensitize CysLT(1) receptor (CysLT(1)R)-induced Ca(2+) transients. Given that monocytes express a number of other inflammatory and chemoattractant receptors, this study was aimed at characterizing transregulation between these different stimuli. We demonstrate that in U937 cells and in primary human monocytes, a series of inflammatory mediators activating G(i)-coupled receptor (FPR1, BLT(1)) desensitize CysLT(1)R-induced Ca(2+) response unidirectionally through activation of PKC. Conversely, PAF-R, exclusively coupled to G(q), cross-desensitizes CysLT(1)R without the apparent involvement of any kinase. Interestingly, G(s)-coupled receptors (beta(2)AR, H(1/2)R, EP(2/4)R) are also able to desensitize CysLT(1)R response through activation of PKA. Heterologous desensitization seems to affect mostly the G(i)-mediated signaling of the CysLT(1)R. The hierarchy of desensitization among agonists may be important for leukocyte signal processing at the site of inflammation. Considering that monocytes/macrophages are likely to be the major source of cysteinyl-LT in many immunological and inflammatory processes, shedding light on how their receptors are regulated will certainly help to better understand the role of these cells in orchestrating this complex network of integrated signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Capra
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Feißt C, Pergola C, Rakonjac M, Rossi A, Koeberle A, Dodt G, Hoffmann M, Hoernig C, Fischer L, Steinhilber D, Franke L, Schneider G, Rådmark O, Sautebin L, Werz O. Hyperforin is a novel type of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor with high efficacy in vivo. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:2759-71. [PMID: 19579006 PMCID: PMC11115900 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that, in vitro, hyperforin from St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) inhibits 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), the key enzyme in leukotriene biosynthesis. Here, we demonstrate that hyperforin possesses a novel and unique molecular pharmacological profile as a 5-LO inhibitor with remarkable efficacy in vivo. Hyperforin (4 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly suppressed leukotriene B(4) formation in pleural exudates of carrageenan-treated rats associated with potent anti-inflammatory effectiveness. Inhibition of 5-LO by hyperforin, but not by the iron-ligand type 5-LO inhibitor BWA4C or the nonredox-type inhibitor ZM230487, was abolished in the presence of phosphatidylcholine and strongly reduced by mutation (W13A-W75A-W102A) of the 5-LO C2-like domain. Moreover, hyperforin impaired the interaction of 5-LO with coactosin-like protein and abrogated 5-LO nuclear membrane translocation in ionomycin-stimulated neutrophils, processes that are typically mediated via the regulatory 5-LO C2-like domain. Together, hyperforin is a novel type of 5-LO inhibitor apparently acting by interference with the C2-like domain, with high effectiveness in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Feißt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carlo Pergola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marija Rakonjac
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Andreas Koeberle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Dodt
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 4, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marika Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Hoernig
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lutz Fischer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lutz Franke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Frankfurt, Siesmayerstr. 70, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Frankfurt, Siesmayerstr. 70, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Olof Rådmark
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lidia Sautebin
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Bıber N, Toklu HZ, Solakoglu S, Gultomruk M, Hakan T, Berkman Z, Dulger FG. Cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast decreases blood–brain barrier permeability but does not prevent oedema formation in traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2009; 23:577-84. [DOI: 10.1080/02699050902926317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Riccioni G, Capra V, D'Orazio N, Bucciarelli T, Bazzano LA. Leukotriene modifiers in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 84:1374-8. [PMID: 18794213 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0808476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl-leukotrienes (Cys-LTs) and LTB4 are potent proinflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid through the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway, which exerts important pharmacological effects through their interaction with specific receptors: Cys-LT receptors (CysLT1 and CysLT2) and LTB4 receptors (BLT1 and BLT2). Published evidence justifies a broader role for LT receptor antagonists (LTRAs), in particular, montelukast, in the treatment of bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, and recently, in cardiocerebrovascular disease. The actions of Cys-LTs on the cardiovascular (CV) system are well-documented and include a broad array of activities with promising therapeutic targets in animal models exploring the use of selective 5-LO (or 5-LO-activating protein) inhibitors or dual LO-cycloxygenase-blocking agents in experimentally induced acute myocardial infarction. The picture that emerges from studies with LTRAs is more controversial at the moment, and some findings suggest a role for Cys-LTs in the extension of ischemic damage and in cardiac dysfunction during reperfusion; others do not. The aim of this short review is to summarize the state of present research about LT modifier treatment in CV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Riccioni
- Cardiology Unit San Camillo de Lellis Hospital, Manfredonia, Foggia, Italy.
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Altraja S, Kadai M, Rekker E, Altraja A. Synthesis of tenascin and laminin beta2 chain in human bronchial epithelial cells is enhanced by cysteinyl leukotrienes via CysLT1 receptor. Respir Res 2008; 9:44. [PMID: 18503712 PMCID: PMC2412865 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-9-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are key mediators of asthma, but their role in the genesis of airway remodeling is insufficiently understood. Recent evidence suggests that increased expression of tenascin (Tn) and laminin (Ln) β2 chain is indicative of the remodeling activity in asthma, but represents also an example of deposition of extracellular matrix, which affects the airway wall compliance. We tested the hypothesis that CysLTs affect production of Tn and Ln β2 chain by human bronchial epithelial cells and elucidated, which of the CysLT receptors, CysLT1 or CysLT2, mediate this effect. Methods Cultured BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated with leukotriene D4 (LTD4) and E4 (LTE4) and evaluated by immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, flow cytometry, and RT-PCR. CysLT receptors were differentially blocked with use of montelukast or BAY u9773. Results LTD4 and LTE4 significantly augmented the expression of Tn, whereas LTD4, distinctly from LTE4, was able to increase also the Ln β2 chain. Although the expression of CysLT2 prevailed over that of CysLT1, the up-regulation of Tn and Ln β2 chain by CysLTs was completely blocked by the CysLT1-selective antagonist montelukast with no difference between montelukast and the dual antagonist BAY u9773 for the inhibitory capacity. Conclusion These findings suggest that the CysLT-induced up-regulation of Tn and Ln β2 chain, an important epithelium-linked aspect of airway remodeling, is mediated predominantly by the CysLT1 receptor. The results provide a novel aspect to support the use of CysLT1 receptor antagonists in the anti-remodeling treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siiri Altraja
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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Shirasaki H. Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor CysLT1 as a novel therapeutic target for allergic rhinitis treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:415-23. [PMID: 18348678 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.12.4.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs) play an important role in allergic rhinitis because CysLT(1) receptor antagonists relieve the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. OBJECTIVE I overview the clinical pharmacology of CysLT(1) receptor antagonists and their potential role in patients with allergic rhinitis. METHODS I review the evidence regarding the release of cys-LTs and localization of CysLT(1) receptor on nasal mucosa, and evaluate the clinical efficacy of CysLT(1) receptor antagonist in allergic rhinitis. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Immunohistochemical studies show that in allergic rhinitis, the major target of CysLT(1) receptor antagonists are the vascular bed and infiltrated leukocytes such as mast cells, eosinophils and macrophages. CysLT(1) receptor antagonists provide a new opportunity for simultaneous management of allergic diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Shirasaki
- Sapporo Medical University, Department of Otolaryngology, S-1 W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
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Tahan F, Jazrawi E, Moodley T, Rovati GE, Adcock IM. Montelukast inhibits tumour necrosis factor-alpha-mediated interleukin-8 expression through inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB p65-associated histone acetyltransferase activity. Clin Exp Allergy 2008; 38:805-11. [PMID: 18325031 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.02963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Montelukast is a potent cysteinyl leukotriene-1 receptor antagonist possessing some anti-inflammatory effects although the molecular mechanism of these anti-inflammatory effects is unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of montelukast on nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-associated histone acetylation activity in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-differentiated U937 cells. METHODS We examined the inhibitory effects of montelukast on TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 production in PMA-differentiated U-937 cells. U-937 cells were exposed to PMA (50 ng/mL) for 48 h to allow differentiation to macrophages. Macrophages were then exposed to TNF-alpha (10 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of montelukast (0.01-10 microm) for 24 h. After this time, the concentration of IL-8 in the culture supernatant was measured by sandwich-type ELISA kit. The effect of signalling pathways on TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 release was examined pharmacologically using selective NF-kappaB/IKK2 (AS602868, 3 microm), (PD98059, 10 microm) and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) (SB203580, 1 microm) inhibitors. NF-kappaB DNA binding activity was measured by a DNA-binding ELISA-based assay. NF-kappaB-p65-associated histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity was measured by immunoprecipitation linked to commercial fluorescent HAT. RESULTS TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 release was suppressed by an NF-kappaB inhibitor but not by MEK or p38 MAPK inhibitors. Montelukast induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 release and mRNA expression that reached a plateau at 0.1 microm without affecting cell viability. Montelukast did not affect NF-kappaB p65 activation as measured by DNA binding but suppressed NF-kappaB p65-associated HAT activity. CONCLUSION Montelukast inhibits TNF-alpha-stimulated IL-8 expression through changes in NF-kappaB p65-associated HAT activity. Drugs targeting these enzymes may enhance the anti-inflammatory actions of montelukast.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tahan
- Department of Pediatric Allergy, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
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