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Imenez Silva PH, Pepin M, Figurek A, Gutiérrez-Jiménez E, Bobot M, Iervolino A, Mattace-Raso F, Hoorn EJ, Bailey MA, Hénaut L, Nielsen R, Frische S, Trepiccione F, Hafez G, Altunkaynak HO, Endlich N, Unwin R, Capasso G, Pesic V, Massy Z, Wagner CA. Animal models to study cognitive impairment of chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F894-F916. [PMID: 38634137 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00338.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its prevalence increases with progressive loss of kidney function. MCI is characterized by a decline in cognitive performance greater than expected for an individual age and education level but with minimal impairment of instrumental activities of daily living. Deterioration can affect one or several cognitive domains (attention, memory, executive functions, language, and perceptual motor or social cognition). Given the increasing prevalence of kidney disease, more and more people with CKD will also develop MCI causing an enormous disease burden for these individuals, their relatives, and society. However, the underlying pathomechanisms are poorly understood, and current therapies mostly aim at supporting patients in their daily lives. This illustrates the urgent need to elucidate the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets and test novel therapies in appropriate preclinical models. Here, we will outline the necessary criteria for experimental modeling of cognitive disorders in CKD. We discuss the use of mice, rats, and zebrafish as model systems and present valuable techniques through which kidney function and cognitive impairment can be assessed in this setting. Our objective is to enable researchers to overcome hurdles and accelerate preclinical research aimed at improving the therapy of people with CKD and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Imenez Silva
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Pepin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U-1018 Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Population, Équipe 5, Paris-Saclay University, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Villejuif, France
- Department of Geriatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Andreja Figurek
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Gutiérrez-Jiménez
- Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mickaël Bobot
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, and INSERM 1263, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1260, C2VN, Aix-Marseille Universitaire, Marseille, France
| | - Anna Iervolino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Mattace-Raso
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew A Bailey
- Edinburgh Kidney, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lucie Hénaut
- UR UPJV 7517, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Rikke Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy
| | - Gaye Hafez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande O Altunkaynak
- Department of Pharmacology, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Unwin
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy
- Biogem Research Institute, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Vesna Pesic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ziad Massy
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM UMRS 1018, Clinical Epidemiology Team, University Paris-Saclay, University Versailles-Saint Quentin, Villejuif, France
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Bhunia S, Kolishetti N, Vashist A, Yndart Arias A, Brooks D, Nair M. Drug Delivery to the Brain: Recent Advances and Unmet Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2658. [PMID: 38139999 PMCID: PMC10747851 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain cancers and neurodegenerative diseases are on the rise, treatments for central nervous system (CNS) diseases remain limited. Despite the significant advancement in drug development technology with emerging biopharmaceuticals like gene therapy or recombinant protein, the clinical translational rate of such biopharmaceuticals to treat CNS disease is extremely poor. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which separates the brain from blood and protects the CNS microenvironment to maintain essential neuronal functions, poses the greatest challenge for CNS drug delivery. Many strategies have been developed over the years which include local disruption of BBB via physical and chemical methods, and drug transport across BBB via transcytosis by targeting some endogenous proteins expressed on brain-capillary. Drug delivery to brain is an ever-evolving topic, although there were multiple review articles in literature, an update is warranted due to continued growth and new innovations of research on this topic. Thus, this review is an attempt to highlight the recent strategies employed to overcome challenges of CNS drug delivery while emphasizing the necessity of investing more efforts in CNS drug delivery technologies parallel to drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Bhunia
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Nagesh Kolishetti
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Arti Vashist
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Adriana Yndart Arias
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Deborah Brooks
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Gallego-Yerga L, Chiliquinga AJ, Peláez R. Novel Tetrazole Derivatives Targeting Tubulin Endowed with Antiproliferative Activity against Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11093. [PMID: 37446273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing awareness of the structure of microtubules has made tubulin a relevant target for the research of novel chemotherapies. Furthermore, the particularly high sensitivity of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells to microtubule disruption could open new doors in the search for new anti-GBM treatments. However, the difficulties in developing potent anti-tubulin drugs endowed with improved pharmacokinetic properties necessitates the expansion of medicinal chemistry campaigns. The application of an ensemble pharmacophore screening methodology helped to optimize this process, leading to the development of a new tetrazole-based tubulin inhibitor. Considering this scaffold, we have synthesized a new family of tetrazole derivatives that achieved remarkable antimitotic effects against a broad panel of cancer cells, especially against GBM cells, showing high selectivity in comparison with non-tumor cells. The compounds also exerted high aqueous solubility and were demonstrated to not be substrates of efflux pumps, thus overcoming the main limitations that are usually associated with tubulin binding agents. Tubulin polymerization assays, immunofluorescence experiments, and flow cytometry studies demonstrated that the compounds target tubulin and arrest cells at the G2/M phase followed by induction of apoptosis. The docking experiments agreed with the proposed interactions at the colchicine site and explained the structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gallego-Yerga
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Peláez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Nasyrova RF, Shnayder NA, Osipova SM, Khasanova AK, Efremov IS, Al-Zamil M, Petrova MM, Narodova EA, Garganeeva NP, Shipulin GA. Genetic Predictors of Antipsychotic Efflux Impairment via Blood-Brain Barrier: Role of Transport Proteins. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051085. [PMID: 37239445 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic (AP)-induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a current problem of biological and clinical psychiatry. Despite the development of new generations of APs, the problem of AP-induced ADRs has not been solved and continues to be actively studied. One of the important mechanisms for the development of AP-induced ADRs is a genetically-determined impairment of AP efflux across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We present a narrative review of publications in databases (PubMed, Springer, Scopus, Web of Science E-Library) and online resources: The Human Protein Atlas; GeneCards: The Human Gene Database; US National Library of Medicine; SNPedia; OMIM Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man; The PharmGKB. The role of 15 transport proteins involved in the efflux of drugs and other xenobiotics across cell membranes (P-gp, TAP1, TAP2, MDR3, BSEP, MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, MRP4, MRP5, MRP6, MRP7, MRP8, MRP9, BCRP) was analyzed. The important role of three transporter proteins (P-gp, BCRP, MRP1) in the efflux of APs through the BBB was shown, as well as the association of the functional activity and expression of these transport proteins with low-functional and non-functional single nucleotide variants (SNVs)/polymorphisms of the ABCB1, ABCG2, ABCC1 genes, encoding these transport proteins, respectively, in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). The authors propose a new pharmacogenetic panel "Transporter protein (PT)-Antipsychotic (AP) Pharmacogenetic test (PGx)" (PTAP-PGx), which allows the evaluation of the cumulative contribution of the studied genetic biomarkers of the impairment of AP efflux through the BBB. The authors also propose a riskometer for PTAP-PGx and a decision-making algorithm for psychiatrists. Conclusions: Understanding the role of the transportation of impaired APs across the BBB and the use of genetic biomarkers for its disruption may make it possible to reduce the frequency and severity of AP-induced ADRs, since this risk can be partially modified by the personalized selection of APs and their dosing rates, taking into account the genetic predisposition of the patient with SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina F Nasyrova
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint-Petersburg 192019, Russia
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry, Samara State Medical University, Samara 443016, Russia
| | - Natalia A Shnayder
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint-Petersburg 192019, Russia
- Shared Core Facilities "Molecular and Cell Technologies", V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Sofia M Osipova
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint-Petersburg 192019, Russia
| | - Aiperi K Khasanova
- Department of Psychiatry, Russian Medical Academy for Continual Professional Education, Moscow 125993, Russia
| | - Ilya S Efremov
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450008, Russia
| | - Mustafa Al-Zamil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Marina M Petrova
- Shared Core Facilities "Molecular and Cell Technologies", V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Narodova
- Shared Core Facilities "Molecular and Cell Technologies", V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Natalia P Garganeeva
- Department of General Medical Practice and Outpatient Therapy, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - German A Shipulin
- Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks Management, Moscow 119121, Russia
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Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms as Biomarkers of Antipsychotic-Induced Akathisia: Systematic Review. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030616. [PMID: 36980888 PMCID: PMC10048266 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic-induced akathisia (AIA) is a movement disorder characterized by a subjective feeling of inner restlessness or nervousness with an irresistible urge to move, resulting in repetitive movements of the limbs and torso, while taking antipsychotics (APs). In recent years, there have been some associative genetic studies of the predisposition to the development of AIA. Objective: The goal of our study was to review the results of associative genetic and genome-wide studies and to systematize and update the knowledge on the genetic predictors of AIA in patients with schizophrenia (Sch). Methods: We searched full-text publications in PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, Google Scholar, and e-Library databases from 1977 to 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) quality scale was used for the critical selection of the studies. Results: We identified 37 articles, of which 3 were included in the review. Thus, the C allele of rs1800498 (59414 C>T) and the A allele of rs1800497 (17316 G>A) (TaqIA) from the DRD2 gene as well as the TT genotype rs13212041 (77461407 C>T) from the HTR1B gene were found to be associated with AIA. Conclusions: Uncovering the genetic biomarkers of AIA may provide a key to developing a strategy for the personalized prevention and treatment of this adverse neurological drug reaction of APs in patients with Sch in real clinical practice.
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Yang T, Curtis S, Bai A, Young A, Derosier D, Ripley S, Bai S. CRISPR/Cas9 targeting liposomes knocked down multidrug resistance proteins in brain endothelial cells as a model to predict potential pharmacoresistance. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113103. [PMID: 36571980 PMCID: PMC9899320 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This investigation aimed to use CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing to knock down P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression and then establish a feasible cell line to evaluate the potential pharmacoresistance of therapeutic agents mediated by efflux. A cationic liposome was prepared as a "smart bomb" by conjugating with a peptide-based targeting ligand (THRPPMWSPVWP), specifically binding to transferrin receptors at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and then formed a nanocomplex with P-gp knockdown CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid. Higher uptakes of targeted and stable liposomes in bEND.3 cells were observed compared to non-peptide conjugated ones (p < 0.05). The P-gp transporters were successfully knocked down by the cell-nontoxic CRISPR/Cas9 targeted liposomes and P-gp associated ATP activities were higher in the transfected cells (p < 0.05). Functional studies of knocked down cells were evaluated by using prototypical P-gp substrates rhodamine 123 and doxorubicin. More accumulation of rhodamine 123 and higher cytotoxic sensitivity of doxorubicin was observed in the transfected cells as compared with those in the wild-type cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, USA
| | - Skye Curtis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, USA
| | - Albert Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, USA
| | - Abby Young
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, USA
| | - Derek Derosier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, USA
| | - Shannon Ripley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, USA
| | - Shuhua Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, USA.
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Gong P, Zhang S, Ren L, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Mao X, Gan L, Wang H, Ma C, Lin Y, Ye Q, Qian K, Lin X. Electroacupuncture of the trigeminal nerve causes N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors to mediate blood-brain barrier opening and induces neuronal excitatory changes. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1020644. [PMID: 36313622 PMCID: PMC9606778 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1020644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important structure for maintaining environmental stability in the central nervous system (CNS). Our previous study showed that specific parameters of electroacupuncture (EA) at the head points Shuigou (GV26) and Baihui (GV20) can open the BBB; however, the mechanism by which stimulation of body surface acupuncture points on the head results in peripheral stimulation and affects the status of the central BBB and the neuronal excitatory changes has not been elucidated. We used laser spectroscopy, the In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS), immunofluorescence and immunoblotting to verified the role of the trigeminal nerve in BBB opening during EA, and we applied the central N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors blocker MK-801 to verify the mediating role of NMDA receptors in EA-induced BBB opening. Next, electroencephalogram (EEG) and in vivo calcium imaging techniques were applied to verify the possible electrical patterns of BBB opening promoted by different intensities of EA stimulation. The results showed that the trigeminal nerve plays an important role in the alteration of BBB permeability promoted by EA stimulation of the head acupoints. Brain NMDA receptors play a mediating role in promoting BBB permeability during EA of the trigeminal nerve, which may affect the expression of the TJ protein occludin, and thus alter BBB permeability. The analysis of the electrical mechanism showed that there was no significant change in the rhythm of local field potentials (LFP) in different brain regions across frequency bands immediately after EA of the trigeminal nerve at different intensities. However, the local primary somatosensory (S1BF) area corresponding to the trigeminal nerve showed a transient reduction in the delta rhythm of LFP with no change in the high-frequency band, and the action potential (spike) with short inter spike interval (ISI) varied with EA intensity. Meanwhile, EA of the trigeminal nerve resulted in rhythmic changes in calcium waves in the S1BF region, which were influenced by different EA intensities. This study provides a research perspective and a technical approach to further explore the mechanism of EA-induced BBB opening and its potential clinical applications.
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Altered Extracellular Matrix as an Alternative Risk Factor for Epileptogenicity in Brain Tumors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102475. [PMID: 36289737 PMCID: PMC9599244 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures are one of the most common symptoms of brain tumors. The incidence of seizures differs among brain tumor type, grade, location and size, but paediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas/glioneuronal tumors are often highly epileptogenic. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to play a role in epileptogenesis and tumorigenesis because it is involved in the (re)modelling of neuronal connections and cell-cell signaling. In this review, we discuss the epileptogenicity of brain tumors with a focus on tumor type, location, genetics and the role of the extracellular matrix. In addition to functional problems, epileptogenic tumors can lead to increased morbidity and mortality, stigmatization and life-long care. The health advantages can be major if the epileptogenic properties of brain tumors are better understood. Surgical resection is the most common treatment of epilepsy-associated tumors, but post-surgery seizure-freedom is not always achieved. Therefore, we also discuss potential novel therapies aiming to restore ECM function.
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Chen M, Medarova Z, Moore A. Role of microRNAs in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1707-1723. [PMID: 34434499 PMCID: PMC8378762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary human brain cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of small endogenous non-coding RNA molecules which play critical roles in different biological processes including cancer. The realization of miRNA regulatory functions in GBM has demonstrated that these molecules play a critical role in its initiation, progression and response to therapy. In this review we discuss the studies related to miRNA discovery and function in glioblastoma. We first summarize the typical miRNAs and their roles in GBM. Then we debate the potential for miRNA-based therapy for glioblastoma, including various delivery strategies. We surmise that future directions identified by these studies will point towards the necessity for therapeutic development and optimization to improve the outcomes for patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Zdravka Medarova
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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10
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Seo MW, Park TE. Recent advances with liposomes as drug carriers for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Eng Lett 2021; 11:211-216. [PMID: 34350048 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-021-00198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in treating neurogenerative diseases is delivering drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this review, we summarized the development of liposome-based drug delivery system with enhanced BBB penetration for efficient brain drug delivery. We focused on the liposome-based therapeutics targeting Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease because they are most common types of adult chronic neurodegenerative disorders. A variety of liposome with surface modification of BBB-targeting ligands have been created to cross the BBB via transcytosis to the therapeutic efficacy of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease drugs. Recent advances in liposome are providing alternatives to overcome BBB for more efficient therapeutic strategy. To improve the BBB penetration of liposomes, we need to completely understand the pathophysiological changes at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Wook Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919 South Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919 South Korea
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11
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Li L, Chen J, Ming Y, Li B, Fu R, Duan D, Li Z, Ni R, Wang X, Zhou Y, Zhang L. The Application of Peptides in Glioma: a Novel Tool for Therapy. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:620-633. [PMID: 34182908 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210628114042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most aggressive and lethal tumor of the central nervous system. Owing to the cellular heterogeneity, the invasiveness, and blood-brain barrier (BBB), current therapeutic approaches, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are poorly to obtain great anti-tumor efficacy. However, peptides, a novel type of therapeutic agent, displayed excellent ability in the tumor, which becomes a new molecule for glioma treatment. METHOD We review the current knowledge on peptides for the treatment of glioma through a PubMed-based literature search. RESULTS In the treatment of glioma, peptides can be used as (i) decoration on the surface of the delivery system, facilitating the distribution and accumulation of the anti-tumor drug in the target site;(ii) anti-tumor active molecules, inhibiting the growth of glioma and reducing solid tumor volume; (iii) immune-stimulating factor, and activating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment or recruiting immune cells to the tumor for breaking out the immunosuppression by glioma cells. CONCLUSION The application of peptides has revolutionized the treatment of glioma, which is based on targeting, penetrating, anti-tumor activities, and immunostimulatory. Moreover, better outcomes have been discovered in combining different kinds of peptides rather than a single one. Until now, more and more preclinical studies have been developed with multifarious peptides, which show promising results in vitro or vivo with the model of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruoqiu Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongyu Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueling Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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12
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El-Readi MZ, Al-Abd AM, Althubiti MA, Almaimani RA, Al-Amoodi HS, Ashour ML, Wink M, Eid SY. Multiple Molecular Mechanisms to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Cancer by Natural Secondary Metabolites. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:658513. [PMID: 34093189 PMCID: PMC8176113 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.658513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) common natural occurrences and the significantly lower toxicities of many SM have led to the approaching development and use of these compounds as effective pharmaceutical agents; especially in cancer therapy. A combination of two or three of plant secondary metabolites together or of one SM with specific anticancer drugs, may synergistically decrease the doses needed, widen the chemotherapeutic window, mediate more effective cell growth inhibition, and avoid the side effects of high drug concentrations. In mixtures they can exert additive or even synergistic activities. Many SM can effectively increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. In phytotherapy, secondary metabolites (SM) of medicinal plants can interact with single or multiple targets. The multi-molecular mechanisms of plant secondary metabolites to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR) are highlighted in this review. These mechanisms include interaction with membrane proteins such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp/MDR1); an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), and induction of apoptosis. P-gp plays an important role in the development of MDR in cancer cells and is involved in potential chemotherapy failure. Therefore, the ingestion of dietary supplements, food or beverages containing secondary metabolites e.g., polyphenols or terpenoids may alter the bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy and safety of the drugs that are P-gp substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Al-Abd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,Pharmacology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A Althubiti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiba Saeed Al-Amoodi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Lotfy Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Safaa Yehia Eid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Zhi K, Raji B, Nookala AR, Khan MM, Nguyen XH, Sakshi S, Pourmotabbed T, Yallapu MM, Kochat H, Tadrous E, Pernell S, Kumar S. PLGA Nanoparticle-Based Formulations to Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier for Drug Delivery: From R&D to cGMP. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040500. [PMID: 33917577 PMCID: PMC8067506 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a natural obstacle for drug delivery into the human brain, hindering treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as acute ischemic stroke, brain tumors, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-associated neurocognitive disorders. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a biocompatible polymer that is used in Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmaceutical products and medical devices. PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) have been reported to improve drug penetration across the BBB both in vitro and in vivo. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and poloxamer (Pluronic) are widely used as excipients to further improve the stability and effectiveness of PLGA formulations. Peptides and other linkers can be attached on the surface of PLGA to provide targeting delivery. With the newly published guidance from the FDA and the progress of current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) technologies, manufacturing PLGA NP-based drug products can be achieved with higher efficiency, larger quantity, and better quality. The translation from bench to bed is feasible with proper research, concurrent development, quality control, and regulatory assurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaining Zhi
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 208 South Dudley Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.R.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Babatunde Raji
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 208 South Dudley Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.R.); (H.K.)
| | | | - Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Xuyen H. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (X.H.N.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Swarna Sakshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (X.H.N.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Tayebeh Pourmotabbed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 858 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA;
| | - Harry Kochat
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 208 South Dudley Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.R.); (H.K.)
| | - Erene Tadrous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (X.H.N.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Shelby Pernell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (X.H.N.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (X.H.N.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (S.K.)
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14
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Salman MM, Marsh G, Kusters I, Delincé M, Di Caprio G, Upadhyayula S, de Nola G, Hunt R, Ohashi KG, Gray T, Shimizu F, Sano Y, Kanda T, Obermeier B, Kirchhausen T. Design and Validation of a Human Brain Endothelial Microvessel-on-a-Chip Open Microfluidic Model Enabling Advanced Optical Imaging. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:573775. [PMID: 33117784 PMCID: PMC7576009 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.573775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe here the design and implementation of an in vitro microvascular open model system using human brain microvascular endothelial cells. The design has several advantages over other traditional closed microfluidic platforms: (1) it enables controlled unidirectional flow of media at physiological rates to support vascular function, (2) it allows for very small volumes which makes the device ideal for studies involving biotherapeutics, (3) it is amenable for multiple high resolution imaging modalities such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 3D live fluorescence imaging using traditional spinning disk confocal microscopy, and advanced lattice light sheet microscopy (LLSM). Importantly, we miniaturized the design, so it can fit within the physical constraints of LLSM, with the objective to study physiology in live cells at subcellular level. We validated barrier function of our brain microvessel-on-a-chip by measuring permeability of fluorescent dextran and a human monoclonal antibody. One potential application is to investigate mechanisms of transcytosis across the brain microvessel-like barrier of fluorescently-tagged biologics, viruses or nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mootaz M Salman
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Ilja Kusters
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matthieu Delincé
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Giuseppe Di Caprio
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Srigokul Upadhyayula
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Giovanni de Nola
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ronan Hunt
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kazuka G Ohashi
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Yasuteru Sano
- Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanda
- Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | | | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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15
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Ding S, Khan AI, Cai X, Song Y, Lyu Z, Du D, Dutta P, Lin Y. Overcoming blood-brain barrier transport: Advances in nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategies. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2020; 37:112-125. [PMID: 33093794 PMCID: PMC7575138 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), a unique structure in the central nervous system (CNS), protects the brain from bloodborne pathogens by its excellent barrier properties. Nevertheless, this barrier limits therapeutic efficacy and becomes one of the biggest challenges in new drug development for neurodegenerative disease and brain cancer. Recent breakthroughs in nanotechnology have resulted in various nanoparticles (NPs) as drug carriers to cross the BBB by different methods. This review presents the current understanding of advanced NP-mediated non-invasive drug delivery for the treatment of neurological disorders. Herein, the complex compositions and special characteristics of BBB are elucidated exhaustively. Moreover, versatile drug nanocarriers with their recent applications and their pathways on different drug delivery strategies to overcome the formidable BBB obstacle are briefly discussed. In terms of significance, this paper provides a general understanding of how various properties of nanoparticles aid in drug delivery through BBB and usher the development of novel nanotechnology-based nanomaterials for cerebral disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoli Cai
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, PO Box 642920 Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Yang Song
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, PO Box 642920 Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Zhaoyuan Lyu
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, PO Box 642920 Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Dan Du
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, PO Box 642920 Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Prashanta Dutta
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, PO Box 642920 Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Yuehe Lin
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, PO Box 642920 Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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16
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Lombardo SM, Schneider M, Türeli AE, Günday Türeli N. Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:866-883. [PMID: 32551212 PMCID: PMC7277618 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system diseases are a heavy burden on society and health care systems. Hence, the delivery of drugs to the brain has gained more and more interest. The brain is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a selective barrier formed by the endothelial cells of the cerebral microvessels, which at the same time acts as a bottleneck for drug delivery by preventing the vast majority of drugs to reach the brain. To overcome this obstacle, drugs can be loaded inside nanoparticles that can carry the drug through the BBB. However, not all particles are able to cross the BBB and a multitude of factors needs to be taken into account when developing a carrier system for this purpose. Depending on the chosen pathway to cross the BBB, nanoparticle material, size and surface properties such as functionalization and charge should be tailored to fit the specific route of BBB crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M Lombardo
- MyBiotech GmbH; Industriestraße 1B, 66802 Überherrn, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marc Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Akif E Türeli
- MyBiotech GmbH; Industriestraße 1B, 66802 Überherrn, Germany
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17
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Hesh CA, Qiu Y, Lam WA. Vascularized Microfluidics and the Blood-Endothelium Interface. MICROMACHINES 2019; 11:E18. [PMID: 31878018 PMCID: PMC7019435 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The microvasculature is the primary conduit through which the human body transmits oxygen, nutrients, and other biological information to its peripheral tissues. It does this through bidirectional communication between the blood, consisting of plasma and non-adherent cells, and the microvascular endothelium. Current understanding of this blood-endothelium interface has been predominantly derived from a combination of reductionist two-dimensional in vitro models and biologically complex in vivo animal models, both of which recapitulate the human microvasculature to varying but limited degrees. In an effort to address these limitations, vascularized microfluidics have become a platform of increasing importance as a consequence of their ability to isolate biologically complex phenomena while also recapitulating biochemical and biophysical behaviors known to be important to the function of the blood-endothelium interface. In this review, we discuss the basic principles of vascularized microfluidic fabrication, the contribution this platform has made to our understanding of the blood-endothelium interface in both homeostasis and disease, the limitations and challenges of these vascularized microfluidics for studying this interface, and how these inform future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Hesh
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Yongzhi Qiu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Wilbur A. Lam
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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18
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Park TE, Mustafaoglu N, Herland A, Hasselkus R, Mannix R, FitzGerald EA, Prantil-Baun R, Watters A, Henry O, Benz M, Sanchez H, McCrea HJ, Goumnerova LC, Song HW, Palecek SP, Shusta E, Ingber DE. Hypoxia-enhanced Blood-Brain Barrier Chip recapitulates human barrier function and shuttling of drugs and antibodies. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2621. [PMID: 31197168 DOI: 10.1101/482463v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The high selectivity of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts delivery of many pharmaceuticals and therapeutic antibodies to the central nervous system. Here, we describe an in vitro microfluidic organ-on-a-chip BBB model lined by induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human brain microvascular endothelium interfaced with primary human brain astrocytes and pericytes that recapitulates the high level of barrier function of the in vivo human BBB for at least one week in culture. The endothelium expresses high levels of tight junction proteins and functional efflux pumps, and it displays selective transcytosis of peptides and antibodies previously observed in vivo. Increased barrier functionality was accomplished using a developmentally-inspired induction protocol that includes a period of differentiation under hypoxic conditions. This enhanced BBB Chip may therefore represent a new in vitro tool for development and validation of delivery systems that transport drugs and therapeutic antibodies across the human BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Eun Park
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Nur Mustafaoglu
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anna Herland
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryan Hasselkus
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Robert Mannix
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Edward A FitzGerald
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rachelle Prantil-Baun
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Watters
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Olivier Henry
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maximilian Benz
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Henry Sanchez
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Heather J McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Hannah W Song
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Eric Shusta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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19
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Hypoxia-enhanced Blood-Brain Barrier Chip recapitulates human barrier function and shuttling of drugs and antibodies. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2621. [PMID: 31197168 PMCID: PMC6565686 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high selectivity of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts delivery of many pharmaceuticals and therapeutic antibodies to the central nervous system. Here, we describe an in vitro microfluidic organ-on-a-chip BBB model lined by induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human brain microvascular endothelium interfaced with primary human brain astrocytes and pericytes that recapitulates the high level of barrier function of the in vivo human BBB for at least one week in culture. The endothelium expresses high levels of tight junction proteins and functional efflux pumps, and it displays selective transcytosis of peptides and antibodies previously observed in vivo. Increased barrier functionality was accomplished using a developmentally-inspired induction protocol that includes a period of differentiation under hypoxic conditions. This enhanced BBB Chip may therefore represent a new in vitro tool for development and validation of delivery systems that transport drugs and therapeutic antibodies across the human BBB.
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20
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Hammad AM, Alasmari F, Sari Y, Scott Hall F, Tiwari AK. Alcohol and Cocaine Exposure Modulates ABCB1 and ABCG2 Transporters in Male Alcohol-Preferring Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:1921-1932. [PMID: 29978425 PMCID: PMC7780301 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two efflux transporters, ATP-binding cassettes B1 (ABCB1) and G2 (ABCG2), are highly expressed in the endothelial cells of the brain, where they regulate the bioavailability and distribution of several endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. However, whether ABCB1 or ABCG2 has any link with drug dependence, drug withdrawal effects, or the incidence of adverse effects in drug abuser is not known. In this study, we determined the effects of voluntary ethanol consumption following repeated exposure to cocaine or vehicle on the relative mRNA and protein expression of Abcg2/ABCG2 and Abcb1/ABCB1 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of male alcohol-preferring (P) rats. Male P rats were allowed free choice access to ethanol (15 and 30% v/v) and water for 5 weeks to establish baseline drinking behavior. The following week, rats were either injected with 20 mg/kg i.p. of cocaine or saline, once a day, for 7 days. The relative mRNA and protein expression of Abcb1/ABCB1 and Abcg2/ABCG2 in the NAc and mPFC were significantly decreased in ethanol-saline- and ethanol-cocaine-exposed rats compared to control rats that received neither ethanol nor cocaine. Thus, prolonged exposure to commonly abused drugs, ethanol and cocaine, alters the expression of Abcb1/ABCB1 and Abcg2/ABCG2 mRNA and protein levels in brain areas that play a role in drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M Hammad
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - F Scott Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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21
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Moura RP, Martins C, Pinto S, Sousa F, Sarmento B. Blood-brain barrier receptors and transporters: an insight on their function and how to exploit them through nanotechnology. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:271-285. [PMID: 30767695 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1583205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly limiting barrier that prevents the brain from contacting with several circulating molecules, including harmful agents. However, certain systemic nutrients and macromolecules are able to cross the BBB and reach the brain parenchyma, involving the interaction with multiple receptors and/or transporters at the BBB surface. Nanotechnology allows the creation of drug vehicles, functionalized with targeting ligands for binding specific BBB receptors and/or transporters, hence triggering the transport through this biobarrier. AREAS COVERED This review focuses the BBB receptors/transporters to be exploited in regard to their overall structure and biologic function, as well as their role in the development of strategies envisaging drug delivery to the brain. Then, the interplay between the targeting of these BBB receptors/transporters and nanotechnology is explored, as they can increase by several-fold the effectiveness of brain-targeted therapies. EXPERT OPINION Nanomedicine may be particularly useful in brain drug delivery, mainly due to the possibility of functionalizing nanoparticles to target specific receptors/transporters. Since the BBB is endowed with numerous receptors and transporters responsible for regulating the proper metabolic activity of the brain, their targeting can be a promising bypass strategy to circumvent the hurdle that the BBB represents for brain drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pedro Moura
- a CESPU - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde , Gandra , Portugal
| | - Cláudia Martins
- b I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,d ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Soraia Pinto
- b I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Flávia Sousa
- a CESPU - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde , Gandra , Portugal.,b I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,d ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- a CESPU - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde , Gandra , Portugal.,b I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Tan JM, Saifullah B, Kura AU, Fakurazi S, Hussein MZ. Incorporation of Levodopa into Biopolymer Coatings Based on Carboxylated Carbon Nanotubes for pH-Dependent Sustained Release Drug Delivery. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8060389. [PMID: 29857532 PMCID: PMC6027427 DOI: 10.3390/nano8060389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Four drug delivery systems were formulated by non-covalent functionalization of carboxylated single walled carbon nanotubes using biocompatible polymers as coating agent (i.e., Tween 20, Tween 80, chitosan or polyethylene glycol) for the delivery of levodopa, a drug used in Parkinson’s disease. The chemical interaction between the coating agent and carbon nanotubes-levodopa conjugate was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman studies. The drug release profiles were revealed to be dependent upon the type of applied coating material and this could be further adjusted to a desired rate to meet different biomedical conditions. In vitro drug release experiments measured using UV-Vis spectrometry demonstrated that the coated conjugates yielded a more prolonged and sustained release pattern compared to the uncoated conjugate. Cytotoxicity of the formulated conjugates was studied by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using normal mouse embryonic fibroblast 3T3 cell line. Compared to the non-coated conjugate, the MTT data indicated that the coating procedure improved the biocompatibility of all systems by 34–41% when the concentration used exceeded 100 μg/mL. In conclusion, the comprehensive results of this study suggest that carbon nanotubes-based drug carrier coated with a suitable biomaterial may possibly be a potential nanoparticle system that could facilitate drug delivery to the brain with tunable physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Meihua Tan
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Bullo Saifullah
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Aminu Umar Kura
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Yang T, Ferrill L, Gallant L, McGillicuddy S, Fernandes T, Schields N, Bai S. Verapamil and riluzole cocktail liposomes overcome pharmacoresistance by inhibiting P-glycoprotein in brain endothelial and astrocyte cells: A potent approach to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 120:30-39. [PMID: 29704642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Riluzole is currently one of two approved medications for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, brain disposition of riluzole, as a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), is limited by the efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We propose to develop a liposomal co-delivery system that could effectively transport riluzole to brain cells by reducing efflux pumps with a P-gp inhibitor, verapamil. Riluzole and verapamil cocktail liposomes were prepared by lipid film hydration. The average particle size of cocktail liposomes was 194.3 ± 6.0 nm and their polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.272 ± 0.017. The encapsulation efficiencies of verapamil and riluzole in the cocktail liposomes were 86.0 ± 1.4% and 85.6 ± 1.1%, respectively. The drug release from cocktail liposomes after 8 h in PBS at 37 °C was 78.4 ± 6.2% of riluzole and 76.7 ± 3.8% of verapamil. The average particle size of liposomes did not show significant changes at 4 °C after three months. Verapamil cocktail liposomes inhibited P-gp levels measured by western blotting in dose and time-dependent manners in brain endothelial bEND.3 cells. Increased drug efflux transporters were detected in bEND.3 and astrocytes C8D1A cells, promoted by tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Restored accumulations of riluzole and fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 were observed in bEND.3 cells after treatments with cocktail liposomes. It indicated that inhibitory potential of co-delivery liposome system towards P-gp could mediate the transport of both P-gp substrates. Verapamil and riluzole co-loaded liposomes may be used to overcome pharmacoresistance of riluzole for improving ALS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States
| | - Laine Ferrill
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States
| | - Leanne Gallant
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States
| | - Sarah McGillicuddy
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States
| | - Tatiana Fernandes
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States
| | - Nicole Schields
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States
| | - Shuhua Bai
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States.
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24
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Scioli Montoto S, Sbaraglini ML, Talevi A, Couyoupetrou M, Di Ianni M, Pesce GO, Alvarez VA, Bruno-Blanch LE, Castro GR, Ruiz ME, Islan GA. Carbamazepine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: Physicochemical characterization and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 167:73-81. [PMID: 29627680 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) represent promising alternatives for drug delivery to the central nervous system. In the present work, four different nanoformulations of the antiepileptic drug Carbamazepine (CBZ) were designed and prepared by the homogenization/ultrasonication method, with encapsulation efficiencies ranging from 82.8 to 93.8%. The formulations remained stable at 4 °C for at least 3 months. Physicochemical and microscopic characterization were performed by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM); thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The results indicated the presence of spherical shape nanoparticles with a mean particle diameter around 160 nm in a narrow size distribution; the entrapped CBZ displayed an amorphous state. The in vitro release profile of CBZ fitted into a Baker-Lonsdale model for spherical matrices and almost the 100% of the encapsulated drug was released in a controlled manner during the first 24 h. The apparent permeability of CBZ-loaded nanoparticles through a cell monolayer model was similar to that of the free drug. In vivo experiments in a mice model of seizure suggested protection by CBZ-NLC against seizures for at least 2 h after intraperitoneal administration. The developed CBZ-loaded lipid nanocarriers displayed optimal characteristics of size, shape and drug release and possibly represent a promising tool to improve the treatment of refractory epilepsy linked to efflux transporters upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scioli Montoto
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos (LIDeB), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Calle 47 y 115, B1900AJI, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Sbaraglini
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos (LIDeB), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Calle 47 y 115, B1900AJI, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Talevi
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos (LIDeB), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Calle 47 y 115, B1900AJI, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Couyoupetrou
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Medicamentos (INAME), Administración Nacional de Medicamentos, Alimentos y Tecnología Médica (ANMAT), CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Di Ianni
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos (LIDeB), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Calle 47 y 115, B1900AJI, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G O Pesce
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Medicamentos (INAME), Administración Nacional de Medicamentos, Alimentos y Tecnología Médica (ANMAT), CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V A Alvarez
- Grupo de Materiales Compuestos de Matriz Polimérica (CoMP), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP) - CONICET, Solis 7575, B7608FDQ, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L E Bruno-Blanch
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos (LIDeB), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Calle 47 y 115, B1900AJI, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G R Castro
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) -CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 47 y 115, B1900AJI, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M E Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos (LIDeB), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Calle 47 y 115, B1900AJI, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - G A Islan
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) -CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 47 y 115, B1900AJI, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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25
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Gomes MJ, Kennedy PJ, Martins S, Sarmento B. Delivery of siRNA silencing P-gp in peptide-functionalized nanoparticles causes efflux modulation at the blood–brain barrier. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:1385-1399. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Explore the use of transferrin-receptor peptide-functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) targeting blood–brain barrier (BBB) as siRNA carriers to silence P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Materials & methods: Permeability experiments were assessed through a developed BBB cell-based model; P-gp mRNA expression was evaluated in vitro; rhodamine 123 permeability was assessed after cell monolayer treatment with siRNA NPs. Results: Beyond their ability to improve siRNA permeability through the BBB by twofold, 96-h post-transfection, functionalized polymeric NPs successfully reduced P-gp mRNA expression up to 52%, compared with nonfunctionalized systems. Subsequently, the permeability of rhodamine 123 through the human BBB model increased up to 27%. Conclusion: Developed BBB-targeted NPs induced P-gp downregulation and consequent increase on P-gp substrate permeability, revealing their ability to modulate drug efflux at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Gomes
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200–135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Biocarrier Group, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200–135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050–313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrick J Kennedy
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200–135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Biocarrier Group, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200–135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050–313 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP, Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200–393 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Martins
- Department of Physics, Chemistry & Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200–135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Biocarrier Group, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200–135 Porto, Portugal
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585–116 Gandra, Portugal
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26
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Saidijam M, Karimi Dermani F, Sohrabi S, Patching SG. Efflux proteins at the blood-brain barrier: review and bioinformatics analysis. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:506-532. [PMID: 28481715 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1328148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
1. Efflux proteins at the blood-brain barrier provide a mechanism for export of waste products of normal metabolism from the brain and help to maintain brain homeostasis. They also prevent entry into the brain of a wide range of potentially harmful compounds such as drugs and xenobiotics. 2. Conversely, efflux proteins also hinder delivery of therapeutic drugs to the brain and central nervous system used to treat brain tumours and neurological disorders. For bypassing efflux proteins, a comprehensive understanding of their structures, functions and molecular mechanisms is necessary, along with new strategies and technologies for delivery of drugs across the blood-brain barrier. 3. We review efflux proteins at the blood-brain barrier, classified as either ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters (P-gp, BCRP, MRPs) or solute carrier (SLC) transporters (OATP1A2, OATP1A4, OATP1C1, OATP2B1, OAT3, EAATs, PMAT/hENT4 and MATE1). 4. This includes information about substrate and inhibitor specificity, structural organisation and mechanism, membrane localisation, regulation of expression and activity, effects of diseases and conditions and the principal technique used for in vivo analysis of efflux protein activity: positron emission tomography (PET). 5. We also performed analyses of evolutionary relationships, membrane topologies and amino acid compositions of the proteins, and linked these to structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massoud Saidijam
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics , Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran and
| | - Fatemeh Karimi Dermani
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics , Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran and
| | - Sareh Sohrabi
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics , Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran and
| | - Simon G Patching
- b School of BioMedical Sciences and the Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
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27
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Suhy AM, Webb A, Papp AC, Geier EG, Sadee W. Expression and splicing of ABC and SLC transporters in the human blood-brain barrier measured with RNAseq. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 103:47-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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28
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Abdullahi W, Davis TP, Ronaldson PT. Functional Expression of P-glycoprotein and Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Understanding Transport Mechanisms for Improved CNS Drug Delivery? AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:931-939. [PMID: 28447295 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) is greatly limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Physical and biochemical properties of the BBB have rendered treatment of CNS diseases, including those with a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) component, extremely difficult. Targeting endogenous BBB transporters from the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily (i.e., P-glycoprotein (P-gp)) or from the solute carrier (SLC) family (i.e., organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs in humans; Oatps in rodents)) has been suggested as a strategy that can improve delivery of drugs to the brain. With respect to P-gp, direct pharmacological inhibition using small molecules or selective regulation by targeting intracellular signaling pathways has been explored. These approaches have been largely unsuccessful due to toxicity issues and unpredictable pharmacokinetics. Therefore, our laboratory has proposed that optimization of CNS drug delivery, particularly for treatment of diseases with an H/R component, can be achieved by targeting Oatp isoforms at the BBB. As the major drug transporting Oatp isoform, Oatp1a4 has demonstrated blood-to-brain transport of substrate drugs with neuroprotective properties. Furthermore, our laboratory has shown that targeting Oatp1a4 regulation (i.e., TGF-β signaling mediated via the ALK-1 and ALK-5 transmembrane receptors) represents an opportunity to control Oatp1a4 functional expression for the purpose of delivering therapeutics to the CNS. In this review, we will discuss limitations of targeting P-gp-mediated transport activity and the advantages of targeting Oatp-mediated transport. Through this discussion, we will also provide critical information on novel approaches to improve CNS drug delivery by targeting endogenous uptake transporters expressed at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wazir Abdullahi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, Arizona, 85724-5050, USA
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, Arizona, 85724-5050, USA
| | - Patrick T Ronaldson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, Arizona, 85724-5050, USA.
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29
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Boussahel A, Ibegbu DM, Lamtahri R, Maucotel J, Chuquet J, Lefranc B, Leprince J, Roldo M, Mével JCL, Gorecki D, Barbu E. Investigations of octylglyceryl dextran-graft-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for peptide delivery to the brain. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:879-892. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Develop modified dextran nanoparticles showing potential to assist with drug permeation across the blood–brain barrier for the delivery of neuropeptides. Methods: Nanoparticles loaded by emulsification with model macromolecular actives were characterized in terms of stability, cytotoxicity and drug-release behavior. Peptide-loaded nanoformulations were tested in an in vivo trout model and in food-deprived mice. Results: Nanoformulations loaded with model peptides showed good stability and appeared nontoxic in low concentration against human brain endothelial cells. They were found to preserve the bioactivity of loaded peptides (angiotensin II) as demonstrated in vivo using a trout model, and to induce a transient reduction of food consumption in mice when loaded with an anorexigenic octaneuropeptide. Conclusion: Octylglyceryl dextran-graft-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles formulated by emulsification demonstrate potential for peptide delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asme Boussahel
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Daniel M Ibegbu
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Rhita Lamtahri
- Laboratory of Neuronal & Neuroendocrine Differentiation & Communication, INSERM U1239, Normandy University, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Julie Maucotel
- Laboratory of Neuronal & Neuroendocrine Differentiation & Communication, INSERM U1239, Normandy University, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Julien Chuquet
- Laboratory of Neuronal & Neuroendocrine Differentiation & Communication, INSERM U1239, Normandy University, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Benjamin Lefranc
- Laboratory of Neuronal & Neuroendocrine Differentiation & Communication, INSERM U1239, Normandy University, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Laboratory of Neuronal & Neuroendocrine Differentiation & Communication, INSERM U1239, Normandy University, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marta Roldo
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Jean-Claude Le Mével
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, LaTIM UMR 1101, University of Brest, 29238 Cedex 3, France
| | - Darek Gorecki
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Eugen Barbu
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, PO1 2DT, UK
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30
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Gomes MJ, Fernandes C, Martins S, Borges F, Sarmento B. Tailoring Lipid and Polymeric Nanoparticles as siRNA Carriers towards the Blood-Brain Barrier - from Targeting to Safe Administration. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; 12:107-119. [PMID: 27209050 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier is a tightly packed layer of endothelial cells surrounding the brain that acts as the main obstacle for drugs enter the central nervous system (CNS), due to its unique features, as tight junctions and drug efflux systems. Therefore, since the incidence of CNS disorders is increasing worldwide, medical therapeutics need to be improved. Consequently, aiming to surpass blood-brain barrier and overcome CNS disabilities, silencing P-glycoprotein as a drug efflux transporter at brain endothelial cells through siRNA is considered a promising approach. For siRNA enzymatic protection and efficient delivery to its target, two different nanoparticles platforms, solid lipid (SLN) and poly-lactic-co-glycolic (PLGA) nanoparticles were used in this study. Polymeric PLGA nanoparticles were around 115 nm in size and had 50 % of siRNA association efficiency, while SLN presented 150 nm and association efficiency close to 52 %. Their surface was functionalized with a peptide-binding transferrin receptor, in a site-oriented manner confirmed by NMR, and their targeting ability against human brain endothelial cells was successfully demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The interaction of modified nanoparticles with brain endothelial cells increased 3-fold compared to non-modified lipid nanoparticles, and 4-fold compared to non-modified PLGA nanoparticles, respectively. These nanosystems, which were also demonstrated to be safe for human brain endothelial cells, without significant cytotoxicity, bring a new hopeful breath to the future of brain diseases therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Gomes
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Biocarrier Group, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Fernandes
- CIQUP/Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Martins
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, -5230, Odense, DK, Denmark
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Biocarrier Group, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal.
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Gomes MJ, Dreier J, Brewer J, Martins S, Brandl M, Sarmento B. A new approach for a blood-brain barrier model based on phospholipid vesicles: Membrane development and siRNA-loaded nanoparticles permeability. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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32
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Andersen V, Svenningsen K, Knudsen LA, Hansen AK, Holmskov U, Stensballe A, Vogel U. Novel understanding of ABC transporters ABCB1/MDR/P-glycoprotein, ABCC2/MRP2, and ABCG2/BCRP in colorectal pathophysiology. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11862-11876. [PMID: 26557010 PMCID: PMC4631984 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in colonic pathophysiology as they had recently been related to colorectal cancer (CRC) development.
METHODS: Literature search was conducted on PubMed using combinations of the following terms: ABC transporters, ATP binding cassette transporter proteins, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative, colitis, Crohns disease, colorectal cancer, colitis, intestinal inflammation, intestinal carcinogenesis, ABCB1/P-glycoprotein (P-gp/CD243/MDR1), ABCC2/multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) and ABCG2/breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), Abcb1/Mdr1a, abcc2/Mrp2, abcg2/Bcrp, knock-out mice, tight junction, membrane lipid function.
RESULTS: Recently, human studies reported that changes in the levels of ABC transporters were early events in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence leading to CRC. A link between ABCB1, high fat diet and gut microbes in relation to colitis was suggested by the animal studies. The finding that colitis was preceded by altered gut bacterial composition suggests that deletion of Abcb1 leads to fundamental changes of host-microbiota interaction. Also, high fat diet increases the frequency and severity of colitis in specific pathogen-free Abcb1 KO mice. The Abcb1 KO mice might thus serve as a model in which diet/environmental factors and microbes may be controlled and investigated in relation to intestinal inflammation. Potential molecular mechanisms include defective transport of inflammatory mediators and/or phospholipid translocation from one side to the other of the cell membrane lipid bilayer by ABC transporters affecting inflammatory response and/or function of tight junctions, phagocytosis and vesicle trafficking. Also, diet and microbes give rise to molecules which are potential substrates for the ABC transporters and which may additionally affect ABC transporter function through nuclear receptors and transcriptional regulation. Another critical role of ABCB1 was suggested by the finding that ABCB1 expression identifies a subpopulation of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells which were resistant to treatment with glucocorticoids. The evidence for the involvement of ABCC2 and ABCG2 in colonic pathophysiology was weak.
CONCLUSION: ABCB1, diet, and gut microbes mutually interact in colonic inflammation, a well-known risk factor for CRC. Further insight may be translated into preventive and treatment strategies.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/genetics
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/metabolism
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/pathology
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/physiopathology
- Mice, Transgenic
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Tumor Microenvironment
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33
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Narayan S, Sinsheimer JS, Paul KC, Liew Z, Cockburn M, Bronstein JM, Ritz B. Genetic variability in ABCB1, occupational pesticide exposure, and Parkinson's disease. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 143:98-106. [PMID: 26457621 PMCID: PMC4911423 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggested that variants in the ABCB1 gene encoding P-glycoprotein, a xenobiotic transporter, may increase susceptibility to pesticide exposures linked to Parkinson's Disease (PD) risk. OBJECTIVES To investigate the joint impact of two ABCB1 polymorphisms and pesticide exposures on PD risk. METHODS In a population-based case control study, we genotyped ABCB1 gene variants at rs1045642 (c.3435C/T) and rs2032582 (c.2677G/T/A) and assessed occupational exposures to organochlorine (OC) and organophosphorus (OP) pesticides based on self-reported occupational use and record-based ambient workplace exposures for 282 PD cases and 514 controls of European ancestry. We identified active ingredients in self-reported occupational use pesticides from a California database and estimated ambient workplace exposures between 1974 and 1999 employing a geographic information system together with records for state pesticide and land use. With unconditional logistic regression, we estimated marginal and joint contributions for occupational pesticide exposures and ABCB1 variants in PD. RESULTS For occupationally exposed carriers of homozygous ABCB1 variant genotypes, we estimated odds ratios of 1.89 [95% confidence interval (CI): (0.87, 4.07)] to 3.71 [95% CI: (1.96, 7.02)], with the highest odds ratios estimated for occupationally exposed carriers of homozygous ABCB1 variant genotypes at both SNPs; but we found no multiplicative scale interactions. CONCLUSIONS This study lends support to a previous report that commonly used pesticides, specifically OCs and OPs, and variant ABCB1 genotypes at two polymorphic sites jointly increase risk of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Narayan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janet S Sinsheimer
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zeyan Liew
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Myles Cockburn
- Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California (USC) Keck School of Medicine and Department of Geography, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeff M Bronstein
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Zeng Q, Wang J, Cheng Z, Chen K, Johnström P, Varnäs K, Li DY, Yang ZF, Zhang X. Discovery and Evaluation of Clinical Candidate AZD3759, a Potent, Oral Active, Central Nervous System-Penetrant, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8200-15. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingbei Zeng
- Innovation Center China, Asia & Emerging Markets iMed, AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines and Early Development, 199 Liangjing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiabing Wang
- Innovation Center China, Asia & Emerging Markets iMed, AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines and Early Development, 199 Liangjing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- Innovation Center China, Asia & Emerging Markets iMed, AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines and Early Development, 199 Liangjing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kan Chen
- Innovation Center China, Asia & Emerging Markets iMed, AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines and Early Development, 199 Liangjing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peter Johnström
- AstraZeneca Translational Centre, Personal Healthcare and Biomarkers iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, R5:U1 Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience,
Centre for Psychiatry Research, R5:02 Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Varnäs
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience,
Centre for Psychiatry Research, R5:02 Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Yunzhi Li
- Innovation Center China, Asia & Emerging Markets iMed, AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines and Early Development, 199 Liangjing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhen Fan Yang
- Innovation Center China, Asia & Emerging Markets iMed, AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines and Early Development, 199 Liangjing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Innovation Center China, Asia & Emerging Markets iMed, AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines and Early Development, 199 Liangjing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
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35
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Matsson P, Bergström CAS. Computational modeling to predict the functions and impact of drug transporters. In Silico Pharmacol 2015; 3:8. [PMID: 26820893 PMCID: PMC4559557 DOI: 10.1186/s40203-015-0012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transport proteins are important mediators of cellular drug influx and efflux and play crucial roles in drug distribution, disposition and clearance. Drug-drug interactions have increasingly been found to occur at the transporter level and, hence, computational tools for studying drug-transporter interactions have gained in interest. In this short review, we present the most important transport proteins for drug influx and efflux. Computational tools for predicting and understanding the substrate and inhibitor interactions with these membrane-bound proteins are discussed. We have primarily focused on ligand-based and structure-based modeling, for which the state-of-the-art and future challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pär Matsson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform (UDOPP) - a node of the Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform (UDOPP) - a node of the Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is now representing one of the largest unmet medical needs. However, no effective treatment is now available to impede the progression of AD or delay its onset. There are two major challenges for the development of effective therapy for AD. First, the exact cause for AD onset is still unknown. Second, brain drug delivery is significantly hindered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this review, we will summarize the pathological understanding about AD and the related treatments, compare BBB and its effect on brain drug delivery under normal and AD conditions and review the nanotherapeutic strategies that have been developed for AD therapy in recent years.
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37
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Gomes MJ, Martins S, Sarmento B. siRNA as a tool to improve the treatment of brain diseases: Mechanism, targets and delivery. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 21:43-54. [PMID: 25796492 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
As the population ages, brain pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancer increase their incidence, being the need to find successful treatments of upmost importance. Drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) is required in order to reach diseases causes and treat them. However, biological barriers, mainly blood-brain barrier (BBB), are the key obstacles that prevent the effectiveness of possible treatments due to their ability to strongly limit the perfusion of compounds into the brain. Over the past decades, new approaches towards overcoming BBB and its efflux transporters had been proposed. One of these approaches here reviewed is through small interfering RNA (siRNA), which is capable to specifically target one gene and silence it in a post-transcriptional way. There are different possible functional proteins at the BBB, as the ones responsible for transport or just for its tightness, which could be a siRNA target. As important as the effective silence is the way to delivery siRNA to its anatomical site of action. This is where nanotechnology-based systems may help, by protecting siRNA circulation and providing cell/tissue-targeting and intracellular siRNA delivery. After an initial overview on incidence of brain diseases and basic features of the CNS, BBB and its efflux pumps, this review focuses on recent strategies to reach brain based on siRNA, and how to specifically target these approaches in order to treat brain diseases.
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Chen X, Loryan I, Payan M, Keep RF, Smith DE, Hammarlund-Udenaes M. Effect of transporter inhibition on the distribution of cefadroxil in rat brain. Fluids Barriers CNS 2014; 11:25. [PMID: 25414790 PMCID: PMC4237734 DOI: 10.1186/2045-8118-11-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cefadroxil, a cephalosporin antibiotic, is a substrate for several membrane transporters including peptide transporter 2 (PEPT2), organic anion transporters (OATs), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs), and organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs). These transporters are expressed at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), and/or brain cells. The effect of these transporters on cefadroxil distribution in brain is unknown, especially in the extracellular and intracellular fluids within brain. METHODS Intracerebral microdialysis was used to measure unbound concentrations of cefadroxil in rat blood, striatum extracellular fluid (ECF) and lateral ventricle cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The distribution of cefadroxil in brain was compared in the absence and presence of probenecid, an inhibitor of OATs, MRPs and OATPs, where both drugs were administered intravenously. The effect of PEPT2 inhibition by intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of Ala-Ala, a substrate of PEPT2, on cefadroxil levels in brain was also evaluated. In addition, using an in vitro brain slice method, the distribution of cefadroxil in brain intracellular fluid (ICF) was studied in the absence and presence of transport inhibitors (probenecid for OATs, MRPs and OATPs; Ala-Ala and glycylsarcosine for PEPT2). RESULTS The ratio of unbound cefadroxil AUC in brain ECF to blood (Kp,uu,ECF) was ~2.5-fold greater during probenecid treatment. In contrast, the ratio of cefadroxil AUC in CSF to blood (Kp,uu,CSF) did not change significantly during probenecid infusion. Icv infusion of Ala-Ala did not change cefadroxil levels in brain ECF, CSF or blood. In the brain slice study, Ala-Ala and glycylsarcosine decreased the unbound volume of distribution of cefadroxil in brain (Vu,brain), indicating a reduction in cefadroxil accumulation in brain cells. In contrast, probenecid increased cefadroxil accumulation in brain cells, as indicated by a greater value for Vu,brain. CONCLUSIONS Transporters (OATs, MRPs, and perhaps OATPs) that can be inhibited by probenecid play an important role in mediating the brain-to-blood efflux of cefadroxil at the BBB. The uptake of cefadroxil in brain cells involves both the influx transporter PEPT2 and efflux transporters (probenecid-inhibitable). These findings demonstrate that drug-drug interactions via relevant transporters may affect the distribution of cephalosporins in both brain ECF and ICF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mi 48109 USA ; Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Translational PKPD Research Group, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irena Loryan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Translational PKPD Research Group, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maryam Payan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Translational PKPD Research Group, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden ; Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - David E Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mi 48109 USA
| | - Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Translational PKPD Research Group, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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40
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Noysang C, Mahringer A, Zeino M, Saeed M, Luanratana O, Fricker G, Bauer R, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity and inhibition of P-glycoprotein by selected medicinal plants from Thailand. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:633-641. [PMID: 24929106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Thai medicine has a long tradition of tonifying medicinal plants. In the present investigation, we studied the flower extracts of Jasminum sambac, Mammea siamensis, Mesua ferrea, Michelia alba, Mimusops elengi, and Nelumbo nucifera and speculated that these plants might influence metabolism and substance flow in the body. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolation of porcine brain capillary endothelial cells (PBCECs) as well as multidrug-resistance CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells, MDA-M;B-231 breast cancer, U-251 brain tumor, and HCT-116 colon cancer cells were used. The calcein-acetoxymethylester (AM) assay was used to measure inhibition of P-glycoprotein transport. XTT and resazurin assays served for measuring cytotoxicity. RESULTS The extracts revealed cytotoxicity towards CCRF-CEM leukemia cells to a different extent. The strongest growth inhibition was found for the n-hexane extracts of Mammea siamensis and Mesua ferrea, and the dichloromethane extracts of Mesua ferrea and Michelia alba. The flower extracts also inhibited P-glycoprotein function in porcine brain capillary endothelial cells and CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells, indicating modulation of the blood-brain barrier and multidrug resistance of tumors. Bioactivity-guided isolation of coumarins from Mammea siamensis flowers revealed considerable cytotoxicity of mammea A/AA, deacetylmammea E/BA and deacetylmammea E/BB towards human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer, U-251 brain tumor, HCT-116 colon cancer, and CCRF-CEM leukemia cells. CONCLUSION The plants analyzed may be valuable in developing novel treatment strategies to overcome the blood-brain barrier and multidrug-resistance in tumor cells mediated by P-glycoprotein.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects
- Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism
- Brain/blood supply
- Brain/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Flowers
- Humans
- Medicine, East Asian Traditional
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Swine
- Thailand
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanai Noysang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Thai Traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology Thayaburi, Phathumthani, Thailand
| | - Anne Mahringer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maen Zeino
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamed Saeed
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Omboon Luanratana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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41
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Tan KW, Cooney J, Jensen D, Li Y, Paxton JW, Birch NP, Scheepens A. Hop-derived prenylflavonoids are substrates and inhibitors of the efflux transporter breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2099-110. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kee W. Tan
- Food Innovation; The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; Auckland New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Janine Cooney
- Food Innovation; The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Dwayne Jensen
- Food Innovation; The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Yan Li
- School of Interprofessional Health Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences; Auckland University of Technology; Auckland New Zealand
| | - James W. Paxton
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Nigel P. Birch
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Arjan Scheepens
- Food Innovation; The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; Auckland New Zealand
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42
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Experimental tools to monitor the dynamics of endothelial barrier function: a survey of in vitro approaches. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 355:485-514. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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43
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Wheeler CJ, Seksenyan A, Koronyo Y, Rentsendorj A, Sarayba D, Wu H, Gragg A, Siegel E, Thomas D, Espinosa A, Thompson K, Black K, Koronyo-Hamaoui M, Pechnick R, Irvin DK. T-Lymphocyte Deficiency Exacerbates Behavioral Deficits in the 6-OHDA Unilateral Lesion Rat Model for Parkinson's Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 5. [PMID: 25346865 PMCID: PMC4207300 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562.1000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
T-lymphocytes have been previously implicated in protecting dopaminergic neurons in the substantianigra from induced cell death. However, the role of T-cells in neurodegenerative models such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) has not been fully elucidated. To examine the role of T-lymphocytes on motor behavior in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) unilateral striatal partial lesion PD rat model, we assessed progression of hemi-parkinsonian lesions in the substantia nigra, induced by 6-OHDA striatal injections, in athymic rats (RNU−/−, T-lymphocyte-deficient) as compared to RNU−/+ rats (phenotypically normal). Motor skills were determined by the cylinder and D-amphetamine sulfate-induced rotational behavioral tests. Cylinder behavioral test showed no significant difference between unilaterally lesioned RNU−/− and RNU−/+ rats. However both unilaterally lesioned RNU−/− and RNU−/+ rats favored the use of the limb ipsilateral to lesion. Additionally, amphetamine-induced rotational test revealed greater rotational asymmetry in RNU−/− rats compared to RNU−/+ rats at two- and six-week post-lesion. Quantitative immunohistochemistry confirmed loss of striatal TH-immunopositive fibers in RNU−/− and RNU−/+ rat, as well as blood-brain-barrier changes associated with PD that may influence passage of immune cells into the central nervous system in RNU−/− brains. Specifically, GFAP immunopositive cells were decreased, as were astrocytic end-feet (AQP4) contacting blood vessels (laminin) in the lesioned relative to contralateral striatum. Flow cytometric analysis in 6-OHDA lesioned RNU−/+rats revealed increased CD4+ and decreased CD8+ T cells specifically within lesioned brain. These results suggest that both major T cell subpopulations are significantly and reciprocally altered following 6-OHDA-lesioning, and that global T cell deficiency exacerbates motor behavioral defects in this rat model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Wheeler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA; Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA
| | - Akop Seksenyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA; Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA
| | - Yosef Koronyo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA; Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA
| | - Altan Rentsendorj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA; Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA
| | - Danielle Sarayba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA; Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA
| | - Henry Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA; Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA
| | - Ashley Gragg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA; Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA
| | - Emily Siegel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA; Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA
| | - Deborah Thomas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA; Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA
| | - Andres Espinosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA; Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA
| | - Kerry Thompson
- Department of Biology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA
| | - Keith Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA; Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA; Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA
| | - Robert Pechnick
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Dwain K Irvin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA; Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA
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Milazzo L, Falvella FS, Magni C, Gervasoni C, Peri AM, Cattaneo D, Antinori S, Vidale S. Seizures in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with NS3/4A protease inhibitors: does pharmacological interaction play a role? Pharmacology 2013; 92:235-7. [PMID: 24192929 DOI: 10.1159/000355836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The addition of NS3/4A protease inhibitors boceprevir and telaprevir to pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN)-α and ribavirin for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1-infected patients has led to higher rates of virological response and adverse events. Among the several side effects of interferon, neuropsychiatric symptoms have been described, particularly depression and anxiety, occurring in about 25% of patients. Although seizures have been reported in interferon-treated patients with multiple sclerosis and in a variety of malignancies, the epileptogenic potential of interferon-α in the treatment of HCV infection is considered minimal. In this report we present a new onset of seizures occurring in 2 patients during anti-HCV therapy in association with Peg-IFN, ribavirin and HCV protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Milazzo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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45
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Palmer AM, Alavijeh MS. Overview of experimental models of the blood-brain barrier in CNS drug discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 62:7.15.1-7.15.30. [PMID: 24510719 DOI: 10.1002/0471141755.ph0715s62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a physical and metabolic entity that isolates the brain from the systemic circulation. The barrier consists of tight junctions between endothelial cells that contain egress transporters and catabolic enzymes. To cross the BBB, a drug must possess the appropriate physicochemical properties to achieve a sufficient time-concentration profile in brain interstitial fluid (ISF). In this overview, we review techniques to measure BBB permeation, which is evidenced by the free concentration of compound in brain ISF over time. We consider a number of measurement techniques, including in vivo microdialysis and brain receptor occupancy following perfusion. Consideration is also given to the endothelial and nonendothelial cell systems used to assess both the BBB permeation of a test compound and its interactions with egress transporters, and computer models employed for predicting passive permeation and the probability of interactions with BBB transporters.
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46
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Design of brain imaging agents for positron emission tomography: do large bioconjugates provide an opportunity for in vivo brain imaging? Future Med Chem 2013; 5:1621-34. [PMID: 24047268 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of brain imaging agents for positron emission tomography and other in vivo imaging modalities mostly relies on small compounds of low MW as a result of the restricted transport of larger molecules, such as peptides and proteins, across the blood–brain barrier. Besides passive transport, only a few active carrier mechanisms, such as glucose transporters and amino acid transporters, have so far been exploited to mediate the accumulation of imaging probes in the brain. An important question for the future is whether some of the abundant active carrier systems located at the blood–brain barrier can be used to shuttle potential, but non-crossing, imaging agents into the brain. What are the biological and chemical constrictions toward such bioconjugates and is it worthwhile to persue such a delivery strategy?
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Lenhard T, Hülsermann U, Martinez-Torres F, Fricker G, Meyding-Lamadé U. A simple method to quickly and simultaneously purify and enrich intact rat brain microcapillaries and endothelial and glial cells for ex vivo studies and cell culture. Brain Res 2013; 1519:9-18. [PMID: 23665392 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is morphologically composed of cerebral microcapillary endothelium through its tight junctions. It serves as a mechanical, metabolic and cellular barrier and can also protect the brain from pathogen invasion. Many brain diseases involve a disturbance of blood-brain barrier function either as a consequence of a noxa or as primary failure. In vitro models of the blood-brain barrier are suitable tools to study drug transport, pathogen transmigration and leukocyte diapedesis across the cerebral endothelium. Such models have previously been derived mainly from porcine or bovine brain tissues. We describe here a simple method by which rat cerebral microcapillaries and cells of glial origin can be quickly and simultaneously purified. By using a capillary fragment size restriction method based on glass bead columns different fractions can be separated: vital, long capillary fragments for ex vivo uptake studies and smaller capillary fragments for endothelial culture. Furthermore, fractions can be obtained for astroglial and oligodendroglial cell cultures. With this method both microcapillary enrichment and glial cell purification are quickly achieved, which reduces expenditure, number of required animals and laboratory working time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Lenhard
- Neuroinfectious Diseases Group, Otto-Meyerhof-Center for Clinical Research, INF350, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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48
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A detailed method for preparation of a functional and flexible blood-brain barrier model using porcine brain endothelial cells. Brain Res 2013; 1521:16-30. [PMID: 23603406 PMCID: PMC3694295 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by the endothelial cells of cerebral microvessels and forms the critical interface regulating molecular flux between blood and brain. It contributes to homoeostasis of the microenvironment of the central nervous system and protection from pathogens and toxins. Key features of the BBB phenotype are presence of complex intercellular tight junctions giving a high transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), and strongly polarised (apical:basal) localisation of transporters and receptors. In vitro BBB models have been developed from primary culture of brain endothelial cells of several mammalian species, but most require exposure to astrocytic factors to maintain the BBB phenotype. Other limitations include complicated procedures for isolation, poor yield and batch-to-batch variability. Some immortalised brain endothelial cell models have proved useful for transport studies but most lack certain BBB features and have low TEER. We have developed an in vitro BBB model using primary cultured porcine brain endothelial cells (PBECs) which is relatively simple to prepare, robust, and reliably gives high TEER (mean~800 Ω cm(2)); it also shows good functional expression of key tight junction proteins, transporters, receptors and enzymes. The model can be used either in monoculture, for studies of molecular flux including permeability screening, or in co-culture with astrocytes when certain specialised features (e.g. receptor-mediated transcytosis) need to be maximally expressed. It is also suitable for a range of studies of cell:cell interaction in normal physiology and in pathology. The method for isolating and growing the PBECs is given in detail to facilitate adoption of the model. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Companion Paper.
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Dahlin A, Geier E, Stocker SL, Cropp CD, Grigorenko E, Bloomer M, Siegenthaler J, Xu L, Basile AS, Tang-Liu DDS, Giacomini KM. Gene expression profiling of transporters in the solute carrier and ATP-binding cassette superfamilies in human eye substructures. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:650-63. [PMID: 23268600 DOI: 10.1021/mp300429e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The barrier epithelia of the cornea and retina control drug and nutrient access to various compartments of the human eye. While ocular transporters are likely to play a critical role in homeostasis and drug delivery, little is known about their expression, localization and function. In this study, the mRNA expression levels of 445 transporters, metabolic enzymes, transcription factors and nuclear receptors were profiled in five regions of the human eye: cornea, iris, ciliary body, choroid and retina. Through RNA expression profiling and immunohistochemistry, several transporters were identified as putative targets for drug transport in ocular tissues. Our analysis identified SLC22A7 (OAT2), a carrier for the antiviral drug acyclovir, in the corneal epithelium, in addition to ABCG2 (BCRP), an important xenobiotic efflux pump, in retinal nerve fibers and the retinal pigment epithelium. Collectively, our results provide an understanding of the transporters that serve to maintain ocular homeostasis and which may be potential targets for drug delivery to deep compartments of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Dahlin
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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Multiple sclerosis and the blood-central nervous system barrier. Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol 2013; 2013:530356. [PMID: 23401746 PMCID: PMC3562587 DOI: 10.1155/2013/530356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is isolated from the blood system by a physical barrier that contains efflux transporters and catabolic enzymes. This blood-CNS barrier (BCNSB) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). It binds and anchors activated leukocytes to permit their movement across the BCNSB and into the CNS. Once there, these immune cells target particular self-epitopes and initiate a cascade of neuroinflammation, which leads to the breakdown of the BCNSB and the formation of perivascular plaques, one of the hallmarks of MS. Immunomodulatory drugs for MS are either biologics or small molecules, with only the latter having the capacity to cross the BCNSB and thus have a propensity to cause CNS side effects. However, BCNSB penetration is a desirable feature of MS drugs that have molecular targets within the CNS. These are nabiximols and dalfampridine, which target cannabinoid receptors and potassium channels, respectively. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, present on endothelial cells of the BCNSB, also serves as a drug discovery target since it interacts with α4-β1-integrin on leucocytes. The MS drug natalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against α4-β1-integrin, blocks this interaction and thus reduces the movement of immune cells into the CNS. This paper further elaborates on the role of the BCNSB in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of MS.
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