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Cuartero MI, García-Culebras A, Nieto-Vaquero C, Fraga E, Torres-López C, Pradillo J, Lizasoain I, Moro MÁ. The role of gut microbiota in cerebrovascular disease and related dementia. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:816-839. [PMID: 37328270 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing evidence suggests that commensal microbiota may play an important role not only in health but also in disease including cerebrovascular disease. Gut microbes impact physiology, at least in part, by metabolizing dietary factors and host-derived substrates and then generating active compounds including toxins. The purpose of this current review is to highlight the complex interplay between microbiota, their metabolites. and essential functions for human health, ranging from regulation of the metabolism and the immune system to modulation of brain development and function. We discuss the role of gut dysbiosis in cerebrovascular disease, specifically in acute and chronic stroke phases, and the possible implication of intestinal microbiota in post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia, and we identify potential therapeutic opportunities of targeting microbiota in this context. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue From Alzheimer's Disease to Vascular Dementia: Different Roads Leading to Cognitive Decline. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Cuartero
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia García-Culebras
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Nieto-Vaquero
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Fraga
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Torres-López
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pradillo
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lizasoain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Moro
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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Tortella L, Santini I, Lozano N, Kostarelos K, Cellot G, Ballerini L. Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Hamper Glutamate Mediated Excitotoxicity and Protect Neuronal Survival In An In vitro Stroke Model. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301762. [PMID: 37706581 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Small graphene oxide (s-GO) nanosheets reversibly downregulate central nervous system (CNS) excitatory synapses, with potential developments as future therapeutic tools to treat neuro-disorders characterized by altered glutamatergic transmission. Excitotoxicity, namely cell death triggered by exceeding ambient glutamate fueling over-activation of excitatory synapses, is a pathogenic mechanism shared by several neural diseases, from ischemic stroke to neurodegenerative disorders. In this work, CNS cultures were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) to mimic ischemic stroke in vitro, and it is show that the delivery of s-GO following OGD, during the endogenous build-up of secondary damage and excitotoxicity, improved neuronal survival. In a different paradigm, excitotoxicity cell damage was reproduced through exogenous glutamate application, and s-GO co-treatment protected neuronal integrity, potentially by directly downregulating the synaptic over-activation brought about by exogenous glutamate. This proof-of-concept study suggests that s-GO may find novel applications in therapeutic developments for treating excitotoxicity-driven neural cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Tortella
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - Irene Santini
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - Neus Lozano
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Nanomedicine Lab, and Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Giada Cellot
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Ballerini
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
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Li S, Zhu P, Wang Y, Huang S, Wu Z, He J, Hu X, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Zhao B, Ma G, Li Y. miR-181a targets PTEN to mediate the neuronal injury caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2077-2091. [PMID: 37178238 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the microRNA-181 (miR-181) family performs various roles in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury (CIRI). MiR-181a has been identified as a critical determinant of neuronal survival. Moreover, the significance of miR-181a in controlling neuronal death after CIRI has received little attention. The objective of this study was to assess the role of miR-181a in neuronal cell injury after CIRI. To mimic the in-vitro and in-vivo CIRI, we developed an oxygen-glucose deficiency/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in SH-SY5Y cells and a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats. MiR-181a expression was significantly higher in both in-vivo and in-vitro CIRI models. The overexpression of miR-181a increased cell damage and oxidative stress caused by OGD/R, whereas inhibition of miR-181a reduced both. PTEN has also been found to be a direct miR-181a target. PTEN overexpression reduced cell apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by miR-181a upregulation under an OGD/R condition. Furthermore, we found that the rs322931 A allele was related to increased miR-181a levels in IS peripheral blood and higher susceptibility to IS. The current results offer new insights into the understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of CIRI, as well as possible new treatment candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Peiyi Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Shunde Maternal and Children's Hospital, Maternal and Children's Health Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Shunde, 528300, China
| | - Shaoting Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Zhaochun Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Jiawen He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Xingjuan Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yanquan Yuan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Guoda Ma
- Shunde Maternal and Children's Hospital, Maternal and Children's Health Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Shunde, 528300, China.
| | - You Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
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Ang HP, Makpol S, Nasaruddin ML, Ahmad NS, Tan JK, Wan Zaidi WA, Embong H. Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Delirium-like Behaviour in a Rat Model of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Is Associated with Increased Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression and Endotoxin Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12248. [PMID: 37569622 PMCID: PMC10418785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway (TRP-KP) are upregulated in ageing and could be implicated in the pathogenesis of delirium. This study evaluated the role of IDO/KP in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced delirium in an animal model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), a proposed model for delirium. CCH was induced by a permanent bilateral common carotid artery ligation (BCCAL) in Sprague Dawley rats to trigger chronic neuroinflammation-induced neurodegeneration. Eight weeks after permanent BCCAL, the rats were treated with a single systemic LPS. The rats were divided into three groups: (1) post-BCCAL rats treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) saline, (2) post-BCCAL rats treated with i.p. LPS 100 μg/kg, and (3) sham-operated rats treated with i.p. LPS 100 μg/kg. Each group consisted of 10 male rats. To elucidate the LPS-induced delirium-like behaviour, natural and learned behaviour changes were assessed by a buried food test (BFT), open field test (OFT), and Y-maze test at 0, 24-, 48-, and 72 h after LPS treatment. Serum was collected after each session of behavioural assessment. The rats were euthanised after the last serum collection, and the hippocampi and cerebral cortex were collected. The TRP-KP neuroactive metabolites were measured in both serum and brain tissues using ELISA. Our data show that LPS treatment in CCH rats was associated with acute, transient, and fluctuated deficits in natural and learned behaviour, consistent with features of delirium. These behaviour deficits were mild compared to the sham-operated rats, which exhibited robust behaviour impairments. Additionally, heightened hippocampal IDO expression in the LPS-treated CCH rats was associated with reduced serum KP activity together with a decrease in the hippocampal quinolinic acid (QA) expression compared to the sham-operated rats, suggested for the presence of endotoxin tolerance through the immunomodulatory activity of IDO in the brain. These data provide new insight into the underlying mechanisms of delirium, and future studies should further explore the role of IDO modulation and its therapeutic potential in delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Phing Ang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (N.S.A.)
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.L.N.); (J.K.T.)
| | - Muhammad Luqman Nasaruddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.L.N.); (J.K.T.)
| | - Nurul Saadah Ahmad
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (N.S.A.)
| | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.L.N.); (J.K.T.)
| | - Wan Asyraf Wan Zaidi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Hashim Embong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (N.S.A.)
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Dehhaghi M, Heng B, Guillemin GJ. The kynurenine pathway in traumatic brain injuries and concussion. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1210453. [PMID: 37360356 PMCID: PMC10289013 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1210453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 10 million people per annum experience traumatic brain injury (TBI), 80-90% of which are categorized as mild. A hit to the brain can cause TBI, which can lead to secondary brain injuries within minutes to weeks after the initial injury through unknown mechanisms. However, it is assumed that neurochemical changes due to inflammation, excitotoxicity, reactive oxygen species, etc., that are triggered by TBI are associated with the emergence of secondary brain injuries. The kynurenine pathway (KP) is an important pathway that gets significantly overactivated during inflammation. Some KP metabolites such as QUIN have neurotoxic effects suggesting a possible mechanism through which TBI can cause secondary brain injury. That said, this review scrutinizes the potential association between KP and TBI. A more detailed understanding of the changes in KP metabolites during TBI is essential to prevent the onset or at least attenuate the severity of secondary brain injuries. Moreover, this information is crucial for the development of biomarker/s to probe the severity of TBI and predict the risk of secondary brain injuries. Overall, this review tries to fill the knowledge gap about the role of the KP in TBI and highlights the areas that need to be studied.
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Effects and Mechanisms of Exosomes from Different Sources in Cerebral Ischemia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223623. [PMID: 36429051 PMCID: PMC9688936 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia refers to the symptom of insufficient blood supply to the brain. Cells of many different origins participate in the process of repairing damage after cerebral ischemia occurs, in which exosomes secreted by the cells play important roles. For their characteristics, such as small molecular weight, low immunogenicity, and the easy penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), exosomes can mediate cell-to-cell communication under pathophysiological conditions. In cerebral ischemia, exosomes can reduce neuronal damage and improve the brain microenvironment by regulating inflammation, mediating pyroptosis, promoting axonal growth, and stimulating vascular remodeling. Therefore, exosomes have an excellent application prospect for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. This article reviews the roles and mechanisms of exosomes from different sources in cerebral ischemia and provides new ideas for the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Yang W, Wang H, Guo Q, Xu X, Guo T, Sun L. Roles of TRPV4 in Regulating Circulating Angiogenic Cells to Promote Coronary Microvascular Regeneration. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 16:414-426. [PMID: 36103035 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanisms underlying TRPV4 regulating angiogenesis by enhancing the activity of CACs, we detected the angiogenesis ability of HUVEC co-cultured with CACs, the effects of ILK on TRPV4 expression and CACs activity, and the impacts of TRPV4 agonist or inhibitor on cardio-protection of AMI rats with or without CAC transplantation. ILK overexpression or TRPV4 agonist promoted the angiogenesis in HUVEC co-cultured with CACs. ILK overexpression or activation upregulated TRPV4 expression in CACs, while TRPV4 agonist stimulation also regulated ILK expression. TRPV4 agonist effectively improved the myocardial function of AMI rats. Moreover, this effect could be strengthened when combined with CAC transplantation, as CAC transplantation dramatically upregulated the expression of ILK and TRPV4 in heart tissues of AMI rats. Thus, the application of TRPV4 agonist may maintain the activity of CACs to promote angiogenesis and microcirculation reconstruction in the area of myocardial infarction and substantially improve the therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Qiuzhe Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaocui Xu
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, China.
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, China.
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Fan X, Wang S, Hu S, Yang B, Zhang H. Host-microbiota interactions: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the acute and chronic phases of cerebral ischemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967300. [PMID: 36032153 PMCID: PMC9411800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between gut microbiota and brain function has been studied intensively in recent years, and gut microbiota has been linked to a couple of neurological disorders including stroke. There are multiple studies linking gut microbiota to stroke in the “microbiota-gut-brain” axis. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an important mediator of acute ischemic damage and can result in subsequent neuroinflammation. AHR can affect these responses by sensing microbiota metabolites especially tryptophan metabolites and is engaged in the regulation of acute ischemic brain injury and chronic neuroinflammation after stroke. As an important regulator in the “microbiota-gut-brain” axis, AHR has the potential to be used as a new therapeutic target for ischemic stroke treatment. In this review, we discuss the research progress on AHR regarding its role in ischemic stroke and prospects to be used as a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke treatment, aiming to provide a potential direction for the development of new treatments for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuqi Hu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingjie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Zhang,
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Ji H, Jin H, Li G, Jin L, Ren X, Lv Y, Wang Y. Artemisinin protects against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury via inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:871-881. [PMID: 35950034 PMCID: PMC9096231 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study investigated whether artemisinin (ART) exerts a neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Hypoxia-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) of SH-SY5Y cells were used as the I/R injury model in vitro. Cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured. Cell apoptosis and apoptosis-associated protein expression were determined via flow cytometry and western blotting, respectively. The levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde were determined. The secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β was measured using ELISA. The activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway was also determined. The indicated ART concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 μM) had no significant effect on SH-SY5Y cell viability and LDH activity. ART promoted cell viability, reduced cell apoptosis, repressed cellular inflammation, and inhibited cellular oxidative stress and NF-κB signaling pathway in OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, all the protective effects of ART on OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury were significantly reversed by an NF-κB agonist. In conclusion, ART protects neurons from OGD/R-induced damage in vitro by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggest that ART may be a potential agent for the treatment of cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ji
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , Heilongjiang 161006 , China
| | - Haifeng Jin
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , Heilongjiang 161006 , China
| | - Guangwei Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , Heilongjiang 161006 , China
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , Heilongjiang 161006 , China
| | - Xiaoxu Ren
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , Heilongjiang 161006 , China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , Heilongjiang 161006 , China
| | - Yuchun Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , Heilongjiang 161006 , China
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Meier TB, Savitz J. The Kynurenine Pathway in Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications for Psychiatric Outcomes. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:449-458. [PMID: 34266671 PMCID: PMC8630076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an established risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders, especially depression and anxiety. However, the mechanistic pathways underlying this risk remain unclear, limiting treatment options and hindering the identification of clinically useful biomarkers. One salient pathophysiological process implicated in both primary psychiatric disorders and TBI is inflammation. An important consequence of inflammation is the increased breakdown of tryptophan to kynurenine and, subsequently, the metabolism of kynurenine into several neuroactive metabolites, including the neurotoxic NMDA receptor agonist quinolinic acid and the neuroprotective NMDA receptor antagonist kynurenic acid. Here, we review studies of the kynurenine pathway (KP) in TBI and examine their potential clinical implications. The weight of the literature suggests that there is increased production of neurotoxic kynurenines such as quinolinic acid in TBI of all severities and that elevated quinolinic acid concentrations in both the cerebrospinal fluid and blood are a negative prognostic indicator, being associated with death, magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities, increased depressive and anxiety symptoms, and prolonged recovery. We hypothesize that an imbalance in KP metabolism is also one molecular pathway through which the TBI-induced neurometabolic cascade may predispose to the development of psychiatric sequelae. If this model is correct, KP metabolites could serve to predict who is likely to develop psychiatric illness while drugs that target the KP could help to prevent or treat depression and anxiety arising in the context of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B. Meier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,Corresponding author: Timothy Meier, PhD, 414-955-7310, , Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma,Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
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11
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Saccaro LF, Pico F, Chadenat ML, Richard O, Launay JM, Bastenaire B, Jullien P, Lambert J, Feuga V, Macquet M, Callebert J, Lambert Y, Spreux-Varoquaux O. Platelet, Plasma, Urinary Tryptophan-Serotonin-Kynurenine Axis Markers in Hyperacute Brain Ischemia Patients: A Prospective Study. Front Neurol 2022; 12:782317. [PMID: 35087467 PMCID: PMC8787359 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.782317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Ischemic stroke is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality and has numerous clinical mimics. Previous studies have suggested a potential role of the tryptophan-serotonin (5-HT)-kynurenine (TSK) axis in ischemic stroke. Studies assessing this axis in the hyperacute phase of ischemic stroke (<4.5 h) are lacking. This prospective study thus evaluates the TSK axis in transient ischemic attack (TIA) and hyperacute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Methods: This study included 28 patients (24 AIS and 4 TIA) and 29 controls. The blood and urine samples of patient were collected within 4.5 h of symptoms onset (day 0, D0), then at 24 h and 3 months. Control blood and urine samples were collected once (D0). The TSK axis markers measured were platelet serotonin transporter (SERT) and 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) densities and platelet, plasma, and urinary 5-HT, plasma and urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), and plasma kynurenine and tryptophan (TRP) levels. Results: At D0, patients exhibited a lower (p = 10−5) platelet SERT density, higher (p < 10−6) platelet 5-HT2AR density, higher (p = 10−5) plasma kynurenine/tryptophan (K/T) ratio, and higher urinary 5-HT (p = 0.011) and 5-HIAA (p = 0.003) levels than controls. Conclusions: We observed, for the first time, a hyperacute dysregulation of the serotonergic axis, and hyperacute and long-lasting activation of the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi F Saccaro
- Neurology and Stroke Care Unit, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Fernando Pico
- Neurology and Stroke Care Unit, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay, France
| | | | - Olivier Richard
- Department of Emergency, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Jullien
- Department of Anesthesia-Intensive Care, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Jerôme Lambert
- Saint-Louis Hospital, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Information, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Feuga
- Department of Psychiatry , Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Maryline Macquet
- Pharmacology, Service de Biologie Médicale, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay and University of Versailles, Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, France
| | | | - Yves Lambert
- Department of Emergency, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Odile Spreux-Varoquaux
- Pharmacology, Service de Biologie Médicale, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay and University of Versailles, Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, France
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12
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Huang Y, Zhao M, Chen X, Zhang R, Le A, Hong M, Zhang Y, Jia L, Zang W, Jiang C, Wang J, Fan X, Wang J. Tryptophan Metabolism in Central Nervous System Diseases: Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Aging Dis 2022; 14:858-878. [PMID: 37191427 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of L-tryptophan (TRP) regulates homeostasis, immunity, and neuronal function. Altered TRP metabolism has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various diseases of the central nervous system. TRP is metabolized through two main pathways, the kynurenine pathway and the methoxyindole pathway. First, TRP is metabolized to kynurenine, then kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid, anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, and finally 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid along the kynurenine pathway. Second, TRP is metabolized to serotonin and melatonin along the methoxyindole pathway. In this review, we summarize the biological properties of key metabolites and their pathogenic functions in 12 disorders of the central nervous system: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. Furthermore, we summarize preclinical and clinical studies, mainly since 2015, that investigated the metabolic pathway of TRP, focusing on changes in biomarkers of these neurologic disorders, their pathogenic implications, and potential therapeutic strategies targeting this metabolic pathway. This critical, comprehensive, and up-to-date review helps identify promising directions for future preclinical, clinical, and translational research on neuropsychiatric disorders.
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13
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Rengasamy M, Marsland A, Spada M, Hsiung K, Kovats T, Price RB. A chicken and egg scenario in psychoneuroimmunology: Bidirectional mechanisms linking cytokines and depression. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021; 6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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14
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The Kynurenine Pathway as a Potential Target for Neuropathic Pain Therapy Design: From Basic Research to Clinical Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011055. [PMID: 34681715 PMCID: PMC8537209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests the key role of the kynurenine pathway (KP) of the tryptophan metabolism in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Despite extensive research aimed at clarifying the mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain, the roles of KP metabolites in this process are still not fully known. Although the function of the peripheral KP has been known for several years, it has only recently been acknowledged that its metabolites within the central nervous system have remarkable consequences related to physiology and behavior. Both the products and metabolites of the KP are involved in the pathogenesis of pain conditions. Apart from the neuroactive properties of kynurenines, the KP regulates several neurotransmitter systems in direct or indirect ways. Some neuroactive metabolites are known to have neuroprotective properties (kynurenic acid, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cofactor), while others are toxic (3-hydroxykynurenine, quinolinic acid). Numerous animal models show that modulation of the KP may turn out to be a viable target for the treatment of diseases. Importantly, some compounds that affect KP enzymes are currently described to possess analgesic properties. Additionally, kynurenine metabolites may be useful for assessing response to therapy or as biomarkers in therapeutic monitoring. The following review describes the molecular site of action and changes in the levels of metabolites of the kynurenine pathway in the pathogenesis of various conditions, with a particular emphasis on their involvement in neuropathy. Moreover, the potential clinical implications of KP modulation in chronic pain therapy as well as the directions of new research initiatives are discussed.
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15
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Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the kynurenine pathway in stroke patients. Neuroreport 2021; 31:629-636. [PMID: 32427708 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves depressive symptoms and motor function in stroke patients. While metabolic derangement of the kynurenine pathway has been reported in stroke patients, the effect of rTMS on this pathway remains unknown. This study was performed to investigate the effect of rTMS on serum levels of kynurenine and tryptophan in stroke patients. METHODS Sixty-two stroke patients received rTMS in addition to intensive rehabilitation and 33 stroke patients received intensive rehabilitation alone for 14 days. The rTMS involved low-frequency stimulation (at 1 Hz) of the primary motor cortex on the unaffected side of the cerebrum. The depressive state of the patients was evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) before and after treatment. Motor function of the patients was evaluated with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA). Serum levels of kynurenine and tryptophan levels were also measured before and after treatment. RESULTS The serum tryptophan level decreased in the group receiving rTMS to the right brain and increased in the group receiving rTMS to the left brain. The serum kynurenine/tryptophan ratio was elevated in the group receiving rTMS to the right brain. The BDI indicated improvement of depressive symptoms in the rehabilitation alone group and the group receiving rTMS to the right brain plus rehabilitation. The FMA improved in all groups. CONCLUSIONS The effect of low-frequency rTMS on the kynurenine pathway may differ depending on whether it is applied to the right or left cerebral hemisphere.
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16
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Liu R, Li H, Deng J, Wu Q, Liao C, Xiao Q, Chang Q. QKI 6 ameliorates CIRI through promoting synthesis of triglyceride in neuron and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis associated with SIRT1-PPARγ-PGC-1α axis. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2271. [PMID: 34227244 PMCID: PMC8413718 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stroke induced by ischemia of brain remains high incidence and death rate. The study wanted to confirm the effects of Quaking 6 (QKI 6) on the protection role in neurons of rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). MATERIAL AND METHODS The rat model with CIRI induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion was well established and rat neurons were isolated to characterize the effects of QKI 6 mediated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) on synthesis of triglyceride in neuron and neuronal apoptosis via activation of SIRT1-peroxisome proliferater-activated receptor (PPAR)γ- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator (PGC)-1α signaling pathway. RESULTS The expression levels of SIRT1 or QKI 6, and acetylation level of QKI 6 were decreased in neurons of rat model with CIRI. QKI 6 deacetylated and mediated by SIRT1 that contributed to suppressing the progression of neuronal apoptosis in rat through promoting synthesis of triglyceride in vivo and in vitro via SIRT1-PPARγ-PGC-1α signaling pathway, then inhibiting CIRI. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated SIRT1 deacetylates QKI 6, the RNA-binding protein, that affects significantly the synthesis of triglyceride in neurons of CIRI rat model. Moreover, it activated transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) through post-transcriptional regulation of the expression of PPARγ, and further enhanced synthesis of triglyceride, thereby restrained the progression of neural apoptosis and CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Hongzeng Li
- Department of Gerontology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jingyuan Deng
- Department of Encephalology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qunqiang Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Chunhua Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qun Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qi Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The 150th Central Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Luoyang, PR China
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17
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Wang L, Xu L, Du J, Zhao X, Liu M, Feng J, Hu K. Nose-to-brain delivery of borneol modified tanshinone IIA nanoparticles in prevention of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1363-1375. [PMID: 34180761 PMCID: PMC8245080 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1943058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) remains a problem due to the difficulty in drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we developed Bo-TSA-NP, a novel tanshinone IIA (TSA) loaded nanoparticles modified by borneol, which has long been proved with the ability to enhance other drugs’ transport across the BBB. The Bo-TSA-NP, with a particle size of about 160 nm, drug loading of 3.6%, showed sustained release and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition property. It demonstrated a significantly higher uptake by 16HBE cells in vitro through the clathrin/caveolae-mediated endocytosis and micropinocytosis. Following intranasal (IN) administration, Bo-TSA-NP significantly improved the preventive effect on a rat model of CIRI with improved neurological scores, decreased cerebral infarction areas and a reduced content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rat brain. In conclusion, these results indicate that Bo-TSA-NP is a promising nose-to-brain delivery system that can enhance the prevention effect of TSA on CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, The Center for TCM Standardization, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Du
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaili Hu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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18
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Zhou P, Zhou L, Shi Y, Li Z, Liu L, Zuo L, Zhang J, Liang S, Kang J, Du S, Yang J, Sun Z, Zhang X. Neuroprotective Effects of Danshen Chuanxiongqin Injection Against Ischemic Stroke: Metabolomic Insights by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS Analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:630291. [PMID: 34026822 PMCID: PMC8138457 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.630291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cerebral ischemic stroke characterized by high mortality is increasing every year. Danshen Chuanxiongqin Injection (DSCXQ), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation, is often applied to treat cerebral apoplexy and its related sequelae. However, there is a lack of systematic research on how DSCXQ mediates its protective effects against cerebral ischemia stroke. Metabolomic analysis based on UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was employed to explore the potential mechanisms of DSCXQ on ischemic stroke induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Pattern analysis and metabolomic profiling, combined by multivariate analysis disclosed that 55 differential metabolites were identified between Sham group and Model group, involving sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, primary bile acid biosynthesis, pantothenate and CoA synthesis and valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis pathways. DSCXQ could reverse brain metabolic deviations in stroke by significantly upregulating the levels of L-tryptophan, Lyso (18:0/0:0), LPC (18:2), Indole-3-methyl acetate, and downregulating the levels of sphinganine 1-phosphate, L-threonic acid, glutaconic acid and N6,N6,N6-Trimethyl-L-lysine. In our study, we focused on the neuroprotective effects of DSCXQ against neuroinflammatory responses and neuronal apoptosis on a stroke model based on sphingolipid metabolism. The expressions of Sphk1, S1PR1, CD62P, Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved Caspase-3 in brain tissue were evaluated. The neurological deficit, cerebral infarct size and behavioral abnormality were estimated. Results showed that DSCXQ intervention significantly reduced cerebral infarct size, ameliorated behavioral abnormality, inhibited the expression of Sphk1, S1PR1, CD62P, Bax, Cleaved Caspase-3, while increased the level of Bcl-2, and prevented neuronal apoptosis. The limitations are that our study mainly focused on the verification of sphingolipid metabolism pathway in stroke, and while other metabolic pathways left unverified. Our study indicates that SphK1-SIP axis may potentiate neuroinflammatory responses and mediate brain damage through neuronal apoptosis, and DSCXQ could suppress the activity of SphK1-SIP axis to protect brain tissue in cerebral ischemia. In conclusion, this study facilitates our understanding of metabolic changes in ischemia stroke and the underlying mechanisms related to the clinical application of DSCXQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhou
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingying Shi
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhuolun Li
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lihua Zuo
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Liang
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuzhang Du
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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19
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Cao H, Seto SW, Bhuyan DJ, Chan HH, Song W. Effects of Thrombin on the Neurovascular Unit in Cerebral Ischemia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:973-984. [PMID: 33392917 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality that poses a significant burden on society and the economy. About 60% of cerebral ischemia is caused by thrombus, and the formation of thrombus proceeds from insoluble fibrin, following its transformation from liquid fibrinogen. In thrombus-induced ischemia, increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), followed by the extravasation of blood components into the brain results in an altered brain microenvironment. Changes in the brain microenvironment affect brain function and the neurovascular unit (NVU), the working unit of the brain. Recent studies have reported that coagulation factors interact with the NVU and its components, but the specific function of this interaction is highly speculative and warrants further investigations. In this article, we reviewed the role of coagulation factors in cerebral ischemia and the role of coagulation factors in thrombosis. Additionally, the influence of thrombin on the NVU is introduced, as well as in the function of NVU, which may help to explore part of brain injury mechanism during ischemia. Lastly, we propose some novel therapeutic approaches on ischemic stroke by reducing the risk of coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Sai Wang Seto
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Hoi Huen Chan
- Hong Kong Community College, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wenting Song
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, 100091, China.
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20
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Török N, Tanaka M, Vécsei L. Searching for Peripheral Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolic Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9338. [PMID: 33302404 PMCID: PMC7762583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial, initiated by a series of the causative complex which develops into a certain clinical picture. The pathogenesis and disease course vary from patient to patient. Thus, it should be likewise to the treatment. Peripheral biomarkers are to play a central role for tailoring a personalized therapeutic plan for patients who suffered from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, among others. Nevertheless, the use of biomarkers in clinical practice is still underappreciated and data presented in biomarker research for clinical use is still uncompelling, compared to the abundant data available for drug research and development. So is the case with kynurenines (KYNs) and the kynurenine pathway (KP) enzymes, which have been associated with a wide range of diseases including cancer, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, neurologic diseases, and psychiatric disorders. This review article discusses current knowledge of KP alterations observed in the central nervous system as well as the periphery, its involvement in pathogenesis and disease progression, and emerging evidence of roles of microbiota in the gut-brain axis, searching for practical peripheral biomarkers which ensure personalized treatment plans for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Török
- MTA-SZTE, Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (N.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- MTA-SZTE, Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (N.T.); (M.T.)
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- MTA-SZTE, Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (N.T.); (M.T.)
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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21
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Shoaib M, Choudhary RC, Choi J, Kim N, Hayashida K, Yagi T, Yin T, Nishikimi M, Stevens JF, Becker LB, Kim J. Plasma metabolomics supports the use of long-duration cardiac arrest rodent model to study human disease by demonstrating similar metabolic alterations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19707. [PMID: 33184308 PMCID: PMC7665036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrest (CA) is a leading cause of death and there is a necessity for animal models that accurately represent human injury severity. We evaluated a rat model of severe CA injury by comparing plasma metabolic alterations to human patients. Plasma was obtained from adult human control and CA patients post-resuscitation, and from male Sprague–Dawley rats at baseline and after 20 min CA followed by 30 min cardiopulmonary bypass resuscitation. An untargeted metabolomics evaluation using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS was performed for plasma metabolome comparison. Here we show the metabolic commonality between humans and our severe injury rat model, highlighting significant metabolic dysfunction as seen by similar alterations in (1) TCA cycle metabolites, (2) tryptophan and kynurenic acid metabolites, and (3) acylcarnitine, fatty acid, and phospholipid metabolites. With substantial interspecies metabolic similarity in post-resuscitation plasma, our long duration CA rat model metabolically replicates human disease and is a suitable model for translational CA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine At Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Rishabh C Choudhary
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Nancy Kim
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine At Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Kei Hayashida
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Tsukasa Yagi
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Tai Yin
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Mitsuaki Nishikimi
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lance B Becker
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine At Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, NY, USA
| | - Junhwan Kim
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA. .,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine At Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA. .,Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, NY, USA.
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22
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Carrillo-Mora P, Pérez-De la Cruz V, Estrada-Cortés B, Toussaint-González P, Martínez-Cortéz JA, Rodríguez-Barragán M, Quinzaños-Fresnedo J, Rangel-Caballero F, Gamboa-Coria G, Sánchez-Vázquez I, Barajas-Martínez K, Franyutti-Prado K, Sánchez-Chapul L, Ramírez-Ortega D, Ramos-Chávez LA. Serum Kynurenines Correlate With Depressive Symptoms and Disability in Poststroke Patients: A Cross-sectional Study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2020; 34:936-944. [DOI: 10.1177/1545968320953671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Poststroke depression (PSD) is related to adverse functional and cognitive prognosis in stroke patients. The participation of kynurenine pathway metabolites in depression has been previously proposed; however, there are few studies on its role in PSD and disability in stroke. Objective To investigate if there is a correlation between serum kynurenines levels with poststroke anxiety and depression symptoms and disability scales. Methods A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted in patients with first stroke, of >1 month and <1 year of evolution, with no history of previous psychiatric or neurological disorders; the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), functional evaluations (Barthel index, Functional Independence Measure [FIM]) were applied and serum kynurenines (Kyns) were determined. Results Sixty patients were included; significant depressive symptoms were found in 63% of the cases; a significant and positive correlation was obtained between levels of 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) with HADS-T ( r = 0.30, P = .025) and HADS-D ( r = 0.28, P = .039). Depressed patients showed significantly higher levels of 3HK ( P = .048) and KYNA ( P = .0271) than nondepressed patients; the 3HK levels were inversely correlated with functional scales: Barthel index ( r = −0.31, P = .02), FIM ( r = −0.40, P = .01); in addition, serum 3HK levels were significantly higher in patients with poor sleep quality ( P = .0190). Conclusions Serum Kyns show correlation with the presence and severity of depressive symptoms and with the disability and sleep quality. Kyns may be a potential marker of depression risk and disability in stroke in future.
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Belov Kirdajova D, Kriska J, Tureckova J, Anderova M. Ischemia-Triggered Glutamate Excitotoxicity From the Perspective of Glial Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:51. [PMID: 32265656 PMCID: PMC7098326 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of neurological disorders shares a final common deadly pathway known as excitotoxicity. Among these disorders, ischemic injury is a prominent cause of death and disability worldwide. Brain ischemia stems from cardiac arrest or stroke, both responsible for insufficient blood supply to the brain parenchyma. Glucose and oxygen deficiency disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, which results in energy depletion and ionic imbalance, followed by cell membrane depolarization, calcium (Ca2+) overload, and extracellular accumulation of excitatory amino acid glutamate. If tight physiological regulation fails to clear the surplus of this neurotransmitter, subsequent prolonged activation of glutamate receptors forms a vicious circle between elevated concentrations of intracellular Ca2+ ions and aberrant glutamate release, aggravating the effect of this ischemic pathway. The activation of downstream Ca2+-dependent enzymes has a catastrophic impact on nervous tissue leading to cell death, accompanied by the formation of free radicals, edema, and inflammation. After decades of “neuron-centric” approaches, recent research has also finally shed some light on the role of glial cells in neurological diseases. It is becoming more and more evident that neurons and glia depend on each other. Neuronal cells, astrocytes, microglia, NG2 glia, and oligodendrocytes all have their roles in what is known as glutamate excitotoxicity. However, who is the main contributor to the ischemic pathway, and who is the unsuspecting victim? In this review article, we summarize the so-far-revealed roles of cells in the central nervous system, with particular attention to glial cells in ischemia-induced glutamate excitotoxicity, its origins, and consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Belov Kirdajova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague, Czechia.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Kriska
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague, Czechia.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Tureckova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague, Czechia
| | - Miroslava Anderova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague, Czechia.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Combined network pharmacology and virtual reverse pharmacology approaches for identification of potential targets to treat vascular dementia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:257. [PMID: 31937840 PMCID: PMC6959222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a major cause of disability and dependency among older people. If the lives of people with dementia are to be improved, research and its translation into druggable target are crucial. Ancient systems of healthcare (Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Sowa-Rigpa) have been used from centuries for the treatment vascular diseases and dementia. This traditional knowledge can be transformed into novel targets through robust interplay of network pharmacology (NetP) with reverse pharmacology (RevP), without ignoring cutting edge biomedical data. This work demonstrates interaction between recent and traditional data, and aimed at selection of most promising targets for guiding wet lab validations. PROTEOME, DisGeNE, DISEASES and DrugBank databases were used for selection of genes associated with pathogenesis and treatment of vascular dementia (VaD). The selection of new potential drug targets was made by methods of NetP (DIAMOnD algorithm, enrichment analysis of KEGG pathways and biological processes of Gene Ontology) and manual expert analysis. The structures of 1976 phytomolecules from the 573 Indian medicinal plants traditionally used for the treatment of dementia and vascular diseases were used for computational estimation of their interactions with new predicted VaD-related drug targets by RevP approach based on PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) software. We found 147 known genes associated with vascular dementia based on the analysis of the databases with gene-disease associations. Six hundred novel targets were selected by NetP methods based on 147 gene associations. The analysis of the predicted interactions between 1976 phytomolecules and 600 NetP predicted targets leaded to the selection of 10 potential drug targets for the treatment of VaD. The translational value of these targets is discussed herewith. Twenty four drugs interacting with 10 selected targets were identified from DrugBank. These drugs have not been yet studied for the treatment of VaD and may be investigated in this field for their repositioning. The relation between inhibition of two selected targets (GSK-3, PTP1B) and the treatment of VaD was confirmed by the experimental studies on animals and reported separately in our recent publications.
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25
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Mondal P, Wijeratne GB. Modeling Tryptophan/Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase with Heme Superoxide Mimics: Is Ferryl the Key Intermediate? J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1846-1856. [PMID: 31870154 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan oxidation in biology has been recently implicated in a vast array of paramount pathogenic conditions in humans, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, type-I diabetes, and cancer. This 2,3-dioxygenative cleavage of the indole ring of tryptophan with dioxygen is mediated by two heme enzymes, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), during its conversion to N-formylkynurenine in the first and rate-limiting step of kynurenine pathway. Despite the pivotal significance of this enzymatic transformation, a vivid viewpoint of the precise mechanistic events is far from complete. A heme superoxide adduct is thought to be the active oxidant in both TDO and IDO, which, following O-O bond cleavage, presumably generates a key ferryl (FeIV=O) reaction intermediate. This study, for the first time in model chemistry, demonstrates the potential of synthetic heme superoxide adducts to mimic the bioinorganic chemistry of indole dioxygenation by TDO and IDO, challenging the widely accepted categorization of these metal adducts as weak oxidants. Herein, an electronically divergent series of ferric heme superoxo oxidants mediates the facile conversion of an array of indole substrates into their corresponding 2,3-dioxygenated products, while shedding light on an unequivocally occurring, putative ferryl intermediate. The oxygenated indole products have been isolated in ∼31% yield, and characterized by LC-MS, 1H and 13C NMR, and FT-IR methodologies, as well as by 18O2(g) labeling experiments. Distinctly, the most electron-deficient superoxo adduct is observed to react the fastest, specifically with the most electron-rich indole substrate, underscoring the cruciality of electrophilicity of the heme superoxide moiety in facilitating the initial indole activation step. Comprehensive understanding of such mechanistic subtleties will benefit future attempts in the rational design of salient therapeutic agents, including next generation anticancer drug targets with amplified effectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Mondal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama 35205 , United States
| | - Gayan B Wijeratne
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama 35205 , United States
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26
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Tang YN, Zhang GF, Chen HL, Sun XP, Qin WW, Shi F, Sun LX, Xu XN, Wang MS. Selective brain hypothermia-induced neuroprotection against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is associated with Fis1 inhibition. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:903-911. [PMID: 31719256 PMCID: PMC6990783 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.268973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective brain hypothermia is considered an effective treatment for neuronal injury after stroke, and avoids the complications of general hypothermia. However, the mechanisms by which selective brain hypothermia affects mitochondrial fission remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of selective brain hypothermia on the expression of fission 1 (Fis1) protein, a key factor in the mitochondrial fission system, during focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. In the sham group, the carotid arteries were exposed only. In the other three groups, middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed using the intraluminal filament technique. After 2 hours of occlusion, the filament was slowly removed to allow blood reperfusion in the ischemia/reperfusion group. Saline, at 4°C and 37°C, were perfused through the carotid artery in the hypothermia and normothermia groups, respectively, followed by restoration of blood flow. Neurological function was assessed with the Zea Longa 5-point scoring method. Cerebral infarct volume was assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining. Fis1 and cytosolic cytochrome c levels were assessed by western blot assay. Fis1 mRNA expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Mitochondrial ultrastructure was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Compared with the sham group, apoptosis, Fis1 protein and mRNA expression and cytosolic cytochrome c levels in the cortical ischemic penumbra and cerebral infarct volume were increased after reperfusion in the other three groups. These changes caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion were inhibited in the hypothermia group compared with the normothermia group. These findings show that selective brain hypothermia inhibits Fis1 expression and reduces apoptosis, thereby ameliorating focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Experiments were authorized by the Ethics Committee of Qingdao Municipal Hospital of China (approval No. 2019008).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huai-Long Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Xin Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Na Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming-Shan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Metabolic profiling deciphering the potential targets of Yi-Gan San against vascular dementia in rat. Brain Res 2020; 1727:146512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Wang R, Li B, Lam SM, Shui G. Integration of lipidomics and metabolomics for in-depth understanding of cellular mechanism and disease progression. J Genet Genomics 2019; 47:69-83. [PMID: 32178981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based omics technologies are now widely used to profile small molecules in multiple matrices to confer comprehensive snapshots of cellular metabolic phenotypes. The metabolomes of cells, tissues, and organisms comprise a variety of molecules including lipids, amino acids, sugars, organic acids, and so on. Metabolomics mainly focus on the hydrophilic classes, while lipidomics has emerged as an independent omics owing to the complexities of the organismal lipidomes. The potential roles of lipids and small metabolites in disease pathogenesis have been widely investigated in various human diseases, but system-level understanding is largely lacking, which could be partly attributed to the insufficiency in terms of metabolite coverage and quantitation accuracy in current analytical technologies. While scientists are continuously striving to develop high-coverage omics approaches, integration of metabolomics and lipidomics is becoming an emerging approach to mechanistic investigation. Integration of metabolome and lipidome offers a complete atlas of the metabolic landscape, enabling comprehensive network analysis to identify critical metabolic drivers in disease pathology, facilitating the study of interconnection between lipids and other metabolites in disease progression. In this review, we summarize omics-based findings on the roles of lipids and metabolites in the pathogenesis of selected major diseases threatening public health. We also discuss the advantages of integrating lipidomics and metabolomics for in-depth understanding of molecular mechanism in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Lipidall Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Lipidall Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, 213000, China.
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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29
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Colpo GD, Venna VR, McCullough LD, Teixeira AL. Systematic Review on the Involvement of the Kynurenine Pathway in Stroke: Pre-clinical and Clinical Evidence. Front Neurol 2019; 10:778. [PMID: 31379727 PMCID: PMC6659442 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death after ischemic heart disease and the third leading cause of disability-adjusted life-years lost worldwide. There is a great need for developing more effective strategies to treat stroke and its resulting impairments. Among several neuroprotective strategies tested so far, the kynurenine pathway (KP) seems to be promising, but the evidence is still sparse. Methods: Here, we performed a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the involvement of KP in stroke. We searched for the keywords: (“kynurenine” or “kynurenic acid” or “quinolinic acid”) AND (“ischemia” or “stroke” or “occlusion) in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. A total of 1,130 papers was initially retrieved. Results: After careful screening, forty-five studies were included in this systematic review, being 39 pre-clinical and six clinical studies. Despite different experimental models of cerebral ischemia, the results are concordant in implicating the KP in the pathophysiology of stroke. Preclinical evidence also suggests that treatment with kynurenine and KMO inhibitors decrease infarct size and improve behavioral and cognitive outcomes. Few studies have investigated the KP in human stroke, and results are consistent with the experimental findings that the KP is activated after stroke. Conclusion: Well-designed preclinical studies addressing the expression of KP enzymes and metabolites in specific cell types and their potential effects at cellular levels alongside more clinical studies are warranted to confirm the translational potential of this pathway as a pharmacological target for stroke and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela D Colpo
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Venugopal R Venna
- BRAINS Lab, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Louise D McCullough
- BRAINS Lab, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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30
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Zhang Y, Shan Z, Zhao Y, Ai Y. Sevoflurane prevents miR-181a-induced cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:332-338. [PMID: 31170386 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sevoflurane (sevo) has been reported to be an effective neuroprotective agent in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying sevo preconditioning in CIRI remains largely unknown. METHODS A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model and primary cortical neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGDR) were used as the in vivo and in vitro models of CIRI. The expression profiles of miR-181a and X chromosome-linked inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein (XIAP) in the cerebral cortex of rats and in cortical neurons were examined by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The infarct volumes were measured by TTC staining and neurological deficits in rats was determined by Zea-Longa scoring criteria. The cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and apoptotic rate were detected in cortical neurons by MTT assay, LDH analysis and flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was performed to assess the expression of apoptosis-related protein. Luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the interaction between miR-181a and XIAP. RESULTS miR-181a was upregulated and XIAP was downregulated in rats after MCAO. Sevo preconditioning attenuated miR-181a expression and promoted XIAP level in a rat model of CIRI. Sevo preconditioning ameliorated anti-miR-181a-mediated protective effects on cerebral ischemia in rat model of CIRI, presented as the decrease of infarct volume, neurological deficit and apoptosis. Moreover, sevo pretreatment abated miR-181a-induced cellular injury in primary cortical neurons after OGD, embodied by the increase of cell viability, the reduction of LDH release and the decline of apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-181a suppressed XIAP expression by binding to its 3'UTR in cortical neurons, and sevo-mediated increase on XIAP expression was counteracted by miR-181 overexpression in OGDR-treated neurons. CONCLUSION Sevo preconditioning protected against CIRI in vitro and in vivo possibly by inhibiting miR-181a and facilitating XIAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Zhengzheng Shan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yanqiu Ai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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Quist-Paulsen E, Aukrust P, Kran AMB, Dunlop O, Ormaasen V, Stiksrud B, Midttun Ø, Ueland T, Ueland PM, Mollnes TE, Dyrhol-Riise AM. High neopterin and IP-10 levels in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with neurotoxic tryptophan metabolites in acute central nervous system infections. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:327. [PMID: 30470234 PMCID: PMC6260858 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The host response to intruders in the central nervous system (CNS) may be beneficial but could also be harmful and responsible for neurologic symptoms and sequelae in CNS infections. This immune response induces the activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) with the production of neuroactive metabolites. Herein, we explored cytokine and KP responses in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in patients with encephalitis, aseptic, and bacterial meningitis. Methods Cytokines were measured in CSF and serum by multiplex assay in adult patients with encephalitis of infectious, autoimmune or unknown etiology (n = 10), aseptic meningitis (ASM, n = 25), acute bacterial meningitis (ABM, n = 6), and disease control patients with similar symptoms but without pleocytosis in CSF (n = 42). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) was used to measure KP metabolites in CSF and serum. Results A characteristic pattern of increasing cytokine levels and KP metabolites was found in CSF from encephalitis to ASM, with the highest levels in ABM. In ASM and ABM, most inflammatory mediators, including IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), showed markedly elevated levels in CSF compared with serum, indicating production within the CNS. In contrast to most mediators, the highest level of IP-10 was found in the ASM group, suggesting a potential role for IP-10 in aseptic/viral meningitis. Neopterin and IP-10 were associated with marked changes in KP metabolites in CSF with increasing kynurenine/tryptophan ratio reflecting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity. Neopterin, a marker of IFN-γ activity, was associated with an unfavorable balance between neuroprotective and neurotoxic tryptophan metabolites. Conclusion We show that parenchymal and meningeal inflammations in CNS share a characteristic cytokine profile with a general immune response in the CSF with limited influence from the systemic circulation. IFN-γ activity, assessed by neopterin and IP-10 levels, may play a role in the activation of the KP pathway in these patients, potentially mediating neurotoxic effects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1366-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else Quist-Paulsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal Hospital, P. O. Box 4956 Nydalen, N-0450, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne-Marte Bakken Kran
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oona Dunlop
- Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar Ormaasen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal Hospital, P. O. Box 4956 Nydalen, N-0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Birgitte Stiksrud
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal Hospital, P. O. Box 4956 Nydalen, N-0450, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal Hospital, P. O. Box 4956 Nydalen, N-0450, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a sudden loss of brain function due to the reduction of blood flow. Brain tissues cease to function with subsequent activation of the ischemic cascade. Metabolomics and lipidomics are modern disciplines that characterize the metabolites and lipid components of a biological system, respectively. Because the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke is heterogeneous and multifactorial, it is crucial to establish comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic approaches to elucidate these alterations in this disease. Fortunately, metabolomic and lipidomic studies have the distinct advantages of identifying tissue/mechanism-specific biomarkers, predicting treatment and clinical outcome, and improving our understanding of the pathophysiologic basis of disease states. Therefore, recent applications of these analytical approaches in the early diagnosis of ischemic stroke were discussed. In addition, the emerging roles of metabolomics and lipidomics on ischemic stroke were summarized, in order to gain new insights into the mechanisms underlying ischemic stroke and in the search for novel metabolite biomarkers and their related pathways.
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RTN1-C mediates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via ER stress and mitochondria-associated apoptosis pathways. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3080. [PMID: 28981095 PMCID: PMC5680587 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The reticulon family has been found to induce apoptosis, inhibit axon regeneration and regulate protein trafficking. However, little is known about the mechanisms of how reticulon proteins are involved in neuronal death-promoting processes during ischemia. Here, we report that the expression of Reticulon Protein 1-C (RTN1-C) was associated with the progression of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Using a combination of rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke and oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R) models, we determined that the expression of RTN1-C was significantly increased during cerebral ischemic/reperfusion. RTN1-C overexpression induced apoptosis and increased the cell vulnerability to ischemic injury, whereas RTN1-C knockdown reversed ischemia-induced apoptosis and attenuated the vulnerability of OGD/R-treated neural cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that RTN1-C mediated OGD/R-induced apoptosis through ER stress and mitochondria-associated pathways. RTN1-C interacted with Bcl-xL and increased its localization in the ER, thus reducing the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl-xL. Most importantly, knockdown of Rtn1-c expression in vivo attenuated apoptosis in MCAO rats and reduced the extent of I/R-induced brain injury, as assessed by infarct volume and neurological score. Collectively, these data support for the first time that RTN1-C may represent a novel candidate for therapies against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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