1
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Zhu J, Yu L, Stockmann R, Liu H, Zou W. Thermal treatment of alkali lignin to eliminate its inhibition of pancreatic proteases in vitro. Food Chem 2024; 442:138412. [PMID: 38241996 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate how alkali lignin inhibits protein digestion and explore thermal treatment as a potential solution. Solid alkali lignin species pre-heated at different temperatures (150, 200, and 250 °C) and soluble acid-differentiated fractions are subjected to in vitro protein digestion. A range of techniques, including Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), Zeta Potential Analyzer, 1H NMR, Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC), and Molecular Docking, were used to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of alkali lignin on pancreatic proteases hydrolysis. Our results suggest that soluble alkali lignin inhibits pancreatic trypsin and chymotrypsin, with the acid-differentiated soluble fraction (LgpH<1) displaying the strongest inhibition and proteases' binding affinity due to the abundance of polar groups (e.g., -OH, -CHO), which facilitate hydrogen-bond formation. Furthermore, pre-heating lignin (200 °C) was confirmed effective for removing LgpH<1 and its negative nutritional influence, providing a feasible strategy for overcoming the negative impact of alkali lignin on protein digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Long Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Sino-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Knowledge City, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | | | - Hongsheng Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Sino-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Knowledge City, Guangzhou 510663, China.
| | - Wei Zou
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia.
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2
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Wang YR, Yao Y, Chen YH, Huang C, Guo YF, Fang Y, Gao SJ, Hou YM, Wang JD. A ScWIP5 gene confers fall armyworm resistance by reducing digestive enzyme activities in sugarcane. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1930-1939. [PMID: 38072905 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is one of the most dangerous pests to various crops. As the most crucial sugar crop, sugarcane is also constantly threatened by these pests. Plant wound-induced proteinase inhibitors (WIP) are natural defense proteins that play important roles in the defense system against insect attack. Breeding for resistance would be the best way to improve the variety characteristics and productivity of sugarcane. Screening and verification for potential plant endogenous insect-resistant genes would greatly improve the insect-resistant breeding progress of sugarcane. RESULTS A sugarcane WIP5 gene (ScWIP5) was up-regulated 536 times after insect feeding treatment on previous published transcriptome databases. ScWIP5 was then cloned and its potential role in sugarcane resistance to fall armyworm evaluated by construction of transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana. The toxicity of ScWIP5 transgenic N. benthamiana to fall armyworm showed lower weight gain and higher mortality compared to wild-type N. benthamiana feeding group. Furthermore, the concentration of JA and NbAOC, NbAOS, and NbLOX from the Jasmin acid biosynthesis pathway was significantly induced in ScWIP5 transgenic N. benthamiana compared to the control. In addition, digestive enzyme actives from the insect gut were also evaluated, and trypsin and cathepsin were significantly lower in insects fed with ScWIP5 transgenic N. benthamiana. CONCLUSION These results indicate that ScWIP5 might enhance insect resistance by increasing JA signal transduction processes and reducing insect digestive enzyme activities, thus impacting insect growth and development. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Hui Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fang Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Fang
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agriculture science, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - San-Ji Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Ming Hou
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-da Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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3
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Kocyigit E, Kocaadam-Bozkurt B, Bozkurt O, Ağagündüz D, Capasso R. Plant Toxic Proteins: Their Biological Activities, Mechanism of Action and Removal Strategies. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:356. [PMID: 37368657 PMCID: PMC10303728 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants evolve to synthesize various natural metabolites to protect themselves against threats, such as insects, predators, microorganisms, and environmental conditions (such as temperature, pH, humidity, salt, and drought). Plant-derived toxic proteins are often secondary metabolites generated by plants. These proteins, including ribosome-inactivating proteins, lectins, protease inhibitors, α-amylase inhibitors, canatoxin-like proteins and ureases, arcelins, antimicrobial peptides, and pore-forming toxins, are found in different plant parts, such as the roots, tubers, stems, fruits, buds, and foliage. Several investigations have been conducted to explore the potential applications of these plant proteins by analyzing their toxic effects and modes of action. In biomedical applications, such as crop protection, drug development, cancer therapy, and genetic engineering, toxic plant proteins have been utilized as potentially useful instruments due to their biological activities. However, these noxious metabolites can be detrimental to human health and cause problems when consumed in high amounts. This review focuses on different plant toxic proteins, their biological activities, and their mechanisms of action. Furthermore, possible usage and removal strategies for these proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Kocyigit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ordu University, Cumhuriyet Yerleşkesi, 52200 Ordu, Turkey;
| | - Betul Kocaadam-Bozkurt
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Erzurum Technical University, Yakutiye, 25100 Erzurum, Turkey; (B.K.-B.); (O.B.)
| | - Osman Bozkurt
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Erzurum Technical University, Yakutiye, 25100 Erzurum, Turkey; (B.K.-B.); (O.B.)
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Emek, 06490 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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4
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Gujjarlapudi M, Kotarya B, Mohanraj SS, Gupta D, Prasad ER, Kalle AM, Jaba J, Ponnusamy D, Padmasree K. Development of a rapid process for purification of Bowman-Birk and Kunitz inhibitors from legume seeds, and evaluation of their biophysical, insecticidal, and antimicrobial properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124050. [PMID: 36933601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI ~10 kDa) and Kunitz inhibitor (KI ~20 kDa) are serine protease/proteinase inhibitor(s) [PI(s)] ubiquitously found in several Leguminous plant species with insecticidal and therapeutic properties. Due to narrow molecular mass differences, the separation of these inhibitors from a single seed variety is tedious. The present study is aimed to develop a rapid protocol (<24 h) for purifying BBI and KI from legume seeds using mild trichloroacetic acid (TCA) extraction followed by trypsin-affinity chromatography. The mature seeds of Vigna radiata and Cajanus platycarpus are used as a model to purify BBI and KI using this protocol. The BBI and KI purified from the seeds of V. radiata are labeled as VrBBI & VrKI, and C. platycarpus are labeled as CpBBI & CpKI, respectively. These PIs are confirmed by immunodetection and MALDI-TOF studies and further characterized for their structural (CD & fluorescence spectroscopy) and functional properties (temperature & DTT stability). BBI(s) purified using the above process are effective in the management of castor semi-looper 'Achaea janata', while KI(s) are effective in the management of pod borer 'Helicoverpa armigera'. Besides, both BBI(s) and KI(s) have significant potential in controlling the growth of methicillin-sensitive 'Staphylococcus aureus', a gram-positive pathogenic bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyamma Gujjarlapudi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Bharti Kotarya
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | | | - Deepali Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Elaprolu R Prasad
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Arunasree M Kalle
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Jagdish Jaba
- Entomology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad 502 324, India
| | - Duraimurugan Ponnusamy
- Crop Protection Section, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad 500 030, India
| | - Kollipara Padmasree
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India.
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5
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Wen TY, Wu XQ, Ye JR, Qiu YJ, Rui L, Zhang Y. Two Novel Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Kunitz Effector Proteins Using Different Infection and Survival Strategies to Suppress Immunity in Pine. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:539-548. [PMID: 36976314 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-22-0127-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pine wilt disease, caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, results in tremendous economic loss in conifer production every year. To disturb the host immune responses, plant pathogens secrete a mass of effector proteins that facilitate the infection process. Although several effectors of B. xylophilus have been identified, detailed mechanisms of their functions remain largely unexplored. Here, we reveal two novel B. xylophilus Kunitz effectors, named BxKU1 and BxKU2, using different infection strategies to suppress immunity in Pinus thunbergii. We found that both BxKU1 and BxKU2 could suppress PsXEG1-triggered cell death and were present in the nucleus and cytoplasm in Nicotiana benthamiana. However, they had different three-dimensional structures and various expression patterns in B. xylophilus infection. In situ hybridization experiments showed that BxKU2 was expressed in the esophageal glands and ovaries, whereas BxKU1 was only expressed in the esophageal glands of females. We further confirmed that the morbidity was significantly decreased in P. thunbergii infected with B. xylophilus when BxKU1 and BxKU2 were silenced. The silenced BxKU2I, but not BxKU1, affected the reproduction and feeding rate of B. xylophilus. Moreover, BxKU1 and BxKU2 targeted to different proteins in P. thunbergii, but they all interacted with thaumatin-like protein 4 (TLP4) according to yeast two-hybrid screening. Collectively, our study showed that B. xylophilus could incorporate two Kunitz effectors in a multilayer strategy to counter immune response in P. thunbergii, which could help us better understand the interaction between plant and B. xylophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Yue Wen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jian-Ren Ye
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yi-Jun Qiu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Lin Rui
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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6
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Khan S, Arshad S, Arif A, Tanveer R, Amin ZS, Abbas S, Maqsood A, Raza M, Munir A, Latif A, Habiba M, Afzal M. Trypsin Inhibitor Isolated From Glycine max (Soya Bean) Extraction, Purification, and Characterization. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221131462. [PMID: 36246168 PMCID: PMC9561660 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221131462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The current study aims to isolate, purify, and characterize the trypsin inhibitor
protein from seeds of soya beans, scientifically known as Glycine
max. Its seeds were ground, and the powder was soaked several times
using n-hexane. It was added to phosphate buffer saline (PBS) followed by
filtration and centrifugation of the PBS dissolved extract. The supernatant was
subjected to ammonium sulfate precipitation and about six fractions, 30% to 80%
were prepared. The centrifuged pellets obtained from each fraction were dialyzed
and run on SDS-PAGE. The trypsin inhibitor protein was precipitated and
characterized in 30% pellet and molecular weight was 21.5 kDa compared to
protein ladder (ThermoFisher 10-170 kDa). GC-MS analysis revealed the steroid
derivatives such as stigmasterol, campesterol, beta-sitosterol, and
gamma-tocopherol. Glycine max trypsin inhibitor could be used
as a plant-derived drug to overcome the over-activation of trypsin without its
real substrate (proteins) becoming activated and start auto digestion leading to
pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabir Khan
- Tti Testing
Laboratories, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shafia Arshad
- UCCM, Faculty of Medicine and
Allied Health Sciences, Islamia
University Bahawalpur, Punjab ,
Pakistan,Shafia Arshad, University College of
Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The
Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Amina Arif
- Faculty of Science and Technology,
University
of Central Punjab, Lahore,
Pakistan
| | - Rida Tanveer
- UCCM, Faculty of Medicine and
Allied Health Sciences, Islamia
University Bahawalpur, Punjab ,
Pakistan
| | | | - Saba Abbas
- School of Medical Lab Technology,
Minhaj
University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Maqsood
- Faculty of Science and Technology,
University
of Central Punjab, Lahore,
Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Raza
- Diagnostic Laboratory Iqra
Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arooj Munir
- Faculty of Science and Technology,
University
of Central Punjab, Lahore,
Pakistan
| | - Amara Latif
- Faculty of Science and Technology,
University
of Central Punjab, Lahore,
Pakistan
| | - Maryam Habiba
- School of Chemistry, Minhaj
University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Faculty of Science and Technology,
University
of Central Punjab, Lahore,
Pakistan
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7
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Hao Y, Guo T, Ren J, Wang Y, Wang L, Shi Y, Feng W. Characterization of a thermostable, protease-tolerant inhibitor of α-glycosidase from carrot: A potential oral additive for treatment of diabetes. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1271-1279. [PMID: 35460754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting α-glucosidase activity is important in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia and, thus, helping to manage type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the present study, we purified a hypothetical protein of carrots called DCHP (Daucus Carrot hypoglycemic peptide), and their inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase, as well as related mechanisms, were investigated. The recombinant DCHP protein with a molecular weight of 8 kDa showed strong inhibitory activity against α-glycosidase and maintained good stability in solution. DCHP exhibited no inhibitory activity but was tolerant to trypsin and chymotrypsin. Cellular experiments demonstrated that glucose consumption and lactic acid production increased rapidly when treated with DCHP in Caco-2 and HepG2 cells. DCHP crystal was generated, and the crystal structure, which was similar to that of rBTI and consisted of a central α-helix and a two-stranded β-sheet with a unique loop region. The interaction between DCHP and α-glycosidase was investigated by molecular docking and site-directed mutation, which revealed that Glu43, Pro46, Thr47 Thr48 and Gln49 are the key residues in DCHP that inhibit α-glycosidase activity. This work provides potential bioactive peptides as functional foods or nutraceutical supplements in preventing and managing T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, China; Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, China; Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jinqi Ren
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, China; Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, China; Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yawei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, China; Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Wei Feng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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8
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Sultana MS, Millwood RJ, Mazarei M, Stewart CN. Proteinase inhibitors in legume herbivore defense: from natural to genetically engineered protectants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:293-305. [PMID: 34674016 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Proteinase inhibitors (PIs) from legumes have the potential for use as protectants in response to pests and pathogens. Legumes have evolved PIs that inhibit digestive proteinases upon herbivory resulting in delayed development, deformities, and reduced fertility of herbivorous insects. Legume PIs (serine proteinase inhibitors and cysteine proteinase inhibitors) have been overexpressed in plants to confer plant protection against herbivores. Recently, the co-expression of multiple PIs in transgenic plants enhanced host defense over single PI expression, i.e., in an additive fashion. Therefore, a synthetic PI could conceivably be designed using different inhibitory domains that may provide multifunctional protection. Little attention has yet given to expanding PI gene repertoires to improve PI efficacy for targeting multiple proteinases. Also, PIs have been shown to play an important role in response to abiotic stresses. Previously published papers have presented several aspects of strategic deployment of PIs in transgenic plants, which is the focus of this review by providing a comprehensive update of the recent progress of using PIs in transgenic plants. We also emphasize broadening the potential usefulness of PIs and their future direction in research, which will likely result in a more potent defense against herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mitra Mazarei
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - C Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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9
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do Amaral M, Freitas ACO, Santos AS, Dos Santos EC, Ferreira MM, da Silva Gesteira A, Gramacho KP, Marinho-Prado JS, Pirovani CP. TcTI, a Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor from cocoa associated with defense against pathogens. Sci Rep 2022; 12:698. [PMID: 35027639 PMCID: PMC8758671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protease inhibitors (PIs) are important biotechnological tools of interest in agriculture. Usually they are the first proteins to be activated in plant-induced resistance against pathogens. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize a Theobroma cacao trypsin inhibitor called TcTI. The ORF has 740 bp encoding a protein with 219 amino acids, molecular weight of approximately 23 kDa. rTcTI was expressed in the soluble fraction of Escherichia coli strain Rosetta [DE3]. The purified His-Tag rTcTI showed inhibitory activity against commercial porcine trypsin. The kinetic model demonstrated that rTcTI is a competitive inhibitor, with a Ki value of 4.08 × 10-7 mol L-1. The thermostability analysis of rTcTI showed that 100% inhibitory activity was retained up to 60 °C and that at 70-80 °C, inhibitory activity remained above 50%. Circular dichroism analysis indicated that the protein is rich in loop structures and β-conformations. Furthermore, in vivo assays against Helicoverpa armigera larvae were also performed with rTcTI in 0.1 mg mL-1 spray solutions on leaf surfaces, which reduced larval growth by 70% compared to the control treatment. Trials with cocoa plants infected with Mp showed a greater accumulation of TcTI in resistant varieties of T. cacao, so this regulation may be associated with different isoforms of TcTI. This inhibitor has biochemical characteristics suitable for biotechnological applications as well as in resistance studies of T. cacao and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena do Amaral
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, UESC, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km - 16, Ilhéus, BA, CEP 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Camila Oliveira Freitas
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, UESC, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km - 16, Ilhéus, BA, CEP 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Ariana Silva Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, UESC, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km - 16, Ilhéus, BA, CEP 45662-900, Brazil.
| | - Everton Cruz Dos Santos
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Monaliza Macêdo Ferreira
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, UESC, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km - 16, Ilhéus, BA, CEP 45662-900, Brazil
| | | | - Karina Peres Gramacho
- Centro de Pesquisa do Cacau [CEPEC/CEPLAC] Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Km 22 Rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45600-970, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, UESC, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km - 16, Ilhéus, BA, CEP 45662-900, Brazil
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10
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Moradi M, Golmohammadi R, Najafi A, Moosazadeh Moghaddam M, Fasihi-Ramandi M, Mirnejad R. In Silico Analysis of Inhibiting Papain-like Protease from SARS-CoV-2 by Using Plant-Derived Peptides. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021; 28:24. [PMID: 34903959 PMCID: PMC8655715 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a corona virus that has been the cause for one of the deadliest pandemics of history, started since 2019. Suppressing the activity of the critical enzymes in the SARS-CoV-2 could potentially inhibit a vital step in viral life cycle. Papain-like protease (PLpro) could be regarded as a critical enzyme in viral replication of SARS-CoV-2. In this research, it was aimed to suppress the activity of PLpro enzyme by using potential plant-derived protease inhibitor peptides. For this purpose, 11 plant derived peptides that could potentially inhibit protease activity were selected from literature. The structures of the PLpro and the peptide ligands were acquired from PDB (protein data bank) and after structural optimization, were docked by using HADDOCK 2.4 program. Analyzing the results indicated that VcTI from Veronica hederifolia provides effective molecular interactions at both liable Zn site and classic active site of PLpro, making it a potential inhibitory ligand for this enzyme that could be used for halting the replication of SARS-CoV-2. Molecular dynamic assay confirmed that the selected receptor and ligand complex was stable. Future in vitro and in vivo investigations are required to verify the efficiency of this compound as a potential therapeutic against SARS-CoV-2 infection. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10989-021-10331-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moradi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Golmohammadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Najafi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirnejad
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Xie F, Zhang W, Gong S, Wang Z. Inhibitory effect of lignin from Canna edulis Ker residues on trypsin: kinetics and molecular docking studies. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2090-2099. [PMID: 32978811 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignin extracted from Canna edulis Ker residues shows a strong inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase and a promoting effect on α-amylase. Protease activity inhibition may play a key role in disease processes, such as metastasis, tumor invasion and bacterial colonization. Hence, in the present study, the inhibitory mechanism of lignin on trypsin was examined, including the interaction type, thermodynamic parameters, structure, reaction site and molecular docking. RESULTS The isolated lignin presented an inhibitory effect on trypsin activity with an IC50 value of 1.35 μmol L-1 . This inhibition was a mixed linear type with a constant Ki of 3.92 μmol L-1 . The lignin could bind with the key amino acid residue Ser195 on the active site of the trypsin molecule to inhibit its activity, and the phenolic hydroxyl group and -OH on the β-O-4 structure of the lignin molecule were the major groups bound with trypsin. CONCLUSION These results illustrate the inhibitory effects of Canna edulis residue lignin on protease, which helps with respect to understanding the possible application of lignin in the food industry in functional foods. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxiang Gong
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengwu Wang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Xie Y, Ravet K, Pearce S. Extensive structural variation in the Bowman-Birk inhibitor family in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC Genomics 2021; 22:218. [PMID: 33765923 PMCID: PMC7995804 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bowman-Birk inhibitors (BBI) are a family of serine-type protease inhibitors that modulate endogenous plant proteolytic activities during different phases of development. They also inhibit exogenous proteases as a component of plant defense mechanisms, and their overexpression can confer resistance to phytophagous herbivores and multiple fungal and bacterial pathogens. Dicot BBIs are multifunctional, with a "double-headed" structure containing two separate inhibitory loops that can bind and inhibit trypsin and chymotrypsin proteases simultaneously. By contrast, monocot BBIs have a non-functional chymotrypsin inhibitory loop, although they have undergone internal duplication events giving rise to proteins with multiple BBI domains. RESULTS We used a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) profile-based search to identify 57 BBI genes in the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome. The BBI genes are unevenly distributed, with large gene clusters in the telomeric regions of homoeologous group 1 and 3 chromosomes that likely arose through a series of tandem gene duplication events. The genomes of wheat progenitors also contain contiguous clusters of BBI genes, suggesting this family underwent expansion before the domestication of common wheat. However, the BBI gene family varied in size among different cultivars, showing this family remains dynamic. Because of these expansions, the BBI gene family is larger in wheat than other monocots such as maize, rice and Brachypodium. We found BBI proteins in common wheat with intragenic homologous duplications of cysteine-rich functional domains, including one protein with four functional BBI domains. This diversification may expand the spectrum of target substrates. Expression profiling suggests that some wheat BBI proteins may be involved in regulating endogenous proteases during grain development, while others were induced in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, suggesting a role in plant defense. CONCLUSIONS Genome-wide characterization reveals that the BBI gene family in wheat is subject to a high rate of homologous tandem duplication and deletion events, giving rise to a diverse set of encoded proteins. This information will facilitate the functional characterization of individual wheat BBI genes to determine their role in wheat development and stress responses, and their potential application in breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Xie
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Karl Ravet
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Stephen Pearce
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
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13
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Jmel MA, Aounallah H, Bensaoud C, Mekki I, Chmelař J, Faria F, M’ghirbi Y, Kotsyfakis M. Insights into the Role of Tick Salivary Protease Inhibitors during Ectoparasite-Host Crosstalk. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E892. [PMID: 33477394 PMCID: PMC7831016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protease inhibitors (PIs) are ubiquitous regulatory proteins present in all kingdoms. They play crucial tasks in controlling biological processes directed by proteases which, if not tightly regulated, can damage the host organism. PIs can be classified according to their targeted proteases or their mechanism of action. The functions of many PIs have now been characterized and are showing clinical relevance for the treatment of human diseases such as arthritis, hepatitis, cancer, AIDS, and cardiovascular diseases, amongst others. Other PIs have potential use in agriculture as insecticides, anti-fungal, and antibacterial agents. PIs from tick salivary glands are special due to their pharmacological properties and their high specificity, selectivity, and affinity to their target proteases at the tick-host interface. In this review, we discuss the structure and function of PIs in general and those PI superfamilies abundant in tick salivary glands to illustrate their possible practical applications. In doing so, we describe tick salivary PIs that are showing promise as drug candidates, highlighting the most promising ones tested in vivo and which are now progressing to preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amine Jmel
- Laboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (M.A.J.); (C.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Hajer Aounallah
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, LR19IPTX, Service d’Entomologie Médicale, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (H.A.); (Y.M.)
- Innovation and Development Laboratory, Innovation and Development Center, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Chaima Bensaoud
- Laboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (M.A.J.); (C.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Imen Mekki
- Laboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (M.A.J.); (C.B.); (I.M.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Jindřich Chmelař
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Fernanda Faria
- Innovation and Development Laboratory, Innovation and Development Center, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Youmna M’ghirbi
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, LR19IPTX, Service d’Entomologie Médicale, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (H.A.); (Y.M.)
| | - Michalis Kotsyfakis
- Laboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (M.A.J.); (C.B.); (I.M.)
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14
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Factor XII/XIIa inhibitors: Their discovery, development, and potential indications. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Slavokhotova AA, Rogozhin EA. Defense Peptides From the α-Hairpinin Family Are Components of Plant Innate Immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:465. [PMID: 32391035 PMCID: PMC7191063 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant immunity represents a sophisticated system, including both basal and inducible mechanisms, to prevent pathogen infection. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are among the innate immunity components playing a key role in effective and rapid response against various pathogens. This review is devoted to a small family of defense peptides called α-hairpinins. The general characters of the family, as well as the individual features of each member, including biological activities, structures of precursor proteins, and spatial structures, are described. Possible applications of α-hairpinin peptides in drug design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Slavokhotova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene A. Rogozhin
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg-Pushkin, Russia
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Lokya V, Swathi M, Mallikarjuna N, Padmasree K. Response of Midgut Trypsin- and Chymotrypsin-Like Proteases of Helicoverpa armigera Larvae Upon Feeding With Peanut BBI: Biochemical and Biophysical Characterization of PnBBI. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:266. [PMID: 32265951 PMCID: PMC7105688 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Proteinase/Protease inhibitors (PIs) from higher plants play an important role in defense and confer resistance against various insect pests and pathogens. In the present study, Bowman-Birk Inhibitor (BBI) was purified from mature seeds of an interspecific advanced hybrid peanut variety (4368-1) using chromatographic techniques. The biochemical and biophysical characteristics such as low molecular mass, presence of several isoinhibitors and higher-ordered dimer/tetramer, predominance of antiparallel β-sheets and random coils in secondary structure, reactive sites against trypsin and chymotrypsin, broad spectrum of stability toward extreme pH and temperature along with MALDI TOF-TOF analysis (ProteomeXchange identifier PXD016933) ascertained the purified biomolecule from peanut as BBI (PnBBI). Surface plasmon resonance competitive binding analysis revealed the bifunctional PnBBI is a trypsin specific inhibitor with 1:2 stoichiometry as compared to chymotrypsin. A concentration-dependent self-association tendency of PnBBI was further confirmed by 'red shift' in the far-UV CD spectra. Furthermore, the insecticidal potential of PnBBI against Helicoverpa armigera was assessed by in vitro assays and in vivo feeding experiments. A significant reduction in larval body weight was observed with concomitant attenuation in the activity of midgut trypsin-like proteases of H. armigera (HaTPs) fed on PnBBI supplemented diet. The one and two-dimensional zymography studies revealed the disappearance of several isoforms of HaTP upon feeding with PnBBI. qRT-PCR analysis further suggests the role of PnBBI in not only inhibiting the activity of midgut trypsin and chymotrypsin-like proteases but also in modulating their expression. Taken together, the results provide a biochemical and molecular basis for introgressed resistance in peanut interspecific advanced hybrid variety against H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadthya Lokya
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Marri Swathi
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Kollipara Padmasree
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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17
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Hellinger R, Gruber CW. Peptide-based protease inhibitors from plants. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1877-1889. [PMID: 31170506 PMCID: PMC6753016 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteases have an important role in homeostasis, and dysregulation of protease function can lead to pathogenesis. Therefore, proteases are promising drug targets in cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative disease research. Although there are well-established pharmaceuticals on the market, drug development for proteases is challenging. This is often caused by the limited selectivity of currently available lead compounds. Proteinaceous plant protease inhibitors are a diverse family of (poly)peptides that are important to maintain physiological homeostasis and to serve the innate defense machinery of the plant. In this review, we provide an overview of the diversity of plant peptide- and protein-based protease inhibitors (PIs), provide examples of such compounds that target human proteases, and discuss opportunities for these molecules in protease drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hellinger
- Center for Pharmacology and Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian W Gruber
- Center for Pharmacology and Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Clemente M, Corigliano MG, Pariani SA, Sánchez-López EF, Sander VA, Ramos-Duarte VA. Plant Serine Protease Inhibitors: Biotechnology Application in Agriculture and Molecular Farming. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1345. [PMID: 30884891 PMCID: PMC6471620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine protease inhibitors (SPIs) are widely distributed in living organisms like bacteria, fungi, plants, and humans. The main function of SPIs as protease enzymes is to regulate the proteolytic activity. In plants, most of the studies of SPIs have been focused on their physiological role. The initial studies carried out in plants showed that SPIs participate in the regulation of endogenous proteolytic processes, as the regulation of proteases in seeds. Besides, it was observed that SPIs also participate in the regulation of cell death during plant development and senescence. On the other hand, plant SPIs have an important role in plant defense against pests and phytopathogenic microorganisms. In the last 20 years, several transgenic plants over-expressing SPIs have been produced and tested in order to achieve the increase of the resistance against pathogenic insects. Finally, in molecular farming, SPIs have been employed to minimize the proteolysis of recombinant proteins expressed in plants. The present review discusses the potential biotechnological applications of plant SPIs in the agriculture field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Clemente
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires B7130, Argentina.
| | - Mariana G Corigliano
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires B7130, Argentina.
| | - Sebastián A Pariani
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires B7130, Argentina.
| | - Edwin F Sánchez-López
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires B7130, Argentina.
| | - Valeria A Sander
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires B7130, Argentina.
| | - Víctor A Ramos-Duarte
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires B7130, Argentina.
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19
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Bendre AD, Ramasamy S, Suresh CG. Analysis of Kunitz inhibitors from plants for comprehensive structural and functional insights. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:933-943. [PMID: 29499268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Legume Kunitz type trypsin inhibitor (KTI) family is one of the most versatile families of proteins. A typical KTI features a single peptide folded in β-trefoil manner, with the molecular weight about 20-22kDa and two disulphide bonds. The members are known to inhibit a wide range of serpins proteases at the same time many of them possess unique features. Copaifera langsdorffii Trypsin inhibitor (CTI) has a β-trefoil fold made up of two non-covalently bound polypeptide chains with only a single disulfide bridge. Delonix regia Trypsin inhibitor (DrTI) has one amino acid insertion between P1 and P2 of the reactive site distorting its conformation. Bauhinia bauhinioides Cruzipain inhibitor (BbCI) has a conservative β-trefoil fold but lacks disulfide bonds. Such subtle differences in structures make Kunitz inhibitors different from other inhibitor families. Most of the studies on these inhibitors are focused towards their proposed role in defense from insect pests and wounding but their exact physiological role in nature is still uncharted. Thus, it would be very interesting to closely analyze the structural details of these inhibitors in order to ascertain their biological role and other fascinating applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya D Bendre
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NCL campus, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sureshkumar Ramasamy
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.
| | - C G Suresh
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
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20
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Mammalian display screening of diverse cystine-dense peptides for difficult to drug targets. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2244. [PMID: 29269835 PMCID: PMC5740061 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein:protein interactions are among the most difficult to treat molecular mechanisms of disease pathology. Cystine-dense peptides have the potential to disrupt such interactions, and are used in drug-like roles by every clade of life, but their study has been hampered by a reputation for being difficult to produce, owing to their complex disulfide connectivity. Here we describe a platform for identifying target-binding cystine-dense peptides using mammalian surface display, capable of interrogating high quality and diverse scaffold libraries with verifiable folding and stability. We demonstrate the platform’s capabilities by identifying a cystine-dense peptide capable of inhibiting the YAP:TEAD interaction at the heart of the oncogenic Hippo pathway, and possessing the potency and stability necessary for consideration as a drug development candidate. This platform provides the opportunity to screen cystine-dense peptides with drug-like qualities against targets that are implicated for the treatment of diseases, but are poorly suited for conventional approaches. Pathologies related to protein:protein interaction are hard to treat but cystine-dense peptides have the potential to disrupt such interactions. Here the authors develop a high-diversity mammalian cell screen for cystine-dense peptides with drug potential and use it to identify a YAP:TEAD inhibitor.
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21
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Lufrano D, Cotabarren J, Garcia-Pardo J, Fernandez-Alvarez R, Tort O, Tanco S, Avilés FX, Lorenzo J, Obregón WD. Biochemical characterization of a novel carboxypeptidase inhibitor from a variety of Andean potatoes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 120:36-45. [PMID: 26521146 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural protease inhibitors of metallocarboxypeptidases are rarely reported. In this work, the cloning, expression and characterization of a proteinaceous inhibitor of the A/B-type metallocarboxypeptidases, naturally occurring in tubers of Solanum tuberosum, subsp. andigenum cv. Imilla morada, are described. The obtained cDNA encoded a polypeptide of 80 residues, which displayed the features of metallocarboxypeptidase inhibitor precursors from the Potato Carboxypeptidase Inhibitor (PCI) family. The mature polypeptide (39 residues) was named imaPCI and in comparison with the prototype molecule of the family (PCI from S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum), its sequence showed one difference at its N-terminus and another three located at the secondary binding site, a region described to contribute to the stabilization of the complex inhibitor-target enzyme. In order to gain insights into the relevance of the secondary binding site in nature, a recombinant form of imaPCI (rimaPCI) having only differences at the secondary binding site with respect to recombinant PCI (rPCI) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The rimaPCI exhibited a molecular mass of 4234.8Da by MALDI-TOF/MS. It displayed potent inhibitory activity towards A/B-type carboxypeptidases (with a Ki in the nanomolar range), albeit 2-4-fold lower inhibitory capacity compared to its counterpart rPCI. This result is in agreement with our bioinformatic analysis, which showed that the main interaction established between the secondary binding site of rPCI and the bovine carboxypeptidase A is likely lost in the case of rimaPCI. These observations reinforce the importance of the secondary binding site of PCI-family members on inhibitory effects towards A/B-type metallocarboxypeptidases. Furthermore, as a simple proof of concept of its applicability in biotechnology and biomedicine, the ability of rimaPCI to protect human epidermal growth factor from C-terminal cleavage and inactivation by carboxypeptidases A and B was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lufrano
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Universitari, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliana Cotabarren
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Proteínas Vegetales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 115 y 47 s/N, B1900AVW La Plata, Argentina
| | - Javier Garcia-Pardo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Universitari, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Alvarez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Universitari, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivia Tort
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Universitari, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastián Tanco
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Universitari, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Xavier Avilés
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Universitari, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Lorenzo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Universitari, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Walter D Obregón
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Proteínas Vegetales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 115 y 47 s/N, B1900AVW La Plata, Argentina.
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Leboffe L, Angelini R, Menegatti E, Polticelli F, Ascenzi P. Different disulfide bridge connectivity drives alternative folds in highly homologous Brassicaceae trypsin inhibitors. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:966-70. [PMID: 26545561 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Low-molecular-mass trypsin inhibitors from Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica napus var. oleifera, and Sinapis alba L. (ATTI, RTI, and MTI, respectively) display more than 69% amino acid sequence identity. Among others, the amino acid sequence Cys-Ala-Pro-Arg-Ile building up the inhibitor reactive site, and the eight Cys residues forming four disulfide bridges are conserved. However, the disulfide bridge connectivity of RTI and MTI (C1-C3, C2-C4, C5-C6, and C7-C8) is different from that of ATTI Cys (C1-C8, C2-C5, C3-C6, and C4-C7). Despite the different disulfide bridge connectivity, the reactive site loop of ATTI, RTI, and MTI is solvent exposed permitting trypsin recognition. Structural considerations here reported suggest that proteins showing high amino acid sequence identity and common functional properties could display different three-dimensional structures. This may reflect high inhibitor plasticity in relation to plant-pathogen interactions, plant tissue development as well as the different redox potential of cell compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Leboffe
- Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Enea Menegatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Polticelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
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Kant MR, Jonckheere W, Knegt B, Lemos F, Liu J, Schimmel BCJ, Villarroel CA, Ataide LMS, Dermauw W, Glas JJ, Egas M, Janssen A, Van Leeuwen T, Schuurink RC, Sabelis MW, Alba JM. Mechanisms and ecological consequences of plant defence induction and suppression in herbivore communities. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:1015-51. [PMID: 26019168 PMCID: PMC4648464 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants are hotbeds for parasites such as arthropod herbivores, which acquire nutrients and energy from their hosts in order to grow and reproduce. Hence plants are selected to evolve resistance, which in turn selects for herbivores that can cope with this resistance. To preserve their fitness when attacked by herbivores, plants can employ complex strategies that include reallocation of resources and the production of defensive metabolites and structures. Plant defences can be either prefabricated or be produced only upon attack. Those that are ready-made are referred to as constitutive defences. Some constitutive defences are operational at any time while others require activation. Defences produced only when herbivores are present are referred to as induced defences. These can be established via de novo biosynthesis of defensive substances or via modifications of prefabricated substances and consequently these are active only when needed. Inducibility of defence may serve to save energy and to prevent self-intoxication but also implies that there is a delay in these defences becoming operational. Induced defences can be characterized by alterations in plant morphology and molecular chemistry and are associated with a decrease in herbivore performance. These alterations are set in motion by signals generated by herbivores. Finally, a subset of induced metabolites are released into the air as volatiles and function as a beacon for foraging natural enemies searching for prey, and this is referred to as induced indirect defence. SCOPE The objective of this review is to evaluate (1) which strategies plants have evolved to cope with herbivores and (2) which traits herbivores have evolved that enable them to counter these defences. The primary focus is on the induction and suppression of plant defences and the review outlines how the palette of traits that determine induction/suppression of, and resistance/susceptibility of herbivores to, plant defences can give rise to exploitative competition and facilitation within ecological communities "inhabiting" a plant. CONCLUSIONS Herbivores have evolved diverse strategies, which are not mutually exclusive, to decrease the negative effects of plant defences in order to maximize the conversion of plant material into offspring. Numerous adaptations have been found in herbivores, enabling them to dismantle or bypass defensive barriers, to avoid tissues with relatively high levels of defensive chemicals or to metabolize these chemicals once ingested. In addition, some herbivores interfere with the onset or completion of induced plant defences, resulting in the plant's resistance being partly or fully suppressed. The ability to suppress induced plant defences appears to occur across plant parasites from different kingdoms, including herbivorous arthropods, and there is remarkable diversity in suppression mechanisms. Suppression may strongly affect the structure of the food web, because the ability to suppress the activation of defences of a communal host may facilitate competitors, whereas the ability of a herbivore to cope with activated plant defences will not. Further characterization of the mechanisms and traits that give rise to suppression of plant defences will enable us to determine their role in shaping direct and indirect interactions in food webs and the extent to which these determine the coexistence and persistence of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Kant
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium and Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W Jonckheere
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium and Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B Knegt
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium and Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F Lemos
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium and Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Liu
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium and Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B C J Schimmel
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium and Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C A Villarroel
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium and Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L M S Ataide
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium and Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W Dermauw
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium and Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J J Glas
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium and Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Egas
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium and Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Janssen
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium and Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T Van Leeuwen
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium and Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R C Schuurink
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium and Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M W Sabelis
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium and Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J M Alba
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium and Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Fischer M, Kuckenberg M, Kastilan R, Muth J, Gebhardt C. Novel in vitro inhibitory functions of potato tuber proteinaceous inhibitors. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 290:387-98. [PMID: 25260821 PMCID: PMC4309916 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant protease inhibitors are a structurally highly diverse and ubiquitous class of small proteins, which play various roles in plant development and defense against pests and pathogens. Particular isoforms inhibit in vitro proteases and other enzymes that are not their natural substrates, for example proteases that have roles in human diseases. Mature potato tubers are a rich source of several protease inhibitor families. Different cultivars have different inhibitor profiles. With the objective to explore the functional diversity of the natural diversity of potato protease inhibitors, we randomly selected and sequenced 9,600 cDNA clones originated from mature tubers of ten potato cultivars. Among these, 120 unique inhibitor cDNA clones were identified by homology searches. Eighty-eight inhibitors represented novel sequence variants of known plant protease inhibitor families. Most frequent were Kunitz-type inhibitors (KTI), potato protease inhibitors I and II (PIN), pectin methylesterase inhibitors, metallocarboxypeptidase inhibitors and defensins. Twenty-three inhibitors were functionally characterized after heterologous expression in the yeast Pichia pastoris. The purified recombinant proteins were tested for inhibitory activity on trypsin, eleven pharmacological relevant proteases and the non-proteolytic enzyme 5-lipoxygenase. Members of the KTI and PIN families inhibited pig pancreas elastase, β-Secretase, Cathepsin K, HIV-1 protease and potato 5-lipoxygenase. Our results demonstrate in vitro inhibitory diversity of small potato tuber proteins commonly known as protease inhibitors, which might have biotechnological or medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Fischer
- Department Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von LinnéWeg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Kuckenberg
- Department Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von LinnéWeg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Robin Kastilan
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jost Muth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christiane Gebhardt
- Department Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von LinnéWeg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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Clemente A, Arques MDC. Bowman-Birk inhibitors from legumes as colorectal chemopreventive agents. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10305-10315. [PMID: 25132747 PMCID: PMC4130838 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i30.10305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant functioning of serine proteases in inflammatory and carcinogenic processes within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) has prompted scientists to investigate the potential of serine protease inhibitors, both natural and synthetic, as modulators of their proteolytic activities. Protease inhibitors of the Bowman-Birk type, a major protease inhibitor family in legume seeds, which inhibit potently and specifically trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like proteases, are currently being investigated as colorectal chemopreventive agents. Physiologically relevant amounts of Bowman-Birk inhibitors (BBI) can reach the large intestine in active form due to their extraordinary resistance to extreme conditions within the GIT. Studies in animal models have proven that dietary BBI from several legume sources, including soybean, pea, lentil and chickpea, can prevent or suppress carcinogenic and inflammatory processes within the GIT. Although the therapeutic targets and the action mechanism of BBI have not yet been elucidated, the emerging evidence suggests that BBI exert their preventive properties via protease inhibition; in this sense, serine proteases should be considered as primary targets in early stages of carcinogenesis. The validation of candidate serine proteases as therapeutic targets together with the identification, within the wide array of natural BBI variants, of the most potent and specific protease inhibitors, are necessary to better understand the potential of this protein family as colorectal chemopreventive agents.
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Arques MC, Marín-Manzano MC, da Rocha LCB, Hernandez-Ledesma B, Recio I, Clemente A. Quantitative determination of active Bowman-Birk isoinhibitors, IBB1 and IBBD2, in commercial soymilks. Food Chem 2014; 155:24-30. [PMID: 24594149 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Naturally-occurring serine protease inhibitors of the Bowman-Birk family exert their potential chemopreventive and/or therapeutic properties via protease inhibition. In this study, we have quantified the amounts of active BBI isoinhibitors, IBB1 and IBBD2, in six commercial soymilks. By using cation exchange chromatography, the BBI isoinhibitors were isolated and their specific trypsin inhibitory activity was used to estimate their amounts in soymilk samples. IBB1 and IBBD2 concentrations ranged from 0.44 to 5.20 and 0.27 to 4.60 mg/100ml of soymilk, respectively; total BBI, considered as the sum of both isoinhibitors, ranged from 0.60 to 9.07 mg/100ml of soymilk. These data show that physiologically relevant amounts of active BBI are present in commercial soymilk and may exert potential health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Arques
- Department of Nutrition, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - M Carmen Marín-Manzano
- Department of Nutrition, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Blanca Hernandez-Ledesma
- Department of Food Analysis and Bioactivity, Institute of Food Science (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidra Recio
- Department of Food Analysis and Bioactivity, Institute of Food Science (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Clemente
- Department of Nutrition, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
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27
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Salles HO, Braga ACL, do Nascimento MTDSC, Sousa AMP, Lima AR, Vieira LDS, Cavalcante ACR, do Egito AS, Andrade LBDS. Lectin, hemolysin and protease inhibitors in seed fractions with ovicidal activity against Haemonchus contortus. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2014; 23:136-43. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612014050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive molecules of plant species are promising alternatives for the chemical control of gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants. Extracts of native and exotic seed species from Brazil's semi-arid region were tested in vitro in an egg hatch assay and the bioactivity of their proteins was investigated. Each seed species was subjected to three extractions with three types of solvents. All the seeds showed ovicidal activity, which varied according to the solvents. Higher ovicidal activity was found in the molecule fractions of low molecular weight (<12 kDa) for Albizia lebbeck, Ipomoea asarifolia, Jatropha curcas, Libidibia ferrea, Moringa oleifera and Ricinus communis(P<0.05, Bonferroni test). The two fractions of Crotalaria spectabilis showed the same ovicidal activity (P>0.05, Bonferroni test). Hemagglutinating activity was detected in the fractions of C. spectabilis and M. oleifera fractions, hemolysin activity in the A. lebbeck and M. oleifera fractions, serine protease inhibitory activity in the A. lebbeck, I. asarifolia, J. curcas, M. oleifera and R. communis fractions, cysteine protease inhibitor activity in the M. oleifera fraction, and no protein activity in the L. ferrea fraction. The results of this work reveal new plant species with a potential for use in controlling nematode parasites in goats, thus opening a new field of research involving plant protein molecules with ovicidal properties.
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Ryazantsev DY, Rogozhin EA, Dimitrieva TV, Drobyazina PE, Khadeeva NV, Egorov TA, Grishin EV, Zavriev SK. A novel hairpin-like antimicrobial peptide from barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) seeds: Structure-functional and molecular-genetics characterization. Biochimie 2013; 99:63-70. [PMID: 24275143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel plant hairpin-like defense polypeptide named EcAMP3 was isolated from latent barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) seeds. The native peptide and its recombinant analogue were characterized. EcAMP3 displays antifungal and antibacterial activity in vitro. The gene family encoding EcAMPs precursor protein was also characterized; the genes and pseudogenes of this family show 97-100% homology. Every member of EcAMPs precursor family contains seven identical cysteine motifs: C1XXXC2(11-13)C3XXXC4. One of those motifs corresponds to the isolated peptide. EcAMP3 is the first member of the plant hairpin-like peptide family that inhibits the growth of phytopathogenic bacteria. Obtained results can explain the nature of the complex resistance of barnyard grass to a variety of pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Yu Ryazantsev
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Eugene A Rogozhin
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Tatiana V Dimitrieva
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Polina E Drobyazina
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation; All-Russian Research Institute of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, ul. Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Natalia V Khadeeva
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Gubkina 3, 117809 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Tsezi A Egorov
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Eugene V Grishin
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergey K Zavriev
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Complementation of intramolecular interactions for structural-functional stability of plant serine proteinase inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:5087-94. [PMID: 23891708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant protease inhibitors (PIs) constitute a diverse group of proteins capable of inhibiting proteases. Among PIs, serine PIs (SPIs) display stability and conformational restrictions of the reactive site loop by virtue of their compact size, and by the presence of disulfide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and other weak interactions. SCOPE OF REVIEW The significance of various intramolecular interactions contributing to protein folding mechanism and their role in overall stability and activity of SPIs is discussed here. Furthermore, we have reviewed the effect of variation or manipulation of these interactions on the activity/stability of SPIs. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The selective gain or loss of disulfide bond(s) in SPIs can be associated with their functional differentiation, which is likely to be compensated by non-covalent interactions (hydrogen bonding or electrostatic interactions). Thus, these intramolecular interactions are collectively responsible for the functional activity of SPIs, through the maintenance of scaffold framework, conformational rigidity and shape complementarities of reactive site loop. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Structural insight of these interactions will provide an in-depth understanding of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters involved in the folding and stability mechanisms of SPIs. These features can be explored for engineering canonical SPIs for optimizing their overall stability and functionality for various applications.
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Glotzbach B, Schmelz S, Reinwarth M, Christmann A, Heinz DW, Kolmar H. Structural characterization ofSpinacia oleraceatrypsin inhibitor III (SOTI-III). ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2012; 69:114-20. [DOI: 10.1107/s0907444912043880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Buckwheat trypsin inhibitor with helical hairpin structure belongs to a new family of plant defence peptides. Biochem J 2012; 446:69-77. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20120548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A new peptide trypsin inhibitor named BWI-2c was obtained from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) seeds by sequential affinity, ion exchange and reversed-phase chromatography. The peptide was sequenced and found to contain 41 amino acid residues, with four cysteine residues involved in two intramolecular disulfide bonds. Recombinant BWI-2c identical to the natural peptide was produced in Escherichia coli in a form of a cleavable fusion with thioredoxin. The 3D (three-dimensional) structure of the peptide in solution was determined by NMR spectroscopy, revealing two antiparallel α-helices stapled by disulfide bonds. Together with VhTI, a trypsin inhibitor from veronica (Veronica hederifolia), BWI-2c represents a new family of protease inhibitors with an unusual α-helical hairpin fold. The linker sequence between the helices represents the so-called trypsin inhibitory loop responsible for direct binding to the active site of the enzyme that cleaves BWI-2c at the functionally important residue Arg19. The inhibition constant was determined for BWI-2c against trypsin (1.7×10−10 M), and the peptide was tested on other enzymes, including those from various insect digestive systems, revealing high selectivity to trypsin-like proteases. Structural similarity shared by BWI-2c, VhTI and several other plant defence peptides leads to the acknowledgement of a new widespread family of plant peptides termed α-hairpinins.
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