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Zhang ZY, Li Y, Yu JH, Zhao JX, Yue JM. Lauinoids A-X: Labdane-type diterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity from Croton laui. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 223:114138. [PMID: 38762154 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Croton laui (Euphorbiaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant used by the Li ethnic group in China to treat headaches, stomachaches, and diphtheria. To understand the pharmacological basis of its medicinal use, an extensive investigation of the ethanolic extract of the bark of C. laui was performed. After repeated chromatography, twenty-four undescribed labdane-type diterpenoids, lauinoids A-X (1-24), and five known analogs (25-29) were isolated. Their structures and absolute configurations were established using a combination of spectroscopic analyses, electronic circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Among them, compounds 1-3 exhibited an 11(12 → 13)-abeo-16-nor-labdane skeleton, which originated putatively from 9 through a plausible pathway that involves a semipinacol rearrangement process. Compounds 11 and 12 belong to the rare class of 14,15-dinor-labdane diterpenoids. Compounds 18 and 28 exhibited substantial inhibitory effects by suppressing lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, with IC50 values of 3.37 ± 0.23 and 5.82 ± 0.28 μM, respectively. This study has greatly expanded the chemical diversity of labdane diterpenoids from C. laui and will guide future research on this ethnomedicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, 198 East Binhai Road, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hai Yu
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, 198 East Binhai Road, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, 198 East Binhai Road, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, 198 East Binhai Road, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, People's Republic of China.
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Aziel Alvarado-Ojeda Z, Zamilpa A, Costet-Mejia A, Méndez-Martínez M, Trejo-Moreno C, Jiménez-Ferrer JE, Salazar-Martínez AM, Cruz-Muñoz ME, Fragoso G, Rosas-Salgado G. Hydroalcoholic extract from Sechium edule (Jacq.) S.w. root reverses oleic acid-induced steatosis and insulin resistance in vitro. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24567. [PMID: 38312619 PMCID: PMC10835324 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Steatosis is characterized by fat accumulation and insulin resistance (IR) in hepatocytes, which triggers a pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory environment that may eventually lead to cirrhosis or liver carcinoma. This work was aimed to assess the effect of Sechium edule root hydroalcoholic extract (rSe-HA) (rich in cinnamic and coumaric acid, among other phenolic compounds) on triglyceride esterification, lipid degradation, AMPK expression, and the phosphorylation of insulin receptor in a Ser312 residue, as well as on the redox status, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in an in vitro model of steatosis induced by oleic acid, to help develop a phytomedicine that could reverse this pathology. rSe-HA reduced triglyceride levels in hepatocyte lysates, increased lipolysis by activating AMPK at Thr172, and improved the redox status, as evidenced by the concentration of glycerol and formazan, respectively. It also prevented insulin resistance (IR), as measured by glucose consumption and the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor at Ser312. It also prevented TNFα and IL6 production and decreased the levels of MDA and nitric oxide (ON). Our results indicate that rSe-HA reversed steatosis and controlled the proinflammatory and prooxidant environment in oleic acid-induced dysfunctional HepG2 hepatocytes, supporting its potential use to control this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimri Aziel Alvarado-Ojeda
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Morelos, Leñeros S/N, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62350, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas Del Sur, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Xochitepec, Morelos, 62790, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Costet-Mejia
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas Del Sur, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Xochitepec, Morelos, 62790, Mexico
| | - Marisol Méndez-Martínez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, 04960, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Celeste Trejo-Moreno
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Morelos, Leñeros S/N, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62350, Mexico
| | - Jesús Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas Del Sur, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Xochitepec, Morelos, 62790, Mexico
| | - Ana Maria Salazar-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Ernesto Cruz-Muñoz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Morelos, Leñeros S/N, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62350, Mexico
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rosas-Salgado
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Morelos, Leñeros S/N, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62350, Mexico
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Mony TJ, Elahi F, Choi JW, Park SJ. Neuropharmacological Effects of Terpenoids on Preclinical Animal Models of Psychiatric Disorders: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091834. [PMID: 36139909 PMCID: PMC9495487 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are widely distributed in nature, especially in the plant kingdom, and exhibit diverse pharmacological activities. In recent years, screening has revealed a wide variety of new terpenoids that are active against different psychiatric disorders. This review synthesized the current published preclinical studies of terpenoid use in psychiatric disorders. This review was extensively investigated to provide empirical evidence regarding the neuropharmacological effects of the vast group of terpenoids in translational models of psychiatric disorders, their relevant mechanisms of action, and treatment regimens with evidence of the safety and psychotropic efficacy. Therefore, we utilized nine (9) electronic databases and performed manual searches of each. The relevant data were retrieved from the articles published until present. We used the search terms "terpenoids" or "terpenes" and "psychiatric disorders" ("psychiatric disorders" OR "psychiatric diseases" OR "neuropsychiatric disorders" OR "psychosis" OR "psychiatric symptoms"). The efficacy of terpenoids or biosynthetic compounds in the terpenoid group was demonstrated in preclinical animal studies. Ginsenosides, bacosides, oleanolic acid, asiatic acid, boswellic acid, mono- and diterpenes, and different forms of saponins and triterpenoids were found to be important bioactive compounds in several preclinical studies of psychosis. Taken together, the findings of the present review indicate that natural terpenoids and their derivatives could achieve remarkable success as an alternative therapeutic option for alleviating the core or associated behavioral features of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Jahan Mony
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Fazle Elahi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ji Woong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.W.C.); (S.J.P.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4955 (J.W.C.); +82-33-250-6441 (S.J.P.); Fax: +82-32-820-4829 (J.W.C.); +82-33-259-5563 (S.J.P.)
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences and Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.W.C.); (S.J.P.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4955 (J.W.C.); +82-33-250-6441 (S.J.P.); Fax: +82-32-820-4829 (J.W.C.); +82-33-259-5563 (S.J.P.)
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Inflammatory auto-immune diseases of the intestine and their management by natural bioactive compounds. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113158. [PMID: 35644116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are caused by the overactivity of the immune system towards self-constituents. Risk factors of autoimmune diseases are multiple and include genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and psychological. Autoimmune chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, including celiac and inflammatory diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), constitute a significant health problem worldwide. Besides the complexity of the symptoms of these diseases, their treatments have only been palliative. Numerous investigations showed that natural phytochemicals could be promising strategies to fight against these autoimmune diseases. In this respect, plant-derived natural compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids exhibited significant effects against three autoimmune diseases affecting the intestine, particularly bowel diseases. This review focuses on the role of natural compounds obtained from medicinal plants in modulating inflammatory auto-immune diseases of the intestine. It covers the most recent literature related to the effect of these natural compounds in the treatment and prevention of auto-immune diseases of the intestine.
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Attah EI, Ugwuagbo SC, Chinnam S, Eze FI, Nnadi CO, Agbo MO, Obonga W, Rudrapal M, Walode SG, Nizam A, Sahoo RK, Bendale AR, Khairnar SJ, Jagtap MR. Anti-inflammatory activity of Sabicea brevipes Wernharm (Rubiaceae). PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e82311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, medicinal plants have been employed in the treatment of inflammation and related ailments. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of the aerial parts of S. brevipes. The extracts and fractions were further evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced rat model at varying doses (200 and 400 mg/kg doses, orally) for 5 h of treatment. The result of the phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, flavonoids and tannins in the aerial parts of the plant. The in vivo anti-inflammatory study exhibited inhibition of 42% and 44%, 47% and 36%, 33% and 31%, and 43% and 42% for methanol extract n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and methanol fraction, at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses, respectively. The positive control (diclofenac sodium) showed an inhibition value of 51% at 5 mg/kg dose. Finally, it is concluded that S. brevipes possesses anti-inflammatory potential which validates the enthnomedicinal claim of the plant.
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Mahmood MZ, Bibi S, Shahzad M, Fakhar A, Rafique M, Qayyum A. Mechanisms of microbes to combat salinity in soil by producing secondary metabolites. ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12517-021-09371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Patidar V, Shah S, Kumar R, Singh PK, Singh SB, Khatri DK. A molecular insight of inflammatory cascades in rheumatoid arthritis and anti-arthritic potential of phytoconstituents. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:2375-2391. [PMID: 34817776 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06986-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an auto-immune inflammatory disorder of the synovial lining of joints marked by immune cells infiltration and hyperplasia of synovial fibroblasts which results in articular cartilage destruction and bone erosion. The current review will provide comprehensive information and results obtained from the recent research on the phytochemicals which were found to have potential anti-arthritic activity along with the molecular pathway that were targeted to control RA progression. In this review, we have summarized the scientific data from various animal studies about molecular mechanisms, possible side effects, associations with conventional therapies, and the role of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) for RA such as ayurvedic medicines in arthritis. In the case of RA, phytochemicals have been shown to act through different pathways such as regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, T cell differentiation, inhibition of angiogenic factors, induction of the apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), inhibition of autophagic pathway by inhibiting High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB-1), Akt/ mTOR pathway and HIF-1α mediated Vascular endothelial growth (VEGF) expression. Also, osteoclasts differentiation is inhibited by down-regulating the VEGF expression by decreasing the accumulation of the ARNT (Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator)-HIF-1α complex Although phytochemicals have shown to exert potential anti-arthritic activity in many animal models and further clinical data is needed to confirm their safety, efficacy, and interactions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Patidar
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shruti Shah
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Nowrouzi B, Rios-Solis L. Redox metabolism for improving whole-cell P450-catalysed terpenoid biosynthesis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:1213-1237. [PMID: 34749553 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1990210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The growing preference for producing cytochrome P450-mediated natural products in microbial systems stems from the challenging nature of the organic chemistry approaches. The P450 enzymes are redox-dependent proteins, through which they source electrons from reducing cofactors to drive their activities. Widely researched in biochemistry, most of the previous studies have extensively utilised expensive cell-free assays to reveal mechanistic insights into P450 functionalities in presence of commercial redox partners. However, in the context of microbial bioproduction, the synergic activity of P450- reductase proteins in microbial systems have not been largely investigated. This is mainly due to limited knowledge about their mutual interactions in the context of complex systems. Hence, manipulating the redox potential for natural product synthesis in microbial chassis has been limited. As the potential of redox state as crucial regulator of P450 biocatalysis has been greatly underestimated by the scientific community, in this review, we re-emphasize their pivotal role in modulating the in vivo P450 activity through affecting the product profile and yield. Particularly, we discuss the applications of widely used in vivo redox engineering methodologies for natural product synthesis to provide further suggestions for patterning on P450-based terpenoids production in microbial platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Nowrouzi
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Boukhatem MN, Sudha T, Darwish NH, Nada HG, Mousa SA. [Rose-scented geranium essential oil from Algeria (Pelargonium graveolens L'Hérit.): Assessment of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties against different metastatic cancer cell lines]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2021; 80:383-396. [PMID: 34310905 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study of natural products is one of the strategies implemented for the discovery of new compounds that can be used in cancer therapy. Aromatic herbs and medicinal plants found in Algeria and their anti-angiogenesis and cytotoxic potentials against cancer have not been much explored. OBJECTIVES Our work aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of the essential oil (EO) extracted from rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) and its major (citronellol) and characteristic (linalool) constituents. RESULTS The chemical composition of EO was determined with chromatographic analysis and revealed the presence of citronellol as the major compound (25.84%). A strong chelating power of terpene alcohols (IC50 = 1.58 ± 0.23 mg/mL for citronellol) was found, with a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared with the standard antioxidants used (L-ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxyanisole). The EO is distinguished by an interesting anti-inflammatory effect with the lowest IC50 (4.63 ± 0.3 mg/mL), and it constitutes a good stabilizer of the erythrocyte membrane. Citronellol also exhibited the best anti-inflammatory effect (IC50 = 0.74 ± 0.09 mg/mL). We also assessed the anticancer effect of EO on two main pathways involved in cancer development, angiogenesis and cell proliferation, using in ovo bioassays with a chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) of chicken eggs and in vitro assays of its cytotoxicity on different metastatic breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), gastric (AGS) and melanoma (MV3) cell lines. In the CAM model, the density of micro-vessels is 75 ± 10 in the group supplemented with EO compared to 140 ± 9 for the control group (b-FGF). In addition, the EO significantly reduced the number of newly formed vessels. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using the cell proliferation inhibition method and cell viability was measured using the MTT test. Results revealed that the treatment of cancer lines with different concentrations of EO reduces the rate of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. EO showed the greatest cytotoxicity on the AGS line with an inhibition rate of 92.87 ± 0.13% at the highest dose (4 µL/mL), followed by the MV3 line (88.76 ± 0.96%). Conclusion and Prospects: Data demonstrated that rose-scented geranium EO has an anti-tumor potential on metastatic cancer cell lines. It is distinguished by its anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Medicinal plants might contain new molecules, with new structures, which could become lead candidate among future anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nadjib Boukhatem
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, 12144 NY, USA; Département de Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaire, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Blida 1, BP 270, 09000 Blida, Algérie; Laboratoire Ethnobotanique et Substances Naturelles, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, Alger, Algérie.
| | - Thangirala Sudha
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, 12144 NY, USA
| | - Noureldien He Darwish
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, 12144 NY, USA; Clinical Pathology Department, Hematology Unit, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanady G Nada
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, 12144 NY, USA; Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, 12144 NY, USA
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Coelho-de-Souza AN, Alves-Soares R, Oliveira HD, Gomes-Vasconcelos YA, Souza PJC, Santos-Nascimento T, Oliveira KA, Diniz LRL, Guimarães-Pereira J, Leal-Cardoso JH. The essential oil of Hyptis crenata Pohl ex Benth. presents an antiedematogenic effect in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e9422. [PMID: 33503203 PMCID: PMC7836437 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyptis crenata, commonly known as "salva-do-Marajó", "hortelã-do-campo", and "hortelãzinha", is used in folk medicine in Northeast Brazil as tea or infusion to treat inflammatory diseases. Due to the pharmacological efficacy and the low toxicity of the essential oil of Hyptis crenata (EOHc), we decided to investigate the EOHc antiedematogenic effect in experimental models of inflammation. EOHc was administrated orally at doses of 10-300 mg/kg to male Swiss albino mice. Paw edema was induced by subcutaneous injection in the right hind paw of inflammatory stimuli (carrageenan, dextran, histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin) 60 min after administration of EOHc. EOHc significantly inhibited the induced edema. The inhibitory effect of EOHc on dextran-induced edema extended throughout the experimental time. For the 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg doses of EOHc, the inhibition was of 40.28±1.70, 51.18±2.69, and 59.24±2.13%, respectively. The EOHc inhibitory effect on carrageenan-induced edema started at 10 mg/kg at the second hour (h) and was maintained throughout the observation period. At 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg doses the inhibition started earlier, from 30 min. At the edema peak of 180 min, 56, 76, and 82% inhibition was observed for 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg doses, respectively. Additionally, the effect of EOHc on carrageenan-induced paw edema was influenced by the time of administration. The EOHc also inhibited myeloperoxidase activity. In conclusion, the EOHc showed a potent effect, both preventing and reversing the edema, consistent with its anti-inflammatory use in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Coelho-de-Souza
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R Alves-Soares
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - H D Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Y A Gomes-Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - P J C Souza
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | | | - K A Oliveira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - L R L Diniz
- Faculdade do Nordeste da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - J Guimarães-Pereira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J H Leal-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Scrodentoids H and I, a Pair of Natural Epimerides from Scrophularia dentata, Inhibit Inflammation through JNK-STAT3 Axis in THP-1 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1842347. [PMID: 32802115 PMCID: PMC7403932 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1842347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Scrophularia dentata is an important medicinal plant and used for the treatment of exanthema and fever in Traditional Tibetan Medicine. Scrodentoids H and I (SHI), a pair of epimerides of C19-norditerpenoids isolated from Scrophularia dentata, could transfer to each other in room temperature and were firstly reported in our previous work. Here, we first reported the anti-inflammatory effects of SHI on LPS-induced inflammation. Purpose To evaluate the anti-inflammatory property of SHI, we investigated the effects of SHI on LPS-activated THP-1 cells. Methods THP-1 human macrophages were pretreated with SHI and stimulated with LPS. Proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 were measured by RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The mechanism of action involving phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, P38, and STAT3 was measured by western Blot. The NF-κB promoter activity was evaluated by Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System in TNF-α stimulated 293T cells. Results SHI dose-dependently reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. The ability of SHI to reduce production of cytokines is associated with phosphorylation depress of JNK and STAT3 rather than p38, ERK, and NF-κB promoter. Conclusions Our experimental results indicated that anti-inflammatory effects of SHI exhibit attenuation of LPS-induced inflammation and inhibit activation through JNK/STAT3 pathway in macrophages. These results suggest that SHI might have a potential in treating inflammatory disease.
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Wang D, Hiebl V, Xu T, Ladurner A, Atanasov AG, Heiss EH, Dirsch VM. Impact of natural products on the cholesterol transporter ABCA1. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112444. [PMID: 31805338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In different countries and areas of the world, traditional medicine has been and is still used for the treatment of various disorders, including chest pain or liver complaints, of which we now know that they can be linked with altered lipid and cholesterol homeostasis. As ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays an essential role in cholesterol metabolism, its modulation may be one of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the experienced benefit of traditional recipes. Intense research activity has been dedicated to the identification of natural products from traditional medicine that regulate ABCA1 expression. AIMS OF THE REVIEW This review surveys natural products, originating from ethnopharmacologically used plants, fungi or marine sources, which influence ABCA1 expression, providing a reference for future study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on regulation of ABCA1 expression by natural compounds from traditional medicine was extracted from ancient and modern books, materia medica, and electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ResearchGate). RESULTS More than 60 natural compounds from traditional medicine, especially traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), are reported to regulate ABCA1 expression in different in vitro and in vivo models (such as cholesterol efflux and atherosclerotic animal models). These active compounds belong to the classes of polyketides, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, amino acids and others. Several compounds appear very promising in vivo, which need to be further investigated in animal models of diseases related to ABCA1 or in clinical studies. CONCLUSION Natural products from traditional medicine constitute a large promising pool for compounds that regulate ABCA1 expression, and thus may prevent/treat diseases related to cholesterol metabolism, like atherosclerosis or Alzheimer's disease. In many cases, the molecular mechanisms of these natural products remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China
| | - Verena Hiebl
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tao Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China
| | - Angela Ladurner
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552, Jastrzębiec, Poland; Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchevstr., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Metabolite Profiling of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaf Extract Using Liquid Chromatography-Q-TOF-Mass Spectrometry and Investigation of Its Potential Antilipoxygenase Activity In-Vitro. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aquilaria malaccensis species of the genus Aquilaria is an abundant source of agarwood resin and many bioactive phytochemicals. Recent data regarding the chemical constituents and biological activities of Aquilaria leaves led us to attempt to qualitatively profile the metabolites of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves from a healthy, noninoculated tree through phytochemical screening, GC-MS, and LC/Q-TOF-MS. The present work is also the first to report the antilipoxygenase activity of A. malaccensis leaves from healthy noninoculated tree and investigate its toxicity on oral mucosal cells. A total of 53 compounds were tentatively identified in the extract, some of which have been described in literature as exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity. A number of compounds were identified for the first time in the extract of A. malaccensis leaf, including quercetin, quercetin-O-hexoside, kaempferol-O-dirhamnoside, isorhamnetin-O-hexoside, syringetin-O-hexoside, myricetin, tetrahydroxyflavanone, hesperetin, sissotrin, and lupeol. The antilipoxygenase assay was used to determine the lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory potential of the extract, while a WST-1 assay was conducted to investigate the effect of the extract on oral epithelial cells (OEC). The extract implied moderate anti-LOX activity with IC50 value of 71.6 µg/mL. Meanwhile, the cell viability of OEC ranged between 92.55% (10 µg/mL)–76.06% ± (100 µg/mL) upon treatment, indicating some potential toxicity risks. The results attained encourage future studies of the isolation of bioactive compounds from Aquilaria malaccensis leaves, as well as further investigation on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms and toxicity associated with their use.
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Hortelano S, González-Cofrade L, Cuadrado I, de Las Heras B. Current status of terpenoids as inflammasome inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 172:113739. [PMID: 31786260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports NLRP3 inflammasome as a new target to control inflammation. Dysregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of several human inflammatory diseases. However, no NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors are available in clinic. Terpenoids are natural products with multi-target activities against inflammation. Recent studies have revealed that these compounds are capable of inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in several mouse models of NLRP3 inflammasome-related pathogenesis. Thus, terpenoids represent an interesting pharmacological approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases as they are endowed with a dual mechanism of inhibition of NF-KB transcription factor and inflammasome activation, both critically involved in their anti-inflammatory effects. This work provides an overview of the current knowledge on the therapeutic potential of terpenoids as NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonsoles Hortelano
- Unidad de Terapias Farmacológicas, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura González-Cofrade
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Cuadrado
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz de Las Heras
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Adeyemi DO, Awoniran PO. Curcuma longa extracts suppress pathophysiology of experimental hepatic parenchymal cell necrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:153-162. [PMID: 31023565 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The study sought to investigate the protective potentials of Curcuma longa rhizome following potassium bromate-induced liver injury in Wistar rats. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups of 5 rats each (n = 5). Control group received normal saline while the other groups received oral administration of 100 mg/kg potassium bromate daily for two weeks to induce hepatic injury. Negative control I rats were sacrificed immediately after induction of hepatic injury, while the test groups were given oral dose of ethanol extract of Curcuma longa rhizome (EECLOR) at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for two weeks. Positive control group was treated with Silymarin for two weeks, while negative control II group was observed for the two-week period. At the end of the study, serum biochemical parameters of liver function enzymes, malondialdehyde and histopathological changes were investigated. Necrotic hepatocytes were quantified in H&E-stained liver sections using the morphologic criteria of typical necrotic tissue. Hepatocytes that remained intact were identified as those with round euchromatic nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Histological examination and morphological grading of the stained sections showed massive necrosis across the zones. EECLOR improved liver functions evidenced by reduced activity of serum amino transferases. It also reduced lipid peroxidation. In addition, there was significant reduction of hepatocytes showing morphological criteria of necrosis in EECLOR-treated rats across the zones, with appreciable radial sinusoidal arrangement. In conclusion, the protective actions of EECLOR against potassium bromate liver toxicity in rats, appears to be due to its ability to reduce lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Olawale Adeyemi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Paul Olugbemiga Awoniran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Costa MF, Durço AO, Rabelo TK, Barreto RDSS, Guimarães AG. Effects of Carvacrol, Thymol and essential oils containing such monoterpenes on wound healing: a systematic review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:141-155. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The treatment of wounds accounts for a considerable fraction of health expenses as well as serious socioeconomic problems. The use of natural substances stands out as a source of new therapeutic discoveries for the wound healing. Thus, this review compiled scientific findings on the applicability of carvacrol and thymol, or essential oils containing at least one of these compounds, for the treatment of wounds.
Methods
This review was performed at PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science databases using keywords as wound healing, thymol/carvacrol and essential oils. Thirteen studies were selected for discussion.
Key findings
Thymol/carvacrol was able to act in the three phases of wound healing. In the first phase, they showed modulatory effect of the inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and antimicrobial power. In the second phase, they promoted re-epithelialization, angiogenesis and development of granulation tissue. Finally, in the third phase, they improve the collagen deposition and modulated the growth of fibroblasts and keratinocytes.
Conclusions
These compounds present a high potential for the development of new therapeutic for wound repair. However, dose, efficacy and safety of these compounds for the treatment of wounds, as well as the mechanisms by which those effects can be observed, are challenges for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Fonseca Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Aimée Obolari Durço
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Thallita Kelly Rabelo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Rosana de Souza Siqueira Barreto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
- Departamento de Educação em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gibara Guimarães
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
- Departamento de Educação em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
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Gas chromatography mass spectometry analysis of Volatile compounds in ethanolic extract of propolis from geniotrigonathoracica of Malaysian stingless bees species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.22376/ijpbs.2018.9.4.p122-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Ramos-Hryb AB, Cunha MP, Kaster MP, Rodrigues ALS. Natural Polyphenols and Terpenoids for Depression Treatment: Current Status. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64068-0.00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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19
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Tran QT, Wong WF, Chai CL. Labdane diterpenoids as potential anti-inflammatory agents. Pharmacol Res 2017; 124:43-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Mawa S, Jantan I, Husain K. Isolation of Terpenoids from the Stem of Ficus aurantiaca Griff and their Effects on Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Chemotactic Activity of Neutrophils. Molecules 2016; 21:9. [PMID: 26742027 PMCID: PMC6273527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new triterpenoids; namely 28,28,30-trihydroxylupeol (1); 3,21,21,26-tetrahydroxy-lanostanoic acid (2) and dehydroxybetulinic acid (3) and seven known compounds; i.e., taraxerone (4); taraxerol (5); ethyl palmitate (6); herniarin (7); stigmasterol (8); ursolic acid (9) and acetyl ursolic acid (10) were isolated from the stem of Ficus aurantiaca Griff. The structures of the compounds were established by spectroscopic techniques. The compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotaxis by using the Boyden chamber technique and on human whole blood and neutrophil reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by using a luminol-based chemiluminescence assay. Among the compounds tested, compounds 1–4, 6 and 9 exhibited strong inhibition of PMN migration towards the chemoattractant N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) with IC50 values of 6.8; 2.8; 2.5; 4.1; 3.7 and 3.6 μM, respectively, comparable to that of the positive control ibuprofen (6.7 μM). Compounds 2–4, 6, 7 and 9 exhibited strong inhibition of ROS production of PMNs with IC50 values of 0.9; 0.9; 1.3; 1.1; 0.5 and 0.8 μM, respectively, which were lower than that of aspirin (9.4 μM). The bioactive compounds might be potential lead molecules for the development of new immunomodulatory agents to modulate the innate immune response of phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukranul Mawa
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
| | - Khairana Husain
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
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21
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Wilches I, Tobar V, Peñaherrera E, Cuzco N, Jerves L, Vander Heyden Y, León-Tamariz F, Vila E. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract from Jungia rugosa leaves in rodents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 173:166-71. [PMID: 26192806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jungia rugosa Less (Asteraceae), popularly known in Ecuador as "Carne humana" or "Fompo", is a vine present into the Andean region. It is traditionally used as medicine for the treatment of bruises, cuts and other external inflammatory processes. This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of J. rugosa leaves extract (JRLE) in rodents. MATERIAL AND METHODS The acute anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by animal models, including croton oil-induced ear oedema in mice, carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats and myeloperoxidase (MPO); the chronic anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by cotton pellet-induced granuloma. RESULTS Intraperitoneal administration of JRLE (125, 250, 500mg/kg) significantly (p<0.01-0.001) inhibited the croton oil-induced ear oedema and MPO activity in mice; the carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by 500mg/kg. Repeated (6 days) administration of the extract to mice previously implanted with cotton pellets reduced the formed granuloma (125mg/kg: 11.7%; 250mg/kg: 17.9%; 500mg/kg: 32.4%) but only the inhibition by 500mg/kg reached statistical significance (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The results show that JRLE is effective as an anti-inflammatory agent in acute and chronic inflammation in mice, supporting its traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Wilches
- Faculty of Chemistry, School of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Vladimiro Tobar
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Eugenia Peñaherrera
- Faculty of Chemistry, School of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Nancy Cuzco
- Faculty of Chemistry, School of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Lourdes Jerves
- Faculty of Chemistry, School of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- Department Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Vrije Universiteit Brussels-VUB, Belgium
| | - Fabián León-Tamariz
- Faculty of Chemistry, School of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Elisabet Vila
- Faculty of Chemistry, School of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador; Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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22
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Zerin T, Lee M, Jang WS, Nam KW, Song HY. Ursolic Acid Reduces Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Induced Nitric Oxide Release in Human Alveolar A549 cells. Mol Cells 2015; 38:610-5. [PMID: 26084752 PMCID: PMC4507026 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cells have been functionally implicated in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This study investigated the role of ursolic acid (UA)-a triterpenoid carboxylic acid with potent antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tuberculosis properties in mycobacterial infection of alveolar epithelial A549 cells. We observed that M. tuberculosis successfully entered A549 cells. Cytotoxi-city was mediated by nitric oxide (NO). A549 toxicity peaked along with NO generation 72 h after infection. The NO generated by mycobacterial infection in A549 cells was insufficient to kill mycobacteria, as made evident by the mycobacteria growth indicator tube time to detect (MGIT TTD) and viable cell count assays. Treatment of mycobacteria-infected cells with UA reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, NO generation, and eventually improved cell viability. Moreover, UA was found to quench the translocation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), from the cytosol to the nucleus in mycobacteria-infected cells. This study is the first to demonstrate the cytotoxic role of NO in the eradication of mycobacteria and the role of UA in reducing this cytotoxicity in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Zerin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 330-090,
Korea
| | - Minjung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 330-090,
Korea
| | - Woong Sik Jang
- Regional Innovation Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 336-745,
Korea
| | - Kung-Woo Nam
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 336-745,
Korea
| | - Ho-yeon Song
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 330-090,
Korea
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23
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Souza MTDS, Almeida JRGDS, Araujo AADS, Duarte MC, Gelain DP, Moreira JCF, dos Santos MRV, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Structure–activity relationship of terpenes with anti-inflammatory profile – a systematic review. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 115:244-56. [PMID: 25275147 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex biological response that in spite of having available treatments, their side effects limit their usefulness. Because of this, natural products have been the subject of incessant studies, among which the class of terpenes stands out. They have been the source of study for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs, once their chemical diversity is well suited to provide skeleton for future anti-inflammatory drugs. This systematic review reports the studies present in the literature that evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of terpenes suffering any change in their structures, assessing whether these changes also brought changes in their effects. The search terms anti-inflammatory agents, terpenes, and structure–activity relationship were used to retrieve English language articles in SCOPUS, PUBMED and EMBASE published between January 2002 and August 2013. Twenty-seven papers were found concerning the structural modification of terpenes with the evaluation of antiinflammatory activity. The data reviewed here suggest that modified terpenes are an interesting tool for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Cuadrado-Berrocal I, Gómez-Gaviro MV, Benito Y, Barrio A, Bermejo J, Fernández-Santos ME, Sánchez PL, Desco M, Fernández-Avilés F, Fernández-Velasco M, Boscá L, de Las Heras B. A labdane diterpene exerts ex vivo and in vivo cardioprotection against post-ischemic injury: involvement of AKT-dependent mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 93:428-39. [PMID: 25557296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches to protect the heart from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury are an area of intense research, as myocardial infarction is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Diterpenes are bioactive natural products with great therapeutic potential. In the present study, we have investigated the in vivo cardioprotective effects of a labdane diterpene (DT1) against cardiac I/R injury and the molecular mechanisms involved. DT1 attenuates post-ischemic injury via an AKT-dependent activation of HIF-1α, survival pathways and inhibition of NF-κB signaling. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in Wistar rats occluding the left coronary artery (LCA) for 30min followed by 72h reperfusion. DT1 (5mg/kg) was intravenously administered at reperfusion. In addition, we investigated the mechanisms of cardioprotection in the Langendorff-perfused model. Cardioprotection was observed when DT1 was administered after myocardial injury. The molecular mechanisms involved the activation of the survival pathway PDK-1, AKT and AMPK, a reduced phosphorylation of PKD1/2 and sustained HIF-1α activity, leading to increased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and decreased caspase-3 activation. Pharmacological inhibition of AKT following MI and prior to DT1 challenge significantly decreased the cardioprotection afforded by DT1 therapy at reperfusion. Cardiac function after MI was significantly improved after DT1-treatment, as evidenced by hemodynamic recovery and decreased myocardial infarct size. These findings demonstrate an efficient in vivo cardioprotection by diterpene DT1 against I/R when administered at reperfusion, opening new therapeutic strategies as adjunctive therapy for the pharmacological management of I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cuadrado-Berrocal
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María V Gómez-Gaviro
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, C/ Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aerospacial, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Benito
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, C/ Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Barrio
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, C/ Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bermejo
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, C/ Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Fernández-Santos
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, C/ Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro L Sánchez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, C/ Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aerospacial, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, C/ Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Velasco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La PAZ, IDIPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La PAZ, IDIPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz de Las Heras
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Somani SJ, Modi KP, Majumdar AS, Sadarani BN. Phytochemicals and their potential usefulness in inflammatory bowel disease. Phytother Res 2015; 29:339-50. [PMID: 25572840 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract with unclear etiology, namely ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Various drug therapies including aminosalicylates and immunomodulators have been approved for use; they have shown to produce diverse side effects. To overcome these limitations of the current therapeutics for IBD, extensive research is underway to identify drugs that are effective and free of undesirable side effects. Recently, various naturally occurring phytochemicals that cover a wide range of chemical entities such as polyphenols, terpeniods, flavonoids, and alkaloids have received attention as alternative candidates for IBD therapy. These phytochemicals act by modulating the immune response, various transcription factors, or reduce cytokine secretion. This review summarizes the findings of recent studies on phytochemicals as therapeutic agents in the management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil J Somani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, RK University, Rajkot, India
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Achoui M, Heyninck K, Looi CY, Mustafa AM, Haegeman G, Mustafa MR. Immunomodulatory effects of 17-O-acetylacuminolide in RAW264.7 cells and HUVECs: involvement of MAPK and NF-κB pathways. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:1993-2007. [PMID: 25349474 PMCID: PMC4208353 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s68659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The terpenoid 17-O-acetylacuminolide (AA) was shown to inhibit the production of several inflammatory mediators. However, the mechanisms by which this compound elicited its anti-inflammatory activity remain to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the effects of AA on inflammatory gene expression in two different cell types with primordial importance in the inflammatory processes – endothelial cells and macrophages. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, AA inhibited the expression of inflammatory proteins including the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule 1; vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; and E-selectin, as well as the release of the chemokine interleukin-8. Additionally, AA hindered the formation of capillary-like tubes in an in vitro model of angiogenesis. AA’s effects in endothelial cells can be attributed at least in part to AA’s inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NF-κB)’s translocation. Also, in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells, AA was able to downregulate the expression of the genes cyclooxygenase 2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2. Moreover, AA inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-alpha (IκBα), IκB kinase (IKK), and the mitogen-activated protein kinases JNK, ERK, and p38. In conclusion, the present results further support the anti-inflammatory potential of AA in different models of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Achoui
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Karen Heyninck
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ali Mohd Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Guy Haegeman
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Través PG, Pimentel-Santillana M, Rico D, Rodriguez N, Miethke T, Castrillo A, Theodorakis EA, Martín-Sanz P, Palladino MA, Boscá L. Anti-inflammatory actions of acanthoic acid-related diterpenes involve activation of the PI3K p110γ/δ subunits and inhibition of NF-κB. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2014; 21:955-66. [PMID: 25065531 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of acanthoic acid analogs on the response to proinflammatory challenge was investigated. Some pimarane diterpenes are known activators of the LXRαβ nuclear receptors, but we show here that they also exert a rapid, potent, and selective activation of the p110γ and p110δ subunits of PI3K. Combination of these effects results in an important attenuation of the global transcriptional response to LPS in macrophages. PI3K/Akt activation leads to inhibition of the LPS-dependent stimulation of IKK/NF-κB and p38 and ERK MAPKs. Macrophages from LXRαβ-deficient mice exhibited an inhibition of these pathways similar to the corresponding wild-type cells. Silencing or inhibition of p110γ/δ suppressed the effect of these diterpenes (DTPs) on IKK/NF-κB and MAPKs signaling. Taken together, these data show a multitarget anti-inflammatory mechanism by these DTPs including a selective activation of PI3K isoenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paqui G Través
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM, Unidad Asociada Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pimentel-Santillana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM, Unidad Asociada Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rico
- Structural Biology and BioComputing Programme, National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodriguez
- Institut of Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institut of Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antonio Castrillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM, Unidad Asociada Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emmanuel A Theodorakis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM, Unidad Asociada Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael A Palladino
- Sierra Mesa Technologies, 3357 Fortuna Ranch Road, Encinitas, CA 92024, USA.
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM, Unidad Asociada Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Bhatti HN, Khera RA. Biotransformations of diterpenoids and triterpenoids: a review. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2014; 16:70-104. [PMID: 24266458 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2013.846908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
During the past few years, research has focused on the microbial transformation of a huge variety of organic compounds to obtain compounds of therapeutic and/or industrial interest. Microbial transformation is a useful tool for organic chemists looking for new compounds, as a consequence of the variety of reactions for natural products. Terpenoids are a large family of natural products exhibiting a wide range of biological activities such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV and anti-tumor effects; hypotensive agents; sweeteners; insecticides; anti-feedants; phytotoxic agents; perfumery intermediates; and plant growth hormones. This article describes the biotransformation products of diterpenoids and triterpenoids in a variety of biological media. Emphasis is placed on reporting the metabolites that may be of special interest as well as the practical aspects of this work in the field of microbial transformations. This review covers the literature from 1991 to 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haq Nawaz Bhatti
- a Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38040 , Pakistan
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Rico-Martínez M, Medina FG, Marrero JG, Osegueda-Robles S. Biotransformation of diterpenes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45146a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural modification of the diterpenes to enhance their pharmaceutical relevance can be efficiently carried out by the application of biotransformational under mild reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rico-Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato
- C.P. 36275 Silao de la Victoria, Mexico
| | - Fernanda G. Medina
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato
- C.P. 36275 Silao de la Victoria, Mexico
| | - Joaquín G. Marrero
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato
- C.P. 36275 Silao de la Victoria, Mexico
| | - Soraya Osegueda-Robles
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato
- C.P. 36275 Silao de la Victoria, Mexico
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Kim IT, Ryu S, Shin JS, Choi JH, Park HJ, Lee KT. Euscaphic acid isolated from roots of Rosa rugosa inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses via TLR4-mediated NF-κB inactivation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:1936-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Cuadrado I, Cidre F, Herranz S, Estevez-Braun A, de las Heras B, Hortelano S. Labdanolic acid methyl ester (LAME) exerts anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of TAK-1 activation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 258:109-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yamunadevi M, Wesely EG, Johnson M. Phytochemical studies on the terpenoids of medicinally important plant Aerva lanata L. using HPTLC. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of 17-O-acetylacuminolide through the inhibition of cytokines, NF-κB translocation and IKKβ activity. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15105. [PMID: 21152019 PMCID: PMC2995738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 17-O-acetylacuminolide (AA), a diterpenoid labdane, was isolated for the first time from the plant species Neouvaria foetida. The anti-inflammatory effects of this compound were studied both in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Plant extracts were initially tested against LPS-stimulated release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) from murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells). Based on bioassay-guided fractionation, the active compound was identified as AA. AA was tested for its ability to reduce nitric oxide (NO) production, and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. The inhibition of a panel of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, KC, and GM-CSF) by AA was assessed at the expression and the mRNA levels. Moreover, the effect of AA on the translocation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was evaluated in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and in TNF-stimulated L929 cells. Subsequently, AA was tested in the inhibitor of NF-κB kinase beta (IKKβ) activity assay. Lastly, the anti-inflammatory activity of AA in vivo was evaluated by testing TNF production in LPS-stimulated Balb/c mice. KEY RESULTS AA effectively inhibited TNF-α release with an IC(50) of 2.7 µg/mL. Moreover, AA significantly inhibited both NO production and iNOS expression. It significantly and dose-dependently inhibited TNF and IL-1β proteins and mRNA expression; as well as IL-6 and KC proteins. Additionally, AA prevented the translocation of NF-κB in both cell lines; suggesting that it is acting at a post receptor level. This was confirmed by AA's ability to inhibit IKKβ activity, a kinase responsible for activating NF-κB, hence providing an insight on AA's mechanism of action. Finally, AA significantly reduced TNF production in vivo. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study presents the potential utilization of this compound, as a lead for the development of an anti-inflammatory drug.
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Modulation of inflammatory responses by diterpene acids from Helianthus annuus L. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 369:761-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Traves PG, Hortelano S, Zeini M, Chao TH, Lam T, Neuteboom ST, Theodorakis EA, Palladino MA, Castrillo A, Bosca L. Selective activation of liver X receptors by acanthoic acid-related diterpenes. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 71:1545-53. [PMID: 17329499 DOI: 10.1124/mol.106.031906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids constitute a large family of natural steroids that are widely distributed in plants and insects. We investigated the effects of a series of diterpenes structurally related to acanthoic acid in macrophage functions. We found that diterpenes with different substitutions at the C4 position in ring A are potent activators of liver X receptors (LXRalpha and LXRbeta) in both macrophage cell lines from human and mouse origin and primary murine macrophages. Activation of LXR by these diterpenes was evaluated in transient transfection assays and gene expression analysis of known LXR-target genes, including the cholesterol transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1, the sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, and the apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages (Spalpha). Moreover, active diterpenes greatly stimulated cholesterol efflux from macrophages. It is interesting that these diterpenes antagonize inflammatory gene expression mainly through LXR-dependent mechanisms, indicating that these compounds can activate both LXR activation and repression functions. Stimulation of macrophages with acanthoic acid diterpenes induced LXR-target gene expression and cholesterol efflux to similar levels observed with synthetic agonists 3-[3-[N-(2-chloro-3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-amino]propyloxy]phenylacetic acid hydrochloride (GW3965) and N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-N-[4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)-ethyl]phenyl]-benzenesulfonamide [T1317 (T0901317)]. These effects observed in gene expression were deficient in macrophages lacking both LXR isoforms (LXRalpha,beta(-/-)). These results show the ability of certain acanthoic acid diterpenes to activate efficiently both LXRs and suggest that these compounds can exert beneficial effects from a cardiovascular standpoint through LXR-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paqui G Traves
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Madrid, Spain
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Zhang Q, Chang Z, Wang Q. Ursane triterpenoids inhibit atherosclerosis and xanthoma in LDL receptor knockout mice. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2007; 20:349-57. [PMID: 17136324 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-006-0509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In order to determine the mechanism of triterpenes, a class of secondary metabolites in plants, in modulating progression of vascular atherosclerotic lesions, we isolated three ursane triterpenoids (euscaphic acid, tormentic acid and 2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid) from aerial part of Salvia miltirrhiza Bge. and fed LDLr(-/-) mice the isolated compounds at a dose of 10 mg/kg p.o. for 24 weeks. MATERIALS AND METHODS The treated mice were raised with a cholesterol-enriched (1.25%) diet. Implying serum and aorta MCP-1 analysis, we found that all mice treated with the compounds exhibited a significant reduction of whole body and vascular inflammation. RESULTS The reduction of macrophage cells' number in aortic atherosclerotic lesions suggests that triterpenes treatment results in the development of a more stable plaque phenotype. Analysis of the structure-activity relationships demonstrates that compounds with a beta-orientated hydrogen-bond forming group at C-3 exhibit more potent anti-atherogenic effect than the alpha-counterpart on the development of atherosclerosis and xanthoma. However, the biological activities of the compounds are significantly reduced when they have C-19 hydrogen-bonds. CONCLUSION These Results suggest that down-regulation of MCP-1 is the main mechanism for antiatherogenic activity of triterpenes and MCP-1 might play important roles in the development of atherosclerosis and xanthoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Gómez-Serranillos MP, El-Naggar T, Villar AM, Carretero ME. Analysis and retention behaviour in high-performance liquid chromatography of terpenic plant constituents (Sideritis spp.) with pharmacological interest. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 812:379-83. [PMID: 15556510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2004] [Accepted: 09/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Terpenoids are natural products with an important pharmacological interest, which are present in a number of medicinal plants. The species of Sideritis genus are valuable due to their high content in those compounds and they have been used in the Mediterranean area in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer agents. The present study describes a gradient elution reversed-phase method that uses diode array detection to determine ten pharmacologically active diterpenoids occurring in 12 species of Sideritis. First, we studied the chromatographic behaviour of standard diterpenoids to analyse the variation on retention time and the chromatographic properties with the mobile phase. Standard calibration curves were generated by plotting the area of peaks against a concentration range of the compounds. Second, the validated method was applied to the analyses of hexanic and methanolic extracts from 12 species of Sideritis, which were collected from different areas of Spain. Finally, we established for this plant a relationship between their use in folk medicine and their diterpenoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Gómez-Serranillos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda.de la Moncloa s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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