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Von Vietinghoff S, Shevchuk O, Dobrindt U, Engel DR, Jorch SK, Kurts C, Miethke T, Wagenlehner F. The global burden of antimicrobial resistance - urinary tract infections. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2024; 39:581-588. [PMID: 37891013 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a significant global healthcare problem. Antibiotic use has accelerated the physiologic process of AMR, particularly in Gram-negative pathogens. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are predominantly of a Gram-negative nature. Uropathogens are evolutionarily highly adapted and selected strains with specific virulence factors, suggesting common mechanisms in how bacterial cells acquire virulence and AMR factors. The simultaneous increase in resistance and virulence is a complex and context-dependent phenomenon. Among known AMR mechanisms, the plenitude of different β-lactamases is especially prominent. The risk for AMR in UTIs varies in different patient populations. A history of antibiotic consumption and the physiology of urinary flow are major factors that shape AMR prevalence. The urinary tract is in close crosstalk with the microbiome of other compartments, including the gut and genital tracts. In addition, pharmacokinetic properties and the physiochemical composition of urinary compartments can contribute to the emergence of AMR. Alternatives to antibiotic treatment and a broader approach to address bacterial infections are needed. Among the various alternatives studied, antimicrobial peptides and bacteriophage treatment appear to be highly promising approaches. We herein summarize the present knowledge of clinical and microbiological AMR in UTIs and discuss innovative approaches, namely new risk prediction tools and the use of non-antibiotic approaches to defend against uropathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Von Vietinghoff
- University Hospital Bonn, Medical Clinic 1, Section for Nephrology and University Bonn, Germany
| | - Olga Shevchuk
- University Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- University of Münster, Institute of Hygiene, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Robert Engel
- University Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Department of Immunodynamics, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Miethke
- Medical Faculty of Mannheim University of Heidelberg, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Florian Wagenlehner
- Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Clinic for Urology, Paediatric Urology and Andrology, Giessen, Germany
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2
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Schoettler JJ, Sandrio S, Boesing C, Bauer L, Miethke T, Thiel M, Krebs J. Bacterial Co- or Superinfection in Patients Treated in Intensive Care Unit with COVID-19- and Influenza-Associated Pneumonia. Pathogens 2023; 12:927. [PMID: 37513774 PMCID: PMC10385659 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral pneumonia is frequently complicated by bacterial co- or superinfection (c/s) with adverse effects on patients' outcomes. However, the incidence of c/s and its impact on the outcomes of patients might be dependent on the type of viral pneumonia. We performed a retrospective observational study in patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia (CP) or influenza pneumonia (IP) from 01/2009 to 04/2022, investigating the incidence of c/s using a competing risk model and its impact on mortality in these patients in a tertiary referral center using multivariate logistic regressions. Co-infection was defined as pulmonary pathogenic bacteria confirmed in tracheal aspirate or bronchoalveolar lavage within 48 h after hospitalization. Superinfection was defined as pulmonary pathogenic bacteria detected in tracheal aspirate or bronchoalveolar lavage 48 h after hospitalization. We examined 114 patients with CP and 76 patients with IP. Pulmonary bacterial co-infection was detected in 15 (13.2%), and superinfection was detected in 50 (43.9%) of CP patients. A total of 5 (6.6%) co-infections (p = 0.2269) and 28 (36.8%) superinfections (p = 0.3687) were detected in IP patients. The overall incidence of c/s did not differ between CP and IP patients, and c/s was not an independent predictor for mortality in a study cohort with a high disease severity. We found a significantly higher probability of superinfection for patients with CP compared to patients with IP (p = 0.0017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Johannes Schoettler
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68165 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stany Sandrio
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68165 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Boesing
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68165 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lena Bauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68165 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68165 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manfred Thiel
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68165 Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joerg Krebs
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68165 Mannheim, Germany
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3
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Kim HE, Maros ME, Miethke T, Kittel M, Siegel F, Ganslandt T. Lightweight Visual Transformers Outperform Convolutional Neural Networks for Gram-Stained Image Classification: An Empirical Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051333. [PMID: 37239004 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to automate Gram-stain analysis to speed up the detection of bacterial strains in patients suffering from infections. We performed comparative analyses of visual transformers (VT) using various configurations including model size (small vs. large), training epochs (1 vs. 100), and quantization schemes (tensor- or channel-wise) using float32 or int8 on publicly available (DIBaS, n = 660) and locally compiled (n = 8500) datasets. Six VT models (BEiT, DeiT, MobileViT, PoolFormer, Swin and ViT) were evaluated and compared to two convolutional neural networks (CNN), ResNet and ConvNeXT. The overall overview of performances including accuracy, inference time and model size was also visualized. Frames per second (FPS) of small models consistently surpassed their large counterparts by a factor of 1-2×. DeiT small was the fastest VT in int8 configuration (6.0 FPS). In conclusion, VTs consistently outperformed CNNs for Gram-stain classification in most settings even on smaller datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee E Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics at the Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mate E Maros
- Department of Biomedical Informatics at the Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kittel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fabian Siegel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics at the Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Ganslandt
- Chair of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Casati B, Verdi JP, Hempelmann A, Kittel M, Klaebisch AG, Meister B, Welker S, Asthana S, Di Giorgio S, Boskovic P, Man KH, Schopp M, Ginno PA, Radlwimmer B, Stebbins CE, Miethke T, Papavasiliou FN, Pecori R. Rapid, adaptable and sensitive Cas13-based COVID-19 diagnostics using ADESSO. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3308. [PMID: 35676259 PMCID: PMC9176161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, PCR testing and antigen tests have proven critical for helping to stem the spread of its causative agent, SARS-CoV-2. However, these methods suffer from either general applicability and/or sensitivity. Moreover, the emergence of variant strains creates the need for flexibility to correctly and efficiently diagnose the presence of substrains. To address these needs we developed the diagnostic test ADESSO (Accurate Detection of Evolving SARS-CoV-2 through SHERLOCK (Specific High Sensitivity Enzymatic Reporter UnLOCKing) Optimization) which employs Cas13 to diagnose patients in 1 h without sophisticated equipment. Using an extensive panel of clinical samples, we demonstrate that ADESSO correctly identifies infected individuals at a sensitivity and specificity comparable to RT-qPCR on extracted RNA and higher than antigen tests for unextracted samples. Altogether, ADESSO is a fast, sensitive and cheap method that can be applied in a point of care setting to diagnose COVID-19 and can be quickly adjusted to detect new variants. SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests are commonly used point-of-care tests and provide rapid results but lack sensitivity. Here, the authors present a new point-of-care approach for COVID-19 diagnosis, “ADESSO”, which outperforms antigen tests on clinical samples and can be quickly adapted for different variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Casati
- Division of Immune Diversity, Department of Immunology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joseph Peter Verdi
- Division of Immune Diversity, Department of Immunology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Structural Biology of Infection and Immunity, Department of Immunology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Hempelmann
- Division of Structural Biology of Infection and Immunity, Department of Immunology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kittel
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andrea Gutierrez Klaebisch
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bianca Meister
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sybille Welker
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sonal Asthana
- Division of Immune Diversity, Department of Immunology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Salvatore Di Giorgio
- Division of Immune Diversity, Department of Immunology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavle Boskovic
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ka Hou Man
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meike Schopp
- Division of Regulatory Genomics and Cancer Evolution, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Adrian Ginno
- Division of Regulatory Genomics and Cancer Evolution, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Radlwimmer
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charles Erec Stebbins
- Division of Structural Biology of Infection and Immunity, Department of Immunology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany. .,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Fotini Nina Papavasiliou
- Division of Immune Diversity, Department of Immunology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Riccardo Pecori
- Division of Immune Diversity, Department of Immunology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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5
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Kusnik A, Weiss C, Neubauer M, Huber B, Gerigk M, Miethke T, Hunter N, Rotter N, Ludwig S, Schell A, Ebert MP, Teufel A. Presence of gustatory and olfactory dysfunction in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:612. [PMID: 34174816 PMCID: PMC8234756 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unexpected outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused more than 49 million cases and an estimated 2,000,000 associated deaths worldwide. In Germany, there are currently more than 2,000,000 laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases including 51,800 deaths. However, regional differences also became apparent and with the second wave of infections, the detailed characterization of COVID-19 patients is crucial to early diagnosis and disruption of chains of infections. METHODS Handing out detailed questionnaires to all individuals tested for COVID-19, we evaluated the clinical characteristics of negative and positive tested individuals. Expression of symptoms, symptom duration and association between predictor variables (i.e. age, gender) and a binary outcome (olfactory and gustatory dysfunction) were assessed. RESULTS Overall, the most common symptoms among individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were fatigue, headache, and cough. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction were also reported by many SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals, more than 20% of SARS-CoV-2 negative tested individuals in our study reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. Independent of SARS-CoV-2 status, more females displayed symptoms of gustatory (29.8%, p = 0.0041) and olfactory dysfunction (22.9%, p = 0.0174) compared to men. CONCLUSIONS Bringing early SARS-CoV-2 tests to the populations at risk must be a main focus for the upcoming months. The reliability of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 negative tested individuals requires deeper investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kusnik
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Clincial Cooperation Unit Healthy Metabolism, Center for Preventive Medicine Baden-Württemberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christel Weiss
- Department of Statistics, Biomathematics and Information Processing, Heinrich Lanz Center for Digital Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Melanie Neubauer
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bianca Huber
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marlis Gerigk
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicole Hunter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicole Rotter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sonja Ludwig
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Angela Schell
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias P Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Clincial Cooperation Unit Healthy Metabolism, Center for Preventive Medicine Baden-Württemberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Teufel
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- Clincial Cooperation Unit Healthy Metabolism, Center for Preventive Medicine Baden-Württemberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Hepatology, Division of Clinical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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6
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Ittensohn J, Hemberger J, Griffiths H, Keller M, Albrecht S, Miethke T. Regulation of Expression of the TIR-Containing Protein C Gene of the Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strain CFT073. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050549. [PMID: 34062817 PMCID: PMC8147327 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain CFT073 causes kidney abscesses in mice Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing protein C (TcpC) dependently and the corresponding gene is present in around 40% of E. coli isolates of pyelonephritis patients. It impairs the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling chain and the NACHT leucin-rich repeat PYD protein 3 inflammasome (NLRP3) by binding to TLR4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 as well as to NLRP3 and caspase-1, respectively. Overexpression of the tcpC gene stopped replication of CFT073. Overexpression of several tcpC-truncation constructs revealed a transmembrane region, while its TIR domain induced filamentous bacteria. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that tcpC expression is presumably tightly controlled. We tested two putative promoters designated P1 and P2 located at 5′ of the gene c2397 and 5′ of the tcpC gene (c2398), respectively, which may form an operon. High pH and increasing glucose concentrations stimulated a P2 reporter construct that was considerably stronger than a P1 reporter construct, while increasing FeSO4 concentrations suppressed their activity. Human urine activated P2, demonstrating that tcpC might be induced in the urinary tract of infected patients. We conclude that P2, consisting of a 240 bp region 5′ of the tcpC gene, represents the major regulator of tcpC expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ittensohn
- Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.I.); (J.H.); (H.G.); (M.K.); (S.A.)
- Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Hemberger
- Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.I.); (J.H.); (H.G.); (M.K.); (S.A.)
- Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hannah Griffiths
- Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.I.); (J.H.); (H.G.); (M.K.); (S.A.)
- Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maren Keller
- Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.I.); (J.H.); (H.G.); (M.K.); (S.A.)
- Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Simone Albrecht
- Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.I.); (J.H.); (H.G.); (M.K.); (S.A.)
- Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.I.); (J.H.); (H.G.); (M.K.); (S.A.)
- Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
The dissemination of carbapenem-producing Gram-negative bacteria is a major public health concern. We report the first detection of OXA-244-producing ST131 O16:H5 Escherichia coli in three patients from two tertiary hospitals in the south-west of Germany. OXA-244 is emerging in Europe. Because of detection challenges, OXA-244-producing E. coli may be under-reported. The emergence of carbapenem resistance in a globally circulating high-risk clone, such as ST131 E. coli is of clinical relevance and should be monitored closely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Welker
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Klaus Heeg
- Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dennis Nurjadi
- Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Kusnik A, Hunter N, Rasbach E, Miethke T, Reissfelder C, Ebert MP, Teufel A. Co-Medication and Nutrition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Potentially Preventative Strategies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis 2021; 39:526-533. [PMID: 33429390 DOI: 10.1159/000514277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide, with about 841,000 new cases and 782,000 deaths annually. Given the clearly defined population at risk, mostly patients with liver cirrhosis, prevention of HCC could be highly effective. SUMMARY Besides regular ultrasound surveillance, numerous publications have suggested protective effects of diverse drugs and nutrients. However, none of those preventive options has made it into clinical routine or practice guidelines. We therefore summarize the current status of preventive effects of drugs such as statins, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and metformin, but also dietary aspects and nutrients such as coffee, tea, and vitamin D supplementation. A successful implementation of some of these strategies may potentially lead to improved prevention of HCC development in patients with liver cirrhosis. Key Messages: Accumulating data suggest that particularly ASA, antidiabetic therapies, and statins may substantially decrease HCC incidence in patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kusnik
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg (CPDBW), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicole Hunter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Erik Rasbach
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Reissfelder
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Philip Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg (CPDBW), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Teufel
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg (CPDBW), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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9
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Kim H, Ganslandt T, Miethke T, Neumaier M, Kittel M. Deep Learning Frameworks for Rapid Gram Stain Image Data Interpretation: Protocol for a Retrospective Data Analysis. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e16843. [PMID: 32673276 PMCID: PMC7385633 DOI: 10.2196/16843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in deep learning technology and successful use cases have been introduced in the medical domain. However, not many studies have considered high-performance computing to fully appreciate the capability of deep learning technology. Objective This paper aims to design a solution to accelerate an automated Gram stain image interpretation by means of a deep learning framework without additional hardware resources. Methods We will apply and evaluate 3 methodologies, namely fine-tuning, an integer arithmetic–only framework, and hyperparameter tuning. Results The choice of pretrained models and the ideal setting for layer tuning and hyperparameter tuning will be determined. These results will provide an empirical yet reproducible guideline for those who consider a rapid deep learning solution for Gram stain image interpretation. The results are planned to be announced in the first quarter of 2021. Conclusions Making a balanced decision between modeling performance and computational performance is the key for a successful deep learning solution. Otherwise, highly accurate but slow deep learning solutions can add value to routine care. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/16843
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kim
- Heinrich-Lanz-Center for Digital Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Ganslandt
- Heinrich-Lanz-Center for Digital Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kittel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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10
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Kittel M, Findeisen P, Ghebremedhin B, Miethke T, Grundt A, Ahmad-Nejad P, Neumaier M. Rapid susceptibility testing of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella by glucose metabolization monitoring. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 57:1271-1279. [PMID: 30763260 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The increasing number of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria provides enormous challenges for choosing an appropriate antibiotic therapy in the early phase of sepsis. While bacterial identification has been greatly accelerated by the introduction of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), the antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) remains time-consuming. Here, we present a rapid susceptibility testing method for testing Gram-negative bacteria, exemplarily validated for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. Methods Gram-negative isolates (E. coli and Klebsiella spp.) were either taken as single colonies from agar plates (n=136) or directly extracted and identified from positive blood cultures (n=42) using MALDI-TOF MS. Bacteria were incubated in glucose-supplemented Luria broths (LBs) each containing one antibiotic (ceftazidime, piperacillin, imipenem and ciprofloxacin), routinely used to classify Gram-negative bacteria in Germany. To determine susceptibility the dynamics of glucose utilization in bacterial suspensions were quantitatively measured in the presence or absence of antibiotics designated liquid-AST (L-AST). Results The L-AST can be run on clinical-chemistry analyzers and integrated into laboratory routines. It yields critical resistance information within 90-150 min downstream of a MS-based identification. The results showed a high concordance with routine susceptibility testing, with less than 1% very major errors (VME) and 3.51% major errors (ME) for 178 assessed isolates. Analysis of turnaround time (TAT) for 42 clinical samples indicated that L-AST results could be obtained 34 h earlier than the routine results. Conclusions As exemplified for E. coli and Klebsiella spp., L-AST provides substantial acceleration of susceptibility testing following MALDI-TOF MS identification. The assay is a simple and low-cost method that can be integrated into clinical laboratory to allow for 24/7 AST. This approach could improve antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kittel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Findeisen
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Beniam Ghebremedhin
- Institute for Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, HELIOS Klinikum Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Grundt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Parviz Ahmad-Nejad
- Institute for Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, HELIOS Klinikum Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, Phone: +49 - 621 383 2222, Fax: +49 - 621 383 3819
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11
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Werner E, Hornung R, Berlit S, Petzold A, Miethke T, Weiß C, Sütterlin M. Lassen sich pathologische Keime im maternalen Vaginalabstrich postpartal beim Kind nachweisen? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Werner
- Universitätsmedizin, Frauenklinik, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - R Hornung
- Universitätsmedizin, Frauenklinik, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - S Berlit
- Universitätsmedizin, Frauenklinik, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - A Petzold
- Universitätsmedizin, Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - T Miethke
- Universitätsmedizin, Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - C Weiß
- Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Medizinische Statistik, Biomathematik und Informationsverarbeitung, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - M Sütterlin
- Universitätsmedizin, Frauenklinik, Mannheim, Deutschland
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12
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Hornung R, Werner E, Berlit S, Petzold A, Miethke T, Weiß C, Sütterlin M. Nutzen und Probleme des Vaginalabstrichs in der Schwangerschaft. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Hornung
- Universitätsmedizin, Frauenklinik, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - E Werner
- Universitätsmedizin, Frauenklinik, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - S Berlit
- Universitätsmedizin, Frauenklinik, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - A Petzold
- Universitätsmedizin, Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - T Miethke
- Universitätsmedizin, Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - C Weiß
- Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Medizinische Statistik, Biomathematik und Informationsverarbeitung, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - M Sütterlin
- Universitätsmedizin, Frauenklinik, Mannheim, Deutschland
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13
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Heidenreich D, Kreil S, Jawhar M, Müller N, Nolte F, Becker KP, Miethke T, Hofmann WK, Klein SA. Course of colonization by multidrug-resistant organisms after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Ann Hematol 2018; 97:2501-2508. [PMID: 30121845 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-018-3475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) have been developing as an emerging problem in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Since no data are available on the course of MDRO colonization after HCT, we investigated in this retrospective, single-center study, persistence and clearance of MDRO after HCT. From June 2010 to December 2015, 121 consecutive HCT patients were included. Patients received a MDRO screening before conditioning as well as surveillance cultures after HCT. In MDRO-colonized patients, surveillance specimens were taken until MDRO were no longer detectable. Thirty-three patients (27%) were found to be colonized by at least one MDRO at any time point until day 100 post HCT. Day 100 (2-year) non-relapse mortality (NRM) and overall survival (OS) of MDRO-colonized (MDRO+) versus non-colonized (MDRO-) patients were essentially the same. NRM is 15% (21%) versus 15% (24%). Two-year OS is 60 versus 55% for MDRO+ versus MDRO- patients. Out of the 33 MDRO+ patients, 21 cleared the MDRO. Median time to non-detectability of MDRO was 6 months. In 12 patients, the MDRO persisted. There was a significant (p < 0.0001) survival difference between patients who cleared the MDRO versus those with MDRO persistence (2-year OS 80 vs 40%). Except for the length of antibiotic therapy as a potential risk factor for MDRO persistence after HCT, no other conventional factors could be identified. (a) colonization by MDRO per se had no negative impact on the outcome, (b) MDRO can be cleared by the majority of patients after allogeneic HCT, and (c) to increase the probability to clear MDRO, the use of antibiotics in MDRO+ patients should be reviewed critically.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Heidenreich
- Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, III. Medizinische Klinik, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Kreil
- Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, III. Medizinische Klinik, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Jawhar
- Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, III. Medizinische Klinik, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - N Müller
- Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, III. Medizinische Klinik, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - F Nolte
- Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, III. Medizinische Klinik, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - K-P Becker
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - T Miethke
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - W-K Hofmann
- Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, III. Medizinische Klinik, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan A Klein
- Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, III. Medizinische Klinik, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
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Postina P, Skladny J, Boch T, Cornely OA, Hamprecht A, Rath PM, Steinmann J, Bader O, Miethke T, Dietz A, Merker N, Hofmann WK, Buchheidt D, Spiess B. Comparison of Two Molecular Assays for Detection and Characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus Triazole Resistance and Cyp51A Mutations in Clinical Isolates and Primary Clinical Samples of Immunocompromised Patients. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:555. [PMID: 29662479 PMCID: PMC5890139 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In hematological patients, the incidence of invasive aspergillosis (IA) caused by azole resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (ARAf) is rising. As the diagnosis of IA is rarely based on positive culture in this group of patients, molecular detection of resistance mutations directly from clinical samples is crucial. In addition to the in-house azole resistance ARAf polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays detecting the frequent mutation combinations TR34/L98H, TR46/Y121F/T289A, and M220 in the Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) Cyp51A gene by subsequent DNA sequence analysis, we investigated in parallel the commercially available AsperGenius® real time PCR system in detecting the Cyp51A alterations TR34/L98H and Y121F/T289A directly from 52 clinical samples (15 biopsies, 22 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), 15 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples) and ARAf isolates (n = 3) of immunocompromised patients. We analyzed DNA aliquots and compared both methods concerning amplification and detection of Aspergillus DNA and Cyp51A alterations. As positive control for the feasibility of our novel Y121F and T289A PCR assays, we used two A. fumigatus isolates with the TR46/Y121F/T289A mutation combination isolated from hematological patients with known Cyp51A alterations and a lung biopsy sample of a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The rate of positive ARAf PCR results plus successful sequencing using the ARAf PCR assays was 61% in biopsies, 29% in CSF, 67% in BAL samples and 100% in isolates. In comparison the amount of positive PCRs using the AsperGenius® assays was 47% in biopsies, 42% in CSF, 59% in BAL samples and 100% in isolates. Altogether 17 Cyp51A alterations were detected using our ARAf PCRs plus DNA sequencing and therefrom 10 alterations also by the AsperGenius® system. The comparative evaluation of our data revealed that our conventional PCR assays are more sensitive in detecting ARAf in BAL and biopsy samples, whereby differences were not significant. The advantage of the AsperGenius® system is the time saving aspect. We consider non-culture based molecular detection of Aspergillus triazole resistance to be of high epidemiological and clinical relevance in patients with hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Postina
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julian Skladny
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Boch
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Oliver A Cornely
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Clinical Trials Centre Cologne, ZKS Köln and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Hamprecht
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter-Michael Rath
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jörg Steinmann
- Institute of Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Clinical Infectiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Bader
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Dietz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Natalia Merker
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dieter Buchheidt
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Birgit Spiess
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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15
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Kittel M, Greulich A, Findeisen P, Haselmann V, Burrer A, Willem C, Miethke T, Ahmad-Nejad P, Neumaier M. Direct MS-Based Bacterial Identification of Blood Cultures. Comparison of an In-House TritonX-Protocol with Bruker-Sepsityper™. Clin Lab 2018; 64. [DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2018.180522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Schmidt R, Redecke V, Breitfeld Y, Wantia N, Miethke T, Massberg S, Fischel S, Neumann FJ, Schömig A, May A. EMMPRIN (CD 147) is a central activator of extracellular matrix degradation by Chlamydia pneumoniae-infected monocytes. Thromb Haemost 2017. [DOI: 10.1160/th05-07-0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Chlamydia (C.) pneumoniae are thought to infect monocytes and use them as vectors into the vessel wall, where they may accelerate atherosclerosis. We investigated the effects of C. pneumoniae on monocytic matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation with focus on the role of the extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer EMMPRIN. Human monocytes or monocytic MonoMac6 cells were infected with C. pneumoniae. Infection enhanced mRNA-and surface expression of EMMPRIN and Membrane-type-1 Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), plus the secretion of MMP-7, MMP-9 and the urokinase receptor (uPAR). Chlamydial heat shock protein 60 was identified to be partially responsible for EMMPRIN and MMP-9 induction, while C. trachomatis-infection had no stimulatory effect, indicatinga C. pneumoniae-specific activation pathway. Suppression of EMMPRIN by gene silencing almost completely hindered the induction of MT1-MMP and MMP-9 by C. pneumoniae, suggesting a predominant regulatory role for EMMPRIN. Moreover, C. pneumoniae-infected monocytes exhibited increased MMP-and plasmin-dependent migration through “matrigel”. Additionally, incubation of SMCs with supernatants of C. pneumoniae-infected monocytes induced MMP-2 activation, which was inhibited by IL1-Receptor antagonist or anti-IL-6-mAb, indicating paracrine intercellular activation pathways. In conclusion,C. pneumoniae induce MMP activity directly in monocytes through an EMMPRINdependent pathway and indirectly in SMCs via monocytederived cytokines.
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Eckel J, Schüttpelz-Brauns K, Miethke T, Rolletschek A, Fritz HM. The inventory as a core element in the further development of the science curriculum in the Mannheim Reformed Curriculum of Medicine. GMS J Med Educ 2017; 34:Doc22. [PMID: 28584870 PMCID: PMC5450426 DOI: 10.3205/zma001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The German Council of Science and Humanities as well as a number of medical professional associations support the strengthening of scientific competences by developing longitudinal curricula for teaching scientific competences in the undergraduate medical education. The National Competence Based Catalogue of Learning Objectives for Undergraduate Medical Education (NKLM) has also defined medical scientific skills as learning objectives in addition to the role of the scholar. The development of the Mannheim science curriculum started with a systematic inventory of the teaching of scientific competences in the Mannheim Reformed Curriculum of Medicine (MaReCuM). Methods: The inventory is based on the analysis of module profiles, teaching materials, surveys among experts, and verbatims from memory. Furthermore, science learning objectives were defined and prioritized, thus enabling the contents of the various courses to be assigned to the top three learning objectives. Results: The learning objectives systematic collection of information regarding the current state of research, critical assessment of scientific information and data sources, as well as presentation and discussion of the results of scientific studies are facilitated by various teaching courses from the first to the fifth year of undergraduate training. The review reveals a longitudinal science curriculum that has emerged implicitly. Future efforts must aim at eliminating redundancies and closing gaps; in addition, courses must be more closely aligned with each other, regarding both their contents and their timing, by means of a central coordination unit. Conclusion: The teaching of scientific thinking and working is a central component in the MaReCuM. The inventory and prioritization of science learning objectives form the basis for a structured ongoing development of the curriculum. An essential aspect here is the establishment of a central project team responsible for the planning, coordination, and review of these measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Eckel
- University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim at Heidelberg University, Department of Undergraduate Education and Educational Development, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katrin Schüttpelz-Brauns
- University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim at Heidelberg University, Department of Undergraduate Education and Educational Development, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- University Medicine Mannheim, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexandra Rolletschek
- University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim at Heidelberg University, Department of Undergraduate Education and Educational Development, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harald M. Fritz
- University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim at Heidelberg University, Department of Undergraduate Education and Educational Development, Mannheim, Germany
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Müller T, Becker E, Stallmann S, Waldhuber A, Römmler-Dreher F, Albrecht S, Mohr F, Hegemann JH, Miethke T. Vaccination with the polymorphic membrane protein A reduces Chlamydia muridarum induced genital tract pathology. Vaccine 2017; 35:2801-2810. [PMID: 28413133 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D-K are one of the most frequent causes of sexually transmitted infections of the female genital tract, with possible complications such as hydrosalpinx, pelvic inflammatory disease, extra-uterine gravidity or infertility. We used the murine genital tract infection model with C. muridarum for vaccination studies and found that more than 70% of the infected mice suffered from uterus dilatations and/or hydrosalpinx. Systemic consequences of the vaginal infection were apparent by splenomegaly ten to fifteen days post infection. While cultivable microorganisms were detectable for the first 23days post infection, the first lesions of the genital tract developed at day 15, however, many lesions occurred later in the absence of cultivable bacteria. Lesions were not accompanied by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFNɣ, TNF and IL-6, since these cytokines were almost undetectable in the genital tract 43days post infection. To prevent genital tract lesions, we vaccinated mice with the polymorphic membrane protein (Pmp) A in combination with CpG-ODN 1826 as adjuvant. The vaccine lowered the chlamydial burden and the differences were significant at day 10 post infection but not later. More importantly the vaccine decreased the rate and severity of genital tract lesions. Interestingly, control vaccination with the protein ovalbumin plus CpG-ODN 1826 enhanced significantly the severity but not the rate of pathologic lesions, which was presumably caused by the activation of innate immune responses by the adjuvant in the absence of a C. muridarum-specific adaptive immune response. In summary, vaccination with recombinant PmpA plus CpG-ODN 1826 significantly reduced C. muridarum-induced tissue damage, however, CpG-ODN 1826 may aggravate C. muridarum-induced tissue injuries in the absence of a protective antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Müller
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstr. 30, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Becker
- Funktionelle Genomforschung der Mikroorganismen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraβe 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sonja Stallmann
- Funktionelle Genomforschung der Mikroorganismen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraβe 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Waldhuber
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstr. 30, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Franziska Römmler-Dreher
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstr. 30, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Simone Albrecht
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fabian Mohr
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstr. 30, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Johannes H Hegemann
- Funktionelle Genomforschung der Mikroorganismen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraβe 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
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Heidenreich D, Kreil S, Nolte F, Hofmann WK, Miethke T, Klein SA. Multidrug-resistant organisms in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Eur J Haematol 2017; 98:485-492. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Kreil
- III. Medizinische Klinik; Universitätsmedizin Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
| | - Florian Nolte
- III. Medizinische Klinik; Universitätsmedizin Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
| | - Wolf K. Hofmann
- III. Medizinische Klinik; Universitätsmedizin Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene; Universitätsmedizin Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
| | - Stefan A. Klein
- III. Medizinische Klinik; Universitätsmedizin Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
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20
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Waldhuber A, Puthia M, Wieser A, Svanborg C, Miethke T. Analysis of the Virulence of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strain CFT073 in the Murine Urinary Tract. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2129. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Ambite I, Puthia M, Nagy K, Cafaro C, Nadeem A, Butler DSC, Rydström G, Filenko NA, Wullt B, Miethke T, Svanborg C. Molecular Basis of Acute Cystitis Reveals Susceptibility Genes and Immunotherapeutic Targets. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005848. [PMID: 27732661 PMCID: PMC5061333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage is usually regarded as a necessary price to pay for successful elimination of pathogens by the innate immune defense. Yet, it is possible to distinguish protective from destructive effects of innate immune activation and selectively attenuate molecular nodes that create pathology. Here, we identify acute cystitis as an Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)-driven, hyper-inflammatory condition of the infected urinary bladder and IL-1 receptor blockade as a novel therapeutic strategy. Disease severity was controlled by the mechanism of IL-1β processing and mice with intact inflammasome function developed a moderate, self-limiting form of cystitis. The most severe form of acute cystitis was detected in mice lacking the inflammasome constituents ASC or NLRP-3. IL-1β processing was hyperactive in these mice, due to a new, non-canonical mechanism involving the matrix metalloproteinase 7- (MMP-7). ASC and NLRP-3 served as transcriptional repressors of MMP7 and as a result, Mmp7 was markedly overexpressed in the bladder epithelium of Asc-/- and Nlrp3-/- mice. The resulting IL-1β hyper-activation loop included a large number of IL-1β-dependent pro-inflammatory genes and the IL-1 receptor antagonist Anakinra inhibited their expression and rescued susceptible Asc-/- mice from bladder pathology. An MMP inhibitor had a similar therapeutic effect. Finally, elevated levels of IL-1β and MMP-7 were detected in patients with acute cystitis, suggesting a potential role as biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets. The results reproduce important aspects of human acute cystitis in the murine model and provide a comprehensive molecular framework for the pathogenesis and immunotherapy of acute cystitis, one of the most common infections in man. Infections continue to threaten human health as pathogenic organisms outsmart available therapies with remarkable genetic versatility. Fortunately, microbial versatility is matched by the flexibility of the host immune system which provide a rich source of novel therapeutic concepts. Emerging therapeutic solutions include substances that strengthen the immune system rather than killing the bacteria directly. Selectivity is a concern, however, as boosting of the antibacterial immune response may cause collateral tissue damage. This study addresses how the host response to urinary bladder infection causes acute cystitis and how this response can be attenuated in patients who suffer from this very common condition. We identify the cytokine Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) as a key immune response determinant in acute cystitis and successfully treat mice with severe acute cystitis by inhibiting IL-1β or the enzyme MMP-7 that processes IL-1β to its active form. Finally, we detect elevated levels of these molecules in urine samples from patients with cystitis, suggesting clinical relevance and a potential role of IL-1β and MMP-7 both as therapeutic targets and as biomarkers of infection. These findings provide a much needed, molecular framework for the pathogenesis and treatment of acute cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Ambite
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manoj Puthia
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karoly Nagy
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caterina Cafaro
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aftab Nadeem
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel S. C. Butler
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gustav Rydström
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nina A. Filenko
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Wullt
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Catharina Svanborg
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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22
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Waldhuber A, Puthia M, Wieser A, Cirl C, Dürr S, Neumann-Pfeifer S, Albrecht S, Römmler F, Müller T, Zheng Y, Schubert S, Groß O, Svanborg C, Miethke T. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain CFT073 disrupts NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2425-36. [PMID: 27214553 DOI: 10.1172/jci81916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful bacterial pathogens produce an array of virulence factors that allow subversion of the immune system and persistence within the host. For example, uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains, such as CFT073, express Toll/IL-1 receptor-containing (TIR-containing) protein C (TcpC), which impairs TLR signaling, thereby suppressing innate immunity in the urinary tract and enhancing persistence in the kidneys. Here, we have reported that TcpC also reduces secretion of IL-1β by directly interacting with the NACHT leucin-rich repeat PYD protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which is crucial for recognition of pathogens within the cytosol. At a low MOI, IL-1β secretion was minimal in CFT073-infected macrophages; however, IL-1β release was markedly increased in macrophages infected with CFT073 lacking tcpC. Induction of IL-1β secretion by CFT073 and tcpC-deficient CFT073 required the NLRP3 inflammasome. TcpC attenuated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by binding both NLRP3 and caspase-1 and thereby preventing processing and activation of caspase-1. Moreover, in a murine urinary tract infection model, CFT073 infection rapidly induced expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the bladder mucosa; however, the presence of TcpC in WT CFT073 reduced IL-1β levels in the urine of infected mice. Together, these findings illustrate how uropathogenic E. coli use the multifunctional virulence factor TcpC to attenuate innate immune responses in the urinary tract.
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23
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Boch T, Buchheidt D, Spiess B, Miethke T, Hofmann WK, Reinwald M. Direct comparison of galactomannan performance in concurrent serum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples in immunocompromised patients at risk for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Mycoses 2015; 59:80-5. [PMID: 26627577 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a life-threatening infection mainly affecting immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis is critical, but the diagnostic gold standard (histopathology and culture) is time consuming and cannot offer early confirmation of IPA. Fungal biomarkers like galactomannan (GM) are a promising extension to the diagnostic repertoire. However, it still remains under discussion if biomarker analysis from the site of the infection is superior to testing blood samples. We retrospectively evaluated the diagnostic performance of concurrent serum GM and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) GM (obtained within 24 h) of immunocompromised patients at high risk of IPA. Twenty-six proven/probable patients and eight patients with no IPA according to the EORTC/MSG 2008 criteria were included in this study. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic odds ratio were for BAL GM: 85%, 88%, 96%, 64% and 38.5, and for serum GM: 23%, 88%, 88%, 26% and 2.1 respectively. BAL GM proved to be significantly more sensitive for the detection of IPA compared to same-day serum GM in patients at high risk of IPA (P < 0.0001). Our data show that BAL GM testing is significantly superior to serum GM implying that diagnostic efforts should focus on specimens from the site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Boch
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mannheim University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dieter Buchheidt
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mannheim University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Birgit Spiess
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mannheim University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Mannheim University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mannheim University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mark Reinwald
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mannheim University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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24
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Burrer A, Findeisen P, Jäger E, Ghebremedhin B, Grundt A, Ahmad-Nejad P, Miethke T, Neumaier M. Rapid detection of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli by LC–MS. Int J Med Microbiol 2015; 305:860-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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25
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Römmler F, Hammel M, Waldhuber A, Müller T, Jurk M, Uhlmann E, Wagner H, Vollmer J, Miethke T. Guanine-modified inhibitory oligonucleotides efficiently impair TLR7- and TLR9-mediated immune responses of human immune cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116703. [PMID: 25695778 PMCID: PMC4335036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of TLR7 and TLR9 by endogenous RNA- or DNA-containing ligands, respectively, is thought to contribute to the complicated pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These ligands induce the release of type-I interferons by plasmacytoid dendritic cells and autoreactive antibodies by B-cells, both responses being key events in perpetuating SLE. We recently described the development of inhibitory oligonucleotides (INH-ODN), which are characterized by a phosphorothioate backbone, a CC(T)XXX3-5GGG motif and a chemical modification of the G-quartet to avoid the formation of higher order structures via intermolecular G-tetrads. These INH-ODNs were equally or significantly more efficient to impair TLR7- and TLR9-stimulated murine B-cells, macrophages, conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells than the parent INH-ODN 2088, which lacks G-modification. Here, we evaluate the inhibitory/therapeutic potential of our set of G-modified INH-ODN on human immune cells. We report the novel finding that G-modified INH-ODNs efficiently inhibited the release of IFN-α by PBMC stimulated either with the TLR7-ligand oligoribonucleotide (ORN) 22075 or the TLR9-ligand CpG-ODN 2216. G-modification of INH-ODNs significantly improved inhibition of IL-6 release by PBMCs and purified human B-cells stimulated with the TLR7-ligand imiquimod or the TLR9-ligand CpG-ODN 2006. Furthermore, inhibition of B-cell activation analyzed by expression of activation markers and intracellular ATP content was significantly improved by G-modification. As observed with murine B-cells, high concentrations of INH-ODN 2088 but not of G-modified INH-ODNs stimulated IL-6 secretion by PBMCs in the absence of TLR-ligands thus limiting its blocking efficacy. In summary, G-modification of INH-ODNs improved their ability to impair TLR7- and TLR9-mediated signaling in those human immune cells which are considered as crucial in the pathophysiology of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Römmler
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Hammel
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Waldhuber
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tina Müller
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Jurk
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | | | - Hermann Wagner
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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26
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Hildebrand D, Bode KA, Rieß D, Cerny D, Waldhuber A, Römmler F, Strack J, Korten S, Orth JHC, Miethke T, Heeg K, Kubatzky KF. Granzyme A produces bioactive IL-1β through a nonapoptotic inflammasome-independent pathway. Cell Rep 2014; 9:910-7. [PMID: 25437548 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial components are recognized by the immune system through activation of the inflammasome, eventually causing processing of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1? (IL-1?), a pleiotropic cytokine and one of the most important mediators of inflammation, through the protease caspase-1. Synthesis of the precursor protein and processing into its bioactive form are tightly regulated, given that disturbed control of IL-1? release can cause severe autoinflammatory diseases or contribute to cancer development. We show that the bacterial Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) triggers Il1b gene transcription in macrophages independently of Toll-like receptor signaling through RhoA/Rho-kinase-mediated NF-?? activation. Furthermore, PMT mediates signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein-controlled granzyme A (a serine protease) expression in macrophages. The exocytosed granzyme A enters target cells and mediates IL-1? maturation independently of caspase-1 and without inducing cytotoxicity. These findings show that macrophages can induce an IL-1?-initiated immune response independently of inflammasome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Hildebrand
- Department für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konrad A Bode
- Department für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Rieß
- Department für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Cerny
- Department für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Waldhuber
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 30, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Franziska Römmler
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 30, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Julia Strack
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simone Korten
- Labor Lademannbogen MVZ GmbH, Lademannbogen 61-63, 22339 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim H C Orth
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Klaus Heeg
- Department für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina F Kubatzky
- Department für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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27
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Través PG, Pimentel-Santillana M, Rico D, Rodriguez N, Miethke T, Castrillo A, Theodorakis EA, Martín-Sanz P, Palladino MA, Boscá L. Anti-inflammatory actions of acanthoic acid-related diterpenes involve activation of the PI3K p110γ/δ subunits and inhibition of NF-κB. Chem Biol 2014; 21:955-66. [PMID: 25065531 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of acanthoic acid analogs on the response to proinflammatory challenge was investigated. Some pimarane diterpenes are known activators of the LXRαβ nuclear receptors, but we show here that they also exert a rapid, potent, and selective activation of the p110γ and p110δ subunits of PI3K. Combination of these effects results in an important attenuation of the global transcriptional response to LPS in macrophages. PI3K/Akt activation leads to inhibition of the LPS-dependent stimulation of IKK/NF-κB and p38 and ERK MAPKs. Macrophages from LXRαβ-deficient mice exhibited an inhibition of these pathways similar to the corresponding wild-type cells. Silencing or inhibition of p110γ/δ suppressed the effect of these diterpenes (DTPs) on IKK/NF-κB and MAPKs signaling. Taken together, these data show a multitarget anti-inflammatory mechanism by these DTPs including a selective activation of PI3K isoenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paqui G Través
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM, Unidad Asociada Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pimentel-Santillana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM, Unidad Asociada Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rico
- Structural Biology and BioComputing Programme, National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodriguez
- Institut of Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institut of Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antonio Castrillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM, Unidad Asociada Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emmanuel A Theodorakis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM, Unidad Asociada Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael A Palladino
- Sierra Mesa Technologies, 3357 Fortuna Ranch Road, Encinitas, CA 92024, USA.
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM, Unidad Asociada Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Snyder G, Deredge D, Waldhuber A, Fresquez T, Smith P, Duerr S, Cirl C, Jiang J, Jennings W, Luchetti T, Snyder N, Sundberg E, Wintrode P, Miethke T, Xiao T. Development of microbial-derived inhibitory peptides using structural studies of microbial TIR proteins TcpB, TcpC and host adapters TIRAP and MyD88. (INM9P.449). The Journal of Immunology 2014. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.189.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Microbial pathogens have evolved mechanisms to regulate and evade innate immunity. One such mechanism involves the subversion of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling by bacterial TIR Interacting Proteins (TIPs). TIPs are thought to function by disruption of host Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) signaling proteins. For example, the TIP proteins TcpB from Brucella and TcpC from E. coli inhibit TLR signaling through direct interaction with host adapter proteins TIRAP and MyD88. We have previously reported the crystal structure of MyD88 and characterized TcpC peptides capable to inhibit TLR4 and MyD88 signaling. We now report the X-ray crystal structure of the Brucella TIR protein TcpB and characterize its interactions with TIRAP using hydrogen/ deuterium (H/D) exchange mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation and NF-ΚB reporter assays. The crystal structure of TcpB reveals the BB loop microtubule-binding site as well as a symmetrical dimer involving the DD and EE loops. The dimer interface is further characterized through H/D exchange mass spectrometry, which identifies a set of candidate potential TcpB blocking peptides. A comparison between the microbial TcpB, TIRAP and MyD88 crystal structures reveal differences in the region that encompasses the BB loop. These findings lend insight into the molecular mechanisms of microbial mimicry of host signaling adapter proteins and provide a framework for identification and development of novel microbial-derived therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Snyder
- 1Institute of Human Virology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine., University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
- 2Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel Deredge
- 3Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anna Waldhuber
- 4Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Theresa Fresquez
- 2Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Patrick Smith
- 2Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Suri Duerr
- 4Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christine Cirl
- 4Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jiansheng Jiang
- 2Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - William Jennings
- 2Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Timothy Luchetti
- 2Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nathaniel Snyder
- 2Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Eric Sundberg
- 1Institute of Human Virology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine., University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Patrick Wintrode
- 3Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thomas Miethke
- 4Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tsan Xiao
- 2Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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29
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Snyder GA, Deredge D, Waldhuber A, Fresquez T, Wilkins DZ, Smith PT, Durr S, Cirl C, Jiang J, Jennings W, Luchetti T, Snyder N, Sundberg EJ, Wintrode P, Miethke T, Xiao TS. Crystal structures of the Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains from the Brucella protein TcpB and host adaptor TIRAP reveal mechanisms of molecular mimicry. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:669-79. [PMID: 24275656 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.523407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domains are crucial innate immune signaling modules. Microbial TIR domain-containing proteins inhibit Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling through molecular mimicry. The TIR domain-containing protein TcpB from Brucella inhibits TLR signaling through interaction with host adaptor proteins TIRAP/Mal and MyD88. To characterize the microbial mimicry of host proteins, we have determined the X-ray crystal structures of the TIR domains from the Brucella protein TcpB and the host adaptor protein TIRAP. We have further characterized homotypic interactions of TcpB using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and heterotypic TcpB and TIRAP interaction by co-immunoprecipitation and NF-κB reporter assays. The crystal structure of the TcpB TIR domain reveals the microtubule-binding site encompassing the BB loop as well as a symmetrical dimer mediated by the DD and EE loops. This dimerization interface is validated by peptide mapping through hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. The human TIRAP TIR domain crystal structure reveals a unique N-terminal TIR domain fold containing a disulfide bond formed by Cys(89) and Cys(134). A comparison between the TcpB and TIRAP crystal structures reveals substantial conformational differences in the region that encompasses the BB loop. These findings underscore the similarities and differences in the molecular features found in the microbial and host TIR domains, which suggests mechanisms of bacterial mimicry of host signaling adaptor proteins, such as TIRAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Snyder
- From the Laboratory of Immunology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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30
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Römmler F, Jurk M, Uhlmann E, Hammel M, Waldhuber A, Pfeiffer L, Wagner H, Vollmer J, Miethke T. Guanine modification of inhibitory oligonucleotides potentiates their suppressive function. J Immunol 2013; 191:3240-53. [PMID: 23966630 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory TLR7 and/or TLR9 oligonucleotides (inhibitory oligonucleotide [INH-ODN]) are characterized by a phosphorothioate backbone and a CC(T)XXX₃₋₅GGG motif, respectively. INH-ODN 2088 is a prototypic member of this class of INH-ODN and acts as a TLR7 and TLR9 antagonist. It contains a G quadruple that leads to higher order structures by the formation of G tetrads. These structures are unfavorable for the prediction of their pharmacological and immunological behavior. We show in this study that modification of Gs within the G quadruple by 7-deaza-guanine or 7-deaza-2'-O-methyl-guanine avoids higher order structures and improves their inhibitory potential. Whereas TLR9-induced TNF-α secretion of bone marrow-derived macrophages and conventional dendritic cells was equally inhibited by INH-ODN 2088 and G-modified INH-ODNs such as INH-ODN 24888, TLR7-induced TNF-α release and TLR7- and TLR9-induced IL-12p40 release were significantly more impaired by G-modified INH-ODNs. Similarly, the IL-6 release of B cells from wild-type and autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice was more efficiently impaired by G-modified INH-ODNs. Surprisingly, INH-ODN 2088 stimulated B cells to proliferate when used in higher doses. Finally, in vivo, in wild-type and autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice, G-modified INH-ODN 24888 was significantly more efficient than unmodified INH-ODN 2088. In summary, G modification allows the development of INH-ODNs with superior inhibitory potency for inflammatory diseases with high medical need such as systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Römmler
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie, und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Prodinger PM, Pilge H, Banke IJ, Bürklein D, Gradinger R, Miethke T, Holzapfel BM. Acute osteomyelitis of the humerus mimicking malignancy: Streptococcus pneumoniae as exceptional pathogen in an immunocompetent adult. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:266. [PMID: 23738890 PMCID: PMC3679722 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic osteomyelitis due to direct bone trauma or vascular insufficiency is a frequent problem in orthopaedic surgery. In contrast, acute haematogenous osteomyelitis represents a rare entity that almost exclusively affects prepubescent children or immunodeficient adults. Case Presentation In this article, we report the case of acute pneumococcal osteomyelitis of the humerus in an immunocompetent and otherwise healthy 44-year-old male patient presenting with minor inflammation signs and misleading clinical features. Conclusions The diagnosis had to be confirmed by open biopsy which allowed the initiation of a targeted therapy. A case of pneumococcal osteomyelitis of a long bone, lacking predisposing factors or trauma, is unique in adults and has not been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Prodinger
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Sports Orthopaedics, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany.
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Wantia N, Rodriguez N, Cirl C, Ertl T, Dürr S, Layland LE, Wagner H, Miethke T. Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 regulate the frequency of IFNγ-producing CD4+ T-cells during pulmonary infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26101. [PMID: 22096480 PMCID: PMC3212512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TLR2 and TLR4 are crucial for recognition of Chlamydia pneumoniae in vivo, since infected TLR2/4 double-deficient mice are unable to control the infection as evidenced by severe loss of body weight and progressive lethal pneumonia. Unexpectedly, these mice display higher pulmonary levels of the protective cytokine IFNγ than wild type mice. We show here, that antigen-specific CD4+ T-cells are responsible for the observed IFNγ-secretion in vivo and their frequency is higher in TLR2/4 double-deficient than in wild type mice. The capacity of TLR2/4 double-deficient dendritic cells to re-stimulate CD4+ T-cells did not differ from wild type dendritic cells. However, the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T-cells was considerably higher in wild type compared to TLR2/4 double-deficient mice and was inversely related to the number of IFNγ-secreting CD4+ effector T-cells. Despite increased IFNγ-levels, at least one IFNγ-mediated response, protective NO-secretion, could not be induced in the absence of TLR2 and 4. In summary, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells fail to expand in the absence of TLR2 and TLR4 during pulmonary infection with C. pneumoniae, which in turn enhances the frequency of CD4+IFNγ+ effector T-cells. Failure of IFNγ to induce NO in TLR2/4 double-deficient cells represents one possible mechanism why TLR2/4 double-deficient mice are unable to control pneumonia caused by C. pneumoniae and succumb to the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wantia
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nuria Rodriguez
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Cirl
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Ertl
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Dürr
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura E. Layland
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hermann Wagner
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Mackern Oberti JP, Breser ML, Nuñez N, Maccioni M, Rodríguez N, Wantia N, Ertl T, Miethke T, Rivero VE. Chemokine response induced by Chlamydia trachomatis in prostate derived CD45+ and CD45- cells. Reproduction 2011; 142:427-37. [PMID: 21730112 DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The role of innate cells and their receptors within the male genital tract remains poorly understood. Much less is known about the relative contribution of different genital tract cells such as epithelial/stromal cells and resident leucocytes. In this study, we examined innate immune responses to Chlamydia trachomatis by prostate epithelial/stromal cells and prostate resident leucocytes. Murine prostate primary cultures were performed and leucocyte and epithelial/stromal cells were sorted based on surface protein expression of CD45 by magnetism-activated cell sorting or fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Prostate derived CD45- and CD45+ cells were infected with C. trachomatis and chemokine secretion assayed by ELISA. Similar experiments were performed using prostate CD45+ and CD45- cells from myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88(-/-)) mice or toll-like receptor (Tlr2(-/-)) and Tlr4(mutant) double-deficient mice. Moreover, a TLR-signalling pathway array was used to screen changes in different genes involved in TLR-signalling pathways by real-time PCR. Prostate derived CD45- and CD45+ cells responded to chlamydial infection with the production of different chemokines. Both populations expressed genes involved in TLR signalling and required to respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns and to C. trachomatis infection. Both populations required the adaptor molecule MYD88 to elicit chemokine response against C. trachomatis. TLR2-TLR4 was essential for chemokine production by CD45+ prostate derived cells, but in their absence, CD45- cells still produced significant levels of chemokines. We demonstrate that C. trachomatis is differentially recognised by prostate derived CD45+ and CD45- cells and suggest that diverse strategies are taking place in the local microenvironment of the host in response to the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Mackern Oberti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esquina Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
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Miethke T. [Increasing therapeutic challenges through multi-resistant bacteria in the hospital]. Zentralbl Chir 2011; 137:279-83. [PMID: 21360428 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1271348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-resistant bacteria endanger with increasing frequency the successful outcome of antibiotic therapy, which represents the presumably most successful discovery of medicine. Due to a worldwide misuse of antibiotics and combined with a lacking awareness of hospital hygiene, multi-resistant bacteria spread with a worrisome pace within the clinic. These bacteria also spread globally via modern transportation systems. Today bacteria are present in hospitals, which are sensitive to a rather limited number of antibiotics or even -worse are pan-resistant. The growing threat of multi-resistant bacteria is further increased by the fact that the pipeline of the pharmaceutical industry for new antibiotics is more or less empty. Furthermore, economical pressure will increase the workload for hospital employees and by that support the spread of -multi-resistant bacteria. In addition, patients will be more susceptible to infections since on the one hand they are on average of older age and on the other hand treated with more aggressive surgical or immuno-suppressive regimens. CONCLUSION This threatening but realistic future scenario can only be avoided by a combination of measures: absolute justified application of antibiotics, a consequent use of standard hygiene, -isolation of contaminated or infected patients and sufficient employees and their education in the prevention of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miethke
- Technische Universität München, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, München, Deutschland.
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Mackern-Oberti JP, Maccioni M, Breser ML, Eley A, Miethke T, Rivero VE. Innate immunity in the male genital tract: Chlamydia trachomatis induces keratinocyte-derived chemokine production in prostate, seminal vesicle and epididymis/vas deferens primary cultures. J Med Microbiol 2010; 60:307-316. [PMID: 21109628 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.024877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular pathogen that infects mucosal epithelial cells, causing persistent infections. Although chronic inflammation is a hallmark of chlamydial disease, the proinflammatory mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Little is known about how innate immunity in the male genital tract (MGT) responds to C. trachomatis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of receptors of the innate immunity that recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) present in bacteria, viruses, yeasts and parasites. The study of TLR expression in the MGT has been poorly investigated. The aim of this work was to investigate the keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) response of MGT primary cultures from C57BL/6 mice to C. trachomatis and different PAMPs. KC production by prostate, seminal vesicle and epididymis/vas deferens cell cultures was determined by ELISA in culture supernatants. TLR2, 3, 4 and 9 agonists induced the production of KC by all MGT primary cultures assayed. In addition, we analysed the host response against C. trachomatis and Chlamydia muridarum. Chlamydial LPS (cLPS) as well as C. trachomatis and C. muridarum infection induced KC secretion by all MGT cell cultures analysed. Differences in KC levels were observed between cultures, suggesting specific sensitivity against pathogens among MGT tissues. Chemokine secretion was observed after stimulation of seminal vesicle cells with TLR agonists, cLPS and C. trachomatis. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing KC production by seminal vesicle cells after stimulation with TLR ligands, C. trachomatis or C. muridarum antigens. These results indicate that different receptors of the innate immunity are present in the MGT. Understanding specific immune responses, both innate and adaptive, against chlamydial infections, mounted in each tissue of the MGT, will be crucial to design new therapeutic approaches where innate and/or adaptive immunity would be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Maccioni
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Laura Breser
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adrian Eley
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Medical Research, Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstr. 30, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Virginia E Rivero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
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Yadav M, Zhang J, Fischer H, Huang W, Lutay N, Cirl C, Lum J, Miethke T, Svanborg C. Inhibition of TIR domain signaling by TcpC: MyD88-dependent and independent effects on Escherichia coli virulence. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1001120. [PMID: 20886104 PMCID: PMC2944809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor signaling requires functional Toll/interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor (TIR) domains to activate innate immunity. By producing TIR homologous proteins, microbes inhibit host response induction and improve their own survival. The TIR homologous protein TcpC was recently identified as a virulence factor in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli), suppressing innate immunity by binding to MyD88. This study examined how the host MyD88 genotype modifies the in vivo effects of TcpC and whether additional, TIR-domain containing proteins might be targeted by TcpC. In wild type mice (wt), TcpC enhanced bacterial virulence, increased acute mortality, bacterial persistence and tissue damage after infection with E. coli CFT073 (TcpC+), compared to a ΔTcpC deletion mutant. These effects were attenuated in Myd88(-/-) and Tlr4(-/-) mice. Transcriptomic analysis confirmed that TcpC inhibits MYD88 dependent gene expression in CFT073 infected human uroepithelial cells but in addition the inhibitory effect included targets in the TRIF and IL-6/IL-1 signaling pathways, where MYD88 dependent and independent signaling may converge. The effects of TcpC on bacterial persistence were attenuated in Trif (-/-) or Il-1β (-/-) mice and innate immune responses to ΔTcpC were increased, confirming that Trif and Il-1β dependent targets might be involved in vivo, in addition to Myd88. Furthermore, soluble TcpC inhibited Myd88 and Trif dependent TLR signaling in murine macrophages. Our results suggest that TcpC may promote UTI-associated pathology broadly, through inhibition of TIR domain signaling and downstream pathways. Dysregulation of the host response by microbial TcpC thus appears to impair the protective effects of innate immunity, while promoting inflammation and tissue damage.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/physiology
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Epithelial Cells/immunology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/microbiology
- Escherichia coli/pathogenicity
- Escherichia coli Infections/immunology
- Escherichia coli Infections/metabolism
- Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology
- Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics
- Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Interleukin-1beta/physiology
- Kidney Neoplasms/immunology
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/microbiology
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/microbiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/physiology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/physiology
- Toll-Like Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Toll-Like Receptors/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism
- Virulence/genetics
- Virulence Factors/genetics
- Virulence Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology (MIG), Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institutes, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hans Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology (MIG), Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Wen Huang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institutes, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nataliya Lutay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology (MIG), Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Christine Cirl
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Josephine Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institutes, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Catharina Svanborg
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology (MIG), Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institutes, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Rodriguez N, Dietrich H, Mossbrugger I, Weintz G, Scheller J, Hammer M, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Rose-John S, Miethke T, Lang R. Increased inflammation and impaired resistance to Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection in Dusp1(-/-) mice: critical role of IL-6. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 88:579-87. [PMID: 20483921 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0210083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The MAPK phosphatase DUSP1 is an essential negative regulator of TLR-triggered innate immune activation. Here, we have investigated the impact of DUSP1 on inflammatory and antimicrobial host responses to the intracellular pathogen Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Following nasal infection, DUSP1-deficient mice mounted an enhanced pulmonary cytokine (IL-1beta, IL-6) and chemokine response (CCL3, CCL4, CXCL1, CXCL2), leading to increased leukocyte infiltration. Of interest, the increased inflammatory response, in the absence of DUSP1, was associated with higher bacterial numbers in the lungs, although the expression of IFN-gamma and critical antichlamydial effector molecules, such as iNOS, was intact. Blockade of IL-6 trans-signaling by injection of a soluble gp130-Fc fusion protein corrected the overshooting chemokine production as well as the increased chlamydial load in Dusp1(-/-) mice. Furthermore, IL-6 enhanced the replication of C. pneumoniae in embryonic fibroblasts in vitro. These data show that DUSP1 is required to achieve a balanced response to chlamydial infection and identify IL-6 as critical for amplifying inflammation and benefiting chlamydial growth through direct effects on infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Rodriguez
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Germany
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Snyder G, Jiang J, Chen K, Fresquez T, Smith P, Snyder N, Luchetti T, Cirl C, Miethke T, Tjandra N, Xiao T. Structural studies of Toll like receptor signaling adaptors. (136.45). The Journal of Immunology 2010. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.136.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Signaling downstream of the Toll like receptors (TLRs) involves Toll-IL-1R homology (TIR) domains as well as recruitment of critical signaling adaptors MyD88 and TIRAP/Mal. Studies in human patients, dominant negative mutants and knockout mice have shown that mutations in Arg196, the BB loop, DD loop, “Poc” site Ile179 are critical for MyD88 TIR domain signaling and appropriate responses to pathogen stimuli. We previously reported the structure of MyD88 TIR domain that showed a unique conformation for its BB loop, as well as a crystallographic lattice that reveals interactions between the BB-DD and BB-EE loops. We now report additional crystal forms which retain BB-DD and BB-EE interactions as well as extend the resolution to 1.4 Å. A yeast two-hybrid analysis of the domain interface residues observed from the crystal structure lattice shows that key residues including the human Arg196Cys mutation are critically important for homotypic TIR domain binding. Additionally, we report NMR solution studies showing binding between MyD88 and bacterial TIR domain protein TcpC, which has been demonstrated to negatively regulate MyD88-dependent TLR adaptor signaling. Finally, we report the X-ray structure of a second critical TIR adaptor protein, TIRAP/Mal. We observe key residues and loops important for TIRAP/Mal adaptor function. Structural insights from these studies may aid our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which TLRs and TIR domain adaptors interact and signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Snyder
- 1Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jiansheng Jiang
- 1Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kang Chen
- 3Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Theresa Fresquez
- 1Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Patrick Smith
- 1Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nathaniel Snyder
- 1Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Timothy Luchetti
- 1Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christine Cirl
- 2Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- 2Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Nico Tjandra
- 3Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tsan Xiao
- 1Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Peschel G, Kernschmidt L, Cirl C, Wantia N, Ertl T, Dürr S, Wagner H, Miethke T, Rodríguez N. Chlamydophila pneumoniae downregulates MHC-class II expression by two cell type-specific mechanisms. Mol Microbiol 2010; 76:648-61. [PMID: 20233301 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydophila pneumoniae was shown to prevent IFN gamma-inducible upregulation of MHC-class II molecules by secreting chlamydial protease-like activity factor (CPAF) into the cytosol of those host cells which support the complete bacterial replication cycle. CPAF acts by degrading upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF-1). However, in cells like bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM), which restrict chlamydial replication, we show that CPAF expression is barely detectable and the expression of USF-1 is induced upon infection with C. pneumoniae. Nevertheless, the infection still reduced base line and prevented IFN gamma-inducible MHC-class II expression. Similar results were obtained with heat-inactivated C. pneumoniae. In contrast, reduction of MHC-class II molecules was not observed in MyD88-deficient BMM. Reduction of IFN gamma-inducible MHC-class II expression by C. pneumoniae in BMM was mediated in part by the MAP-kinase p38. Infection of murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) with C. pneumoniae, which allow chlamydial replication, induced the expression of CPAF and decreased USF-1 and MHC-class II expression. Treatment of these cells with heat-inactivated C. pneumoniae reduced USF-1 and MHC-class II expression to a much lower extent. In summary, C. pneumoniae downregulates MHC-class II expression by two cell type-specific mechanisms which are either CPAF-independent and MyD88-dependent like in BMM or CPAF-dependent like in MEFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Peschel
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstr. 30, 81675 München, Germany
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Pautke C, Kolk A, Brokate M, Wehrstedt JC, Kneissl F, Miethke T, Steinhauser E, Horch HH, Deppe H. Development of novel implant abutments using the shape memory alloy nitinol: preliminary results. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2009; 24:477-483. [PMID: 19587870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The development of gap-free abutments is a challenging problem, because the gap between the implant and the abutment, which is a consequence of current manufacturing limitations, can serve as a reservoir for pathogens. This may lead to peri-implantitis, a major cause of implant failure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design and fabricate a gap-free abutment using a shape memory alloy with improved ability to prevent microleakage at the implant-abutment gap. MATERIALS AND METHODS The abutment was designed using the shape memory alloy nitinol and based on mathematical calculations considering the temperature-related, reversible changes to its crystalline alloy structure. The abutment prototypes were tested for their susceptibility to microbes in vitro, under static and dynamic conditions, by contaminating the abutments before assembly using a bacterial solution. Microbacterial tests were performed after cultivation of the implants for 1 week. The results were tested for statistically significant differences using the chi-square test. RESULTS The mathematical calculations met the clinical requirements using a contact pressure of 2 3 108 Nm2 with a preload of 1.9 kN on cooled abutments. After recooling, the contact pressure was 1.3 Nm2, allowing for easy disassembly. Microbacterial analysis revealed no penetration of Escherichia coli under static conditions either in the control group or in the prototypes. Under dynamic conditions, however, the prototypes showed significantly reduced bacterial leakage compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here demonstrate that dental implants fabricated with gap-free abutments using a shape memory alloy showed significantly reduced bacterial leakage versus conventional implants. This improvement could minimize clinical problems such as peri-implantitis and consequently enhance the long-term success of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Pautke
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany
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Huth KC, Quirling M, Maier S, Kamereck K, Alkhayer M, Paschos E, Welsch U, Miethke T, Brand K, Hickel R. Effectiveness of ozone against endodontopathogenic microorganisms in a root canal biofilm model. Int Endod J 2009; 42:3-13. [PMID: 19125975 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01460.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the antimicrobial efficacy of aqueous (1.25-20 microg mL(-1)) and gaseous ozone (1-53 g m(-3)) as an alternative antiseptic against endodontic pathogens in suspension and a biofilm model. METHODOLOGY Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, Peptostreptococcus micros and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were grown in planctonic culture or in mono-species biofilms in root canals for 3 weeks. Cultures were exposed to ozone, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl; 5.25%, 2.25%), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX; 2%), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2); 3%) and phosphate buffered saline (control) for 1 min and the remaining colony forming units counted. Ozone gas was applied to the biofilms in two experimental settings, resembling canal areas either difficult (setting 1) or easy (setting 2) to reach. Time-course experiments up to 10 min were included. To compare the tested samples, data were analysed by one-way anova. RESULTS Concentrations of gaseous ozone down to 1 g m(-3) almost and aqueous ozone down to 5 microg mL(-1) completely eliminated the suspended microorganisms as did NaOCl and CHX. Hydrogen peroxide and lower aqueous ozone concentrations were less effective. Aqueous and gaseous ozone were dose- and strain-dependently effective against the biofilm microorganisms. Total elimination was achieved by high-concentrated ozone gas (setting 2) and by NaOCl after 1 min or a lower gas concentration (4 g m(-3)) after at least 2.5 min. High-concentrated aqueous ozone (20 microg mL(-1)) and CHX almost completely eliminated the biofilm cells, whilst H(2)O(2) was less effective. CONCLUSION High-concentrated gaseous and aqueous ozone was dose-, strain- and time-dependently effective against the tested microorganisms in suspension and the biofilm test model.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Huth
- Department of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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Gollwitzer H, Mittelmeier W, Brendle M, Weber P, Miethke T, Hofmann GO, Gerdesmeyer L, Schauwecker J, Diehl P. High hydrostatic pressure for disinfection of bone grafts and biomaterials: an experimental study. Open Orthop J 2009; 3:1-7. [PMID: 19516918 PMCID: PMC2687106 DOI: 10.2174/1874325000903010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoclaving, heat, irradiation or chemical detergents are used to disinfect autografts, allografts and biomaterials for tissue reconstruction. These methods are often associated with deterioration of mechanical, physical, and biological properties of the bone grafts and synthetic implants. High hydrostatic pressure has been proposed as a novel method preserving biomechanical and biological properties of bone, tendon and cartilage. This is the first study to assess the inactivation of clinically relevant bacteria on biomaterials and human bone by high hydrostatic pressure. METHODS Bacterial suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecium, implants covered with infected blood, human bone infected in vitro, and biopsies of patients with chronic osteomyelitis were subjected to different protocols of high hydrostatic pressure up to 600 MPa. Bacterial survival after high hydrostatic pressure treatment was determined and compared with bacterial growth in untreated controls. RESULTS S. aureus and P. aeruginosa in suspension were completely inactivated by high hydrostatic pressure (> 5log levels), whereas E. faecium showed barotolerance up to 600 MPa. Blood and adherence to metal implants did not significantly alter inactivation of bacteria, and complete disinfection was achieved with barotolerant bacteria (S. aureus and P. aeruginosa). However, osteoarthritic bone demonstrated a non-homogeneous baroprotective effect, with single bone samples resistant to treatment resulting in unaltered bacterial growth, and complete disinfection of artificially infected bone specimens was achieved in 66% for S. aureus, 60% for P. aeruginosa and 0% for E. faecium. Human bone samples of patients with chronic osteomyelitis could be completely disinfected in 2 of 37 cases. CONCLUSION High hydrostatic pressure offers new perspectives for disinfection of sensitive biomaterials and bone grafts, and contamination by blood did not significantly affect bacterial inactivation rates. However, a significant baroprotective effect was demonstrated in bone. Effectiveness is currently limited to colonization and / or infection with barosensitive micro-organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Gollwitzer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Wolfram Mittelmeier
- Orthopädische Klinik, Universität Rostock, Doberaner Str. 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Monika Brendle
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Patrick Weber
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 München, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Großhadern Medical Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Gunther O Hofmann
- Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken "Bergmannstrost", Merseburger Str. 165, 06116 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ludger Gerdesmeyer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Johannes Schauwecker
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Peter Diehl
- Orthopädische Klinik, Universität Rostock, Doberaner Str. 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Schurr C, Burghartz M, Miethke T, Kesting M, Hoang N, Staudenmaier R. Management of facial necrotizing fasciitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2008; 266:325-31. [PMID: 19043730 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-008-0870-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing fasciitis is a progressive, life-threatening, bacterial infection of the skin, the subcutaneous tissue and the underlying fascia, in most cases caused by ss-hemolytic group A streptococcus. Only early diagnosis and aggressive therapy including broad spectrum antibiotics and surgical intervention can avoid systemic toxicity with a high mortality rate. This uncommon disease generally occurs in the lower extremities and trunk, and only rarely affects the head and neck region. When located in the face necrotizing fasciitis is associated with severe cosmetic and functional restrictions due to the invasive infection and often to the necessary surgical treatment. Generally surgical intervention cannot be performed in the face as aggressively as in the extremities and trunk, since a lot of vital structures are found in a relatively small area. In the following article, we present the successful diagnostic and therapeutic management of an isolated facial necrotizing fasciitis as a consequence of a nasal bone fracture with a minor dermal cut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schurr
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Rodriguez N, Lang R, Wantia N, Cirl C, Ertl T, Dürr S, Wagner H, Miethke T. Induction of iNOS by Chlamydophila pneumoniae requires MyD88-dependent activation of JNK. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 84:1585-93. [PMID: 18799752 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0508304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells produce NO via inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in response to certain infections or upon stimulation with cytokines such as IFN-gamma and TNF. NO plays an important role in host defense against intracellular bacteria including Chlamydophila pneumoniae as a result of its microbicidal activity. In MyD88-deficient mice, which succumb to C. pneumoniae infection, iNOS induction is impaired 6 days postinfection, although pulmonary levels of IFN-gamma and TNF are elevated as in wild-type mice at this time-point. Here, we demonstrate that induction of iNOS in macrophages upon C. pneumoniae infection is controlled by MyD88 via two pathways: NF-kappaB activation and phosphorylation of the MAPK JNK, which leads to the nuclear translocation of c-Jun, one of the two components of the AP-1 complex. In addition, phosphorylation of STAT1 and expression of IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) were delayed in the absence of MyD88 after C. pneumoniae infection but not after IFN-gamma stimulation. Taken together, our data show that for optimal induction of iNOS during C. pneumoniae infection, the concerted action of the MyD88-dependent transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1 and of the MyD88-independent transcription factors phosphorylated STAT1 and IRF-1 is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Rodriguez
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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Weber P, Diehl P, Hofmann GO, Miethke T, Schmitt-Sody M, Mittelmeier W, Gradinger R, Gollwitzer H. [Extracorporeal high hydrostatic pressure as a new technology for the disinfection of infected bone specimens]]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 53:190-8. [PMID: 18643715 DOI: 10.1515/bmt.2008.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allogeneic bone transplantation is at risk of infection, and established disinfection methods typically compromise bone quality. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is well established for disinfection in food technology, and also it does protect biomechanical and biological properties of bone. This study is the first investigation of HHP regarding disinfection of bone biopsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone biopsies of 34 patients with chronic infections were subjected to HHP and assessed for persisting bacterial growth. In series 1, bone biopsies were proceeded directly to HHP (10 min; maximal pressure Pmax 600 MPa). In series 2, HHP was applied after 5-day incubation in growth media (10 min or 2x30 min; Pmax 600 MPa). Furthermore, HHP-induced changes of bacterial morphology on artificially infected bone samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS For series 1, 71% of the bone samples were sterilised by HHP (n=17), compared to 38% of the untreated control samples, which were obtained during the same surgery (n=8). For series 2, after prior incubation, HHP disinfected 7% of the bone specimens (n=55), all control samples showed bacterial growth (n=33). Destruction of cell wall integrity of Gram-negative strains was observed by SEM. CONCLUSION The effectiveness of HHP for bone disinfection should be improved by optimising treatment parameters. Infections with barosensitive Gram-negative bacteria or yeast might represent possible clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Weber
- Orthopädische Klinik und Poliklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Klinikum Grosshadern, München, Deutschland.
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Cirl C, Wieser A, Yadav M, Duerr S, Schubert S, Fischer H, Stappert D, Wantia N, Rodriguez N, Wagner H, Svanborg C, Miethke T. Subversion of Toll-like receptor signaling by a unique family of bacterial Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing proteins. Nat Med 2008; 14:399-406. [PMID: 18327267 DOI: 10.1038/nm1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic microbes have evolved sophisticated molecular strategies to subvert host defenses. Here we show that virulent bacteria interfere directly with Toll-like receptor (TLR) function by secreting inhibitory homologs of the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. Genes encoding TIR domain containing-proteins (Tcps) were identified in Escherichia coli CFT073 (TcpC) and Brucella melitensis (TcpB). We found that TcpC is common in the most virulent uropathogenic E. coli strains and promotes bacterial survival and kidney pathology in vivo. In silico analysis predicted significant tertiary structure homology to the TIR domain of human TLR1, and we show that the Tcps impede TLR signaling through the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) adaptor protein, owing to direct binding of Tcps to MyD88. Tcps represent a new class of virulence factors that act by inhibiting TLR- and MyD88-specific signaling, thus suppressing innate immunity and increasing virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Cirl
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstrasse 30, D-81675 München, Germany
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Rodríguez N, Mages J, Dietrich H, Wantia N, Wagner H, Lang R, Miethke T. MyD88-dependent changes in the pulmonary transcriptome after infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae. Physiol Genomics 2007; 30:134-45. [PMID: 17374847 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00011.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae, an intracellular bacterium, causes pneumonia in humans and mice. Toll-like receptors and the key adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88) play a critical role in inducing immunity against this microorganism and are crucial for survival. To explore the influence of MyD88 on induction of immune responses in vivo on a genome-wide level, wildtype (WT) or MyD88(-/-) mice were infected with C. pneumoniae on anesthesia, and the pulmonary transcriptome was analyzed 3 days later by microarrays. We found that the infection caused pulmonary cellular infiltration in WT but not MyD88(-/-) mice. Furthermore, it induced the transcription of 360 genes and repressed 18 genes in WT mice. Of these, 221 genes were not or weakly induced in lungs of MyD88(-/-) mice. This cluster contains primarily genes encoding for chemokines and cytokines like MIP-1alpha, MIP-2, MIP-1gamma, MCP-1, TNF, and KC and other immune effector molecules like immunoresponsive gene-1 and TLR2. Arginase was highly induced after C. pneumoniae infection and was MyD88 dependent. Genes induced by interferons were abundant in a cluster of 102 genes that were only partially MyD88 dependent. Also, lcn2 (lipocalin-2) and timp1 were represented within this cluster. Interestingly, a set of 37 genes including sprr1a was induced more strongly in MyD88(-/-) mice, and most of them are involved in the regulation of cellular replication. In summary, ex vivo analysis of the pulmonary transcriptome on infection with C. pneumoniae demonstrated a major impact of MyD88 on inflammatory responses but not on interferon-type responses and identified MyD88-independent genes involved in cellular replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Rodríguez
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Jovanic B, Jobst B, Schmidt C, Miethke T. P907 Rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by real-time PCR from clinical specimens. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)70748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Deppe H, Horch HH, Schrödl V, Haczek C, Miethke T. Effect of 308-nm excimer laser light on peri-implantitis-associated bacteria: an in vitro investigation. Lasers Med Sci 2007; 22:223-7. [PMID: 17318664 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-007-0441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dental implants are becoming increasingly important in prosthodontic rehabilitation. Bacterial infections, however, can induce bone loss and jeopardize clinical success. Recent literature has demonstrated that infrared CO(2) laser light is suitable for the decontamination of exposed implant surfaces. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of 308-nm excimer laser irradiation on peri-implantitis-associated bacteria in vitro. In this study, a XeCl excimer laser (308 nm) was used (Summit Technology, Boston, USA). Both aerobe (Streptococcus mutans, S. sanguis, Actinomyces naeslundii) and anaerobe microorganisms (A. odontolyticus, Prevotella melaninogenica) were tested. According to previous studies, a constant energy of 0.8 J/cm(2) and a constant frequency of 20 Hz were used for all irradiations. Colony-forming units after laser irradiation were counted. Excimer laser irradiation showed significant influence on the growth of all microorganisms. As compared to S. mutans and S. sanguis, A. naeslundii demonstrated higher sensitivity to laser irradiation. Anaerobe microorganisms, in contrast, demonstrated that a total of 200 pulses were sufficient to reduce the replication of these germs for more than 99.9%. Excimer laser irradiation (lambda = 308 nm) can significantly reduce both aerobe and anaerobe microorganisms. Depending on the parameters chosen, 200 pulses are sufficient for sterilization. New studies are necessary to evaluate if this wavelength is more of value in the treatment of peri-implantitis than other wavelengths or conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Deppe
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Strasse 22, D-81675, München, Germany.
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