1
|
Li Y, Dong J, Qin JJ. Small molecule inhibitors targeting heat shock protein 90: An updated review. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116562. [PMID: 38865742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
As a molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) plays important roles in the folding, stabilization, activation, and degradation of over 500 client proteins, and is extensively involved in cell signaling, proliferation, and survival. Thus, it has emerged as an important target in a variety of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections. Therefore, targeted inhibition of HSP90 provides a valuable and promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HSP90-related diseases. This review aims to systematically summarize the progress of research on HSP90 inhibitors in the last five years, focusing on their structural features, design strategies, and biological activities. It will refer to the natural products and their derivatives (including novobiocin derivatives, deguelin derivatives, quinone derivatives, and terpenoid derivatives), and to synthetic small molecules (including resorcinol derivatives, pyrazoles derivatives, triazole derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, benzamide derivatives, benzothiazole derivatives, and benzofuran derivatives). In addition, the major HSP90 small-molecule inhibitors that have moved into clinical trials to date are also presented here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Li
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jinyun Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guarra F, Sciva C, Bonollo G, Pasala C, Chiosis G, Moroni E, Colombo G. Cracking the chaperone code through the computational microscope. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:626-640. [PMID: 39142378 PMCID: PMC11399801 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The heat shock protein 90 kDa (Hsp90) chaperone machinery plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Beyond its traditional role in protein folding, Hsp90 is integral to key pathways influencing cellular function in health and disease. Hsp90 operates through the modular assembly of large multiprotein complexes, with their composition, stability, and localization adapting to the cell's needs. Its functional dynamics are finely tuned by ligand binding and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Here, we discuss how to disentangle the intricacies of the complex code that governs the crosstalk between dynamics, binding, PTMs, and the functions of the Hsp90 machinery using computer-based approaches. Specifically, we outline the contributions of computational and theoretical methods to the understanding of Hsp90 functions, ranging from providing atomic-level insights into its dynamics to clarifying the mechanisms of interactions with protein clients, cochaperones, and ligands. The knowledge generated in this framework can be actionable for the design and development of chemical tools and drugs targeting Hsp90 in specific disease-associated cellular contexts. Finally, we provide our perspective on how computation can be integrated into the study of the fine-tuning of functions in the highly complex Hsp90 landscape, complementing experimental methods for a comprehensive understanding of this important chaperone system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chiranjeevi Pasala
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elisabetta Moroni
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies (SCITEC) - Italian National Research Council (CNR), Milano, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu M, Wu Z, Li W, Xue L. Gp93 inhibits unfolded protein response-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and cell invasion. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31294. [PMID: 38922869 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, Hsp90B1 serves as a vital chaperonin, facilitating the accurate folding of proteins. Interestingly, Hsp90B1 exhibits contrasting roles in the development of various types of cancers, although the underlying reasons for this duality remain enigmatic. Through the utilization of the Drosophila model, this study unveils the functional significance of Gp93, the Drosophila ortholog of Hsp90B1, which hitherto had limited reported developmental functions. Employing the Drosophila cell invasion model, we elucidated the pivotal role of Gp93 in regulating cell invasion and modulating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Furthermore, our investigation highlights the involvement of the unfolded protein response-associated IRE1/XBP1 pathway in governing Gp93 depletion-induced, JNK-dependent cell invasion. Collectively, these findings not only uncover a novel molecular function of Gp93 in Drosophila, but also underscore a significant consideration pertaining to the testing of Hsp90B1 inhibitors in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihan Wu
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou L, Velegraki M, Wang Y, Mandula JK, Chang Y, Liu W, Song NJ, Kwon H, Xiao T, Bolyard C, Hong F, Xin G, Ma Q, Rubinstein MP, Wen H, Li Z. Spatial and functional targeting of intratumoral Tregs reverses CD8+ T cell exhaustion and promotes cancer immunotherapy. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e180080. [PMID: 38787791 PMCID: PMC11245154 DOI: 10.1172/jci180080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral Tregs are key mediators of cancer immunotherapy resistance, including anti-programmed cell death (ligand) 1 [anti-PD-(L)1] immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). The mechanisms driving Treg infiltration into the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the consequence on CD8+ T cell exhaustion remain elusive. Here, we report that heat shock protein gp96 (also known as GRP94) was indispensable for Treg tumor infiltration, primarily through the roles of gp96 in chaperoning integrins. Among various gp96-dependent integrins, we found that only LFA-1 (αL integrin), and not αV, CD103 (αE), or β7 integrin, was required for Treg tumor homing. Loss of Treg infiltration into the TME by genetic deletion of gp96/LFA-1 potently induced rejection of tumors in multiple ICB-resistant murine cancer models in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner, without loss of self-tolerance. Moreover, gp96 deletion impeded Treg activation primarily by suppressing IL-2/STAT5 signaling, which also contributed to tumor regression. By competing for intratumoral IL-2, Tregs prevented the activation of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, drove thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein (TOX) induction, and induced bona fide CD8+ T cell exhaustion. By contrast, Treg ablation led to striking CD8+ T cell activation without TOX induction, demonstrating clear uncoupling of the 2 processes. Our study reveals that the gp96/LFA-1 axis plays a fundamental role in Treg biology and suggests that Treg-specific gp96/LFA-1 targeting represents a valuable strategy for cancer immunotherapy without inflicting autoinflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology (PIIO), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC), Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Maria Velegraki
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology (PIIO), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC), Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology (PIIO), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC), Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - J K Mandula
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology (PIIO), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC), Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yuzhou Chang
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology (PIIO), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC), Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology (PIIO), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC), Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - No-Joon Song
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology (PIIO), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC), Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Kwon
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology (PIIO), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC), Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA
| | - Tong Xiao
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology (PIIO), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC), Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chelsea Bolyard
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology (PIIO), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC), Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Feng Hong
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology (PIIO), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC), Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, USA
| | - Gang Xin
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology (PIIO), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC), Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology (PIIO), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC), Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics
| | - Mark P. Rubinstein
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology (PIIO), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC), Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, USA
| | - Haitao Wen
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology (PIIO), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC), Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology (PIIO), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC), Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Amankwah YS, Fleifil Y, Unruh E, Collins P, Wang Y, Vitou K, Bates A, Obaseki I, Sugoor M, Alao JP, McCarrick RM, Gewirth DT, Sahu ID, Li Z, Lorigan GA, Kravats AN. Structural transitions modulate the chaperone activities of Grp94. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309326121. [PMID: 38483986 PMCID: PMC10962938 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309326121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hsp90s are ATP-dependent chaperones that collaborate with co-chaperones and Hsp70s to remodel client proteins. Grp94 is the ER Hsp90 homolog essential for folding multiple secretory and membrane proteins. Grp94 interacts with the ER Hsp70, BiP, although the collaboration of the ER chaperones in protein remodeling is not well understood. Grp94 undergoes large-scale conformational changes that are coupled to chaperone activity. Within Grp94, a region called the pre-N domain suppresses ATP hydrolysis and conformational transitions to the active chaperone conformation. In this work, we combined in vivo and in vitro functional assays and structural studies to characterize the chaperone mechanism of Grp94. We show that Grp94 directly collaborates with the BiP chaperone system to fold clients. Grp94's pre-N domain is not necessary for Grp94-client interactions. The folding of some Grp94 clients does not require direct interactions between Grp94 and BiP in vivo, suggesting that the canonical collaboration may not be a general chaperone mechanism for Grp94. The BiP co-chaperone DnaJB11 promotes the interaction between Grp94 and BiP, relieving the pre-N domain suppression of Grp94's ATP hydrolysis activity. In structural studies, we find that ATP binding by Grp94 alters the ATP lid conformation, while BiP binding stabilizes a partially closed Grp94 intermediate. Together, BiP and ATP push Grp94 into the active closed conformation for client folding. We also find that nucleotide binding reduces Grp94's affinity for clients, which is important for productive client folding. Alteration of client affinity by nucleotide binding may be a conserved chaperone mechanism for a subset of ER chaperones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaa S. Amankwah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH45056
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
| | - Yasmeen Fleifil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH45056
| | - Erin Unruh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH45056
- Cell, Molecular, and Structural Biology Graduate Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH45056
| | - Preston Collins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH45056
| | - Yi Wang
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
| | - Katherine Vitou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH45056
| | - Alison Bates
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH45056
| | - Ikponwmosa Obaseki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH45056
| | - Meghana Sugoor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH45056
| | - John Paul Alao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH45056
| | | | | | - Indra D. Sahu
- Natural Sciences Division, Campbellsville University, Campbellsville, KY42718
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
| | - Gary. A. Lorigan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH45056
- Cell, Molecular, and Structural Biology Graduate Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH45056
| | - Andrea N. Kravats
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH45056
- Cell, Molecular, and Structural Biology Graduate Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH45056
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mattoo S, Gupta A, Chauhan M, Agrawal A, Pore SK. Prospects and challenges of noncoding-RNA-mediated inhibition of heat shock protein 90 for cancer therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2024; 1867:195006. [PMID: 38218528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2024.195006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) is a potential drug target for cancer therapy as it is often dysregulated in several cancers, including lung, breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. In cancer, HSP90 fails to maintain the structural and functional integrity of its several client proteins which are involved in the hallmarks of cancer such as cell proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Several small molecule inhibitors of HSP90 have been shown to exhibit anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo animal models. However, a few of them are currently under clinical studies. The status and potential limitations of these inhibitors are discussed here. Studies demonstrate that several noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate HSP90 and its client proteins to modulate cellular processes to exhibit oncogenic or tumor suppressing properties. Over the last decade, miRNAs and lncRNAs have drawn significant interest from the scientific community as therapeutic agents or targets for clinical applications. Here, we discuss the detailed mechanistic regulation of HSP90 and its client proteins by ncRNAs. Moreover, we highlight the significance of these ncRNAs as potential therapeutic agents/targets, and the challenges associated with ncRNA-based therapies. This article aims to provide a holistic view on HSP90-regulating ncRNAs for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shria Mattoo
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201311, India
| | - Abha Gupta
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201311, India
| | - Manvee Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201311, India
| | - Akshi Agrawal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201311, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Pore
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201311, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pasala C, Sharma S, Roychowdhury T, Moroni E, Colombo G, Chiosis G. N-Glycosylation as a Modulator of Protein Conformation and Assembly in Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:282. [PMID: 38540703 PMCID: PMC10968129 DOI: 10.3390/biom14030282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation, a prevalent post-translational modification, plays a pivotal role in regulating intricate cellular processes by covalently attaching glycans to macromolecules. Dysregulated glycosylation is linked to a spectrum of diseases, encompassing cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, congenital disorders, infections, and inflammation. This review delves into the intricate interplay between glycosylation and protein conformation, with a specific focus on the profound impact of N-glycans on the selection of distinct protein conformations characterized by distinct interactomes-namely, protein assemblies-under normal and pathological conditions across various diseases. We begin by examining the spike protein of the SARS virus, illustrating how N-glycans regulate the infectivity of pathogenic agents. Subsequently, we utilize the prion protein and the chaperone glucose-regulated protein 94 as examples, exploring instances where N-glycosylation transforms physiological protein structures into disease-associated forms. Unraveling these connections provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic avenues and a deeper comprehension of the molecular intricacies that underlie disease conditions. This exploration of glycosylation's influence on protein conformation effectively bridges the gap between the glycome and disease, offering a comprehensive perspective on the therapeutic implications of targeting conformational mutants and their pathologic assemblies in various diseases. The goal is to unravel the nuances of these post-translational modifications, shedding light on how they contribute to the intricate interplay between protein conformation, assembly, and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjeevi Pasala
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.P.); (S.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.P.); (S.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Tanaya Roychowdhury
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.P.); (S.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Elisabetta Moroni
- The Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies (SCITEC), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 20131 Milano, Italy; (E.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- The Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies (SCITEC), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 20131 Milano, Italy; (E.M.); (G.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.P.); (S.S.); (T.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jia J, Zhu L, Yue X, Tang S, Jing S, Tan C, Du Y, Gao J, Lee I, Qian Y. Crosstalk between KDEL receptor and EGF receptor mediates cell proliferation and migration via STAT3 signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:140. [PMID: 38378560 PMCID: PMC10880305 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hostile microenvironment of cancer cells provoke a stressful condition for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and stimulate the expression and secretion of ER chaperones, leading to tumorigenic effects. However, the molecular mechanism underlying these effects is largely unknown. In this study, we reveal that the last four residues of ER chaperones, which are recognized by KDEL receptor (KDELR), is required for cell proliferation and migration induced by secreted chaperones. By combining proximity-based mass spectrometry analysis, split venus imaging and membrane yeast two hybrid assay, we present that EGF receptor (EGFR) may be a co-receptor for KDELR on the surface. Prior to ligand addition, KDELR spontaneously oligomerizes and constantly undergoes recycling near the plasma membrane. Upon KDEL ligand binding, the interactions of KDELR with itself and with EGFR increase rapidly, leading to augmented internalization of KDELR and tyrosine phosphorylation in the C-terminus of EGFR. STAT3, which binds the phosphorylated tyrosine motif on EGFR, is subsequently activated by EGFR and mediates cell growth and migration. Taken together, our results suggest that KDELR serves as a bona fide cell surface receptor for secreted ER chaperones and transactivates EGFR-STAT3 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jia
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianhui Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Xihua Yue
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuocheng Tang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaiyang Jing
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
- Present address: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanting Tan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulei Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingkai Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Intaek Lee
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Qian
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu Y, Li X, Cheng F, Zhao B, Fang M, Li Z, Meng S. Heat shock protein gp96 drives natural killer cell maturation and anti-tumor immunity by counteracting Trim28 to stabilize Eomes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1106. [PMID: 38321029 PMCID: PMC10847424 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The maturation process of natural killer (NK) cells, which is regulated by multiple transcription factors, determines their functionality, but few checkpoints specifically targeting this process have been thoroughly studied. Here we show that NK-specific deficiency of glucose-regulated protein 94 (gp96) leads to decreased maturation of NK cells in mice. These gp96-deficient NK cells exhibit undermined activation, cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production upon stimulation, as well as weakened responses to IL-15 for NK cell maturation, in vitro. In vivo, NK-specific gp96-deficient mice show increased tumor growth. Mechanistically, we identify Eomes as the downstream transcription factor, with gp96 binding to Trim28 to prevent Trim28-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of Eomes. Our study thus suggests the gp96-Trim28-Eomes axis to be an important regulator for NK cell maturation and cancer surveillance in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.
| | - Fang Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bao Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, China
| | - Min Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Zihai Li
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Songdong Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun S, Zhu R, Zhu M, Wang Q, Li N, Yang B. Visualization of conformational transition of GRP94 in solution. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302051. [PMID: 37949474 PMCID: PMC10638095 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
GRP94, an ER paralog of the heat-shock protein 90 family, binds and hydrolyses ATP to chaperone the folding and maturation of its selected clients. Compared with other hsp90 proteins, the in-solution conformational dynamics of GRP94 along the ATP hydrolysis cycle are less understood, hindering our understanding of its chaperoning mechanism. Leveraging small-angle X-ray scattering, negative-staining EM, and hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled mass-spec, here we show that in its apo form, ∼60% of mouse GRP94 (mGRP94) populates an "extended" conformation, whereas the rest exist in either "close V" or "twist V" like "compact" conformations. Different from other hsp90 proteins, the presence of AMPPNP only impacts the relative abundance of the two compact conformations, rather than shifting the equilibrium between the "extended" and "compact" conformations of mGRP94. HDX-MS study of apo, AMPPNP-bound, and ADP-bound mGRP94 suggests a conformational transition from "twist V" to "close V" upon ATP binding and a back transition from "close V" to "twist V" upon ATP hydrolysis. These results illustrate the dissimilarities of GRP94 in conformation transition during ATP hydrolysis from other hsp90 paralogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shangwu Sun
- https://ror.org/030bhh786 Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- https://ror.org/030bhh786 Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyao Zhu
- https://ror.org/030bhh786 Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- https://ror.org/030bhh786 Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (Zhangjiang Laboratory), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Yang
- https://ror.org/030bhh786 Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- https://ror.org/030bhh786 Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Biomacromolecules and Precision Medicine, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qian L, Liang Z, Wang Z, Wang J, Li X, Zhao J, Li Z, Chen L, Liu Y, Ju Y, Li C, Meng S. Cellular gp96 upregulates AFP expression by blocking NR5A2 SUMOylation and ubiquitination in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 15:mjad027. [PMID: 37204028 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most widely used biomarker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, a substantial proportion of HCC patients have either normal or marginally increased AFP levels in serum, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, we provided in vitro and in vivo evidence that heat shock protein gp96 promoted AFP expression at the transcriptional level in HCC. NR5A2 was identified as a key transcription factor for the AFP gene, and its stability was enhanced by gp96. A further mechanistic study by co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down, and molecular docking showed gp96 and the SUMO E3 ligase RanBP2 competitively binding to NR5A2 at the sites spanning from aa 507 to aa 539. The binding of gp96 inhibited SUMOylation, ubiquitination, and subsequent degradation of NR5A2. In addition, clinical analysis of HCC patients indicated that gp96 expression in tumors was positively correlated with serum AFP levels. Therefore, our study uncovered a novel mechanism that gp96 regulates the stability of its client proteins by directly affecting their SUMOylation and ubiquitination. These findings will help in designing more accurate AFP-based HCC diagnosis and progression monitoring approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhentao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiuru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingmin Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lizhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Ju
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Changfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Songdong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Feldman TP, Ryan Y, Egan ES. Plasmodium falciparum infection of human erythroblasts induces transcriptional changes associated with dyserythropoiesis. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5496-5509. [PMID: 37493969 PMCID: PMC10515311 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During development down the erythroid lineage, hematopoietic stem cells undergo dramatic changes to cellular morphology and function in response to a complex and tightly regulated program of gene expression. In malaria infection, Plasmodium spp parasites accumulate in the bone marrow parenchyma, and emerging evidence suggests erythroblastic islands are a protective site for parasite development into gametocytes. Although it has been observed that Plasmodium falciparum infection in late-stage erythroblasts can delay terminal erythroid differentiation and enucleation, the mechanism(s) underlying this phenomenon are unknown. Here, we apply RNA sequencing after fluorescence-activated cell sorting of infected erythroblasts to identify transcriptional responses to direct and indirect interaction with P falciparum. Four developmental stages of erythroid cells were analyzed: proerythroblast, basophilic erythroblast, polychromatic erythroblast, and orthochromatic erythroblast. We found extensive transcriptional changes in infected erythroblasts compared with that in uninfected cells in the same culture, including dysregulation of genes involved in erythroid proliferation and developmental processes. Although some indicators of cellular oxidative and proteotoxic stress were common across all stages of erythropoiesis, many responses were specific to cellular processes associated with developmental stage. Together, our results evidence multiple possible avenues by which parasite infection can induce dyserythropoiesis at specific points along the erythroid continuum, advancing our understanding of the molecular determinants of malaria anemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar P. Feldman
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Yana Ryan
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Elizabeth S. Egan
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mazurakova A, Solarova Z, Koklesova L, Caprnda M, Prosecky R, Khakymov A, Baranenko D, Kubatka P, Mirossay L, Kruzliak P, Solar P. Heat shock proteins in cancer - Known but always being rediscovered: Their perspectives in cancer immunotherapy. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:464-473. [PMID: 37926002 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) represent cellular chaperones that are classified into several families, including HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90. The role of HSPs in the cell includes the facilitation of protein folding and maintaining protein structure. Both processes play crucial roles during stress conditions in the cell such as heat shock, degradation, and hypoxia. Moreover, HSPs are important modulators of cellular proliferation and differentiation, and are strongly associated with the molecular orchestration of carcinogenesis. The expression and/or activity of HSPs in cancer cells is generally abnormally high and is associated with increased metastatic potential and activity of cancer stem cells, more pronounced angiogenesis, downregulated apoptosis, and the resistance to anticancer therapy in many patients. Based on the mentioned reasons, HSPs have strong potential as valid diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in clinical oncology. In addition, numerous papers describe the role of HSPs as chaperones in the regulation of immune responses inside and outside the cell. Importantly, highly expressed/activated HSPs may be inhibited via immunotherapeutic targets in various types of cancers. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship between HSPs and the tumor cell with the intention of highlighting the potential use of HSPs in personalized cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Mazurakova
- Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Solarova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Robert Prosecky
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Artur Khakymov
- International Research Centre "Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium", Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Denis Baranenko
- International Research Centre "Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium", Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Mirossay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Peter Solar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Castelli M, Yan P, Rodina A, Digwal CS, Panchal P, Chiosis G, Moroni E, Colombo G. How aberrant N-glycosylation can alter protein functionality and ligand binding: An atomistic view. Structure 2023; 31:987-1004.e8. [PMID: 37343552 PMCID: PMC10526633 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Protein-assembly defects due to an enrichment of aberrant conformational protein variants are emerging as a new frontier in therapeutics design. Understanding the structural elements that rewire the conformational dynamics of proteins and pathologically perturb functionally oriented ensembles is important for inhibitor development. Chaperones are hub proteins for the assembly of multiprotein complexes and an enrichment of aberrant conformers can affect the cellular proteome, and in turn, phenotypes. Here, we integrate computational and experimental tools to investigte how N-glycosylation of specific residues in glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) modulates internal dynamics and alters the conformational fitness of regions fundamental for the interaction with ATP and synthetic ligands and impacts substructures important for the recognition of interacting proteins. N-glycosylation plays an active role in modulating the energy landscape of GRP94, and we provide support for leveraging the knowledge on distinct glycosylation variants to design molecules targeting GRP94 disease-associated conformational states and assemblies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Castelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pengrong Yan
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna Rodina
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chander S Digwal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Palak Panchal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | | | - Giorgio Colombo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Que NLS, Seidler PM, Aw WJ, Chiosis G, Gewirth DT. Selective inhibition of hsp90 paralogs: Structure and binding studies uncover the role of helix 1 in Grp94-selective ligand binding. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.31.551342. [PMID: 37577523 PMCID: PMC10418071 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Grp94 is the endoplasmic reticulum paralog of the hsp90 family of chaperones, which have been targeted for therapeutic intervention via their highly conserved ATP binding sites. The design of paralog-selective inhibitors relies on understanding the structural elements that mediate each paralog's response to inhibitor binding. Here, we determined the structures of Grp94 and Hsp90 in complex with the Grp94-selective inhibitor PU-H36, and of Grp94 with the non-selective inhibitor PU-H71. In Grp94, the 8-aryl moiety of PU-H36 is inserted into Site 2, a conditionally available side pocket, but in Hsp90 it occupies Site 1, a non-selective side pocket that is accessible in all hsp90 paralogs. The structure of Grp94 in complex with the non-selective PU-H71 shows only Site 1 binding. Large conformational shifts involving helices 1, 4 and 5 of the N-terminal domain of Grp94 are associated with the engagement of the Site 2 pocket for ligand binding. To understand the origins of Site 2 pocket engagement, we tested the binding of Grp94-selective ligands to chimeric Grp94/Hsp90 constructs. These studies show that helix 1 of the Grp94 N-terminal domain is the discriminating element that allows for remodeling of the ATP binding pocket and exposure of the Site 2 selective pocket.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul M. Seidler
- Hauptman Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Wen J. Aw
- Hauptman Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Daniel T. Gewirth
- Hauptman Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY 14203
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The chaperone system (CS) of an organism is composed of molecular chaperones, chaperone co-factors, co-chaperones, and chaperone receptors and interactors. It is present throughout the body but with distinctive features for each cell and tissue type. Previous studies pertaining to the CS of the salivary glands have determined the quantitative and distribution patterns for several members, the chaperones, in normal and diseased glands, focusing on tumors. Chaperones are cytoprotective, but can also be etiopathogenic agents causing diseases, the chaperonopathies. Some chaperones such as Hsp90 potentiate tumor growth, proliferation, and metastasization. Quantitative data available on this chaperone in salivary gland tissue with inflammation, and benign and malignant tumors suggest that assessing tissue Hsp90 levels and distribution patterns is useful for differential diagnosis-prognostication, and patient follow up. This, in turn, will reveal clues for developing specific treatment centered on the chaperone, for instance by inhibiting its pro-carcinogenic functions (negative chaperonotherapy). Here, we review data on the carcinogenic mechanisms of Hsp90 and their inhibitors. Hsp90 is the master regulator of the PI3K-Akt-NF-kB axis that promotes tumor cell proliferation and metastasization. We discuss pathways and interactions involving these molecular complexes in tumorigenesis and review Hsp90 inhibitors that have been tested in search of an efficacious anti-cancer agent. This targeted therapy deserves extensive investigation in view of its theoretical potential and some positive practical results and considering the need of novel treatments for tumors of the salivary glands as well as other tissues.
Collapse
|
17
|
Feng H, Guo Z, Chen X, Liu K, Li H, Jia W, Wang C, Luo F, Ji X, Zhang T, Zhao R, Cheng X. Excessive HSP70/TLR2 activation leads to remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment to resist chemotherapy sensitivity of mFOLFOX in colorectal cancer. Clin Immunol 2022; 245:109157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
18
|
Wang Y, Zhu H, Wang X. Prognosis and immune infiltration analysis of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:965100. [PMID: 36186448 PMCID: PMC9520708 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.965100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Abnormal activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensors and their downstream signalling pathways is a key regulator of tumour growth, tumour metastasis and the response to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. However, the study of ER stress on the immune microenvironment of bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is still insufficient. Methods: Firstly, 23 ER stress genes were selected to analyse their expression differences and prognostic value in BLCA based on the existing BLCA genome atlas data. According to the expression level of ER stress-related genes in BLCA, two independent clusters were identified using consensus cluster analysis. Subsequently, the correlation between these two clusters in terms of the immune microenvironment and their prognostic value was analysed. Finally, we analysed the prognostic value of the key ER stress gene HSP90B1 in BLCA and its corresponding mechanism that affects the immune microenvironment. Results: Consensus clustering showed a worse prognosis and higher expression of immunoassay site-related genes (HAVCR2, PDCD1, CTLA4, CD274, LAG3, TIGIT and PDCD1LG2) in cluster 1 compared with cluster 2. Additionally, both TIMER and CIBERSORT algorithms showed that the expression of immune infiltrating cells in cluster 1 was significantly higher than that in cluster 2. Subsequently, HSP90B1 was identified as a key ER stress gene in BLCA, and its high expression indicated poor prognosis and was closely related to PD1. We also analysed the correlation between HSP90B1 expression and immune-infiltrating cell related biomarkers, which showed positive results. Finally, we verified the prognostic value of HSP90B1 in BLCA using an immunohistochemical assay in a tissue microarray of 100 patients with BLCA, validating the potential of HSP90B1 as a prognostic biomarker in patients with BLCA. Conclusion: Our work reveals that ER stress genes play a crucial role in the BLCA immunological milieu, and HSP90B1 is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Wang
- Department of Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haixia Zhu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolin Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Namachivayam A, Murali R, Prabakaran DS, Ganesan R, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Ramanathan G, Doss C. GP, Gopalakrishnan AV. Role of Immune Cells and Receptors in Cancer Treatment: An Immunotherapeutic Approach. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1493. [PMID: 36146572 PMCID: PMC9502517 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy moderates the immune system's ability to fight cancer. Due to its extreme complexity, scientists are working to put together all the puzzle pieces to get a clearer picture of the immune system. Shreds of available evidence show the connection between cancer and the immune system. Immune responses to tumors and lymphoid malignancies are influenced by B cells, γδT cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells (DCs). Cancer immunotherapy, which encompasses adoptive cancer therapy, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), immune checkpoint therapy, and CART cells, has revolutionized contemporary cancer treatment. This article reviews recent developments in immune cell regulation and cancer immunotherapy. Various options are available to treat many diseases, particularly cancer, due to the progress in various immunotherapies, such as monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, vaccinations (both preventative and curative), cellular immunotherapies, and cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunraj Namachivayam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Reshma Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D. S. Prabakaran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Srivilliputhur Main Road, Sivakasi 626124, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - George Priya Doss C.
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hu C, Yang J, Qi Z, Wu H, Wang B, Zou F, Mei H, Liu J, Wang W, Liu Q. Heat shock proteins: Biological functions, pathological roles, and therapeutic opportunities. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e161. [PMID: 35928554 PMCID: PMC9345296 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock proteins (HSPs) are ubiquitous and conserved protein families in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, and they maintain cellular proteostasis and protect cells from stresses. HSP protein families are classified based on their molecular weights, mainly including large HSPs, HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP40, and small HSPs. They function as molecular chaperons in cells and work as an integrated network, participating in the folding of newly synthesized polypeptides, refolding metastable proteins, protein complex assembly, dissociating protein aggregate dissociation, and the degradation of misfolded proteins. In addition to their chaperone functions, they also play important roles in cell signaling transduction, cell cycle, and apoptosis regulation. Therefore, malfunction of HSPs is related with many diseases, including cancers, neurodegeneration, and other diseases. In this review, we describe the current understandings about the molecular mechanisms of the major HSP families including HSP90/HSP70/HSP60/HSP110 and small HSPs, how the HSPs keep the protein proteostasis and response to stresses, and we also discuss their roles in diseases and the recent exploration of HSP related therapy and diagnosis to modulate diseases. These research advances offer new prospects of HSPs as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Ziping Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Hong Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Beilei Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Fengming Zou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Husheng Mei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and TechnologyInstitute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
- Precision Medicine Research Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Amankwah YS, Collins P, Fleifil Y, Unruh E, Ruiz Márquez KJ, Vitou K, Kravats AN. Grp94 works upstream of BiP in protein remodeling under heat stress. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167762. [PMID: 35905823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Hsp90 and Hsp70 are highly conserved molecular chaperones that promote the proper folding and activation of substrate proteins that are often referred to as clients. The two chaperones functionally collaborate to fold specific clients in an ATP-dependent manner. In eukaryotic cytosol, initial client folding is done by Hsp70 and its co-chaperones, followed by a direct transfer of client refolding intermediates to Hsp90 for final client processing. However, the mechanistic details of collaboration of organelle specific Hsp70 and Hsp90 are lacking. This work investigates the collaboration of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Hsp70 and Hsp90, BiP and Grp94 respectively, in protein remodeling using in vitro refolding assays. We show that under milder denaturation conditions, BiP collaborates with its co-chaperones to refold misfolded proteins in an ATP-dependent manner. Grp94 does not play a major role in this refolding reaction. However, under stronger denaturation conditions that favor aggregation, Grp94 works in an ATP-independent manner to bind and hold misfolded clients in a folding competent state for subsequent remodeling by the BiP system. We also show that the collaboration of Grp94 and BiP is not simply a reversal of the eukaryotic refolding mechanism since a direct interaction of Grp94 and BiP is not required for client transfer. Instead, ATP binding but not hydrolysis by Grp94 facilitates the release of the bound client, which is then picked up by the BiP system for subsequent refolding in a Grp94-independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaa S Amankwah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Preston Collins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Yasmeen Fleifil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Erin Unruh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | | | - Katherine Vitou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Andrea N Kravats
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Izadpanah A, Delirezh N, Mahmodlou R. Ex vivo Optimization of Glucose-Regulated Protein 94/Glycoprotein 96 Expressions in Mammospheres; Implication for Breast Cancer Immunotherapy. CELL JOURNAL 2022; 24:261-266. [PMID: 35717566 PMCID: PMC9445520 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.7908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The induction of immunity against cancer stem cells (CSCs) can boost the efficiency of cancer vaccines. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are required for the successful activation of anti-tumor immune responses. Glycoprotein 96 (gp96) is a well-known HSP that promotes the cross-presentation of tumor antigens. The aim of the present study was to optimize the temperature for induction of gp96 in grade 3 breast cancer spheres. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the experimental study, CSCs were enriched from breast tumor tissue samples and cultured in DMEM-F12 with epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), B27, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 22 days. The expression level of CD24 and CD44 as CSC markers was measured by flow cytometry in secondary mammospheres, and the expression of NANOG, SOX2, and OCT4 genes in CSCs was also analyzed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To find the optimal temperature regulation of gp96, the mammosphere was incubated at different temperatures for 1 hour, and gp96 expression was measured using the western blotting assay. RESULTS Primary mammospheres were obtained after seven days of culture, and secondary spheres formed 22 days after passage. Flow cytometry analysis showed that cells with CD24- CD44+ phenotype were enriched in the culture period (from 2.6% on day 1 to 32.6% on day 22). Real-time PCR indicated that OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 expression in mammospheres were increased by 3.8 ± 0.6, 17.8 ± 0.6, and 7.7 ± 0.8 fold respectively in comparison to the MCF-7 cell line. Western blot analysis showed that gp96 production was significantly upregulated when mammospheres were incubated at both 42°C and 43°C in comparison to the control group. CONCLUSION Altogether, we found that heat-induced upregulated expression of gp96 in CSCs enriched mammospheres from breast tumor tissue might be used as a complementary procedure to generate more immunogenic antigens in immunotherapy settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Izadpanah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran,Department of Stem cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and
Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nowruz Delirezh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran,P.O.Box: 165Department of MicrobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran
| | - Rahim Mahmodlou
- Department of Surgery, Emam Khomeini General Hospital, Urmia, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fang J, Tong Y, Ji O, Wei S, Chen Z, Song A, Li P, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Ruan H, Ding F, Liu Y. Glycoprotein 96 in Peritoneal Dialysis Effluent-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Tool for Evaluating Peritoneal Transport Properties and Inflammatory Status. Front Immunol 2022; 13:824278. [PMID: 35222405 PMCID: PMC8866190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.824278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE), containing molecules such as proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs), may be potential biological markers to monitor peritoneal function or injury. Peritoneal inflammation is an important determinant of peritoneal solute transport rate (PSTR). Thus, the aim of this study is to determine whether the specific proteins capable of evaluating the PSTR could be found in PDE-EVs, and explore the underlying mechanism for the association between PSTR and peritoneal inflammation. Methods Sixty patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) were divided into two groups: high/high average transport (H/A) group (PET >0.65) and low/low average transport (L/A) group (PET <0.65). EVs derived from PDE (PDE-EVs) were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Proteomic analysis was performed to explore the differentially expressed proteins and identify the potential biomarkers in PDE-EVs from the two groups, and we focused on glycoprotein 96 (GP96) as it could be involved in the inflammatory process. The expression of GP96 in PDE-EVs and inflammatory cytokines was quantified by real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils into the peritoneum was detected using immunohistochemistry in a PD rat model. Results The expression of PDE-EVs-GP96 was significantly higher in the H/A group, and was positively correlated with the PSTR and the level of the inflammatory factor interleukin (IL)-6. GP96-enriched EVs enhanced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-8 in macrophages, which was reversed by a pharmacological GP96-specific inhibitor (PU-WS13). The GP96 inhibitor also reduced local peritoneal inflammation by decreasing the infiltration of inflammatory cells and levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and chemokines (CCL2, CXCL1, and CXCL2) in a PD rat model. Conclusions PDE-EVs-GP96 is a new promising tool to evaluate the status of peritoneal inflammation and PSTR, and the mechanism may be related to affecting the inflammatory properties of macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Fang
- Division of Nephrology and Unit of Critical Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Tong
- Division of Nephrology and Unit of Critical Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ouyang Ji
- Division of Nephrology and Unit of Critical Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Wei
- Division of Nephrology and Unit of Critical Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Division of Nephrology and Unit of Critical Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ahui Song
- Division of Nephrology and Unit of Critical Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pu Li
- Division of Nephrology and Unit of Critical Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Hongqiang Ruan
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Division of Nephrology and Unit of Critical Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Liu
- Division of Nephrology and Unit of Critical Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fornasiero F, Scapin C, Vitadello M, Pizzo P, Gorza L. Active nNOS Is Required for Grp94-Induced Antioxidant Cytoprotection: A Lesson from Myogenic to Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062915. [PMID: 35328344 PMCID: PMC8954037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone Grp94/gp96 appears to be involved in cytoprotection without being required for cell survival. This study compared the effects of Grp94 protein levels on Ca2+ homeostasis, antioxidant cytoprotection and protein–protein interactions between two widely studied cell lines, the myogenic C2C12 and the epithelial HeLa, and two breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and HS578T. In myogenic cells, but not in HeLa, Grp94 overexpression exerted cytoprotection by reducing ER Ca2+ storage, due to an inhibitory effect on SERCA2. In C2C12 cells, but not in HeLa, Grp94 co-immunoprecipitated with non-client proteins, such as nNOS, SERCA2 and PMCA, which co-fractionated by sucrose gradient centrifugation in a distinct, medium density, ER vesicular compartment. Active nNOS was also required for Grp94-induced cytoprotection, since its inhibition by L-NNA disrupted the co-immunoprecipitation and co-fractionation of Grp94 with nNOS and SERCA2, and increased apoptosis. Comparably, only the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, which showed Grp94 co-immunoprecipitation with nNOS, SERCA2 and PMCA, increased oxidant-induced apoptosis after nNOS inhibition or Grp94 silencing. These results identify the Grp94-driven multiprotein complex, including active nNOS as mechanistically involved in antioxidant cytoprotection by means of nNOS activity and improved Ca2+ homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Fornasiero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.F.); (C.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Cristina Scapin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.F.); (C.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Maurizio Vitadello
- CNR-Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.F.); (C.S.); (P.P.)
- CNR-Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Luisa Gorza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.F.); (C.S.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xu S, Guo A, Chen NN, Dai W, Yang HA, Xie W, Wang M, You QD, Xu XL. Design and synthesis of Grp94 selective inhibitors based on Phe199 induced fit mechanism and their anti-inflammatory effects. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113604. [PMID: 34174740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 94 (Grp94), a member of the Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) family, is implicated in many human diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. Here, we describe our effort to design and develop a new series of Grp94 inhibitors based on Phe199 induced fit mechanism. Using an alkynyl-containing inhibitor as a starting point, we developed compound 4, which showed potent inhibitory activity toward Grp94 in a fluorescence polarization-based assay. With improved physicochemical properties and suitable pharmacokinetic properties, compound 4 was advanced into in vivo bioactivity evaluation. In a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of ulcerative colitis (UC), compound 4 showed anti-inflammatory property and reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). Together, these findings provide evidence that this approach may be promising for further Grp94 drug development efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Anping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Nan-Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Huan-Aoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenqin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qi-Dong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hoter A, Naim HY. The glucose-regulated protein GRP94 interacts avidly in the endoplasmic reticulum with sucrase-isomaltase isoforms that are associated with congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:237-243. [PMID: 34242650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The glucose-regulated protein GRP94 is a molecular chaperone that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we demonstrate in pull down experiments an interaction between GRP94 and sucrase-isomaltase (SI), the most prominent disaccharidase of the small intestine. GRP94 binds to SI exclusively via its mannose-rich form compatible with an interaction occurring in the ER. We have also examined the interaction GRP94 to a panel of SI mutants that are associated with congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (CSID). These mutants exhibited more efficient binding to GRP94 than wild type SI underlining a specific role of this chaperone in the quality control in the ER. In view of the hypoxic milieu of the intestine, we probed the interaction of GRP94 to SI and its mutants in cell culture under hypoxic conditions and observed a substantial increase in the binding of GRP94 to the SI mutants. The interaction of GRP94 to the major carbohydrate digesting enzyme and regulating its folding as well as retaining SI mutants in the ER points to a potential role of GRP94 in maintenance of intestinal homeostasis by chaperoning and stabilizing SI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Hoter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yun S, Lee S, Lee HY, Oh HJ, Kwak Y, Lee HS. Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Association of GRP94 Expression in Colorectal Cancer with Synchronous and Metachronous Metastases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137042. [PMID: 34208855 PMCID: PMC8267630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) with distant metastases have a poor prognosis. We evaluated the clinicopathological relevance of GRP94 expression in these cases. The immunohistochemical expression of GRP94 was studied in 189 CRC patients with synchronous (SM; n = 123) and metachronous metastases (MM; n = 66), using tissue microarray; the association between GRP94 expression, outcome, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was also evaluated. GRP94 was expressed in 64.6% (122/189) patients with CRC; GRP94 positivity was found in 67.5% and 59.1% patients with SM and MM, respectively. In the SM group, high GRP94 expression was more common in patients with a higher density of CD4+ TILs (p = 0.002), unlike in the MM group. Survival analysis showed that patients with GRP94 positivity had significantly favorable survival (p = 0.030); after multivariate analysis, GRP94 only served as an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.034; hazard ratio, 0.581; 95% confidence interval, 0.351-0.961) in the SM group. GRP94 expression was detected in 49.4% of metastatic sites and showed significant heterogeneity between primary and metastatic lesions (p = 0.012). GRP94 is widely expressed in CRC with distant metastases; its expression was associated with favorable prognosis in the SM group, unlike in the MM group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumi Yun
- Samkwang Medical Laboratories, Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Seoul 06742, Korea;
| | - Sukmook Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea;
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea;
| | - Hyeon Jeong Oh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea;
| | - Yoonjin Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (H.S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Baijal K, Downey M. The promises of lysine polyphosphorylation as a regulatory modification in mammals are tempered by conceptual and technical challenges. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100058. [PMID: 33998006 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyphosphate (polyP) is a ubiquitous biomolecule thought to be present in all cells on Earth. PolyP is deceivingly simple, consisting of repeated units of inorganic phosphates polymerized in long energy-rich chains. PolyP is involved in diverse functions in mammalian systems-from cell signaling to blood clotting. One exciting avenue of research is a new nonenzymatic post-translational modification, termed lysine polyphosphorylation, wherein polyP chains are covalently attached to lysine residues of target proteins. While the modification was first characterized in budding yeast, recent work has now identified the first human targets. There is significant promise in this area of biomedical research, but a number of technical issues and knowledge gaps present challenges to rapid progress. In this review, the current state of the field is summarized and existing roadblocks related to the study of lysine polyphosphorylation in higher eukaryotes are introduced. It is discussed how limited methods to identify targets of polyphosphorylation are further impacted by low concentration, unknown regulatory enzymes, and sequestration of polyP into compartments in mammalian systems. Furthermore, suggestions on how these obstacles could be addressed or what their physiological relevance may be within mammalian cells are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchi Baijal
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Downey
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Serapian SA, Sanchez-Martín C, Moroni E, Rasola A, Colombo G. Targeting the mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1: strategies and therapeutic perspectives. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:566-576. [PMID: 33992469 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
TRAP1, the mitochondrial isoform of heat shock protein (Hsp)90 chaperones, is a key regulator of metabolism and organelle homeostasis in diverse pathological states. While selective TRAP1 targeting is an attractive goal, classical active-site-directed strategies have proved difficult, due to high active site conservation among Hsp90 paralogs. Here, we discuss advances in developing TRAP1-directed strategies, from lead modification with mitochondria delivery groups to the computational discovery of allosteric sites and ligands. Specifically, we address the unique opportunities that targeting TRAP1 opens up in tackling fundamental questions on its biology and in unveiling new therapeutic approaches. Finally, we show how crucial to this endeavor is our ability to predict the activities of TRAP1-selective allosteric ligands and to optimize target engagement to avoid side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano A Serapian
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia. via Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Martín
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, viale G. Colombo 3, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Rasola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, viale G. Colombo 3, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia. via Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yan P, Patel HJ, Sharma S, Corben A, Wang T, Panchal P, Yang C, Sun W, Araujo TL, Rodina A, Joshi S, Robzyk K, Gandu S, White JR, de Stanchina E, Modi S, Janjigian YY, Hill EG, Liu B, Erdjument-Bromage H, Neubert TA, Que NLS, Li Z, Gewirth DT, Taldone T, Chiosis G. Molecular Stressors Engender Protein Connectivity Dysfunction through Aberrant N-Glycosylation of a Chaperone. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107840. [PMID: 32610141 PMCID: PMC7372946 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stresses associated with disease may pathologically remodel the proteome by both increasing interaction strength and altering interaction partners, resulting in proteome-wide connectivity dysfunctions. Chaperones play an important role in these alterations, but how these changes are executed remains largely unknown. Our study unveils a specific N-glycosylation pattern used by a chaperone, Glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94), to alter its conformational fitness and stabilize a state most permissive for stable interactions with proteins at the plasma membrane. This "protein assembly mutation' remodels protein networks and properties of the cell. We show in cells, human specimens, and mouse xenografts that proteome connectivity is restorable by inhibition of the N-glycosylated GRP94 variant. In summary, we provide biochemical evidence for stressor-induced chaperone-mediated protein mis-assemblies and demonstrate how these alterations are actionable in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengrong Yan
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hardik J Patel
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Adriana Corben
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Currently at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tai Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Palak Panchal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chenghua Yang
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Currently at Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weilin Sun
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thais L Araujo
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna Rodina
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Suhasini Joshi
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kenneth Robzyk
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Srinivasa Gandu
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Julie R White
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shanu Modi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yelena Y Janjigian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Hill
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Bei Liu
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Department of Cell Biology and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Department of Cell Biology and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nanette L S Que
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel T Gewirth
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Tony Taldone
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Duan X, Iwanowycz S, Ngoi S, Hill M, Zhao Q, Liu B. Molecular Chaperone GRP94/GP96 in Cancers: Oncogenesis and Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2021; 11:629846. [PMID: 33898309 PMCID: PMC8062746 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.629846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumor development and progression, intrinsic and extrinsic factors trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response, resulting in the increased expression of molecular chaperones to cope with the stress and maintain tumor cell survival. Heat shock protein (HSP) GRP94, also known as GP96, is an ER paralog of HSP90 and has been shown to promote survival signaling during tumor-induced stress and modulate the immune response through its multiple clients, including TLRs, integrins, LRP6, GARP, IGF, and HER2. Clinically, elevated expression of GRP94 correlates with an aggressive phenotype and poor clinical outcome in a variety of cancers. Thus, GRP94 is a potential molecular marker and therapeutic target in malignancies. In this review, we will undergo deep molecular profiling of GRP94 in tumor development and summarize the individual roles of GRP94 in common cancers, including breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, multiple myeloma, and others. Finally, we will briefly review the therapeutic potential of selectively targeting GRP94 for the treatment of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Duan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Stephen Iwanowycz
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Soo Ngoi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Megan Hill
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lallier M, Marchandet L, Moukengue B, Charrier C, Baud’huin M, Verrecchia F, Ory B, Lamoureux F. Molecular Chaperones in Osteosarcoma: Diagnosis and Therapeutic Issues. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040754. [PMID: 33808130 PMCID: PMC8067202 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common form of primary bone tumor affecting mainly children and young adults. Despite therapeutic progress, the 5-year survival rate is 70%, but it drops drastically to 30% for poor responders to therapies or for patients with metastases. Identifying new therapeutic targets is thus essential. Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) are the main effectors of Heat Shock Response (HSR), the expression of which is induced by stressors. HSPs are a large family of proteins involved in the folding and maturation of other proteins in order to maintain proteostasis. HSP overexpression is observed in many cancers, including breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, and ovarian, as well as OS. In this article we reviewed the significant role played by HSPs in molecular mechanisms leading to OS development and progression. HSPs are directly involved in OS cell proliferation, apoptosis inhibition, migration, and drug resistance. We focused on HSP27, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 and summarized their potential clinical uses in OS as either biomarkers for diagnosis or therapeutic targets. Finally, based on different types of cancer, we consider the advantage of targeting heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), the major transcriptional regulator of HSPs in OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Lallier
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
| | - Louise Marchandet
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
| | - Brice Moukengue
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
| | - Celine Charrier
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
| | - Marc Baud’huin
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
- CHU Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France
| | - Franck Verrecchia
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
| | - Benjamin Ory
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
| | - François Lamoureux
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chaumonnot K, Masson S, Sikner H, Bouchard A, Baverel V, Bellaye PS, Collin B, Garrido C, Kohli E. The HSP GRP94 interacts with macrophage intracellular complement C3 and impacts M2 profile during ER stress. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:114. [PMID: 33483465 PMCID: PMC7822929 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of GRP94, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress protein with both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions, has not been investigated in macrophages during ER stress, whereas ER stress has been reported in many diseases involving macrophages. In this work, we studied GRP94 in M1/LPS + IFNγ and M2/IL-4 primary macrophages derived from human monocytes (isolated from buffy coats), in basal and ER stress conditions induced by thapsigargin (Tg), an inducer of ER calcium depletion and tunicamycin (Tm), an inhibitor of N-glycosylation. We found that GRP94 was expressed on the membrane of M2 but not M1 macrophages. In M2, Tg, but not Tm, while decreased GRP94 content in the membrane, it induced its secretion. This correlated with the induction of a pro-inflammatory profile, which was dependent on the UPR IRE1α arm activation and on a functional GRP94. As we previously reported that GRP94 associated with complement C3 at the extracellular level, we analyzed C3 and confirmed GRP94-C3 interaction in our experimental model. Further, Tg increased this interaction and, in these conditions, C3b and cathepsin L were detected in the extracellular medium where GRP94 co-immunoprecipitated with C3 and C3b. Finally, we showed that the C3b inactivated fragment, iC3b, only present on non-stressed M2, depended on functional GRP94, making both GRP94 and iC3b potential markers of M2 cells. In conclusion, our results show that GRP94 is co-secreted with C3 under ER stress conditions which may facilitate its cleavage by cathepsin L, thus contributing to the pro-inflammatory profile observed in stressed M2 macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Killian Chaumonnot
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team 3 HSP-Pathies, labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Masson
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team 3 HSP-Pathies, labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.,Centre anti-cancéreux Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Hugo Sikner
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team 3 HSP-Pathies, labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Alexanne Bouchard
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team 3 HSP-Pathies, labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,Centre anti-cancéreux Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Valentin Baverel
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team 3 HSP-Pathies, labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Simon Bellaye
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team 3 HSP-Pathies, labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,Centre anti-cancéreux Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Bertrand Collin
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.,Centre anti-cancéreux Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France.,UMR uB/CNRS 6302, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, Dijon, France
| | - Carmen Garrido
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team 3 HSP-Pathies, labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.,Centre anti-cancéreux Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Evelyne Kohli
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team 3 HSP-Pathies, labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France. .,UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France. .,CHU, Dijon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gorza L, Sorge M, Seclì L, Brancaccio M. Master Regulators of Muscle Atrophy: Role of Costamere Components. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010061. [PMID: 33401549 PMCID: PMC7823551 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of muscle mass and force characterizes muscle atrophy in several different conditions, which share the expression of atrogenes and the activation of their transcriptional regulators. However, attempts to antagonize muscle atrophy development in different experimental contexts by targeting contributors to the atrogene pathway showed partial effects in most cases. Other master regulators might independently contribute to muscle atrophy, as suggested by our recent evidence about the co-requirement of the muscle-specific chaperone protein melusin to inhibit unloading muscle atrophy development. Furthermore, melusin and other muscle mass regulators, such as nNOS, belong to costameres, the macromolecular complexes that connect sarcolemma to myofibrils and to the extracellular matrix, in correspondence with specific sarcomeric sites. Costameres sense a mechanical load and transduce it both as lateral force and biochemical signals. Recent evidence further broadens this classic view, by revealing the crucial participation of costameres in a sarcolemmal “signaling hub” integrating mechanical and humoral stimuli, where mechanical signals are coupled with insulin and/or insulin-like growth factor stimulation to regulate muscle mass. Therefore, this review aims to enucleate available evidence concerning the early involvement of costamere components and additional putative master regulators in the development of major types of muscle atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Gorza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Matteo Sorge
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Laura Seclì
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Okada S, Furuya M, Fukui-Kaneshige A, Nakanishi H, Tani H, Sasai K. HSP110 expression in canine mammary gland tumor and its correlation with histopathological classification and grade. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 232:110171. [PMID: 33385709 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play critical roles as molecular chaperones, thereby promoting cellular homeostasis. HSPs are overexpressed in many types of human tumors and their serum concentration is elevated in cancer patients. Recent studies have suggested that HSPs may promote tumorigenesis via interactions with tumor-related proteins. There are only a few studies that address the expression of HSPs in canine tumors. In our previous study, we identified elevated levels of HSP110 expression in canine mammary gland tumors (cMGTs). In this study, we examined both serum concentrations and tissue expression of HSP110 in dogs with cMGT. We found that serum HSP110 concentrations were not significantly different in a comparison between dogs with cMGT (3.44 ± 1.27 μg/mL) and healthy controls (3.23 ± 1.18 μg/mL). By contrast, significant differences in levels of HSP110 expression were identified in comparisons between simple carcinoma and benign mixed tumor (p = 0.001), simple carcinoma and non-neoplastic lesions (p < 0.001), complex carcinoma and benign mixed tumor (p = 0.015), complex carcinoma and non-neoplastic lesions (p < 0.001), simple adenoma and benign mixed tumor (p = 0.041), and simple adenoma and non-neoplastic lesions (p = 0.007). Similarly, significantly different levels of HSP110 expression were identified when comparing grade Ⅲ with non-neoplastic lesion (p = 0.026), grade Ⅱ with benign tumor (p = 0.015), grade Ⅱ with non-neoplastic lesion (p < 0.001), and grade Ⅰ with non-neoplastic lesion (p < 0.001). Taken together, our results indicate that expression of HSP110 correlates with the malignancy in this cohort of dogs diagnosed with cMGT. These findings also suggest that HSP110 is associated with tumorigenesis and the relative malignancy of cMGT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Masaru Furuya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
| | - Ayano Fukui-Kaneshige
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sasai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Heat Shock Protein 90 Family Isoforms as Prognostic Biomarkers and Their Correlations with Immune Infiltration in Breast Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2148253. [PMID: 33145341 PMCID: PMC7596464 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2148253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The heat shock protein 90 (HSP90s) family is composed of molecular chaperones composed of four isoforms in humans, which has been widely reported as unregulated in various kinds of cancers. Nevertheless, the role of each HSP90s isoform in prognosis and immune infiltration in distinct subtypes of breast cancer (BRAC) remains unclear. Methods Public online databases including the Oncomine, UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), GeneMANIA, and Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) were integrated to perform bioinformatic analyses and to explore the possible associations among HSP90s gene expression, prognosis, and immune infiltration in BRAC. Results The mRNA expression of all HSP90s members was elevated in distinct clinical stages and subtypes of BRAC, compared with the normal breast tissue (P < 0.05). Overexpressed HSP90AA1 was associated with poor prognosis, particularly, both short overall survival (OS) and release-free survival (RFS) in Basal-like BRAC patients; overexpressed HSP90AB1 and HSP90B1 were both associated with poor RFS in Luminal A BRAC patients, while overexpressed TRAP1 was associated with favorable RFS in Luminal A BRAC patients. Moreover, HSP90s gene expression in BRAC showed correlations with the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs), as well as the activation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), DCs, and CD4+ helper T (Th) cells. The underlying mechanisms of HSP90s modulating tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) might be related with their functions in antigen processing and presentation, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) binding, and assisting client proteins. Conclusion This study demonstrated that HSP90s family genes were overexpressed and might be serve as prognostic biomarkers in subtypes of BRAC. It might be a novel breakthrough point of BRAC treatment to regulate immune infiltration in BRAC microenvironment for more effective anticancer immunity through pharmacological intervention of HSP90s.
Collapse
|
37
|
Sanchez J, Carter TR, Cohen MS, Blagg BSJ. Old and New Approaches to Target the Hsp90 Chaperone. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 20:253-270. [PMID: 31793427 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666191202101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that ensures cellular proteostasis by maintaining the folding, stabilization, activation, and degradation of over 400 client proteins. Hsp90 is not only critical for routine protein maintenance in healthy cells, but also during states of cellular stress, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Due to its ability to affect phosphorylation of numerous client proteins, inhibition of Hsp90 has been an attractive anticancer approach since the early 1990's, when researchers identified a druggable target on the amino terminus of Hsp90 for a variety of cancers. Since then, 17 Hsp90 inhibitors that target the chaperone's Nterminal domain, have entered clinical trials. None, however, have been approved thus far by the FDA as a cancer monotherapy. In these trials, a major limitation observed with Hsp90 inhibition at the N-terminal domain was dose-limiting toxicities and relatively poor pharmacokinetic profiles. Despite this, preclinical and clinical research continues to show that Hsp90 inhibitors effectively target cancer cell death and decrease tumor progression supporting the rationale for the development of novel Hsp90 inhibitors. Here, we present an in-depth overview of the Hsp90 inhibitors used in clinical trials. Finally, we present current shifts in the field related to targeting the carboxy-terminal domain of Hsp90 as well as to the development of isoform-selective inhibitors as a means to bypass the pitfalls of current Hsp90 inhibitors and improve clinical trial outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackee Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Trever R Carter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Mark S Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Schöttelndreier D, Langejürgen A, Lindner R, Genth H. Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 (LRP1) Is Involved in the Uptake of Clostridioides difficile Toxin A and Serves as an Internalizing Receptor. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:565465. [PMID: 33194803 PMCID: PMC7604483 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.565465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxin producing Clostridioides difficile strains cause gastrointestinal infections with the large glucosylating protein toxins A (TcdA) and B (TcdB) being major virulence factors responsible for the onset of symptoms. TcdA and TcdB enter their target cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Inside the cell, the toxins glucosylate and thereby inactivate small GTPases of the Rho-/Ras subfamilies resulting in actin reorganization and cell death. The receptors of TcdA are still elusive, glycoprotein 96 (gp96), the low density lipoprotein receptor family (LDLR) and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) have most recently been suggested as receptors for TcdA. In this study, we provide evidence on rapid endocytosis of Low density lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) into fibroblasts and Caco-2 cells by exploiting biotinylation of cell surface proteins. In contrast, gp96 was not endocytosed either in the presence or absence of TcdA. The kinetics of internalization of TfR and LRP1 were comparable in the presence and the absence of TcdA, excluding that TcdA facilitates its internalization by triggering internalization of its receptors. Exploiting fibroblasts with a genetic deletion of LRP1, TcdA was about one order of magnitude less potent in LRP1-deficient cells as compared to the corresponding control cells. In contrast, TcdB exhibited a comparable potency in LRP1-proficient and -deficient fibroblasts. These findings suggested a role of LRP1 in the cellular uptake of TcdA but not of TcdB. Correspondingly, binding of TcdA to the cell surface of LRP1-deficient fibroblasts was reduced as compared with LRP1-proficient fibroblasts. Finally, TcdA bound to LRP1 ligand binding type repeat cluster II (amino acid 786–1,165) and cluster IV (amino acid 3332-3779). In conclusion, LRP1 appears to serve as an endocytic receptor and gp96 as a non-endocytic receptor for TcdA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Langejürgen
- Institutes for Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Lindner
- Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Harald Genth
- Institutes for Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dutta Gupta S, Pan CH. Recent update on discovery and development of Hsp90 inhibitors as senolytic agents. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1086-1098. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
40
|
Watanabe M, Shibata M, Inaishi T, Ichikawa T, Soeda I, Miyajima N, Takano Y, Takeuchi D, Tsunoda N, Kanda M, Kikumori T, Kodera Y, Nagino M. MZB1 expression indicates poor prognosis in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:198. [PMID: 32963604 PMCID: PMC7491119 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor in females. Development of novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets may contribute toward the improvement of a patient's prognosis. Marginal zone B and B1 cell-specific protein (MZB1) is an unfolded protein response-related chaperone and mainly exists in the endoplasmic reticulum of B lymphocytes, although little is known regarding its role in BC cells. The present study aimed to investigate the significance of MZB1 expression in BC. To begin with, MZB1 mRNA expression levels in 13 BC cell lines and two non-cancerous mammary cell lines were evaluated. Next, mRNA and protein expression of MZB1 in BC patient tumor specimens was evaluated to assess the association between expression and clinicopathological factors or prognosis. MZB1 mRNA expression levels were detectable in four estrogen receptor (ER)-positive BC cell lines. When ratios of MZB1 mRNA expression levels between BC and non-cancerous specimens were evaluated, patients with stage III disease exhibited a higher ratio than patients with stage 0/I/II disease (P=0.009). Using immunohistochemistry, patients with ER-positive BC more frequently expressed MZB1, compared with patients with ER-negative BC (P=0.003). In patients with ER-positive BC, patients with MZB1-positive BC experienced shorter disease-free survival (DFS) times than patients with negative BC (P=0.026). Multivariate analysis of DFS demonstrated that MZB1 positivity was an independent prognostic factor (P=0.022). The results of the present study suggested that MZB1 expression may be associated with a more advanced stage of BC. Furthermore, in patients with ER-positive BC, MZB1 may be a potential prognostic marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Watanabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.,Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibata
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inaishi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ichikawa
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ikumi Soeda
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.,Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyajima
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuko Takano
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Dai Takeuchi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tsunoda
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.,Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toyone Kikumori
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masato Nagino
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Glucose-Regulated Protein 94 (GRP94): A Novel Regulator of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Production. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081844. [PMID: 32781621 PMCID: PMC7465916 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals have two insulin-like growth factors (IGF) that are key mediators of somatic growth, tissue differentiation, and cellular responses to stress. Thus, the mechanisms that regulate the bioavailability of IGFs are important in both normal and aberrant development. IGF-I levels are primarily controlled via the growth hormone-IGF axis, in response to nutritional status, and also reflect metabolic diseases and cancer. One mechanism that controls IGF bioavailablity is the binding of circulating IGF to a number of binding proteins that keep IGF in a stable, but receptor non-binding state. However, even before IGF is released from the cells that produce it, it undergoes an obligatory association with a ubiquitous chaperone protein, GRP94. This binding is required for secretion of a properly folded, mature IGF. This chapter reviews the known aspects of the interaction and highlights the specificity issues yet to be determined. The IGF–GRP94 interaction provides a potential novel mechanism of idiopathic short stature, involving the obligatory chaperone and not just IGF gene expression. It also provides a novel target for cancer treatment, as GRP94 activity can be either inhibited or enhanced.
Collapse
|
42
|
Guan Z, Ding Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Li C, Li Z, Meng S. Extracellular gp96 is a crucial mediator for driving immune hyperactivation and liver damage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12596. [PMID: 32724151 PMCID: PMC7387550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver failure leads to the massive necrosis of hepatocytes, releasing large amounts of intracellular components including damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). We found that extracellular gp96 levels in serum were elevated in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Meanwhile, the gp96 level positively correlated with hepatic necroinflammation. We employed two mouse liver damage and liver failure models induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus d-galactosamine (d-Galn), and concanavalin A (ConA) to identify the function of extracellular gp96. As a result, the inhibition of extracellular gp96 by a specific peptide efficiently mitigated both LPS/d-Galn- and ConA-induced liver injury and immune hyperactivation, whereas exogenous gp96 aggravated the symptoms of hepatic injury in mice but not in Kupffer cells-ablated mice. The exposure of Kupffer cells to gp96 induced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our data demonstrate that gp96 released from necrotic hepatocytes aggravates immune hyperactivation and promotes liver damage and possibly the development of liver failure mainly by activating Kupffer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeliang Guan
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Ding
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yongai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, The 5th Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingmin Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, The 5th Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Songdong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
gp96 Is Critical for both Human Herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) and HHV-6B Infections. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00311-20. [PMID: 32295911 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00311-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesviruses 6A and 6B (HHV-6A and HHV-6B, respectively) are two virus species in the betaherpesvirus subfamily that exhibit T cell tropism. CD46 and CD134 are the cellular receptors for HHV-6A and HHV-6B, respectively. Interestingly, the efficiency of HHV-6A/6B entry is different among different types of target cells despite similar receptor expression levels on these cells. Here, we found that the cellular factor gp96 (also known as glucose-regulated protein 94 [GRP94]) is expressed on the cell surface and interacts with viral glycoprotein Q1 (gQ1) during virus entry. gp96 cell surface expression levels are associated with the efficiency of HHV-6A and HHV-6B entry into target cells. Both loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments indicated that gp96 plays an important role in HHV-6 infection. Our findings provide new insight into the HHV-6 entry process and might suggest novel therapeutic targets for HHV-6 infection.IMPORTANCE Although new clinical importance has been revealed for human herpesviruses 6A (HHV-6A) and 6B, much is still unknown about the life cycles of these viruses in target cells. We identified a novel cellular factor, gp96, that is critical for both HHV-6A and -6B entry into host cells. As gp96 can function as an adjuvant in vaccine development for both infectious agents and cancers, it can be a potential therapeutic target for infection by these two viruses.
Collapse
|
44
|
Lee JS, Roh MS, Lee HW, Lee EH, Pak MG, Kim K, Nam HY, Kim KM, Jung SB. Prognostic significance of glucose-related protein 94 in colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153013. [PMID: 32534715 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The expression of glucose-related protein 94 (GRP94), a member of the heat shock protein 90 family, was correlated with a variety of clinicopathological factors and patient survival in a large colorectal cancer (CRC) cohort. We aimed to elucidate the role of GRP94 in the prognosis of CRC patients. METHODS Tissue microarray blocks were generated from 709 CRC samples and immunohistochemically stained for GRP94. RESULTS Of the 709 tumours, 164 (23.1%) and 545 (76.9%) were classified in the low and high expression groups, respectively. GRP94 expression was high in CRC cases with larger tumours (p = 0.005) and advanced pT stage (p = 0.021). GRP94 expression was higher in females than males (p = 0.024). In univariate and multivariate survival analyses, high GRP94 expression was unexpectedly associated with better overall survival in CRC patients younger than 65 years of age (p = 0.001) CONCLUSION: Our conflicting results indicate that GRP94 has the ability to switch between oncogenic and tumour-suppressive roles depending on the conditions and microenvironment of the tumour cells. Furthermore, GRP94 could be a candidate biomarker to predict better prognosis in CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seok Lee
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Mee Sook Roh
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyoun Wook Lee
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea.
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Min Gyoung Pak
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kyungeun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Yeol Nam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Kwang Min Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Sang Bong Jung
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui Institute of Technology, Busan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li P, Zhao R, Fan K, Iwanowycz S, Fan H, Li Z, Liu B. Regulation of dendritic cell function improves survival in experimental sepsis through immune chaperone. Innate Immun 2020; 25:235-243. [PMID: 31018807 PMCID: PMC6830886 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919840423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional Ag-presenting cells that play a critical
role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. DCs recognize and respond to
bacteria through multiple PRRs, including TLRs. Heat shock protein gp96/grp94 is
a master essential chaperone for TLRs in the endoplasmic reticulum. We generated
DC-specific gp96-knockout (KO) mice and showed that gp96 KO DCs were unable to
respond to multiple TLR ligands. TLR-mediated hyperinflammatory response can
lead to sepsis. However, the roles of neither DCs nor the DC-intrinsic gp96 in
the process are completely understood. In a LPS-induced sepsis model, we hereby
found that deletion of gp96 in DCs significantly reduced serum TNF-α levels and
improved survival. Furthermore, using the well-defined polymicrobial sepsis
model of cecal ligation and puncture, we found that DC-specific ablation of gp96
improved survival with significantly attenuated liver and renal injuries,
decreased circulating inflammatory cytokines, altered DC maturation and
activation, and increased serum Ig. Collectively, we demonstrate that deletion
of gp96 in DCs is beneficial in protecting mice against sepsis induced by both
endotoxemia and polymicrobial infections. We conclude that targeting gp96 in DCs
may provide a potential novel approach for reducing the morbidity and mortality
of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ran Zhao
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kevin Fan
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stephen Iwanowycz
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Hongkuan Fan
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bei Liu
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Li A, Song NJ, Riesenberg BP, Li Z. The Emerging Roles of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Balancing Immunity and Tolerance in Health and Diseases: Mechanisms and Opportunities. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3154. [PMID: 32117210 PMCID: PMC7026265 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle equipped with mechanisms for proper protein folding, trafficking, and degradation to maintain protein homeostasis in the secretory pathway. As a defense mechanism, perturbation of ER proteostasis by ER stress agents activates a cascade of signaling pathways from the ER to the nucleus known as unfolded protein response (UPR). The primary goal of UPR is to induce transcriptional and translational programs to restore ER homeostasis for cell survival. As such, defects in UPR signaling have been implicated as a key contributor to multiple diseases including metabolic diseases, degenerative diseases, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. Growing evidence support the critical role of ER stress in regulating the fate as well as the magnitude of the immune response. Moreover, the availability of multiple UPR pharmacological inhibitors raises the hope that targeting UPR can be a new strategy for immune modulation and immunotherapy of diseases. This paper reviews the principal mechanisms by which ER stress affects immune cell biology and function, with a focus of discussion on UPR-associated immunopathology and the development of potential ER stress-targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Li
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - No-Joon Song
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Brian P Riesenberg
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zihai Li
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Duan XF, Xin YW. Overexpression of molecule GRP94 favors tumor progression in lung adenocarcinoma by interaction with regulatory T cells. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:704-712. [PMID: 31970893 PMCID: PMC7049511 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endoplasmic reticulum stress exists within a tumor. Glucose‐regulated protein 94 (GRP94) is a stress‐induced chaperone protein involved in tumor development and progression. Its role in myeloma, colon cancer, and other tumors has been confirmed, but its role in lung cancer is unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of GRP94 in lung cancer progression and prognostic prediction. Methods Immunohistochemical staining of GRP94 in human lung adenocarcinoma (AD) and corresponding normal tissue was performed, and its relationship with FOXP3+ regulatory T‐cell (Treg) infiltration analyzed. We investigated the role of GRP94 in the behavior of lung AD cells by inhibiting GRP94 expression in A549 cells. Western blotting was used to detect the TGF‐β/SMAD2 signaling molecules and explore the possible molecular mechanism of GRP94. Results GRP94 mRNA (encoded by HSP90B1) and protein levels were upregulated and elevated, respectively, in lung AD compared to normal lung tissues. High GRP94 expression was associated with an advanced disease stage and poor survival. There was a positive correlation between GRP94 expression and FOXP3+ Treg infiltration into lung AD tissues. Our results confirm that GRP94 knockdown inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis by increasing caspase‐7 and CHOP levels in lung AD cells. TGF‐β and SMAD2 protein levels were decreased after GRP94 depletion. Conclusions Our study revealed that that GRP94 expression in lung AD favors tumor progression and predicts poor prognosis. The oncogenic role of GRP94 may involve inducing Treg infiltration by promoting the TGF‐β signaling pathway. Key points GRP94 protein levels were elevated in lung AD tissues compared to normal lung tissues. The high expression of GRP94 in lung AD favors tumor progression and predicts poor prognosis. The oncogenic role of the molecule GRP94 may involve the stimulation of Treg infiltration via promotion of the TGF‐β signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Duan
- Department of Minimally Invasive Esophageal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya-Wei Xin
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jeoung MH, Kim TK, Kim JW, Cho YB, Na HJ, Yoo BC, Shim H, Song DK, Heo K, Lee S. Antibody-Based Targeting of Cell Surface GRP94 Specifically Inhibits Cetuximab-Resistant Colorectal Cancer Growth. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110681. [PMID: 31683810 PMCID: PMC6920916 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Cetuximab, a human/mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody, is effective in a limited number of CRC patients because of cetuximab resistance. This study aimed to identify novel therapeutic targets in cetuximab-resistant CRC in order to improve clinical outcomes. Through phage display technology, we isolated a fully human antibody strongly binding to the cetuximab-resistant HCT116 cell surface and identified the target antigen as glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) using proteomic analysis. Short interfering RNA-mediated GRP94 knockdown showed that GRP94 plays a key role in HCT116 cell growth. In vitro functional studies revealed that the GRP94-blocking antibody we developed strongly inhibits the growth of various cetuximab-resistant CRC cell lines. We also demonstrated that GRP94 immunoglobulin G monotherapy significantly reduces HCT116 cell growth more potently compared to cetuximab, without severe toxicity in vivo. Therefore, cell surface GRP94 might be a potential novel therapeutic target in cetuximab-resistant CRC, and antibody-based targeting of GRP94 might be an effective strategy to suppress GRP94-expressing cetuximab-resistant CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mee Hyun Jeoung
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea.
| | - Taek-Keun Kim
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea.
| | - Ji Woong Kim
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea.
| | - Yea Bin Cho
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea.
| | - Hee Jun Na
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea.
| | - Byong Chul Yoo
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10408, Korea.
| | - Hyunbo Shim
- Department of Bioinspired Science and Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Dong-Keun Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea.
| | - Kyun Heo
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea.
| | - Sukmook Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li L, Wang L, You QD, Xu XL. Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors: An Update on Achievements, Challenges, and Future Directions. J Med Chem 2019; 63:1798-1822. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qi-Dong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bedia C, Badia M, Muixí L, Levade T, Tauler R, Sierra A. GM2-GM3 gangliosides ratio is dependent on GRP94 through down-regulation of GM2-AP cofactor in brain metastasis cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14241. [PMID: 31578452 PMCID: PMC6775165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
GRP94 is an ATP-dependent chaperone able to regulate pro-oncogenic signaling pathways. Previous studies have shown a critical role of GRP94 in brain metastasis (BrM) pathogenesis and progression. In this work, an untargeted lipidomic analysis revealed that some lipid species were altered in GRP94-deficient cells, specially GM2 and GM3 gangliosides. The catalytic pathway of GM2 is affected by the low enzymatic activity of β-Hexosaminidase (HexA), responsible for the hydrolysis of GM2 to GM3. Moreover, a deficiency of the GM2-activator protein (GM2-AP), the cofactor of HexA, is observed without alteration of gene expression, indicating a post-transcriptional alteration of GM2-AP in the GRP94-ablated cells. One plausible explanation of these observations is that GM2-AP is a client of GRP94, resulting in defective GM2 catabolic processing and lysosomal accumulation of GM2 in GRP94-ablated cells. Overall, given the role of gangliosides in cell surface dynamics and signaling, their imbalance might be linked to modifications of cell behaviour acquired in BrM progression. This work indicates that GM2-AP could be an important factor in ganglioside balance maintenance. These findings highlight the relevance of GM3 and GM2 gangliosides in BrM and reveal GM2-AP as a promising diagnosis and therapeutic target in BrM research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Bedia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-IDIBAPS, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Barcelona, E-08036, Spain.
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miriam Badia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-IDIBAPS, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Barcelona, E-08036, Spain
| | - Laia Muixí
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, E-08908, Spain
| | - Thierry Levade
- INSERM UMR 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), 31037, Toulouse, France
| | - Romà Tauler
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angels Sierra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-IDIBAPS, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Barcelona, E-08036, Spain
- Centre d'Estudis Sanitaris i Socials-CESS, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, E-08500, Spain
| |
Collapse
|