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Sanna A, Suárez-Mutis M, Lambert Y, Carvalho L, Cairo H, Cox H, de Bort C, Gomes do Socorro Mendonça M, Forero-Peña DA, Gabaldón-Figueira JC, Grillet ME, Klein F, Lazarus C, Lazrek Y, Louzada J, Malafaia D, Marchesini P, Musset L, Oliveira-Ferreira J, Peterka C, Rousseau C, Roux E, Villegas L, Vreden S, Wiedner-Papin S, Laporta GZ, Hiwat H, Douine M. Cooperation for malaria control and elimination in the Guiana Shield. Lancet Glob Health 2024; 12:e875-e881. [PMID: 38614635 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The Guiana Shield, a small region of South America, is currently one of the main hotspots of malaria transmission on the continent. This Amazonian area is characterised by remarkable socioeconomic, cultural, health, and political heterogeneity and a high degree of regional and cross-border population mobility, which has contributed to the increase of malaria in the region in the past few years. In this context, regional cooperation to control malaria represents both a challenge and an indispensable initiative. This Viewpoint advocates for the creation of a regional cooperative mechanism for the elimination of malaria in the Guiana Shield. This strategy would help address operational and political obstacles to successful technical cooperation in the region and could contribute to reversing the regional upsurge in malaria incidence through creating a functional international control and elimination partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Sanna
- French West Indies-French Guiana Center for Clinical Investigation (CIC Inserm 1424), Department of Research, Innovation, and Public Health, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France.
| | - Martha Suárez-Mutis
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; International Joint Laboratory Sentinela, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, University of Brasília, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yann Lambert
- French West Indies-French Guiana Center for Clinical Investigation (CIC Inserm 1424), Department of Research, Innovation, and Public Health, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | | | - Hedley Cairo
- National Malaria Program, Ministry of Health, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Horace Cox
- Vector-Borne Diseases Unit, Caribbean Public Health Agency, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Clara de Bort
- Regional Health Agency, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | | | - David A Forero-Peña
- Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela; Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela
| | | | - Maria Eugenia Grillet
- Laboratory of Biology of Vectors and Parasites, Institute of Zoology and Tropical Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - François Klein
- Directorate General for Health, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Paris, France
| | - Clément Lazarus
- Directorate General for Health, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Paris, France
| | - Yassamine Lazrek
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute in French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Jaime Louzada
- Department of Nursing Science, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Dorinaldo Malafaia
- Vigifronteiras Program, Fundação Oswald Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Chamber of Deputies, National Congress, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Paola Marchesini
- Overall Coordination of Surveillance of Zoonoses and Vector-Borne Diseases, Ministry of Health of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Lise Musset
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute in French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Joseli Oliveira-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cassio Peterka
- Coordination of Malaria Elimination, Ministry of Health of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Cyril Rousseau
- Division of Decentralized Primary Care Centers, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Emmanuel Roux
- ESPACE-DEV, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, University of Montpellier, University of the French West Indies, University of French Guiana, University of Reunion Island, and University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France; International Joint Laboratory Sentinela, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, University of Brasília, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Stephen Vreden
- Foundation for the Advancement of Scientific Research in Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | | | | | - Helene Hiwat
- National Malaria Program, Ministry of Health, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Maylis Douine
- French West Indies-French Guiana Center for Clinical Investigation (CIC Inserm 1424), Department of Research, Innovation, and Public Health, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
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Tréhard H, Musset L, Lazrek Y, Djossou F, Epelboin L, Roux E, Landier J, Gaudart J, Mosnier E. Understanding the impact of mobility on Plasmodium spp. carriage in an Amazon cross-border area with low transmission rate. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002706. [PMID: 38349936 PMCID: PMC10863871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Despite the large reduction in malaria incidence in the last decade, the last kilometre to elimination is often the hardest, especially in international border areas. This study investigated the impact of mobility on Plasmodium spp. carriage in people living in a cross-border area in Amazonia with a low malaria transmission rate. We implemented a longitudinal ancillary study in the French Guiana town of St. Georges de l'Oyapock, which is located on the border with Brazil. It was based on data from two transversal surveys performed in October 2017 and October 2018. Data were collected on peri-domestic mobility for food-producing activities, and longer-distance mobility in high-risk areas. Participants were screened for Plasmodium spp. carriage using PCR tests, and treated if positive. Vector density around a participant's home was estimated using a previously published model based on remote sensing and meteorological data. The association between Plasmodium spp. carriage and mobility was analysed using a generalized additive mixed model. A total of 1,192 inhabitants, aged between 0 and 92 years old, were included. Median age was 18 years in 2017 (IQR [8;35]). Plasmodium spp. prevalence in the study population was 7% in 2017 (n = 89) and 3% in 2018 (n = 35). Plasmodium spp. carriage was independently associated with i) travel to the adjoining Oiapoque Indigenous Territories in Brazil (OR = 1.76, p = 0.023), ii) the estimated vector density around a participant's home (High versus Low risk OR = 4.11, p<0.001), iii) slash-and-burn farming (OR = 1.96, p = 0.013), and iv) age (p = 0.032). Specific surveillance systems and interventions which take into account different types of mobility are needed in cross-border areas to achieve and maintain malaria elimination (e.g., reactive case detection and treatment in the places visited).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Tréhard
- Aix Marseille Institute of Public Health ISSPAM, UMR1252 SESSTIM, Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, IRD, Marseille, France
| | - Lise Musset
- Laboratoire de parasitologie, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance, Centre Nationale de Référence du Paludisme, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Yassamine Lazrek
- Laboratoire de parasitologie, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance, Centre Nationale de Référence du Paludisme, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Felix Djossou
- Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Loïc Epelboin
- Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, French Guiana
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane CIC Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Emmanuel Roux
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), ESPACE‐DEV, University of Montpellier, University of French West Indies, University of French Guiana, University of La Reunion, Montpellier, France
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Sentinela International Joint Laboratory, University of Brasilia (UnB), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Montpellier, France
| | - Jordi Landier
- Aix Marseille Institute of Public Health ISSPAM, UMR1252 SESSTIM, Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, IRD, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Gaudart
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, ISSPAM, SESSTIM, UMR1252, APHM, Hop Timone, BioSTIC, Biostatistic & ICT, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Mosnier
- Aix Marseille Institute of Public Health ISSPAM, UMR1252 SESSTIM, Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, IRD, Marseille, France
- Grant Management Office, University of Health Sciences, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- French Agency for Research on AIDS, Viral Hepatitis and Emerging Infectious Diseases (ANRS-MIE), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Conceição PB, San Pedro A, Praça HLF, dos Santos YT, Reis LNM, Gibson G. [Stratification of risk areas for measles transmission: a systematic reviewEstratificación de las zonas de riesgo de transmisión del sarampión: revisión sistemática]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2024; 48:e1. [PMID: 38226153 PMCID: PMC10787521 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2024.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To perform a systematic review of scientific publications addressing the use of stratification methods to define risk areas for measles transmission. Method Articles published in English, Portuguese, and Spanish in journals indexed in the SciELO, PubMed, and LILACS databases were selected. The search terms risk assessment AND measles were used without date limits. Editorials, opinion articles, individual-level observational studies, and publications that did not focus on the application of methods to stratify measles transmission risk areas were excluded. Year of publication, authorship, country where the study was performed, objective, geographic level of analysis, method used, indicators, and limitations were recorded in a data form. Results Thirteen articles published between 2011 and 2022 in nine countries from the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions were selected. Of these, 10 referred to the Measles Risk Assessment Tool developed by the WHO/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Only one study adapted the tool to the local context. The risk stratification indicators used in the selected studies focused on a combination of the following dimensions: population immunity, quality of surveillance systems, and epidemiologic status. The systematic output of data with adequate quality and coverage was a noteworthy aspect hindering risk stratification. Conclusion There seems to be limited dissemination of measles risk stratification strategies, especially at local levels. The need to train human resources to process and interpret risk analyses as part of the routine of surveillance services is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Barbosa Conceição
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)Instituto de Estudos em Saúde ColetivaRio de Janeiro (RJ)BrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil.
| | - Alexandre San Pedro
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)Instituto de Estudos em Saúde ColetivaRio de Janeiro (RJ)BrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil.
| | - Heitor Levy Ferreira Praça
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)Instituto de Estudos em Saúde ColetivaRio de Janeiro (RJ)BrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil.
| | - Yasmin Toledo dos Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)Instituto de Estudos em Saúde ColetivaRio de Janeiro (RJ)BrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil.
| | - Larissa Nunes Moreira Reis
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)Instituto de Estudos em Saúde ColetivaRio de Janeiro (RJ)BrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil.
| | - Gerusa Gibson
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)Instituto de Estudos em Saúde ColetivaRio de Janeiro (RJ)BrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil.
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Ayala MJC, Valiati NCM, Bastos LS, Villela DAM. Notification of malaria cases in the Brazilian Amazon Basin from 2010 to 2020: an analysis of the reporting times. Malar J 2023; 22:49. [PMID: 36765345 PMCID: PMC9913006 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As controlling malaria transmission remains a public-health challenge in the Brazilian Amazon basin, the National Surveillance System for Malaria (SIVEP-MALARIA) has registered malaria notifications for over fifteen years helping in the decision-making on control and elimination. As a surveillance database, the system is prone to reporting delays, and knowledge about reporting patterns is essential in decisions. METHODS This study contains an analysis of temporal and state trends of reporting times in a total of 1,580,617 individual malaria reports from January 2010 to December 2020, applying procedures for statistical distribution fitting. A nowcasting technique was applied to show an estimation of number of cases using a statistical model of reporting delays. RESULTS Reporting delays increased over time for the states of Amazonas, Rondônia, Roraima, and Pará. Amapá has maintained a similar reporting delay pattern, while Acre decreased reporting delay between 2010 and 2020. Predictions were more accurate in states with lower reporting delays. The temporal evolution of reporting delays only showed a decrease in malaria reports in Acre from 2010 to 2020. CONCLUSION Malaria notifications may take days or weeks to enter the national surveillance database. The reporting times are likely to impact incidence estimation over periods when data is incomplete, whilst the impact of delays becomes smaller for retrospective analysis. Short-term assessments for the estimation of malaria incidence from the malaria control programme must deal with reporting delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J C Ayala
- Programa de Computação Científica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Politécnico Grancolombiano, Escuela de Optimización, Diseño y Automatización, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Naiara C M Valiati
- Programa de Computação Científica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo S Bastos
- Programa de Computação Científica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel A M Villela
- Programa de Computação Científica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Hast M, Mharakurwa S, Shields TM, Lubinda J, Searle K, Gwanzura L, Munyati S, Moss WJ. Characterizing human movement patterns using GPS data loggers in an area of persistent malaria in Zimbabwe along the Mozambique border. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:942. [PMID: 36522643 PMCID: PMC9756631 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07903-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human mobility is a driver for the reemergence or resurgence of malaria and has been identified as a source of cross-border transmission. However, movement patterns are difficult to measure in rural areas where malaria risk is high. In countries with malaria elimination goals, it is essential to determine the role of mobility on malaria transmission to implement appropriate interventions. METHODS A study was conducted in Mutasa District, Zimbabwe, to investigate human movement patterns in an area of persistent transmission along the Mozambique border. Over 1 year, a convenience sample of 20 participants/month was recruited from active malaria surveillance cohorts to carry an IgotU® GT-600 global positioning system (GPS) data logger during all daily activities. Consenting participants were tested for malaria at data logger distribution using rapid antigen diagnostic tests and completed a survey questionnaire. GPS data were analyzed using a trajectory analysis tool, and participant movement patterns were characterized throughout the study area and across the border into Mozambique using movement intensity maps, activity space plots, and statistical analyses. RESULTS From June 2016-May 2017, 184 participants provided movement tracks encompassing > 350,000 data points and nearly 8000 person-days. Malaria prevalence at logger distribution was 3.7%. Participants traveled a median of 2.8 km/day and spent a median of 4.6 h/day away from home. Movement was widespread within and outside the study area, with participants traveling up to 500 km from their homes. Indices of mobility were higher in the dry season than the rainy season (median km traveled/day = 3.5 vs. 2.2, P = 0.03), among male compared to female participants (median km traveled/day = 3.8 vs. 2.0, P = 0.0008), and among adults compared to adolescents (median total km traveled = 104.6 vs. 59.5, P = 0.05). Half of participants traveled outside the study area, and 30% traveled into Mozambique, including 15 who stayed in Mozambique overnight. CONCLUSIONS Study participants in Mutasa District, Zimbabwe, were highly mobile throughout the year. Many participants traveled long distances from home, including overnight trips into Mozambique, with clear implications for malaria control. Interventions targeted at mobile populations and cross-border transmission may be effective in preventing malaria introductions in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Hast
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Sungano Mharakurwa
- grid.418347.d0000 0004 8265 7435Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe ,grid.442719.d0000 0000 8930 0245Africa University, Old Mutare, Mutare, Zimbabwe
| | - Timothy M. Shields
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jailos Lubinda
- grid.414659.b0000 0000 8828 1230Telethon Kids Institute, Malaria Atlas Project, Nedlands, WA Australia
| | - Kelly Searle
- grid.17635.360000000419368657School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Lovemore Gwanzura
- grid.418347.d0000 0004 8265 7435Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Shungu Munyati
- grid.418347.d0000 0004 8265 7435Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - William J. Moss
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
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Arisco NJ, Peterka C, Castro MC. Imported malaria definition and minimum data for surveillance. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17982. [PMID: 36289250 PMCID: PMC9605982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The mobility of malaria-infected individuals poses challenges to elimination campaigns by way of spreading parasite drug resistance, straining country-to-country collaboration, and making routine data collection difficult, especially in resource-poor settings. Nevertheless, no concerted effort has been made to develop a common framework to define the spatial and temporal components of an imported malaria case and recommend the minimum data needed to identify it. We conducted a scoping review of imported malaria literature from 2010 to 2020 which showed that definitions vary widely, and local capabilities of detecting importation are often restricted in low-income countries. Following this, we propose a common definition for imported malaria and the minimum data required to identify a case, depending on the country's capability of conducting an epidemiological investigation. Lastly, we utilize the proposed definition using data from Brazil to demonstrate both the feasibility and the importance of tracking imported cases. The case of Brazil highlights the capabilities of regular surveillance systems to monitor importation, but also the need to regularly use these data for informing local responses. Supporting countries to use regularly collected data and adopt a common definition is paramount to tackling the importation of malaria cases and achieving elimination goals set forth by the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Arisco
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cassio Peterka
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcia C Castro
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Fambirai T, Chimbari MJ, Ndarukwa P. Global Cross-Border Malaria Control Collaborative Initiatives: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12216. [PMID: 36231519 PMCID: PMC9566216 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Malaria remains a global disease of public health concern. Malaria control collaborative initiatives are widely being adopted to reduce malaria burden by various countries. This review sought to describe current and past cross-border malaria control initiatives focusing on key activities, outcomes and challenges. An exhaustive search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar and EBSCOhost using the following key words: cross-border malaria control, cross-border malaria elimination, bi-national malaria control and multinational malaria control, in combination with Boolean operators "AND" and "OR". Eleven studies satisfied the inclusion criteria for this review. The majority of collaborative initiatives have been formed within regional developmental and continental bodies with support from political leadership. The studies revealed that joint vector control, cases management, epidemiological data sharing along border regions as well as resource sharing and capacity building are some of the key collaborative initiatives being implemented globally. Collaborative initiatives have led to significant reduction in malaria burden and mortality. The majority of collaborative initiatives are underfunded and rely on donor support. We concluded that cross-border malaria collaborative initiatives have the capacity to reduce malaria burden and mortality along border regions; however, inadequate internal funding and over-reliance on donor funding remain the biggest threats to the survival of collaborative initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tichaona Fambirai
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Moses John Chimbari
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Pro Vice Chancellor’s Office, Main Campus, Great Zimbabwe University, Morning Side Drive, Masvingo P.O. Box 1235, Zimbabwe
| | - Pisirai Ndarukwa
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Main Campus, Bindura University of Science Education, Chimurenga Road off Trojan Road, Bindura P.O. Box 720, Zimbabwe
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Parent AA, Galindo MS, Lambert Y, Douine M. Combatting malaria disease among gold miners: a qualitative research within the Malakit project. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:6674364. [PMID: 36000529 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is endemic in French Guiana, in particular, where illegal gold mining activities take place. Gold miners travel from Brazil to remote camps in the Guiana forest to carry out mining activities, exposing themselves to the presumed contamination area. This article presents the results of a qualitative case study of the Malakit project, an intervention where health facilitators offer appropriate training and distribution of self-diagnosis and self-treatment kits to manage an episode of malaria at resting sites on the French Guiana borders. The objectives were: (i) Determine the contextual elements influencing the use of Malakit; (ii) Understand the way gold miners perceive Malakit; (iii) Identify the elements that are favorable and unfavorable to the use of Malakit; (iv4) Identify what can be improved in the project. The data were collected using three methods: on-site observation, semi-structured individual interviews (n = 26), and group interviews (n = 2). The results indicate that Malakit responds to the need for treatment and facilitates access to care. Gold miners say they trust the facilitators and receive accurate explanations, the kit is easy to use and carry, and explanations given are sufficient. Nonetheless, the results lead us to believe that contextual elements influence exposure to numerous risk factors and that malaria among gold miners working illegally in French Guiana is a question of social inequalities in health. Thus, malaria intervention practices such as Malakit cannot be carried out without considering the complexity generated by social inequalities in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- André-Anne Parent
- CReSP and Interactions Research Centre, School of Social Work, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Yann Lambert
- Centre hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Maylis Douine
- Centre hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
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Lambert Y, Galindo M, Suárez-Mutis M, Mutricy L, Sanna A, Garancher L, Cairo H, Hiwat H, Bordalo Miller J, Gomes JH, Marchesini P, Adenis A, Nacher M, Vreden S, Douine M. Tailoring Mobile Data Collection for Intervention Research in a Challenging Context: Development and Implementation in the Malakit Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e29856. [PMID: 35708763 PMCID: PMC9247814 DOI: 10.2196/29856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An interventional study named Malakit was implemented between April 2018 and March 2020 to address malaria in gold mining areas in French Guiana, in collaboration with Suriname and Brazil. This innovative intervention relied on the distribution of kits for self-diagnosis and self-treatment to gold miners after training by health mediators, referred to in the project as facilitators. Objective This paper aims to describe the process by which the information system was designed, developed, and implemented to achieve the monitoring and evaluation of the Malakit intervention. Methods The intervention was implemented in challenging conditions at five cross-border distribution sites, which imposed strong logistical constraints for the design of the information system: isolation in the Amazon rainforest, tropical climate, and lack of reliable electricity supply and internet connection. Additional constraints originated from the interaction of the multicultural players involved in the study. The Malakit information system was developed as a patchwork of existing open-source software, commercial services, and tools developed in-house. Facilitators collected data from participants using Android tablets with ODK (Open Data Kit) Collect. A custom R package and a dashboard web app were developed to retrieve, decrypt, aggregate, monitor, and clean data according to feedback from facilitators and supervision visits on the field. Results Between April 2018 and March 2020, nine facilitators generated a total of 4863 form records, corresponding to an average of 202 records per month. Facilitators’ feedback was essential for adapting and improving mobile data collection and monitoring. Few technical issues were reported. The median duration of data capture was 5 (IQR 3-7) minutes, suggesting that electronic data capture was not taking more time from participants, and it decreased over the course of the study as facilitators become more experienced. The quality of data collected by facilitators was satisfactory, with only 3.03% (147/4849) of form records requiring correction. Conclusions The development of the information system for the Malakit project was a source of innovation that mirrored the inventiveness of the intervention itself. Our experience confirms that even in a challenging environment, it is possible to produce good-quality data and evaluate a complex health intervention by carefully adapting tools to field constraints and health mediators’ experience. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03695770; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03695770
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Lambert
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Muriel Galindo
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Martha Suárez-Mutis
- Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Institute Oswaldo Cruz, Foundation Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Louise Mutricy
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Alice Sanna
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | | | - Hedley Cairo
- Malaria Program, Ministry of Health of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Helene Hiwat
- Malaria Program, Ministry of Health of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Jane Bordalo Miller
- Desenvolvimento, Prevenção, Acompanhamento e Cooperação de Fronteiras, Oiapoque, Brazil
| | | | - Paola Marchesini
- Malaria Technical Group, Vector Transmissible and Zoonotic Diseases Coordination, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Antoine Adenis
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Stephen Vreden
- Foundation for Scientific Research Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Maylis Douine
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
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Wangdi K, Wetzler E, Marchesini P, Villegas L, Canavati S. Cross-border malaria drivers and risk factors on the Brazil–Venezuela border between 2016 and 2018. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6058. [PMID: 35411064 PMCID: PMC9001644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, cross-border importation of malaria has become a challenge to malaria elimination. The border areas between Brazil and Venezuela have experienced high numbers of imported cases due to increased population movement and migration out of Venezuela. This study aimed to identify risk factors for imported malaria and delineate imported malaria hotspots in Roraima, Brazil and Bolivar, Venezuela between 2016 and 2018. Data on malaria surveillance cases from Roraima, Brazil and Bolivar, Venezuela from 2016 to 2018 were obtained from national surveillance systems: the Brazilian Malaria Epidemiology Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Malaria), the Venezuelan Ministry of Health and other non-government organizations. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors for imported malaria. Spatial autocorrelation in malaria incidence was explored using Getis-Ord (Gi*) statistics. During the study period, there were 11,270 (24.3%) and 4072 (0.7%) imported malaria cases in Roraima, Brazil and Bolivar, Venezuela, respectively. In the multivariable logistic regression for Roraima, men were 28% less likely to be an imported case compared to women (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.665, 0.781). Ages 20–29 and 30–39 were 90% (AOR = 1.90; 95% CI 1.649, 2.181) and 54% (AOR = 1.54; 95% CI 1.331, 1.782) more likely to be an imported case compared to the 0–9 year age group, respectively. Imported cases were 197 times (AOR = 197.03; 95% CI 175.094, 221.712) more likely to occur in miners than those working in agriculture and domestic work. In Bolivar, cases aged 10–19 (AOR = 1.75; 95% CI 1.389, 2.192), 20–29 (AOR = 2.48; 95% CI 1.957, 3.144), and 30–39 (AOR = 2.29; 95% CI 1.803, 2.913) were at higher risk of being an imported case than those in the 0–9 year old group, with older age groups having a slightly higher risk compared to Roraima. Compared to agriculture and domestic workers, tourism, timber and fishing workers (AOR = 6.38; 95% CI 4.393, 9.254) and miners (AOR = 7.03; 95% CI 4.903, 10.092) were between six and seven times more likely to be an imported case. Spatial analysis showed the risk was higher along the international border in the municipalities of Roraima, Brazil. To achieve malaria elimination, cross-border populations in the hotspot municipalities will need targeted intervention strategies tailored to occupation, age and mobility status. Furthermore, all stakeholders, including implementers, policymakers, and donors, should support and explore the introduction of novel approaches to address these hard-to-reach populations with the most cost-effective interventions.
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11
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Palma-Cuero M, Machado MB, Graça JTB, Anjos NBD, Pereira RS, Suárez-Mutis MC. Malaria at international borders: challenges for elimination on the remote Brazil-Peru border. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2022; 64:e29. [PMID: 35384960 PMCID: PMC8993150 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202264029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding local epidemiology is essential to reduce the burden of malaria in
complex contexts, such as Brazilian municipalities that share borders with
endemic countries. A descriptive study of malaria in the period 2003 to 2020 was
conducted using data from the Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance Information
System related to a remote municipality with an extensive border with Peru to
understand the disease transmission, focusing on the obstacles to its
elimination. The transmission increases at the end of the rainy season. During
the period of 18 years, 53,575 malaria cases were reported (Mean of API 224.7
cases/1,000), of which 11% were imported from Peru. Thirteen outbreaks of
malaria were observed during the studied period, the last one in 2018. The
highest burden of cases was caused by P. vivax (73.2%), but
P. falciparum was also prevalent at the beginning of the
study period (50% in 2006). Several changes in the epidemiological risk were
observed: (1) the proportion of international imported cases of malaria changed
from 30.7% in 2003 to 3.5% in 2020 (p<0.05); (2) indigenous people affected
increased from 24.3% in 2003 to 89.5% in 2020 (p<0.0001); (3) infected
children and adolescents < 15 years old increased from 50.2% in 2003 to 67.4%
in 2020 (p<0.01); (4) the proportion of men decreased from 56.7% in 2003 to
50.4% in 2020 (p<0.01); (5) the likelihood of P. falciparum
malaria has significantly declined (p<0.01). The number of cases and the
incidence of malaria in 2019 and 2020 were the lowest in the period of 18 years.
The burden of malaria in indigenous areas and its determinants, seasonality,
geographical access and the long international border are obstacles for the
elimination of malaria that must be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Palma-Cuero
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Myrna Barata Machado
- Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas Dra Rosemary Costa Pinto, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Santos Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martha Cecilia Suárez-Mutis
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Laporta GZ, Grillet ME, Rodovalho SR, Massad E, Sallum MAM. Reaching the malaria elimination goal in Brazil: a spatial analysis and time-series study. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:39. [PMID: 35382896 PMCID: PMC8981179 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-00945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since 2015, the Global Technical Strategy (GTS) for Malaria 2016–2030 has been adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a comprehensive framework to accelerate progress for malaria elimination in endemic countries. This strategy sets the target of reducing global malaria incidence and mortality rates by 90% in 2030. Here it is sought to evaluate Brazil’s achievements towards reaching the WHO GTS milestone in 2030. Considering the total number of new malaria cases in 2015, the main research question is: will Brazil reach the malaria elimination goal in 2030? Methods Analytical strategies were undertaken using the SIVEP-malaria official databases of the Brazilian Malaria Control Programme for the Brazilian Amazon region from 2009 to 2020. Spatial and time-series analyses were applied for identifying municipalities that support the highest numbers of malaria cases over the years. Forecast analysis was used for predicting the estimated number of new cases in Brazil in 2025–2050. Results Brazil has significantly reduced the number of new malaria cases in 2020 in comparison with 2015 in the states of Acre (− 56%), Amapá (− 75%), and Amazonas (− 21%); however, they increased in the states of Pará (156%), Rondônia (74%), and Roraima (362%). Forecast of the predicted number of new malaria cases in 2030 is 74,764 (95% CI: 41,116–141,160) in the Brazilian Amazon. Conclusions It is likely that Brazil will reduce the number of new malaria cases in the Brazilian Amazon in 2030 in relation to that in 2015. Herein forecast shows a reduction by 46% (74,754 in 2030 forecast/137,982 in 2015), but this reduction is yet far from the proposed reduction under the WHO GTS 2030 milestone (90%). Stable and unbeatable transmission in the Juruá River Valley, Manaus, and Lábrea still support endemic malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. Today’s cross-border malaria is impacting the state of Roraima unprecedently. If this situation is maintained, the malaria elimination goal (zero cases) may not be reached before 2050. An enhanced political commitment is vital to ensure optimal public health intervention designs in the post-2030 milestones for malaria elimination. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40249-022-00945-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Zorello Laporta
- Graduate Research and Innovation Program, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Eugenia Grillet
- Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Institute of Zoology and Tropical Ecology, School of Sciences, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Sheila Rodrigues Rodovalho
- Technical Unit of Transmissible Diseases and Current Health Assessment, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Massad
- School of Applied Mathematics, Getulio Vargas Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Anice Mureb Sallum
- Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Tu H, Feng J, Yu C, Lin K, Peiyu W, Shaomi X, Lingyun L, Jian L. Asymptomatic malaria infection at the China-Vietnam border: Knowledge and implications for the cross-border migrant population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 47:102307. [PMID: 35276354 PMCID: PMC8902057 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Eliminating malaria along the China-Vietnam border remains one of the greatest challenges in China, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has disrupted the continuity of malaria control and elimination programs. Understanding the factors associated with asymptomatic malaria infection will inform control interventions aimed at elimination of the disease among migrants from Vietnam working in China, who constitute an at-risk population. Methods From March 2018 to September 2019, 108 migrants from Vietnam working in Ningming County, Guangxi, were enrolled in this study. Each person was interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected and sent for PCR detection and sequencing. The obtained sequences were analyzed using the BLAST program and DNAMAN software. Results The proportion of participants with malaria knowledge was low, with 19.4% (21/108) reporting knowledge about transmission, 23.2% (25/108) reporting knowledge about clinical symptoms, 7.4% (8/108) reporting awareness of the risk of death and 14.8% (16/108) reporting awareness of prevention methods. No significant difference in the malaria knowledge rate was found among occupational groups, except in the migrant worker group, whose knowledge rate was higher than those in the other occupational groups (χ2 = 32.452, p < 0.001). Although most of the participants (80.6%, 87/108) owned mosquito nets, only approximately half of the participants (49.1%, 53/108) reported using bed nets. The parasitological analysis revealed that 5.6% (6/108) of all the participants were positive for malaria, including 5 participants with Plasmodium falciparum and 1 participant with Plasmodium vivax malaria. There were no statistically significant differences in the positivity rates among the different age, sex, family-size, nationality, occupational, and behavior groups. The positivity rates in individuals who did not use mosquito nets, did not use mosquito coils, and did not install mosquito nets were 4.8% (1/21), 6.8% (3/44), and 3.6% (2/55), respectively. Conclusion Health education focused on high-risk populations, such as migrant workers and forest goers, should be strengthened. Verbal communication and information transmission via the internet, radio, and mobile phone platforms may be required during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further risk assessments and proactive case detection should also be performed in Ningming County and other border counties in Guangxi to detect active and asymptomatic infections in a timely manner and prevent re-establishment of the disease in these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jun Feng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Chenghang Yu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Kangming Lin
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Wang Peiyu
- Ningming County Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Ningming, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xiang Shaomi
- Ningming County Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Ningming, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Luo Lingyun
- Ningming County Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Ningming, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Li Jian
- Ningming County Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Ningming, Guangxi, PR China
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Roh ME, Lausatianragit K, Chaitaveep N, Jongsakul K, Sudathip P, Raseebut C, Tabprasit S, Nonkaew P, Spring M, Arsanok M, Boonyarangka P, Sriwichai S, Sai-Ngam P, Chaisatit C, Pokpong P, Prempree P, Rossi S, Feldman M, Wojnarski M, Bennett A, Gosling R, Jearakul D, Lausatianragit W, Smith PL, Martin NJ, Lover AA, Fukuda MM. Civilian-military malaria outbreak response in Thailand: an example of multi-stakeholder engagement for malaria elimination. Malar J 2021; 20:458. [PMID: 34876133 PMCID: PMC8650387 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In April 2017, the Thai Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) was alerted to a potential malaria outbreak among civilians and military personnel in Sisaket Province, a highly forested area bordering Cambodia. The objective of this study was to present findings from the joint civilian-military outbreak response. METHODS A mixed-methods approach was used to assess risk factors among cases reported during the 2017 Sisaket malaria outbreak. Routine malaria surveillance data from January 2013 to March 2018 obtained from public and military medical reporting systems and key informant interviews (KIIs) (n = 72) were used to develop hypotheses about potential factors contributing to the outbreak. Joint civilian-military response activities included entomological surveys, mass screen and treat (MSAT) and vector control campaigns, and scale-up of the "1-3-7" reactive case detection approach among civilians alongside a pilot "1-3-7" study conducted by the Royal Thai Army (RTA). RESULTS Between May-July 2017, the monthly number of MoPH-reported cases surpassed the epidemic threshold. Outbreak cases detected through the MoPH mainly consisted of Thai males (87%), working as rubber tappers (62%) or military/border police (15%), and Plasmodium vivax infections (73%). Compared to cases from the previous year (May-July 2016), outbreak cases were more likely to be rubber tappers (OR = 14.89 [95% CI: 5.79-38.29]; p < 0.001) and infected with P. vivax (OR=2.32 [1.27-4.22]; p = 0.006). Themes from KIIs were congruent with findings from routine surveillance data. Though limited risk factor information was available from military cases, findings from RTA's "1-3-7" study indicated transmission was likely occurring outside military bases. Data from entomological surveys and MSAT campaigns support this hypothesis, as vectors were mostly exophagic and parasite prevalence from MSAT campaigns was very low (range: 0-0.7% by PCR/microscopy). CONCLUSIONS In 2017, an outbreak of mainly P. vivax occurred in Sisaket Province, affecting mainly military and rubber tappers. Vector control use was limited to the home/military barracks, indicating that additional interventions were needed during high-risk forest travel periods. Importantly, this outbreak catalyzed joint civilian-military collaborations and integration of the RTA into the national malaria elimination strategy (NMES). The Sisaket outbreak response serves as an example of how civilian and military public health systems can collaborate to advance national malaria elimination goals in Southeast Asia and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Roh
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Institute of Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | | | - Nithinart Chaitaveep
- Royal Thai Army, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krisada Jongsakul
- US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prayuth Sudathip
- Division of Vector Borne Disease, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Chatree Raseebut
- Office of Disease Prevention and Control 10, Ministry of Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand
| | - Sutchana Tabprasit
- Royal Thai Army, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasert Nonkaew
- Office of Disease Prevention and Control 10, Ministry of Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand
| | - Michele Spring
- US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Montri Arsanok
- US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parat Boonyarangka
- US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sabaithip Sriwichai
- US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyaporn Sai-Ngam
- US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaiyaporn Chaisatit
- US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peerapol Pokpong
- Royal Thai Army, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preecha Prempree
- Division of Vector Borne Disease, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Sara Rossi
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Institute of Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mitra Feldman
- US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mariusz Wojnarski
- US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Adam Bennett
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Institute of Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Roly Gosling
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Institute of Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Danai Jearakul
- Office of Disease Prevention and Control 10, Ministry of Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand
| | | | - Philip L Smith
- US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicholas J Martin
- US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andrew A Lover
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark M Fukuda
- US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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Odonne G, Musset L, Cropet C, Philogene B, Gaillet M, Tareau MA, Douine M, Michaud C, Davy D, Epelboin L, Lazrek Y, Brousse P, Travers P, Djossou F, Mosnier E. When local phytotherapies meet biomedicine. Cross-sectional study of knowledge and intercultural practices against malaria in Eastern French Guiana. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114384. [PMID: 34217796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In French Guiana, traditional phytotherapies are an important part of self-healthcare, however, a precise understanding of the interactions between local phytotherapies and biomedicine is lacking. Malaria is still endemic in the transition area between French Guiana and Brazil, and practices of self-treatment, although difficult to detect, have possible consequences on the outcome of public health policies. AIM OF THE STUDY The objectives of this research were 1) to document occurences of co-medication (interactions between biomedicine and local phytotherapies) against malaria around Saint-Georges de l'Oyapock (SGO), 2) to quantify and to qualify plant uses against malaria, 3) and to discuss potential effects of such co-medications, in order to improve synergy between community efforts and public health programs in SGO particularly, and in Amazonia more broadly. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 in SGO. Inhabitants of any age and nationality were interviewed using a questionnaire (122 questions) about their knowledge and habits regarding malaria, and their use of plants to prevent and treat it. They were invited to show their potential responses on a poster illustrating the most common antimalarial plants used in the area. In order to correlate plant uses and malaria epidemiology, all participants subsequently received a medical examination, and malaria detection was performed by Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). RESULTS A total of 1566 inhabitants were included in the study. Forty-six percent of them declared that they had been infected by malaria at least once, and this rate increased with age. Every person who reported that they had had malaria also indicated that they had taken antimalarial drugs (at least for the last episode), and self-medication against malaria with pharmaceuticals was reported in 142 cases. A total of 550 plant users was recorded (35.1% of the interviewed population). Among them 95.5% associated pharmaceuticals to plants. All plants reported to treat malaria were shared by every cultural group around SGO, but three plants were primarily used by the Palikur: Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus aurantifolia and Siparuna guianensis. Two plants stand out among those used by Creoles: Eryngium foetidum and Quassia amara, although the latter is used by all groups and is by far the most cited plant by every cultural group. Cultivated species accounts for 91.3% of the use reports, while wild taxa account for only 18.4%. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that residents of SGO in French Guiana are relying on both traditional phytotherapies and pharmaceutical drugs to treat malaria. This medical pluralism is to be understood as a form of pragmatism: people are collecting or cultivating plants for medicinal purposes, which is probably more congruent with their respective cultures and highlights the wish for a certain independence of the care process. A better consideration of these practices is thus necessary to improve public health response to malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Odonne
- UMR 3456 LEEISA (Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens), CNRS, Université de Guyane, IFREMER, Cayenne, French Guiana.
| | - L Musset
- Laboratoire de parasitologie, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Pôle Zones Endémiques, WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 avenue Pasteur, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - C Cropet
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane - Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, rue des flamboyants, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - B Philogene
- DAAC NGO, Saint Georges de l'Oyapock, French Guiana
| | - M Gaillet
- Pôle santé publique Recherche, Coordination des Centres délocalisés de prévention et de soin, Centre hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - M-A Tareau
- UMR 3456 LEEISA (Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens), CNRS, Université de Guyane, IFREMER, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - M Douine
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane - Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, rue des flamboyants, Cayenne, French Guiana; TBIP, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL (Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille), Université de Guyane, Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - C Michaud
- Pôle santé publique Recherche, Coordination des Centres délocalisés de prévention et de soin, Centre hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - D Davy
- UMR 3456 LEEISA (Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens), CNRS, Université de Guyane, IFREMER, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - L Epelboin
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane - Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, rue des flamboyants, Cayenne, French Guiana; Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Y Lazrek
- Laboratoire de parasitologie, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Pôle Zones Endémiques, WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 avenue Pasteur, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - P Brousse
- Pôle santé publique Recherche, Coordination des Centres délocalisés de prévention et de soin, Centre hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - P Travers
- Pôle santé publique Recherche, Coordination des Centres délocalisés de prévention et de soin, Centre hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - F Djossou
- Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - E Mosnier
- Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana; SESSTIM (Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale), Aix Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, Marseille, France
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de Thoisy B, Duron O, Epelboin L, Musset L, Quénel P, Roche B, Binetruy F, Briolant S, Carvalho L, Chavy A, Couppié P, Demar M, Douine M, Dusfour I, Epelboin Y, Flamand C, Franc A, Ginouvès M, Gourbière S, Houël E, Kocher A, Lavergne A, Le Turnier P, Mathieu L, Murienne J, Nacher M, Pelleau S, Prévot G, Rousset D, Roux E, Schaub R, Talaga S, Thill P, Tirera S, Guégan JF. Ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of zoonotic and vector-borne infectious diseases in French Guiana: Transdisciplinarity does matter to tackle new emerging threats. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 93:104916. [PMID: 34004361 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
French Guiana is a European ultraperipheric region located on the northern Atlantic coast of South America. It constitutes an important forested region for biological conservation in the Neotropics. Although very sparsely populated, with its inhabitants mainly concentrated on the Atlantic coastal strip and along the two main rivers, it is marked by the presence and development of old and new epidemic disease outbreaks, both research and health priorities. In this review paper, we synthetize 15 years of multidisciplinary and integrative research at the interface between wildlife, ecosystem modification, human activities and sociodemographic development, and human health. This study reveals a complex epidemiological landscape marked by important transitional changes, facilitated by increased interconnections between wildlife, land-use change and human occupation and activity, human and trade transportation, demography with substantial immigration, and identified vector and parasite pharmacological resistance. Among other French Guianese characteristics, we demonstrate herein the existence of more complex multi-host disease life cycles than previously described for several disease systems in Central and South America, which clearly indicates that today the greater promiscuity between wildlife and humans due to demographic and economic pressures may offer novel settings for microbes and their hosts to circulate and spread. French Guiana is a microcosm that crystallizes all the current global environmental, demographic and socioeconomic change conditions, which may favor the development of ancient and future infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît de Thoisy
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana.
| | - Olivier Duron
- UMR MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche en Écologie et Évolution de la Santé, Montpellier, France
| | - Loïc Epelboin
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Lise Musset
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Centre Collaborateur OMS Pour La Surveillance Des Résistances Aux Antipaludiques, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Pôle zones Endémiques, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Philippe Quénel
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR-S 1085 Rennes, France
| | - Benjamin Roche
- UMR MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche en Écologie et Évolution de la Santé, Montpellier, France
| | - Florian Binetruy
- UMR MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, UMR Vecteurs - Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Agathe Chavy
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Pierre Couppié
- Dermatology Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Magalie Demar
- TBIP, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Maylis Douine
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Département de Santé Globale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Yanouk Epelboin
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Claude Flamand
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana; Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Alain Franc
- UMR BIOGECO, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, Cestas, France; Pleiade, EPC INRIA-INRAE-CNRS, Université de Bordeaux Talence, France
| | - Marine Ginouvès
- TBIP, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Gourbière
- UMR 5096 Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Emeline Houël
- CNRS, UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, Cirad, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, France
| | - Arthur Kocher
- Transmission, Infection, Diversification & Evolution Group, Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany; Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Lavergne
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Paul Le Turnier
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôtel Dieu - INSERM CIC 1413, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Luana Mathieu
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR-S 1085 Rennes, France
| | - Jérôme Murienne
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Stéphane Pelleau
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR-S 1085 Rennes, France; Malaria: Parasites and Hosts, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ghislaine Prévot
- TBIP, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Rousset
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Emmanuel Roux
- ESPACE-DEV (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de la Réunion, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; International Joint Laboratory "Sentinela" Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Universidade de Brasília, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Rio de Janeiro RJ-21040-900, Brazil
| | - Roxane Schaub
- TBIP, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana; Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Stanislas Talaga
- UMR MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Pauline Thill
- Service Universitaire des Maladies Infectieuses et du Voyageur, Centre Hospitalier Dron, Tourcoing, France
| | - Sourakhata Tirera
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Jean-François Guégan
- UMR MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Centre IRD de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; UMR ASTRE, INRAE, CIRAD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-border malaria is a major barrier to elimination efforts. Along the Venezuela-Brazil-Guyana border, intense human mobility fueled primarily by a humanitarian crisis and illegal gold mining activities has increased the occurrence of cross-border cases in Brazil. Roraima, a Brazilian state situated between Venezuela and Guyana, bears the greatest burden. This study analyses the current cross-border malaria epidemiology in Northern Brazil between the years 2007 and 2018. METHODS De-identified data on reported malaria cases in Brazil were obtained from the Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance Information System for the years 2007 to 2018. Pearson's Chi-Square test of differences was utilized to assess differences between characteristics of cross-border cases originating from Venezuela and Guyana, and between border and transnational cases. A logistic regression model was used to predict imported status of cases. RESULTS Cross-border cases from Venezuela and Guyana made up the majority of border and transnational cases since 2012, and Roraima remained the largest receiving state for cross-border cases over this period. There were significant differences in the profiles of border and transnational cases originating from Venezuela and Guyana, including type of movement and nationality of patients. Logistic regression results demonstrated Venezuelan and Guyanese nationals, Brazilian miners, males, and individuals of working age had heightened odds of being an imported case. Furthermore, Venezuelan citizens had heightened odds of seeking care in municipalities adjacent Venezuela, rather than transnational municipalities. CONCLUSIONS Cross-border malaria contributes to the malaria burden at the Venezuela-Guyana-Brazil border. The identification of distinct profiles of case importation provides evidence on the need to strengthen surveillance at border areas, and to deploy tailored strategies that recognize different mobility routes, such as the movement of refuge-seeking individuals and of Brazilians working in mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Arisco
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building 1, Room 1002A, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Cassio Peterka
- Diretoria de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde Do DF, Brasília, DF, 70390-125, Brazil
| | - Marcia C Castro
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building 1, Room 1002A, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Mosnier E, Dusfour I, Lacour G, Saldanha R, Guidez A, Gomes MS, Sanna A, Epelboin Y, Restrepo J, Davy D, Demar M, Djossou F, Douine M, Ardillon V, Nacher M, Musset L, Roux E. Resurgence risk for malaria, and the characterization of a recent outbreak in an Amazonian border area between French Guiana and Brazil. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:373. [PMID: 32456698 PMCID: PMC7249302 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2017, inhabitants along the border between French Guiana and Brazil were affected by a malaria outbreak primarily due to Plasmodium vivax (Pv). While malaria cases have steadily declined between 2005 and 2016 in this Amazonian region, a resurgence was observed in 2017. METHODS Two investigations were performed according to different spatial scales and information details: (1) a local study on the French Guiana border, which enabled a thorough investigation of malaria cases treated at a local village health center and the entomological circumstances in the most affected neighborhood, and (2) a regional and cross-border study, which enabled exploration of the regional spatiotemporal epidemic dynamic. Number and location of malaria cases were estimated using French and Brazilian surveillance systems. RESULTS On the French Guianese side of the border in Saint-Georges de l'Oyapock, the attack rate was 5.5% (n = 4000), reaching 51.4% (n = 175) in one Indigenous neighborhood. Entomological findings suggest a peak of Anopheles darlingi density in August and September. Two female An. darlingi (n = 1104, 0.18%) were found to be Pv-positive during this peak. During the same period, aggregated data from passive surveillance conducted by Brazilian and French Guianese border health centers identified 1566 cases of Pv infection. Temporal distribution during the 2007-2018 period displayed seasonal patterns with a peak in November 2017. Four clusters were identified among epidemic profiles of cross-border area localities. All localities of the first two clusters were Brazilian. The localization of the first cluster suggests an onset of the outbreak in an Indigenous reservation, subsequently expanding to French Indigenous neighborhoods and non-Native communities. CONCLUSIONS The current findings demonstrate a potential increase in malaria cases in an area with otherwise declining numbers. This is a transborder region where human mobility and remote populations challenge malaria control programs. This investigation illustrates the importance of international border surveillance and collaboration for malaria control, particularly in Indigenous villages and mobile populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Mosnier
- Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, rue des flamboyants, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana. .,Aix Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France.
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Unité Contrôle et Adaptation des Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 avenue Pasteur, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Guillaume Lacour
- Unité Contrôle et Adaptation des Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 avenue Pasteur, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana.,, Altopictus, 67 avenue Maréchal Juin, 64200, Biarritz, France
| | - Raphael Saldanha
- LIS, ICICT, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; International Join Laboratory Sentinela, IRD, Fiocruz, University of Brasília, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amandine Guidez
- Unité Contrôle et Adaptation des Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 avenue Pasteur, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Margarete S Gomes
- Superintendência de Vigilância em Saúde do Amapá (SVS-AP), Av. 13 de Setembro, 1889 - Buritizal, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Alice Sanna
- Agence Régionale de la Santé, 66 rue des flamboyants, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Yanouk Epelboin
- Unité Contrôle et Adaptation des Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 avenue Pasteur, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Johana Restrepo
- Service d'Entomologie de la Direction Démoustication et Actions Sanitaires, collectivité Térritoriale de Guyane, carrefour de suzini 4179 route de montabo, 97307, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Damien Davy
- LEEISA (Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens), CNRS, Université de Guyane, IFREMER, 275 route de Montabo, 97300, Cayenne, France
| | - Magalie Demar
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, rue des flamboyants, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana.,Université de Guyane, EA3593 Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Félix Djossou
- Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, rue des flamboyants, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Maylis Douine
- Université de Guyane, EA3593 Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Cayenne, French Guiana.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane - Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, rue des flamboyants, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Vanessa Ardillon
- CIRE Guyane, 66 rue des flamboyants, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane - Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, rue des flamboyants, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Lise Musset
- Laboratoire de parasitologie, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Pôle Zones Endémiques, WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 avenue Pasteur, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Emmanuel Roux
- ESPACE-DEV, IRD, Universités de Montpellier, de La Réunion, de la Guyane, des Antilles, Montpellier, France: LIS, ICICT, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,International Join Laboratory Sentinela, IRD, Fiocruz, University of Brasília, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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