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Santi L, Berger M, Guimarães JA, Calegari-Alves YP, Vainstein MH, Yates JR, Beys-da-Silva WO. Proteomic profile of Cryptococcus gattii biofilm: Metabolic shift and the potential activation of electron chain transport. J Proteomics 2024; 290:105022. [PMID: 37838096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Cryptococcus gattii is a primary pathogenic fungus that causes pneumonia. This species is also responsible for an outbreak in Vancouver, Canada, and spreading to the mainland and United States. The use of medical devices is often complicated by infections with biofilm-forming microbes with increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and host defense mechanisms. This study investigated the comparative proteome of C. gattii R265 (VGIIa) grown under planktonic and biofilm conditions. A brief comparison with C. neoformans H99 biofilm and the use of different culture medium and surface were also evaluated. Using Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT), 1819 proteins were identified for both conditions, where 150 (8.2%) were considered differentially regulated (up- or down-regulated and unique in biofilm cells). Overall, the proteomic approach suggests that C. gattii R265 biofilm cells are maintained by the induction of electron transport chain for reoxidation, and by alternative energy metabolites, such as succinate and acetate. SIGNIFICANCE: Since C. gattii is considered a primary pathogen and is one of the most virulent and less susceptible to antifungals, understanding how biofilms are maintained is fundamental to search for new targets to control this important mode of growth that is difficult to eradicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucélia Santi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Center of Experimental Research, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Markus Berger
- Center of Experimental Research, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Tick-Pathogen Transmission Unit, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Jorge A Guimarães
- Center of Experimental Research, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Yohana Porto Calegari-Alves
- Post-Graduation Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marilene H Vainstein
- Post-Graduation Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Walter O Beys-da-Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Center of Experimental Research, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Santos-Gandelman J, Rodrigues ML, Machado Silva A. Future perspectives for cryptococcosis treatment. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 28:625-634. [PMID: 30084284 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1503252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cryptococcosis is one of the most devastating human fungal infections. Despite its impact, none of the standard antifungals were developed after 1990. New, improved, less toxic, affordable and widely available treatment is, therefore, imperative. AREAS COVERED This review offers an insight into technological developments for cryptococcosis disclosed in patent literature. From a broad search of patent documents claiming cryptococcosis treatment and having earliest priority between 1995 and 2015, we selected and summarized compounds/molecules (i) revealed in documents disclosing in vivo activity against Cryptococcus spp. or (ii) found in the pipeline of companies that appeared as assignees in our patent search. This information was complemented with data on compounds under development for this indication from the database Integrity (Clarivate Analytics). EXPERT OPINION This review demonstrates that drug development against cryptococcosis is discrete. However, it also shows that the existing development is not focused on a single class of molecules, but on different types of molecules with distinct fungal targets, reflecting the complexity of generating novel anti-cryptococcal tools. Given the intrinsic difficulties and high costs of drug development and the evident market failure in this field, we consider drug repurposing the most promising avenue for cryptococcosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Santos-Gandelman
- a Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação em Doenças Negligenciadas (INCT-IDN), Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS) , Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro/RJ , Brazil
| | - Márcio Lourenço Rodrigues
- b Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC) , Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz. Rua Prof , Algacyr Munhoz Mader, Curitiba/PR , Brazil.,c Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ , Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro/RJ , Brazil
| | - Alice Machado Silva
- a Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação em Doenças Negligenciadas (INCT-IDN), Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS) , Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro/RJ , Brazil.,d Instituto René Rachou , Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Minas , Av. Augusto de Lima, Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
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3
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Rodrigues ML. Neglected disease, neglected populations: the fight against Cryptococcus and cryptococcosis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:e180111. [PMID: 29668824 PMCID: PMC5909085 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760180111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Albuquerque PC, Castro MJC, Santos-Gandelman J, Oliveira AC, Peralta JM, Rodrigues ML. Bibliometric Indicators of the Zika Outbreak. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005132. [PMID: 28103326 PMCID: PMC5245782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila C. Albuquerque
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauro Jorge C. Castro
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Santos-Gandelman
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Associação Brasileira das Indústrias de Química Fina, Biotecnologia e suas Especialidades–Abifina, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José M. Peralta
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcio L. Rodrigues
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Rodrigues ML. Funding and Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations: The Paradox of Cryptococcal Meningitis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004429. [PMID: 26964103 PMCID: PMC4786104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcio L. Rodrigues
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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6
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Benaducci T, Sardi JDCO, Lourencetti NMS, Scorzoni L, Gullo FP, Rossi SA, Derissi JB, de Azevedo Prata MC, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Virulence of Cryptococcus sp. Biofilms In Vitro and In Vivo using Galleria mellonella as an Alternative Model. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:290. [PMID: 27014214 PMCID: PMC4783715 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii are fungal pathogens that are most commonly found in infections of the central nervous system, which cause life-threatening meningoencephalitis and can grow as a biofilm. Biofilms are structures conferring protection and resistance of microorganism to the antifungal drugs. This study compared the virulence of planktonic and biofilm cells of C. neoformans and C. gattii in Galleria mellonella model, as well as, the quantification of gene transcripts LAC1, URE1, and CAP59 by real time PCR. All three of the genes showed significantly increased expressions in the biofilm conditions for two species of Cryptococcus, when compared to planktonic cells. C. neoformans and C. gattii cells in the biofilm forms were more virulent than the planktonic cells in G. mellonella. This suggests that the biofilm conditions may contribute to the virulence profile. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the agents of cryptococcosis in the host-yeast aspects of the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Benaducci
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Janaina de C O Sardi
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Natalia M S Lourencetti
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P Gullo
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Suélen A Rossi
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline B Derissi
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Ana M Fusco-Almeida
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria J S Mendes-Giannini
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Brazil
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COLOMBO ANACAROLINE, RODRIGUES MARCIOL. Fungal colonization of the brain: anatomopathological aspects of neurological cryptococcosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 87:1293-309. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201520140704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain infection by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans results in an estimated 500,000 human deaths per annum. Colonization of the central nervous system (CNS) by C. neoformans causes different clinical syndromes that involve interaction of a number of fungal components with distinct brain cells. In this manuscript, our literature review confirmed the notion that the Cryptococcus field is expanding rapidly, but also suggested that studies on neuropathogenesis still represent a small fraction of basic research activity in the field. We therefore discussed anatomical and physiological aspects of the brain during infection by C. neoformans, in addition to mechanisms by which brain resident cells interact with the fungus. This review suggests that multiple efforts are necessary to improve the knowledge on how C. neoformans affects brain cells, in order to enable the generation of new therapeutic tools in a near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- ANA CAROLINE COLOMBO
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - MARCIO L. RODRIGUES
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil
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Goldman GH, Brown NA. Fungal biology in Brazil. Fungal Genet Biol 2013; 60:1. [PMID: 24237686 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo and National Laboratory of Science and Technology of Bioethanol (CTBE), Brazil.
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Springer DJ, Saini D, Byrnes EJ, Heitman J, Frothingham R. Development of an aerosol model of Cryptococcus reveals humidity as an important factor affecting the viability of Cryptococcus during aerosolization. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69804. [PMID: 23894542 PMCID: PMC3720958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus is an emerging global health threat that is annually responsible for over 1,000,000 infections and one third of all AIDS patient deaths. There is an ongoing outbreak of cryptococcosis in the western United States and Canada. Cryptococcosis is a disease resulting from the inhalation of the infectious propagules from the environment. The current and most frequently used animal infection models initiate infection via liquid suspension through intranasal instillation or intravenous injection. These models do not replicate the typically dry nature of aerosol exposure and may hinder our ability to decipher the initial events that lead to clearance or the establishment of infection. We have established a standardized aerosol model of murine infection for the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus. Aerosolized cells were generated utilizing a Collison nebulizer in a whole-body Madison Chamber at different humidity conditions. The aerosols inside the chamber were sampled using a BioSampler to determine viable aerosol concentration and spray factor (ratio of viable aerosol concentration to total inoculum concentration). We have effectively delivered yeast and yeast-spore mixtures to the lungs of mice and observed the establishment of disease. We observed that growth conditions prior to exposure and humidity within the Madison Chamber during exposure can alter Cryptococcus survival and dose retained in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Springer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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10
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Fonseca FL, Guimarães AJ, Kmetzsch L, Dutra FF, Silva FD, Taborda CP, Araujo GDS, Frases S, Staats CC, Bozza MT, Schrank A, Vainstein MH, Nimrichter L, Casadevall A, Rodrigues ML. Binding of the wheat germ lectin to Cryptococcus neoformans chitooligomers affects multiple mechanisms required for fungal pathogenesis. Fungal Genet Biol 2013; 60:64-73. [PMID: 23608320 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The principal capsular component of Cryptococcus neoformans, glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), interacts with surface glycans, including chitin-like oligomers. Although the role of GXM in cryptococcal infection has been well explored, there is no information on how chitooligomers affect fungal pathogenesis. In this study, surface chitooligomers of C. neoformans were blocked through the use of the wheat germ lectin (WGA) and the effects on animal pathogenesis, interaction with host cells, fungal growth and capsule formation were analyzed. Treatment of C. neoformans cells with WGA followed by infection of mice delayed mortality relative to animals infected with untreated fungal cells. This observation was associated with reduced brain colonization by lectin-treated cryptococci. Blocking chitooligomers also rendered yeast cells less efficient in their ability to associate with phagocytes. WGA did not affect fungal viability, but inhibited GXM release to the extracellular space and capsule formation. In WGA-treated yeast cells, genes that are involved in capsule formation and GXM traffic had their transcription levels decreased in comparison with untreated cells. Our results suggest that cellular pathways required for capsule formation and pathogenic mechanisms are affected by blocking chitin-derived structures at the cell surface of C. neoformans. Targeting chitooligomers with specific ligands may reveal new therapeutic alternatives to control cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda L Fonseca
- Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
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