1
|
Gleason LU, Fekete FJ, Tanner RL, Dowd WW. Multi-omics reveals largely distinct transcript- and protein-level responses to the environment in an intertidal mussel. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245962. [PMID: 37902141 PMCID: PMC10690110 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Organismal responses to stressful environments are influenced by numerous transcript- and protein-level mechanisms, and the relationships between expression changes at these levels are not always straightforward. Here, we used paired transcriptomic and proteomic datasets from two previous studies from gill of the California mussel, Mytilus californianus, to explore how simultaneous transcript and protein abundance patterns may diverge under different environmental scenarios. Field-acclimatized mussels were sampled from two disparate intertidal sites; individuals from one site were subjected to three further treatments (common garden, low-intertidal or high-intertidal outplant) that vary in temperature and feeding time. Assessing 1519 genes shared between the two datasets revealed that both transcript and protein expression patterns differentiated the treatments at a global level, despite numerous underlying discrepancies. There were far more instances of differential expression between treatments in transcript only (1451) or protein only (226) than of the two levels shifting expression concordantly (68 instances). Upregulated expression of cilium-associated transcripts (likely related to feeding) was associated with relatively benign field treatments. In the most stressful treatment, transcripts, but not proteins, for several molecular chaperones (including heat shock proteins and endoplasmic reticulum chaperones) were more abundant, consistent with a threshold model for induction of translation of constitutively available mRNAs. Overall, these results suggest that the relative importance of transcript- and protein-level regulation (translation and/or turnover) differs among cellular functions and across specific microhabitats or environmental contexts. Furthermore, the degree of concordance between transcript and protein expression can vary across benign versus acutely stressful environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lani U. Gleason
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Florian J. Fekete
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Richelle L. Tanner
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - W. Wesley Dowd
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Collins M, Clark MS, Truebano M. The environmental cellular stress response: the intertidal as a multistressor model. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:467-475. [PMID: 37129699 PMCID: PMC10469114 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The wild poses a multifaceted challenge to the maintenance of cellular function. Therefore, a multistressor approach is essential to predict the cellular mechanisms which promote homeostasis and underpin whole-organism tolerance. The intertidal zone is particularly dynamic, and thus, its inhabitants provide excellent models to assess mechanisms underpinning multistressor tolerance. Here, we critically review our current understanding of the regulation of the cellular stress response (CSR) under multiple abiotic stressors in intertidal organisms and consider to what extent a multistressor approach brings us closer to understanding responses in the wild. The function of the CSR has been well documented in laboratory and field exposures with a view to understanding single-stressor thermal effects. Multistressor studies still remain relatively limited in comparison but have applied three main approaches: (i) laboratory application of multiple stressors in isolation, (ii) multiple stressors applied in combination, and (iii) field-based correlation of multiple stressors against the CSR. The application of multiple stressors in isolation has allowed the identification of putative, shared stress pathways but overlooks non-additive stressor interactions on the CSR. Combined stressor studies are relatively limited in number but already highlight variable effects on the CSR dependent upon stressor type, timing, and magnitude. Field studies have allowed the identification of responsive components of the CSR to various stressors in situ but are correlative, not causative. A combined approach involving laboratory multistressor studies linking the CSR to whole-organism tolerance as well as field studies is required if we are to understand the role of the CSR in the natural environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Collins
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, UK
| | - Manuela Truebano
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pourmozaffar S, Tamadoni Jahromi S, Gozari M, Rameshi H, Gozari M, Pazir MK, Sarvi B, Abolfathi M, Nahavandi R. The first reporting of prevalence Vibrio species and expression of HSP genes in rayed pearl oyster (Pinctada radiata) under thermal conditions. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:108907. [PMID: 37348687 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the influence of thermal exposure on Vibrio population and HSP genes expression (HSP 90, HSP70, and HSP20) in rayed pearl oyster (P. radiata). To this end, the oysters were reared for 30 days at temperatures of 22 °C (control), 25 °C, 27 °C, and 29 °C. The results showed that five dominate Vibrio strains including Vibrio hepatarius, V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. rotiferianus were identified. The highest population of V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, and V. harveyi, was found in 29οC group. According to real-time PCR, mantle exhibited the highest expression levels of HSP20, HSP70, and HSP90 genes. A higher level of HSP20 expression was observed at high temperatures (25 °C, 27 °C, and 29 °C) in the gonad and mantle compared to the control group (22 °C) while decrease in HSP90 expression level was recorded in 25 °C, 27 °C, and 29 °C groups. HSP20 expression level in adductor muscle was remarkably down-regulated in 27 °C and 29 °C groups. In this tissue, HSP70 was detected at highest levels in the 29οC group. In mantle, HSP90 gene expression was lowest at 22 °C water temperature. Several Vibrio strains have been identified from pearl Gulf oyster that haven't been previously reported. The identification of dominant Vibrio species is essential for epidemiological management strategies to control and prevent Vibrio outbreaks in pearl oyster farms. The expression pattern of HSP genes differs in rayed pearl oyster tissues due to differences in their thermal tolerance capability and physiological and biological characteristics. The present study provides useful molecular information for the ecological adaptation of rayed pearl oysters after exposure to different temperature levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Pourmozaffar
- Persian Gulf Mollusks Research Station, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar-e-Lengeh, Iran.
| | - Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar-Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohsen Gozari
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar-Abbas, Iran
| | - Hossein Rameshi
- Persian Gulf Mollusks Research Station, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar-e-Lengeh, Iran
| | - Majid Gozari
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar-Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalil Pazir
- Iran Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr, Iran
| | - Behzad Sarvi
- Persian Gulf Mollusks Research Station, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar-e-Lengeh, Iran
| | - Marzieh Abolfathi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar-Abbas, Iran
| | - Reza Nahavandi
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
De Marco A, Baldassarro VA, Calzà L, Giardino L, Dondi F, Ferrari MG, Bignami G, Parma L, Bonaldo A. Prolonged heat waves reduce the condition index and alter the molecular parameters in the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 133:108518. [PMID: 36610607 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The entire shellfish farming sector is negatively affected by heat waves. Predictive models show that while heat waves are not predicted to exceed 28 °C in the northern Adriatic Sea over the coming decades, their duration will increase to periods of up to 30 days. Knowledge regarding the effects of heat waves on bivalves at physiological and molecular level is still limited. This study attempted to simulate what will happen in the future in Pacific oysters exposed to prolonged heat waves, assessing morphometric and physiological indices, and investigating the expression level of a number of genes, including the chaperone heat shock proteins HSP70, HSP72 and HSP90, and the factor P53. A state of stress in the heat wave-exposed animals was found, with loss of body weight and energy resources: despite showing a higher clearance rate, these animals were unable to absorb the nutrients required to maintain homeostasis, as well as demonstrating an alteration in hemolymphatic AST activity, total calcium and magnesium concentration. mRNA levels of all examined genes increased in response to thermal stress, with long-term overexpression, activating cell stress defense mechanisms and modulating the cycle cell. The results of this study indicate that heat waves affect oyster welfare, with consequences for the productivity of the sector due to the lack of salable products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonina De Marco
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Vito Antonio Baldassarro
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bignami
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Parma
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Bonaldo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nancollas SJ, Todgham AE. The influence of stochastic temperature fluctuations in shaping the physiological performance of the California mussel, Mytilus californianus. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:276100. [PMID: 35749162 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is forecasted to increase temperature variability and stochasticity. Most of our understanding of thermal physiology of intertidal organisms has come from laboratory experiments that acclimate organisms to submerged conditions and steady-state increases in temperatures. For organisms experiencing the ebb and flow of tides with unpredictable low tide aerial temperatures, the reliability of reported tolerances and thus predicted responses to climate change requires incorporation of environmental complexity into empirical studies. Using the mussel Mytilus californianus, our study examined how stochasticity of the thermal regime influences physiological performance. Mussels were acclimated to either submerged conditions or a tidal cycle that included either predictable, unpredictable or no thermal stress during daytime low tide. Physiological performance was measured through anaerobic metabolism, energy stores and cellular stress mechanisms just before low tide, and cardiac responses during a thermal ramp. Both air exposure and stochasticity of temperature change were important in determining thermal performance. Glycogen content was highest in the mussels from the unpredictable treatment, but there was no difference in the expression of heat shock proteins between thermal treatments, suggesting that mussels prioritise energy reserves to deal with unpredictable low tide conditions. Mussels exposed to fluctuating thermal regimes had lower gill anaerobic metabolism, which could reflect increased metabolic capacity. Our results suggest that while thermal magnitude plays an important role in shaping physiological performance, other key elements of the intertidal environment complexity such as stochasticity, thermal variability, and thermal history are also important considerations for determining how species will respond to climate warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Nancollas
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Anne E Todgham
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Divergent physiological acclimation responses to warming between two co-occurring salamander species and implications for terrestrial survival. J Therm Biol 2022; 106:103228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Somero GN. The Goldilocks Principle: A Unifying Perspective on Biochemical Adaptation to Abiotic Stressors in the Sea. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2022; 14:1-23. [PMID: 34102065 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-022521-102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability of marine organisms to thrive over wide ranges of environmental stressors that perturb structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids illustrates the effectiveness of adaptation at the biochemical level. A critical role of these adaptations is to achieve a proper balance between structural rigidity, which is necessary for maintaining three-dimensional conformation, and flexibility, which is required to allow changes in conformation during function. The Goldilocks principle refers to this balancing act, wherein structural stability and functional properties are poised at values that are just right for the environment the organism faces. Achieving this balance involves changes in macromolecular sequence and adaptive change in the composition of the aqueous or lipid milieu in which macromolecules function. This article traces the development of the field of biochemical adaptation throughout my career and shows how comparative studies of marine animals from diverse habitats have shed light on fundamental properties of life common to all organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George N Somero
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California 93950, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dong YW, Liao ML, Han GD, Somero GN. An integrated, multi-level analysis of thermal effects on intertidal molluscs for understanding species distribution patterns. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:554-581. [PMID: 34713568 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the physiological mechanisms that underlie thermal stress and discovering how species differ in capacities for phenotypic acclimatization and evolutionary adaptation to this stress is critical for understanding current latitudinal and vertical distribution patterns of species and for predicting their future state in a warming world. Such mechanistic analyses require careful choice of study systems (species and temperature-sensitive traits) and design of laboratory experiments that reflect the complexities of in situ conditions. Here, we critically review a wide range of studies of intertidal molluscs that provide mechanistic accounts of thermal effects across all levels of biological organization - behavioural, organismal, organ level, cellular, molecular, and genomic - and show how temperature-sensitive traits govern distribution patterns and capacities for coping with thermal stress. Comparisons of congeners from different thermal habitats are especially effective means for identifying adaptive variation. We employ these mechanistic analyses to illustrate how species differ in the severity of threats posed by rising temperature. Counterintuitively, we show that some of the most heat-tolerant species may be most threatened by increases in temperatures because of their small thermal safety margins and minimal abilities to acclimatize to higher temperatures. We discuss recent molecular biological and genomic studies that provide critical foundations for understanding the types of evolutionary changes in protein structure, RNA secondary structure, genome content, and gene expression capacities that underlie adaptation to temperature. Duplication of stress-related genes, as found in heat-tolerant molluscs, may provide enhanced capacity for coping with higher temperatures. We propose that the anatomical, behavioural, physiological, and genomic diversity found among intertidal molluscs, which commonly are of critical importance and high abundance in these ecosystems, makes this group of animals a highly appropriate study system for addressing questions about the mechanistic determinants of current and future distribution patterns of intertidal organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wei Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Ming-Ling Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Guo-Dong Han
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - George N Somero
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, 93950, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Waite HR, Sorte CJB. Negative carry-over effects on larval thermal tolerances across a natural thermal gradient. Ecology 2021; 103:e03565. [PMID: 34674265 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Under climate change, marine organisms will need to tolerate or adapt to increasing temperatures to persist. The ability of populations to cope with thermal stress may be influenced by conditions experienced by parents, by both genetic changes and transgenerational phenotypic plasticity through epigenetics or maternal provisioning. In organisms with complex life cycles, larval stages are particularly vulnerable to stress. Positive parental carry-over effects occur if more stressful parental environments yield more tolerant offspring while the opposite pattern leads to negative carry-over effects. This study evaluated the role of parental effects in determining larval thermal tolerances for the intertidal mussel, Mytilus californianus. We tested whether thermal environments across a natural gradient (shoreline elevation) impacted mussel temperature tolerances. Lethal thermal limits were compared for field-collected adults and their larvae. We observed parental effects across one generation, in which adult mussels exposed to warmer habitats yielded less tolerant offspring. Interestingly, although parental environments influenced offspring tolerances, we found no clear effects of habitat conditions on adult phenotypes (tolerances). We found indicators of trade-offs in energy investment, with higher reproductive condition and larger egg diameters in low stress environments. These results suggest that parental effects are negative, leading to possible adverse effects of thermal stress on the next generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi R Waite
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697-2525, USA
| | - Cascade J B Sorte
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697-2525, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang W, Dong Y. Membrane lipid metabolism, heat shock response and energy costs mediate the interaction between acclimatization and heat-hardening response in the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:272389. [PMID: 34499178 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermal plasticity on different time scales, including acclimation/acclimatization and heat-hardening response - a rapid adjustment for thermal tolerance after non-lethal thermal stress, can interact to improve the resilience of organisms to thermal stress. However, little is known about physiological mechanisms mediating this interaction. To investigate the underpinnings of heat-hardening responses after acclimatization in warm seasons, we measured thermal tolerance plasticity, and compared transcriptomic and metabolomic changes after heat hardening at 33 or 37°C followed by recovery of 3 or 24 h in an intertidal bivalve Sinonovacula constricta. Clams showed explicit heat-hardening responses after acclimatization in a warm season. The higher inducing temperature (37°C) caused less effective heat-hardening effects than the inducing temperature that was closer to the seasonal maximum temperature (33°C). Metabolomic analysis highlighted the elevated content of glycerophospholipids in all heat-hardened clams, which may help to maintain the structure and function of the membrane. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) tended to be upregulated after heat hardening at 37°C but not at 33°C, indicating that there was no complete dependency of heat-hardening effects on upregulated HSPs. Enhanced energy metabolism and decreased energy reserves were observed after heat hardening at 37°C, suggesting more energy costs during exposure to a higher inducing temperature, which may restrict heat-hardening effects. These results highlight the mediating role of membrane lipid metabolism, heat shock responses and energy costs in the interaction between heat-hardening response and seasonal acclimatization, and contribute to the mechanistic understanding of evolutionary change and thermal plasticity during global climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.,Institute of Animal Genetic Resource, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yunwei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mincarelli LF, Rotchell JM, Chapman EC, Turner AP, Wollenberg Valero KC. Consequences of combined exposure to thermal stress and the plasticiser DEHP in Mytilus spp. differ by sex. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 170:112624. [PMID: 34146859 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the combined effect of environmental factors and contaminants on commercially important marine species, and whether this effect differs by sex. In this study, blue mussels were exposed for seven days to both single and combined stressors (i.e., +3 °C elevated temperature and two environmentally relevant concentrations of the plastic softener DEHP, 0.5 and 50 μg/l) in a factorial design. Males were observed to be more sensitive to high temperature, demonstrated by the significant increase in out-of-season spawning gonads and higher gene expression of the antioxidant catalase and the estrogen receptor genes. On the other hand, while the gametogenesis cycle in females was more resilient than in males, DEHP exposure altered the estrogen-related receptor gene expression. We show that the combined stressors DEHP and increased temperature, in environmentally relevant magnitudes, have different consequences in male and female mussels, with the potential to impact the timing and breeding season success in Mytilus spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeanette M Rotchell
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Emma C Chapman
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander P Turner
- Department of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, NG8 1BB, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Morash AJ, Speers-Roesch B, Andrew S, Currie S. The physiological ups and downs of thermal variability in temperate freshwater ecosystems. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1524-1535. [PMID: 33349944 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater fish face a variety of spatiotemporal thermal challenges throughout their life. On a broad scale, temperature is an important driver of physiological, behavioural and ecological patterns and ultimately affects populations and overall distribution. These broad patterns are partly underpinned by the small-scale local effects of temperature on individuals within the population. Climate change is increasing the range of daily thermal variation in most freshwater ecosystems, altering behaviour and performance of resident fishes. The aim of this review is understanding how daily thermal variation in temperate rivers affects individual fish physiology, behaviour and overall performance. The following are highlighted in this study: (a) the physical characteristics of rivers that can either buffer or exacerbate thermal variability, (b) the effects of thermal variability on growth and metabolism, (c) the approaches for quantifying thermal variation and thermal stress and (d) how fish may acclimatize or adapt to our changing climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Morash
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Ben Speers-Roesch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Sean Andrew
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Suzanne Currie
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Clark MS, Peck LS, Thyrring J. Resilience in Greenland intertidal Mytilus: The hidden stress defense. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144366. [PMID: 33434840 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic is experiencing particularly rapid rates of warming, consequently invasive boreal species are now able to survive the less extreme Arctic winter temperatures. Whilst persistence of intertidal and terrestrial species in the Arctic is primarily determined by their ability to tolerate the freezing winters, air temperatures in the Arctic summer can reach 36 °C in the intertidal, which is beyond the upper thermal limits of many marine species. This is normally lethal for the conspicuous ecosystem engineer Mytilus edulis. Transcriptomic analyses were undertaken on both in situ collected and experimentally warmed animals to understand whether M. edulis is able to tolerate these very high summer temperatures. Surprisingly there was no significant enrichment for Gene Ontology terms (GO) when comparing the inner and outer fjord intertidal animals with outer fjord subtidal (control) animals, representing animals collected at 27 °C, 19 °C and 3 °C respectively. This lack of differentiation indicated a wide acclimation ability in this species. Conversely, significant enrichment for processes such as signal transduction, cytoskeleton and cellular protein modification was identified in the expression profiles of the 22 °C and 32 °C experimentally heated animals. This difference in gene expression between in situ collected and experimentally warmed animals was almost certainly due to the former being acclimated to a fluctuating, but predictable, temperature regime, which has increased their thermal tolerances. Interestingly, there was no evidence for enrichment of the classical cellular stress response in any of the animals sampled. Identification of a massive expansion of the HSPA12 heat shock protein 70 kDa gene family presented the possibility of these genes acting as intertidal regulators underpinning thermal resilience. This expansion has resulted in a modified cellular stress response, as an evolutionary adaptation to the rigour of the invasive intertidal life style. Thus, M. edulis appear to have considerable capacity to withstand the current rates of Arctic warming, and the very large attendant thermal variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.
| | - Lloyd S Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Jakob Thyrring
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 4200 - 6270 University Blvd., V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Bioscience - Marine Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg 8600, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Riddell E, Sears MW. Terrestrial Salamanders Maintain Habitat Suitability under Climate Change despite Trade-Offs between Water Loss and Gas Exchange. Physiol Biochem Zool 2021; 93:310-319. [PMID: 32501189 DOI: 10.1086/709558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Physiological acclimation has the potential to improve survival during climate change by reducing sensitivity to warming. However, acclimation can produce trade-offs due to links between related physiological traits. Water loss and gas exchange are intrinsically linked by the need for respiratory surfaces to remain moist. As climates warm and dry, organisms may attempt to lower desiccation risk by limiting water loss but at a cost of inhibiting their ability to breathe. Here we used laboratory experiments to evaluate the trade-off between water loss and gas exchange in a fully terrestrial, lungless salamander (Plethodon metcalfi). We measured acclimation of resistance to water loss and metabolic rates in response to long-term exposure to temperature and humidity treatments. We then integrated the trade-off into a simulation-based species distribution model to determine the consequences of ignoring physiological trade-offs on energy balance and aerobic scope under climate change. In the laboratory, we found a close association between acclimation of resistance to water loss and metabolic rates indicative of a trade-off. After incorporating the trade-off into our simulations, we found that energy balance and aerobic scope were reduced by 49.7% and 34.3%, respectively, under contemporary climates across their geographic range. Under future warming scenarios, incorporating the trade-off lowered the number of sites predicted to experience local extirpation by 52.2% relative to simulations without the trade-off; however, the number of sites capable of supporting the energetic requirements for reproduction declined from 44.6% to 32.6% across the species' geographic range. These experiments and simulations suggest that salamanders can maintain positive energy balance across their geographic range under climate change despite the costs associated with trade-offs between water loss and gas exchange.
Collapse
|
15
|
Davis JE, Kolozsvary MB, Pajerowska-Mukhtar KM, Zhang B. Toward a Universal Theoretical Framework to Understand Robustness and Resilience: From Cells to Systems. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.579098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Research across a range of biological subdisciplines and scales, ranging from molecular to ecosystemic, provides ample evidence that living systems generally exhibit both a degree of resistance to disruption and an ability to recover following disturbance. Not only do mechanisms of robustness and resilience exist across and between systems, but those mechanisms exhibit ubiquitous and scalable commonalities in pattern and function. Mechanisms such as redundancy, plasticity, interconnectivity, and coordination of subunits appear to be crucial internal players in the determination of stability. Similarly, factors external to the system such as the amplitude, frequency, and predictability of disruptors, or the prevalence of key limiting resources, may constrain pathways of response. In the face of a rapidly changing environment, there is a pressing need to develop a common framework for describing, assessing, and predicting robustness and resilience within and across living systems.
Collapse
|
16
|
Moyen NE, Crane RL, Somero GN, Denny MW. A single heat-stress bout induces rapid and prolonged heat acclimation in the California mussel, Mytilus californianus. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20202561. [PMID: 33290677 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is not only causing steady increases in average global temperatures but also increasing the frequency with which extreme heating events occur. These extreme events may be pivotal in determining the ability of organisms to persist in their current habitats. Thus, it is important to understand how quickly an organism's heat tolerance can be gained and lost relative to the frequency with which extreme heating events occur in the field. We show that the California mussel, Mytilus californianus-a sessile intertidal species that experiences extreme temperature fluctuations and cannot behaviourally thermoregulate-can quickly (in 24-48 h) acquire improved heat tolerance after exposure to a single sublethal heat-stress bout (2 h at 30 or 35°C) and then maintain this improved tolerance for up to three weeks without further exposure to elevated temperatures. This adaptive response improved survival rates by approximately 75% under extreme heat-stress bouts (2 h at 40°C). To interpret these laboratory findings in an ecological context, we evaluated 4 years of mussel body temperatures recorded in the field. The majority (approx. 64%) of consecutive heat-stress bouts were separated by 24-48 h, but several consecutive heat bouts were separated by as much as 22 days. Thus, the ability of M. californianus to maintain improved heat tolerance for up to three weeks after a single sublethal heat-stress bout significantly improves their probability of survival, as approximately 33% of consecutive heat events are separated by 3-22 days. As a sessile animal, mussels likely evolved the capability to rapidly gain and slowly lose heat tolerance to survive the intermittent, and often unpredictable, heat events in the intertidal zone. This adaptive strategy will likely prove beneficial under the extreme heat events predicted with climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Moyen
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rachel L Crane
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - George N Somero
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark W Denny
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Boroda AV, Kipryushina YO, Odintsova NA. The effects of cold stress on Mytilus species in the natural environment. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:821-832. [PMID: 32297161 PMCID: PMC7591686 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01109-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stressors induce changes in marine mussels from molecular (e.g., neurotransmitter and chaperone concentration, and expression of immune- and heat-shock protein-related genes) to physiological (e.g., filtration and heart rates, the number of circulating hemocytes) levels. Temperature directly affects the biogeographic distribution of mussels. Chaperones might form an essential part of endogenous protective mechanisms for the adaptation of these animals to low temperatures in nature. Here, we review the available studies dealing with cold stress responses of Mytilidae family members in their natural environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Victorovich Boroda
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky St, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, 690041, Russia.
| | - Yulia Olegovna Kipryushina
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky St, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, 690041, Russia
| | - Nelly Adolphovna Odintsova
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky St, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, 690041, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Meng S, Delnat V, Stoks R. Mosquito larvae that survive a heat spike are less sensitive to subsequent exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114824. [PMID: 32454381 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While extreme high temperatures are an important aspect of global warming, their effects on organisms are relatively understudied, especially in ecotoxicology. Sequential exposure to heat spikes and pesticides is a realistic scenario as both are typically transient stressors and are expected to further increase in frequency under global warming. We tested the effects of exposure to a lethal heat spike and subsequently to an ecologically relevant lethal pulse exposure of the pesticide chlorpyrifos in the larvae of mosquito Culex pipiens. The heat spike caused direct and delayed mortality, and resulted in a higher heat tolerance and activity of acetylcholinesterase, and a lower fat content in the survivors. The chlorpyrifos exposure caused mortality, accelerated growth rate, and decreased the heat tolerance and the activity of acetylcholinesterase. The preceding heat spike did not change how chlorpyrifos reduced the heat tolerance. Notably, the preceding heat spike did lower the lethal effect of the pesticide, which makes an important novel finding at the interface of ecotoxicology and global change biology, and adds a new dimension to the "climate-induced toxicant sensitivity" (CITS) concept. This may be due to both survival selection and cross-tolerance, and therefore likely a widespread phenomenon. Our results emphasize the importance of including extreme high temperatures as an important transient global change stressor in ecotoxicology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shandong Meng
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Vienna Delnat
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Moyen NE, Somero GN, Denny MW. Mussel acclimatization to high, variable temperatures is lost slowly upon transfer to benign conditions. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb222893. [PMID: 32457061 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.222893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is increasing the temperature variability animals face, and thermal acclimatization allows animals to adjust adaptively to this variability. Although the rate of heat acclimatization has received some study, little is known about how long these adaptive changes remain without continuing exposure to heat stress. This study explored the rate at which field acclimatization states are lost when temperature variability is minimized during constant submersion. California mussels (Mytilus californianus) with different acclimatization states were collected from high- and low-zone sites (∼12 versus ∼5°C daily temperature ranges, respectively) and then kept submerged at 15°C for 8 weeks. Each week, the cardiac thermal performance of mussels was measured as a metric of acclimatization state: critical (Tcrit) and flatline (Tflat) temperatures were recorded. Over 8 weeks of constant submersion, the mean Tcrit of high-zone mussels decreased by 1.07°C from baseline, but low-zone mussels' mean Tcrit was unchanged. High- and low-zone mussels' mean maximum heart rate (HR) and resting HR decreased ∼12 and 35%, respectively. Tflat was unchanged in both groups. These data suggest that Tcrit and HR are more physiologically plastic in response to the narrowing of an animal's daily temperature range than Tflat is, and that an animal's prior acclimatization state (high versus low) influences the acclimatory capacity of Tcrit Approximately 2 months were required for the cardiac thermal performance of the high-zone mussels to reach that of the low-zone mussels, suggesting that acclimatization to high and variable temperatures may persist long enough to enable these animals to cope with intermittent bouts of heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Moyen
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 94305, USA
| | - George N Somero
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark W Denny
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Casas SM, La Peyre JF. Heat shock protein 70 levels and post-harvest survival of eastern oysters following sublethal heat shock in the laboratory or conditioning in the field. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:369-378. [PMID: 31916124 PMCID: PMC7058772 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A major problem of storing and shipping eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from the Northern Gulf of Mexico in summer and early fall is their elevated mortality. A study was therefore conducted to determine whether heat shocking the oysters or conditioning them to aerial exposure prior to harvest could reduce their mortality during cold storage. Increasing the levels of stress proteins in bivalves has been shown to reduce their mortality when exposed to additional stressors. In this study, the levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) proteins and cumulative mortality during cold storage, out of water, of market-sized oysters were measured, in summer, following (1) sublethal heat shocks (41 °C, 1 h) in the laboratory or (2) 3 weeks to 6 weeks of daily exposures to air (0 h, ~ 10 h, or ~ 18 h) in the field. In total, four heat shock and two aerial exposure studies were done. Consistently, heat shocks or 6 weeks of daily aerial exposures increased HSP70 levels in oysters but did not reduce their mortality during cold storage. Three weeks of daily aerial exposure did not increase HSP70 levels and only marginally reduced mortality; a significant reduction in cumulative mortality occurred in one of the aerial exposure studies after 7 days of cold storage (0 h [26%], ~ 18 h [8%]). In conclusion, upregulation of HSP70 proteins or aerial exposure during grow-out was not an effective tool in reducing the mortality of oysters harvested in summer and held in cold storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Casas
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Jerome F La Peyre
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Somero GN. The cellular stress response and temperature: Function, regulation, and evolution. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 333:379-397. [PMID: 31944627 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The cellular stress response (CSR) is critical for enabling organisms to cope with thermal damage to proteins, nucleic acids, and membranes. It is a graded response whose properties vary with the degree of cellular damage. Molecular damage has positive, as well as negative, function-perturbing effects. Positive effects include crucial regulatory interactions that orchestrate involvement of the different components of the CSR. Thermally unfolded proteins signal for rapid initiation of transcription of genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs), central elements of the heat shock response (HSR). Thermal disruption of messenger RNA (mRNA) secondary structures in untranslated regions leads to the culling of the mRNA pool: thermally labile mRNAs for housekeeping proteins are degraded by exonucleases; heat-resistant mRNAs for stress proteins like HSPs then can monopolize the translational apparatus. Thus, proteins and RNA function as "cellular thermometers," and evolved differences in their thermal stabilities enable rapid initiation of the CSR whenever cell temperature rises significantly above the normal thermal range of a species. Covalent DNA damage, which may result from increased production of reactive oxygen species, is temperature-dependent; its extent may determine cellular survival. High levels of stress that exceed capacities for molecular repair can lead to proteolysis, inhibition of cell division, and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Onset of these processes may occur later in the stress period, after initiation of the HSR, to allow HSPs opportunity to restore protein homeostasis. Delay of these energy costly processes may also result from shortfalls in availability of adenosine triphosphate and reducing power during times of peak stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George N Somero
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Seuront L, Nicastro KR, Zardi GI, Goberville E. Decreased thermal tolerance under recurrent heat stress conditions explains summer mass mortality of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17498. [PMID: 31767954 PMCID: PMC6877631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme events such as heat waves have increased in frequency and duration over the last decades. Under future climate scenarios, these discrete climatic events are expected to become even more recurrent and severe. Heat waves are particularly important on rocky intertidal shores, one of the most thermally variable and stressful habitats on the planet. Intertidal mussels, such as the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, are ecosystem engineers of global ecological and economic importance, that occasionally suffer mass mortalities. This study investigates the potential causes and consequences of a mass mortality event of M. edulis that occurred along the French coast of the eastern English Channel in summer 2018. We used an integrative, climatological and ecophysiological methodology based on three complementary approaches. We first showed that the observed mass mortality (representing 49 to 59% of the annual commercial value of local recreational and professional fisheries combined) occurred under relatively moderate heat wave conditions. This result indicates that M. edulis body temperature is controlled by non-climatic heat sources instead of climatic heat sources, as previously reported for intertidal gastropods. Using biomimetic loggers (i.e. ‘robomussels’), we identified four periods of 5 to 6 consecutive days when M. edulis body temperatures consistently reached more than 30 °C, and occasionally more than 35 °C and even more than 40 °C. We subsequently reproduced these body temperature patterns in the laboratory to infer M. edulis thermal tolerance under conditions of repeated heat stress. We found that thermal tolerance consistently decreased with the number of successive daily exposures. These results are discussed in the context of an era of global change where heat events are expected to increase in intensity and frequency, especially in the eastern English Channel where the low frequency of commercially exploitable mussels already questions both their ecological and commercial sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Seuront
- CNRS, Univ. Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F 62930, Wimereux, France. .,Department of Marine Energy and Resource, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan. .,Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
| | - Katy R Nicastro
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciencias do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Eric Goberville
- BOREA, Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, CNRS 7208, IRD 207, 43 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Climate warming reduces the reproductive advantage of a globally invasive intertidal mussel. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
24
|
Stillman JH. Heat Waves, the New Normal: Summertime Temperature Extremes Will Impact Animals, Ecosystems, and Human Communities. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 34:86-100. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00040.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A consequence of climate change is the increased frequency and severity of extreme heat waves. This is occurring now as most of the warmest summers and most intense heat waves ever recorded have been during the past decade. In this review, I describe the ways in which animals and human populations are likely to respond to increased extreme heat, suggest how to study those responses, and reflect on the importance of those studies for countering the devastating impacts of climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon H. Stillman
- Estuary and Ocean Science Center and Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fang Z, Sun Y, Zhang X, Wang G, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z. Responses of HSP70 Gene to Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection and Thermal Stress and Its Transcriptional Regulation Analysis in Haliotis diversicolor. Molecules 2019; 24:E162. [PMID: 30609869 PMCID: PMC6337134 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a molecular chaperone that plays critical roles in cell protein folding and metabolism, which helps to protect cells from unfavorable environmental stress. Haliotis diversicolor is one of the most important economic breeding species in the coastal provinces of south China. To date, the expression and transcriptional regulation of HSP70 in Haliotis diversicolor (HdHSP70) has not been well characterized. In this study, the expression levels of HdHSP70 gene in different tissues and different stress conditions were detected. The results showed that the HdHSP70 gene was ubiquitously expressed in sampled tissues and was the highest in hepatopancreas, followed by hemocytes. In hepatopancreas and hemocytes, the HdHSP70 gene was significantly up-regulated by Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, thermal stress, and combined stress (Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection and thermal stress combination), indicating that HdHSP70 is involved in the stress response and the regulation of innate immunity. Furthermore, a 2383 bp of 5'-flanking region sequence of the HdHSP70 gene was cloned, and it contains a presumed core promoter region, a CpG island, a (TG)39 simple sequence repeat (SSR), and many potential transcription factor binding sites. The activity of HdHSP70 promoter was evaluated by driving the expression of luciferase gene in HEK293FT cells. A series of experimental results indicated that the core promoter region is located between -189 bp and +46 bp, and high-temperature stress can increase the activity of HdHSP70 promoter. Sequence-consecutive deletions of the luciferase reporter gene in HEK293FT cells revealed two possible promoter activity regions. To further identify the binding site of the key transcription factor in the two regions, two expression vectors with site-directed mutation were constructed. The results showed that the transcriptional activity of NF-1 site-directed mutation was significantly increased (p < 0.05), whereas the transcriptional activity of NF-κB site-directed mutation was significantly reduced. These results suggest that NF-1 and NF-κB may be two important transcription factors that regulate the expression of HdHSP70 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yulong Sun
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Guodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yuting Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Moyen NE, Somero GN, Denny MW. Impact of heating rate on cardiac thermal tolerance in the California mussel, Mytilus californianus. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.203166. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.203166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intertidal communities of wave-swept rocky shores have served as a powerful model system for experiments in ecology, and mussels (the dominant competitor for space in the mid-intertidal zone) play a central role in determining community structure in this physically stressful habitat. Consequently, our ability to account for mussels’ physiological responses to thermal stress affects ecologists’ abilities to predict the impacts of a warming climate on this ecosystem. Here, we examine the effect of heating rate on cardiac thermal tolerance in the ribbed mussel, Mytilus californianus, comparing populations from high and low sites in the intertidal zone where emersion duration leads to different mean daily heating rates. Two temperature-related cardiac variables were examined: 1) the critical temperature (Hcrit) at which heart rate (HR) precipitously declines, and 2) flatline temperature (FLT) where HR reaches zero. Mussels were heated in air at slow, moderate, and fast rates, and heart rate was measured via an infrared sensor affixed to the shell. Faster heating rates significantly increased Hcrit in high-, but not low-zone mussels, and Hcrit was higher in high vs. - mussels, especially at the fastest heating rate. By contrast, FLT did not differ between zones, and was minimally affected by heating rate. Since heating rate significantly impacted high- but not low-zone mussels’ cardiac thermal tolerance, realistic zone-specific heating rates must be used in laboratory tests if those tests are to provide accurate information for ecological models attempting to predict the effects of increasing temperature on intertidal communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E. Moyen
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, USA
| | - George N. Somero
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, USA
| | - Mark W. Denny
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pandori LLM, Sorte CJB. The weakest link: sensitivity to climate extremes across life stages of marine invertebrates. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L. M. Pandori
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California 321 Steinhaus Hall Irvine CA 92697‐2525 USA
| | - Cascade J. B. Sorte
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California 321 Steinhaus Hall Irvine CA 92697‐2525 USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Multifunctional behaviour in a sandy shore crab enhances performance in extreme intertidal environments. Oecologia 2018; 189:79-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
29
|
Kim H, Kim JS, Kim PJ, Won EJ, Lee YM. Response of antioxidant enzymes to Cd and Pb exposure in water flea Daphnia magna: Differential metal and age - Specific patterns. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 209:28-36. [PMID: 29625344 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To investigate oxidative stress responses to cadmium and lead, the freshwater water flea Daphnia magna was exposed to Cd and Pb for 48 h. Following treatment with sub-lethal concentrations, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, as well as modulation of multiple biomarker, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione (GSH) contents, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, antioxidant enzyme - coding genes (three GST isoforms, glutaredoxin [GRx], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], and thioredoxin [TRx]), and stress-response proteins (heat shock protein 70 [Hsp70] and Hsp90) were examined. The results showed that intracellular ROS level was not changed at 24 h, but reduced at 48 h. Levels of total GSH content were reduced by Cd, but highly induced by Pb. SOD and GST activities were stimulated 48 h after exposure to Cd and Pb. A significant modulation of oxidative stress marker genes was observed after exposure to each element with different expression patterns depending on the metal and developmental stages. In particular, the expression levels of GST-sigma, HSP70, and HSP90 genes were enhanced in Cd - and Pb - exposed neonates. These findings imply that oxidative stress markers appear to be actively involved in cellular protection against metal-induced oxidative stress in D. magna. This study would facilitate the understanding of the molecular response to Cd and Pb exposure in water fleas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haeyeon Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Kim
- Biosafety Research Team, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyoung-Joong Kim
- South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Marine Science and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
De-la-Re-Vega E, Sánchez-Paz A, Gallardo-Ybarra C, Lastra-Encinas MA, Castro-Longoria R, Grijalva-Chon JM, López-Torres MA, Maldonado-Arce AD. The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Hsp70 modulates the Ostreid herpes virus 1 infectivity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 71:127-135. [PMID: 28986219 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Ostreid herpes virus type 1 (OsHV-1) is one of the most devastating pathogen in oyster cultures. Among several factors, as food limitation, oxygen depletion, salinity and temperature variations, episodes of "summer mortality" of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas have also been associated with OsHV-1 infection. Mortalities of C. gigas spat and juveniles have increased significantly in Europe, and contemporary mortality records of this mollusk in México have been associated with the occurrence of OsHV-1. In the present study, the expression of the heat shock protein 70 gene from the Pacific oyster correlates with the abundance of DNA polymerase transcripts from the OsHV-1. This may suggest that the induction on the expression of the Pacific oyster hsp70 may potentially participate in the immune response against the virus. Furthermore, this study reports for the first time a TEM representative image of the OsHV-1 in aqueous solution, which possesses an icosahedral shape with a diameter of 70 nm × 100 nm. Finally, the examined sequence encoding the ORF4 of the OsHV-1 isolate from northwest Mexico showed specific sequence variations when compared with OsHV-1 isolates from distant geographical areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique De-la-Re-Vega
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora (DICTUS), 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Arturo Sánchez-Paz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Laboratorio de Referencia, Análisis y Diagnóstico en Sanidad Acuícola, Calle Hermosa 101, Col. Los Ángeles, CP 83106 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Carolina Gallardo-Ybarra
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora (DICTUS), 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Manuel Adolfo Lastra-Encinas
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora (DICTUS), 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Reina Castro-Longoria
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora (DICTUS), 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Grijalva-Chon
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora (DICTUS), 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio López-Torres
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora (DICTUS), 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kanamori Y, Fukaya K, Noda T. Seasonal changes in community structure along a vertical gradient: patterns and processes in rocky intertidal sessile assemblages. POPUL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-017-0596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
32
|
González-Fernández C, Albentosa M, Sokolova I. Interactive effects of nutrition, reproductive state and pollution on molecular stress responses of mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 131:103-115. [PMID: 28967508 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Marine bivalves including mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis are commonly used as sentinels for pollution monitoring and ecosystem health assessment in the coastal zones. Use of biomarkers to assess the pollution effects assumes that the effects of pollutants on the biomarkers exceed the natural background variability; yet this assumption has rarely been tested. We exposed mussels at different reproductive stages and nutritive states to two concentrations of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (fluoranthene, 3 and 60 μg L-1) for three weeks. Expression levels of the molecular biomarkers related to the detoxification and general stress response [cytochrome P450 oxidase (CYP450), glutathione S-transferases (GST-α; GST-S1; GST-S2), the multixenobiotic resistance protein P-glycoprotein (PgP), metallothioneins (MT10 and MT20), heat shock proteins (HSP22, HSP70-2; HSP70-3; HSP70-4), as well as mRNA expression of two reproduction-related genes, vitellogenin (Vitel) and vitelline coat lysin M7 (VCLM7)] were measured. The mussels' nutrition and reproductive state affected the baseline mRNA levels of molecular biomarkers and modulated the transcriptional responses of biomarker genes to the pollutant exposure. Thus, mussel physiological state could act as a confounding factor in the evaluation of the response of pollution through molecular biomarkers. The biomarker baseline levels must be determined across a range of physiological states to enable the use of biomarkers in monitoring programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen González-Fernández
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA; Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Varadero, 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Marina Albentosa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Varadero, 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Inna Sokolova
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA; Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Drake MJ, Miller NA, Todgham AE. The role of stochastic thermal environments in modulating the thermal physiology of an intertidal limpet, Lottia digitalis. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:3072-3083. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.159020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Much of our understanding of the thermal physiology of intertidal organisms comes from experiments with animals acclimated under constant conditions and exposed to a single heat stress. In nature, however, the thermal environment is more complex. Aerial exposure and the unpredictable nature of thermal stress during low tides may be critical factors in defining the thermal physiology of intertidal organisms. In the fingered limpet, Lottia digitalis, we investigated whether upper temperature tolerance and thermal sensitivity were influenced by the pattern of fluctuation with which thermal stress was applied. Specifically, we examined whether there was a differential response (measured as cardiac performance) to repeated heat stress of a constant and predictable magnitude compared with heat stress applied in a stochastic and unpredictable nature. We also investigated differences in cellular metabolism and damage following immersion for insights into biochemical mechanisms of tolerance. Upper temperature tolerance increased with aerial exposure, but no significant differences were found between predictable treatments of varying magnitudes (13°C versus 24°C versus 32°C). Significant differences in thermal tolerance were found between unpredictable trials with different heating patterns. There were no significant differences among treatments in basal citrate synthase activity, glycogen content, oxidative stress or antioxidants. Our results suggest that aerial exposure and recent thermal history, paired with relief from high low-tide temperatures, are important factors modulating the capacity of limpets to deal with thermal stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J. Drake
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nathan A. Miller
- Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA
| | - Anne E. Todgham
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bettencourt BR, Feder ME, Cavicchi S. EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION OF HSP70 EXPRESSION AND THERMOTOLERANCE IN
DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. Evolution 2017; 53:484-492. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb03783.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/1998] [Accepted: 10/20/1998] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Bettencourt
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy The University of Chicago 1027 East 57th Street Chicago Illinois 60637
| | - Martin E. Feder
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy The University of Chicago 1027 East 57th Street Chicago Illinois 60637
- The Committee on Evolutionary Biology The University of Chicago 1027 East 57th Street Chicago Illinois 60637
| | - Sandro Cavicchi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale Università di Bologna via F. Selmi, 3 40126 Bologna Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Helms Cahan S, Nguyen AD, Stanton-Geddes J, Penick CA, Hernáiz-Hernández Y, DeMarco BB, Gotelli NJ. Modulation of the heat shock response is associated with acclimation to novel temperatures but not adaptation to climatic variation in the ants Aphaenogaster picea and A. rudis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 204:113-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
36
|
Jimenez AG, Jayawardene S, Alves S, Dallmer J, Dowd WW. Micro-scale environmental variation amplifies physiological variation among individual mussels. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 282:20152273. [PMID: 26645201 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The contributions of temporal and spatial environmental variation to physiological variation remain poorly resolved. Rocky intertidal zone populations are subjected to thermal variation over the tidal cycle, superimposed with micro-scale variation in individuals' body temperatures. Using the sea mussel (Mytilus californianus), we assessed the consequences of this micro-scale environmental variation for physiological variation among individuals, first by examining the latter in field-acclimatized animals, second by abolishing micro-scale environmental variation via common garden acclimation, and third by restoring this variation using a reciprocal outplant approach. Common garden acclimation reduced the magnitude of variation in tissue-level antioxidant capacities by approximately 30% among mussels from a wave-protected (warm) site, but it had no effect on antioxidant variation among mussels from a wave-exposed (cool) site. The field-acclimatized level of antioxidant variation was restored only when protected-site mussels were outplanted to a high, thermally stressful site. Variation in organismal oxygen consumption rates reflected antioxidant patterns, decreasing dramatically among protected-site mussels after common gardening. These results suggest a highly plastic relationship between individuals' genotypes and their physiological phenotypes that depends on recent environmental experience. Corresponding context-dependent changes in the physiological mean-variance relationships within populations complicate prediction of responses to shifts in environmental variability that are anticipated with global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gabriela Jimenez
- Department of Biology, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045
| | - Sarah Jayawardene
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045
| | - Shaina Alves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045
| | - Jeremiah Dallmer
- Department of Biology, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045
| | - W Wesley Dowd
- Department of Biology, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Long-Term Acclimation to Different Thermal Regimes Affects Molecular Responses to Heat Stress in a Freshwater Clam Corbicula Fluminea. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39476. [PMID: 27995990 PMCID: PMC5171794 DOI: 10.1038/srep39476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Global climate change (GCC) can negatively affect freshwater ecosystems. However, the degree to which freshwater populations can acclimate to long-term warming and the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood. We used the cooling water discharge (CWD) area of a power plant as a model for long-term warming. Survival and molecular stress responses (expression of molecular chaperones, antioxidants, bioenergetic and protein synthesis biomarkers) to experimental warming (20–41 °C, +1.5 °C per day) were assessed in invasive clams Corbicula fluminea from two pristine populations and a CWD population. CWD clams had considerably higher (by ~8–12 °C) lethal temperature thresholds than clams from the pristine areas. High thermal tolerance of CWD clams was associated with overexpression of heat shock proteins HSP70, HSP90 and HSP60 and activation of protein synthesis at 38 °C. Heat shock response was prioritized over the oxidative stress response resulting in accumulation of oxidative lesions and ubiquitinated proteins during heat stress in CWD clams. Future studies should determine whether the increase in thermal tolerance in CWD clams are due to genetic adaptation and/or phenotypic plasticity. Overall, our findings indicate that C. fluminea has potential to survive and increase its invasive range during warming such as expected during GCC.
Collapse
|
38
|
Péden R, Rocher B, Chan P, Vaudry D, Poret A, Olivier S, Le Foll F, Bultelle F. Consequences of acclimation on the resistance to acute thermal stress: Proteomic focus on mussels from pristine site. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 121:64-73. [PMID: 26972988 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Climate change constitutes an additional threat for intertidal species that already have to cope with a challenging environment. The present study focuses on the blue mussel Mytilus edulis and aims at investigating the importance of thermal acclimation in heat stress response. Microcosm exposures were performed with mussels submitted to an identical acute thermal stress following two thermal summer acclimations standing for present or future temperature conditions. Gill proteomes were analyzed by 2DE and 96 differentially expressed proteoforms were identified. Our results show that cell integrity appears to be maintained by the rise in molecular protective systems (i.e. Heat Shock Proteins), and by the reallocation of energy production via a switch to anaerobic metabolism and the setting up of alternative energy pathways. Finally, our results indicate that the response of mussels to acute thermal stress is conditioned by the acclimation temperature with an improved response in organisms acclimated to higher temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Péden
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre University, Normandy University, France.
| | - Béatrice Rocher
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre University, Normandy University, France
| | - Philippe Chan
- Platform in Proteomics PISSARO IRIB, Rouen University, Normandy University, France
| | - David Vaudry
- Platform in Proteomics PISSARO IRIB, Rouen University, Normandy University, France; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differenciation and Communication, INSERM U982, Rouen University, Normandy University, France
| | - Agnès Poret
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre University, Normandy University, France
| | - Stéphanie Olivier
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre University, Normandy University, France
| | - Frank Le Foll
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre University, Normandy University, France
| | - Florence Bultelle
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre University, Normandy University, France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Connor KM, Sung A, Garcia NS, Gracey AY, German DP. Modulation of digestive physiology and biochemistry in Mytilus californianus in response to feeding level acclimation and microhabitat. Biol Open 2016; 5:1200-10. [PMID: 27402963 PMCID: PMC5051655 DOI: 10.1242/bio.019430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intertidal mussel Mytilus californianus is a critical foundation species that is exposed to fluctuations in the environment along tidal- and wave-exposure gradients. We investigated feeding and digestion in mussels under laboratory conditions and across environmental gradients in the field. We assessed whether mussels adopt a rate-maximization (higher ingestion and lower assimilation) or a yield-maximization acquisition (lower ingestion and higher assimilation) strategy under laboratory conditions by measuring feeding physiology and digestive enzyme activities. We used digestive enzyme activity to define resource acquisition strategies in laboratory studies, then measured digestive enzyme activities in three microhabitats at the extreme ends of the tidal- and wave-exposure gradients within a stretch of shore (<20 m) projected sea-ward. Our laboratory results indicated that mussels benefit from a high assimilation efficiency when food concentration is low and have a low assimilation efficiency when food concentration is high. Additionally, enzyme activities of carbohydrases amylase, laminarinase and cellulase were elevated when food concentration was high. The protease trypsin, however, did not increase with increasing food concentration. In field conditions, low-shore mussels surprisingly did not have high enzyme activities. Rather, high-shore mussels exhibited higher cellulase activities than low-shore mussels. Similarly, trypsin activity in the high-shore-wave-sheltered microhabitat was higher than that in high-shore-wave-exposed. As expected, mussels experienced increasing thermal stress as a function of reduced submergence from low to high shore and shelter from wave-splash. Our findings suggest that mussels compensate for limited feeding opportunities and thermal stress by modulating digestive enzyme activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwasi M Connor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Aaron Sung
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Nathan S Garcia
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Andrew Y Gracey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Donovan P German
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Oliveira IB, Groh KJ, Stadnicka-Michalak J, Schönenberger R, Beiras R, Barroso CM, Langford KH, Thomas KV, Suter MJF. Tralopyril bioconcentration and effects on the gill proteome of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:198-210. [PMID: 27295630 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antifouling (AF) systems are used worldwide as one of the most cost-effective ways of protecting submerged structures against heavy biofouling. The emergence of environmentally friendly AF biocides requires knowledge on their environmental fate and toxicity. In this study we measured the bioconcentration of the emerging AF biocide tralopyril (TP) in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and investigated the effects of TP on the mussel gill proteome following acute (2days) and chronic (30days) exposure, as well as after a 10-day depuration period. The experiments were carried out with 1μg/L TP; blank and solvent (5×10(-5)% DMSO) controls were also included. Proteomics analysis was performed by mass spectrometry-based multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT). Differentially expressed proteins were identified using a label-free approach based on spectral counts and G-test. Our results show that TP is rapidly accumulated by mussels at concentrations up to 362ng/g dw (whole tissues), reaching steady-state condition within 13days. Ten days of depuration resulted in 80% elimination of accumulated TP from the organism, suggesting that a complete elimination could be reached with longer depuration times. In total, 46 proteins were found to be regulated in the different exposure scenarios. Interestingly, not only TP but also DMSO alone significantly modulated the protein expression in mussel gills following acute and chronic exposure. Both compounds regulated proteins involved in bioenergetics, immune system, active efflux and oxidative stress, often in the opposite way. Alterations of several proteins, notably several cytoskeletal ones, were still observed after the depuration period. These may reflect either the continuing chemical effect due to incomplete elimination or an onset of recovery processes in the mussel gills. Our study shows that exposure of adult mussels to sublethal TP concentration results in the bioconcentration of this biocide in the tissues and modulates the expression of several proteins that may intervene in important metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel B Oliveira
- Biology department and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ECIMAT, University of Vigo, 36331 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ksenia J Groh
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Julita Stadnicka-Michalak
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - René Schönenberger
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Carlos M Barroso
- Biology department and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Kevin V Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marc J-F Suter
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Environmental Systems Science, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yang CY, Sierp MT, Abbott CA, Li Y, Qin JG. Responses to thermal and salinity stress in wild and farmed Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 201:22-29. [PMID: 27343357 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas was introduced from Japan to many countries in the world for oyster farming, resulting in the establishment of wild populations in intertidal zones and resource competition with local faunas. This study examined physiological responses of wild oysters and farmed oysters to thermal (15°C, 25°C, 37°C and 44°C) and salinity stress (39, 50 and 60ppt). The wild oysters produced more 72kDa heat shock proteins when the temperature increased from 15°C to 25°C and 37°C and the salinity increased from 39 to 50 and 60ppt. However, the amount of 69kDa heat shock protein was similar between farmed and wild oysters when the temperature increased from 15°C to the sublethal temperature 37°C, but it was lower in wild oysters than in farmed oysters when the temperature increased from 15°C to the lethal temperature 44°C. In the tissues, wild oysters used more glycogen to promote metabolic activities by increasing the level of AEC (adenylate energy charge). The results suggest that farmed oysters might have limited ability to cope with heat stress due to low energy reserve and glycolysis activity for HSP synthesis. This study provides experimental evidence on differential responses between wild and farmed oysters to temperature and salinity changes, leading to a better understanding on the pattern of distribution for invading oyster species in the marine environment and the adaptation of marine invertebrates to the threat of climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - M T Sierp
- Primary Industries and Regions, SA, 25 Grenfell Street, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - C A Abbott
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Yan Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - J G Qin
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Múgica M, Izagirre U, Marigómez I. Lysosomal responses to heat-shock of seasonal temperature extremes in Cd-exposed mussels. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 164:99-107. [PMID: 25938980 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at determining the effect of temperature extremes on lysosomal biomarkers in mussels exposed to a model toxic pollutant (Cd) at different seasons. For this purpose, temperature was elevated 10°C (from 12°C to 22°C in winter and from 18°C to 28°C in summer) for a period of 6h (heat-shock) in control and Cd-exposed mussels, and then returned back to initial one. Lysosomal membrane stability and lysosomal structural changes in digestive gland were investigated. In winter, heat-shock reduced the labilisation period (LP) of the lysosomal membrane, especially in Cd-exposed mussels, and provoked transient lysosomal enlargement. LP values recovered after the heat-shock cessation but lysosomal enlargement prevailed in both experimental groups. In summer, heat-shock induced remarkable reduction in LP and lysosomal enlargement (more markedly in Cd-exposed mussels), which recovered within 3 days. Besides, whilst heat-shock effects on LP were practically identical for Cd-exposed mussels in winter and summer, the effects were longer-lasting in summer than in winter for control mussels. Thus, lysosomal responsiveness after heat-shock was higher in summer than in winter but recovery was faster as well, and therefore the consequences of the heat shock seem to be more decisive in winter. In contrast, inter-season differences were attenuated in the presence of Cd. Consequently, mussels seem to be better prepared in summer than in winter to stand short periods of abrupt temperature change; this is, however, compromised when mussels are exposed to pollutants such as Cd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Múgica
- CBET Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Areatza, 48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - U Izagirre
- CBET Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Areatza, 48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - I Marigómez
- CBET Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Areatza, 48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dowd WW, King FA, Denny MW. Thermal variation, thermal extremes and the physiological performance of individuals. J Exp Biol 2015; 218:1956-67. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.114926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In this review we consider how small-scale temporal and spatial variation in body temperature, and biochemical/physiological variation among individuals, affect the prediction of organisms' performance in nature. For ‘normal’ body temperatures – benign temperatures near the species' mean – thermal biology traditionally uses performance curves to describe how physiological capabilities vary with temperature. However, these curves, which are typically measured under static laboratory conditions, can yield incomplete or inaccurate predictions of how organisms respond to natural patterns of temperature variation. For example, scale transition theory predicts that, in a variable environment, peak average performance is lower and occurs at a lower mean temperature than the peak of statically measured performance. We also demonstrate that temporal variation in performance is minimized near this new ‘optimal’ temperature. These factors add complexity to predictions of the consequences of climate change. We then move beyond the performance curve approach to consider the effects of rare, extreme temperatures. A statistical procedure (the environmental bootstrap) allows for long-term simulations that capture the temporal pattern of extremes (a Poisson interval distribution), which is characterized by clusters of events interspersed with long intervals of benign conditions. The bootstrap can be combined with biophysical models to incorporate temporal, spatial and physiological variation into evolutionary models of thermal tolerance. We conclude with several challenges that must be overcome to more fully develop our understanding of thermal performance in the context of a changing climate by explicitly considering different forms of small-scale variation. These challenges highlight the need to empirically and rigorously test existing theories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W. Wesley Dowd
- Loyola Marymount University, Department of Biology, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA
| | - Felicia A. King
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Mark W. Denny
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lockwood BL, Connor KM, Gracey AY. The environmentally tuned transcriptomes of Mytilus mussels. J Exp Biol 2015; 218:1822-33. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.118190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Transcriptomics is a powerful tool for elucidating the molecular mechanisms that underlie the ability of organisms to survive and thrive in dynamic and changing environments. Here, we review the major contributions in this field, and we focus on studies of mussels in the genus Mytilus, which are well-established models for the study of ecological physiology in fluctuating environments. Our review is organized into four main sections. First, we illustrate how the abiotic forces of the intertidal environment drive the rhythmic coupling of gene expression to diel and tidal cycles in Mytilus californianus. Second, we discuss the challenges and pitfalls of conducting transcriptomic studies in field-acclimatized animals. Third, we examine the link between transcriptomic responses to environmental stress and biogeographic distributions in blue mussels, Mytilus trossulus and Mytilus galloprovincialis. Fourth, we present a comparison of transcriptomic datasets and identify 175 genes that share common responses to heat stress across Mytilus species. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that transcriptomics can provide an informative snapshot of the physiological state of an organism within an environmental context. In a comparative framework, transcriptomics can reveal how natural selection has shaped patterns of transcriptional regulation that may ultimately influence biogeography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent L. Lockwood
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, 120 Marsh Life Science, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Kwasi M. Connor
- Marine Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Andrew Y. Gracey
- Marine Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Goodchild CG, Frederich M, Zeeman SI. AMP-activated protein kinase is a biomarker of energetic status in freshwater mussels exposed to municipal effluents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 512-513:201-209. [PMID: 25622267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although biomarkers are frequently used to assess sublethal effects of contaminants, a lack of mechanistic linkages to higher-level effects limits the predictive power of biomarkers. Bioenergetics has been proposed as a framework for linking cellular effects to whole-animal effects. We investigated sublethal effects of exposure to wastewater treatment facility effluent in freshwater mussels in situ, thereby capturing ecologically relevant exposure conditions. Our study focused on the energetic biomarker AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), while also considering more traditional biomarkers like heat shock proteins (HSP70), and antioxidant enzymes (i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST)). We examined biomarkers at mRNA and protein levels. Effluent exposure caused a reduction in total-AMPK protein abundance (p=0.05) and AMPK mRNA expression (p=0.02). Conversely, AMPK activity increased at downstream sites by 2.2-fold (p=0.05), indicating increased cellular energy consumption. HSP70 protein abundance was lower at downstream sites (p<0.05), while SOD and GST activity levels significantly increased. By using various biomarkers, we demonstrate that exposure to municipal effluent creates an energetically taxing situation. This is the first study to use AMPK to evaluate the effects of contamination in situ, and our results suggest that energetic biomarkers, like AMPK, complement traditional biomarkers and may help establish functional links between cellular and whole-animal effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Goodchild
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Rd., Biddeford, ME 04005, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Markus Frederich
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Rd., Biddeford, ME 04005, USA.
| | - Stephan I Zeeman
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Rd., Biddeford, ME 04005, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Connor KM, Robles CD. Within-site variation of growth rates and terminal sizes in Mytilus californianus along wave exposure and tidal gradients. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2015; 228:39-51. [PMID: 25745099 DOI: 10.1086/bblv228n1p39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mytilus californianus is a foundation species of rocky shores of western North America. Its dominance depends on rapid growth to large sizes, which confers an advantage in size-dependent species interactions. Initial rates of growth and final (terminal) sizes of the mussels depend on environmental factors. Prior comparisons of growth made over large spatial scales (tens of meters to hundreds of kilometers) indicate that temperature, submergence time, and wave exposure affect growth. However, there are few studies quantifying variation in temperature, wave force, and mussel growth parameters at small scales within local populations-that is, meter-level increments. Such measures are necessary to better understand the consequences of the complex spatial mosaic of physical factors in the intertidal zone. We measured variation in temperature, wave force, size-specific shell growth, and terminal size at 3-4-m intervals along horizontal contours within two mussel beds separated by 15 ds of latitude. Both mussel beds showed the same general trends: growth rates attenuated along gradual clines from low and wave-exposed to high shore and sheltered. For example, young adults from low and wave-exposed microhabitats grew 9- and 6-fold higher than those from high-shore-wave-sheltered points. While higher flow may promote growth by enhancing feeding, it also appears to exert a positive effect by moderating energetically costly temperature stress. Consistent with the growth rate findings, cumulative degree-hours explained 83% and 69% of the variation of terminal sizes in regressions for the two locations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwasi M Connor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697; and
| | - Carlos D Robles
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Madeira D, Mendonça V, Dias M, Roma J, Costa PM, Larguinho M, Vinagre C, Diniz MS. Physiological, cellular and biochemical thermal stress response of intertidal shrimps with different vertical distributions: Palaemon elegans and Palaemon serratus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 183:107-15. [PMID: 25582544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability to cope with high temperature variations is a critical factor in intertidal communities. Two species of intertidal rocky shore shrimps (Palaemon sp.) with different vertical distributions were collected from the Portuguese coast in order to test if they were differentially sensitive to thermal stress. Three distinct levels of biological organization (organismal, biochemical, and cellular) were surveyed. The shrimp were exposed to a constant rate of temperature increase of 1°C x h(-1), starting at 20°C until reaching the CTMax (critical thermal maximum). During heat stress, two biomarkers of protein damage were quantified in the muscle via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays: heat shock proteins HSP70 (hsp70/hsc70) and total ubiquitin. Muscle histopathological alterations caused by temperature were also evaluated. CTMax values were not significantly different between the congeners (P. elegans 33.4 ± 0.5 °C; P. serratus 33.0 ± 0.5 °C). Biomarker levels did not increase along the temperature trial, but P. elegans (higher intertidal) showed higher amounts of HSP70 and total ubiquitin than P. serratus (lower intertidal). HSP70 and total ubiquitin levels showed a positive significant correlation in both species, suggesting that their association is important in thermal tolerance. Histopathological observations of muscle tissue in P. serratus showed no gross alterations due to temperature but did show localized atrophy of muscle fibers at CTMax. In P. elegans, alterations occurred at a larger scale, showing multiple foci of atrophic muscular fascicles caused by necrotic or autolytic processes. In conclusion, Palaemon congeners displayed different responses to stress at a cellular level, with P. elegans having greater biomarker levels and histopathological alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Madeira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Centro de Química Fina e Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Vanessa Mendonça
- Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Dias
- Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Roma
- Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Costa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; IMAR-Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Miguel Larguinho
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Centro de Química Fina e Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Catarina Vinagre
- Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mário S Diniz
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Centro de Química Fina e Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mota CF, Engelen AH, Serrão EA, Pearson GA. Some don't like it hot: microhabitat‐dependent thermal and water stresses in a trailing edge population. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ester A. Serrão
- Centre of Marine Sciences University of Algarve Faro Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kelley AL. The role thermal physiology plays in species invasion. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 2:cou045. [PMID: 27293666 PMCID: PMC4806742 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cou045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of physiological phenotypes that may play a part in the establishment of non-native species can broaden our understanding about the ecology of species invasion. Here, an assessment was carried out by comparing the responses of invasive and native species to thermal stress. The goal was to identify physiological patterns that facilitate invasion success and to investigate whether these traits are widespread among invasive ectotherms. Four hypotheses were generated and tested using a review of the literature to determine whether they could be supported across taxonomically diverse invasive organisms. The four hypotheses are as follows: (i) broad geographical temperature tolerances (thermal width) confer a higher upper thermal tolerance threshold for invasive rather than native species; (ii) the upper thermal extreme experienced in nature is more highly correlated with upper thermal tolerance threshold for invasive vs. native animals; (iii) protein chaperone expression-a cellular mechanism that underlies an organism's thermal tolerance threshold-is greater in invasive organisms than in native ones; and (iv) acclimation to higher temperatures can promote a greater range of thermal tolerance for invasive compared with native species. Each hypothesis was supported by a meta-analysis of the invasive/thermal physiology literature, providing further evidence that physiology plays a substantial role in the establishment of invasive ectotherms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Kelley
- Corresponding author: Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620, USA. Tel: +1 805 8936176.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Madeira D, Narciso L, Diniz MS, Vinagre C. Synergy of environmental variables alters the thermal window and heat shock response: an experimental test with the crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 98:21-28. [PMID: 24836643 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The intertidal zone is an extremely variable habitat, imposing stressful conditions on its inhabiting communities. Tolerance towards extremes of temperature, salinity and pH are crucial in these habitats. Despite the vast literature on stress tolerance, few studies have focused on the synergistic effects of several variables on thermal tolerance and HSP70 (heat shock protein 70 kDa) levels. In this work, the crabs were exposed to three experimental conditions 1) thermal ramp at standard pH (8) and saline conditions (35‰) (named T), 2) thermal ramp at standard pH (8) and hyposaline conditions (15‰) (named T plus HypoS), and 3) thermal ramp at lower pH (7) and standard saline conditions (35‰) (named T plus A). Two physiological parameters (Critical Thermal Maximum - CTMax, and osmolality) and a stress biomarker (HSP70) were chosen for this analysis. These parameters were measured in all of the aforementioned conditions. CTMax for each set of conditions was reached by exposing the organisms to a rate of temperature increase of 1 °C h(-1) until loss of equilibrium. Haemolymph samples were taken every 2 °C to quantify HSP70 and osmolality. Results showed that CTMax did not differ between crabs solely exposed to T stress and crabs exposed to T plus HypoS stress. However, HSP70 production was impaired in T plus HypoS stress. When crabs were exposed to T plus A stress, they showed a significantly higher CTMax, suggesting that short-term exposure to acidified conditions may alter the thermal window of this species. Nevertheless, in T plus A conditions HSP70 production was impaired as well. Regarding osmolality it decreased according to temperature increase in all tested stress conditions. This study showed that the heat stress response is altered by the synergistic effect of variables. Physiological end-points (i.e. CTMax) may vary and the expression of stress proteins such as HSP70 may be impaired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Madeira
- Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Centro de Química Fina e Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luís Narciso
- Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
| | - Mário Sousa Diniz
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Centro de Química Fina e Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Vinagre
- Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|