1
|
Oh YT, Yang J, Stefanovski D, Hammock B, Youn JH. Determinants of Meal-Induced Changes in Circulating FFA Epoxides, Diols, and Diol-to-Epoxide Ratios as Indices of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17351. [PMID: 38139180 PMCID: PMC10743433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an important enzyme for metabolic and cardiovascular health. sEH converts FFA epoxides (EpFAs), many of which are regulators of various cellular processes, to biologically less active diols. In human studies, diol (sEH product) to EpFA (sEH substrate) ratios in plasma or serum have been used as indices of sEH activity. We previously showed these ratios profoundly decreased in rats during acute feeding, possibly reflecting decreases in tissue sEH activities. The present study was designed to test which tissue(s) these measurements in the blood represent and if factors other than sEH activity, such as renal excretion or dietary intake of EpFAs and diols, significantly alter plasma EpFAs, diols, and/or their ratios. The results show that postprandial changes in EpFAs and diols and their ratios in plasma were very similar to those observed in the liver but not in other tissues, suggesting that the liver is largely responsible for these changes in plasma levels. EpFAs and diols were excreted into the urine, but their levels were not significantly altered by feeding, suggesting that renal excretion of EpFAs and diols may not play a major role in postprandial changes in circulating EpFAs, diols, or their ratios. Diet intake had significant impacts on circulating EpFA and diol levels but not on diol-to-EpFA (D-to-E) ratios, suggesting that these ratios, reflecting sEH activities, may not be significantly affected by the availability of sEH substrates (i.e., EpFAs). In conclusion, changes in FFA D-to-E ratios in plasma may reflect those in the liver, which may in turn represent sEH activities in the liver, and they may not be significantly affected by renal excretion or the dietary intake of EpFAs and diols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Taek Oh
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center UCDMC, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.Y.); (B.H.)
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA;
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center UCDMC, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.Y.); (B.H.)
| | - Jang H. Youn
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schadt I. Health concerns about possible long-term effects of legally marketed milk and dairy from animals with intramammary infections. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1200924. [PMID: 37701910 PMCID: PMC10494540 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1200924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk and dairy from animals with subclinical mastitis infections are marketable. Mastitis is detected with the somatic cell count (SCC). The EU regulation, among the stricter ones, limits an average of 400,000 somatic cells/ml in milk. Other countries have higher or no thresholds. This level suggests 40% of infected animals, and we indeed consume mastitic milk and dairy. A worldwide prevalence of dairy cattle and buffaloes with subclinical mastitis is estimated to range between 34 and 46%. The current food safety regulations account for mastitis pathogens, their toxins, and the risk of antimicrobial residues, but milk from animals with mastitis contains also compounds that derive from an immune response and inflammation process with biological function for the offspring. To the best of the current knowledge, it cannot be excluded that these compounds do not interfere with human homeostasis and that they do not contribute to redox or cytokine dysregulation that, in turn, could promote certain chronic diseases. These compounds include radicals, oxidation products, nitrosamines, and proinflammatory cytokines with nitrosamines being already recognized as probable carcinogens. Mastitis also alters the composition of caseins, plasmin, and plasminogen activators, which may be related to increased transformation into amyloid with similar characteristics as the fibrils associated with Alzheimer's disease. We should determine whether these bioactive compounds could, alone or in combination, represent any long-term risk to the consumer's health. Adapted regulations and concomitant subsidies for farmers are suggested, for sensing tools that reveal individual SCC and mastitis at milking. Frequent SCC determination is the prerequisite for any mastitis control program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Schadt
- Research Section for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, Consorzio per la Ricerca nel Settore della Filiera Lattiero-Casearia e dell'Agroalimentare (CoRFiLaC), Ragusa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chumroenvidhayakul S, Thilavech T, Abeywardena M, Adisakwattana S. Dragon Fruit Peel Waste ( Hylocereus undatus) as a Potential Ingredient for Reducing Lipid Peroxidation, Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products, and Starch Digestibility in Cookies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051002. [PMID: 37237868 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive consumption of cookies has been linked to harmful health outcomes owing to the presence of refined carbohydrates and heat-induced toxicants including end products of lipid peroxidation and dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGEs). To address this issue, this study explores the addition of dragon fruit peel powder (DFP), which is rich in phytochemicals and dietary fibers, to cookies as a potential solution to mitigate their adverse effects. The results indicate that adding DFP at 1%, 2%, and 5% w/w of raw cookie dough significantly improves the total phenolic and betacyanin contents and antioxidant activity, as evidenced by increased ferric-reducing antioxidant power. DFP incorporation also led to reductions in malondialdehyde and dAGEs (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the starch digestibility, hydrolysis index, and predicted glycemic index were all reduced in the presence of DFP, with the latter estimate being due to the higher content of undigested starch. Incorporating DFP in cookies resulted in significant changes in their physical properties, including texture and color. However, sensory evaluation indicates that the overall acceptability of the cookies was not negatively impacted by the addition of up to 2% DFP, suggesting that it is a viable option for enhancing the nutritional value of cookies without compromising their palatability. These findings suggest that DFP is a sustainable and healthier ingredient that can improve the antioxidant capacity of cookies while also mitigating the harmful effects of heat-induced toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Chumroenvidhayakul
- Phytochemical and Functional Food Research Unit for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thavaree Thilavech
- Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Sirichai Adisakwattana
- Phytochemical and Functional Food Research Unit for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang C, Sun H, Jiang X, Guan X, Gao F, Shi B. Maternal Oxidized Soybean Oil Administration in Rats during Pregnancy and Lactation Alters the Intestinal DNA Methylation in Offspring. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6224-6238. [PMID: 35549255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a food contaminant, oxidized oil or lipid oxidative products have been proven to exert toxicological effects on the growth and development of animals and humans. Research shows that maternal oxidative stress damage might transmit to another generation by epigenetic modulation. However, current evidence is still not clear on the mechanism of the effects of dietary oxidized oil during pregnancy on the two generations. This study employed a rat model fed with oxidized soybean oil (OSO) during pregnancy and lactation to explore the effects of the oxidative degree (0, 200, 400, and 800 mequiv of O2/kg) on the placental RNA methylation and DNA methylation in offspring jejunum. The results showed that following the ingestion of OSO, the placental genes of different m6A methylation were significantly enriched to nutrient metabolic processes and hormone activity. In addition, the intestine in offspring hypofunctioned observably, such as reducing the height of villi and the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine. Furthermore, maternal intake of OSO during pregnancy can damage the intestinal barrier function of offspring by inhibiting the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells and reducing the activity of intestinal DNA methyltransferase. In conclusion, this study reinforces the assertion that maternal OSO consumption during gestation and lactation negatively affects the placental health and intestinal development of suckling pups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyang Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Guan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Intestinal and Hepatic Uptake of Dietary Peroxidized Lipids and Their Decomposition Products, and Their Subsequent Effects on Apolipoprotein A1 and Paraoxonase1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081258. [PMID: 34439506 PMCID: PMC8389297 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both pro- and antiatherosclerotic effects have been ascribed to dietary peroxidized lipids. Confusion on the role of peroxidized lipids in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is punctuated by a lack of understanding regarding the metabolic fate and potential physiological effects of dietary peroxidized lipids and their decomposition products. This study sought to determine the metabolic fate and physiological ramifications of 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HPODE) and 13-HODE (13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) supplementation in intestinal and hepatic cell lines, as well as any effects resulting from 13-HPODE or 13-HODE degradation products. In the presence of Caco-2 cells, 13-HPODE was rapidly reduced to 13-HODE. Upon entering the cell, 13-HODE appears to undergo decomposition, followed by esterification. Moreover, 13-HPODE undergoes autodecomposition to produce aldehydes such as 9-oxononanoic acid (9-ONA). Results indicate that 9-ONA was oxidized to azelaic acid (AzA) rapidly in cell culture media, but AzA was poorly absorbed by intestinal cells and remained detectable in cell culture media for up to 18 h. An increased apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) secretion was observed in Caco-2 cells in the presence of 13-HPODE, 9-ONA, and AzA, whereas such induction was not observed in HepG2 cells. However, 13-HPODE treatments suppressed paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, suggesting the induction of ApoA1 secretion by 13-HPODE may not represent functional high-density lipoprotein (HDL) capable of reducing oxidative stress. Alternatively, AzA induced both ApoA1 secretion and PON1 activity while suppressing ApoB secretion in differentiated Caco-2 cells but not in HepG2. These results suggest oxidation of 9-ONA to AzA might be an important phenomenon, resulting in the accumulation of potentially beneficial dietary peroxidized lipid-derived aldehydes.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang C, Gao F, Guan X, Yao X, Shi B, Zhang Y. Exposure to oxidized soybean oil induces mammary mitochondrial injury in lactating rats and alters the intestinal barrier function of progeny. Food Funct 2021; 12:3705-3719. [PMID: 33900354 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Similar to other food contaminants, dietary oxidized soybean oil (OSO) is also a toxic xenobiotic for animal and human nutrition. This research evaluated the effects of maternal OSO exposure during lactation on mammary mitochondrial injury and intestinal barrier of sucking progeny. Twenty-four female adult SD rats were fed a fresh soybean oil (FSO) homozygous diet (7%) or an OSO homozygous diet (7%) during lactation. On day 21 of lactation, upregulated mRNA expression of Sirt3 and PRDX3 and downregulated mRNA expression of Mfn2 were observed in mammary tissues in the OSO group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Maternal OSO consumption increased the FasL transcriptional level in the mammary glands of rat dams (P < 0.05), while the mRNA expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase3, and Fas was not different from that in the control group (P > 0.05). OSO enhanced the Nrf2 transcriptional level and decreased the expression of Keap1 and PPARα in mammary tissues (P < 0.05). In addition, the contents of CAT, MDA, SOD were not affected by dietary OSO (P > 0.05), while the concentration of H2O2 was significantly decreased in the OSO-treated mammary glands of rat dams (P < 0.05). Maternal OSO exposure during lactation did not affect the organ coefficients of pups (P > 0.05). However, maternal OSO consumption influenced the intestinal tight junction protein expression of progeny (P < 0.05). In summary, the present study demonstrated that dietary OSO may aggravate mammary injury and mitochondria dysfunction, but the OSO-induced damage was self-alleviating via the promotion of Sirt3 and PRDX3 expression and further scavenging of oxidative products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Guan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Xinxin Yao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zeb A, Khan AA. Improvement of Serum Biochemical Parameters and Hematological Indices Through α-Tocopherol Administration in Dietary Oxidized Olive Oil Induced Toxicity in Rats. Front Nutr 2019; 5:137. [PMID: 30687713 PMCID: PMC6335241 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary oxidized olive oil, alone or in combination with different doses of α-tocopherol, were given to Swiss albino rats for 30 days; in order to determine its role in oxidative stress and fatty liver, induced by the oxidized olive oils. Serum biochemical parameters and hematological indices of blood were analyzed. The liver was analyzed for histopathological changes, lipid peroxidation, and polar triacylglycerols composition. Results revealed that there was a significant decline in the serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, glucose and ALT; while a significant increase occurred in the serum HDL levels through the supplementation of α-tocopherol in male and female rats. Hematological parameters were almost in the normal reference range in the groups that were fed α-tocopherol, alone or in combination with oxidized oil, while being significantly altered by the oxidized olive oil. There were acute hepatitis and necrosis in the liver with no fatty changes after feeding with oxidized olive oil, along with varying doses of α-tocopherol. Higher amounts of polar compounds were present in female rats (15.2–93.1 μg/g) compared to male rats (12.2–82.3%) that correspond to the supplementation of α-tocopherol in combination with oxidized oil. Lipid oxidation in liver was minimized by tocopherol, while an increase occurred in the accumulation of oxidized lipids in the liver. These findings revealed that tocopherol is beneficial against the oxidized oil induced biochemical and hematological changes and lipid peroxidation but causes fatty accumulation in the liver. Therefore, the role of tocopherol in patients with fatty liver disease may be considered, as tocopherol may increase the chance of survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alam Zeb
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ali Khan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Myhrstad MCW, Ottestad I, Günther CC, Ryeng E, Holden M, Nilsson A, Brønner KW, Kohler A, Borge GIA, Holven KB, Ulven SM. The PBMC transcriptome profile after intake of oxidized versus high-quality fish oil: an explorative study in healthy subjects. GENES AND NUTRITION 2016; 11:16. [PMID: 27551317 PMCID: PMC4968435 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation, generating a range of different oxidation products with suggested negative health effects. The aim of the present study was to utilize sensitive high-throughput transcriptome analyses to investigate potential unfavorable effects of oxidized fish oil (PV: 18 meq/kg; AV: 9) compared to high-quality fish oil (PV: 4 meq/kg; AV: 3). METHODS In a double-blinded randomized controlled study for seven weeks, 35 healthy subjects were assigned to 8 g of either oxidized fish oil or high quality fish oil. The daily dose of EPA+DHA was 1.6 g. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated at baseline and after 7 weeks and transcriptome analyses were performed with the illuminaHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip. RESULTS No gene transcripts, biological processes, pathway or network were significantly changed in the oxidized fish oil group compared to the fish oil group. Furthermore, gene sets related to oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease were not differently regulated between the groups. Within group analyses revealed a more prominent effect after intake of high quality fish oil as 11 gene transcripts were significantly (FDR < 0.1) changed from baseline versus three within the oxidized fish oil group. CONCLUSION The suggested concern linking lipid oxidation products to short-term unfavorable health effects may therefore not be evident at a molecular level in this explorative study. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01034423.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari C W Myhrstad
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ottestad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway ; Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Einar Ryeng
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Astrid Nilsson
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, Aas, N-1431 Norway
| | - Kirsti W Brønner
- TINE SA, Centre for Research and Development, P.O. Box 7, Kalbakken, 0902 Oslo, Norway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, Aas, N-1431 Norway ; Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology (IMT), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Grethe I A Borge
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, Aas, N-1431 Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway ; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, P.O Box 4950, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway ; Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Santas J, Guzmán YJ, Guardiola F, Rafecas M, Bou R. High-throughput analysis of lipid hydroperoxides in edible oils and fats using the fluorescent reagent diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine. Food Chem 2014; 162:235-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
10
|
Reprint of “Heated vegetable oils and cardiovascular disease risk factors”. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 62:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
11
|
Ng CY, Leong XF, Masbah N, Adam SK, Kamisah Y, Jaarin K. Heated vegetable oils and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 61:1-9. [PMID: 24632108 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It may result from the interactions between multiple genetic and environmental factors including sedentary lifestyle and dietary habits. The quality of dietary oils and fats has been widely recognised to be inextricably linked to the pathogenesis of CVD. Vegetable oil is one of the essential dietary components in daily food consumption. However, the benefits of vegetable oil can be deteriorated by repeated heating that leads to lipid oxidation. The practice of using repeatedly heated cooking oil is not uncommon as it will reduce the cost of food preparation. Thermal oxidation yields new functional groups which may be potentially hazardous to cardiovascular health. Prolonged consumption of the repeatedly heated oil has been shown to increase blood pressure and total cholesterol, cause vascular inflammation as well as vascular changes which predispose to atherosclerosis. The harmful effect of heated oils is attributed to products generated from lipid oxidation during heating process. In view of the potential hazard of oxidation products, therefore this review article will provide an insight and awareness to the general public on the consumption of repeatedly heated oils which is detrimental to health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Ng
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xin-Fang Leong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Clinical Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norliana Masbah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Khadijah Adam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamsiah Jaarin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Z, Henning SM, Zhang Y, Rahnama N, Zerlin A, Thames G, Tseng CH, Heber D. Decrease of postprandial endothelial dysfunction by spice mix added to high-fat hamburger meat in men with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2013; 30:590-5. [PMID: 23320544 PMCID: PMC7357279 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Consumption of a high-fat diet has been demonstrated to promote endothelial dysfunction, possibly through an increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in serum nitric oxide. The present study was designed to investigate whether consumption of a hamburger cooked with a polyphenol-rich spice mixture will reduce postprandial lipid oxidation and endothelial dysfunction in men with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS Twenty-two subjects consumed burgers cooked with salt only (control burger) or with salt and spice mix (spice burger) in randomized order. The postprandial concentration of urinary malondialdehyde and nitrate/nitrite as well as the peripheral arterial tonometry score were determined. RESULTS Eighteen subjects completed the study. Postprandial serum glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations were similar in all subjects after control burger or spice burger consumption. Urine malondialdehyde excretion in mmol/g creatinine was reduced by 31% (P < 0.001) after consuming the spice burger compared with the control burger. Two hours after consumption of the burgers, the peripheral arterial tonometry score was significantly different between control burger consumption (-9.7 ± 21.5%) and spice burger consumption (+18.0 ± 42.4%) (P = 0.025). Mean urinary nitrate/nitrite concentrations in urine collected during the 6 h after consumption of the control burger was 9.09 ± 5.7 mmol/g creatinine, but 12.37 ± 7.00 mmol/g creatinine after the spice burger (P = 0.053). CONCLUSION Adding a spice mix to hamburger meat prior to cooking resulted in a reduction in urinary malondialdehyde, an increase in urinary nitrate/nitrite and improvement of postprandial endothelial dysfunction in men with Type 2 diabetes. Therefore, cooking a hamburger with a polyphenol-rich spice mixture may lead to potential cardiovascular benefits in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li Z, Wong A, Henning SM, Zhang Y, Jones A, Zerlin A, Thames G, Bowerman S, Tseng CH, Heber D. Hass avocado modulates postprandial vascular reactivity and postprandial inflammatory responses to a hamburger meal in healthy volunteers. Food Funct 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30226h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
14
|
Kanner J, Gorelik S, Roman S, Kohen R. Protection by polyphenols of postprandial human plasma and low-density lipoprotein modification: the stomach as a bioreactor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8790-8796. [PMID: 22530973 DOI: 10.1021/jf300193g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies dramatically showed that the removal of circulating modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) results in complete prevention of atherosclerosis. The gastrointestinal tract is constantly exposed to food, some of it containing oxidized compounds. Lipid oxidation in the stomach was demonstrated by ingesting heated red meat in rats. Red wine polyphenols added to the rats' meat diet prevented lipid peroxidation in the stomach and absorption of malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat plasma. In humans, postprandial plasma MDA levels rose by 3-fold after a meal of red meat cutlets. MDA derived from meat consumption caused postprandial plasma LDL modification in human. The levels of plasma MDA showed a 75% reduction by consumption of red wine polyphenols during the meat meal. Locating the main biological site of action of polyphenols in the stomach led to a revision in the understanding of how antioxidants work in vivo and may help to elucidate the mechanism involved in the protective effects of polyphenols in human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kanner
- Department of Food Science, ARO , Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nutraceuticals as Ligands of PPARγ. PPAR Res 2012; 2012:858352. [PMID: 22792089 PMCID: PMC3388323 DOI: 10.1155/2012/858352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated nuclear receptors that respond to several exogenous and endogenous ligands by modulating genes related to lipid, glucose, and insulin homeostasis. PPARγ, expressed in adipose tissue and liver, regulates lipid storage and glucose metabolism and is the target of type 2 diabetes drugs, thiazolidinediones (TZDs). Due to high levels of toxicity associated with the first generation TZDs, troglitazone (Rezulin), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and pioglitazone (Actos), there is a renewed search for newer PPAR drugs that exhibit better efficacy but lesser toxicity. In recent years, there has been a definite increase in the consumption of dietary supplements among diabetics, due to the possible health benefits associated with these nutraceutical components. With this impetus, investigations into alternative natural ligands of PPARs has also risen. This review highlights some of the dietary compounds (dietary lipids, isoflavones, and other flavanoids) that bind and transactivate PPARγ. A better understanding of the physiological effects of this PPAR activation by nutraceuticals and the availability of high-throughput technologies should lead to the discovery of less toxic alternatives to the PPAR drugs currently on the market.
Collapse
|
16
|
Oxidised fish oil does not influence established markers of oxidative stress in healthy human subjects: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2011; 108:315-26. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511005484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Intake of fish oil reduces the risk of CHD and CHD deaths. Marine n-3 fatty acids (FA) are susceptible to oxidation, but to our knowledge, the health effects of intake of oxidised fish oil have not previously been investigated in human subjects. The aim of the present study was to investigate markers of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and inflammation, and the level of plasma n-3 FA after intake of oxidised fish oil. In a double-blinded randomised controlled study, healthy subjects (aged 18–50 years, n 54) were assigned into one of three groups receiving capsules containing either 8 g/d of fish oil (1·6 g/d EPA+DHA; n 17), 8 g/d of oxidised fish oil (1·6 g/d EPA+DHA; n 18) or 8 g/d of high-oleic sunflower oil (n 19). Fasting blood and morning spot urine samples were collected at weeks 0, 3 and 7. No significant changes between the different groups were observed with regard to urinary 8-iso-PGF2α; plasma levels of 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and α-tocopherol; serum high sensitive C-reactive protein; or activity of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes. A significant increase in plasma level of EPA+DHA was observed in both fish oil groups, but no significant difference was observed between the fish oil groups. No changes in a variety of in vivo markers of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation or inflammation were observed after daily intake of oxidised fish oil for 3 or 7 weeks, indicating that intake of oxidised fish oil may not have unfavourable short-term effects in healthy human subjects.
Collapse
|
17
|
Sodré FL, Paim BA, Urban A, Vercesi AE, Faria EC. Reduction in generation of reactive oxygen species and endothelial dysfunction during postprandial state. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 21:800-807. [PMID: 20674308 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To characterise changes in generation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in healthy males during the postprandial state, and to analyse the influence of the postprandial state on endothelial ROS generation and endothelial dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventeen healthy subjects were recruited. Blood samples were collected in the fasting state and 2, 4, 6 and 8h after liquid-meal intake (composition: 25% fat, 55% dextromaltose and 14% protein), providing 40 gfat m(-2) body surface. Plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, glucose and insulin were measured during this period. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated by density-gradient centrifugation. The influence of postprandial state on intracellular ROS generation was measured by two different methods in PBMCs and in a human immortalised endothelial cell line (ECV 304). Artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) was used to evaluate the endothelial function, and oxygen consumption by PBMCs was measured. Reduced ROS generation was observed in all methods and cells during the postprandial period. FMD was impaired 8h after meal intake (23±6 vs. 13±2, P<0.05 vs. baseline). The consumption of oxygen was reduced in PBMCs (-14% into 2h, P<0.05 vs. baseline and -27% after 4h, P<0.01 vs. baseline). ROS generation was correlated with plasma lipids, insulin, apolipoproteins and oxygen consumption. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the previously reported elevation of postprandial oxidative stress, this study shows reduced ROS generation in PBMCs and in ECV 304. Data obtained in both cellular models suggest the existence of a protective response against plasma postprandial oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F L Sodré
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
David RO, González-Muñoz MJ, Benedí J, Bastida S, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Thermally oxidized palm olein exposure increases triglyceride polymer levels in rat small intestine. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
19
|
Li Z, Henning SM, Zhang Y, Zerlin A, Li L, Gao K, Lee RP, Karp H, Thames G, Bowerman S, Heber D. Antioxidant-rich spice added to hamburger meat during cooking results in reduced meat, plasma, and urine malondialdehyde concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:1180-4. [PMID: 20335545 PMCID: PMC2854897 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging science has shown the effect of oxidation products and inflammation on atherogenesis and carcinogenesis. Cooking hamburger meat can promote the formation of malondialdehyde that can be absorbed after ingestion. OBJECTIVE We studied the effect of an antioxidant spice mixture on malondialdehyde formation while cooking hamburger meat and its effects on plasma and urinary malondialdehyde concentrations. DESIGN Eleven healthy volunteers consumed 2 kinds of burgers in a randomized order: one burger was seasoned with a spice blend, and one burger was not seasoned with the spice blend. The production of malondialdehyde in burgers and malondialdehyde concentrations in plasma and urine after ingestion were measured by HPLC. RESULTS Rosmarinic acid from oregano was monitored to assess the effect of cooking on spice antioxidant content. Forty percent (19 mg) of the added rosmarinic acid remained in the spiced burger (SB) after cooking. There was a 71% reduction in the malondialdehyde concentration (mean +/- SD: 0.52 +/- 0.02 micromol/250 g) in the meat of the SBs compared with the malondialdehyde concentration (1.79 +/- 0.17 micromol/250 g) in the meat of the control burgers (CBs). The plasma malondialdehyde concentration increased significantly in the CB group as a change from baseline (P = 0.026). There was a significant time-trend difference (P = 0.013) between the 2 groups. Urinary malondialdehyde concentrations (micromol/g creatinine) decreased by 49% (P = 0.021) in subjects consuming the SBs compared with subjects consuming the CBs. CONCLUSIONS The overall effect of adding the spice mixture to hamburger meat before cooking was a reduction in malondialdehyde concentrations in the meat, plasma, and urine after ingestion. Therefore, cooking hamburgers with a polyphenol-rich spice mixture can significantly decrease the concentration of malondialdehyde, which suggests potential health benefits for atherogenesis and carcinogenesis. This trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT01027052.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Li
- University of California, Los Angeles Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sutherland WHF, de Jong SA, Hessian PA, Williams MJA. Ingestion of native and thermally oxidized polyunsaturated fats acutely increases circulating numbers of endothelial microparticles. Metabolism 2010; 59:446-53. [PMID: 19846183 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Circulating numbers of endothelial microparticles (EMP) are an index of endothelial injury and dysfunction; and microparticles positive to CD31 antibody increase acutely after cooked, fatty fast-food meals that are rich in saturated fatty acids (SAFA) and lipid oxidation products. The aim of this study was to determine the acute effect of meals rich in SAFA and native and thermally oxidized polyunsaturated vegetable oil on circulating numbers of EMP positive to CD144 antibody, a more specific marker of EMP. Twenty-two apparently healthy subjects received isocaloric meals rich in cream (CR), unheated sunflower oil, or heated sunflower oil in a randomized crossover study design. Circulating numbers of CD144-EMP and plasma lipids and Svedberg unit of flotation (S(f)) greater than 400 triglyceride content were measured before and 1 and 3 hours after the meals. Triglycerides in the plasma S(f) greater than 400 fraction increased significantly (P < .001) after the meals, with a significantly (P < .05) larger increase after the CR meal. Plasma CD144-EMP increased significantly (20%, P < .05) after the unheated sunflower oil and heated sunflower oil meals and did not increase significantly (P = .55) after the CR meal. This response was significantly different among the meals (P = .002) when first-visit fasting plasma glucose was a covariate. In conclusion, these data suggest that ingestion of meals rich in n-6 polyunsaturated vegetable oil irrespective of whether it has been mildly thermally oxidized may acutely alter the state of the vascular endothelium, resulting in increased shedding of CD144-EMP. The physiologic implications of these findings remain to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne H F Sutherland
- Medicine Section, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kuffa M, Priesbe TJ, Krueger CG, Reed JD, Richards MP. Ability of dietary antioxidants to affect lipid oxidation of cooked turkey meat in a simulated stomach and blood lipids after a meal. J Funct Foods 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
22
|
Gorelik S, Ligumsky M, Kohen R, Kanner J. The stomach as a "bioreactor": when red meat meets red wine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:5002-5007. [PMID: 18540628 DOI: 10.1021/jf703700d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To determine the stomach bioreactor capability for food oxidation or antioxidation, rats were fed red turkey meat cutlets (meal A) or red turkey meat cutlets and red wine concentrate (meal B). The hydroperoxides (LOOH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of the stomach contents were evaluated during and after digestion; the postprandial plasma MDA level was also evaluated. In independently fed rats, the stomach LOOH concentration fell substantially 90 min following the meal, and the addition of red wine polyphenols enhanced LOOH reduction 3-fold. A similar trend was obtained for MDA. After pyloric ligation, the stomach contents of rats fed red meat homogenate showed >2-fold increases in LOOH and MDA accumulation. The postprandial plasma MDA level increased significantly by 50% following meal A and was maintained or even fell by 34% below basal level following meal B. The findings show that consumption of partially oxidized food could increase lipid peroxidation in the stomach and the absorption of cytotoxic lipid peroxidation products into the body. The addition of antioxidants such as red wine polyphenols to the meal may alter these outcomes. These findings explain the potentially harmful effects of oxidized fats in foods and the important benefit of consuming dietary polyphenols during the meal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Gorelik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Márquez-Ruiz G, García-Martínez M, Holgado F. Changes and Effects of Dietary Oxidized Lipids in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Lipid Insights 2008. [DOI: 10.4137/lpi.s904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is focused on the present state-of-the art of modifications and effects of dietary oxidized lipids during their transit along the gastrointestinal tract. A survey of the literature reporting changes and effects of oxidized lipids before absorption, first in the stomach and then during enzymatic lipolysis in the small intestine, are addressed. Also, the fate of non-absorbed compounds and their potential implications at the colorectal level are discussed. Among the results found, it is shown that acidic gastric conditions and the influence of other dietary components may lead to either further oxidation or antioxidative effects in the stomach. Also, changes in oxidized functions, especially of hydroperoxy and epoxy groups, seem likely to occur. Enzymatic hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase is not effective for triacylglycerol polymers, and hence they can be found as non-absorbed oxidized lipids in the large intestine. Interactions of oxidized lipids with cholesterol absorption in the small intestine and with microflora metabolism have been also observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Márquez-Ruiz
- Instituto del Frío (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid
| | | | - F. Holgado
- Instituto del Frío (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Lipid oxidation in foods is one of the major degradative processes responsible for losses in food quality. The oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids results in significant generation of dietary advanced lipid oxidation endproducts (ALEs) which are in part cytotoxic and genotoxic compounds. The gastrointestinal tract is constantly exposed to dietary oxidized food compounds, after digestion a part of them are absorbed into the lymph or directly into the blood stream. After ingestion of oxidized fats animals and human have been shown to excrete in urine increase amounts of malondialdehyde but also lipophilic carbonyl compounds. Oxidized cholesterol in the diet was found to be a source of oxidized lipoproteins in human serum. Some of the dietary ALEs, which are absorbed from the gut to the circulatory system, seems to act as injurious chemicals that activate an inflammatory response which affects not only circulatory system but also organs such as liver, kidney, lung, and the gut itself. We believe that repeated consumption of oxidized fat in the diet poses a chronic threat to human health. High concentration of dietary antioxidants could prevent lipid oxidation and ALEs generation not only in foods but also in stomach condition and thereby potentially decrease absorption of ALEs from the gut. This could explains the health benefit of diets containing large amounts of dietary antioxidants such those present in fruits and vegetables, or products such as red-wine or tea consuming during the meal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kanner
- Department of Food Science, Volcani Center, ARO, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gorelik S, Ligumsky M, Kohen R, Kanner J. A novel function of red wine polyphenols in humans: prevention of absorption of cytotoxic lipid peroxidation products. FASEB J 2007; 22:41-6. [PMID: 17712060 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-9041com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence supports a contribution of polyphenols to the prevention of cardiovascular disease, but their mechanisms of action are not understood. We investigated the impact of red wine polyphenols on postprandial cytotoxic lipid peroxidation products (MDA) levels in humans. In a randomized, crossover study, the effect of red wine polyphenols on postprandial levels of plasma and urine MDA was investigated. Three meals of 250 g turkey cutlets supplemented by water (A); soaked in red wine after heating plus 200 ml of red wine (B); or soaked in red wine prior to heating plus 200 ml of red wine (C) were administered to 10 healthy volunteers. Subject baseline plasma levels of MDA were 50 +/- 20 nM. After a meal of turkey meat cutlets, plasma MDA levels increased by 160 nM (P<0.0001); after (B) there was a 75% reduction in the absorption of MDA (P<0.0001). However, after (C), the elevation of plasma MDA was completely prevented (P<0.0001). Similar results were obtained for MDA accumulation in urine. Our study suggests that red wine polyphenols exert a beneficial effect by the novel new function, absorption inhibition of the lipotoxin MDA. These findings explain the potentially harmful effects of oxidized fats found in foods and the important benefit of dietary polyphenols in the meal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Gorelik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, David R. Bloom Center of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Manuel-Y-Keenoy B, de Vos C, van Campenhout A, Vinckx M, Abrams P, van Campenhout C. Divergent in vitro and in vivo lipid peroxidation in the postprandial phase of patients with type I diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007; 62:401-10. [PMID: 17426748 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The two- to fourfold higher risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus is more strongly predicted by the postprandial than by the fasting blood glucose and lipids. We aimed to investigate the impact of postprandial changes in serum lipoprotein fractions on lipid peroxidation in type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM). DESIGN This was a prospective observational study. SETTING The study was performed at Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium. SUBJECTS Twenty-three well-controlled T1DM patients were included. INTERVENTION Patients received a standard breakfast and lunch (>50% energy as fat). Blood was sampled at fasting (F), after the post-breakfast hyperglycemic peak (BP), just before lunch (B), after the post-lunch hyperglycemic peak (LP), after the post-lunch dale (LD) and 5 h after lunch (L) for the measurement of serum lipids, lipoprotein subfraction composition, alpha-tocopherol and lipid peroxidation in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Serum triacylglycerols (Tgs) increased (from 1.03+/-0.40 at F to 1.60+/-0.87 mmol/l at LP, P=0.001), but cholesterol decreased by 12% in parallel with alpha-tocopherol (from 4.43+/-0.76 at F to 4.12+/-0.82 micromol/mmol total lipid at B, P=0.006). Although plasma malondialdehyde increased from 1.02+/-0.36 at F to 1.14+/-0.40 micromol/L at LP, P=0.03, copper-induced in vitro peroxidation decreased in the low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein fractions. CONCLUSIONS In well-controlled T1DM patients moderate postprandial increases in serum Tgs are accompanied by a relative deficiency in alpha-tocopherol. Lipid peroxidation in vivo increases but cannot be ascribed to changes in the susceptibility of lipoproteins to copper-induced in vitro peroxidation.
Collapse
|
27
|
Staprans I, Pan XM, Rapp JH, Feingold KR. The role of dietary oxidized cholesterol and oxidized fatty acids in the development of atherosclerosis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006; 49:1075-82. [PMID: 16270280 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200500063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of atherosclerosis is complex and multifactorial but there is extensive evidence indicating that oxidized lipoproteins may play a key role. At present, the site and mechanism by which lipoproteins are oxidized are not resolved, and it is not clear if oxidized lipoproteins form locally in the artery wall and/or are sequestered in atherosclerotic lesions following the uptake of circulating oxidized lipoproteins. We have been focusing our studies on demonstrating that such potentially atherogenic oxidized lipoproteins in the circulation are at least partially derived from oxidized lipids in the diet. Thus, the purpose of our work has been to determine in humans whether oxidized dietary oxidized fats such as oxidized fatty acids and oxidized cholesterol are absorbed and contribute to the pool of oxidized lipids in circulating lipoproteins. When a meal containing oxidized linoleic acid was fed to normal subjects, oxidized fatty acids were found only in the postprandial chylomicron/chylomicron remnants (CM/RM) which were cleared from circulation within 8 h. No oxidized fatty acids were detected in low density lipoprotein (LDL) or high density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions at any time. However, when alpha-epoxy cholesterol was fed to human subjects, alpha-epoxy cholesterol in serum was found in CM/RM and also in endogenous very low density lipoprotein, LDL, and HDL and remained in the circulation for 72 h. In vitro incubation of the CM/RM fraction containing alpha-epoxy cholesterol with human LDL and HDL that did not contain alpha-epoxy cholesterol resulted in a rapid transfer of oxidized cholesterol from CM/RM to both LDL and HDL. We have suggested that cholesteryl ester transfer protein is mediating the transfer. Thus, alpha-epoxy cholesterol in the diet is incorporated into CM/RM fraction and then transferred to LDL and HDL contributing to lipoprotein oxidation. We hypothesize that diet-derived oxidized fatty acids in chylomicron remnants and oxidized cholesterol in remnants and LDL accelerate atherosclerosis by increasing oxidized lipid levels in circulating LDL and chylomicron remnants. This hypothesis is supported by our feeding experiments in animals. When rabbits were fed oxidized fatty acids or oxidized cholesterol, the fatty streak lesions in the aorta were increased by 100%. Moreover, dietary oxidized cholesterol significantly increased aortic lesions in apo-E and LDL receptor-deficient mice. A typical Western diet is rich in oxidized fats and therefore could contribute to the increased arterial atherosclerosis in our population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Staprans
- Department of Surgery, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Manuel-y-Keenoy B, Van Campenhout A, Aerts P, Vertommen J, Abrams P, Van Gaal LF, Van Gils C, De Leeuw IH. Time Course of Oxidative Stress Status in the Postprandial and Postabsorptive States in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Relationship to Glucose and Lipid Changes. J Am Coll Nutr 2005; 24:474-85. [PMID: 16373944 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2005.10719493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare oxidative stress status (OSS) with blood glucose and lipid changes during the fasting, postprandial and postabsorptive phases in type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Twenty-three patients on intensive insulin treatment received a standard fat-rich breakfast and lunch. OSS was monitored at fasting (F), just after the post-breakfast glycemia peak (BP) (identified by continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring), 3.5-h post-breakfast (B3.5), just after the post-lunch peak (LP), just after the post-lunch dale (LD) and 5 hours after lunch (L5). RESULTS Whereas whole blood glutathione and plasma protein thiols increased in the postprandial period (from 6.52 +/- 1.20 (F) to 7.08 +/- 1.45 micromol/g Hb (BP), p = 0.005), ascorbate decreased gradually from 44 +/- 17 (F) to 39 +/- 19 micromol/L (LD), p = 0.015. Retinol and alpha-tocopherol also decreased from 27.1 +/- 7.0 (F) to 25.3 +/- 5.2 micromol/L (BP), p = 0.005. Uric acid decreased later, from 213 +/- 77 (BP) to 204 +/- 68 micromol/L (B3.5), p = 0.01, but then increased in LP (231 +/- 70 micromol/L) and LD to values higher than F (215 +/- 64, micromol/L, p = 0.01). Malondialdehyde increased gradually from 1.02 +/- 0.36 (F) to a maximum of 1.14 +/- 0.40 micromol/L (LP). In the postabsorptive phase (L5) all parameters except for thiols reverted to fasting concentrations. CONCLUSIONS In type 1 diabetes lipid peroxidation increases during the postprandial phase in parallel to glucose and triglyceride changes. Blood antioxidants, however, followed diverse patterns of change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Manuel-y-Keenoy
- University of Antwerp campus Drie Eiken, Metabolic Research Unit T4.37, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sandu O, Song K, Cai W, Zheng F, Uribarri J, Vlassara H. Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in high-fat-fed mice are linked to high glycotoxin intake. Diabetes 2005; 54:2314-9. [PMID: 16046296 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.54.8.2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) have been linked to insulin resistance in db/db(++) mice. To test whether dietary AGEs play a role in the progression of insulin resistance in normal mice fed high-fat diets, normal C57/BL6 mice were randomly assigned to high-fat diets (35% g fat), either high (HAGE-HF group; 995.4 units/mg AGE) or low (by 2.4-fold LAGE-HF group; 329.6 units/mg AGE) in AGE content for 6 months. Age-matched C57/BL6 and db/db(++) mice fed regular diet (5% g fat, 117.4 units/mg AGE) served as controls. After 6 months, 75% of HAGE-HF mice were diabetic and exhibited higher body weight (P < 0.001), fasting glucose (P < 0.001), insulin (P < 0.001), and serum AGEs (P < 0.01) than control mice, while none of the LAGE-HF mice were diabetic despite a similar rise in body weight and plasma lipids. The HAGE-HF group displayed markedly impaired glucose and insulin responses during glucose tolerance tests and euglycemic and hyperglycemic clamps and altered pancreatic islet structure and function compared with those of LAGE-HF mice, in which findings resembled those of control mice. The HAGE-HF group had more visceral fat (by two- and fourfold) and more AGE-modified fat (by two- and fivefold) than LAGE-HF and control mice, respectively. In the HAGE-HF group, plasma 8-isoprostane was higher (P < 0.01) and adiponectin lower (P < 0.001) than control mice, while in the LAGE-HF group, these were more modestly affected (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes during prolonged high-fat feeding are linked to the excess AGEs/advanced lipoxidation end products inherent in fatty diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oana Sandu
- The Brookdale Department of Geriatrics, Division of Experimental Diabetes and Aging, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1640, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lapidot T, Granit R, Kanner J. Lipid peroxidation by "free" iron ions and myoglobin as affected by dietary antioxidants in simulated gastric fluids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:3383-3390. [PMID: 15853376 DOI: 10.1021/jf040402g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Grilled red turkey muscle (Doner Kabab) is a real "fast food" containing approximately 200 microM hydroperoxides, homogenized in simulated gastric fluid and oxidized more rapidly at pH 3.0 than at pH 5.0, after 180 min, producing 1200 and 600 microM hydroperoxides, respectively. The effects of "free" iron ions and metmyoglobin, two potential catalyzers of lipid peroxidation in muscle foods, were evaluated for linoleic acid peroxidation at pH 3.0 of simulated gastric fluid. The prooxidant effects of free iron ions on linoleic acid peroxidation in simulated gastric fluid was evaluated in the presence of ascorbic acid. At low concentrations of ascorbic acid, the effects were prooxidative, which was reversed at high concentrations. In the presence of metmyoglobin, ascorbic acid with or without free iron enhanced the antioxidative effect. Lipid peroxidation by an iron-ascorbic acid system was inhibited totally by 250-500 microM catechin at pH 3.0. The catechin antioxidant effect was determined also in the iron-ascorbic acid system containing metmyoglobin. In this system, catechin totally inhibited lipid peroxidation at a concentration 20-fold lower than without metmyoglobin. The ability of catechin to inhibit lipid peroxidation was also determined at a low pH with beta-carotene as a sensitive target molecule for oxidation. The results show that a significant protection was achieved only with almost 100-fold higher antioxidant concentration. Polyphenols from different groups were determined for the antioxidant activity at pH 3.0. The results show a high antioxidant activity of polyphenols with orthodihydroxylated groups at the B ring, unsaturation, and the presence of a 4-oxo group in the heterocyclic ring, as demonstrated by quercetin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tair Lapidot
- Department of Food Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gorelik S, Lapidot T, Shaham I, Granit R, Ligumsky M, Kohen R, Kanner J. Lipid peroxidation and coupled vitamin oxidation in simulated and human gastric fluid inhibited by dietary polyphenols: health implications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:3397-402. [PMID: 15853378 DOI: 10.1021/jf040401o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Western diet contains large quantities of oxidized lipids, because a large proportion of the food in the diet is consumed in a fried, heated, processed, or stored form. We investigated the reaction that could occur in the acidic pH of the stomach and accelerate the generation of lipid hydroperoxides and cooxidation of dietary vitamins. To estimate the oxygen content in the stomach after food consumption, oxygen released from masticated bread (20 g) into deoxygenated water (100 mL) was measured. Under these conditions, the oxygen concentration rose by 250 microM and reached a full oxygen saturation. The present study demonstrated that heated red meat homogenized in human gastric fluid, at pH 3.0, generated hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde. The cross-reaction between free radicals produced during this reaction cooxidized vitamin E, beta-carotene, and vitamin C. Both lipid peroxidation and cooxidation of vitamin E and beta-carotene were inhibited at pH 3.0 by red wine polyphenols. Ascorbic acid (44 mg) at a concentration that represented the amount that could be ingested during a meal inhibited lipid peroxidation only slightly. Red wine polyphenols failed to prevent ascorbic acid oxidation significantly but, in conjunction with ascorbic acid, did inhibit lipid peroxidation. In the presence of catechin, a well-known polyphenol found in red wine, ascorbic acid at pH 3.0 works in a synergistic manner preventing lipid peroxidation and beta-carotene cooxidation. The present data may explain the major benefits to our health and the crucial role of consuming food products rich in dietary antioxidants such as fruits, vegetables, red wines, or green tea during the meal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Gorelik
- Department of Food Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Suomela JP, Ahotupa M, Kallio H. Triacylglycerol hydroperoxides not detected in pig small intestinal epithelial cells after a diet rich in oxidized triacylglycerols. Lipids 2005; 40:349-53. [PMID: 16028716 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-1393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The presence of TAG hydroperoxides in the epithelial cells of the small intestines in growing pigs was studied after they had consumed a diet rich in either nonoxidized or oxidized sunflower seed oil (PV in oils, 1 and 190 mequiv O2/kg, respectively). To obtain molecular-level information on the oxidized TAG structures, a new approach based on TLC and HPLC-electrospray ionization-MS was used in the analysis of the samples. TAG hydroperoxides were not detected in the small intestinal mucosa or adipose tissue of either group, whereas TAG hydroxides, ketones, and epoxides were detected in all samples. The results suggest that dietary TAG hydroperoxides do not lead to the appearance of these molecules in the tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jukka-Pekka Suomela
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu J, Chang SKC, Wiesenborn D. Antioxidant properties of soybean isoflavone extract and tofu in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:2333-40. [PMID: 15769177 DOI: 10.1021/jf048552e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones in soybean were extracted in the crude form using 80% food-grade ethanol at 80 degrees C for 6 h and followed by concentration and dehydration. The soy extract contained isoflavones primarily in the forms of glucosides. In vitro antioxidant activities of the soy extract containing 20-500 ppm isoflavones were conducted using a Rancimat method. The results showed that soy isoflavone extract had strong in vitro antioxidant activity. There was a dose-dependent response for the in vitro antioxidant activity at the lower concentrations but not at the higher concentrations. In vivo antioxidant property was determined by measuring the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in various organs of rats that were fed with diets containing partially oxidized oil and various levels of isoflavones for up to 24 weeks. Neither short-term (8 weeks) feeding nor low isoflavone content (50 ppm) induced changes in superoxide dismutase or catalase activities in rats. Only diets containing high isoflavone contents (150 and 250 ppm) showed obvious elevated enzymatic levels in various organs. In addition, a laboratory-prepared tofu containing approximately 50 ppm isoflavones had better effects than the soy extract with the 250 ppm isoflavone group, which indicated that molecules other than isoflavones may have a synergistic effect on in vivo antioxidant enzyme inductions of tofu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sampson M, Davies I, Gavrilovic J, Sussams B, Brown J, Astley S, Hughes DA. Plasma matrix metalloproteinases, low density lipoprotein oxidisability and soluble adhesion molecules after a glucose load in Type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2004; 3:7. [PMID: 15207013 PMCID: PMC441397 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-3-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2004] [Accepted: 06/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute hyperglycaemia is an independent cardiovascular risk factor in Type 2 diabetes which may be mediated through increased oxidative damage to plasma low density lipoprotein, and in vitro, high glucose concentrations promote proatherogenic adhesion molecule expression and matrix metalloproteinase expression. Methods We examined these atherogenic risk markers in 21 subjects with Type 2 diabetes and 20 controls during an oral 75 g glucose tolerance test. Plasma soluble adhesion molecule concentrations [E-selectin, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1], plasma matrix metalloproteinases [MMP-3 and 9] and plasma LDL oxidisability were measured at 30 minute intervals. Results In the diabetes group, the concentrations of all plasma soluble adhesion molecules fell promptly [all p < 0.0001] related principally to glycaemic excursions, but such changes also occurred in the control group. Plasma MMP-3 and -9 concentrations were lower [p < 0.05], and LDL oxidisability greater [p < 0.01] in the diabetes group but did not change in either group. There was a direct relationship between plasma MMP-9 and s ICAM-1 in the controls [r = 0.62; p = 0.006] perhaps suggesting a functional relationship between s ICAM-1 shedding and MMP-9. Conclusions A glucose load leads to a rapid fall in plasma soluble adhesion molecule concentrations in Type 2 diabetes and controls, perhaps reflecting reduced generation of soluble from membrane forms during enhanced leukocyte – endothelial adhesion or increased hepatic clearance, without changes in plasma matrix metalloproteinase concentrations or low density lipoprotein oxidisability. These in vivo findings are in contrast with in vitro data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mike Sampson
- Bertram Diabetes Research Unit, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, NR1 3SR, UK
| | - Isabel Davies
- Bertram Diabetes Research Unit, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, NR1 3SR, UK
| | - Jelena Gavrilovic
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR3 2S1 UK
| | - Brendan Sussams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR3 2S1 UK
| | - Jackie Brown
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Sian Astley
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - David A Hughes
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hayes KC, Pronczuk A, Perlman D. Nonesterified phytosterols dissolved and recrystallized in oil reduce plasma cholesterol in gerbils and humans. J Nutr 2004; 134:1395-9. [PMID: 15173402 DOI: 10.1093/jn/134.6.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
When free phytosterols are adequately heated and then cooled in fat, they recrystallize and are rendered bioavailable for blocking cholesterol absorption. To extend the application of phytosterols to fried foods, the activity of these modified crystals was assessed in 2 experiments with 26 male gerbils fed purified diets containing 0.15 g/100 g cholesterol with or without 0.75 g/100 g free phytosterols. The heat-modified soybean sterols were added directly to the diet (Expt. 1) or as phytosterol-enriched potato chips (Expt. 2). In the gerbil experiments, only the diet containing phytosterols significantly reduced plasma cholesterol (35-48%) and the total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (40%), as well as hepatic cholesterol esters (80%). In a subsequent human study, subjects (n = 7) consumed two 28-g servings of tortilla chips fried in oil with or without phytosterols that provided 0 or 1.5 g/d for 4-wk periods in a crossover design (Expt. 3). During consumption of the phytosterol-enriched chips, significant reductions in plasma cholesterol (10%) and LDL cholesterol (15%) were achieved without affecting HDL-C. This novel means of delivering free phytosterols proved to be both functionally efficient and effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C Hayes
- Foster Biomedical Research Laboratory, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Traditional risk factors as measured in the fasted individual are reported to be responsible for the prediction of only half of the incident cases of cardiovascular disease. However, many complex and deleterious reactions occur in the postprandial state. The consequences of oxidative reactions occurring during this time represent major risk for fatal and nonfatal heart disease, ischemia, and stroke, and include oxidative modifications to low-density lipoproteins (LDL), decreased production and bioactivity of nitric oxide (NO) in endothelial cells, and reduced endothelial function. Supplementation with antioxidants may prevent or reduce many of these risks. Antioxidants have been shown to reduce oxidative modification to LDL cholesterol, prevent glucose auto-oxidation, improve the bioactivity of NO, and attenuate or prevent the decrease in endothelial function associated with the postprandial state. Because many nonfasting reactions represent major risk for disease, postprandial risk analysis must form a larger part of the diagnostic strategy for disease prevention in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin D Kay
- Department of Human Biology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, ANNU Building, Room 342, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Staprans I, Pan XM, Rapp JH, Feingold KR. Oxidized cholesterol in the diet is a source of oxidized lipoproteins in human serum. J Lipid Res 2003; 44:705-15. [PMID: 12562864 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m200266-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine in humans whether oxidized cholesterol in the diet is absorbed and contributes to the pool of oxidized lipids in circulating lipoproteins. When a meal containing 400 mg cholestan-5alpha,6alpha-epoxy-3beta-ol (alpha-epoxy cholesterol) was fed to six controls and three subjects with Type III hyperlipoproteinemia, alpha-epoxy cholesterol in serum was found in chylomicron/chylomicron remnants (CM/RM) and endogenous (VLDL, LDL, and HDL) lipoproteins. In controls, alpha-epoxy cholesterol in CM/RM was decreased by 10 h, whereas in endogenous lipoproteins it remained in the circulation for 72 h. In subjects with Type III hyperlipoproteinemia, alpha-epoxy cholesterol was mainly in CM/RM. In vitro incubation of the CM/RM fraction containing alpha-epoxy cholesterol with human LDL and HDL that did not contain alpha-epoxy cholesterol resulted in a rapid transfer of oxidized cholesterol from CM/RM to both LDL and HDL. In contrast, no transfer was observed when human serum was substituted with rat serum, suggesting that cholesteryl ester transfer protein is mediating the transfer. Thus, alpha-epoxy cholesterol in the diet is incorporated into the CM/RM fraction and then transferred to LDL and HDL, contributing to lipoprotein oxidation. Moreover, LDL containing alpha-epoxy cholesterol displayed increased susceptibility to further copper oxidation in vitro. It is possible that oxidized cholesterol in the diet accelerates atherosclerosis by increasing oxidized cholesterol levels in circulating LDL and chylomicron remnants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Staprans
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Turek JJ, Watkins BA, Schoenlein IA, Allen KGD, Hayek MG, Aldrich CG. Oxidized lipid depresses canine growth, immune function, and bone formation. J Nutr Biochem 2003; 14:24-31. [PMID: 12559474 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(02)00221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dietary oxidized lipids can increase oxidative stress and potentially contribute to a variety of disease syndromes. This research describes the first use of a canine model to assess the effects of dietary oxidized lipids on growth, antioxidant status, and some immune functions. Three groups of eight, two-month old coon-hound puppies were pair fed diets for 16 weeks. The control diet contained <50 ppm aldehydes, and two additional diets contained thermally oxidized lipids targeted to contain 100 ppm aldehydes (medium-oxidation) and 500 ppm aldehydes (high-oxidation). Dogs fed the high-oxidation diet weighed less than those from the medium-oxidation (P < 0.05) and control groups (P < 0.001) at the end of the study. Oxidized lipids reduced serum vitamin E levels, total body fat content, and bone appositional rate. At different time points of the study, peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes from dogs fed the HO diet had reduced oxidative burst capacity and produced less superoxide and hydrogen peroxide when stimulated with phorbol esters compared to the control group. Lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to concanavalin A was suppressed by dietary oxidized lipid. This study indicates that dietary oxidized lipids negatively affect the growth, antioxidant status, and some immune functions of dogs. Importantly, some effects are evident at 100 ppm aldehydes in the diet, which is a moderate level of oxidation. The rapid growth and weight gain of the dog during the first 6 months of life may also provide a better model for assessing the risks of dietary oxidized lipid in children and adolescents than previously used rodent models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Turek
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Natella F, Belelli F, Gentili V, Ursini F, Scaccini C. Grape seed proanthocyanidins prevent plasma postprandial oxidative stress in humans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:7720-7725. [PMID: 12475295 DOI: 10.1021/jf020346o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Postprandial hyperlipemia is a well-defined risk factor for atherosclerosis. A reasonable contributing mechanism could involve the postprandial increase of plasma lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) affecting the oxidant/antioxidant balance and increasing the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. Wine has been shown to prevent both these events. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of supplementing a meal with grape seed proanthocyanidins (the main phenolic antioxidant of red wine) on plasma postprandial oxidative stress. In two different sessions, 8 healthy volunteers consumed the same test meal rich in oxidized and oxidizable lipids without (control) or with 300 mg of a proanthocyanidin-rich grape seeds extract (GSE). Lipid hydroperoxide concentration, antioxidant status, and LDL resistance to oxidative modification were measured in postprandial plasma. The content of LPO in chylomicrons was 1.5-fold higher after the control meal than after the GSE-supplemented meal. Plasma LPO increased only after consumption of the control meal. The plasma antioxidant capacity increased in the postprandial phase only following the GSE supplemented meal. LDL isolated 3 h after the control meal tended to be more susceptible to oxidative modification (but the difference did not reach statistical significance). An opposite trend was observed following the GSE supplemented meal. In conclusion, the supplementation of a meal with GSE minimizes the postprandial oxidative stress by decreasing the oxidants and increasing the antioxidant levels in plasma, and, as a consequence, enhancing the resistance to oxidative modification of LDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fausta Natella
- Free Radical Research Group, National Research Institute for Food and Nutrition, INRAN, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Vlassara H, Cai W, Crandall J, Goldberg T, Oberstein R, Dardaine V, Peppa M, Rayfield EJ. Inflammatory mediators are induced by dietary glycotoxins, a major risk factor for diabetic angiopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:15596-601. [PMID: 12429856 PMCID: PMC137762 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.242407999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2002] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is a major environmental source of proinflammatory AGEs (heat-generated advanced glycation end products); its impact in humans remains unclear. We explored the effects of two equivalent diets, one regular (high AGE, H-AGE) and the other with 5-fold lower AGE (L-AGE) content on inflammatory mediators of 24 diabetic subjects: 11 in a 2-week crossover and 13 in a 6-week study. After 2 weeks on H-AGE, serum AGEs increased by 64.5% (P = 0.02) and on L-AGE decreased by 30% (P = 0.02). The mononuclear cell tumor necrosis factor-alphabeta-actin mRNA ratio was 1.4 +/- 0.5 on H-AGE and 0.9 +/- 0.5 on L-AGE (P = 0.05), whereas serum vascular adhesion molecule-1 was 1,108 +/- 429 and 698 +/- 347 ngml (P = 0.01) on L- and H-AGE, respectively. After 6 weeks, peripheral blood mononuclear cell tumor necrosis factor-alpha rose by 86.3% (P = 0.006) and declined by 20% (P, not significant) on H- or L-AGE diet, respectively; C-reactive protein increased by 35% on H-AGE and decreased by 20% on L-AGE (P = 0.014), and vascular adhesion molecule-1 declined by 20% on L-AGE (P < 0.01) and increased by 4% on H-AGE. Serum AGEs were increased by 28.2% on H-AGE (P = 0.06) and reduced by 40% on L-AGE (P = 0.02), whereas AGE low density lipoprotein was increased by 32% on H-AGE and reduced by 33% on L-AGE diet (P < 0.05). Thus in diabetes, environmental (dietary) AGEs promote inflammatory mediators, leading to tissue injury. Restriction of dietary AGEs suppresses these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Vlassara
- Division of Experimental Diabetes and Aging, Department of Geriatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ceriello A, Quagliaro L, Catone B, Pascon R, Piazzola M, Bais B, Marra G, Tonutti L, Taboga C, Motz E. Role of hyperglycemia in nitrotyrosine postprandial generation. Diabetes Care 2002; 25:1439-43. [PMID: 12145247 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.25.8.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, much attention has been paid to the possibility that postprandial hyperglycemia may be a cardiovascular risk factor in diabetes. Oxidative stress has been involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, and increased plasma levels of nitrotyrosine, a product of peroxynitrite action, have been found in the plasma of diabetic subjects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether postprandial hyperglycemia is accompanied by nitrotyrosine generation and, if so, to explore a possible direct role of hyperglycemia in such a phenomenon. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 23 type 2 diabetic patients and 15 matched normal healthy subjects were recruited for this study. Two different tests were performed in diabetic patients: a standard meal preceded by regular insulin (0.15 units/kg body wt) or insulin aspart (0.15 units/kg body wt) to achieve different levels of postprandial hyperglycemia. The meal test was also performed in healthy control subjects. At 0 min and 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after each meal, blood glucose, triglyceride, and nitrotyrosine levels were measured. RESULTS Fasting nitrotyrosine was significantly increased in diabetic patients and was further increased during both meal tests in diabetic subjects but not normal subjects. As compared with regular insulin, aspart administration significantly reduced the area under the curve of both glycemia (P < 0.04) and nitrotyrosine (P < 0.03), whereas that of triglycerides was not significantly affected by the treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study shows a direct correlation between postprandial hyperglycemia and the production of nitrotyrosine, a marker of oxidative stress, in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ceriello
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, Experimental and Clinical, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
In recent years the endothelium has emerged as an important protective barrier against the development of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction, often characterised by impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation, is generally considered to be an early marker of cardiovascular disease. Recently, it has been noted that the post-prandial state is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Since man lives in a post-prandial state most of the day, prolonged exposure to dietary factors which impair endothelial function or delayed post-prandial recovery of the endothelium could negatively affect the cardiovascular risk profile. This review will focus on post-prandial endothelial function characterised by endothelium-dependent changes in vasomotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eelco J P de Koning
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Diabetes F02.126, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sampson MJ, Gopaul N, Davies IR, Hughes DA, Carrier MJ. Plasma F2 isoprostanes: direct evidence of increased free radical damage during acute hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002; 25:537-41. [PMID: 11874943 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.25.3.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes increases the generation of plasma 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 (8-epi-PGF2alpha) isoprostane, a sensitive direct marker of in vivo free radical oxidative damage to membrane phospholipids. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 21 patients with type 2 diabetes underwent an oral 75-g glucose tolerance test. Plasma 8-epi-PGF2alpha isoprostane concentrations (by gas chromatography [GC]/mass spectrometry [MS]), intralymphocyte reduced-to-oxidized glutathione ratios, and plasma total antioxidant capacity were measured at baseline and 90 min after glucose loading. RESULTS Plasma 8-epi-PGF2alpha isoprostane concentrations rose significantly (P=0. 010) from 0.241 +/- 0.1 to 0.326 +/- 0.17 ng/l after 90 min. Intracellular oxidative balance and plasma antioxidant capacity did not change in either group. CONCLUSIONS Plasma concentrations of 8-epi-PGF2alpha isoprostane increase during acute hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, providing direct evidence of free radical-mediated oxidative damage and demonstrating a pathway for an association between acute rather than fasting hyperglycemia and macrovascular risk in type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Sampson
- Bertram Diabetes Research Unit, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital National Health Service Trust, Norwich, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidized fats and lipid oxidation products in the diet can contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The present review summarizes studies that show that oxidized fat and lipid oxidation products are present in human foods; that these compounds are absorbed by the intestine and appear in the blood circulation; and that these ingested substances can have deleterious cardiovascular effects in both humans and experimental animals. However, considerable additional research is required to establish the extent to which dietary fat oxidation poses a threat to human health and/or longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Cohn
- Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis Research Group, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Wilson R, Lyall K, Smyth L, Fernie CE, Riemersma RA. Dietary hydroxy fatty acids are absorbed in humans: implications for the measurement of 'oxidative stress' in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2002; 32:162-8. [PMID: 11796205 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation products formed in vivo or originating from the diet may lead to atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the absorption of these products in man. We studied the absorption of fat (30 g) containing 14-15 mg [U-13C]-labeled hydroxy or dihydroxy triglycerides in two groups of six apparently healthy women aged 40 +/- 2 years. Post-prandial 13C-labeled hydroxy fatty acid concentration increased in a pattern somewhat different from that of plasma triglycerides, with peak levels being reached between 4 and 6 h. However, the amount of 13C-labeled oxidized fat absorbed (area under the curve of plasma concentrations from 0 to 8 h) was related to that of plasma triglycerides: 13C hydroxy vs TG (r = 0.88, p <.02), and 13C dihydroxy vs TG (r = 0.85, p <.05). 13C monohydroxy triglycerides appeared to be absorbed to a greater extent than those of 13C dihydroxy triglycerides. Although low levels of 13C hydroxy lipids could be detected in fasting plasma after 24 h, concentrations were very low. Dietary lipid oxidation products are absorbed. The measurement of hydroxy fatty acids in plasma total lipids may not be a valid marker of lipid peroxidation in vivo when subjects are not fasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wilson
- Cardiovascular Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kanner J, Lapidot T. The stomach as a bioreactor: dietary lipid peroxidation in the gastric fluid and the effects of plant-derived antioxidants. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 31:1388-95. [PMID: 11728810 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis may result partly from processes that occur following food consumption and that involve oxidized lipids in chylomicrons. We investigated reactions that could occur in the acidic pH of the stomach and accelerate the generation of lipid hydroperoxides and co-oxidation of dietary constituents. The ability of dietary polyphenols to invert catalysis from pro-oxidation to antioxidation was examined. The acidic pH of gastric fluid amplified lipid peroxidation catalyzed by metmyoglobin or iron ions. Metmyoglobin catalyzed peroxidation of edible oil, resulting in 8-fold increase of hydroperoxide concentration. The incubation of heated muscle tissue in simulated gastric fluid for 2 h enhanced hydroperoxides accumulation by 6-fold to 1200 microM. In the presence of catechin or red wine polyphenols, metmyoglobin catalyzed the breakdown of hydroperoxides to zero, totally preventing lipid peroxidation and beta-carotene cooxidation. We suggest that human gastric fluid may be an excellent medium for enhancing the oxidation of lipids and other dietary constituents. The results indicate the potentially harmful effects of oxidized fats intake in the presence of endogenous catalysts found in foods, and the major benefit of including in the meal plant dietary antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kanner
- Department of Food Science, ARO, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wallace AJ, Sutherland WH, Mann JI, Williams SM. The effect of meals rich in thermally stressed olive and safflower oils on postprandial serum paraoxonase activity in patients with diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 2001; 55:951-8. [PMID: 11641743 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2000] [Revised: 04/03/2001] [Accepted: 04/08/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of meals rich in thermally stressed safflower (TSAF) and olive (TSOL) oils on postprandial serum paraoxonase (PON1) arylesterase activity and low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN A randomised cross-over study. SETTING Diabetes clinic and general practice. SUBJECTS Fourteen patients (six men and eight women) with type 2 diabetes, aged 48-67 y, glycated haemoglobin <10% and fasting blood glucose <11 mmol/l were recruited. INTERVENTIONS Patients received a milkshake rich in TSAF or TSOL and at least a week later they received the alternate milkshake. These fats contained high levels of lipid oxidation and degradation products. Blood samples were taken fasted and 4 h after consumption of the milkshake. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum PON1 activity and lag time in LDL oxidation. RESULTS After the meal rich in TSOL, serum PON1 activity increased significantly in women (12 (2.22) micromol/ml/min, mean (95% confidence interval), P=0.03) and not in men (0 (-4.4) micromol/ml/min) during the postprandial period. The increase in PON1 activity after the TSOL meal was significantly (P=0.03) greater in women compared with men. In women, the increase in serum PON1 activity after the TSOL meal was significantly different (13 (1.25) micromol/ml/min, P=0.04) compared with the corresponding change (-1 micromol/ml/min) after the TSAF meal. The lag time in LDL oxidation and indices of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity did not vary significantly during the meals. CONCLUSIONS Meals rich in TSOL may increase postprandial serum PON1 activity in middle-aged and older diabetic women. This change is potentially anti-atherogenic and may favour the use of olive oil over polyunsaturated fats in the diet of patients with type 2 diabetes. SPONSORSHIP The study was supported by a grant from the National Heart Foundation of New Zealand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Wallace
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Natella F, Ghiselli A, Guidi A, Ursini F, Scaccini C. Red wine mitigates the postprandial increase of LDL susceptibility to oxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 30:1036-44. [PMID: 11316584 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to verify the extent of oxidative stress induced by a meal at plasma and LDL level, and to investigate the capacity of red wine to counteract this action. In two different sessions, six healthy men ate the same test meal consisting of "Milanese" meat and fried potatoes. The meal was taken either with 400 ml red wine or with an isocaloric hydroalcoholic solution. Oxidative stress at plasma level was estimated through the measure of ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, protein SH groups, uric acid, and antioxidant capacity, measured before and 1 and 3 h after the meal. The change in the resistance of LDL to oxidative modification was taken as an index of exposure to pro-oxidants. The susceptibility to Cu(II)-catalyzed oxidation of baseline and postprandial LDL was measured as conjugated dienes formation, tryptophan residues, and relative electrophoretic mobility. The experimental meal taken with wine provoked a significant increase in the total plasma antioxidant capacity and in the plasma concentration of alpha-tocopherol and SH groups. Postprandial LDL was more susceptible to metal-catalyzed oxidation than the homologous baseline LDL after the ethanol meal. On the contrary, postprandial LDL obtained after the wine meal was as resistant or more resistant to lipid peroxidation than fasting LDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Natella
- Free Radical Research Group, National Research Institute for Food and Nutrition, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ceriello A, Bortolotti N, Motz E, Lizzio S, Catone B, Assaloni R, Tonutti L, Taboga C. Red wine protects diabetic patients from meal-induced oxidative stress and thrombosis activation: a pleasant approach to the prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Eur J Clin Invest 2001; 31:322-8. [PMID: 11298779 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2001.00818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and thrombosis have been reported to be increased in diabetic patients and involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications. It has been demonstrated in diabetic patients that consumption of a meal is accompanied by the generation of an oxidative stress and of a hypercoagulable state. It is well recognized that red wine shows antithrombotic activity and that its ingestion increases plasma antioxidant capacity in man. In this study the possibility that red wine consumption may reduce the oxidative stress and thrombosis produced postprandially in diabetic patients has been evaluated. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty type 2 diabetic patients were studied during fasting consumption of 300 mL of red wine, or during a meal accompanied, or not, by red wine ingestion. RESULTS Plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total plasma radical-trapping capacity, activated factor VII and prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 were measured in basal state and at 60, 120 and 180 min after the start of each experiment. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation was also evaluated at baseline and after 120 min Plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides and LDL oxidation significantly increased, while the total plasma radical-trapping parameter significantly decreased during the meal test. Consumption of red wine in the fasting state significantly increased total plasma radical-trapping parameter activity, while wine ingestion with a meal counterbalanced the decrease of total plasma radical-trapping parameter and the increase of LDL oxidation. Meal consumption induced an increase in plasma prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 and activated factor VII in diabetic patients. Wine ingestion with the meal significantly reduced the production of both prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 and activated factor VII. Fasting consumption of red wine alone did not show effects on coagulation or LDL oxidation. CONCLUSION This finding confirms that in the absorptive phase free radicals are produced in diabetic patients, which reduce serum antioxidant defences, increase LDL oxidation and activate the coagulation system. Red wine consumption during a meal significantly preserves plasma antioxidant defences and reduces both LDL oxidation and thrombotic activation. The consumption of a moderate amount of red wine during meals may have a beneficial effect in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ceriello
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, Experimental and Clinical, University of Udine, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|