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Akash MSH, Shahid M, Suhail S, Rehman K, Nadeem A, Mir TM. Tetra-ARMS PCR analysis of angiotensinogen AGT T174M (rs4762) genetic polymorphism in diabetic patients: a comprehensive study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1240291. [PMID: 37693342 PMCID: PMC10485609 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1240291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Hypertension (HTN) is a multifactorial chronic disease that poses a significant global health burden and is associated with increased mortality rates. It often coexists with other conditions, such as cardiovascular, liver, and renal diseases, and has a strong association with diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction commonly occur in individuals with both HTN and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Genetic factors, along with environmental and pathological factors, play a role in the development of HTN. Recent studies have revealed the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various genes on HTN. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genetic polymorphism of angiotensinogen (AGT) T174M (rs4762) and its association with HTN in diabetic patients. Methods A total of 300 participants were enrolled in this study and divided into three groups: control, hypertensive, and hypertensive diabetic. Blood samples were collected, and predetermined biochemical parameters were assessed. Genotyping of the AGT T174M (rs4762) gene was conducted using Tetra ARMS PCR with specific primers. Results The study findings revealed a significant association between AGT T174M (rs4762) genotype and HTN in diabetic patients within the Pakistani population. The C/T genotype of AGT T174M (rs4762) was found to be significant in both the hypertensive and hypertensive diabetic participants compared to the control group. This genotype was identified as a risk factor for developing HTN in both the hypertensive and hypertensive diabetic participants. Conclusion This study demonstrates a significant association between AGT T174M (rs4762) genetic polymorphism and HTN in diabetic patients. The C/T genotype of AGT T174M (rs4762) may serve as a potential marker for identifying individuals at risk of developing HTN, specifically in the hypertensive and hypertensive diabetic populations. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and validate these findings in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Momina Shahid
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaleem Suhail
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chenab, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahir Maqbool Mir
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
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El Alami H, Ghazal H, Abidi O, Al Idrissi N, Wakrim L, Naamane A, Khlil N, Hamdi S. Relationship between insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102386. [PMID: 35033991 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The association between insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the effect of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism on T2DM in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA region). MATERIAL AND METHODS Our data was extracted from PubMed, Science Direct, and the Web of Science. The predefined inclusion criteria included only the human case-control studies of English Peer-reviewed papers containing the data on genotype distributions of ACE I/D polymorphism and the T2DM risk. Review articles, meeting abstracts, editorials, animal studies, and studies not providing genotype distribution data or without sufficient data were excluded from this work. Results of this meta-analysis were expressed using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Indeed, the potential sources of heterogeneity and bias were examined by the Egger regression. RESULTS Of 2755 identified articles, 10 studies were selected, including 2710 patients with T2DM and 2504 control subjects. Overall, we found a significant increased risk of T2DM susceptibility and the D allele of ACE I/D gene polymorphism (OR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.33-2.93, p = 0.0007), recessive (OR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.27-3.67; p = 0.004), dominant (OR = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.54-3.91; p = 0.0001), homozygote (OR = 3.35; 95% CI = 1.78-6.29; p = 0.0001) and heterozygote comparisons (OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.07-2.88; p = 0.024). CONCLUSION Our result suggests that this polymorphism may contribute to the development of T2DM in the MENA Region. This result needs to be confirmed by future well-designed studies with larger sample sizes in diverse populations and ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda El Alami
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Morocco; Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Nutrition, and Environment, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hassan Ghazal
- National Center for Scientific and Technical Research, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Omar Abidi
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Casablanca, Ministry of Health, Morocco
| | - Najib Al Idrissi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco, Hospital Cheikh Khalifa, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Lahcen Wakrim
- Virology Unit, Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abderrahmane Naamane
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Nutrition, and Environment, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Naima Khlil
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Nutrition, and Environment, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Salsabil Hamdi
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Morocco.
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Association of ACE I/D gene polymorphism and related risk factors in impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes: a study among two tribal populations of North-East India. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1037-1044. [PMID: 34757597 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a serious public health concern in India, even the indigenous tribal populations are not left unaffected. The present study aims to understand the association of major risk factors i.e. obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, ACE I/D polymorphism with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) among two different Mendelian populations of North East India. METHODS Demographic, somatometric, physiological variables along with fasting blood samples were collected from 609 individuals. The participants were screened for ACE I/D polymorphism. RESULTS ACE I/D polymorphism was found to follow HWE among Liangmai tribe but not among Mizo tribe. Distribution of DD genotype/D allele was found to be significantly higher for T2D among Mizo tribe. Significant association were observed between DD genotype/D allele of ACE I/D polymorphism and TC as well as LDL with both IFG and T2D only in Mizo tribe. CONCLUSIONS The present study is an example of gene-environment interaction where DD genotype or D allele and dyslipidemia (high TC and high LDL) are posing risk for IFG and T2D both independently and in combination only among Mizo tribe with relatively less physical activity attributed to their residence in less hilly terrain however Liangmai tribe which resides in high hilly terrain shows no such association.
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Yang XM, Liang JP, Huang XJ, Wang XR, Sun Y, Dong C, Cui YL, Hui WL. A Novel PCR Method for Detecting ACE Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphisms and its Clinical Application. Biol Proced Online 2021; 23:2. [PMID: 33413084 PMCID: PMC7791644 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-020-00140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a major role in blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular homeostasis. The wide distribution and multifunctional properties of ACE suggest it’s involvement in various pathophysiological conditions. Results In this study, a novel visual detection method for ACE I/D polymorphisms was designed by integrating direct PCR without the need for DNA extraction using gold magnetic nanoparticles (GMNPs)-based lateral flow assay (LFA) biosensor. The entire detection procedure could enable the genotyping of clinical samples in about 80 min. The detection limit was 0.75 ng and results could be obtained in 5 min using the LFA device. Three hundred peripheral blood samples were analyzed using the direct PCR-LFA system and then verified by sequencing to determine accuracy and repeatability. A clinical preliminary study was then performed to analyze a total of 633 clinical samples. Conclusions After grouping based on age, we found a significant difference between the genotypes and the age of patients in the CHD group. The introduction of this method into clinical practice may be helpful for the diagnosis of diseases caused by large fragment gene insertions/deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Min Yang
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China
| | - Jian-Ping Liang
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Huang
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Wang
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Data Center of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China
| | - Chen Dong
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China
| | - Ya-Li Cui
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China. .,Shanxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Nano-Biomedical Detection, Xi'an, 710077, Shanxi, China.
| | - Wen-Li Hui
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, China. .,Shanxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Nano-Biomedical Detection, Xi'an, 710077, Shanxi, China.
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Habibullah M, Akter F, Qin X, Lohani M, Aldughaim MS, Al-Kaabi Y. Association between Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme- Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Diabetes Mellitus-2 in Saudi Population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:119-123. [PMID: 33507688 PMCID: PMC8184165 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.1.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The association of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been debated vigorously but still remains controversial. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the possible association between ACE I/D polymorphism and T2DM and hypertension (HTN) in a population of Saudi Arabian participants. Methods: A total of 143 individuals were recruited for the study, consisting of 74 controls and 69 patients with T2DM. Genotyping was performed via polymerase chain reaction. Results: The genotype frequencies for DD, ID and II in controls were 52.7%, 39.2% and 8.1%, whereas in T2D patients it was 52.2%, 40.6% and 7.2% respectively. The DD frequency was highest out of the three genotypes in both the controls and the T2DM patients. Conclusion: There was no significant difference found in the genotype and allele frequencies between cases and controls, suggesting that insertion/deletion polymorphism in the ACE gene may not be associated with an increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in our study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Habibullah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhana Akter
- Department of Medicine, University Of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xingping Qin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Centre, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | | | | | - Yahia Al-Kaabi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
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SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 mortalities strongly correlate with ACE1 I/D genotype. Gene 2020; 758:144944. [PMID: 32628976 PMCID: PMC7833925 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 infection is characterized by its prominent effect on specific ethnic group. SARS-CoV-2 cases/mortality were negatively associated with ACE1 II genotype. The ACE1 II genotype could be a predictive marker of SARS-CoV-2 risk and severity.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The relentless spread and pathogenicity of the virus have become a global public health emergency. One of the striking features of this pandemic is the pronounced impact on specific regions and ethnic groups. In particular, compared with East Asia, where the virus first emerged, SARS-CoV-2 has caused high rates of morbidity and mortality in Europe. This has not been experienced in past global viral infections, such as influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and is unique to SARS-CoV-2. For this reason, we investigated the involvement of genetic factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection with a focus on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-related genes, because ACE2 is a receptor for SARS-CoV-2. We found that the ACE1 II genotype frequency in a population was significantly negatively correlated with the number of SARS-CoV-2 cases. Similarly, the ACE1 II genotype was negatively correlated with the number of deaths due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data suggest that the ACE1 II genotype may influence the prevalence and clinical outcome of COVID-19 and serve as a predictive marker for COVID-19 risk and severity.
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Kwon I. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism is not associated with BMI in Korean adults. Phys Act Nutr 2020; 24:24-28. [PMID: 32408411 PMCID: PMC7451838 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2020.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies have demonstrated a probable association between ACE I/D polymorphism and obesity. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether ACE I/D polymorphism influenced the susceptibly of developing obesity in Korean adults. METHODS A total of 353 healthy Korean adults aged between 30 and 82 years were recruited, including 157 males and 196 females. Among the participants, 103 (29.2 %) were classified as normal (BMI < 23 kg/m2), 117 (33.1 %) as overweight (23 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2), and 133 (37.7 %) as obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). ACE polymorphism (rs1799752) analysis was performed using the MGB TaqMan® SNP Genotyping assay with 3 types of primers and 2 types of probes. The distributions of the ACE genotypes and allele frequencies were analyzed among the three groups using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, chi-square tests, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS The distribution of the ACE genotypes were as follows: normal [II: n=38 (36.9 %), ID: n=46 (36.8 %), DD: n=19 (18.4 %)], overweight [II: n=43 (36.8 %), ID: n=55 (47.0 %), DD: n=19 (16.2 %)], and obese [II: n=41 (30.8 %), ID: n=76 (57.0 %), DD: n=16 (12.0 %)]. Unexpectedly, the I allele, rather than the D allele, was common in the obese group. CONCLUSION ACE I/D polymorphism is not associated with BMI in Korean adults. Thus, it is unlikely to be a powerful candidate gene for obesity in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insu Kwon
- Research Institute of Sports Science & Industry, Hanyang University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
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Lelis DDF, Pereira AC, Krieger JE, Mill JG, Santos SHS, Baldo MP. Polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system are not associated with overweight and obesity in a general adult population. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2019; 63:402-410. [PMID: 31365628 PMCID: PMC10528654 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The increased prevalence of obesity and associated comorbidities, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, has gained attention worldwide, and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been pointed out as a possible link. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the possible association between angiotensinogen (AGT) or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphisms with overweight and obesity in adults. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The present investigation was a population-based cross-sectional study including 1,567 individuals from an urban area in Brazil. Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters were evaluated, and all individuals were genotyped for the ACE I/D and AGT M/T polymorphisms. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight was higher among men, whereas obesity was more prevalent among women. However, the frequency of ACE or AGT polymorphisms was similar among body mass index (BMI) categories. In addition, the mean age-adjusted BMI averages did not change significantly for ACE or AGT polymorphisms, regardless of sex or BMI category. The age-adjusted BMI average for the combination of ACE and AGT genotypes evidenced no significant differences regardless of sex or BMI categories. Results were similar when BMI was replaced by waist circumference (WC). CONCLUSIONS We were not able to find any associations between BMI and WC (overweight/obesity) and ACE and AGT polymorphisms, indicating that the RAS system might not be involved in overweight and obesity, at least based on genetic backgrounds. However, further studies must measure RAS components to elucidate this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah de Farias Lelis
- Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Estadual de Montes ClarosMontes ClarosMGBrasilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Costa Pereira
- Universidade de São PauloInstituto do CoraçãoUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasilInstituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - José Eduardo Krieger
- Universidade de São PauloInstituto do CoraçãoUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasilInstituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - José Geraldo Mill
- Universidade Federal do Espírito SantoDepartamento de Ciências FisiológicasUniversidade Federal do Espírito SantoVitóriaESBrasilDepartamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Estadual de Montes ClarosMontes ClarosMGBrasilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisInstituto de Ciências Agrárias (ICA)Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrasilInstituto de Ciências Agrárias (ICA), Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Perim Baldo
- Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Estadual de Montes ClarosMontes ClarosMGBrasilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
- Faculdades Integradas PitágorasDepartamento de MedicinaFaculdades Integradas PitágorasMontes ClarosMGBrasilDepartamento de Medicina, Faculdades Integradas Pitágoras, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
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Effects of Interactions among Gene Polymorphisms of the Renin–Angiotensin-Aldosterone System on Hypertension in Turkish People from Southeast Anatolia. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2019-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension (HT) is characterized by high blood pressure. The reninangiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a crucial role in blood pressure (BP) regulation by maintaining vascular tone and the water-sodium balance. We aimed to investigate whether there is any relation between AGT (M235T), ACE (I/D), and AGTR1 (A1166C) genetic polymorphisms and hypertension among Turkish people from Southeast Anatolia.
Method and Results: A total of 210 individuals, consisting of 102 healthy controls and 108 patients with essential hypertension admitted to the Cardiology Department of the Adıyaman University Research and Application Hospital were included the study. DNA isolation was performed from the blood samples via commercial kit. Genotype determination was determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Statistically significant differences were found between the control and patient groups in terms of genotype distribution and allelic frequencies of ACE I/D polymorphisms. Significant differences were found in the frequencies of ICM, DCM, DCT, DAT between the patient and control groups.
Conclusions: In this study, we found a significant association of ACE I/D polymorphism with HT, and we showed that the I allele can increase the risk of HT in Turkish people from Southeast Anatolia. Although we did not find any association between independent AGT M235T and AGT1R A1166C polymorphisms and HT, we observed that the DCM, DCT, and DAT haplotypes of ACE/AGT1R/AGT polymorphisms reduced the risk of hypertension, while the ICM haplotype increased it.
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Qiao YC, Wang M, Pan YH, Zhang XX, Tian F, Chen YL, Zhao HL. The relationship between ACE/AGT gene polymorphisms and the risk of diabetic retinopathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2018; 19:1470320317752955. [PMID: 29378484 PMCID: PMC5843891 DOI: 10.1177/1470320317752955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study aims to investigate the association between renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphism and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We consecutively included 1491 patients for the assessment of ACE I/D and AGT M/T gene polymorphisms in 345 DR cases and 1146 patients without retinopathy (DNR). Albuminuria was defined by urine albumin creatinine ratio and albumin excretion rate. Results: Compared with the NDR patients, the DR cases displayed a higher proportion of diabetic nephropathy (32.68% vs. 6.52%, χ2 = 150.713, p < 0.001). The DR cases and DNR individuals did not differ in the frequency of genotypes and alleles of ACE I/D and AGT M/T (all p > 0.05). Intriguingly, DR patients with obesity showed higher frequency of DD (χ2 = 4.181, p = 0.041), but no significant difference exists in the other stratified BMI and hypertension analyses (all p > 0.05). Binary logistic regression displays that the association of the ACE and AGT gene polymorphisms in DR patients is not significant after adjusting for confounding covariates in all the comparisons. Conclusions: The ACE and AGT gene polymorphisms are not associated with the progress of diabetes developing into retinopathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. However, more investigations are needed to further prove the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chao Qiao
- 1 Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, China
| | - Min Wang
- 2 Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, China.,3 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, China
| | - Yan-Hong Pan
- 2 Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Zhang
- 2 Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, China.,3 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, China
| | - Fang Tian
- 1 Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, China
| | - Yin-Ling Chen
- 2 Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, China.,3 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, China
| | - Hai-Lu Zhao
- 1 Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, China.,2 Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, China.,3 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, China
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Qiao YC, Pan YH, Xu Y, Zhang XX, Zhao HL. Interaction of renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms with hypertension in Chinese patients with type 1 diabetes and retinopathy. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7582-7589. [PMID: 29484134 PMCID: PMC5800926 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this research was to investigate the interaction of RAS gene polymorphisms in Chinese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and genotyping for the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene I/D and angiotensinogen (AGT) gene M/T polymorphisms was performed using the polymerase chain reaction method. 311 T1DM patients were recruited for the assessment of ACE and AGT polymorphisms relating to DR. Results Compared with the diabetic non-retinopathy (DNR) patients, DR patients had lower proportion of diabetic nephropathy (p<0.001) and M allele (p=0.013). Intriguingly, the frequency D allele (p=0.035) was lower in DR patients with hypertension, as well as DD (p=0.003) and DI genotype (p=0.012) in DR patients with normal blood pressure after multiple tests with Bonferroni correction, but D allele (p=0.025) displayed higher in normotensive patients with T1DM. Logistic regression analyses indicated that no significant relationship existed about the genotype and allele polymorphisms with the progress of DR after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusions Interaction of hypertension and the RAS gene polymorphisms might have a role in the DR development in Chinese T1DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chao Qiao
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan-Hong Pan
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hunan Aerospace Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Zhang
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Hai-Lu Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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Pan YH, Huang YM, Qiao YC, Ling W, Geng LJ, Xiao JL, Zhang XX, Zhao HL. Family history and renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9148. [PMID: 29390444 PMCID: PMC5758146 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A positive family history is recognized as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the association of family history with rennin-angiotensin system (RAS) gene polymorphisms has not been reported yet, thus we aim to investigate it.Family history records, clinical and biochemical data were obtained from 1239 T2DM patients. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotyping and PCR-restricted fragment length polymorphism was used for angiotensinogen (AGT) genotyping.Patients with a negative family history had higher level of triglyceride and blood pressure, whereas those with a positive family history showed younger onset age and lower body mass index value (All P < .05), these findings were age-dependent. The percentage of hypertension was lower with a higher percentage of overweight among the patients with a positive family history (All P < .05). Patients with a positive family history and those with a negative family history had comparable genotype and allele distribution of ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphisms and AGT gene M/T polymorphisms.A positive family history of diabetes was not associated with the RAS gene polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Pan
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin
| | - Yan-Mei Huang
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin
| | - Yong-Chao Qiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Ling
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin
| | - Li-Jun Geng
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin
| | - Jian-Long Xiao
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin
| | - Xiao-Xi Zhang
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Hai-Lu Zhao
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin
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Erbas T, Cinar N, Dagdelen S, Gedik A, Yorgun H, Canpolat U, Kabakci G, Alikasifoglu M. Association between ACE and AGT polymorphism and cardiovascular risk in acromegalic patients. Pituitary 2017; 20:569-577. [PMID: 28712073 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-017-0819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whether the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a role or not in the development of cardiovascular morbidity in acromegaly patients is unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between ACE (I/D) and AGT (M235T) gene polymorphisms and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders in the acromegaly. METHODS The study included one hundred and seventeen acromegalic patients (62 F/55 M, age: 50.2 ± 12.3 years) and 106 healthy controls (92 F/14 M, age: 41.4 ± 11.3 years). PCR method was used to evaluate the prevalence of ACE and AGT genotype. RESULTS The genotypes of ACE polymorphism in acromegalic patients were distributed as follows; 41.0% (n: 48) for DD, 44.4% (n: 52) for ID and 14.5% (n: 17) for II genotype. The control group had significantly different distribution of the ACE polymorphism [48.1% (n: 51) for DD, 25.5% (n: 27) for ID and 26.4% (n: 28) for II genotype]compared to acromegalic group. Regarding AGT polymorphism, AGT-MT genotype was seen in 88.9% of the acromegalic patients while MM and TT genotype (9.4% and 1.7%, respectively) were present in the rest. The controls had similar distribution of the AGT genotype with the acromegaly group (80.2% MT genotype, 15.1% MM genotype and 4.7% TT genotype). Due to the small number of patients with TT allele (n: 2), T carriers for AGT genotype (AGT-MT+TT) were subgrouped and compared to those with AGT-MM group. ACE-DD, ID and II groups had similar anthropometric measures, blood pressure values and baseline GH and IGF-1 levels. Significantly higher baseline GH levels were found in AGT-MM group compared to T allele carriers [40 (16-60) vs. 12 (5-36) µg/L, p < 0.05]. The compared groups in both polymorphisms had similar fasting plasma glucose levels. Patients with ACE-II genotype had significantly higher HDL-C levels compared to those with ACE-DD and ACE-ID polymorphisms (p < 0.05) whereas there was no significant difference in lipid profile between AGT-MM group and AGT-T allele carriers. Moreover, the compared groups in both polymorphisms had similar distribution of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, impaired glucose metabolism (prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus) and coronary artery disease. In terms of echocardiographic parameters, systolic and diastolic function was similar among the groups in ACE and AGT genotypes. Interestingly, AGT-MM group had higher mitral inflow Apeak values than T allele carriers (0.94 ± 0.46 vs. 0.73 ± 0.20; p = 0.051). No significant difference was observed in LV mass index values in acromegalic patients among the groups in both polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS Both ACE (I/D) and AGT (M235T) gene polymorphisms do not seem to have a significant effect on the development of clinical properties or cardiovascular comordities of acromegalic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomris Erbas
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nese Cinar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Dagdelen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arzu Gedik
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Yorgun
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ugur Canpolat
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Giray Kabakci
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Alikasifoglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Oz D, Avcu AT, Kursat S, Bahadir HC, Cam FS. Relation of RAS Gene Polymorphisms with Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Patient with End Stage Renal Failure. INT J HUM GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09723757.2013.11886206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Oz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Aysun Toraman Avcu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Seyhun Kursat
- Department of Nephrology, Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Hulya Colak Bahadir
- Department of Nephrology, Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Manisa, Turkey
| | - F. Sirri Cam
- Department of Medical Genetics, Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Manisa, Turkey
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ACE Gene I/D Polymorphism and Obesity in 1,574 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:7420540. [PMID: 28115791 PMCID: PMC5220452 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7420540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and the risk of overweight/obesity remains controversial. We investigated the possible relationship between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and obesity in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In this study, obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) value ≥ 25 kg/m2 and subjects were classified into 4 groups (lean, normal, overweight, and obese). PCR (polymerase chain reaction) was used to detect the ACE gene I/D polymorphism in T2DM patients. Metabolic measurements including blood glucose, lipid profile, and blood pressure were obtained. Frequencies of the ACE genotypes (DD, ID, and II) were not significant among the 4 groups of BMI-defined patients (P = 0.679) while ACE II carriers showed higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse pressure (PP) (all P < 0.050). Hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in these T2DM patients were found to be significantly associated with BMI. In conclusion, the relationship of ACE gene I/D polymorphism with obesity is insignificant in Chinese patients with T2DM. SBP and PP might be higher in the ACE II carriers than in the DD and ID carriers.
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Amara A, Mrad M, Sayeh A, Lahideb D, Layouni S, Haggui A, Fekih-Mrissa N, Haouala H, Nsiri B. The Effect of ACE I/D Polymorphisms Alone and With Concomitant Risk Factors on Coronary Artery Disease. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2016; 24:157-163. [PMID: 27895197 DOI: 10.1177/1076029616679505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as atherosclerotic heart disease, is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. The role of insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene in the etiology of CAD remains to be more completely clarified. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the ACE I/D polymorphism in patients with CAD and to study the association together with traditional risk factors in assessing the risk of CAD. METHODS Our study population included 145 Tunisian patients with symptomatic CAD and a control group of 300 people matched for age and sex. All participants in the study were genotyped for the ACE I/D polymorphisms obtained by polymerase chain reaction amplification on genomic DNA. RESULTS Our analysis showed that the ACE D allele frequency ( P < 10-3; odds ratio [OR] = 5.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.6-7.6) and DD genotype ( P < 10-3; OR = 6.8; 95% CI = 4.4-10) are significantly more prevalent among patients with CAD than in controls and may be predisposing to CAD. We further found that the risk of CAD is greatly potentiated by several concomitant risk factors (smoking, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and a family history of CAD). CONCLUSION The ACE D allele may be predictive in individuals who may be at risk of developing CAD. Further investigations of these polymorphisms and their possible synergisms with traditional risk factors for CAD could help to ascertain better predictability for CAD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Amara
- 1 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie.,2 Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Meriem Mrad
- 1 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie.,2 Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Aicha Sayeh
- 1 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie.,2 Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Dhaker Lahideb
- 3 Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie.,4 Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Samy Layouni
- 1 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie.,5 Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Abdeddayem Haggui
- 3 Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie.,4 Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Najiba Fekih-Mrissa
- 1 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie.,6 Académie Militaire Fondouk Jédid, Nabeul, Tunisie
| | - Habib Haouala
- 3 Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie.,4 Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Brahim Nsiri
- 1 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie.,5 Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
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Milionis HJ, Kostapanos MS, Vakalis K, Theodorou I, Bouba I, Kalaitzidis R, Georgiou I, Elisaf MS, Siamopoulos KC. Impact of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes on the treatment response of patients with hypertension and metabolic syndrome. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 8:181-9. [PMID: 18205097 DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2007.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate the influence of clinical, biochemical and genetic markers on the response to antihypertensive treatment in patients with essential hypertension and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods. Measurements of anthropometric indices, blood pressure (BP), and metabolic parameters were obtained from the medical records of 132 (77 women) newly diagnosed, untreated hypertensive patients. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) genes polymorphisms (including ACE I/D, angiotensinogen M235T, angiotensin II type 1 receptor [AT1-receptor] A1166C) were determined. Response to treatment was defined as BP less than 140/90 mmHg. Results. Patients with MetS (n=60) had higher systolic BP and pulse pressure and a more atherogenic lipid profile than patients without MetS.The frequencies of the ACE and the AT1-receptor gene polymorphisms were similar between patients with and without MetS. Response to treatment was positively associated with pulse pressure, and the presence of the C allele as well as the AC genotype of the AT1-receptor gene and inversely with age after adjustment for confounding factors. Conclusions. RAAS genes distribution does not differ between hypertensive patients with and without the MetS. Higher baseline pulse pressure levels, the presence of the C allele and/or the AC genotype may be in favour of a better response to structured antihypertensive treatment in patients with MetS. However, these findings need to be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haralampos J Milionis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Outpatient Hypertension Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michael S Kostapanos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Outpatient Hypertension Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Vakalis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Outpatient Hypertension Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioanna Theodorou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Outpatient Hypertension Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioanna Bouba
- Laboratory of Human Reproductive Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Rigas Kalaitzidis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Outpatient Hypertension Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Georgiou
- Laboratory of Human Reproductive Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Moses S Elisaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Outpatient Hypertension Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Kostas C Siamopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Outpatient Hypertension Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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18
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Implications of ACE (I/D) Gene Variants to the Genetic Susceptibility of Coronary Artery Disease in Asian Indians. Indian J Clin Biochem 2016; 32:163-170. [PMID: 28428690 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-016-0588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has established substantial attention in the recent years as a candidate gene for hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of ACE (I/D) polymorphism with coronary artery disease (CAD) in a north Indian population. A total of 662 subjects (330 CAD patients and 332 healthy controls) were examined for association of ACE gene (I/D) polymorphism and environmental risk factors. The mean age of the CAD patients and control subjects was 60.53 ± 8.6 years and 56.55 ± 7.7 years, respectively (p = 0.000). Anthropometric and demographic data showed BMI values significantly higher among CAD patients and control subjects (26.98 ± 4.9 vs 24.04 ± 4.7, p = 0.000). We observed pronounced central obesity in both CAD patients and controls, even at the lowest BMI values (<23 kg/m2). Dyslipidemia was highly prevalent in CAD patients compared to control subjects. Genotypic data showed significantly higher frequency of DD genotype in CAD patients than that of control subjects (40 vs 28.3 %). No significant difference was observed in the distribution of ID genotypes between CAD patients and control subjects. Logistic regression analysis of data demonstrate that DD genotype was associated with 1.8 fold increased risk of development of CAD in Asian Indians (OR 1.8; 95 % CI 1.22-2.66; p = 0.003). The frequency of D allele was significantly higher in CAD patients (p = 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the clinical and biochemical characteristics of CAD patients and controls when the data was stratified according to the genotypes of ACE gene. In conclusion, DD genotype of ACE gene may be associated with increased risk of CAD in Asian Indian population.
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Herrera CL, Castillo W, Estrada P, Mancilla B, Reyes G, Saavedra N, Guzmán N, Serón P, Lanas F, Salazar LA. Association of polymorphisms within the Renin-Angiotensin System with metabolic syndrome in a cohort of Chilean subjects. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2016; 60:190-8. [PMID: 26910623 PMCID: PMC10522309 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia. Thus, genetic variants related with these conditions may modulate its development. We evaluated the effect of polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) on metabolic syndrome risk in a cohort of Chilean subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 152 subjects, 83 with MetS (51.2 ± 9.6 years) and 69 without MetS (49.5 ± 9.3 years) of both genders were included, according to the ATP III update criteria. The rs4340 Insertion/Deletion (I/D), rs699 (T>C) and rs5186 (A>C) of the ACE, AGT and AGTR1 genes, respectively, were genotyped. RESULTS After adjusting for age and gender, we observed the DD genotype of rs4340 associated with MetS (p = 0.02). Specifically, the DD genotype was associated with MetS risk in women (OR = 4.62, 95%CI, 1.41 - 15.04; p < 0.01). In males, the AA genotype for rs5186 variant was associated with an increased risk for developing MetS when compared with women carrying the same genotype (OR = 3.2; 95%CI, 1.03 - 9.89; p = 0.04). In subjects without MetS, DD genotype was associated with increased waist circumference (p = 0.023) while subjects with MetS carrying the rs5186 TT genotype showed higher levels of HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.031). CONCLUSION The present study contributes data highlighting the role for RAS polymorphisms in predisposing to metabolic syndrome in Chilean subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian L. Herrera
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource NucleusUniversidad de La FronteraTemucoChileCenter of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera (BIOREN-UFRO), Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias PreclínicasFaculty of MedicineUniversidad de La FronteraTemucoChileDepartamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Wilma Castillo
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource NucleusUniversidad de La FronteraTemucoChileCenter of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera (BIOREN-UFRO), Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricia Estrada
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource NucleusUniversidad de La FronteraTemucoChileCenter of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera (BIOREN-UFRO), Temuco, Chile
| | - Bárbara Mancilla
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource NucleusUniversidad de La FronteraTemucoChileCenter of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera (BIOREN-UFRO), Temuco, Chile
| | - Gerardo Reyes
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource NucleusUniversidad de La FronteraTemucoChileCenter of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera (BIOREN-UFRO), Temuco, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource NucleusUniversidad de La FronteraTemucoChileCenter of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera (BIOREN-UFRO), Temuco, Chile
| | - Neftalí Guzmán
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversidad Católica de TemucoTemucoChileFaculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pamela Serón
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource NucleusUniversidad de La FronteraTemucoChileCenter of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera (BIOREN-UFRO), Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Medicina InternaFaculty of MedicineUniversidad de La FronteraTemucoChileDepartamento de Medicina Interna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Fernando Lanas
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource NucleusUniversidad de La FronteraTemucoChileCenter of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera (BIOREN-UFRO), Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Medicina InternaFaculty of MedicineUniversidad de La FronteraTemucoChileDepartamento de Medicina Interna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource NucleusUniversidad de La FronteraTemucoChileCenter of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera (BIOREN-UFRO), Temuco, Chile
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Association of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion-Deletion Polymorphism with Hypertension in Emiratis with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Interaction with Obesity Status. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:536041. [PMID: 26491214 PMCID: PMC4603605 DOI: 10.1155/2015/536041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The association of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) insertion-deletion (I/D) polymorphism with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension has been extensively studied throughout various ethnic populations but largely with inconsistent findings. We investigated these associations in Emirati population and their interaction with obesity status. Saliva samples were collected from a total of 564 Emiratis (277 T2DM and 297 healthy). DNA was extracted and the samples were genotyped for ACE I/D polymorphism by a PCR based method followed by gel electrophoresis. Upon evaluation of the ACE I/D polymorphism amongst all T2DM, hypertensive patients, and respective controls regardless of obesity status, ACE DD genotype was not found to be associated with either T2DM [odds ratio (OR) = 1.34, p = 0.086] or hypertension [odd ratio (OR) = 1.02, p = 0.93]. When the genetic variants amongst the nonobese and obese population were analyzed separately, the risk genotype ACE DD conferred significantly increased risk of hypertension in nonobese population [odds ratio (OR) = 1.80, p = 0.02] but was found to be protective against the hypertension in the obese group ((OR) = 0.54, p = 0.01). However, there was no effect of obesity status on the association of ACE genotypes with T2DM. The risk of hypertension associated with ACE DD is modulated by obesity status and hence future genetic association studies should take obesity into account for the interpretation of data. We also confirmed that ACE I/D polymorphism is not associated with T2DM risk in Emirati population.
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Yang YL, Mo YP, He YS, Yang F, Xu Y, Li CC, Wang J, Reng HM, Long L. Correlation between renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms and essential hypertension in the Chinese Yi ethnic group. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2015; 16:975-81. [PMID: 26283679 DOI: 10.1177/1470320315598697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been considered to play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between RAS gene polymorphisms and essential hypertension (EH) in the Chinese Yi ethnic group. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 244 EH subjects and 185 normotensive individuals from the Chinese Yi ethnic group were genotyped for AGT M235T (rs699), AT1R A1166C (rs5186), ACE I/D (rs4340) and ACE G2350A (rs4343) polymorphisms by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. RESULTS Significant differences in the allele and genotype frequency of ACE G2350A were observed between the EH cases and controls (p=0.001, 0.002). After being grouped by gender, significant differences in the allele and genotype frequency of ACE G2350A and AT1R A1166C were observed between females of the EH cases and controls (ACE G2350A: p=0.000, 0.002; AT1R A1166C: p=0.008, 0.011). After excluding the influence of multifactorial interactions, the ACE G2350A polymorphism is significantly associated with the pathogenesis of EH in the Chinese Yi ethnic group (odds ratio (OR)=1.656, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.807-2.524, p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS The RAS-related ACE G2350A polymorphism is associated with the pathogenesis of EH in the Chinese Yi ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Yan-Ping Mo
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Yong-Shu He
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Hao-Ming Reng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Li Long
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Kunming Medical University, China
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AlBacha JD, Khoury M, Mouawad C, Haddad K, Hamoui S, Azar A, Fajloun Z, Makdissy N. High Incidence of ACE/PAI-1 in Association to a Spectrum of Other Polymorphic Cardiovascular Genes Involving PBMCs Proinflammatory Cytokines in Hypertensive Hypercholesterolemic Patients: Reversibility with a Combination of ACE Inhibitor and Statin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127266. [PMID: 25973747 PMCID: PMC4431854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are significantly high in the Lebanese population with the two most predominant forms being atherosclerosis and venous thrombosis. The purpose of our study was to assess the association of a spectrum of CVD related genes and combined state of hypertension hypercholesterolemia (HH) in unrelated Lebanese. Twelve polymorphisms were studied by multiplex PCR and reverse hybridization of DNA from 171 healthy individuals and 144 HH subjects. Two genes were significantly associated with HH: ACE (OR: 9.20, P<0.0001) and PAI-1 (OR: 2.29, P = 0.007), respectively with the occurrence of the risky alleles “Del” and “4G”. The frequencies of the Del and 4G alleles were found to be 0.98 and 0.90 in the HH group versus 0.84 and 0.79 in the healthy group, respectively. Serum ACE activity and PAI-I increased significantly with Del/Del and 4G/5G genotypes. The co-expression of Del/4G(+/+) was detected in 113 out of 171 (66.0%) controls and 125 out of 144 (86.8%) HH subjects. Del/4G(-/-) was detected in only 6 (3.5%) controls and undetected in the HH group. Three venous thrombosis related genes [FV(Leiden), MTHFR(A1298C) and FXIII(V34L)] were significantly related to the prominence of the co-expression of Del/4G(+/+). A range of 2 to 8 combined polymorphisms co-expressed per subject where 5 mutations were the most detected. In Del/4G(+/+) subjects, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) produced significant elevated levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α contrary to IL-10, and no variations occurred for IL-4. ACE inhibitor (ramipril) in combination with statin (atorvastatin) and not alone reversed significantly the situation. This first report from Lebanon sheds light on an additional genetic predisposition of a complex spectrum of genes involved in CVD and suggests that the most requested gene FVL by physicians may not be sufficient to diagnose eventual future problems that can occur in the cardiovascular system. Subjects expressing the double mutations (Del/4G) are at high risk for the onset of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne d’Arc AlBacha
- Reviva Regenerative Medicine Center, Human Genetic Center, Middle East Institute of Health Hospital, Bsalim, Lebanon
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Azm Center for the Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Mira Khoury
- Reviva Regenerative Medicine Center, Human Genetic Center, Middle East Institute of Health Hospital, Bsalim, Lebanon
| | - Charbel Mouawad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Section III, Lebanese University, El Kobeh, Lebanon
| | - Katia Haddad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Section III, Lebanese University, El Kobeh, Lebanon
| | - Samar Hamoui
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Section III, Lebanese University, El Kobeh, Lebanon
| | - Albert Azar
- Reviva Regenerative Medicine Center, Human Genetic Center, Middle East Institute of Health Hospital, Bsalim, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Reviva Regenerative Medicine Center, Human Genetic Center, Middle East Institute of Health Hospital, Bsalim, Lebanon
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Azm Center for the Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Nehman Makdissy
- Reviva Regenerative Medicine Center, Human Genetic Center, Middle East Institute of Health Hospital, Bsalim, Lebanon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Section III, Lebanese University, El Kobeh, Lebanon
- * E-mail:
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Hui L, Wu JQ, Ye MJ, Zheng K, He JC, Zhang X, Liu JH, Tian HJ, Gong BH, Chen DC, Lv MH, Soares JC, Zhang XY. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism with schizophrenia and depressive symptom severity in a Chinese population. Hum Psychopharmacol 2015; 30:100-7. [PMID: 25694211 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are frequently observed in schizophrenia patients. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a key enzyme of renin-angiotensin system, can catalyze the degradation of neuropeptides and modulate dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. Previous studies have revealed the association of the ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism with depressive disorder and its treatment response but not with the depressive symptoms in schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine whether this polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia and with its psychopathological symptoms, especially depressive symptoms in a Han Chinese population. METHODS This polymorphism was genotyped in 382 chronic patients and 538 healthy controls. Psychopathology was characterised using the positive and negative syndrome scale. RESULTS The allelic and genotypic frequencies of this polymorphism significantly differed between patients and controls (both p < 0.001). A significant difference in the positive and negative syndrome scale depressive symptom score was observed among the three genotypes (p < 0.03), with higher score in patients with insertion/insertion (I/I) than with deletion/deletion (D/D) genotypes (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant linear correlation between the number of I alleles and the depressive symptom score (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism may play a role in susceptibility to schizophrenia and also in its depressive symptom severity in a Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hui
- Institute of Kangning Mental Health, Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Hui L, Wu JQ, Zhang X, Lv J, Du WL, Kou CG, Yu YQ, Lv MH, Chen DC, Zhang XY. Association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and first-episode patients with schizophrenia in a Chinese Han population. Hum Psychopharmacol 2014; 29:274-9. [PMID: 24615782 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a key enzyme of the renin-angiotensin system, can modulate dopamine turnover in the midbrain. Previous studies have revealed an association between ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and chronic schizophrenia, yet results are conflicting. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to examine whether the ACE gene I/D polymorphism is associated with first-episode patients with schizophrenia (FEP) in a Chinese Han population. METHODS The presence of the polymorphism was determined in 220 FEP and 538 healthy controls using a case-control design. We assessed the psychopathology in 212 FEP using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS The allelic and genotypic frequencies of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism did not significantly differ between FEP and healthy controls (both p>0.05). However, the negative PANSS symptom was significantly higher in FEP with the D/D genotype than those with I/D and I/I genotypes (all p<0.05) even after Bonferroni corrections (all p<0.05). Furthermore, the D allele of the ACE gene was associated with higher negative PANSS symptom score in FEP. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that even though the ACE gene I/D polymorphism did not associate with FEP, it may play a role in susceptibility to the negative PANSS symptom of FEP in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hui
- Institute of Kangning Mental Health, Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, China; Research Center for Genomic Medicine and MH Radiobiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Association of angiotensin II type I and type II receptor genes polymorphisms with the presence of premature coronary disease and metabolic syndrome. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:1027-33. [PMID: 24385301 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2947-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is known to have a particularly strong genetic component. We aimed to investigate the association between angiotensin II receptor type 1 (ATR1) or type II (ATR2) genes polymorphisms and PCAD with or without metabolic syndrome in males. 132 male patients with PCAD and 132 controls were included in the study. ATR1 and ATR2 genes polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. The present study revealed that ATR1 CC genotype and ATR2 G allele increased the risk of PCAD by 2.9 and 1.3 respectively as well as they increased susceptibility to metabolic syndrome by 4.5 and 2.3 respectively. The present study proved that diabetes, smoking, obesity, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDLc and HDLc were independent risk factors for the development of PCAD. We concluded that ATR1 CC genotype and ATR2 G allele increased the susceptibility of Egyptian males to have PCAD. The increased susceptibility to have metabolic syndrome could be one of the mechanisms leading to the development of PCAD in subjects carrying one or both of these polymorphisms.
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Shahin DS, Irshaid YM, Saleh AA. The A(1166)C polymorphism of the AT1R gene is associated with an early onset of hypertension and high waist circumference in Jordanian males attending the Jordan University Hospital. Clin Exp Hypertens 2013; 36:333-9. [PMID: 24047102 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2013.827698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There is no agreement on the involvement of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene A(1166)C variant and essential hypertension. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene A(1166)C variants with essential hypertension and some related parameters in a sample of Jordanian hypertensive patients. DNA samples from 108 hypertensive individuals and 102 age- and gender-matched non-hypertensive controls of the Jordanian population were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCR-RFLP) methods to determine the frequency of A(1166)C variants alleles. No statistically significant differences were found in the distribution of alleles and genotypes between hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals, not even after gender segregation. The frequency of the variant allele (C(1166)) was significantly higher in the early-onset compared to the late-onset group of hypertensive males, in subjects with positive family history of hypertension, and in subjects with high waist circumference. In conclusion, the A(1166)C polymorphism is not associated with essential hypertension in Jordanian hypertensive individuals. However, it was associated with an early onset of hypertension in males, with positive family history of hypertension, and with high waist circumference irrespective of blood pressure status.
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Pacholczyk M, Ferenc T, Kowalski J, Adamczyk P, Chojnowski J, Ponikowska I. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II type I receptor gene polymorphisms with extreme obesity in Polish individuals. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:435-42. [PMID: 23745680 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence for the presence of a functional renin-angiotensin system in human adipose tissue. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of polymorphic variants of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE I/D) and angiotensin II type I receptor gene (AGTR1 A1166C) with extreme obesity and obesity-associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to examine their combined effect on extremely obese patients. Overall, no significant associations were detected between ACE and AGTR1 gene polymorphisms and extreme obesity. However, extremely obese patients with T2DM showed an increased frequency of ACE II genotype compared with controls (p<0.05) and with non-diabetic extremely obese patients (p<0.01). The results suggest that II genotype of ACE was a significant contributor to extreme obesity in AA homozygotes of AGTR1 gene, regardless of the presence of T2DM. Moreover, the analysis of genetic polymorphisms demonstrated that ACE II and AGTR1 AC genotypes were most frequently observed in patients with extreme obesity and T2DM. On the basis of our results, we suggest that ACE II homozygosity may be a significant predictor of extreme obesity and T2DM and that the interaction between ACE and AGTR1 genes may be considered a predisposing factor for extreme obesity and extreme obesity-associated T2DM development.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Case-Control Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Epistasis, Genetic/physiology
- Female
- Genetic Association Studies
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genotype
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Obesity, Morbid/complications
- Obesity, Morbid/epidemiology
- Obesity, Morbid/genetics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/physiology
- Poland/epidemiology
- Polymorphism, Genetic/physiology
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pacholczyk
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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29
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Association between angiotensin converting enzyme polymorphism and lead-related hypertensive status in lead-exposed male workers from Korea. Mol Cell Toxicol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-012-0043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Luptáková L, Siváková D, Cvíčelová M, Wsólová L, Danková Z, Michnová A, Blažíček P. Power of biomarkers and their relative contributions to metabolic syndrome in Slovak adult women. Ann Hum Biol 2012; 40:132-8. [DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2012.748828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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31
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Shi H, Yu X, Li Q, Ye X, Gao Y, Ma J, Cheng J, Lu Y, Du W, Du J, Ye Q, Zhao X, Zhou L. Association between PPAR-γ and RXR-α gene polymorphism and metabolic syndrome risk: a case-control study of a Chinese Han population. Arch Med Res 2012; 43:233-42. [PMID: 22475777 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Polymorphisms in peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and retinoid X receptor-α (RXR-α) gene may alter metabolic syndrome (MetS) risks by increasing or decreasing the human adiponectin promoter activity in cells. To test this statement, three potentially functional SNPs of PPAR-γ and four SNPs of RXR-α with minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥0.05 in the Chinese Han population were identified from NCBI dbSNPs database to evaluate their associations with MetS. METHODS TaqMan assay was performed to test the genotypes in MetS patients (n = 901) and normal controls (n = 1009). Serum adiponectin concentration was measured by ELISA kit. RESULTS The variant genotypes rs2920502CG and CG/CC, rs4240711GG and AG/GG, rs4842194CC and CT/CC, rs3132291CT, CC and CT/CC were associated with MetS. Furthermore, in the haplotype of PPAR-γ gene, compared with the most common haplotype GC, haplotype CC was associated with an increased risk of MetS (crude p = 0.017). In the haplotype of RXR-α gene, haplotype GCGC was associated with a significant protective effect for MetS [adjusted p = 0.002, OR (95% CI) = 0.718 (0.585-0.882)] compared with the most common haplotype GTAT. After taking smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity as environmental adjustment factors into the analysis, the result showed A1 A2 A4 A5 A6 A7 B1 (rs3856806, rs2920502, rs180128, rs1045570, rs3132291, rs4240711, rs4842194) was the best model (cross-validation consistency 10/10, p = 0.0107). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that the variant genotypes in PPAR-γ gene could increase the risk of MetS; however, genotypes in RXR-α gene could decrease the risk of MetS in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Xu Y, Bao Q, He B, Pan Y, Zhang R, Mao X, Tang Z, Qu L, Zhu C, Tian F, Wang S. Association of angiotensin I converting enzyme, angiotensin II type 1 receptor and angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 gene polymorphisms with the dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients of Chinese Han origin. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:378-83. [PMID: 21670585 DOI: 10.3275/7797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the genetic polymorphisms in the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) (insertion/ deletion, or I/D), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) (rs5186), and ACE2 (rs2285666) could be associated with dyslipidemia in Type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients of Chinese Han origin. DESIGN AND METHODS The above 3 polymorphisms were genotyped in a total of 282 patients with T2D and dyslipidemia (Group A), 182 patients with T2D but without dyslipidemia (Group B), and 324 healthy controls. The association between a certain polymorphism and each group was assessed by an odds ratio (OR). RESULTS The D allele of the ACE (I/D) was significantly associated with the risk of T2D accompanying dyslipidemia between group A and controls [OR=1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.08-1.74; p=0.010], and significant association of the D allele with dyslipidemia was also observed in diabetic patients (OR=1.88, 95% CI=1.40-2.54; p<0.001). Furthermore, the ID genotype had a decreased risk of developing T2D without dyslipidemia as compared with controls (OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.32-0.82; p=0.0060). The distributions of the AT1R (rs5186) and ACE2 (rs2285666) genotypes and alleles did not differ between T2D patients with or without dyslipidemia and the controls. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the ACE (I/D) polymorphism is associated with T2D, regardless of the absence or presence of dyslipidemia. The polymorphisms in the AT1R (rs5186) and ACE2 (rs2285666) seem to play lesser roles in the development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- Department of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Hsiao CF, Sheu WWH, Hung YJ, Lin MW, Curb D, Ranadex K, Quertermous T, Chen YM, Chen IYD, Wu KD. The effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system gene polymorphisms on insulin resistance in hypertensive families. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2012; 13:446-54. [PMID: 22419662 DOI: 10.1177/1470320312438790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hereditability of insulin resistance has been demonstrated in both familial and twin studies. The effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system gene polymorphisms on insulin resistance remain inconclusive. METHODS This is a sibling-based association study. Polymorphisms of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes were examined in 1113 hypertension and 676 normotension siblings from Chinese and Japanese hypertensive families. The generalized estimation equations method was used to compare the differences in metabolic variables between hypertension and normotensive siblings. RESULTS For the G-6A polymorphism of AGT, GG siblings had lower 2-h insulin than siblings carrying the A allele (p=0.006). Siblings with different variants of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C had no difference in metabolic variables. Siblings carrying the D allele of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene had higher levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin, area under the curve of insulin levels and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance than II siblings (all p<0.05). Lower levels of fasting glucose and 2-h glucose were observed in siblings with the T allele than their CC homozygotes for the C-344T polymorphism of CYP11B2 (p<0.05). Siblings carrying three high-risk genotypes of the angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensinogen and CYP11B2 had higher fasting glucose level than siblings carrying no high-risk genotypes (p=0.011). CONCLUSION Our comprehensive analysis of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system gene polymorphisms demonstrates that the angiotensin converting enzyme and CYP11B2 gene polymorphisms are associated with insulin resistance in hypertensive families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Fu Hsiao
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhou D, Ruiter R, Zhang J, Zhou M, Liu H, Liu W, Wang S. Angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D polymorphism is not associated with type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2012; 13:372-8. [PMID: 22392877 DOI: 10.1177/1470320311435535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A role for the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been suggested in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, results have been inconsistent. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to further clarify the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and T2DM risk in a Chinese population. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI and Wan Fang Data were searched for eligible studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effects model or random-effects model. RESULTS : A total of 41 studies (4708 cases and 5368 controls) for the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and T2DM in a Chinese population were identified. The pooled ORs for the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and T2DM risk were not statistically significant under all genetic models (co-dominant model: DD vs. II: OR = 1.17, 95% CI 0.97-1.42 and ID vs. II: OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.93-1.10; dominant model: OR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.94-1.19; multiplicative model: OR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.98-1.18). Although a marginally significant association was observed under a recessive model (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.00-1.36), robustness of this estimate could not be established under additional sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS : The meta-analysis presented in this study indicated that ACE I/D polymorphism may not be associated with the risk of T2DM in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Linyin People's Hospital, China
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AT1 Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in relation to Postprandial Lipemia. Int J Vasc Med 2012; 2012:271030. [PMID: 21941658 PMCID: PMC3176427 DOI: 10.1155/2012/271030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Recent data suggest that the renin-angiotensin system may be involved in triglyceride (TG) metabolism. We explored the effect of the common A1166C and C573T polymorphisms of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene on postprandial lipemia.Methods. Eighty-two subjects measured daytime capillary TG, and postprandial lipemia was estimated as incremental area under the TG curve. The C573T and A1166C polymorphisms of the AT1R gene were determined.Results. Postprandial lipemia was significantly higher in homozygous carriers of the 1166-C allele (9.39±8.36 mM*h/L) compared to homozygous carriers of the 1166-A allele (2.02±6.20 mM*h/L) (P<0.05). Postprandial lipemia was similar for the different C573T polymorphisms.Conclusion. The 1166-C allele of the AT1R gene seems to be associated with increased postprandial lipemia. These data confirm the earlier described relationships between the renin-angiotensin axis and triglyceride metabolism.
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Genotypes and allele frequencies of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion polymorphism among Bahraini population with type 2 diabetes mellitus and related diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 362:219-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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The ACE polymorphism is associated with BMI in patients with metabolic syndrome. Genes Genomics 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-011-0054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Firouzabadi N, Tajik N, Shafiei M, Ebrahimi SA, Bakhshandeh H. Interaction of A-240T and A2350G related genotypes of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is associated with decreased serum ACE activity and blood pressure in a healthy Iranian population. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 668:241-7. [PMID: 21810419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Most of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) gene polymorphisms have not yet been studied in the Iranian population. In the present study, the frequencies of common polymorphisms in the RAS genes, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) and three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), i.e., A-240T, T-93C and A2350G, angiotensinogen M235T, angiotensin II receptor type 1 A1166C and angiotensin II receptor type 2 C3123A variants were determined in DNAs extracted from venous blood of 104 healthy Iranian volunteers. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP method. Serum ACE activity was also assayed using reverse phase HPLC. Combined polymorphisms of TT (A-240T) and GG (A2350G) was significantly associated with decreased serum ACE activity (P=0.042) and decreased diastolic blood pressure (P=0.040). The angiotensin II receptor type 1 A1166C polymorphism (CC genotype) showed a significant association with declined diastolic blood pressure (P=0.028). Serum ACE activity was significantly higher in men compared to women (P=0.033). ACE activity also showed a direct association with diastolic blood pressure (P<0.001). No association was obtained among each single polymorphism with body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile and ACE activity. In conclusion, combined polymorphisms of A-240T and A2350G seem to affect serum ACE level as well as diastolic blood pressure in our study population. However, it also might be hypothesized that they are in strong linkage disequilibrium with other functional mutations not studied yet. Our findings revealed that gene interactions can play an important role in various biological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Firouzabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Assali A, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Sahebkar A, Hassani M, Kasaian J, Tatari F, Moohebati M, Paydar R, Oladi M, Esmaeili HA, Tavallaie S, Tehrani SO, Ferns GAA, Behravan J. Association of angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene A1166C polymorphism with the presence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome in patients with documented coronary artery disease. Eur J Intern Med 2011; 22:254-61. [PMID: 21570644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are relatively limited data available on the genetic susceptibility to diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome in the Iranian population. We have therefore investigated the association between the angiotensin II type I receptor gene polymorphism (AT(1)R/A1166C) and the presence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome in a well defined group of patients. METHODS Patients with angiographically defined coronary artery disease (CAD) (n=309) were evaluated for the presence of AT(1)R/A1166C polymorphism. These patients were classified into subgroups with (n=164, M/F: 109/55) and without (n=145, M/F: 84/61) diabetes mellitus. The AT(1)R polymorphism was assessed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based method. RESULTS There was a higher frequency of polymorphic genotypes (AC+CC) in the diabetic compared with the non-diabetic group (p=0.01). When determined for each gender separately, this difference remained significant in the males (p=0.04) but not in females (p=0.09). With regard to the allele frequencies, the C allele was significantly higher and the A allele frequency was lower in the diabetic group (p=0.01). This remained significant after gender segregation for males (p=0.01) but not females. In the binary logistic regression analysis, only serum fasting glucose was found as the independent predictor for the presence of diabetes in the CAD patients (β=1.16, p<0.001 for total population and β=1.29, p<0.001 for male subjects). There was no significant difference in genotype or allele frequencies between subgroups with and without metabolic syndrome, this being unaffected by gender or the definition of metabolic syndrome used apart from a significantly lower frequency of C allele in male subjects with metabolic syndrome defined by the NCEP ATP III criteria (p=0.04). CONCLUSION The AT(1)R/A1166C polymorphism may be associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus in male subjects with documented CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Assali
- Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran
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Saab YB, Gard PR, Overall ADJ. The association of hypertension with renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms in the Lebanese population. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2011; 12:588-94. [PMID: 21628354 DOI: 10.1177/1470320311408465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The study objective was to examine the association of hypertension in the Lebanese population with three renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms (RAS): angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin-receptor type 1 (AT1R). METHODS A total of 270 subjects (124 hypertensive vs 146 normotensive) were genotyped for ACE insertion (I)/deletion (D), AGT (M235T), and AT(1)R (A1166C) gene polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS The studied genes showed no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No association could be reported with the ACE I/D polymorphism, although the D allele frequency was high (77%) in patients. AGT TT genotype prevalence was found to be lower in hypertensive versus normotensive subjects (p<0.0001). AT(1)R CC and AC genotypes were significantly more frequent in hypertensive than normotensive subjects (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION The first conducted study on the RAS gene polymorphisms in Lebanese hypertensive patients demonstrated a possible association of the AGT T and AT(1)R C alleles with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Saab
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
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Fiatal S, Szigethy E, Széles G, Tóth R, Ádány R. Insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin-1 converting enzyme is associated with metabolic syndrome in Hungarian adults. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2011; 12:531-8. [PMID: 21330420 DOI: 10.1177/1470320310394231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate whether any association exists between metabolic syndrome (MS) and ACE I/D and AGT M235T gene polymorphisms in Hungarians as an example of European Caucasian population. Study subjects of our cross-sectional study were recruited from the Hungarian General Practitioners’ Morbidity Sentinel Stations Program. The study population ( n = 1762) approximates very well the age and sex distribution of the general Hungarian population. MS was defined according to the latest diagnostic criteria proposed by the International Diabetes Federation. The frequency of DD genotype (31.36% vs. 25.42%, p = 0.006) and the frequency of D allele (0.56 vs. 0.51, p = 0.006) were significantly higher in the metabolic group than in the non-metabolic group. The distribution of the AGT M235T polymorphism was similar in each group investigated. Association was shown in the case of patients in whom central obesity was combined with elevated TG and low HDL cholesterol level ( p = 0.024 and p = 0.022). It suggests that ACE I/D polymorphism is likely to be involved in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Fiatal
- Public Health Research Group of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Endre Szigethy
- Public Health Research Group of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Széles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Réka Tóth
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Róza Ádány
- Public Health Research Group of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Association Between the M268T Polymorphism in the Angiotensinogen Gene and Essential Hypertension in a South Indian Population. Biochem Genet 2011; 49:474-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-011-9423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pharmacogenetic association of hypertension candidate genes with fasting glucose in the GenHAT Study. J Hypertens 2011; 28:2076-83. [PMID: 20577119 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32833c7a4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several clinical studies report increased risk of diabetes mellitus with pharmacologic treatment for hypertension (HTN). HTN genes may modify glycemic response to antihypertensive treatment. METHOD The current study examined the association of 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 11 HTN candidate genes with fasting glucose measured at 2, 4, and 6 years after treatment initiation. The study sample included participants free of diabetes at baseline in the Genetics of Hypertension Associated Treatment (GenHAT) study (N = 9309). GenHAT participants were randomized to receive treatment with a diuretic (chlorthalidone), calcium channel blocker (amlodipine), or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (lisinopril). Mixed models for repeated measures were employed to test for gene and pharmacogenetic associations with fasting glucose during follow-up. RESULTS Fasting glucose at year 2 increased on average 6.8, 4.8 and 3.0 mg/dl from baseline in the chlorthalidone, amlodipine and lisinopril groups, respectively. Carrying the I allele (rs1799752) of the ACE I/D polymorphism was associated with lower fasting glucose levels (P = 0.02). Additionally, an ACE promoter polymorphism (-262, rs4291) was associated with lower fasting glucose for the model AA/AT vs. TT, which remained significant after correction for multiple testing (P = 0.001). Finally, a SNP in the α-subunit of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (SCNN1A, rs2228576) modified the association of amlodipine vs. chlorthalidone treatment with fasting glucose (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Further examination of these genes and their relationships with cardiometabolic disease could foster development of pharmacogenetic guidelines aimed to prevent increases in fasting glucose during antihypertensive treatment.
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Alavi-Shahri J, Behravan J, Hassany M, Tatari F, Kasaian J, Ganjali R, Tavallaie S, Sabouri S, Sahebkar A, Oladi M, Mirhosseini N, Shakeri MT, Montaser-Kouhsari S, Omidvar Tehrani S, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Visvikis-Siest S, Ferns G. Association between angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism and metabolic syndrome in a young female Iranian population. Arch Med Res 2011; 41:343-9. [PMID: 20851291 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The overall prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing among children and adolescents and can predispose to type II diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. There are reported associations between an angiotensin II type I receptor gene polymorphism (AT(1)R/A1166C) with hypertension, myocardial infarction, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease risk. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the AT(1)R/A1166C polymorphism was associated with MetS among adolescent Iranian girls. METHODS A total of 350 adolescent girls aged 15-17 years from high schools and different educational zones of Mashhad city participated in this population-based, genetic association study. Of these individuals, 101 patients had MetS (defined by the NCEP-ATP III criteria); the remaining 249 age-matched girls were considered as the control group. All subjects were genotyped for the AT(1)R/A1166C polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. RESULTS Frequencies of the AA, AC and CC genotypes were 164 (65.9%), 80 (32.1%) and 5 (2.0%) in the control group and 79 (78.2%), 20 (19.8%) and 2 (2.0%) in patients, which were not consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p <0.05 and p <0.001, respectively). Frequency of the AT(1)R C allele was found to be significantly lower in patients compared with controls (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that the 1166C allele of AT(1)R gene may be associated with a decreased risk of MetS in adolescent Iranian females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Alavi-Shahri
- Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Procopciuc LM, Sitar-Tăut A, Pop D, Sitar-Tăut DA, Olteanu I, Zdrenghea D. Renin angiotensin system polymorphisms in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Eur J Intern Med 2010; 21:414-8. [PMID: 20816596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genes associated with hypertension could be genetic risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS). AIM To determine the frequency of M235T and T174M-AGT, I/D-ACE and A1166C-AGTR1 in hypertensive patients with MetS and to evaluate the relationship between these polymorphisms and central obesity and dyslipidemia, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed AGT, AGTR1 and ACE genotyping in 56 hypertensive women (24 with MetS) and 71 normotensive women using PCR-RFLP methods and PCR, respectively. RESULTS Hypertensive patients carrying the mutated TT235, MM174 and DD genotypes had an 1.53 (p=0.56), 1.78 (p=0.52) and 1.28 (p=0.78)-fold increased risk to develop MetS. Hypertensive carriers of both mutated TT235 and MM174 or TT235 and D/D or TT235 and CC+AC genotypes had an 8.15 (p=0.04), 4.83 (p=0.04) and 10.53 (p=0.05)-fold increased risk to develop MetS. Hypertensive patients with MetS and TT, D/D or CC genotypes had higher body mass index compared to hypertensive patients without MetS (p</=0.05 for all the genotypes). Hypertensive patients with MetS and TT235, MM174, D/D or CC1166 genotypes had higher triglyceride levels, lower HDL-cholesterol levels and higher waist circumference compared to hypertensive patients without MetS (p</=0.05, except for the association between CC1166 and HDL-cholesterol level). CONCLUSIONS The effect of the T174M, I/D and A1166C polymorphisms on MetS may depend on the M235T polymorphism. Among hypertensive subjects with MetS, the presence of TT235, MM174, DD and CC1166 genotypes could be a risk factor for central obesity and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Maria Procopciuc
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8/14 Padis Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Niu W, Qi Y, Gao P, Zhu D. Angiotensin converting enzyme D allele is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes: evidence from a meta-analysis. Endocr J 2010; 57:431-8. [PMID: 20160398 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.k09e-360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Associations of angiotensin converting enzyme gene (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been inconsistent with both positive, null and negative results. We thereby performed a meta-analysis from all English-published reports to examine ACE I/D polymorphism in association with T2D risk. Case-control studies were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science as of Dec 10, 2009. A total of 14 studies with 1985 patients with T2D and 4602 controls were finally identified. Random-effects model was applied irrespective of between-study heterogeneity. Study quality was assessed in duplicate. Compared with ACE I allele, presence of D allele conferred a significant increased risk for T2D (OR=1.33; 95% CI, 1.10-1.61; p=0.003). This trend was potentiated after comparing homozygotes of D allele with I allele with a 90% increased risk (p=0.0008). Carriers of D allele had a moderate increased risk for T2D compared with the II genotype carriers (OR=1.34; 95% CI, 1.04-1.72; p=0.02), whereas under recessive model this effect was significantly enhanced (OR=1.73; 95% CI, 1.26-2.38; p=0.0008). Subgroup analyses indicated significant association for population-based study design only, as well as among populations from Africa and Europe ancestries rather than from Asia ancestry. No publication bias was observed using the fail-safe number at the level of 0.05. Our results demonstrated that ACE D allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2D, and this effect appeared to be additive. Moreover, this association was more prominent for population-based studies and among Africans and Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Nie SJ, Wen-ru T, Bi-feng C, Jin L, Wen Z, Sheng-jun L, Wei-wei L, Hai-jing Y, Chun-jie X. Haplotype-based case-control study of the human AGTR1 gene and essential hypertension in Han Chinese subjects. Clin Biochem 2009; 43:253-8. [PMID: 19833117 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Revised: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Essential hypertension is considered to be a multifactorial trait resulting from the combined influence of environmental and genetic determinants. The aim of the study is to assess the association between the human AGTR1 gene and essential hypertension (EH) using a haplotype-based case-control study in Han Chinese subjects. DESIGN AND METHODS Seven tag SNPs and the A1166C polymorphism of the AGTR1 gene were genotyped in 510 hypertension subjects and 510 normotensive subjects using PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS Single SNP analyses indicated that the rs12695895 was significantly associated with hypertension, adjusted for covariates. Compared with the other haplotypes, Hap4 (AGGACTT) which carry the susceptible rs12695895 A allele was found to significantly increase the risk of EH with odds ratios equal to 1.84 (p=0.0002). CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that rs12695895 might be a genetic marker for EH and Hap4 (AGGACTT) was associated with hypertension in Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-jie Nie
- Human Genetics Center of Yunnan University, #2 N. Cuihu Rd. Kunming, Yunnan 650091 PR China
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Zhou JB, Yang JK, Lu JK, An YH. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:67-73. [PMID: 19655271 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes was investigated in many studies with conflicting results. To clarify this conflict, we performed a meta-analysis on recent previous reports on ACE gene polymorphism and its correlation to type 2 diabetes. A total of 15,166 subjects from 24 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Summary odds ratios (ORs) were estimated. Potential sources of heterogeneity and bias were explored. The D variant was associated with a 14% increased risk of T2D relative to the I variant (OR 1.14; 95% CI: 1.04-1.24). In subgroup analysis, Caucasian and East Asians showed significant association. No association was found in the Turkish groups. No publication bias was observed in this meta-analysis by using the Egger method (tau = 1.63, P = 0.12), as well as the Begg's test (z = 1.66, P = 0.10). Cumulative meta-analysis for the allelic contrast showed a trend of association as information accumulated. These data suggested that the variant of ACE I/D had a moderate positive association with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Vallejo M, Martínez-Palomino G, Ines-Real S, Pérez-Hernández N, Juárez-Rojas JG, Vargas-Alarcón G. Relationship Between the Angiotensin I–Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion (I/D) Polymorphism and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Healthy Young Mexican Women. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2009; 13:237-42. [PMID: 19371224 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2008.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maite Vallejo
- Department of Research Direction, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Selene Ines-Real
- Cardiovascular Disease's Genomic and Proteomic Study Group, Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nonanzit Pérez-Hernández
- Cardiovascular Disease's Genomic and Proteomic Study Group, Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan G. Juárez-Rojas
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Cardiovascular Disease's Genomic and Proteomic Study Group, Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Baroudi T, Bouhaha R, Moran-Moguel C, Sanchez-Corona J, Ben Maiz H, Kammoun Abid H, Benammar-Elgaaied A. Association of the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene with type 2 diabetes in two ethnic groups of Jerba Island in Tunisia. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2009; 10:35-40. [PMID: 19286757 DOI: 10.1177/1470320309102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction.The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism on the prediction of type 2 diabetes in two ethnic populations from Jerba Island,Tunisia. Methods. In this study, we analysed the genotypic and the allelic distributions of the ACE I/D polymorphism and conducted a case/control association study between healthy normoglycaemic controls and diabetic patients in the two studied groups.ACE gene polymorphism was analysed by polymerase chain reaction in 272 individuals consisting of 172 diabetic subjects and 100 controls. Results.The genotype frequencies for DD, ID and II were 75.50%, 19.60% and 4.89% inArabs and 76.66%, 16.66% and 6.67% in Berbers, respectively, in the case group, and 42.85%, 35.71% and 21.43% inArabs and 57.50%, 22.50% and 20.00% in Berbers, respectively, in the control group.The DD frequency was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (p<0.001), suggesting that the DD genotype is associated with an increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in our study populations. Conclusions.The current investigation provides new evidence regarding the role of the ACE I/D polymorphism in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in Jerbian populations. Furthermore, it underlines the importance of ethnicity, which should be considered in all studies aiming to test the genetic effects on the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thouraya Baroudi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, El Manar II University, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rym Bouhaha
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, El Manar II University, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chrystine Moran-Moguel
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Centre of Biomedical Research for West, The Mexican Institute of the Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jose Sanchez-Corona
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Centre of Biomedical Research for West, The Mexican Institute of the Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Hedi Ben Maiz
- Hospital Charles Nicolle, Internal Medicine A, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Amel Benammar-Elgaaied
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, El Manar II University, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
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