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Smith AL, Skupa SA, Eiken AP, Reznicek TE, Schmitz E, Williams N, Moore DY, D’Angelo CR, Kallam A, Lunning MA, Bociek RG, Vose JM, Mohamed E, Mahr AR, Denton PW, Powell B, Bollag G, Rowley MJ, El-Gamal D. BET inhibition reforms the immune microenvironment and alleviates T cell dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e177054. [PMID: 38775157 PMCID: PMC11141939 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.177054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Redundant tumor microenvironment (TME) immunosuppressive mechanisms and epigenetic maintenance of terminal T cell exhaustion greatly hinder functional antitumor immune responses in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins regulate key pathways contributing to CLL pathogenesis and TME interactions, including T cell function and differentiation. Herein, we report that blocking BET protein function alleviates immunosuppressive networks in the CLL TME and repairs inherent CLL T cell defects. The pan-BET inhibitor OPN-51107 reduced exhaustion-associated cell signatures resulting in improved T cell proliferation and effector function in the Eμ-TCL1 splenic TME. Following BET inhibition (BET-i), TME T cells coexpressed significantly fewer inhibitory receptors (IRs) (e.g., PD-1, CD160, CD244, LAG3, VISTA). Complementary results were witnessed in primary CLL cultures, wherein OPN-51107 exerted proinflammatory effects on T cells, regardless of leukemic cell burden. BET-i additionally promotes a progenitor T cell phenotype through reduced expression of transcription factors that maintain terminal differentiation and increased expression of TCF-1, at least in part through altered chromatin accessibility. Moreover, direct T cell effects of BET-i were unmatched by common targeted therapies in CLL. This study demonstrates the immunomodulatory action of BET-i on CLL T cells and supports the inclusion of BET inhibitors in the management of CLL to alleviate terminal T cell dysfunction and potentially enhance tumoricidal T cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nolan Williams
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases
| | - Dalia Y. Moore
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases
| | - Christopher R. D’Angelo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (FPBCC), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Avyakta Kallam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (FPBCC), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Matthew A. Lunning
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (FPBCC), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - R. Gregory Bociek
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (FPBCC), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Julie M. Vose
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (FPBCC), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Eslam Mohamed
- College of Medicine and College of Graduate Studies, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, California, USA
| | - Anna R. Mahr
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Paul W. Denton
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ben Powell
- Plexxikon Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Dalia El-Gamal
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center (FPBCC), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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2
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Wang J, Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Bibliometric analysis of evolutionary trajectory and prospective directions of LAG-3 in cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1329775. [PMID: 38390331 PMCID: PMC10881671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1329775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Perform a bibliometric analysis on the role of LAG-3 in the domain of cancer, elucidate the prevailing areas of research, and visually depict the evolutionary trajectory and prospective directions of LAG-3 research over the past twenty-three decades. Materials and methods Between 2000 and 2023, a comprehensive review of scholarly articles pertaining to LAG-3 research in the context of cancer was carried out using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Bibliometric analysis can be conducted by taking advantage of VOSviewer (version 1.6.16) and CiteSpace (version 6.2.R4). Create a network diagram to visually represent various authors, countries, and organizations while assessing the publishing years, journals, references, and keywords. Results In conclusion, 1841 records were identified and published in 587 publications. These records were authored by 12,849 individuals affiliated with 2491 institutes across 74 countries. There has been a substantial surge in publications subsequent to 2013. The USA, China, and Germany gave the majority of records, amounting to 69.69%. American institutions actively engage in collaboration with institutions located in other countries. Triebel, F., Vignali, Dario A. A., Workman, Creg J. Drake, Charles G., and Elkord, Eyad are highly regarded authors in their respective fields. However, it is worth noting that Triebel exhibits limited collaboration with other writers. The examination of the role of LAG-3 in cancer and its potential for use in clinical settings is a discernible trend, as seen by keyword analysis. Conclusion The scientific interest in and attention towards LAG-3 has experienced a significant rise since 2013. The United States is leading the way, with China following closely behind. Promoting collaboration among writers, nations, and institutions with varied backgrounds is imperative. The discipline of immunotherapy is currently seeing ongoing progress. A thorough investigation of the distinctive cis ligand TCR-CD3 complex of LAG-3 and its signal transduction mechanism is necessary. Additionally, it is worthwhile to explore novel combinations of LAG-3 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Aggarwal V, Workman CJ, Vignali DAA. LAG-3 as the third checkpoint inhibitor. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1415-1422. [PMID: 37488429 PMCID: PMC11144386 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01569-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) is an inhibitory receptor that is highly expressed by exhausted T cells. LAG-3 is a promising immunotherapeutic target, with more than 20 LAG-3-targeting therapeutics in clinical trials and a fixed-dose combination of anti-LAG-3 and anti-PD-1 now approved to treat unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Although LAG-3 is widely recognized as a potent inhibitory receptor, important questions regarding its biology and mechanism of action remain. In this Perspective, we focus on gaps in the understanding of LAG-3 biology and discuss the five biggest topics of current debate and focus regarding LAG-3, including its ligands, signaling and mechanism of action, its cell-specific functions, its importance in different disease settings, and the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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4
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Andrews LP, Cillo AR, Karapetyan L, Kirkwood JM, Workman CJ, Vignali DA. Molecular Pathways and Mechanisms of LAG3 in Cancer Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:5030-5039. [PMID: 35579997 PMCID: PMC9669281 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy targeting coinhibitory receptors has been highly successful in treating a wide variety of malignancies; however, only a subset of patients exhibits durable responses. The first FDA-approved immunotherapeutics targeting coinhibitory receptors PD1 and CTLA4, alone or in combination, significantly improved survival but were also accompanied by substantial toxicity in combination. The third FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitor targets LAG3, a coinhibitory receptor expressed on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, especially in settings of long-term antigenic stimulation, such as chronic viral infection or cancer. Mechanistically, LAG3 expression limits both the expansion of activated T cells and the size of the memory pool, suggesting that LAG3 may be a promising target for immunotherapy. Importantly, the mechanism(s) by which LAG3 contributes to CD8+ T-cell exhaustion may be distinct from those governed by PD1, indicating that the combination of anti-LAG3 and anti-PD1 may synergistically enhance antitumor immunity. Clinical studies evaluating the role of anti-LAG3 in combination with anti-PD1 are underway, and recent phase III trial results in metastatic melanoma demonstrate both the efficacy and safety of this combination. Further ongoing clinical trials are evaluating this combination across multiple tumor types and the adjuvant setting, with accompanying translational and biomarker-focused studies designed to elucidate the molecular pathways that lead to improved antitumor T-cell responses following dual blockade of PD1 and LAG3. Overall, LAG3 plays an important role in limiting T-cell activation and has now become part of the repertoire of combinatorial immunotherapeutics available for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence P. Andrews
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Anthony R. Cillo
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Lilit Karapetyan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - John M. Kirkwood
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Creg J. Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Dario A.A. Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
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5
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Liang X, Meng Y, Li C, Liu L, Wang Y, Pu L, Hu L, Li Q, Zhai Z. Super-Enhancer–Associated nine-gene prognostic score model for prediction of survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Front Genet 2022; 13:1001364. [PMID: 36186463 PMCID: PMC9521409 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1001364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of highly heterogeneous mature B-cell malignancy with various disease courses. Although a multitude of prognostic markers in CLL have been reported, insights into the role of super-enhancer (SE)–related risk indicators in the occurrence and development of CLL are still lacking. A super-enhancer (SE) is a cluster of enhancers involved in cell differentiation and tumorigenesis, and is one of the promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy in recent years. In our study, the CLL-related super-enhancers in the training database were processed by LASSO-penalized Cox regression analysis to screen a nine-gene prognostic model including TCF7, VEGFA, MNT, GMIP, SLAMF1, TNFRSF25, GRWD1, SLC6AC, and LAG3. The SE-related risk score was further constructed and it was found that the predictive performance with overall survival and time-to-treatment (TTT) was satisfactory. Moreover, a high correlation was found between the risk score and already known prognostic markers of CLL. In the meantime, we noticed that the expressions of TCF7, GMIP, SLAMF1, TNFRSF25, and LAG3 in CLL were different from those of healthy donors (p < 0.01). Moreover, the risk score and LAG3 level of matched pairs before and after treatment samples varied significantly. Finally, an interactive nomogram consisting of the nine-gene risk group and four clinical traits was established. The inhibitors of mTOR and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) were considered effective in patients in the high-risk group according to the pRRophetic algorithm. Collectively, the SE-associated nine-gene prognostic model developed here may be used to predict the prognosis and assist in the risk stratification and treatment of CLL patients in the future.
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6
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Olbertova H, Plevova K, Pavlova S, Malcikova J, Kotaskova J, Stranska K, Spunarova M, Trbusek M, Navrkalova V, Dvorackova B, Tom N, Pal K, Jarosova M, Brychtova Y, Panovska A, Doubek M, Pospisilova S. Evolution of TP53 abnormalities during CLL disease course is associated with telomere length changes. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:137. [PMID: 35114947 PMCID: PMC8812042 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Telomeres are protective structures at chromosome ends which shorten gradually with increasing age. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), short telomeres have been associated with unfavorable disease outcome, but the link between clonal evolution and telomere shortening remains unresolved. Methods We investigated relative telomere length (RTL) in a well-characterized cohort of 198 CLL patients by qPCR and focused in detail on a subgroup 26 patients who underwent clonal evolution of TP53 mutations (evolTP53). In the evolTP53 subgroup we explored factors influencing clonal evolution and corresponding changes in telomere length through measurements of telomerase expression, lymphocyte doubling time, and BCR signaling activity. Results At baseline, RTL of the evolTP53 patients was scattered across the entire RTL spectrum observed in our CLL cohort. RTL changed in the follow-up samples of 16/26 (62%) evolTP53 cases, inclining to reach intermediate RTL values, i.e., longer telomeres shortened compared to baseline while shorter ones prolonged. For the first time we show that TP53 clonal shifts are linked to RTL change, including unexpected RTL prolongation. We further investigated parameters associated with RTL changes. Unstable telomeres were significantly more frequent among younger patients (P = 0.032). Shorter telomeres were associated with decreased activity of the B-cell receptor signaling components p-ERK1/2, p-ZAP-70/SYK, and p-NFκB (P = 0.04, P = 0.01, and P = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions Our study revealed that changes of telomere length reflect evolution in leukemic subclone proportion, and are associated with specific clinico-biological features of the explored cohort. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09221-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Olbertova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karla Plevova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Pavlova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Malcikova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kotaskova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Stranska
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Spunarova
- Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Trbusek
- Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Navrkalova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Dvorackova
- Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Tom
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karol Pal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Jarosova
- Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yvona Brychtova
- Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Panovska
- Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Doubek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
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7
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Malkova AM, Sharoyko VV, Zhukova NV, Gubal AR, Orlova RV. Laboratory biomarkers of an effective antitumor immune response. Clinical significance. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 29:100489. [PMID: 34837797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The modern checkpoint inhibitors block the programmed death-1 receptor and its ligand, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 on tumor cells and lymphocytes, that induces cytotoxic reactions. Nowadays, there are no approved clinical and laboratory predictor markers of immune therapy efficacy, which would allow a more personalized approach to patient selection and treatment. The aim of this review is to analyze possible biomarkers of efficacy for treatment with checkpoint inhibitors according to the pathogenic mechanisms of drug action. The review revealed possible predictive biomarkers, that could be classified to 3 groups: biomarkers of high mutagenic potential of the tumor, biomarkers of high activity of adaptive immunity, biomarkers of low activity of the tumor microenvironment. The determination of the described markers before the start of therapy can be used to formulate a treatment regimen, in which the use of various immunomodulatory drugs, inhibitors of proinflammatory cytokines, angiogenic molecules, and probiotics can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Malkova
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation.
| | - V V Sharoyko
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation.
| | - N V Zhukova
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation.
| | - A R Gubal
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation.
| | - R V Orlova
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation.
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8
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Luo F, Cao J, Lu F, Zeng K, Ma W, Huang Y, Zhang L, Zhao H. Lymphocyte activating gene 3 protein expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is correlated with programmed cell death-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:458. [PMID: 34454491 PMCID: PMC8403354 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has shown promising efficacy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Lymphocyte activating 3 gene (LAG-3) represents a significant immune target, however, its relationship with NPC remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate LAG-3 expression in NPC and its association with CD3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), Granzyme B (GZMB), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and programmed death 1 (PD-1) expression. METHODS A total of 182 patients with NPC from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, China, were included in this retrospective study. LAG-3 expression in 15 NPC cell lines and LAG-3, CD3+ TILs, GZMB, PD-L1 and PD-1 in clinical samples were estimated using immunohistochemistry. The Chi-square test was used to estimate the association between LAG-3, other biomarkers, and clinical characteristics. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox regression model. RESULTS LAG-3 was negatively expressed in all of the 15 NPC cell lines, whereas, 147 patients with NPC (80.8%) exhibited high LAG-3 expression on TILs from tumor tissues. Male patients and those who were EBV-positive presented higher LAG-3 expression. Correlation analyses showed that LAG-3 expression was related to PD-1 expression on TILs, as well as, PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (TCs) and TILs. Both the univariate and multivariate Cox models indicated that pathological type III (P = 0.036), higher LAG-3 on TILs (P < 0.001), higher PD-L1 on TCs (P = 0.027), and higher PD-1 on TILs (P < 0.001) were associated with poorer disease-free survival (DFS). However, lower PD-L1 expression on TILs was related to superior DFS only in the univariate Cox analyses (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Higher LAG-3 and PD-1 on TILs, and higher PD-L1 expression on TCs, and pathological type III were identified as independent risk factors for poorer DFS in NPC patients. Our data demonstrate that LAG-3 is a promising inhibitory receptor that may play an important role in anti-NPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Luo
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Feiteng Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Kangmei Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Liu Y, Chen P, Wang H, Wu S, Zhao S, He Y, Zhou C, Hirsch FR. The landscape of immune checkpoints expression in non-small cell lung cancer: a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:1029-1038. [PMID: 33718041 PMCID: PMC7947413 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing clinical potential of tumor immunotherapy, more and more clinical trials are undergoing with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Immune checkpoints (ICs) have been identified as crucial regulators of the immune response and have improved ICIs-inhibitor therapeutic strategies. The most important ICs in lung cancer include programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), and Galectin-9 (GAL-9), OX-40, OX40L. However, the expression and prognostic value of these ICs are still controversial. Among them, high expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells (>50%) predicts a better therapeutic effect of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody compared to patients with low PD-L1 expression. However, only 20–30% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients seem to get benefit from immunotherapy. In order to improve the immunotherapy outcomes, more and more attention is paid to combination immunotherapy. Analyzing the co-expression of ICs can give us a more comprehensive basis for combination immunotherapy. This review article summarized our comprehensive expression of ICs based on our previous research, and analyzed their correlation with prognosis in NSCLC patients. We also provided suggestions for potentially personalized combination immunotherapy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China.,School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peixin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China.,School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China.,School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyu Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China.,School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China.,School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Mount Sinai Cancer, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Alizadeh M, Safarzadeh A, Hoseini SA, Piryaei R, Mansoori B, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Baghbanzadeh A, Baradaran B. The potentials of immune checkpoints for the treatment of blood malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 153:103031. [PMID: 32622320 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are the regulators of the immune system, which include stimulatory and inhibitory receptors. They play substantial roles in the maintenance of immune system homeostasis and the prevention of autoimmunity and cancer. In the current review, immune checkpoints roles are surveyed in the initiation, progression, and treatment of blood malignancies. The significant roles of immune checkpoints are discussed as clinical markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of a plethora of blood malignancies and also as potential targets for the treatment of these malignancies. It could be concluded that the regulation of immune checkpoints in various blood cancers can be employed as a novel strategy to obtain effective results in leukemia treatment and introduce immune checkpoint inhibitors as sufficient weapons against blood cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Alizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Safarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hoseini
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Piryaei
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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11
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Li W, Qie J, Zhang Y, Chang J. Spatiotemporal Changes in Checkpoint Molecule Expression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1248:167-200. [PMID: 32185711 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, have led to therapeutic breakthrough in patients with advanced malignancy, covering the lung, breast, gastrointestinal, head and neck, urinary system, lymphoma, and solid tumor harboring MSI/dMMR. In certain cancer types, the expression level of immune checkpoint molecule will be required if the immune-based approaches are considered, especially the PD-L1 expression. However, in other types, survival benefit has been proven regardless of PD-L1 expression. It raises a question of how to select patients for immune therapy and whether the expression of immune checkpoint molecules will be optimal biomarkers. Before answering this question, a comprehensive map for the expression of immune checkpoint molecules is needed. In this chapter, we describe our current knowledge on the spatiotemporal changes in the expression of checkpoint molecules. We discuss the different frequencies of expression depending on tumor types and stages, the different patterns between primary and metastatic tumors, as well as the change of expression before and after treatment. The expression of PD-L1 has been most studied, but the threshold that separate "positive" and "negative" PD-L1 expressions and the consistency of testing platform remain under debate. Better understanding on the tumor microenvironment and expression of checkpoint molecules will help to identify patients who will benefit from checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jingbo Qie
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinjia Chang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
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12
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Chen Y, Tan J, Huang S, Huang X, Huang J, Chen J, Yu Z, Lu Y, Weng J, Du X, Li Y, Zha X, Chen S. Higher frequency of the CTLA-4 + LAG-3 + T-cell subset in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2019; 16:e12-e18. [PMID: 31612643 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Immune suppression based on alternative regulation of immune checkpoint proteins, for example, programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 (CTLA-4), which results in T-cell exhaustion, contributes to cancer development and progression. In this study, we sought to characterize the distribution of CTLA-4 and T-cell lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) expression on exhausted T cells in different T-cell subsets from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS The coexpression of CTLA-4 and LAG-3 on exhausted CD244+ and CD57+ T cells from the CD3+ , CD4+ , and CD8+ T-cell subsets in peripheral blood from 12 patients with newly diagnosed AML was analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry assay. RESULTS A significantly higher percentage of CTLA-4+ CD3+ , CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was found in patients with AML. In addition, higher numbers of both CTLA-4+ CD244+ and CTLA-4+ CD57+ CD3+ T cells were detected. Interestingly, the increased CTLA-4+ CD244+ T cells were predominantly CD4+ T cells. In contrast, the increased CTLA-4+ CD57+ T cells primarily consisted of the CD8+ T-cell subset. A high proportion of LAG-3+ T cells was found in only a few cases with AML; however, a significantly higher proportion of coexpression of CTLA-4 and LAG-3 in the CD3+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets was detected. CONCLUSION We for the first time observed higher CTLA-4+ CD244+ CD4+ , CTLA-4+ CD57+ CD8+ , CTLA-4+ LAG-3+ CD3+ and CTLA-4+ LAG-3+ CD8+ T cells in patients with AML, whereas the upregulated expression of LAG-3 on T cells was only found in a subset of the cases. These data may provide further information by complementing the heterogeneity of immune checkpoints expression in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchun Chen
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxiong Tan
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Huang
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingying Huang
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Lu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyu Weng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianfeng Zha
- Department of clinical laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Solinas C, Migliori E, De Silva P, Willard-Gallo K. LAG3: The Biological Processes That Motivate Targeting This Immune Checkpoint Molecule in Human Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1213. [PMID: 31434339 PMCID: PMC6721578 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway is an important regulator of immune responses in peripheral tissues, including abnormal situations such as the tumor microenvironment. This pathway is currently the principal target for immunotherapeutic compounds designed to block immune checkpoint pathways, with these drugs improving clinical outcomes in a number of solid and hematological tumors. Medical oncology is experiencing an immune revolution that has scientists and clinicians looking at alternative, non-redundant inhibitory pathways also involved in regulating immune responses in cancer. A variety of targets have emerged for combinatorial approaches in immune checkpoint blockade. The main purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the biological role of lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3), an emerging targetable inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule. We briefly discuss its role in infection, autoimmune disease and cancer, with a more detailed analysis of current data on LAG3 expression in breast cancer. Current clinical trials testing soluble LAG3 immunoglobulin and LAG3 antagonists are also presented in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Solinas
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Valle d'Aosta, Regional Hospital of Aosta, 11100 Aosta, Italy
| | - Edoardo Migliori
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pushpamali De Silva
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karen Willard-Gallo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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14
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Perez-Santos M, Anaya-Ruiz M, Cebada J, Bandala C, Landeta G, Martínez-Morales P, Villa-Ruano N. LAG-3 antagonists by cancer treatment: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:643-651. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1642873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Perez-Santos
- Oficina de Comercialización de Tecnología, Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Maricruz Anaya-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jorge Cebada
- Facultad de Medicina, Benémerita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Cindy Bandala
- Departamento de Neuurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Landeta
- Coordinación de Investigación Aplicada, Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Patricia Martínez-Morales
- CONACYT-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social - Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Metepec, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Nemesio Villa-Ruano
- CONACYT-Coordinación de Investigación Aplicada, Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
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15
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Maleknia M, Valizadeh A, Pezeshki SMS, Saki N. Immunomodulation in leukemia: cellular aspects of anti-leukemic properties. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:1-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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16
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Perez-Santos M, Anaya-Ruiz M, Cebada J, Herrera-Camacho I. Treatment of cancer with a combination of LAG-3Ig and anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 antibodies: a patent evaluation of US2018271940 A1. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:311-314. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1608947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Perez-Santos
- Oficina de Comercialización de Tecnología, Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Maricruz Anaya-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jorge Cebada
- Facultad de Medicina, Benémerita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Irma Herrera-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
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17
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Li N, Jilisihan B, Wang W, Tang Y, Keyoumu S. Soluble LAG3 acts as a potential prognostic marker of gastric cancer and its positive correlation with CD8+T cell frequency and secretion of IL-12 and INF-γ in peripheral blood. Cancer Biomark 2019; 23:341-351. [PMID: 30223387 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastric cancer (GC) is the second most common lethal cancer worldwide and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) as a therapeutic target for cancers has been investigated. Herein, our study is to clarify the value of peripheral blood (PB) soluble LAG-3 (sLAG3) in GC. METHODS Peripheral serum samples of GC patients and healthy people were collected for the measurement of serum levels of sLAG3, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), IL-12 and IFN-γ. Additionally, ROC and Kaplan-Meier curves were adopted to identify the diagnostic and prognostic values of sLAG-3 in patients with GC. Then, GC-bearing mice were treated with recombinant sLAG3. The tumor volume was measured, and CD8+T cell frequency was detected in PB and tumor-ininfiltrating area. Additionally, the expression of IL-12 and IFN-γ in T cells was assayed and the overall survival of mice was analyzed. RESULTS sLAG3 in PB was poorly expressed and its expression was positively correlated with IL-12 and IFN-γ expression in GC patients. sLAG3 was proved to have a higher diagnostic value than CEA in GC. Moreover, high sLAG-3 expression is found in relation to a better prognosis in GC. The in vivo experiments indicated that sLAG-3 might inhibit the tumor growth, and promote the secretion of CD8+T cells, IL-12 and IFN-γ. Furthermore, sLAG-3 was able to prolong overall survival and increase survival rate of GC-bearing mice. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, we conclude that sLAG3 positively regulates CD8+T cells, IL-12 and IFN-γ, and function as a prognostic marker for GC, which might be a potential target in the treatment of GC.
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18
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Que Y, Fang Z, Guan Y, Xiao W, Xu B, Zhao J, Chen H, Zhang X, Zeng M, Liang Y, Zhang X. LAG-3 expression on tumor-infiltrating T cells in soft tissue sarcoma correlates with poor survival. Cancer Biol Med 2019; 16:331-340. [PMID: 31516753 PMCID: PMC6713642 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To elucidate the role and prognostic significance of lymphocyte activation-gene-3 (LAG-3) in soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Methods The expression of LAG-3 in patient and matched normal blood samples was analyzed by flow cytometry. The localization and prognostic values of LAG-3+ cells in 163 STS patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the expression of tumor-infiltrating CD3+ T, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T cells and their role in the prognosis of STS were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The effect of LAG-3 blockade was evaluated in an immunocompetent MCA205 fibrosarcoma mouse model.
Results Peripheral CD8+ and CD4+ T cells from STS patients expressed higher levels of LAG-3 than those from healthy donors. LAG-3 expression in STS was significantly associated with a poor clinical outcome (P = 0.038 ) and was correlated with high pathological grade (P < 0.001), advanced tumor stage ( P = 0.016). Additionally, LAG-3 expression was highly correlated with CD8+ T-cell infiltration (r = 0.7034, P < 0.001). LAG-3 was expressed in murine tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and its blockade decreased tumor growth and enhanced secretion of interferon-gamma by CD8 + and CD4+ T cells.
Conclusions LAG-3 blockade may be a promising strategy to improve the effects of targeted therapy in STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Que
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhixin Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Central Laboratories, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yuanxiang Guan
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Bushu Xu
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Huoying Chen
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xinke Zhang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Musheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yao Liang
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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19
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Janovská P, Bryja V. Wnt signalling pathways in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and B-cell lymphomas. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4701-4715. [PMID: 28703283 PMCID: PMC5727250 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the intricate roles of the Wnt signalling network in the development and progression of mature B-cell-derived haematological malignancies, with a focus on chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and related B-cell lymphomas. We review the current literature and highlight the differences between the β-catenin-dependent and -independent branches of Wnt signalling. Special attention is paid to the role of the non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, mediated by the Wnt-5-receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (ROR1)-Dishevelled signalling axis in CLL. This is mainly because the Wnt/PCP co-receptor ROR1 was found to be overexpressed in CLL and the Wnt/PCP pathway contributes to numerous aspects of CLL pathogenesis. We also discuss the possibilities of therapeutically targeting the Wnt signalling pathways as an approach to disrupt the crucial interaction between malignant cells and their micro-environment. We also advocate the need for research in this direction for other lymphomas, namely, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma and follicular lymphoma where the Wnt signalling pathway probably plays a similar role. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Janovská
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
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20
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Plešingerová H, Janovská P, Mishra A, Smyčková L, Poppová L, Libra A, Plevová K, Ovesná P, Radová L, Doubek M, Pavlová Š, Pospíšilová Š, Bryja V. Expression of COBLL1 encoding novel ROR1 binding partner is robust predictor of survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2017; 103:313-324. [PMID: 29122990 PMCID: PMC5792276 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.178699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a disease with up-regulated expression of the transmembrane tyrosine-protein kinase ROR1, a member of the Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway. In this study, we identified COBLL1 as a novel interaction partner of ROR1. COBLL1 shows clear bimodal expression with high levels in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with mutated IGHV and approximately 30% of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with unmutated IGHV. In the remaining 70% of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with unmutated IGHV, COBLL1 expression is low. Importantly, chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with unmutated IGHV and high COBLL1 have an unfavorable disease course with short overall survival and time to second treatment. COBLL1 serves as an independent molecular marker for overall survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with unmutated IGHV. In addition, chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with unmutated IGHV and high COBLL1 show impaired motility and chemotaxis towards CCL19 and CXCL12 as well as enhanced B-cell receptor signaling pathway activation demonstrated by increased PLCγ2 and SYK phosphorylation after IgM stimulation. COBLL1 expression also changes during B-cell maturation in non-malignant secondary lymphoid tissue with a higher expression in germinal center B cells than naïve and memory B cells. Our data thus suggest COBLL1 involvement not only in chronic lymphocytic leukemia but also in B-cell development. In summary, we show that expression of COBLL1, encoding novel ROR1-binding partner, defines chronic lymphocytic leukemia subgroups with a distinct response to microenvironmental stimuli, and independently predicts survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with unmutated IGHV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Plešingerová
- Center of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine- Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Janovská
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Archana Mishra
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Smyčková
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Poppová
- Center of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine- Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Libra
- Generi Biotech, s.r.o., Hradec Králové, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karla Plevová
- Center of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine- Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Ovesná
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Radová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Doubek
- Center of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine- Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Pavlová
- Center of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine- Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Pospíšilová
- Center of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine- Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic .,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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21
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Andrews LP, Marciscano AE, Drake CG, Vignali DAA. LAG3 (CD223) as a cancer immunotherapy target. Immunol Rev 2017; 276:80-96. [PMID: 28258692 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 597] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the impressive impact of CTLA4 and PD1-PDL1-targeted cancer immunotherapy, a large proportion of patients with many tumor types fail to respond. Consequently, the focus has shifted to targeting alternative inhibitory receptors (IRs) and suppressive mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment. Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3) (CD223) is the third IR to be targeted in the clinic, consequently garnering considerable interest and scrutiny. LAG3 upregulation is required to control overt activation and prevent the onset of autoimmunity. However, persistent antigen exposure in the tumor microenvironment results in sustained LAG3 expression, contributing to a state of exhaustion manifest in impaired proliferation and cytokine production. The exact signaling mechanisms downstream of LAG3 and interplay with other IRs remain largely unknown. However, the striking synergy between LAG3 and PD1 observed in multiple settings, coupled with the contrasting intracellular cytoplasmic domain of LAG3 as compared with other IRs, highlights the potential uniqueness of LAG3. There are now four LAG3-targeted therapies in the clinic with many more in preclinical development, emphasizing the broad interest in this IR. Given the translational relevance of LAG3 and the heightened interest in the impact of dual LAG3/PD1 targeting in the clinic, the outcome of these trials could serve as a nexus; significantly increasing or dampening enthusiasm for subsequent targets in the cancer immunotherapeutic pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence P Andrews
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ariel E Marciscano
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles G Drake
- Departments of Oncology, Immunology and Urology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Shapiro M, Herishanu Y, Katz BZ, Dezorella N, Sun C, Kay S, Polliack A, Avivi I, Wiestner A, Perry C. Lymphocyte activation gene 3: a novel therapeutic target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2017; 102:874-882. [PMID: 28154084 PMCID: PMC5477606 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.148965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel therapeutic approach in cancer, attempting to stimulate host anti-tumor immunity, involves blocking of immune checkpoints. Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) is an immune checkpoint receptor expressed on activated/exhausted T cells. When engaged by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, LAG3 negatively regulates T-cell function, thereby contributing to tumor escape. Intriguingly, a soluble LAG3 variant activates both immune and malignant MHC class II-presenting cells. In the study herein, we examined the role of LAG3 in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, an MHC class II-presenting malignancy, and show that chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells express and secrete LAG3. High levels of surface and soluble LAG3 were associated with the unmutated immunoglobulin variable heavy chain leukemic subtype and a shorter median time from diagnosis to first treatment. Utilizing a mechanism mediated through MHC class II engagement, recombinant soluble LAG3-Ig fusion protein, LAG3-Fc, activated chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, induced anti-apoptotic pathways and protected the cells from spontaneous apoptosis, effects mediated by SYK, BTK and MAPK signaling. Moreover, LAG3 blocking antibody enhanced in vitro T-cell activation. Our data suggest that soluble LAG3 promotes leukemic cell activation and anti-apoptotic effects through its engagement with MHC class II. Furthermore, MHC class II-presenting chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells may affect LAG3-presenting T cells and impose immune exhaustion on their microenvironment; hence, blocking LAG3-MHC class II interactions is a potential therapeutic target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Shapiro
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel
| | - Yair Herishanu
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ben-Zion Katz
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Nili Dezorella
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Clare Sun
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sigi Kay
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel
| | | | - Irit Avivi
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Adrian Wiestner
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chava Perry
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel
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23
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He Y, Yu H, Rozeboom L, Rivard CJ, Ellison K, Dziadziuszko R, Suda K, Ren S, Wu C, Hou L, Zhou C, Hirsch FR. LAG-3 Protein Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Relationship with PD-1/PD-L1 and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes. J Thorac Oncol 2017; 12:814-823. [PMID: 28132868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunotherapy targeting the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint has shown promising efficacy in patients with NSCLC. Lymphocyte activating 3 gene (LAG-3) is another important checkpoint, and its role in NSCLC is still not clear. In this study we investigated lymphocyte activing 3 (LAG-3) protein expression; its correlation with PD-1, PD-L1, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs); and its association with survival in NSCLC. METHODS The expression of LAG-3 (EPR4392 [Abcam, Cambridge, MA]) protein was assessed in 55 NSCLC cell lines by immunohistochemistry. LAG-3, PD-1 (NAT 105 [Cell Marque, Rocklin, CA]), and PD-L1 (22C3 [Dako, Carpenteria, CA]) protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and TIL abundance was scored in 139 surgically resected specimens from patients with NSCLC. We also verified results in samples from 62 patients with untreated NSCLC and detected a correlation between LAG-3 expression and EGFR and KRAS mutation and echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4 gene (EML4)-anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase gene (ALK) rearrangement. RESULTS LAG-3 was not expressed on any of the 55 NSCLC cell lines. However, LAG-3 was expressed on the TILs in 36 patients with NSCLC (25.9%). Sixty patient samples (43.2%) were positive for PD-1 on the TILs, and 25 (18.0%) were positive for PD-L1 on tumor cells. Neither LAG-3 nor PD-1 was expressed on the tumor cells. LAG-3 was overexpressed on the TILs in nonadenocarcinoma compared with in adenocarcinoma (p = 0.031). LAG-3 expression on TILs was significantly correlated with that of PD-1 on TILs (p < 0.001) and PD-L1 on tumor cells (p = 0.041) but not with TIL percentage (p = 0.244). With the logistic regression model, the ORs for LAG-3 were 0.320 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.110-0.929) and 4.364 (95% CI: 1.898-10.031) when nonadenocarcinoma was compared with adenocarcinoma and TILs that were negative for PD-1 were compared with those positive for PD-1. Recurrence-free survival was significantly different in patients whose TILs were LAG-3-negative as opposed to LAG-3-positive (1.91 years [95% CI: 0.76-3.06] versus 0.87 years [95% CI: 0.27-1.47] [p = 0.025]). Likewise, LAG-3 status of TILs (negative versus positive) did significantly affect overall survival (OS) (3.04 years [95% CI: 2.76-3.32] versus 1.08 years [95% CI: 0.42-1.74] [p = 0.039]). Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, we found that patients with both PD-L1-negative tumor cells and LAG-3-negative TILs have longer recurrence-free survival than patients who are either PD-L1- or LAG-3-positive or both PD-L1- and LAG-3-positive (2.09 years [95% CI: 0.90-3.28] versus 1.42 years [95% CI: 0.46-2.34] versus 0.67 years [95% CI: 0.00-1.45] [p = 0.007]). In the verification stage, high expression of LAG-3 was also significantly correlated with higher expression of PD-1 on TILs (p = 0.016) and PD-L1 on tumor cells (p = 0.014). There was no correlation between LAG-3 expression and EGFR (p = 0.325) and KRAS mutation (p = 1.000) and ALK fusion (p = 0.562). CONCLUSIONS LAG-3 is expressed on TILs in tumor tissues of some patients with NSCLC. Its expression was higher in nonadenocarcinoma and correlated with PD-1/PD-L1 expression. LAG-3 positivity or both LAG-3 and PD-L1 positivity was correlated with early postoperative recurrence. LAG-3 was related to poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi He
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Hui Yu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Leslie Rozeboom
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christopher J Rivard
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kim Ellison
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rafal Dziadziuszko
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kenichi Suda
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Likun Hou
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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He Y, Rivard CJ, Rozeboom L, Yu H, Ellison K, Kowalewski A, Zhou C, Hirsch FR. Lymphocyte-activation gene-3, an important immune checkpoint in cancer. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1193-7. [PMID: 27297395 PMCID: PMC5021038 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has recently become widely used in lung cancer. Many oncologists are focused on cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). Immunotherapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoints has shown promising efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but questions remain to be answered. Among them is whether the simultaneous inhibition of other checkpoints could improve outcomes. Lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is another vital checkpoint that may have a synergistic interaction with PD-1/PD-L1. Here we review the LAG-3 function in cancer, clinical trials with agents targeting LAG-3 and the correlation of LAG-3 with other checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher J Rivard
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Leslie Rozeboom
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hui Yu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kim Ellison
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ashley Kowalewski
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Plesingerova H, Librova Z, Plevova K, Libra A, Tichy B, Skuhrova Francova H, Vrbacky F, Smolej L, Mayer J, Bryja V, Doubek M, Pospisilova S. COBLL1, LPL and ZAP70 expression defines prognostic subgroups of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with high accuracy and correlates with IGHV mutational status. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:70-79. [PMID: 27185377 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1180690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The clinical course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is highly variable. Patients with unmutated IGHV (U-CLL) usually progress rapidly, whereas patients with mutated IGHV (M-CLL) have a more indolent disease. The expression of several genes correlates closely with the IGHV mutational status and could be used to assess prognosis in CLL. We analyzed the prognostic relevance of COBLL1, LPL, and ZAP70 gene expression, which correlated with IGHV mutational status (p < 0.0001), in 117 CLL patients and established a prognostic parameter dividing the tested cohort according to the disease aggressiveness. Our prognostic parameter was validated on an independent cohort of 161 CLL patients and achieved a high accuracy (94%). Patients divided according to the prognostic parameter differ in overall survival and time to first treatment (p < 0.0001, HR = 2.300/5.970, 95% CI: 1.587-3.450/4.621-15.86). Our approach provides a reliable alternative method to prognosis assessment via IGHV mutational status analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Plesingerova
- a Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic.,b Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Librova
- c GENERI BIOTECH s.r.o , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Karla Plevova
- a Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic.,b Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Libra
- c GENERI BIOTECH s.r.o , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Boris Tichy
- a Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Hana Skuhrova Francova
- b Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Filip Vrbacky
- d 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove , University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Charles University , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Smolej
- d 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove , University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Charles University , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mayer
- a Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic.,b Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- e Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Brno , Czech Republic.,f Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science , Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Michael Doubek
- a Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic.,b Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- a Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic.,b Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Czech Republic
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26
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Synthesis of acridine-1,8-dione substituted (E)-5-(3-aminoallyl)-uridine-5′-triphosphate: a new potential fluorogenic molecular probe. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Fuertes Marraco SA, Neubert NJ, Verdeil G, Speiser DE. Inhibitory Receptors Beyond T Cell Exhaustion. Front Immunol 2015; 6:310. [PMID: 26167163 PMCID: PMC4481276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory receptors (iRs) are frequently associated with "T cell exhaustion". However, the expression of iRs is also dependent on T cell differentiation and activation. Therapeutic blockade of various iRs, also referred to as "checkpoint blockade", is showing -unprecedented results in the treatment of cancer patients. Consequently, the clinical potential in this field is broad, calling for increased research efforts and rapid refinements in the understanding of iR function. In this review, we provide an overview on the significance of iR expression for the interpretation of T cell functionality. We summarize how iRs have been strongly associated with "T cell exhaustion" and illustrate the parallel evidence on the importance of T cell differentiation and activation for the expression of iRs. The differentiation subsets of CD8 T cells (naïve, effector, and memory cells) show broad and inherent differences in iR expression, while activation leads to strong upregulation of iRs. Therefore, changes in iR expression during an immune response are often concomitant with T cell differentiation and activation. Sustained expression of iRs in chronic infection and in the tumor microenvironment likely reflects a specialized T cell differentiation. In these situations of prolonged antigen exposure and chronic inflammation, T cells are "downtuned" in order to limit tissue damage. Furthermore, we review the novel "checkpoint blockade" treatments and the potential of iRs as biomarkers. Finally, we provide recommendations for the immune monitoring of patients to interpret iR expression data combined with parameters of activation and differentiation of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A. Fuertes Marraco
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natalie J. Neubert
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Verdeil
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E. Speiser
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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28
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Novel Immunologic Approaches in Lymphoma: Unleashing the Brakes on the Immune System. Curr Oncol Rep 2015; 17:30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11912-015-0456-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Sevov M, Rosenquist R, Mansouri L. RNA-based markers as prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 5:69-79. [DOI: 10.1586/ehm.11.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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30
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Porpaczy E, Tauber S, Bilban M, Kostner G, Gruber M, Eder S, Heintel D, Le T, Fleiss K, Skrabs C, Shehata M, Jäger U, Vanura K. Lipoprotein lipase in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia - strong biomarker with lack of functional significance. Leuk Res 2013; 37:631-6. [PMID: 23478142 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA overexpression is an established poor prognostic marker, its function, however, is poorly understood. Measuring extracellular LPL enzymatic activity and protein, we found no difference between levels in CLL patients and those of controls, both before and after heparin treatment in vivo and in vitro. Investigating LPL knock down effects, we determined five potential downstream targets, of which one gene, STXBP3, reportedly is involved in fatty acid metabolism. While possibly reflecting an epigenetic switch towards an incorrect transcriptional program, LPL overexpression by itself does not appear to significantly influence CLL cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Porpaczy
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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31
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Kaucká M, Plevová K, Pavlová Š, Janovská P, Mishra A, Verner J, Procházková J, Krejčí P, Kotašková J, Ovesná P, Tichý B, Brychtová Y, Doubek M, Kozubík A, Mayer J, Pospíšilová Š, Bryja V. The Planar Cell Polarity Pathway Drives Pathogenesis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia by the Regulation of B-Lymphocyte Migration. Cancer Res 2013; 73:1491-501. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Identification of novel splice variants in horn cancer by RNA-Seq analysis in Zebu cattle. Genomics 2012; 101:57-63. [PMID: 23063905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Horn cancer accounts for nearly 83% of total tumors found in Indian Zebu cattle, which results in chronic suffering and causes heavy economic losses. Alternative splicing has been frequently implicated in the various types of cancer progression. Utilizing the transcriptome sequence generated by next generation sequencing, we analyzed the transcript data for the presence of alternative splicing using BLAT program and identified 27 alternatively spliced genes, of which 12 spliced variants appeared to be the novel spliced candidates. Protein prediction of these novel spliced variants revealed that splice variation has caused either truncation of protein, insertion/deletion of stretch of amino acids or formation of unique carboxy terminus. The RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of 8 of the 12 novel spliced variants observed by transcriptome sequencing. Additionally, altered splicing/expression of these novel candidates between cancer and normal tissues revealed by qPCR suggests their potential involvement in the development of horn cancer.
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Huang PY, Best OG, Belov L, Mulligan SP, Christopherson RI. Surface profiles for subclassification of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:1046-56. [PMID: 22023531 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.631370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has a variable clinical course. Some patients have stable disease while others progress and require treatment. Levels of several cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens are known to correlate with prognosis and may be used to stratify patients according to risk. In this review, we summarize current information on surface CD antigens found on CLL, their pathological significance and their detection using CD antibody microarrays. The use of extensive immunophenotypic patterns or surface profiles as disease signatures for CLL subclassification, prognosis and patient management is discussed with a focus on triaging patients with CLL with progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Y Huang
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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34
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Doubek M, Mayer J, Obrtlíková P, Smolej L, Cmunt E, Schwarz J, Brejcha M, Kozmon P, Pospíšilová Š, Brychtová Y, Pospíšil Z, Trněný M. Modern and conventional prognostic markers of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in the everyday haematological practice. Eur J Haematol 2011; 87:130-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2011.01639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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