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Ayoka TO, Nwachukwu N, Ene AC, Igwe CU, Nnadi CO. The Hepatocurative Effects of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides Alkaloids on Tetrachloromethane-Induced Hepatotoxicity on Albino Rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2024; 39:188-196. [PMID: 38577140 PMCID: PMC10987411 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the hepatocurative activity of the bulk alkaloids of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides in a tetrachloromethane (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity model in rats. The hepatocurative activity of the alkaloids at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg doses was demonstrated by the assay of both enzymic and non-enzymic parameters. Sections of the liver were also subjected to histological examinations. Mapping techniques and data visualization approaches were adopted in finding relationships between the enzymic and non-enzymic parameters and the treatment groups. The bulk alkaloids caused dose-dependent effects on both the enzymic and non-enzymic parameters. The bulk alkaloids elicited a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in all liver and antioxidant enzymes activities compared with the untreated. The 600 mg/kg dose caused the restoration of the ALP, ALT and AST to 76.16, 10.72 and 11.83 iU/L respectively similar to the standard butylated hydroxytoluene. The 600 mg/kg dose also caused a slight increase in the activities of SOD, catalase and GPx to 11.45. 1.37 and 11.66 iU/L respectively when compared with the untreated rats. In the non-enzymic assays, the 600 mg/kg dose elicited a significant (p < 0.05) upregulation in the total bilirubin (1.18 mg/100 mL), total protein (3.75 g/dL), HDL (1.80 mMol/L) and vitamin C (2.41 mg/dL) and decrease in the CHOL (3.35 g/dL), TAG (1.85 mMol/L), LDL (0.67 mMol/L), BUN (39.55 mg/dL) and MDA (1.13 nMol/mL) when compared with the untreated rats. The restoration of the natural histo-architecture of the CCl4-damaged liver by the alkaloids further evidenced the hepatocurative activity of the bulk alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thecla Okeahunwa Ayoka
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Biochemistry Unit), Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State Nigeria
| | - Ngwu Nwachukwu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State Nigeria
| | - Aloysius Chinedu Ene
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State Nigeria
| | - Chidi Uzoma Igwe
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State Nigeria
| | - Charles Okeke Nnadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State Nigeria
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Diovu EO, Ayoka TO, Onah CM, Okorie NH, Nnadi CO. Biochemical and histological insights of 1,4-polyisoprene isolated from Sphenocentrum jollyanum pierre (menispermaceae) stem in wound healing activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116248. [PMID: 36791929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sphenocentrum jollyanum whole stem extract is used traditionally in combination with its leaves to treat chronic wounds and also ameliorate conditions that exacerbate wounds such as diabetes mellitus. AIM OF THE STUDY The study isolated the major wound healing bioactive compound from the non-polar fraction of S. jollyanum extract and evaluated the in vivo wound healing activity of a 0.10% w/w 1,4-polyisoprene-based ointment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The major bioactive constituent of S. jollyanum was isolated using a wound healing activity-guided approach and characterized the compound using 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopic techniques. The wound healing activity study adopted both excision (wound contraction) and incision (biochemical) models. RESULTS In the excision model, the 1,4-polyisoprene caused 99% wound closure and restored the excised wound on day 12. On the 6th and 12th post-wounding days, 1,4-polyisoprene caused a significant (p < 0.001) elevation in the tensile strength (486 g) of the incision wound compared with the control (388 g). The biochemical (hexosamine and hydroxyproline) and antioxidant/inflammatory (ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) parameters increased significantly while malondialdehyde was down-regulated in the wounds treated with 1,4-polyisoprene compared with control. The histological analysis of tissue sections taken from the edge and center of the wounds at 0-12 days post wounding revealed an increased tissue regeneration, accelerated collagen formation, and epidermal regeneration without edema or inflammation on the 12th day. CONCLUSION The major wound healing constituent of S. jollyanum is 1,4-polyisoprene and the study has provided a new class of compounds for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith O Diovu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Thecla O Ayoka
- Department of Science Laboratory and Technology (Biochemistry Unit), Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Chinwe M Onah
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Ndidiamaka H Okorie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Charles O Nnadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.
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Takahashi H, Nakajima A, Matsumoto Y, Mori H, Inoue K, Yamanouchi H, Tanaka K, Tomiga Y, Miyahara M, Yada T, Iba Y, Matsuda Y, Watanabe K, Anzai K. Administration of Jerusalem artichoke reduces the postprandial plasma glucose and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) concentrations in humans. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:7870. [PMID: 35440936 PMCID: PMC8985572 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.7870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The consumption of Jerusalem artichoke has multiple beneficial effects against diabetes and obesity. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a single administration of Jerusalem artichoke tubers on postprandial glycemia and the concentrations of incretin hormones in humans. Method Grated Jerusalem artichoke was administered prior to a meal (Trial 1; white rice for prediabetic participants, n = 10). Dose-dependent effect of Jerusalem artichoke (Trial 2; white rice for prediabetic participants, n = 4) and effect prior to the fat-rich meal were also investigated (Trial 3; healthy participants, n = 5) in this pilot study. Circulating glucose, insulin, triglyceride, glucagon, active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and active glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) concentrations were subsequently measured in all the trials. Results Jerusalem artichoke significantly reduced the glucose and GIP concentrations after the consumption of either meal in Trial 1 and Trial 3, whereas there were no differences in the insulin, glucagon, and active GLP-1 concentrations. Also, there was no significant difference in the triglyceride concentration after the ingestion of the fat-rich meal in Trial 3. The glucose and GIP-lowering effects were dose-dependent, and the consumption of at least 100 g of Jerusalem artichoke was required to have these effects in Trial 2. Conclusion This study demonstrates that a single administration of Jerusalem artichoke tubers reduces postprandial glucose and active GIP concentrations in prediabetic and healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Akane Nakajima
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Center of Nutritional Education, Saga University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuichi Matsumoto
- Center for Education and Research in Agricultural Innovation, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Karatsu, Saga, Japan
| | - Hitoe Mori
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kanako Inoue
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamanouchi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuki Tomiga
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Maki Miyahara
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yada
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yumiko Iba
- Center of Nutritional Education, Saga University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yayoi Matsuda
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Watanabe
- Center for Education and Research in Agricultural Innovation, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Karatsu, Saga, Japan
| | - Keizo Anzai
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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da Silva LP, Borges BA, Veloso MP, Chagas-Paula DA, Gonçalves RV, Novaes RD. Impact of sesquiterpene lactones on the skin and skin-related cells? A systematic review of in vitro and in vivo evidence. Life Sci 2020; 265:118815. [PMID: 33278385 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although anti-inflammatory properties are attributed to sesquiterpene lactones (SL), cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions are proposed as limitations for SL-based therapies. Thus, the impact of SL on the skin and skin-related cells was systematically reviewed. Studies indexed in electronic databases were screened from the PRISMA strategy. The risk of bias in all studies was verified from the SYRCLE's tool. Thirty original studies were recovered and analyzed. Mice and guinea pig, keratinocytes and fibroblasts were predominantly investigated from in vivo and in vitro studies, respectively. In vivo studies indicated that most SL induced contact dermatitis associated with edema, erythema, and inflammatory infiltrate. Conversely, in vitro evidence was consistent with a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of SL in response to reduced cytokines, 5-LOX, and COX-2 levels or activity in keratinocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages and dendritic cells; which are events potentially triggered by downregulation of gene expression and/or inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In vivo studies presented uncertain to high-risk of bias mainly associated with underreporting of randomization and experimental blinding. The current evidence supports potent cutaneous immunomodulatory properties of SL. Although in vitro and in vivo studies indicate opposite anti- or proinflammatory effects, this contradiction exhibits a dose-dependent component. In addition, the anti-inflammatory pathways activated by SL are better understood from in vitro evidence. However, additional studies are required to elucidating specific anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory mechanisms triggered by SL in vivo. Thus, controlling the sources of bias described in this review can contribute to improving the quality of the evidence in further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laíla Pereira da Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno Arantes Borges
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcia Paranho Veloso
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Aparecida Chagas-Paula
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Rômulo Dias Novaes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Salazar-Gómez A, Ontiveros-Rodríguez JC, Pablo-Pérez SS, Vargas-Díaz ME, Garduño-Siciliano L. The potential role of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from medicinal plants in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome - A review. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN ASSOCIATION OF BOTANISTS = SUID-AFRIKAANSE TYDSKRIF VIR PLANTKUNDE : AMPTELIKE TYDSKRIF VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE GENOOTSKAP VAN PLANTKUNDIGES 2020; 135:240-251. [PMID: 32963416 PMCID: PMC7493762 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome comprises a cluster of metabolic disorders related to the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In latter years, plant secondary metabolites have become of special interest because of their potential role in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. Sesquiterpene lactones constitute a large and diverse group of biologically active compounds widely distributed in several medicinal plants used for the treatment of metabolic disorders. The structural diversity and the broad spectrum of biological activities of these compounds drew significant interests in the pharmacological applications. This review describes selected sesquiterpene lactones that have been experimentally validated for their biological activities related to risk factors of metabolic syndrome, together with their mechanisms of action. The potential beneficial effects of sesquiterpene lactones discussed in this review demonstrate that these substances represent remarkable compounds with a diversity of molecular structure and high biological activity, providing new insights into the possible role in metabolic syndrome management.
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Key Words
- ACE, angiotensin I-converting enzyme
- AMPK, activated protein kinase
- APOC3, apolipoprotein C3
- AT, adipose tissue
- Antidiabetic
- CAT, catalase
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- FFA, free fatty acids
- FN, fibronectin
- G6Pase, glucose-6-phosphatase
- GK, glucokinase
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- HDL-C, high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol
- Hypoglycemic
- Hypolipidemic
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IL-1β, interleukin 1 beta
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IR, insulin resistance
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinases
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
- Medicinal plants
- MetS, metabolic syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NO, nitric oxide
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SLns, sesquiterpene lactones
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STAT1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Sesquiterpene lactones
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- TGF-β1, transforming growth factor beta
- TLRs, Toll-like receptor
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuar Salazar-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Julio C Ontiveros-Rodríguez
- CONACYT - Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-1, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Saudy S Pablo-Pérez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M Elena Vargas-Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leticia Garduño-Siciliano
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Gai F, Karamać M, Janiak MA, Amarowicz R, Peiretti PG. Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) Plants at Various Growth Stages Subjected to Extraction-Comparison of the Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Profile. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E535. [PMID: 32575358 PMCID: PMC7346105 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) extracts obtained from the aerial parts of plants harvested at five growth stages. In vitro assays were used to determine the antioxidant activity, i.e., ABTS•+ and DPPH• scavenging activity, the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the ability to inhibit β-carotene-linoleic acid emulsion oxidation. Phenolic compounds, such as mono- and dicaffeoylquinic acid isomers and caffeic acid hexose, were identified using the LC-TOF-MS/MS technique. The predominant compound during the growth cycle of the plant was 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, whose content was the highest at the mid-flowering stage. The total phenolic content was also the highest in sunflowers at the mid-flowering stage. The main phenolic compound contents were closely correlated with ABTS•+ and DPPH• scavenging activity and FRAP. No significant correlation was found between the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity in the emulsion system. The highest antiradical activity and FRAP were generally determined in older plants (mid-flowering and late flowering stages). In conclusion, the aerial parts of sunflowers, in particular those harvested at the mid-flowering stage, are a good plant material from which to obtain phenolic compound extracts, albeit mainly of one class (esters of caffeic acid and quinic acid), with high antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gai
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (F.G.); (P.G.P.)
| | - Magdalena Karamać
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.A.J.); (R.A.)
| | - Michał A. Janiak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.A.J.); (R.A.)
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.A.J.); (R.A.)
| | - Pier Giorgio Peiretti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (F.G.); (P.G.P.)
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