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Kreshchenko N, Terenina N, Mochalova N, Movsesyan S. Neuromuscular system of the causative agent of dicrocoeliosis, Dicrocoelium lanceatum. II. Neuropeptide FMRFamide immunoreactivity in nervous system. ZOOLOGY 2022; 155:126054. [PMID: 36335805 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2022.126054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The parasitic flatworm, trematoda Dicrocoelium lanceatum or lancet fluke is the causative agent of a widespread parasite disease of grazing ruminants, dicrocoeliosis. The aim of this work is the study of the presence and localization of neuropeptide FMRFamide immunoreactive elements in the nervous system of D. lanceatum using immunocytochemical technique and confocal scanning laser microscopy. For the first time the data on the presence and distribution of the FMRFamide-immunopositive components in the central and peripheral departments of the nervous system of D. lanceatum has been obtained. FMRFamidergic neurons and neurites were identified in paired brain ganglia, in the brain commissure, longitudinal nerve cords and connective nerve commissures. The innervation of the oral and ventral suckers by peptidergic nerve structures was revealed. The distal part of the reproductive system is innervated by FMRFamide immunopositive neurites. The data obtained suggest that the neuropeptides of FMRFamide family can be involved in the regulation of functions of the attachment organs and the reproductive system in D. lanceatum. The study of neurotransmitters and their functions in flatworms expand our knowledge on the structure and function of the nervous system of trematodes of various taxonomic groups. The results obtained on the morphological organization of D. lanceatum nervous system support the exploitation of the FMRFamidergic components as an anthelmintic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kreshchenko
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda Terenina
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Natalia Mochalova
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Sergey Movsesyan
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia; Institute of Zoology of Scientific Center for Zoology and Hydroecology, National Academy of Sciences of Republic of Armenia, P. Sevaka str.,7, Yerevan 0014, Armenia.
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Terenina NB, Kreshchenko ND, Mochalova NV, Nikoghosyan MA, Petrosyan RA, Movsesyan SO. Neuromuscular system of the causative agent of dicrocoeliosis, Dicrocoelium lanceatum. I. 5-Hydroxytryptamine in the nervous system. Vet Parasitol 2022; 309:109768. [PMID: 35914354 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The trematode Dicrocoelium lanceatum known as lancet fluke, is a causative agent of dicrocoeliosis, a widespread parasitic disease of the grazing ruminants. The investigation of the major neurotransmitters and their functions are an important step in the development of a new pharmacological strategy of the struggle against the dicrocoeliosis affecting the neuronal signal substances and the functions of its nervous system. The aim of this work was to study the presence and localization of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT, 5-Hydroxytryptamine) in the nervous system of D. lanceatum using immunocytochemical technique and confocal laser scanning microscopy. For the first time the data on the presence and distribution of serotonin-immunopositive components in the central and peripheral compartments of the nervous system of D. lanceatum has been obtained. Serotonin-immunopositive neurons and neurites were identified in paired brain ganglia, in the brain commissure, longitudinal nerve cords and connective nerve commissures. The innervation of the oral and ventral suckers by serotonergic nerve structures was revealed. The distal part of the reproductive system and the region of the reproductive pore were intensively innervated by serotonergic neurites. Serotonin-immunopositive neurons and neurites were also revealed in the proximal region of the reproductive system. The data obtained suggest that the serotonergic nervous system is involved in the regulation of the attachment organs and the reproductive system functions in D. lanceatum. The new results on the morphological and functional organization of the D. lanceatum nervous system increase our knowledge of the structure and function of nervous system of trematodes of various taxonomic groups and support the possibility of the exploitation of the serotonergic system of the parasite as a target for anthelmintic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Terenina
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia.
| | - N D Kreshchenko
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - N V Mochalova
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Nikoghosyan
- Institute of Zoology, Scientific Center for Zoology and Hydroecology, National Academy of Sciences of Republic of Armenia, P. Sevaka str., 7, Erevan 0014, Armenia
| | - R A Petrosyan
- Institute of Zoology, Scientific Center for Zoology and Hydroecology, National Academy of Sciences of Republic of Armenia, P. Sevaka str., 7, Erevan 0014, Armenia
| | - S O Movsesyan
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
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Montazeri M, Fakhar M, Keighobadi M. The Potential Role of the Serotonin Transporter as a Drug Target against Parasitic Infections: A Scoping Review of the Literature. RECENT ADVANCES IN ANTI-INFECTIVE DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 17:23-33. [PMID: 35249526 DOI: 10.2174/1574891x16666220304232301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several in vitro and in vivo biological activities of serotonin, 5- hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), as a bioactive molecule, and its transporter (5-HT-Tr) were evaluated in parasitic infections. OBJECTIVE Herein, the roles of 5-HT and 5-HTR in helminths and protozoan infections with medical and veterinary importance are reviewed. METHODS We searched information in 4 main databases and reviewed published literature about the serotonin transporter's role as a promising therapeutic target against pathogenic parasitic infections between 2000 and 2021. RESULTS Based on recent investigations, 5-HT and 5-HT-Tr play various roles in parasite infections, including biological function, metabolic activity, organism motility, parasite survival, and immune response modulation. Moreover, some of the 5-HT-TR in Schistosoma mansoni showed an excess of favorite substrates for biogenic amine 5-HT compared to their mammalian hosts. Furthermore, the main neuronal protein related to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) was identified in S. mansoni and Echinococcus granulosus, playing main roles in these parasites. In addition, 5-HT increased in toxoplasmosis, giardiasis, and Chagas disease. On the other hand, in Plasmodium spp., different forms of targeted 5-HTR stimulate Ca2+ release, intracellular inositol triphosphate (ITP), cAMP, and protein kinase A (PKA) activity. CONCLUSION This review summarized the several functional roles of the 5-HT and the importance of the 5-HT-TR as a drug target with minimal harm to the host to fight against helminths and protozoan infections. Hopefully, this review will shed light on research regarding serotonin transporter-based therapies as a potential drug target soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbobeh Montazeri
- The Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- The Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- The Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- The Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Masoud Keighobadi
- The Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- The Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Terenina N, Kreshchenko N, Movsesyan S. Musculature and neurotransmitters of internal organs of trematodes (the digestive, reproductive and excretory systems). ZOOLOGY 2021; 150:125986. [PMID: 34929537 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2021.125986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The article analyzes the results on the presence and organization of the muscle elements in the visceral organs of parasitic flatworms, trematodes, as well as their innervations. The different regions of the digestive, reproductive and excretory systems of trematodes contain circular, longitudinal and diagonal muscle fibers. The results of immunocytochemical investigations and confocal scanning laser microscopy show the presence of serotonin and FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system elements in various parts of the digestive, reproductive and excretory systems of trematodes. The data suggest that serotonergic and FMRFamide-immunopositive components of parasite's nervous system are involved in the regulation of the muscle activity of the digestive, reproductive and excretory systems. Comparative analysis of the results presented for trematodes from different taxonomic groups indicates that the organization of muscle elements in the visceral organs in trematodes and their innervation by serotonergic and peptidergic components are highly conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Terenina
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - Natalia Kreshchenko
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Sergey Movsesyan
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia
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Serotonin Signalling in Flatworms: An Immunocytochemical Localisation of 5-HT 7 Type of Serotonin Receptors in Opisthorchis felineus and Hymenolepis diminuta. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081212. [PMID: 34439878 PMCID: PMC8394519 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study is dedicated to the investigation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and 5-HT7 type serotonin receptor of localisation in larvae of two parasitic flatworms Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) Blanchard, 1895 and Hymenolepis diminuta Rudolphi, 1819, performed using the immunocytochemical method and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Using whole mount preparations and specific antibodies, a microscopic analysis of the spatial distribution of 5-HT7-immunoreactivity(-IR) was revealed in worm tissue. In metacercariae of O. felineus 5-HT7-IR was observed in the main nerve cords and in the head commissure connecting the head ganglia. The presence of 5-HT7-IR was also found in several structures located on the oral sucker. 5-HT7-IR was evident in the round glandular cells scattered throughout the larva body. In cysticercoids of H. diminuta immunostaining to 5-HT7 was found in flame cells of the excretory system. Weak staining to 5-HT7 was observed along the longitudinal and transverse muscle fibres comprising the body wall and musculature of suckers, in thin longitudinal nerve cords and a connective commissure of the central nervous system. Available publications on serotonin action in flatworms and serotonin receptors identification were reviewed. Own results and the published data indicate that the muscular structures of flatworms are deeply supplied by 5-HT7-IR elements. It suggests that the 5-HT7 type receptor can mediate the serotonin action in the investigated species and is an important component of the flatworm motor control system. The study of the neurochemical basis of parasitic flatworms can play an important role in the solution of fundamental problems in early development of the nervous system and the evolution of neuronal signalling components.
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Nefedova D, Terenina N, Mochalova N, Poddubnaya L, Movsesyan S, Gordeev I, Kuchin A, Kreshchenko N. The neuromuscular system in flatworms: serotonin and FMRFamide immunoreactivities and musculature in Prodistomum alaskense (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae), an endemic fish parasite of the northwestern Pacific. CAN J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2020-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using the immunocytochemical method and confocal scanning laser microscopy, we obtained pioneering data on the muscle system organization and presence and localization of biogenic amine serotonin and FMRFamide-related peptides in the nervous system of the trematode Prodistomum alaskense (Ward and Fillingham, 1934) Bray and Merrett 1998 (family Lepocreadiidae). This flatworm is an intestinal parasite of endemic representatives of the marine fauna of the northwestern Pacific Ocean — the prowfish (Zaprora silenus Jordan, 1896) and the lumpfish (Aptocyclus ventricosus (Pallas, 1769)). We provide data of scanning electron microscopy on the tegumental topography of P. alaskense. The body wall musculature of P. alaskense has three layers of muscle fibres — the outer circular, intermediate longitudinal, and inner diagonal. The muscle system elements are well developed in the attachment organs, digestive and reproductive systems, and in the excretory sphincter. Serotonin– and FMRFamide–immunopositive neurons and neurites are found in the head ganglia, circular commissure, longitudinal nerve cords, and in the transversal connective commissures. The innervation of the oral and ventral suckers, pharynx, and the reproductive system compartments by the serotonergic and FMRFamide–immunopositive neurites is revealed. The results discus connection with the published data on the presence and functional roles of the serotonin and FMRFamide-related peptides in Platyhelminthes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.A. Nefedova
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 33, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - N.B. Terenina
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 33, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - N.V. Mochalova
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 33, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - L.G. Poddubnaya
- I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok 119, Yaroslavl Province, Russia, 152742
| | - S.O. Movsesyan
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 33, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - I.I. Gordeev
- Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Verkhn. Krasnoselskaya Str. 17, Moscow, Russia, 107140
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - A.V. Kuchin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia, 142290
| | - N.D. Kreshchenko
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia, 142290
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Rubenina I, Gavarane I, Kirilova E, Mezaraupe L, Kirjusina M. Comparison of the Benzanthrone Luminophores: They Are Not Equal for Rapid Examination of Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha (Trematoda: Digenea). Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040598. [PMID: 33919651 PMCID: PMC8073186 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminescent derivatives of benzanthrone are becoming more useful based on their light-absorbing and fluorescent-emitting properties. Our previous studies showed that luminescent staining properties of the same benzanthrone dye differ for variable parasite samples. Therefore, two types of benzanthrone dyes were prepared. One has a strongly basic amidine group and a halogen atom, and the other has an amide moiety and a tertiary amine group. Trematoda Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha is a liver fluke of a moose (Alces alces) and has a significant influence on the health and abundance of the moose population. Staining protocols for parasite P. fasciolaemorpha specific organ or organ systems imaging are mostly time-consuming and labor-intensive. The study aimed to compare the fixation technique and the staining protocol by synthesized benzanthrone luminescent dyes to determine detailed morphology, anatomical arrangement of the organ systems and gross organization of the muscle layers of P. fasciolaemorpha using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Luminophores were tested for samples fixed in different fixatives. Developed dyes and staining protocol resulting in imaging of all parts of trematode without additional sample preparation procedures, which usually are required for parasite examination. Obtained results confirmed that the most qualitative results could be reached using 3-N-(2-piperidinylacetamido)benzanthrone dye which has amide moiety and a tertiary amine group. Based on obtained results, 3-N-(2-piperidinylacetamido)benzanthrone gave more qualitative parasite visualization than 2-bromo-3-N-(N′,N′-dimethylformamidino)benzanthrone.
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Kreshchenko N, Terenina N, Nefedova D, Mochalova N, Voropaeva E, Movsesyan S. The neuroactive substances and associated muscle system in Rhipidocotyle campanula (Digenea, Bucephalidae) from the intestine of the pike Esox lucius. J Morphol 2020; 281:1047-1058. [PMID: 32574422 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report about the muscular system and the serotonergic and FMRFamidergic components of the nervous system of the Bucephalidae trematode, Rhipidocotyle campanula, an intestinal parasite of the pike. We use immunocytochemical methods and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM). The musculature is identified by histochemical staining with fluorescently labeled phalloidin. The body wall musculature of R. campanula contains three layers of muscle fibres - the outer thin circular, intermediate longitudinal and inner diagonal muscle fibres running in two opposite directions. The digestive system of R. campanula possess of a well-developed musculature: radial, longitudinal and circular muscle elements are detected in the pharynx, circular and longitudinal muscle filaments seen in the oesophagus, and longitudinal and the circular muscle fibres were found in the intestinal wall. Specific staining indicating the presence of actin muscle filaments occurs in the cirrus sac localized in the posterior body region. The frontal region of anterior attachment organ, the rhynchus, in R. campanula is represented by radial muscle fibres. The posterior part of the rhynchus comprise of radial muscles forming the organ's wall, and several strong longitudinal muscle bundles. Serotonergic and FMRFamidergic structures are detected in the central and peripheral compartments of the nervous system of R. campanula, that is, in the paired brain ganglia, the brain commissure, the longitudinal nerve cords, and connective nerve commissures. The innervations of the rhynchus, pharynx, oesophagus and distal regions of the reproductive system by the serotonergic and FMRFamidergic nervous elements are revealed. We compare our findings obtained on R. campanula with related data for other trematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kreshchenko
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Terenina
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Darya Nefedova
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Mochalova
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Voropaeva
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Tobolsk complex scientific station, Ural Department of Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Department of RAS), Tobolsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Movsesyan
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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