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Haimon MLJ, Estrada-Cortés E, Amaral TF, Martin H, Jeensuk S, Block J, Heredia D, Venturini M, Rojas CS, Gonella-Diaza AM, DiLorenzo N, Scheffler TL, Dufour P, Sirard MA, de Melo GD, Pohler KG, Hansen PJ. Provision of choline chloride to the bovine preimplantation embryo alters postnatal body size and DNA methylation†. Biol Reprod 2024; 111:567-579. [PMID: 38857381 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Choline is a vital micronutrient. In this study, we aimed to confirm, and expand on previous findings, how choline impacts embryos from the first 7 days of development to affect postnatal phenotype. Bos indicus embryos were cultured in a choline-free medium (termed vehicle) or medium supplemented with 1.8 mM choline. Blastocyst-stage embryos were transferred into crossbred recipients. Once born, calves were evaluated at birth, 94 days, 178 days, and at weaning (average age = 239 days). Following weaning, all calves were enrolled into a feed efficiency trial before being separated by sex, with males being slaughtered at ~580 days of age. Results confirm that exposure of 1.8 mM choline chloride during the first 7 days of development alters postnatal characteristics of the resultant calves. Calves of both sexes from choline-treated embryos were consistently heavier through weaning and males had heavier testes at 3 months of age. There were sex-dependent alterations in DNA methylation in whole blood caused by choline treatment. After weaning, feed efficiency was affected by an interaction with sex, with choline calves being more efficient for females and less efficient for males. Calves from choline-treated embryos were heavier, or tended to be heavier, than calves from vehicle embryos at all observations after weaning. Carcass weight was heavier for choline calves and the cross-sectional area of the longissimus thoracis muscle was increased by choline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliab Estrada-Cortés
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Campo Experimental Centro Altos de Jalisco, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México
| | - Thiago F Amaral
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hélène Martin
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Pavillon INAF, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Surawich Jeensuk
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Livestock Development, Bureau of Biotechnology in Livestock Production, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jeremy Block
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Daniella Heredia
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Marianna, FL, USA
| | - M Venturini
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Marianna, FL, USA
| | - Camila Santos Rojas
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Marianna, FL, USA
| | - Angela M Gonella-Diaza
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Marianna, FL, USA
| | - Nicolas DiLorenzo
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Marianna, FL, USA
| | - Tracy L Scheffler
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pascal Dufour
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Pavillon INAF, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marc-André Sirard
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Pavillon INAF, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Ferreira IM, Homem BGC, Oliveira KA, Cidrini IA, Abreu MJI, Batista LHC, Rodrigues AN, Queiroz ACM, Bisio GHM, Prados LF, Moretti MH, Siqueira GR, Resende FD. Replacement Nellore heifers receiving supplementation under different herbage allowance: effects on forage characteristics, performance, physiology, and reproduction. Animal 2024; 18:101260. [PMID: 39116470 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, heifers typically calve at 36-48 months. Due to the high demand for meat and the need to reduce slaughter age, high supplementation has become commonly used in beef cattle farming. However, the literature remains scarce on studies that explore the impact of grazing management during the background phase on the productivity and reproductive efficiency of young Nellore heifers. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two-herbage allowances (HA) on forage characteristics, performance, physiology and reproductive parameters of replacement Nellore heifers. Ninety weaned heifers [169 ± 19 kg of shrunk body weight (SBW); 210 ± 28 days of age] were blocked by initial BW and randomly assigned to receive different HA: (1) High herbage allowance (HHA: 7.2 kg DM/kg BW) and (2) Low herbage allowance (LHA: 3.3 kg DM/kg BW); and divided into six paddocks, totaling 12 paddocks. The experimental period was divided into the growing phase (D173) and the reproductive season (D83). Continuous stocking with a variable stocking rate was used. The supplement was provided daily with expected intake of around 10 g/kg of BW. The HHA pasture showed greater values of canopy height, greater HA, and lower values of CP and CP: in vitro digestible DM ratio than the LHA pasture over the days of the study (P ≤ 0.05). Herbage mass and the green stem proportion were lower in LHA pasture (P < 0.01), while the green leaf (g/kg DM) and senescent stem proportions (g/kg DM) were higher (P = 0.080) when compared to HHA pasture. Heifers maintained on HHA pasture had a higher average daily gain (P < 0.01), forage intake (P < 0.003), higher SBW (P < 0.01), Longissimus area (P < 0.01), and 12th-rib fat thickness (P < 0.01) than those kept in the LHA pasture. The proportion of heifers that reached the weight at maturity on D173 (P = 0.027) and the proportion of pubertal pregnancy heifers (P = 0.042) were greatest in the HHA treatment. The blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.002) was higher in heifers maintained in the LHA pasture. Heifers maintained in HHA pasture showed higher values of relative abundance of mRNA for UGT1A6 (P = 0.004) and IGFBP3 (P = 0.072). The use of HHA criteria increased forage intake, body gain, and carcass attributes of animals, which led to better reproductive performance of Nellore heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - B G C Homem
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - K A Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I A Cidrini
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M J I Abreu
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L H C Batista
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A N Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C M Queiroz
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G H M Bisio
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L F Prados
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M H Moretti
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G R Siqueira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F D Resende
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Cuellar CJ, Amaral TF, Rodriguez‐Villamil P, Ongaratto F, Martinez DO, Labrecque R, Losano JDDA, Estrada‐Cortés E, Bostrom JR, Martins K, Rae DO, Block J, Hoorn QA, Daigneault BW, Merriam J, Lohuis M, Dikmen S, Bittar JHJ, Maia TS, Carlson DF, Larson S, Sonstegard TS, Hansen PJ. Consequences of gene editing of PRLR on thermotolerance, growth, and male reproduction in cattle. FASEB Bioadv 2024; 6:223-234. [PMID: 39114445 PMCID: PMC11301273 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2024-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Global warming is a major challenge to the sustainable and humane production of food because of the increased risk of livestock to heat stress. Here, the example of the prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene is used to demonstrate how gene editing can increase the resistance of cattle to heat stress by the introduction of mutations conferring thermotolerance. Several cattle populations in South and Central America possess natural mutations in PRLR that result in affected animals having short hair and being thermotolerant. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to introduce variants of PRLR in two thermosensitive breeds of cattle - Angus and Jersey. Gene-edited animals exhibited superior ability to regulate vaginal temperature (heifers) and rectal temperature (bulls) compared to animals that were not gene-edited. Moreover, gene-edited animals exhibited superior growth characteristics and had larger scrotal circumference. There was no evidence for deleterious effects of the mutation on carcass characteristics or male reproductive function. These results indicate the potential for reducing heat stress in relevant environments to enhance cattle productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila J. Cuellar
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Thiago F. Amaral
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Present address:
Genus PLC/ABSSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - F. Ongaratto
- AcceligenEaganMinnesotaUSA
- Present address:
University of Wisconsin Biotechnology CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - D. Onan Martinez
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | | | - Eliab Estrada‐Cortés
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Campo Experimental Centro Altos de JaliscoInstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícola y PecuariasTepatitlán de MorelosMexico
| | | | | | - D. Owen Rae
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Jeremy Block
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Quinn A. Hoorn
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Serdal Dikmen
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal ScienceBursa Uludag UniversityBursaTurkey
| | - João H. J. Bittar
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Tatiane S. Maia
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Peter J. Hansen
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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Hernandez GP, Ferreira MFL, Santos ACR, Bohnert D, Ranches J. Effects of Trace Mineral Injections on Measures of Growth and Trace Mineral Status of Primiparous Cows and their Calves. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae068. [PMID: 38774510 PMCID: PMC11107845 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of injectable trace minerals (ITM) administrations at strategic moments in the beef cattle production cycle. At calving, 50 primiparous cows (Angus × Hereford) and their calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) ITM: cattle assigned to the ITM treatment received an ITM injection at calving and a subsequent administration at breeding (cattle over 2 yr: 1.0 mL/90 kg body weight [BW]; calves: 1.0 mL/45 kg BW); or 2) Control: cattle assigned to the control treatment were administered with saline following the same procedure as the cattle assigned to the ITM treatment. Body weight, blood, and liver samples were collected from dams and calves at multiple time points to evaluate the growth and mineral status of cow-calf pairs. All variables were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. A treatment effect (P = 0.02) was observed for Cu liver concentration of primiparous cows at breeding. Cows assigned to ITM treatment had greater Cu status than cohorts assigned to Control treatment. No treatment effects were observed for the mineral status or growth of calves. The administration of ITM to primiparous cows enhanced Cu status when grazing Cu forages scarce of Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracia P Hernandez
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
| | | | - Aline C R Santos
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
| | - David Bohnert
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
| | - Juliana Ranches
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
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5
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Ferreira IM, Oliveira KA, Cidrini IA, de Abreu MJI, Sousa LM, Batista LHC, Homem BGC, Prados LF, Siqueira GR, Resende FDD. Performance, Intake, Feed Efficiency, and Carcass Characteristics of Young Nellore Heifers under Different Days on Feed in the Feedlot. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2238. [PMID: 37444036 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two studies evaluated the productive characteristics of young Nellore heifers receiving different days on feed (DOF) to determine the biological slaughter endpoint. In Experiment 1 (Exp. 1), fifty-one Nellore heifers [324 ± 19.3 kg of body weight (BW); 16 ± 1 months] were split into three DOF lengths (45, 75, or 105 days), while in Experiment 2 (Exp. 2), thirty-six Nellore heifers (362 ± 25.5 kg of BW; 18 ± 1 months of age) were split into three DOF lengths (45, 90, or 135 days). In both studies, all animals were distributed in complete randomized blocks according to initial BW and stratified via carcass ultrasound. The diet was supplied ad libitum, allowing 3% of refusals. The point at which the animals achieved 25% of ether extract of shrunk body weight (EESBW) was defined as the biological endpoint. Thus, relationships were made between some characteristics obtained in both studies. Positive linear relationships were found between backfat thickness (BFT) vs. EESBW (p < 0.001, r = 0.84) and BFT vs. body weight (p < 0.001, r = 0.77). Our results suggest that the biological slaughter endpoint for young Nellore heifers is 6.97 mm of backfat thickness or 402 kg shrunk body weight, corresponding to around 75 DOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Machado Ferreira
- Departament of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karla Alves Oliveira
- Departament of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iorrano Andrade Cidrini
- Departament of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mateus José Inácio de Abreu
- Departament of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Melo Sousa
- Departament of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Henrique Cursino Batista
- Departament of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Laura Franco Prados
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina 14770-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rezende Siqueira
- Departament of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, São Paulo, Brazil
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina 14770-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Dutra de Resende
- Departament of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, São Paulo, Brazil
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina 14770-000, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Oliveira HM, Vendramini JM, Garzon J, Silva HM, Ferreira IM, Palmer E, Moriel P. Effects of frequency of concentrate supplementation on performance of early-weaned beef calves consuming annual ryegrass. APPLIED ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.15232/aas.2022-02367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Fuerniss LK, Wesley KR, Bowman SM, Hall JR, Young JD, Beckett JL, Woerner DR, Rathmann RJ, Johnson BJ. Beef embryos in dairy cows: feedlot performance, mechanistic responses, and carcass characteristics of straightbred Holstein calves and Angus-sired calves from Holstein, Jersey, or crossbred beef dams. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad239. [PMID: 37428683 PMCID: PMC10362931 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved reproductive management has allowed dairy cow pregnancies to be optimized for beef production. The objective of this sire-controlled study was to test the feedlot performance of straightbred beef calves raised on a calf ranch and to compare finishing growth performance, carcass characteristics, and mechanistic responses relative to beef × dairy crossbreds and straightbred beef cattle raised in a traditional beef cow/calf system. Tested treatment groups included straightbred beef steers and heifers reared on range (A × B; n = 14), straightbred beef steers and heifers born following embryo transfer to Holstein dams (H ET; n = 15) and Jersey dams (J ET; n = 16) The finishing trial began when cattle weighed 301 ± 32.0 kg and concluded after 195 ± 1.4 d. Individual intake was recorded from day 28 until shipment for slaughter. All cattle were weighed every 28 d; serum was collected from a subset of steers every 56 d. Cattle of straightbred beef genetics (A × B, H ET, and J ET) and A × H were similar in final shrunk body weight, dry matter intake, and carcass weight (P > 0.05 for each variable). Compared with A × J cattle, J ET was 42 d younger at slaughter with 42 kg more carcass weight (P < 0.05 for both variables). No difference was observed in longissimus muscle area between all treatments (P = 0.40). Fat thickness was greatest for straightbred beef cattle, least for A × J cattle, and intermediate for A × H cattle (P < 0.05). When adjusted for percentage of adjusted final body weight, feed efficiency was greater for straightbred beef cattle compared with beef × dairy crossbred cattle (P = 0.04). A treatment × day interaction was observed for circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I; P < 0.01); 112 d after being implanted, beef × dairy crossbred cattle had greater circulating IGF-I concentration than cattle of straightbred beef genetics (P < 0.05). Straightbred beef calves born to Jersey cows had more efficient feedlot and carcass performance than A × J crossbreds. Calves of straightbred beef genetics raised traditionally or in a calf ranch performed similarly in the feedlot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke K Fuerniss
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Kaitlyn R Wesley
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Sydney M Bowman
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Jerica R Hall
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - J Daniel Young
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | | | - Dale R Woerner
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Ryan J Rathmann
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Bradley J Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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8
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Izquierdo VS, Silva JVL, Ranches J, Santos GCM, Carroll JA, Burdick Sanchez NC, Bittar JHJ, Vendramini JMB, Moriel P. Removing maternal heat stress abatement during gestation modulated postnatal physiology and improved performance of Bos indicus-influenced beef offspring. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad250. [PMID: 37542727 PMCID: PMC10414138 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the growth and immune response of beef calves born from Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers provided pre- and postpartum heat abatement on pasture. On 83 ± 4 d prepartum (day 0), 64 Brangus crossbred beef heifers (~¼ B. indicus) were stratified by body weight (BW; 454 ± 37 kg) and body condition score (BCS; 6.3 ± 0.28; scale 1 to 9), and then allocated into 1 of 16 bahiagrass pastures (1 ha and 4 heifers per pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (8 pastures per treatment) and consisted of heifers provided (SH) or not (NSH) access to artificial shade (4.5 m2 of shade area per heifer) from 83 d prepartum to 50 d postpartum (days 0 to 133). Heifers and calves were managed similarly from day 133 until the start of the breeding season (day 203). Calves were weaned on day 203 (at 119 ± 19 d of age), limit-fed the same drylot diet at 3.5% of BW (DM basis) days 209 to 268 (3 to 4 calves per pen; 8 pens per treatment) and vaccinated against respiratory disease pathogens on days 222 and 236. Heifer intravaginal temperatures from days 35 to 42 were lower (P ≤ 0.03) for NSH vs. SH heifers from 0000 to 0800 hours but greater (P ≤ 0.05) for NSH vs. SH heifers from 1100 to 1800 hours. Heifer intravaginal temperature from days 126 to 132 did not differ (P = 0.99) between NSH and SH heifers. Heifers assigned to NSH had greater respiration rates from days 20 to 96 (P ≤ 0.0007), greater plasma concentration of cortisol on days 35 (P = 0.07) and 55 (P = 0.02), less plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on days 35 (P = 0.10), 55, and 133 (P ≤ 0.05), and less BCS from days 55 to 203 (P ≤ 0.01) compared to SH heifers. Calves born from NSH heifers had less birth BW (P = 0.05), greater overall plasma haptoglobin concentrations (P = 0.05), greater seroconversion against bovine respiratory syncytial virus on day 222 (P = 0.02), tended to have greater ADG from days 209 to 268 (P = 0.07), and had greater BW on day 268 (P = 0.05) compared to SH offspring. Plasma concentrations of cortisol and serum titers against other respiratory disease pathogens did not differ (P ≥ 0.15) between NSH and SH offspring. Hence, removing maternal access to artificial shade: (1) increased prepartum intravaginal temperature and plasma concentrations of cortisol but reduced prepartum BCS and plasma concentrations of IGF-1 in grazing B. indicus-influenced beef heifers; and (2) increased post-weaning BW gain and had positive effects on humoral immune response of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius S Izquierdo
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - João V L Silva
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Juliana Ranches
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
| | - Giovanna C M Santos
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | | | | | - João H J Bittar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - João M B Vendramini
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Philipe Moriel
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
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9
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S. Izquierdo V, L. Silva JV, Palmer E, Ranches J, Bittar JHJ, Santos GCM, Pickett A, Cooke RF, Vendramini JMB, Moriel P. Bakery waste supplementation to late gestating Bos indicus-influenced beef cows successfully impacted offspring postnatal performance. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad244. [PMID: 37465852 PMCID: PMC10400122 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the growth and immune function of beef calves born to cows supplemented with bakery waste containing two concentrations of crude fat. On day 0 (~90 d before calving), 108 multiparous Brangus crossbred cows were stratified by body weight (BW; 551 ± 65 kg) and body condition score (BCS, 5.5 ± 0.9) and randomly allocated into 1 of 18 bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures (6 cows and 4.3 ha per pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (6 pastures per treatment) and consisted of no prepartum supplementation (NOSUP) and isocaloric and isonitrogenous supplementation of low-fat (LFAT; 6.4% crude fat) or high-fat (HFAT; 10.7% crude fat) bakery waste from days 0 to 70 (1 kg DM per cow per day). Calves were weaned on day 292 (201 ± 17 d of age). Then, 15 heifers per treatment were randomly selected and assigned to drylot pens from days 300 to 345 and vaccinated against respiratory pathogens on days 300 and 315. Cow BCS near calving (day 70) was the least (P ≤ 0.05) for NOSUP cows and did not differ (P = 0.12) between LFAT and HFAT cows. Cow BCS at the start of the breeding season (day 140) was greater (P = 0.05) for HFAT vs. NOSUP cows and intermediate (P ≥ 0.35) for LFAT cows. Plasma concentrations of total polyunsaturated fatty acids in HFAT cows did not differ (P ≥ 0.76) compared with LFAT cows but were greater (P ≤ 0.05) compared to NOSUP cows on day 70. Final pregnancy percentage did not differ (P ≥ 0.26) among treatments, but a greater percentage of HFAT cows calved (P ≤ 0.05) their second offspring during the first 21 d of the calving season compared to NOSUP and LFAT cows (bred by natural service). Weaning BW was the greatest (P ≤ 0.05) for LFAT and least for NOSUP calves. Maternal treatments did not impact (P ≥ 0.11) postweaning growth and total DM intake of calves. Average plasma cortisol concentrations were greater (P = 0.03) for NOSUP vs. HFAT calves and intermediate for LFAT calves (P ≥ 0.26). Serum titers against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine respiratory syncytial virus were greater or tended to be greater (P ≤ 0.08) for HFAT vs. LFAT calves and intermediate (P ≥ 0.27) for NOSUP calves at the end of preconditioning. Thus, supplemental fat concentration fed to late-gestating beef cows had variable effects on calf performance. Low-fat bakery waste led to the greatest calf preweaning growth, whereas high-fat bakery waste enhanced maternal reproduction and had minor benefits to calf humoral immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius S. Izquierdo
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - João V L. Silva
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Elizabeth Palmer
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Juliana Ranches
- Oregon State University, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, OR 97720, USA
| | - João H J Bittar
- University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Giovanna C M Santos
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Autumn Pickett
- Texas A&M University, Department of Animal Science, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Texas A&M University, Department of Animal Science, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - João M B Vendramini
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Philipe Moriel
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
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10
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Izquierdo V, Vedovatto M, Palmer EA, Oliveira RA, Silva HM, Vendramini JMB, Moriel P. Frequency of maternal supplementation of energy and protein during late gestation modulates preweaning growth of their beef offspring. Transl Anim Sci 2022; 6:txac110. [PMID: 36090697 PMCID: PMC9449678 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of decreasing the frequency of dried distillers grains (DDG) supplementation during third trimester of gestation on cow physiology and offspring preweaning growth. At 201 ± 7 d prepartum (day 0 of the study), 120 Brangus crossbred cows were stratified by body weight (BW = 543 ± 53 kg) and body condition score (BCS = 5.47 ± 0.73), and then assigned randomly to 1 of 20 bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures (six cows and 4.7 ha/pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (five pastures/treatment) and consisted of cows offered no DDG supplementation (NOSUP) or precalving supplementation of DDG dry matter at 1 kg/cow daily (7×), 2.33 kg/cow every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday (3×), or 7 kg/cow every Monday (1×) from day 0 to 77. All cows assigned to DDG supplementation received the same total amount of DDG dry matter (77 kg/cow) from day 0 to 77. All cow-calf pairs were managed similarly from day 77 until calf weaning (day 342). Supplementation frequency did not impact (P ≥ 0.16) any forage or cow reproduction data. Cow BCS on days 77, 140, and 342 did not differ among 1×, 3×, and 7× cows (P ≥ 0.29) but all supplemented cows, regardless of supplementation frequency, had greater BCS on days 77, 140, and 342 compared to NOSUP cows (P ≤ 0.04). Cows offered 1× supplementation had greater plasma concentrations of IGF-1 on days 35 and 140 compared to NOSUP, 3× and 7× cows (P ≤ 0.04), whereas 3× and 7× cows had greater plasma concentrations of IGF-1 on day 35 compared to NOSUP cows (P ≤ 0.005). Average plasma concentrations of glucose did not differ among 1×, 3×, and 7× cows (P ≥ 0.44), but all supplemented cows had greater plasma concentrations of glucose compared to NOSUP cows (P ≤ 0.05). Birth BW of the first offspring did not differ between 3× and 7× calves (P = 0.54) but both groups were heavier at birth compared to NOSUP calves (P ≤ 0.05). On day 342, calves born from 7× cows were the heaviest (P ≤ 0.05), whereas calves born from 1× and 3× cows had similar BW (P = 0.97) but both groups were heavier compared to calves born from NOSUP cows (P ≤ 0.05). In summary, decreasing the frequency of DDG supplementation, from daily to one or three times weekly, during third trimester of gestation of beef cows did not impact cow BCS but altered maternal plasma concentrations of IGF-1 and glucose, leading to reduced offspring preweaning growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Izquierdo
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Ona, FL 33865 , USA
| | - Marcelo Vedovatto
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Ona, FL 33865 , USA
| | - Elizabeth A Palmer
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Ona, FL 33865 , USA
| | - Rhaiza A Oliveira
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Ona, FL 33865 , USA
| | - Hiran M Silva
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Ona, FL 33865 , USA
| | - João M B Vendramini
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Ona, FL 33865 , USA
| | - Philipe Moriel
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Ona, FL 33865 , USA
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11
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Vedovatto M, Izquierdo V, Palmer E, Oliveira RA, Silva HM, Vendramini JMB, Moriel P. Monensin supplementation during late gestation of beef cows alters maternal plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 and enhances offspring preweaning growth. Transl Anim Sci 2022; 6:txac105. [PMID: 36046092 PMCID: PMC9423031 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of maternal prepartum supplementation of dried distillers grains (DDG), with or without monensin addition, on maternal performance and physiology and offspring preweaning growth. On day 0 (approximately 197 ± 4 d prepartum), 150 multiparous, Brangus crossbred beef cows were ranked by their initial body weight (BW; 524 ± 51 kg) and body condition score (BCS; 5.0 ± 0.63), and then randomly assigned into one of 15 bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures (10 cows and 8.1 ha/pasture). Maternal treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (5 pastures/treatment) and consisted of no prepartum supplementation of DDG (NOSUP) or supplementation of DDG at 1 kg/cow/d (dry matter basis; DM) added with 0 mg (SUP) or 200 mg/d of monensin (SUPMO) from days 0 to 77. Effects of maternal treatment and maternal treatment × day of the study were not detected (P ≥ 0.63) for any forage data. Cow BCS on day 35 and near calving (day 77) did not differ (P ≥ 0.19) between SUP and SUPMO cows but both groups had greater (P ≤ 0.001) BCS compared with NOSUP cows. Cow BCS at the start of the breeding season (day 142) and on day 168 were the greatest (P < 0.0001) for SUPMO cows, least for NOSUP cows, and intermediate (P ≤ 0.02) for SUP cows. Maternal plasma concentrations of glucose did not differ (P ≥ 0.25) among treatments. Plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on day 77 were the least for NOSUP cows (P ≤ 0.05) and did not differ (P = 0.66) between SUP and SUPMO cows, whereas plasma concentrations of IGF-2 on days 35 and 77 were greatest (P ≤ 0.05) for SUPMO cows and did not differ (P ≥ 0.60) between NOSUP and SUP cows. Birth BW of first offspring did not differ (P = 0.77) between SUP and SUPMO calves but NOSUP calves were lighter at birth (P ≤ 0.05) compared with SUP and SUPMO calves. Percentage of cows pregnant with a second offspring did not differ (P = 0.72) between SUP and SUPMO cows and were the least for NOSUP cows (P ≤ 0.05). First offspring BW at weaning (day 325) was greatest (P ≤ 0.05) for SUPMO calves, least for NOSUP calves, and intermediate for SUP calves. Therefore, adding monensin into prepartum DDG supplements for Bos indicus-influenced beef cows did not increase cow prepartum BCS but led to greatest offspring preweaning growth, likely by modulating maternal plasma concentrations of IGF-1 and IGF-2 during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Vedovatto
- IFAS—Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Vinicius Izquierdo
- IFAS—Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Elizabeth Palmer
- IFAS—Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Rhaiza A Oliveira
- IFAS—Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Hiran M Silva
- IFAS—Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - João M B Vendramini
- IFAS—Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Philipe Moriel
- IFAS—Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
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12
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Moriel P, Palmer EA, Oliveira RA, Vedovatto M, Izquierdo VS, Silva HM, Garzon J, Oliveira HMR, Dailey JW, Carroll JA, Burdick Sanchez NC, Martins T, Binelli M, Vendramini JMB. Stair step strategy and immunomodulatory feed ingredient supplementation for grazing heat-stressed Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6562665. [PMID: 35366307 PMCID: PMC9047175 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
On day 0 of year 1 and 2, sixty-four Brangus crossbred heifers per year were stratified by initial body weight (BW) and age (mean = 257 ± 20 kg and 271 ± 22 d) and allocated into 16 bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures (4 heifers/pasture/yr). Treatments were randomly allotted to pastures in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (4 pastures/treatment/yr). Treatments consisted of concentrate dry matter (DM) supplementation at 1.50% of BW from day 0 to 100 (CON) or concentrate DM supplementation at 1.05% of BW from day 0 to 49 and 1.95% of BW from day 50 to 100 (SST). Then, each respective supplementation strategy was added or not with immunomodulatory feed ingredient from day 0 to 100 (OMN; 4 g/45 kg of BW). Heifers were assigned to an estrus synchronization protocol from day 100 to 114. Heifers detected in estrus from day 111 to 114 were inseminated (AI) 12 h after estrus detection. Heifers not detected in estrus were timed AI on day 114. All heifers were exposed to Angus bulls from day 120 to 210 (1 bull/pasture). Effects of supplementation strategy × OMN inclusion × hour were detected (P < 0.0001) only for intravaginal temperature from day 26 to 30, which were the least (P ≤ 0.03) for SST heifers offered OMN supplementation and did not differ (P ≥ 0.17) among all remaining treatments from 0830 to 1600 h. Effects of supplementation strategy × OMN inclusion and OMN inclusion were not detected (P ≥ 0.12) for any variable, except for percentage of heifers detected in estrus, which was greater (P = 0.01) for heifers supplemented with vs. without OMN. Total concentrate DM offered from day 0 to 100 and heifer BW on days 0 and 56 did not differ (P ≥ 0.49) between CON and SST heifers, but SST heifers were heavier (P ≤ 0.01) on days 100 and 210 compared to CON heifers. Body surface temperature on day 25 and plasma IGF-1 concentrations on day 75 were greater (P ≤ 0.04) for SST vs. CON heifers. Percentage of pubertal heifers, heifers detected in estrus, and pregnancy to AI did not differ (P = 0.36) between SST and CON heifers but final pregnancy percentage was greater (P = 0.04) for SST vs. CON heifers. Thus, OMN supplementation decreased intravaginal temperature of SST heifers but failed to improve their growth and reproduction, whereas the SST strategy improved body thermoregulation, growth, and final pregnancy percentage of heat stressed Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers compared to a constant concentrate supplementation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipe Moriel
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Palmer
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Rhaiza A Oliveira
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Marcelo Vedovatto
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Vinicius S Izquierdo
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Hiran M Silva
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Jaime Garzon
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - H M R Oliveira
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Jeffery W Dailey
- Livestock Issues Research Unit, ARS-USDA, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA
| | | | | | - Thiago Martins
- University of Florida, Department of Animal Science, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - Mario Binelli
- University of Florida, Department of Animal Science, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - Joao M B Vendramini
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
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13
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Palmer EA, Vedovatto M, Oliveira RA, Ranches J, Vendramini JMB, Poore MH, Martins T, Binelli M, Arthington JD, Moriel P. Effects of maternal winter vs. year-round supplementation of protein and energy on postnatal growth, immune function, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus-influenced beef offspring. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6539999. [PMID: 35230426 PMCID: PMC8886918 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This 2-yr study evaluated the effects of winter vs. year-round supplementation of Bos indicus-influenced beef cows on cow reproductive performance and impact on their offspring. On day 0 of each year (approximately day 122 ± 23 of gestation), 82 to 84 mature Brangus cows/yr were stratified by body weight (BW; 475 ± 67 kg) and body condition score (BCS; 4.85 ± 0.73) and randomly assigned to 1 of 6 bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures (13 to 14 cows/pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures consisting of winter supplementation with molasses + urea (WMOL), or year-round supplementation with molasses + urea (YMOL) or wheat middling-based range cubes (YCUB). Total yearly supplement DM amount was 272 kg/cow and supplements were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous (75% TDN and 20% CP). On day 421 (weaning; approximately 260 ± 24 d of age), 33 to 35 steers/yr were vaccinated against parainfluenza-3 (PI3) and bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) and transported 1,193 km to a feedlot. Steers were penned according to maternal pasture and managed similarly until slaughter. Data were analyzed using the MIXED and GLIMMIX procedures of SAS. On day 217 (start of breeding season), BCS was greater (P = 0.01) for YMOL than WMOL cows, whereas BCS of YCUB did not differ (P ≥ 0.11) to both WMOL and YMOL cows. The percentage of cows that calved, calving date, birth BW, and preweaning BW of the first offspring did not differ (P ≥ 0.22) among maternal treatments. Plasma cortisol concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.001) for YCUB steers at feedlot arrival (day 422) than WMOL and YMOL steers. Moreover, YCUB steers had greater (P = 0.02) and tended (P = 0.08) to have greater plasma concentrations of haptoglobin compared to WMOL and YMOL steers, respectively. Antibody titers against PI3 and BVDV-1 viruses did not differ (P ≥ 0.25) among maternal treatments. Steer BW at feedlot exit was greater (P ≤ 0.05) for YMOL and WMOL than YCUB steers. However, feedlot DMI did not differ (P ≥ 0.37) by maternal treatment. Hot carcass weight, yield grade, LMA, and marbling did not differ (P ≥ 0.14) among maternal treatments. Percentage of steers that graded low choice was enhanced (P ≤ 0.05) for WMOL and YCUB than YMOL steers. Maternal year-round supplementation of range cubes or molasses + urea either did not impact or decrease growth, immune function, and carcass characteristics of the offspring when compared with maternal supplementation of molasses + urea during winter only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Palmer
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Marcelo Vedovatto
- Unidade Universitária de Aquidauana, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, MS, Brazil
| | - Rhaiza A Oliveira
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Juliana Ranches
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
| | - Joao M B Vendramini
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Matthew H Poore
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Thiago Martins
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - Mario Binelli
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - John D Arthington
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - Philipe Moriel
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA,Corresponding author:
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14
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Palmer EA, Vedovatto M, Oliveira RA, Ranches J, Vendramini JMB, Poore MH, Martins T, Binelli M, Arthington JD, Moriel P. Timing of maternal supplementation of dried distillers grains during late gestation influences postnatal growth, immunocompetence, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus-influenced beef calves. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6517363. [PMID: 35092433 PMCID: PMC8903140 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This 2-yr study investigated the timing of dried distillers grains (DDG) supplementation during the third trimester of gestation of Bos indicus-influenced beef cows and its impact on their offspring performance. On day 0 of each year (84 d before calving), Brangus cows (n = 84/yr; cow age = 8 ± 3 yr) were stratified by initial body weight (BW; 482 ± 75 kg) and body condition score (BCS; 5.3 ± 0.8) and assigned randomly to one of six bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures (experimental units; 14 cows/pasture). Treatments were assigned randomly to pasture (2 pastures/treatment/yr) and consisted of no prepartum supplementation (CON), 2 kg/d of DDG from day 0 to 42 (LATE42), or 1 kg/d of DDG from day 0 to 84 (LATE84). Following calving (day 84), cow-calf pairs remained in their respective pastures, and cows were offered sugarcane molasses + urea (1.82 kg of dry matter/cow/d) from day 85 until the end of the breeding season (day 224). On day 347, steer calves (n = 38/yr; 11 to 15 steers/treatment/yr) were weaned and transported to the feedlot (1,193 km). Steers were penned according to cow prepartum pasture and managed similarly until the time of harvest. BCS at calving was greater (P < 0.01) for LATE42 and LATE84 vs. CON cows but did not differ (P = 0.16) between LATE42 and LATE84 cows. Calving date, calving percentage, and birth BW of the first offspring did not differ (P ≥ 0.22) among treatments. However, LATE42 cows calved their second offspring 8 d earlier (P = 0.04) compared with CON and LATE84 cows. At weaning (first offspring), LATE84 calves were the heaviest (P ≤ 0.05), CON calves were the lightest, and LATE42 calves had intermediate BW (P ≤ 0.05). Steer plasma concentrations of cortisol and haptoglobin and serum bovine viral diarrhea virus type-1 titers did not differ (P ≥ 0.21) between treatments. Steer serum parainfluenza-3 titers were greater (P = 0.03) for LATE42 vs. CON steers, tended to be greater (P = 0.10) for LATE84 compared with CON steers, and did not differ (P = 0.38) between LATE42 and LATE84 steers. Steer feedlot BW, average daily gain, dry matter intake, and hot carcass weight did not differ (P ≥ 0.36) between treatments. Marbling and the percentage of steers grading choice were greater (P ≤ 0.04) for LATE42 vs. CON steers, whereas LATE84 steers were intermediate. In summary, different timing of DDG supplementation during the third trimester of gestation could be explored to optimize cow BCS and offspring preweaning growth and carcass quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Palmer
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Marcelo Vedovatto
- Unidade Universitária de Aquidauana, Universidade Estadual de Mato GrIGFosso do Sul, Aquidauana, MS, Brazil
| | - Rhaiza A Oliveira
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Juliana Ranches
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
| | - Joao M B Vendramini
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Matthew H Poore
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Thiago Martins
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - Mario Binelli
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - John D Arthington
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - Philipe Moriel
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA,Corresponding author:
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15
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Moura FH, Macias-Franco A, Pena-Bello CA, Archilia EC, Batalha IM, Silva AEM, Moreira GM, Norris AB, Schütz LF, Fonseca MA. Sperm DNA 5-methyl cytosine and RNA N6-methyladenosine methylation are differently affected during periods of body weight losses and body weight gain of young and mature breeding bulls. J Anim Sci 2021; 100:6460477. [PMID: 34902028 PMCID: PMC8849232 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming to characterize the effects of nutritional status on epigenetic markers, such as DNA 5-methyl cytosine (mC) methylation and RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, of bovine sperm, 12 Angus × Hereford crossbred breeding bulls were submitted to nutritional changes for a period of 180 d: no change in body weight (BW) (phase 1 = 12 d), BW loss (phase 2 = 78 d), and BW gain (phase 3 = 90 d) in a repeated measures design. Animals were fed Beardless wheat (Triticum aestivum) hay and mineral mix. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst., Cary, NC). Higher levels of RNA m6A (P = 0.004) and DNA methylation (P = 0.007) of spermatic cells were observed at phase 2 compared with phase 1. In phase 3, sperm RNA m6A methylation levels continued to be higher (P = 0.004), whereas the DNA of sperm cells was similar (P = 0.426) compared with phase 1. Growing bulls had a tendency (P = 0.109) of higher RNA m6A methylation levels than mature bulls. Phase 2 altered scrotal circumference (P < 0.001), sperm volume (P = 0.007), sperm total motility (P = 0.004), sperm progressive motility (P = 0.004), total sperm count (P = 0.049), normal sperm (P < 0.001), abnormal sperm (P < 0.001), primary sperm defects (P = 0.039), and secondary sperm defects (P < 0.001). In phase 3, bulls had scrotal circumference, sperm volume, sperm motility, sperm progressive motility, total sperm count, normal and abnormal spermatozoa, and primary and secondary spermatozoa defects similar to phase 1 (P > 0.05). Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 and leptin decreased during phase 2 (P = 0.010), while no differences (P > 0.05) were detected between phases 3 and 1; growing bulls tended (P = 0.102) to present higher leptin levels than mature bulls. Specific for mature bulls, DNA methylation was positively correlated with leptin concentration (0.569, P = 0.021), whereas for young bulls, DNA methylation was positively correlated with abnormal spermatozoa (0.824, P = 0.006), primary spermatozoa defect (0.711, P = 0.032), and secondary spermatozoa defect (0.661, P = 0.052) and negatively correlated with normal spermatozoa (-0.824, P = 0.006), total sperm count (-0.702, P = 0.035), and sperm concentration (-0.846, P = 0.004). There was no significant correlation (P > 0.05) between RNA m6A and hormones and semen traits. In conclusion, the nutritional status of breeding bulls alters epigenetic markers, such as DNA methylation and RNA m6A methylation, in sperm, and the impact of change seems to be age dependent. These markers may serve as biomarkers of sperm quality and fertility of bulls in the future. Detrimental effects on sperm production and seminal quality are observed at periods and places when and where environmental and nutritional limitations are a year-round reality and may carry hidden players that may influence a lifetime of underperformance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe H Moura
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Arturo Macias-Franco
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Camilo A Pena-Bello
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Evandro C Archilia
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Isadora M Batalha
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Aghata E M Silva
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Gabriel M Moreira
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Aaron B Norris
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA,Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Luis F Schütz
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Mozart A Fonseca
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA,Corresponding author:
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16
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Hadfield JA, Waldron BL, Isom SC, Feuz R, Larsen R, Creech JE, Rose MF, Long J, Peel MD, Miller RL, Rood KA, Young A, Stott R, Sweat A, Thornton KJ. The effects of organic grass and grass-birdsfoot trefoil pastures on Jersey heifer development: Heifer growth, performance, and economic impact. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:10863-10878. [PMID: 34389144 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dairy heifers developed in certified organic programs, especially those utilizing pasture-based management schemes, have lower rates of gain than heifers raised in nonorganic confinement production systems in temperate climates, such as in the Intermountain West region of the United States. This study investigates the effects that different forages in a rotational grazing system have on development of organically raised Jersey heifers. Over 3 years, 210 yearling Jersey heifers were randomly assigned to one of 9 treatments, including a conventional confinement control where animals were fed a total mixed ration or one of 8 pasture treatments: Cache Meadow bromegrass (Brumus riparius Rehmann), QuickDraw orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.), Amazon perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), or Fawn tall fescue (Schendonorus arundinaceus [Schreb.] Dumort) and each individual grass interseeded with birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L., BFT). Each treatment had 3 blocks/yr over the 3-yr period, with each block having a 0.4 ha pasture of each treatment. Every 35 d, over a 105-d period, heifers were weighed and measured for hip height, and blood samples were collected to determine serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and blood urea nitrogen concentrations. Fecal egg counts were also assessed. Heifer body weight (BW), blood urea nitrogen, and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations were affected by treatment when analyzed over time. Heifers on grass-BFT pastures had increased BW compared with heifers on monoculture grass pastures. Heifers receiving a total mixed ration or perennial ryegrass+BFT had increased BW gain over the 105-d period compared with heifers grazing tall fescue+BFT, orchard grass, perennial ryegrass, meadow bromegrass, or tall fescue. Individually for all grass species, heifers grazing +BFT pastures had greater ending BW and weight gain than heifers grazing the respective grass monocultures. Furthermore, weight gain for heifers on perennial ryegrass+BFT, meadow bromegrass+BFT, and orchard grass+BFT were not different from those on a total mixed ration. Heifers grazing grass-BFT pastures had increased blood urea nitrogen compared with heifers grazing monoculture grass pastures. Heifer hip height and fecal egg counts were not affected by treatment. These results show that the addition of BFT to organic pasture improves growth of grazing replacement heifers. Economic analyses also demonstrate that interseeding grass pastures with BFT results in an increased economic return compared with grazing monoculture grass pastures. Grass pastures interseeded with BFT may be a sustainable option to achieve adequate growth of Jersey heifers raised in an organic pasture scenario in a temperate climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Hadfield
- Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4815
| | - Blair L Waldron
- Forage and Range Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Logan 84322-6300
| | - S Clay Isom
- Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4815
| | - Ryan Feuz
- Agricultural Economics Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4820
| | - Ryan Larsen
- Agricultural Economics Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4820
| | - J Earl Creech
- Plants, Soils, and Climate Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4820
| | - Marcus F Rose
- Plants, Soils, and Climate Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4820
| | - Jenny Long
- Applied Sciences, Technology, and Education Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-2300
| | - Michael D Peel
- Forage and Range Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Logan 84322-6300
| | - Rhonda L Miller
- Applied Sciences, Technology, and Education Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-2300
| | - Kerry A Rood
- Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4815
| | - Allen Young
- Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4815
| | - Rusty Stott
- Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4815
| | - Alexis Sweat
- Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4815
| | - Kara J Thornton
- Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4815.
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17
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Growth, physiology, and coccidiosis infestation of suckling beef calves grazing warm-season grasses and offered creep-feeding supplementation with or without monensin. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:363. [PMID: 34146168 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the growth, physiology, and coccidiosis infestation of suckling beef calves provided monensin and grazing limpograss (Exp. 1) or bahiagrass (Exp. 2) pastures. Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (4 pastures/treatment; 3 cow-calf pairs/pasture in Exp. 1; 4 pastures/treatment; 10 cow-calf pairs/pair of pastures in Exp. 2) and comprised of supplementation of 0.40 kg/d of soybean meal added or not with monensin (20 mg/kg of total DM intake) for 112 and 78 days before weaning in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. In Exp. 1, supplement DM disappearance tended (P = 0.10) to be less for calves supplemented with vs. without monensin, but treatment × day and treatment effects were not observed (P ≥ 0.18) for herbage mass (HM), herbage allowance (HA), cow body condition score (BCS), calf average daily gain (ADG), calf plasma data, and fecal coccidia egg count. In Exp. 2, forage nutritive value, HM and HA, and cow BCS did not differ (P ≥ 0.43) between treatments. Supplemental monensin did not impact (P ≥ 0.78) plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 but increased (P ≤ 0.05) calf overall ADG and plasma concentrations on day 78 and reduced plasma concentrations of urea nitrogen (PUN) on day 78 and fecal coccidia egg count on day 78 compared to calves provided no monensin supplementation. Hence, monensin supplementation successfully improved growth performance of creep-fed suckling beef calves, when herbage mass was not a limiting factor and coccidiosis infestation occurred.
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18
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Fontes PLP, Oosthuizen N, Ciriaco FM, Sanford CD, Canal LB, Cooke RF, Pohler KG, Henry DD, Mercadante VRG, Ealy AD, Johnson SE, DiLorenzo N, Lamb GC. Effects of nutrient restriction on the metabolic profile of Bos indicus-influenced and B. taurus suckled beef cows. Animal 2021; 15:100166. [PMID: 33500214 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research from our group demonstrated that Bos indicus-influenced suckled beef cows had greater resilience to withstand nutrient restriction and establish pregnancy compared with B. taurus cows exposed to the same conditions. To further understand these findings, differences in metabolic profile between these same B. indicus-influenced and B. taurus females were explored. Suckled beef cows (n = 134) were enrolled in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. On day -21, Angus (AN; Bos taurus) and Brangus (BN; B. indicus-influenced) cows were randomly assigned to 1) a diet that met daily energy maintenance requirements (MAINT), or 2) a diet that restricted intake to 70% of the daily energy maintenance requirements (RESTR). Cows were exposed to an estrus synchronization protocol and received an embryo 7 d after ovulation was pharmacologically induced on day 0. Blood samples were collected on days -21 and 19 to determine circulating concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), insulin, glucose, and IGF-1. Pregnancy status after embryo transfer was determined on day 28. As a consequence of the proposed diets, cows in the RESTR diet had less body condition score (BCS) on day 19 (P = 0.008) across breed types. Moreover, BCS change from day -21 to 19 was included as independent covariate into subsequent analyses, allowing for the comparison of breed types under an equivalent level of body reserve mobilization. A breed × diet interaction was observed for plasma insulin (P = 0.03) and IGF-1 (P = 0.04) on day 19, where AN-RESTR cows had less plasma concentrations on day 19 compared with AN-MAINT cows. Diets did not impact (P > 0.10) plasma insulin and IGF-1 concentrations in BN cows. No diet or breed effects were observed in circulating concentrations of NEFA, BHB, and glucose (P > 0.10). Across breed types and nutritional treatment, there was positive linear effect (P ≤ 0.04) of plasma concentrations of insulin and IGF-1 on the probability of pregnancy to fixed-time embryo transfer. In summary, the negative impacts of nutrient restriction on the somatotropic axis, independently of body tissue mobilization, were heightened in Bos taurus females compared with B. indicus-influenced cohorts, which corroborate with the differences observed in fertility between these subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L P Fontes
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America; Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America.
| | - N Oosthuizen
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - F M Ciriaco
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - C D Sanford
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States of America
| | - L B Canal
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, United States of America
| | - R F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - D D Henry
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - V R G Mercadante
- Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - A D Ealy
- Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - S E Johnson
- Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - N DiLorenzo
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, United States of America
| | - G C Lamb
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
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19
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Moriel P, Palmer E, Vedovatto M, Piccolo MB, Ranches J, Silva HM, Mercadante VRG, Lamb GC, Vendramini JMB. Supplementation frequency and amount modulate postweaning growth and reproductive performance of Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5875087. [PMID: 32697832 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This 2-yr study evaluated the growth and puberty attainment of Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers offered 2 different postweaning concentrate supplementation amounts and delivery frequencies. On day 0 of each year, 64 Brangus crossbred heifers were stratified by initial body weight (BW) and age (mean = 244 ± 22 kg; 314 ± 17 d) and assigned into 1 of 16 bahiagrass pastures (4 heifers/pasture/yr). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures in a 2 × 2 factorial design (4 pastures/treatment/yr) and consisted of concentrate dry matter (DM) supplementation at 1.25% or 1.75% of BW which were offered either daily (7×) or 3 times weekly (3×) for 168 d. On day 56 of each year, heifers were assigned to an estrus synchronization protocol consisting of intravaginal controlled internal drug release (CIDR) insertion on day 56, CIDR removal on day 70, i.m. injection of 25 mg of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) on day 86, and i.m. injection of 100 µg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and timed-AI at 66 h after PGF2α injection (day 89). Heifers were exposed to Angus bulls from day 89 to 168 (1 bull/pasture). Pregnancy diagnosis was assessed on day 213 of each year. Supplementation amount × frequency effects were not detected (P ≥ 0.12) for any variable, except for plasma concentrations of glucose (P = 0.10) and urea nitrogen (PUN; P = 0.01). Herbage mass, herbage allowance, and nutritive value did not differ (P ≥ 0.12) among treatments. Increasing supplementation DM amount from 1.25% to 1.75% of BW increased (P ≤ 0.05) plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), overall average daily gain (ADG), final BW, percentage of pubertal heifers on day 89, pregnancy and calving percentages, and percentage of heifers calving within the first 21 d of the calving season. However, reducing the supplementation frequency from daily to 3× weekly, regardless of supplementation amount, did not impact overall pregnancy and calving percentages (P ≥ 0.42), but caused (P ≤ 0.05) fluctuations in plasma concentrations of insulin and IGF-1 and decreased (P ≤ 0.03) overall ADG, final BW, puberty attainment on days 56, 89, and 168, and percentage of heifers calving during the first 21 d of the calving season. Hence, increasing the supplement DM amount did not prevent the negative effects of reducing the frequency of supplementation (3× vs. 7× weekly) on growth and reproduction of replacement Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipe Moriel
- University of Florida, IFAS, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL
| | - Elizabeth Palmer
- University of Florida, IFAS, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL
| | - Marcelo Vedovatto
- University of Florida, IFAS, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL
| | - Matheus B Piccolo
- University of Florida, IFAS, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL
| | - Juliana Ranches
- Oregon State University, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, OR
| | - Hiran Marcelo Silva
- University of Florida, IFAS, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL
| | | | - G Cliff Lamb
- Texas A&M University, Department of Animal Science, College Station, TX
| | - Joao M B Vendramini
- University of Florida, IFAS, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL
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20
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Palmer EA, Vedovatto M, Oliveira RA, Gouvea V, Silva HM, Vendramini JM, Moriel P. Maternal supplement type and methionine hydroxy analogue fortification effects on performance of BOS indicus-influenced beef cows and their offspring. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Moriel P, Vedovatto M, Palmer EA, Oliveira RA, Silva HM, Ranches J, Vendramini JMB. Maternal supplementation of energy and protein, but not methionine hydroxy analog, enhanced postnatal growth and response to vaccination in Bos indicus-influenced beef offspring. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa123. [PMID: 32309862 PMCID: PMC7228674 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2-yr study evaluated the growth and postvaccination immune response of beef calves born from heifers offered no supplementation or pre- and postpartum supplementation of sugarcane molasses + urea with or without methionine hydroxy analog (MHA). On day 0 of each year (57 ± 5 d prepartum), Brangus crossbred beef heifers (n = 36/yr; 20 to 22 mo of age) were stratified by their initial body weight (BW; 396 ± 24.1 kg) and body condition score (BCS; 5.6 ± 0.43) and randomly allocated into 1 of 12 bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures (3 heifers/pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (4 pastures/treatment/yr) and consisted of no supplementation (NOSUP) and supplementation of sugarcane molasses + urea (7.2 kg of DM/heifer/wk) with (MOL+) or without (MOL-) fortification with 105 g/heifer/wk of MHA. Treatments were provided from 57 ± 5 d prepartum until 17 ± 5 d postpartum (day 0 to 74). On day 74, all heifer-calf pairs were combined and managed as a single group until the end of the breeding season (day 237). Calves were early weaned at 89 ± 5 d of age (day 147), limit-fed at 3.5% of BW (DM basis) in drylot until day 201, and vaccinated against respiratory disease pathogens on days 160 and 188. Prepartum BCS on day 44 did not differ (P = 0.26) between MOL+ and MOL- heifers but both groups had greater (P < 0.0001) BCS than NOSUP heifers. Plasma concentrations of l-methionine on day 44 were the greatest (P ≤ 0.04) for MOL+ heifers and did not differ (P = 0.40) between NOSUP vs. MOL- heifers. Calf birth BW did not differ (P = 0.13) among treatments. Calf average daily gain (ADG) from birth to day 201 did not differ (P ≥ 0.17) between MOL+ vs. MOL- calves, but both groups had greater (P ≤ 0.05) ADG from birth to day 201 than NOSUP calves. Calf postvaccination plasma concentrations of glucose, cortisol, and haptoglobin did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.13). However, plasma concentrations of IGF-1 on day 167 and the overall positive vaccine seroconversion did not differ (P ≥ 0.18) between MOL- and MOL+ calves, but both were greater (P ≤ 0.04) compared with NOSUP calves. Hence, maternal supplementation of sugarcane molasses + urea increased BCS at calving and offspring BW gain and response to vaccination against respiratory pathogens compared with no maternal supplementation. MHA inclusion into maternal supplements effectively increased maternal plasma l-methionine concentrations but did not enhance maternal BCS at calving and offspring growth and postvaccination immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipe Moriel
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL
| | - Marcelo Vedovatto
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL
| | - Elizabeth A Palmer
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL
| | - Rhaiza A Oliveira
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL
| | - Hiran Marcelo Silva
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL
| | - Juliana Ranches
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR
| | - Joao M B Vendramini
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL
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22
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Henley PA, Meteer WT, Chapple WP, Redden ME, Shike DW. Effects of corn supplementation and age on performance and reproduction of beef females grazing lush spring pasture. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa046. [PMID: 32705043 PMCID: PMC7238437 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated how corn supplementation and age of female affected body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), artificial insemination (AI) pregnancy rate, and blood metabolites (nonesterified fatty acid [NEFA], β-hydroxybutyrate [BHBA], and blood urea nitrogen [BUN]) when grazing lush spring pasture. Angus and Angus × Simmental beef females (n = 361) were blocked by location, stratified by BW and BCS, and then were assigned to groups (n = 8 groups/treatment combination; 9–14 females/group). The study utilized a stratified, randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The four treatment combinations were: yearling heifers receiving no supplement (CON-H); yearling heifers receiving supplement of dry-rolled corn (SUPP-H; 1.81 kg as-fed/heifer/d) for 42 d; 2-yr-old lactating cow-calf pairs receiving no supplement (CON-C); and 2-yr-old lactating cow-calf pairs receiving supplement of dry-rolled corn (SUPP-C; 1.81 kg as-fed/cow/d) for 42 d. Supplementation began at AI (end of April) when cows began grazing tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea schreb)-red clover (Trifolium pratense) pastures. Pasture forage was collected weekly for analysis. Throughout the study, forage crude protein decreased (P < 0.01) over time, but acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber, dry matter, forage height, and forage mass all increased (P < 0.01) over time. Females receiving SUPP tended (P = 0.10) to have greater BW and greater BW change over the supplementation period. Supplementation × age effects for BCS were detected (P = 0.04); SUPP-H had greater BCS than all other treatment combinations at d 42. Cow BHBA was greater (P < 0.01) compared with heifers. Female NEFA increased (P < 0.01) from d 12 to 42. Control females had greater (P = 0.02) serum NEFA concentrations compared with SUPP females. Control females had greater (P = 0.03) BUN concentrations compared with SUPP females. Cow BUN was greater (P < 0.01) than heifer BUN. Supplementation effects were not detected (P ≥ 0.25) for AI or overall pregnancy rate. In conclusion, there were no supplementation × age interactions excluding d 42 BCS. Supplementation regardless of female age tended to improve d 42 BW and BW change. Cow BHBA and BUN was greater compared with the heifers, whereas the supplemented females had decreased NEFA and BUN. Cows tended to have greater AI pregnancy rates than heifers, but supplementation did not affect AI or overall pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker A Henley
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - William T Meteer
- Orr Research and Demonstration Center, University of Illinois Extension, Baylis, IL
| | - Wesley P Chapple
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Miles E Redden
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Daniel W Shike
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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23
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Moriel P, Cappellozza BI, Piccolo MB, Cooke RF, Miranda MF, Batista LFD, Carvalho RS, Colombo EA, Santili FV, Filho RVO, Ferreira VSM, Vasconcelos JLM. Pre- and post-weaning injections of bovine somatotropin to optimize puberty achievement of Bos indicus beef heifers. Transl Anim Sci 2018; 3:443-455. [PMID: 32704815 PMCID: PMC7200584 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txy125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the growth and puberty attainment of Bos indicus heifers administered recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) or saline injections during preweaning and/or postweaning. On day 0, 177 suckling Nellore heifers were stratified by initial age and body weight (BW) (80 ± 10 d; 97 ± 16 kg), and randomly assigned, in a 2 × 2 factorial design (n = 44 to 45 heifers/treatment), to receive s.c. injections of saline (5 mL 0.9% NaCl) or sometribove zinc (Posilac; Elanco, Greenfield, IN; 6.14 mg/kg of BW0.75) on days 0 and 10 (PRE) and/or days 167 and 177 (POS). All heifers were managed as a single group in Brachiaria decumbens pastures from day 0 until 24 d postweaning (day 191), and then provided a corn silage–based TMR from days 191 to 380 to achieve 65% to 70% of mature BW at the end of the study (day 380). Heifer full BW was collected on days 0, 10, 167, 177, and monthly from days 191 to 380. Transrectal ultrasonography of ovaries was performed on days 1 and 10 of each month from days 229 to 380 to assess the percentage of pubertal heifers. Liver biopsies and blood samples from jugular vein were collected on days 0, 10, 167, 177, and 380. Additional blood samples were collected monthly from days 259 to 380 (n = 10 to 15 heifers/treatment). No interactions among day of the study, PRE, and POS injections of saline or bST were detected (P ≥ 0.11). Preweaning bST injections increased heifer average daily gain (ADG) from days 0 to 10 and plasma IGF-1 on day 10 (P ≤ 0.03), did not affect ADG from days 0 to 177, plasma IGF-1 from days 259 to 380, and any liver gene mRNA expression (P ≥ 0.19), but tended to decrease ADG from days 191 to 380 (P = 0.07) and percentage of pubertal heifers on days 349 (P = 0.07), 359 (P = 0.002), and 380 (P = 0.0001) compared with saline injections. Postweaning bST injections increased plasma IGF-1 on day 177 and overall liver mRNA expression of GHR-1A (P ≤ 0.05), decreased plasma IGF-1 from days 259 to 380 (P = 0.03), tended to decrease liver mRNA expression of GHR-1B on day 177 (P = 0.08), but did not affect ADG from days 167 to 177 and 191 to 380, and puberty attainment from days 229 to 380 (P ≥ 0.12) compared with saline injections. Thus, preweaning and postweaning injections of bST successfully increased heifer plasma IGF-1 concentrations 10 d after first injection. Postweaning injections of bST had no impact on puberty attainment, whereas preweaning bST injections of bST impaired puberty attainment of Nellore beef heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipe Moriel
- University of Florida, IFAS - Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL
| | | | - Matheus B Piccolo
- University of Florida, IFAS - Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Miguel F Miranda
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Luis F D Batista
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Carvalho
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Colombo
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Felipe V Santili
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ramiro V O Filho
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Vitor S M Ferreira
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
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Moriel P, Artioli LFA, Piccolo MB, Miranda M, Ranches J, Ferreira VSM, Antunes LQ, Bega AM, Miranda VFB, Vieira JFRL, Vasconcelos JLM. Effects of low-moisture, sugarcane molasses-based block supplementation on growth, physiological parameters, and liver trace mineral status of growing beef heifers fed low-quality, warm-season forage. Transl Anim Sci 2018; 3:523-531. [PMID: 32704823 PMCID: PMC7200477 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txy123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to evaluate the growth, physiological parameters, and liver trace mineral status of beef heifers provided low-quality warm-season forage and different forms (meal vs. block) of trace mineral-fortified supplementation. One hundred yearling Nellore heifers were blocked by initial body weight (BW) (184 ± 2.5 kg) and randomly assigned into 1 of 20 drylot pens (5 heifers/pen). Treatments were randomly assigned to pens (5 pens/treatment) and consisted of heifers receiving: 1) a loose meal trace mineral supplement (TM; De Heus Animal Nutrition Industry); 2) free choice access to a low-moisture, cooked sugarcane molasses-based protein block (LMB); 3) isocaloric and isonitrogenous, loose meal protein supplement pair-fed to LMB supplement dry matter (DM) intake (PSPF); and (4) loose meal protein supplement offered at 0.2% of BW (PS). Supplements were formulated to achieve same daily intake of supplemental trace mineral among treatments. Hence, TM supplement was offered at 66.6% of the supplement DMI of LMB heifers. Heifers were offered free choice access to water and ground brachiaria (Brachiaria brizantha) hay from day 0 to 45. Overall average daily gain from day 0 to 45 was the least for TM heifers (P ≤ 0.05) and did not differ among LMB, PSPF, and PS heifers (P ≥ 0.60). Daily hay DMI did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.63). Total intake of DM and TDN were least for TM heifers (P ≤ 0.03) and did not differ (P ≥ 0.66) among LMB, PSPF, and PS heifers. Total supplemental intake of crude protein (CP) and rumen degradable protein (RDP) and total intake of CP and RDP (supplement + hay) were least for TM and greatest for PS heifers (P ≤ 0.05), and intermediate for LMB and PSPF heifers (P ≥ 0.70). Effects of treatment × day and treatment were not detected (P ≥ 0.61) for plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Effects of treatment were detected for plasma concentrations of PUN (P = 0.005) and tended to be detected for plasma concentrations of glucose (P = 0.08), which were least for TM heifers (P ≤ 0.03) and did not differ (P ≥ 0.17) among LMB, PSPF, and PS heifers. Trace mineral intake and liver concentrations of all trace minerals did not differ (P ≥ 0.13) among treatments. Hence, the use of LMB supplementation resulted in positive effects on growth without impacting trace mineral status compared to a loose meal trace mineral salt, and similar growth performance and trace mineral status compared to a conventional protein supplementation offered at 0.2% of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipe Moriel
- University of Florida - Range Cattle Research & Education Center, Ona, FL
| | - Luís F A Artioli
- De Heus MBU Brazil Animal Nutrition Industry, Guararapes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus B Piccolo
- University of Florida - Range Cattle Research & Education Center, Ona, FL
| | - Miguel Miranda
- University of Florida - Range Cattle Research & Education Center, Ona, FL
| | - Juliana Ranches
- University of Florida - Range Cattle Research & Education Center, Ona, FL
| | - Vitor S M Ferreira
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Lorenzo Q Antunes
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Amanda M Bega
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Victor F B Miranda
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - José F R L Vieira
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
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Rodríguez-Sánchez JA, Sanz A, Ferrer J, Casasús I. Influence of postweaning feeding management of beef heifers on performance and physiological profiles through rearing and first lactation. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2018; 65:24-37. [PMID: 29870919 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 2 postweaning feeding management approaches (FEED: 0.8 [HIGH] vs 0.6 [MOD] kg/d target ADG) on the performance of heifers of 2 beef breeds (BREED: Parda de Montaña [PA] vs Pirenaica) calving at 2 yr. Twenty-five heifers previously creep fed before weaning (6 mo) were assigned to 2 planes of nutrition from 6 to 15 mo of age. At 15 mo, they were inseminated, and then received similar diets until weaning of their first calf (4 mo postcalving). Several parameters were measured to analyze growth and development (BW; ADG; size measures at 6 mo, 15 mo, calving, and weaning), performance at puberty and first breeding, and dam and calf performance in the first lactation (calving traits, ADG, milk yield). Metabolic (glucose, cholesterol, NEFA, β-hydroxybutyrate, and urea) and endocrine status (IGF-I and leptin) were assessed in plasma samples collected every 3 mo from 6 mo to calving and monthly during lactation. No interaction between BREED and FEED was observed. Heifers from the HIGH feeding treatment had higher postweaning ADG than those on the LOW diet. At 15 mo, they had greater BW, heart girth, and external pelvic area, but they did not differ thereafter. All heifers reached puberty at similar BW (55% mature BW) but different ages. Heifers from the HIGH treatment tended (P < 0.09) to be pubertal earlier, and PA heifers were 1.6 mo younger than Pirenaica heifers (P < 0.05) at puberty. At the time of conception (452 ± 59 kg) and calving (471 ± 51 kg), BW was above common recommendations in all groups. Calving traits and performance in lactation did not differ between feeding treatments. BREED only influenced birth weight; PA calves being heavier (P < 0.05), which resulted in a larger calf/cow BW ratio, but no effect on calving difficulty or subsequent performance. Metabolic substrates and hormones depended mostly on sampling date, which was related to current energy and protein intake. Glucose (P < 0.001), cholesterol (P < 0.001), and IGF-I (P < 0.05) were greater during the postweaning phase in heifers on the HIGH diet, and persistent physiological effects were observed during lactation. Age at puberty was negatively related with IGF-I (r = -0.43, P < 0.001), but not with leptin concentrations. In conclusion, regardless of breed, a moderate growth rate ensured adequate heifer development and performance until the first lactation, whereas no advantage was gained from enhanced postweaning gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avenida, Montañana, 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - A Sanz
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avenida, Montañana, 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avenida, Montañana, 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I Casasús
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avenida, Montañana, 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
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Piccolo MB, Arthington JD, Silva GM, Lamb GC, Cooke RF, Moriel P. Preweaning injections of bovine ST enhanced reproductive performance of Bos indicus-influenced replacement beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:618-631. [PMID: 29385608 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3 yr study evaluated the effects of three preweaning injections of bovine ST, administered 14 d apart, on growth and reproductive performance of Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers. On d 0 of each year, suckling Angus × Brangus heifers (n = 15 heifers/treatment/yr) were stratified by BW (147 ± 20 kg) and age (134 ± 11 d) and randomly assigned to receive an s.c. injection of saline (SAL; 5 mL; 0.9% NaCl) or 250 mg of sometribove zinc (BST; Posilac, Elanco, Greenfield, IN) on d 0, 14, and 28. Heifers and respective dams were managed as a single group on bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures from d 0 until weaning (d 127). From d 127 to 346, heifers were grouped by treatment, allocated to bahiagrass pastures (1 pasture/treatment/yr) and fed a molasses-based supplement (2.9 kg/heifer daily; DM basis) until d 346. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 14, 28, 42, and then every 9-10 d from d 179 to 346. In yr 3, liver biopsy samples were collected on d 0, 42, and 263. Heifers were exposed to mature Angus bulls from d 263 to 346. Growth performance and physiological parameters were analyzed using the MIXED procedure, whereas reproductive variables were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Effects of treatment × year and treatment × year × time were not detected for any variable measured in this study (P ≥ 0.14), except for calving percentage (P = 0.03). Heifers assigned to BST injections had greater overall plasma concentrations of IGF-1 and ADG from d 0 to 42 (P ≤ 0.05), less ADG from d 42 to 127 (P = 0.04), but had similar BW at weaning and postweaning ADG (P ≥ 0.25) compared to SAL heifers. Heifers assigned to BST tended to achieve puberty 26 d earlier (P = 0.10), had greater percentage of pubertal heifers on d 244, 263, 284, and 296 (P ≤ 0.04), tended to have greater overall pregnancy percentage (P = 0.10), and had greater (P ≤ 0.05) calving percentages in yr 1 and 2 (but not yr 3; P = 0.68) compared to SAL heifers. Liver mRNA expression of GHR-1B and IGF-1 on d 0 and 42 did not differ between treatments (P ≥ 0.15), but was greater for BST vs. SAL heifers on d 263 (P ≤ 0.02). Hence, administering three injections containing 250 mg of sometribove zinc at 14 d intervals before weaning (between 135 and 163 d of age) induced long-term impacts on liver gene expression and may be a feasible management practice to enhance puberty and pregnancy attainment in B. indicus-influenced replacement beef heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Piccolo
- University of Florida, IFAS - Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL
| | - J D Arthington
- University of Florida, IFAS - Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL
| | - G M Silva
- University of Florida, IFAS - Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL
| | - G C Lamb
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - R F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - P Moriel
- University of Florida, IFAS - Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL
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Moriel P, Vendramini JMB, Carnelos C, Piccolo MB, da Silva HM. Effects of monensin on growth performance of beef heifers consuming warm-season perennial grass and supplemented with sugarcane molasses. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 51:339-344. [PMID: 30128912 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of monensin on performance of beef heifers fed warm-season forages. Brangus heifers (n = 24) were stratified by BW and BCS, and randomly assigned into 1 of 12 bahiagrass pastures (1.2 ha and 2 heifers/pasture). Heifers were offered 14 kg of sugarcane molasses and 3.5 kg of cottonseed meal weekly from day 0 to 84. Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (6 pastures/treatment) and consisted of heifers supplemented with or without 200 mg/day of monensin. On d 85, heifers were allocated to individual drylot pens, provided free choice access to bermudagrass hay, and received their respective treatment for 10 d of adaptation and 11 d of data collection. Monensin did not impact (P ≥ 0.13) heifer BW, BCS, overall ADG, bahiagrass IVDOM, CP, herbage mass, and allowance. Supplement disappearance after 10 and 34 h of supplementation was greater for control vs. monensin heifers (P = 0.04) and tended to be greater for control vs. monensin heifers 24 h post-supplementation (P = 0.07). Plasma concentrations of glucose, IGF-1, and BUN (P ≥ 0.24) did not differ between treatments. From d 85 to 106, forage and total DM intake, in vivo DM digestibility, and heifer growth performance did not differ between treatments (P ≥ 0.12). Therefore, adding monensin to sugarcane molasses-based supplements decreased supplement consumption rate, but did not impact growth and blood parameters of heifers grazing warm-season grasses with limited nutritive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipe Moriel
- University of Florida - Range Cattle Research & Education Center, Ona, FL, 33865-9706, USA.
| | - Joao M B Vendramini
- University of Florida - Range Cattle Research & Education Center, Ona, FL, 33865-9706, USA
| | - Caio Carnelos
- University of Florida - Range Cattle Research & Education Center, Ona, FL, 33865-9706, USA
| | - Matheus B Piccolo
- University of Florida - Range Cattle Research & Education Center, Ona, FL, 33865-9706, USA
| | - Hiran M da Silva
- University of Florida - Range Cattle Research & Education Center, Ona, FL, 33865-9706, USA
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Silva GM, Poore MH, Ranches J, Santos GS, Moriel P. Effects of gradual reduction in frequency of energy supplementation on growth and immunity of beef steers. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:273-283. [PMID: 29385600 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of gradual reduction in frequency of energy supplementation following vaccination on growth and measurements of innate and humoral immunity of beef steers. At 14-d postweaning (d 0), Angus steers (n = 42; 200 ± 5 kg of BW; 175 ± 4 d of age) were stratified by BW and age, and randomly assigned into 1 of 14 drylot pens (three steers/pen). From d 0 to 42, steers were provided ad libitum ground tall fescue hay (57% TDN, 13% CP of DM basis) and supplemented with concentrate at 1% of BW (50:50 soybean hulls and corn gluten feed; 71% TDN, 15% CP of DM basis). Treatments were randomly assigned to pens, and consisted of similar weekly concentrate DM supplementation (1% of BW multiplied by 7 d) that was divided and offered daily from d 0 to 42 (7X; 4 pens), 3 times weekly from d 0 to 42 (3X; Monday, Wednesday, and Friday; 5 pens), or daily from d 0 to 15 and then 3 times weekly from d 16 to 42 (7-3X; 5 pens). Steers were vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), parainfluenza-3 (PI-3), Mannheimia haemolytica, and Clostridium on d 0 and 15. Individual shrunk BW was collected on d 0 and 42, following 12 h of feed and water withdrawal. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture 4 h after concentrate supplementation on d 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22, and 42. Mean BW, ADG, G:F, hay DMI, and total DMI over the 42-d period did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.26). Plasma concentrations of cortisol and mean serum BVDV-1a titers also did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.35), but overall plasma haptoglobin concentrations were greater for 3X vs. 7-3X and 7X steers (P ≤ 0.05; 0.44, 0.37, and 0.33 ± 0.026 mg/mL, respectively). Also, 3X steers had less mean serum IBR titers (P ≤ 0.05; 0.29 vs. 0.88 and 0.79 ± 0.179 log2, respectively) and less seroconversion to PI-3 virus on d 15 than 7-3X and 7X steers (P ≤ 0.05; 36.0 vs. 76.6 and 57.8 ± 8.24%, respectively). In summary, a gradual reduction in frequency of energy supplementation during a 42-d preconditioning period did not negatively impact growth, but alleviated indices of inflammation and prevented reductions in vaccine response against BVDV-1a and PI-3 viruses compared to steers offered concentrate 3 times weekly during the entire study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleise M Silva
- University of Florida, IFAS - Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL
| | - Matt H Poore
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Juliana Ranches
- University of Florida, IFAS - Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL
| | - Glauber S Santos
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Philipe Moriel
- University of Florida, IFAS - Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL
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Cook EK, Garcia-Ascolani ME, Ricks RE, Duckett SK, Lamb GC, DiLorenzo N, Long NM. The effect of frequency of supplementing rumen-protected unsaturated fatty acids on blood serum fatty acid profiles in beef heifers and lactating cows. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:2977-2985. [PMID: 28727101 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if supplementation frequency of rumen-protected fat (RPF) influences circulating serum concentrations of fatty acids (FA), NEFA, and urea nitrogen in beef heifers and lactating cows. In Exp. 1, 12 early gestation beef heifers were supplemented 0.5 kg of corn gluten feed (CGF) daily during a 2-wk adaptation period. During the last 3 d of adaptation, blood samples were collected immediately before supplementation and then 8 and 16 h postsupplementation daily. Each heifer was then randomly assigned to 1 of 3 supplementation frequency treatments of RPF (3, 5, or 7 d/wk) for 3 wk in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 periods (4 heifers per treatment per period), with each treatment receiving the same amount of RPF and CGF per wk (1.0 and 2.7 kg as fed, respectively). Blood samples were collected during the final 3 d of each supplementation period as described in the adaptation period. In Exp. 2, 18 Angus crossbred cows in early lactation were supplemented with 4.54 kg (as fed) of CGF weekly either at 3, 5, or 7 d/wk during a 2-wk adaptation period. Blood samples were collected during the last 3 d of adaptation as in Exp. 1. For the subsequent 3 wk, RPF (530, 318, and 227 g/d when supplemented) was added to the CGF supplement so that each supplementation frequency received 1.59 kg as fed/wk of RPF. Blood samples were collected during the last 3 d of supplementation as in Exp. 1. Serum FA profiles on a random subsample of 9 heifers in Exp. 1 and all animals in Exp. 2 were determined via gas chromatograph (GC), and values were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. In Exp. 1, there were no differences ( ≥ 0.53) in serum FA profile across supplementation frequencies. There was a decrease in serum 18:2, 18:1 -9 and total FA during the sampling time (time effect, < 0.02). In Exp. 2, there was treatment × time effect ( ≤ 0.001) for both 18:2 and total FA measured. The 7 d/wk frequency had a greater concentration of C18:2 and total FA at 8 h of the sampling period when compared to the other 2 frequencies. These results demonstrate that supplementation of RPF at 3, 5 or 7 d/wk resulted in no changes in serum FA profiles in growing heifers. In early lactating beef cows, there were minor time point changes in serum FA due to supplementation frequency; however, the vast majority of time points were not different, indicating no substantial changes in serum FA profiles.
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Mercadante VRG, Fontes PLP, Ciriaco FM, Henry DD, Moriel P, Ealy AD, Johnson SE, DiLorenzo N, Lamb GC. Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin administration at breeding on cow, conceptus, and subsequent offspring performance of beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:2128-38. [PMID: 27285709 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of administration of recombinant bovine ST (bST) on plasma hormone concentrations of cows, conceptus development, and postnatal calf performance were examined. Lactating beef cows ( = 190) were exposed to a fixed-time AI (TAI) protocol from d -10 to 0 (TAI on d 0). Cows were blocked by breed and stratified by days postpartum and then randomly assigned to receive, subcutaneously 1) 2 injections of saline (1 mL of 0.9% saline), 1 on d 0 at TAI and a second injection on d 14 (CTRL; = 53); 2) an injection of 325 mg of bST on d 0 and a saline injection on d 14 (bST0; = 48); 3) a saline injection on d 0 and an injection of 325 mg of bST on d 14 (bST14; = 49); or 4) 2 injections of 325 mg of bST, 1 on d 0 and a second injection on d 14 (bST0+14; = 40). Pregnancy status, crown-to-rump length (CRL) on Day 35, and crown-to-nose length (CNL) on Day 65 were determined via transrectal ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 7, 14, 21, 35, and 65, relative to TAI, to determine plasma concentrations of progesterone (P4), IGF-1, and pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) and also on d 18 and 21 for isolation of peripheral blood leukocytes for RNA extraction and measurement of interferon-stimulated genes transcript abundance. Individual calf BW was determined at birth and every 30 d until weaning. A subset of 24 calves was randomly selected for liver biopsies at birth to determine mRNA expression of target genes. Administration of bST to cows increased ( < 0.0001) concentrations of plasma IGF-1 for 14 d after injection compared with CTRL but did not affect fetal CRL and CNL ( = 0.23). Cows receiving bST only on d 0 had a greater ( = 0.05) transcript abundance in myxovirus resistance 2 on d 21 compared with 2bST cows (2.0- and 0.8-fold for bST0 and 2bST, respectively), whereas cows receiving bST14 and CTRL were intermediate (1.2- and 0.9-fold, respectively). Calf BW did not differ ( ≥ 0.100) among treatments on d 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 relative to birth. Injection of bST only on d 0 tended ( = 0.062) to increase calf liver mRNA expression of at birth compared with the calves born to cows in other treatments. Therefore, during a TAI protocol, the administration of 1 or 2 injections of 325 mg of bST to lactating beef cows enhanced their plasma concentrations of IGF-1 but failed to improve fetal size and plasma concentrations of maternal PSPB and P4 and had no effect on postnatal calf growth performance.
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Moriel P, Piccolo MB, Artioli LFA, Poore MH, Marques RS, Cooke RF. Decreasing the frequency and rate of wet brewers grains supplementation did not impact growth but reduced humoral immune response of preconditioning beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:3030-41. [PMID: 27482690 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated growth and measurements of innate and humoral immunity of preconditioning beef heifers supplemented with wet brewers grains (WBG) at 2 supplementation rates and frequencies. At 14 d after weaning (d 0), Angus heifers ( = 36; 213 ± 2 kg BW and 254 ± 7 d of age) were stratified by BW and age and randomly assigned to 1 of 12 drylot pens (3 heifers/pen). Treatments were randomly assigned to pens, in a 2 × 2 factorial design, and consisted of heifers provided ground tall fescue hay ad libitum (55% TDN and 12% CP of DM) and supplemented with WBG (75% TDN and 36% CP of DM) either daily (7X) or 3 times weekly (3X; Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) at 0.5 or 1.0% of BW (DM basis) for 42 d. Heifers were vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), Mannheimia haemolytica, and Clostridium on d 14 and 28. Individual BW was measured before feeding on d 0 and 42 following 12 h of feed and water withdrawal. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture 4 h after WBG supplementation on d 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 28, 29, 30, 31, 35, and 42. Heifers fed WBG 3X had less hay DMI (2.6 ± 0.16 vs. 3.2 ± 0.16 kg/d; < 0.0001) but greater total DMI (5.6 ± 0.16 vs. 3.8 ± 0.16 kg/d; < 0.0001) than 7X heifers on days that all heifers received WBG supplementation. However, overall hay and total DMI was not affected ( ≥ 0.40) by supplementation frequency. Therefore, ADG, BW, and G:F from d 0 to 42 did not differ among treatments ( ≥ 0.29). Plasma concentrations of haptoglobin on d 15 and cortisol on d 14 were greater for 3X heifers vs. 7X heifers ( ≤ 0.04). Heifers fed WBG at 0.5% of BW tended to have greater plasma cortisol concentrations on d 15, 17, and 35 ( ≤ 0.09) than heifers fed at 1.0% of BW. Serum BVDV-1a titers were greater ( = 0.04) for 7X heifers vs. 3X heifers on d 42 (4.2 ± 0.28 vs. 3.3 ± 0.28 log), whereas serum titers against BVDV-2 and IBR were greater for heifers fed WBG at 1.0% of BW vs. heifers fed WBG at 0.5% of BW (7.6 vs. 6.7 and 3.3 vs. 2.8 ± 0.19 log, respectively). In summary, decreasing WBG supplementation frequency (7 vs. 3 times weekly) or rate (1.0 vs. 0.5% of BW) for recently weaned beef heifers did not affect growth but decreased vaccine-induced antibody production against pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease during a 42-d preconditioning period.
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Moriel P, Artioli LFA, Piccolo MB, Marques RS, Poore MH, Cooke RF. Frequency of wet brewers grains supplementation during late gestation of beef cows and its effects on offspring postnatal growth and immunity. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:2553-63. [PMID: 27285931 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objectives were to evaluate postnatal growth and measurements of innate and humoral immunity of beef calves born to dams fed wet brewers grains (WBG) daily or 3 times weekly during late gestation. On d 0 (approximately 60 d before calving), 28 multiparous, spring-calving Angus cows (BW = 578 ± 19 kg; age = 4.7 ± 0.65 yr; BCS = 7.0 ± 0.18) were stratified by sire, age, BW, and BCS and then randomly allocated into 1 of 14 drylot pens (2 cows/pen; 18 by 3 m; 27 m/cow). Cows were offered ground tall fescue hay ad libitum and received similar weekly WBG supplementation (DMI = 0.5% of BW multiplied by 7 d). Treatments were randomly assigned to pens (7 pens/treatment) and consisted of cows receiving WBG supplementation daily (S7; weekly DMI of WBG divided by 7 d) or 3 times weekly (S3; weekly DMI of WBG divided by 3 d; Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays) from d 0 until calving. Cow-calf pairs were managed as a single group on tall fescue pastures from calving to weaning (d 226). Calves were immediately submitted to a preconditioning period from d 226 to 266 and vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhea virus, , and on d 231 and 245. Decreasing the frequency of WBG supplementation did not impact ( ≥ 0.21) precalving intake of total DM, CP, and TDN; BW and BCS change; overall plasma cortisol concentrations; and postcalving growth and pregnancy rate of cows. Overall plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin did not differ ( ≥ 0.28) between S3 and S7 cows, whereas S3 cows had greater ( = 0.002) plasma glucose concentrations and tended ( = 0.06) to have greater plasma insulin concentrations on days they were not fed WBG vs. days of WBG supplementation. Calf plasma concentrations of haptoglobin and cortisol at birth but not serum IgG ( = 0.63) tended ( = 0.10) to be greater for S3 vs. S7 calves. However, additional calf growth and immunity variables obtained during pre- and postweaning phases did not differ between S3 and S7 calves ( ≥ 0.21). Hence, decreasing the frequency of WBG supplementation during late gestation caused oscillations on precalving plasma glucose and insulin concentrations but did not affect plasma cortisol concentrations, growth, and pregnancy rate of cows. Also, reduced frequency of WBG supplementation during late gestation did not have carryover effects on postnatal calf growth and immunity.
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Moriel P, Piccolo MB, Artioli LFA, Marques RS, Poore MH, Cooke RF. Short-term energy restriction during late gestation of beef cows decreases postweaning calf humoral immune response to vaccination. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:2542-52. [PMID: 27285930 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objectives were to evaluate the pre- and postweaning growth and measurements of innate and humoral immune response of beef calves born to cows fed 70 or 100% of NEm requirements during the last 40 d of gestation. On d 0 (approximately 40 d before calving), 30 multiparous Angus cows pregnant to embryo transfer (BW = 631 ± 15 kg; age = 5.2 ± 0.98 yr; BCS = 6.3 ± 0.12) were randomly allocated into 1 of 10 drylot pens (3 cows/pen). Treatments were randomly assigned to pens (5 pens/treatment) and consisted of cows limit-fed (d 0 to calving) isonitrogenous, total-mixed diets formulated to provide 100 (CTRL) or 70% (REST) of daily NEm requirements of a 630-kg beef cow at 8 mo of gestation. Immediately after calving, all cow-calf pairs were combined into a single management group and rotationally grazed on tall fescue pastures (6 pastures; 22 ha/pasture) until weaning (d 266). All calves were assigned to a 40-d preconditioning period in a drylot from d 266 to 306 and vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), , and spp. on d 273 and 287. Blood samples from jugular vein were collected from cows on d 0, 17, and 35 and from calves within 12 h of birth and on d 266, 273, 274, 276, 279, and 287. By design, REST cows consumed less ( ≤ 0.002) total DMI, TDN, and NEm but had similar CP intake ( = 0.67), which tended ( = 0.06) to increase BW loss from d 0 to calving, than CTRL cows (-1.09 vs. -0.70 ± 0.14 kg/d, respectively). However, gestational NEm intake did not affect ( ≥ 0.30) plasma concentrations of cortisol, insulin, and glucose during gestation and BCS at calving as well as postcalving pregnancy rate, BW, and BCS change of cows. Calf serum IgG concentrations and plasma concentrations of haptoglobin and cortisol at birth as well as calf pre- and postweaning BW and ADG did not differ ( ≥ 0.15) between calves born to REST and CTRL cows. However, calf postweaning overall plasma concentrations of cortisol; plasma haptoglobin concentrations on d 274, 276, and 279; and serum BVDV-1a titers on d 306 were less for REST calves than for CTRL calves ( ≤ 0.05). Hence, a NEm restriction to 70% of daily requirements during the last 40 d of gestation had minimal effects on cow precalving growth and did not affect postcalving cow growth and reproductive performance. However, it decreased postweaning vaccination-induced humoral immunity, inflammatory, and physiological stress responses of calves.
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Añez-Osuna F, Penner GB, Jefferson PG, Lardner HA, McKinnon JJ. Effects of alternate day supplementation at two levels of energy on intake, rumen fermentation, and digestibility of beef heifers fed cool-season perennial grass hay. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:407-419. [PMID: 28177359 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing energy daily vs. on alternate days at levels that were 1.5 and 2 times the daily amount on DMI, rumen fermentation parameters, and apparent total tract digestibility of beef heifers fed grass hay. Four cannulated Hereford heifers (339 ± 11 kg) were randomly assigned over 4 periods to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Heifers were fed a cool-season perennial grass (CSPG) hay (10% CP and 42% ADF) and supplemented with a pelleted feed formulated to provide 3.2 Mcal/kg of DE. Treatments consisted of a nonsupplemented control (CON) and 3 supplemented treatments where the supplement was offered daily at 0.6% BW (DLY) or on alternate days at 0.9% BW (LA) and 1.2% BW (HA). Heifers fed DLY had lower ( ≤ 0.04) CSPG hay DMI (7.1 vs. 8.1 kg/d) and mean ruminal pH (6.65 vs. 6.75) and greater ( < 0.01) total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA; 77.1 vs. 69.2 m) and NH-N (4.6 vs. 3.4 mg/dL) concentrations in ruminal fluid than CON heifers. The concentration of ruminal NH-N for LA (5.8 mg/dL) was greater ( < 0.01) than for DLY. Total tract DM digestibility was greater for DLY (52.5%; ≤ 0.03) than for CON (44.2%) and LA (49.7%), whereas no effects were found ( ≥ 0.11) for DLY vs. HA. When data was analyzed for days when LA and HA were supplemented, hay DMI was greater ( < 0.05) for DLY (7.3 kg/d) vs. HA (6.0 kg/d) but not different ( = 0.16) vs. LA (6.4 kg/d), mean ruminal pH of DLY (6.64) was greater vs. HA (6.59; = 0.04) and tended to be greater vs. LA (6.60; < 0.09), and total SCFA concentration of DLY (77.9 m) was lower ( < 0.01) vs. HA (88.2 m) and tended ( = 0.08) to be lower vs. LA (84.0 m). On days when LA and HA were not supplemented, hay DMI was not different ( ≥ 0.48) for DLY vs. LA and HA, mean ruminal pH was greater ( ≤ 0.03) for LA (6.79) and HA (6.85) compared with DLY (6.67), and total SCFA concentration of DLY (76.2 m) was not different ( = 0.15) vs. LA (67.5 m) but greater ( = 0.03) vs. HA (62.0 m). These results show that reducing the amount of supplement fed on alternate supplementation programs from 2 to 1.5 times the amount of daily programs can minimize the negative effects on rumen fermentation and forage DMI.
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Artioli LFA, Moriel P, Poore MH, Marques RS, Cooke RF. Decreasing the frequency of energy supplementation from daily to three times weekly impairs growth and humoral immune response of preconditioning beef steers. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:5430-41. [PMID: 26641062 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of frequency of energy supplementation on growth and measurements of innate and humoral immune responses of preconditioning beef steers following vaccination. Angus steers ( = 24; 221 ± 6.3 kg; 177 ± 4 d of age) were weaned on d -7 and kept in a single drylot pen with free access to tall fescue hay and concentrate DMI at 0.5% of BW (50:50 mix of soyhulls and corn gluten pellets; DM basis) from d -7 to 0. On d 0, steers were stratified by BW and age and randomly assigned to 1 of 8 feedlot pens (3 steers/pen). Treatments were randomly assigned to pens (4 pens/treatment) and consisted of steers provided daily free access to ground tall fescue hay and similar weekly concentrate DMI (1% of BW times 7 d), which was divided and offered either daily (S7) or 3 times weekly (S3; Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) from d 0 to 42. Individual BW was measured before feeding on d 0 and 42, after 12 h of feed and water withdrawal. Steers were vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and clostridium on d 7 and 21. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on d -7 and 4 h after concentrate supplementation on d 0, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24, 28, 35, and 42. Steers offered concentrate daily had greater ( ≤ 0.02) BW on d 42, overall ADG, and total DMI, but similar ( = 0.14) G:F, than S3 steers. On days that S7 and S3 steers were offered concentrate, total DMI was greater and hay DMI was less for S3 vs. S7 steers ( ≤ 0.05). On days that only S7 steers were supplemented, hay DMI was greater, but total DMI was less for S3 vs. S7 steers ( ≤ 0.05). Mean CP and NEg intake were greater ( ≤ 0.03) for S7 vs. S3 steers. Plasma cortisol concentrations on d 7 and 28, and mean plasma haptoglobin concentrations, but not liver mRNA expression of haptoglobin ( = 0.75), were greater for S3 vs. S7 steers ( ≤ 0.03). Plasma IGF-1 concentrations on d 0 and urea nitrogen on d 1 and 3, relative to vaccination, were greater for S7 vs. S3 steers ( ≤ 0.008). Positive seroconversion to BVDV-1b on d 42 and mean serum BVDV-1b titers were greater for S7 vs. S3 steers ( ≤ 0.05). In summary, decreasing the frequency of concentrate supplementation from daily to three times weekly, during a 42-d preconditioning period, decreased growth performance, increased plasma concentrations of haptoglobin and cortisol, and decreased vaccine-induced antibody production against BVDV-1b of beef steers.
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Moriel P, Artioli LFA, Piccolo MB, Marques RS, Poore MH, Cooke RF. Effects of timing of anabolic implant insertion on growth and immunity of recently weaned beef steers. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:3051-60. [PMID: 27482692 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of timing of estrogenic implant insertion, relative to weaning, on growth performance and measurements of innate and humoral immunity of beef calves. On d -14, Angus × Simmental crossbred steers ( = 48; BW = 217 ± 5 kg; age = 191 ± 3 d) were stratified by BW, age, and cow parity and randomly assigned to receive no implant (NOIP) or 36 mg of zeranol on d -14, 0, or 14, relative to weaning (IP-14, IP0, and IP+14, respectively; 12 steers/treatment). From d -14 to 0, cow-calf pairs remained on a single, tall-fescue pasture with no access to concentrate supplementation. Steers were weaned on d 0, stratified by treatment and BW, and then allocated into 1 of 16 drylot pens to receive daily free-choice access to a corn silage-based diet during the preconditioning phase (d 0 to 56). Steers were vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBRV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and on d -27 and 0. From d 56 to 252 (postpreconditioning phase), steers remained in their respective feedlot pens and were provided free-choice access to corn silage-based growing (d 56 to 167) and finishing total mixed rations (d 168 to 252). Body weight on d 0 did not differ among treatments ( ≥ 0.29) but was greater for IP-14 and IP0 than NOIP and IP+14 steers on d 14, 42, and 56 ( ≤ 0.05). Treatment effects were not detected for G:F and DMI from d 0 to 56 ( ≥ 0.34), but ADG from d -14 to 56 was greater for IP-14 compared to NOIP ( ≤ 0.05) and intermediate for IP0 and IP+14 steers. Plasma IGF-1 concentrations were greater for IP-14 than NOIP ( ≤ 0.05) and intermediate for IP0 and IP+14 steers on d -7, 0, 14, and 21. Plasma concentrations of cortisol and haptoglobin and serum titers against BVDV types 1a and 2 did not differ among treatments from d 0 to 56 ( ≥ 0.37). However, serum IBRV titers were greater for IP+14 than NOIP, IP-14, and IP0 steers ( ≤ 0.02). On d 252, BW was greater for IP-14 and IP0 than NOIP steers ( ≤ 0.05) and intermediate for IP+14 steers, but ADG and G:F from d 57 to 252 and carcass characteristics at slaughter did not differ among treatments ( ≥ 0.16). Thus, the 36-mg zeranol implant did not elicit an inflammatory response or affect the overall vaccine response of steers (except for IBRV titers). However, growth of steers during a 56-d preconditioning period was enhanced by administering 36-mg zeranol implant 14 d before weaning, without affecting subsequent postpreconditioning growth and carcass characteristics at slaughter.
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Klein SI, Larson QP, Bauer ML, Caton JS, Dahlen CR. Effects of alternate day feeding of dried distiller's grains plus solubles in forage-fed steers on intake, ruminal fermentation and passage rates, and serum nonesterified fatty acid. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:3959-68. [PMID: 26440176 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein steers (BW = 449 ± 7.3 kg) were used to examine the effects of feeding either dried distiller's grains plus solubles (DG) or grass hay on alternate days (every other day) on intake, ruminal fermentation and passage rates, and serum NEFA in forage-fed steers. Steers were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin square: 1) only hay (CON), 2) hay and 0.4% of BW as DG DM daily (DG7), 3) hay daily and 0.8% BW DG every other day (DG2), and 4) alternate day feeding of hay and 0.8% of BW as DG (DGA). Treatment periods consisted of 13 d of adaptation and 8 d of collecting digesta and blood. Over the entire collection period, DMI was decreased ( = 0.004) for DGA compared with other treatments (13.0 ± 0.8, 12.7 ± 0.8, 13.3 ± 0.8, and 10.9 ± 0.8 kg/d for CON, DG7, DG2, and DGA, respectively). Immediately after feeding on days supplement was fed to DG2 and DGA (supplemented days [SUP]), ruminal pH of DGA was less than other treatments but by the end of the day was greater than other treatments (treatment × time, < 0.001). At feeding time on nonsupplemented days (NSUP), ruminal pH of DGA steers was greater than other treatments but was similar (treatment × time, < 0.001) to DG2 and CON by 5 h after feeding. Total concentrations of VFA were similar ( = 0.09) among treatments on SUP; however, on NSUP, total VFA concentrations were least in DGA from feeding until 4 h after feeding (treatment × time, = 0.02). No differences ( ≥ 0.06) were observed among treatments for apparent ruminal, total intestinal, and total tract DM, OM, or CP digestibility. There were no differences ( = 0.36) in serum NEFA among treatments on SUP; however, on NSUP, steers fed DGA (209.5 ± 12.7 m) had greater ( < 0.01) NEFA compared with other treatments (84.4 ± 12.7, 88.0 ± 12.7, and 77.7 ± 12.7 m for CON, DG7, and DG2, respectively). The DGA feeding strategy influenced DMI and ruminal kinetics and circulating NEFA without impacting total tract digestibility.
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Moriel P, Artioli LFA, Poore MH, Confer AW, Marques RS, Cooke RF. Increasing the metabolizable protein supply enhanced growth performance and led to variable results on innate and humoral immune response of preconditioning beef steers. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:4473-85. [PMID: 26440347 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of MP supply on growth performance before and after preconditioning and measurements of innate and humoral immune response of beef steers following vaccination. Angus steers ( = 36; BW = 231 ± 21 kg; age = 184 ± 18 d) were weaned on d -6, stratified by BW and age on d 0, and randomly assigned to 1 of 18 drylot pens (2 steers/pen). Treatments were assigned to pens (6 pens/treatment) and consisted of corn silage-based diets formulated to provide 85%, 100%, or 115% of the daily MP requirements of a beef steer gaining 1.1 kg/d from d 0 to 42. Steers were vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV) types 1 and 2 viruses, and clostridium on d 14 and 28. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 14, 15, 17, 21, 28, 29, 30, 35, and 42. Body weight did not differ ( ≥ 0.17) among treatments from d 0 to 28. On d 42, 115% MP steers were heaviest, 100% MP steers were intermediate, and 85% MP steers were lightest ( = 0.05; 297, 290, and 278 ± 7 kg, respectively). Overall, ADG and G:F did not differ ( ≥ 0.13) between 100% and 115% MP steers and were least ( < 0.01) for 85% MP steers (1.2, 1.4, and 0.8 ± 0.07 kg/d and 0.23, 0.24, and 0.19 ± 0.008, respectively). Plasma haptoglobin (Hp) concentrations did not differ among treatments ( ≥ 0.46), whereas plasma ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations were greatest ( ≤ 0.04) for 85% MP steers, intermediate for 100% MP steers, and least for 115% MP steers on d 30, 35, and 42. Plasma cortisol concentrations were greater ( ≤ 0.03) for 85% vs. 100% and 115% MP steers on d 14 and 28. Liver mRNA expression of Cp and Hp and muscle mRNA expression of m-calpain, mammalian target of rapamycin, and ubiquitin did not differ among treatments ( ≥ 0.17). Serum neutralization titers to BVDV-1b titers were greater ( ≤ 0.02) for 115% vs. 85% and 100% MP steers on d 42 (5.8, 3.0, and 3.7 ± 0.60 log, respectively), whereas mean serum leukotoxin titers were greater for 85% vs. 100% and 115% MP steers (3.1, 2.4, and 2.5 ± 0.21 log, respectively). Preconditioning MP supply did not affect ( ≥ 0.26) ubsequent finishing growth performance and carcass characteristics. Thus, increasing MP supply from 85% to 115% of daily requirement of preconditioning beef steers had variable results on innate and humoral immune response and enhanced growth performance during a 42-d preconditioning period without affecting carcass characteristics at slaughter.
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Cappellozza BI, Cooke RF, Reis MM, Marques RS, Guarnieri Filho TA, Perry GA, Jump DB, Lytle KA, Bohnert DW. Effects of protein supplementation frequency on physiological responses associated with reproduction in beef cows. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:386-94. [PMID: 25412746 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine if frequency of protein supplementation impacts physiological responses associated with reproduction in beef cows. Fourteen nonpregnant, nonlactating beef cows were ranked by age and BW and allocated to 3 groups. Groups were assigned to a 3 × 3 Latin square design, containing 3 periods of 21 d and the following treatments: 1) soybean meal supplementation daily (D), 2) soybean meal supplementation 3 times/week (3WK), and 3) soybean meal supplementation once/week (1WK). Within each period, cows were assigned to an estrus synchronization protocol: 100 μg of GnRH + controlled internal drug release device (CIDR) containing 1.38 g of progesterone (P4) on d 1, 25 mg of PGF2α on d 8, and CIDR removal + 100 μg of GnRH on d 11. Grass-seed straw was offered for ad libitum consumption. Soybean meal was individually supplemented at a daily rate of 1 kg/cow (as-fed basis). Moreover, 3WK was supplemented on d 0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, and 18 whereas 1WK was supplemented on d 4, 11, and 18. Blood samples were collected from 0 (before) to 72 h after supplementation on d 11 and 18 and analyzed for plasma urea-N (PUN). Samples collected from 0 to 12 h were also analyzed for plasma glucose, insulin, and P4 (d 18 only). Uterine flushing fluid was collected concurrently with blood sampling at 28 h for pH evaluation. Liver biopsies were performed concurrently with blood sampling at 0, 4, and 28 h and analyzed for mRNA expression of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS-I; h 28) and CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 (h 0 and 4 on d 18). Plasma urea-N concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) for 1WK vs. 3WK from 20 to 72 h and greater (P < 0.01) for 1WK vs. D from 16 to 48 h and at 72 h after supplementation (treatment × hour interaction, P < 0.01). Moreover, PUN concentrations peaked at 28 h after supplementation for 3WK and 1WK (P < 0.01) and were greater (P < 0.01) at this time for 1WK vs. 3WK and D and for 3WK vs. D. Expression of CPS-I was greater (P < 0.01) for 1WK vs. D and 3WK. Uterine flushing pH tended (P ≤ 0.10) to be greater for 1WK vs. 3WK and D. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.15) on expression of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4, plasma glucose, and P4 concentrations, whereas plasma insulin concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.03) in D and 3WK vs. 1WK. Hence, decreasing frequency of protein supplementation did not reduce uterine flushing pH or plasma P4 concentrations, which are known to impact reproduction in beef cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Cappellozza
- Oregon State University, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns 97720
| | - R F Cooke
- Oregon State University, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns 97720
| | - M M Reis
- Oregon State University, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns 97720
| | - R S Marques
- Oregon State University, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns 97720
| | - T A Guarnieri Filho
- Oregon State University, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns 97720 Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Botucatu, SP, Brazil, 18618-970
| | - G A Perry
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - D B Jump
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - K A Lytle
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - D W Bohnert
- Oregon State University, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns 97720
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Moriel P, Johnson SE, Vendramini JMB, McCann MA, Gerrard DE, Mercadante VRG, Hersom MJ, Arthington JD. Effects of calf weaning age and subsequent management systems on growth performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:3598-609. [PMID: 24948652 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brahman × British crossbred steers (n = 40 and 38 in yr 1 and 2, respectively) were used to evaluate the effects of calf management systems following early weaning (EW) on growth performance, muscle gene expression, and carcass characteristics. On the day of EW (d 0), steers were stratified by BW and age (95 ± 14 kg; 74 ± 14 d) and randomly assigned to a control treatment that was normally weaned (NW) on d 180 (n = 10 steers/yr) or to 1 of 3 EW treatments: 1) EW and limit fed a high-concentrate diet at 3.5% of BW (as-fed basis) in drylot until d 180 (EW180; n = 10 steers/yr), 2) EW and limit fed a high-concentrate diet at 3.5% of BW (as-fed basis) in drylot until d 90 and then grazed on bahiagrass pastures until d 180 (EW90; n = 10 steers/yr), or 3) EW and grazed on annual ryegrass pastures until d 60 (yr 1; n = 10 steers) or 90 (yr 2; n = 8 steers) and then on bahiagrass pastures until d 180 (EWRG). Early-weaned steers on ryegrass and bahiagrass pastures were supplemented with high-concentrate diet at 1.0% of BW (as-fed basis) until d 180. From d 180 to 270 (yr 1), all EW steers remained in their respective treatments, whereas NW steers were provided high-concentrate diet at 1.0% of BW (as-fed basis) on bahiagrass pastures. In yr 1, feedlot finishing period began on d 270. In yr 2, the study was terminated on d 180. In both years, EW180 steers were heaviest (P < 0.0001) on d 180. On d 180 of yr 1, EWRG steers were lightest (P < 0.0001) and EW90 steers were heavier (P = 0.05) than NW steers, whereas EW90, EWRG, and NW steers had similar BW on d 180 of yr 2 (P ≥ 0.14). On d 90, muscle PPARγ mRNA expression tended (P = 0.07) to be greater for EW180 steers and was greater (P = 0.008) for EW90 vs. EWRG steers but similar (P = 0.25) between EW180 and NW steers. On d 180, PPARγ mRNA was greater (P ≤ 0.06) for EW180 vs. NW, EW90, and EWRG steers. From d 274 to 302, EW180 steers had the least ADG (P ≤ 0.09), whereas EW90 steers had similar (P = 0.19) ADG compared with EWRG steers but greater (P = 0.03) ADG than NW steers. At slaughter, carcass characteristics did not differ (P ≥ 0.22) among treatments. In summary, EW steers provided a high-concentrate diet in drylot for at least 90 d were heavier at the time of normal weaning than NW steers and EW steers grazed on ryegrass pastures for 60 to 90 d and supplemented with concentrate at 1.0% of BW. Feeding a high-concentrate diet immediately after EW enhanced the muscle PPARγ expression but did not enhance marbling at slaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moriel
- North Carolina State University, Mountain Research Station, Waynesville 28786
| | - S E Johnson
- Virginia Tech University, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg 24061
| | - J M B Vendramini
- University of Florida - IFAS, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona 33865
| | - M A McCann
- Virginia Tech University, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg 24061
| | - D E Gerrard
- Virginia Tech University, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg 24061
| | - V R G Mercadante
- University of Florida - IFAS, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona 33865
| | - M J Hersom
- University of Florida - IFAS, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona 33865
| | - J D Arthington
- University of Florida - IFAS, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona 33865
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Eler JP, Bignardi AB, Ferraz JBS, Santana ML. Genetic relationships among traits related to reproduction and growth of Nelore females. Theriogenology 2014; 82:708-14. [PMID: 25023297 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study presented here was to analyze the genetic relationships among heifer pregnancy (HP), age at first calving (AFC), stayability (STAY), average annual productivity of the cow, in kilograms of weaned calf per cow per year (PRODAM), postweaning weight gain (PWG), and hip height (HH) of Nelore females from 12 Brazilian herds. (Co)variance components were obtained by six-trait animal model using Gibbs sampling. The posterior mean of the heritability estimates were 0.37, 0.18, 0.19, 0.16, 0.21, and 0.37 for HP, AFC, STAY, PRODAM, PWG, and HH, respectively. In general, the genetic correlations were strong between traits related to reproduction, for example, -0.85 between HP and AFC, and 0.94 between STAY and PRODAM. Weak genetic correlations were obtained between reproductive and growth traits (absolute values ranging from 0.02 to 0.30). Although weak, the genetic correlations between PWG and reproductive traits were favorable, whereas the genetic correlations between HH and reproductive traits were close to zero and slightly unfavorable for HP, AFC, and STAY. An increase of HH is therefore expected to have little or no negative effect on the reproductive performance of females. The posterior mean of genetic correlation between PWG and HH was moderate (0.50). On the basis of the heritability, genetic correlation estimates, and time to obtain data, HP and PRODAM seems to show the best potential as selection criteria to improve the productive and reproductive performance of Nelore females. In principle, it is possible to select for increased PWG without compromising the reproduction of Nelore females. However, selection for PWG may result in an increase of female HH as a correlated response, a fact that could increase management costs in advanced generations of selection. In the light of the results, all traits studied here can be used as selection criteria and there is no strong evidence of genetic antagonism among traits related to reproduction and growth of Nelore females.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Eler
- Grupo de Melhoramento Animal e Biotecnologia (GMAB), Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - A B Bignardi
- Grupo de Melhoramento Animal de Mato Grosso (GMAT), Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Campus Universitário de Rondonópolis, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil
| | - J B S Ferraz
- Grupo de Melhoramento Animal e Biotecnologia (GMAB), Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - M L Santana
- Grupo de Melhoramento Animal de Mato Grosso (GMAT), Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Campus Universitário de Rondonópolis, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil.
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Klein SI, Steichen PL, Islas A, Goulart RS, Gilbery TC, Bauer ML, Swanson KC, Dahlen CR. Effects of alternate-day feeding of dried distiller's grain plus solubles to forage-fed beef cows in mid- to late gestation1. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:2677-85. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. I. Klein
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108
| | - P. L. Steichen
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108
| | - A. Islas
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108
| | - R. S. Goulart
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108
| | - T. C. Gilbery
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108
| | - M. L. Bauer
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108
| | - K. C. Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108
| | - C. R. Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108
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43
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Samadi F, Blache D, Martin G, D’Occhio M. Nutrition, metabolic profiles and puberty in Brahman (Bos indicus) beef heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 146:134-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Moriel P, Johnson SE, Vendramini JMB, Mercadante VRG, Hersom MJ, Arthington JD. Effects of calf weaning age and subsequent management system on growth and reproductive performance of beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:3096-107. [PMID: 24778338 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brahman × British crossbred heifers (n = 40 and 38 heifers in yr 1 and 2, respectively) were used to evaluate the effects of calf weaning age and subsequent management system on growth and reproductive performance. On d 0, heifers were ranked by BW (89 ± 16 kg) and age (72 ± 13 d) and randomly assigned to a conventional management group that was normally weaned on d 180 (NW; n = 10 heifers annually) or early weaned (EW) on d 0 and 1) limit fed a high-concentrate diet at 3.5% of BW (as fed) in drylot until d 180 (EW180; n = 10 heifers annually), 2) limit fed a high-concentrate diet at 3.5% of BW (as fed) in drylot until d 90, then grazed on Bahiagrass pastures until d 180 (EW90; n = 10 heifers annually), or 3) grazed on annual ryegrass pastures until d 60 (yr 1; n = 10 heifers) or 90 (yr 2; n = 8 heifers), then on Bahiagrass pastures until d 180 (EWRG). On d 180, all heifers were grouped by treatment and rotated on Bahiagrass pastures until d 390. Grazing heifers were supplemented at 1.0% BW until d 180 and at 1.5% BW from d 180 to 390. From d 0 to 90, EW180 and EW90 heifers were heavier (P ≤ 0.02) than NW and EWRG heifers, whereas NW heifers tended (P = 0.09) to be heavier on d 90 than EWRG heifers. In yr 1 and 2, EW180 heifers were heaviest (P < 0.0001) on d 180. In yr 1, EWRG heifers were lightest (P < 0.0001), whereas EW90 and NW heifers had similar BW (P = 0.58). Conversely, EW90, EWRG, and NW heifers achieved similar BW on d 180 of yr 2 (P ≥ 0.18). Positive correlations were detected (P ≤ 0.05) between liver IGF-1 mRNA abundance on d 90 and ADG from d 0 to 90 and between liver IGF-1 mRNA abundance on d 180 and ADG from d 90 to 180. The EW180 heifers were youngest (P ≤ 0.01) at puberty. From d 260 to 340, the percentage of pubertal heifers was greater (P ≤ 0.03) for EW90 vs. NW heifers but did not differ (P ≥ 0.15) between EWRG and NW heifers. The ADG from d 0 to 90 and the plasma IGF-1 on d 90 and 180 explained approximately 34% of the variability in age at puberty. In summary, the EW90 and EW180 heifer management systems evaluated in this study altered the BW at the time of NW and were good alternatives for anticipating puberty achievement compared to NW heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moriel
- Mountain Research Station, North Carolina State University, Waynesville 28786
| | - S E Johnson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - J M B Vendramini
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Ona 33865
| | - V R G Mercadante
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Ona 33865
| | - M J Hersom
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Ona 33865
| | - J D Arthington
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Ona 33865
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45
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Higher feeding diets effects on age and liveweight gain at puberty in crossbred Nelore × Hereford heifers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 46:953-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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46
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Waterman RC, Caton JS, Löest CA, Petersen MK, Roberts AJ. Beef Species Symposium: an assessment of the 1996 Beef NRC: metabolizable protein supply and demand and effectiveness of model performance prediction of beef females within extensive grazing systems. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:2785-99. [PMID: 24398839 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interannual variation of forage quantity and quality driven by precipitation events influence beef livestock production systems within the Southern and Northern Plains and Pacific West, which combined represent 60% (approximately 17.5 million) of the total beef cows in the United States. The beef cattle requirements published by the NRC are an important tool and excellent resource for both professionals and producers to use when implementing feeding practices and nutritional programs within the various production systems. The objectives of this paper include evaluation of the 1996 Beef NRC model in terms of effectiveness in predicting extensive range beef cow performance within arid and semiarid environments using available data sets, identifying model inefficiencies that could be refined to improve the precision of predicting protein supply and demand for range beef cows, and last, providing recommendations for future areas of research. An important addition to the current Beef NRC model would be to allow users to provide region-specific forage characteristics and the ability to describe supplement composition, amount, and delivery frequency. Beef NRC models would then need to be modified to account for the N recycling that occurs throughout a supplementation interval and the impact that this would have on microbial efficiency and microbial protein supply. The Beef NRC should also consider the role of ruminal and postruminal supply and demand of specific limiting AA. Additional considerations should include the partitioning effects of nitrogenous compounds under different physiological production stages (e.g., lactation, pregnancy, and periods of BW loss). The intent of information provided is to aid revision of the Beef NRC by providing supporting material for changes and identifying gaps in existing scientific literature where future research is needed to enhance the predictive precision and application of the Beef NRC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Waterman
- USDA-ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Miles City, MT 59301-4016
| | - J S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108-6050
| | - C A Löest
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003-8003
| | - M K Petersen
- USDA-ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Miles City, MT 59301-4016
| | - A J Roberts
- USDA-ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Miles City, MT 59301-4016
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47
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Heifer fertility and carry over consequences for life time production in dairy and beef cattle. Animal 2014; 8 Suppl 1:91-104. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Welch CM, Thornton KJ, Murdoch GK, Chapalamadugu KC, Schneider CS, Ahola JK, Hall JB, Price WJ, Hill RA. An examination of the association of serum IGF-I concentration, potential candidate genes, and fiber type composition with variation in residual feed intake in progeny of Red Angus sires divergent for maintenance energy EPD1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:5626-36. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Welch
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - K. J. Thornton
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - G. K. Murdoch
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - K. C. Chapalamadugu
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - C. S. Schneider
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - J. K. Ahola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523
| | - J. B. Hall
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - W. J. Price
- Statistical Programs, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - R. A. Hill
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
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49
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Moriel P, Arthington JD. Metabolizable protein supply modulated the acute-phase response following vaccination of beef steers. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:5838-47. [PMID: 24085408 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the effects of MP supply, through RUP supplementation, on the acute-phase response of beef steers following vaccination. On d 0, Brangus-crossbred steers (n = 24; 173 ± 31 kg; 175 ± 16 d of age) were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 isocaloric diets formulated to provide 85, 100, and 115% of the daily MP requirements of a beef steer gaining 0.66 kg of BW daily. Diets were limit-fed at 1.8% of BW (DM basis) and individually provided to steers once daily (0800 h) from d 0 to 29. Steers were weighed on d 0 and 29, following a 12-h period of feed and water withdrawal. On d 7, steers were vaccinated against Mannheimia haemolytica (OneShot, Pfizer), and blood samples were collected on d 0, 7, 8, 10, 14, 21, and 30. Plasma metabolites were analyzed as repeated measures using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Final BW and ADG were similar (P ≥ 0.50) among treatments (mean = 184 ± 9 kg and 0.5 ± 0.08 kg/d, respectively). Effects of time were detected (P < 0.01) for plasma concentrations of all acute-phase proteins, which peaked between d 7 to 14, returning to baseline concentrations by d 29. Treatment effects were not detected (P ≥ 0.19) for plasma concentrations of acid-soluble protein, albumin, fibrinogen, IGF-1 and serum amyloid-A. Plasma concentrations of total protein (TP) and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) increased (P ≤ 0.05) with increasing supply of MP (87.1, 89.6, and 90.1 ± 1.09 mg TP/mL and 6.1, 8.3, and 10.3 ± 0.41 mg PUN/dL for 85, 100, and 115% MP steers, respectively). From d 10 to 29, steers provided 115% MP had less (P < 0.001) plasma concentrations of ceruloplasmin than steers fed 85 and 100% MP, which had similar plasma ceruloplasmin concentrations. On d 14, plasma concentrations of haptoglobin were greatest (P ≤ 0.06) for steers fed 115% MP, intermediate for 100% MP, and least for 85% MP (0.98, 0.71 and 0.44 ± 0.099 mg/mL, respectively). On d 10, plasma concentrations of creatinine were greater (P = 0.01) for steers fed 115 vs. 85% MP, and intermediate for steers fed 100% MP (1.63, 1.28, and 1.50 ± 0.099 mg/dL, respectively). Thus, steers provided increasing metabolizable protein had greater plasma concentrations of haptoglobin, creatinine, total protein and PUN following vaccination against M. haemolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moriel
- University of Florida-IFAS, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona 33865
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50
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Mulliniks JT, Hawkins DE, Kane KK, Cox SH, Torell LA, Scholljegerdes EJ, Petersen MK. Metabolizable protein supply while grazing dormant winter forage during heifer development alters pregnancy and subsequent in-herd retention rate. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:1409-16. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. T. Mulliniks
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003
| | - D. E. Hawkins
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003
| | - K. K. Kane
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003
| | - S. H. Cox
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003
| | - L. A. Torell
- Department of Agricultural Economics, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003
| | - E. J. Scholljegerdes
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003
| | - M. K. Petersen
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003
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