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Imtiaz S, Batubara EM, Abuelgasim MH, Alabad MM, Alyousef LM, Alqahtani NH, Sabbagh AY, Alharbi FA, Ibrahim AS. Long-term outcome of pulmonary involvement in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: The role of high-resolution computed tomography and functional status - A prospective single-center observational study. Ann Thorac Med 2024; 19:147-154. [PMID: 38766376 PMCID: PMC11100471 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_191_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since its first outbreak, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a great deal of published literature highlighting the short-term determinants of morbidity and mortality. Recently, several studies have reported radiological and functional sequelae from 3 months to 1 year among hospitalized COVID-19 survivors; however, long-term (more than 1 year) respiratory consequences in this population remain to be evaluated. OBJECTIVE To assess the long-term radiological and pulmonary function outcomes of patients with COVID-19 2 years after resolution of the initial infection. METHODS Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe disease who survived acute illness were included in this prospective and partially retrospective study. Clinical assessment, laboratory tests, high-resolution computed tomography scans, and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed at baseline, followed by radiological and lung function assessments at 6 and 24 months. RESULTS Among 106 enrolled participants (mean age 62 ± 13.5 years; males: 61), 44 (41.5%) and 27 (25.4%) underwent radiological assessment at 6 and 24 months, respectively. Overall, 22.6% (24) of patients had residual radiological abnormalities. Overt fibrosis was observed in 12.2% of patients. Computed tomography disease severity and extent diminished significantly at 6 (13 ± 6, P < 0.001) and 24 months (11 ± 6, P < 0.001) from baseline. PFTs were performed in 65 (61.3%), 22 (20.7%), and 34 (32%) patients at baseline, 6 and 24 months, respectively. Impaired diffusion capacity (median diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide: 60%, interquartile range [IQR]: 51-80), restrictive lung defect (mean total lung capacity: 73.4% ± 18% predicted), and reduced exercise tolerance (median 6-min walk distance: 360 m, IQR: 210-400) were the predominant features at baseline. With the exception of exercise tolerance, a statistically significant improvement was observed in lung function parameters at the extended follow-up (2 years). CONCLUSIONS Hospitalized COVID-19 survivors are at increased risk of developing long-term pulmonary complications, including lung fibrosis. A protocol-based approach to the management of post-COVID-19 patients is mandatory to improve future outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Imtiaz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas M Batubara
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Abuelgasim
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahdi M Alabad
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nayef H Alqahtani
- Department of Radio-Diagnostics and Medical Imaging, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Y Sabbagh
- Department of Radio-Diagnostics and Medical Imaging, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz A Alharbi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Ibrahim
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alahmari AA, Khan AA, Alamri FA, Almuzaini YS, Habash AK, Jokhdar H. Healthcare policies, precautionary measures and outcomes of mass gathering events in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: Expedited review. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17 Suppl 1:27-33. [PMID: 37059635 PMCID: PMC10049799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, several countries suspended or restricted mass gathering (MG) events to mitigate the risk of superspreading events. Prohibiting MGs aimed to lessen the likelihood of highly infectious persons coming into close contact with many others. Now that the world has opened its doors wide and removed most of precautionary measures, many questions arise. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current evidence regarding the policies and regulations that were implemented for the safe return of MG events. Besides, we highlighted the impact of the return of MG events during 2021 on the trajectory of COVID-19 spread. Canceling MG events can carry religious, societal, economic, and public negative consequences necessitating the safe return of these events. The experience with the COVID-19 pandemic was the foundation for the recommendations for the safe conduction of MG events during the pandemic by international public health bodies. When policymakers adequately applied precautionary measures and strategic approaches, we witnessed the safe holding of huge MG events without aggravating the COVID-19 situation or increasing the number of new cases beyond the capacity and readiness of the national healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Alahmari
- Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas A Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Alamri
- Global Centre of Mass Gatherings Medicine, Family Medicine, Primary Health Centre, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yasir S Almuzaini
- Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia K Habash
- Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Jokhdar
- Deputyship of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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El Kheir DYM, Alghamdi AZ, Alaali AM, Alswiket HM, AlSaffar HM, Alalwiat FM. Are we well prepared for public health emergencies? COVID-19 pandemic effect on cancer care in Saudi Arabia: A qualitative study. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:412-416. [PMID: 38262077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted healthcare systems worldwide, raising concerns about its impact on cancer patients' access to healthcare services. This study aims to explore the experiences of cancer patients and assess effect of restrictions, delays, and changes in healthcare delivery on their health. METHODS A qualitative study was performed through individual interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) with cancer patients and key informants (KI). Participants with different cancer types, treatment stages, and residency regions in Saudi Arabia were recruited. Thematic analysis identified four major themes: access to healthcare services; impact on appointments, diagnosis, and treatment; healthcare delivery; and cancer condition deterioration due to the pandemic. RESULTS Cancer patients reported variable responses to the pandemic and its effects on their healthcare seeking behavior. Several patients faced challenges in accessing healthcare services and experienced difficulties in continuing their treatment, others encountered obstacles in seeking timely diagnosis and care. Lockdown measures and travel restrictions posed barriers, affecting patients' ability to reach treatment centers. Delays in appointments, diagnosis, and treatment were also reported. In contrast, some participants did not report any negative impact but received improved care and condition prioritization. Healthcare delivery underwent a shift towards virtual appointments, online access to lab results and medication's home delivery service. Despite these adaptations, a small group of participants experienced health deterioration due to delays in treatment and difficulties in reaching their treating physicians. CONCLUSION COVID-19 pandemic has had a multifaceted impact on cancer patients. Some participants faced challenges such as care delays and disruptions in accessing healthcare services. Yet others reported positive experiences such as improved communication and utilization of new healthcare delivery modalities. These findings underscore the need for resilient and adaptable healthcare systems to safeguard the well-being of cancer patients in times of crises and public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Yahia M El Kheir
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alnouf Zayed Alghamdi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Mohammed Alaali
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Mohammed Alswiket
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoor Mohammad AlSaffar
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Mohammed Alalwiat
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Bashatah L, Aseri S, Al-Rawi MBA. Assessment of the Mental, Social, and Educational Impact of the COVID-19 Quarantine and Predictors: A Survey-Based- Study from Saudi Parents. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:317-328. [PMID: 38333628 PMCID: PMC10849916 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s448194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Quarantine has had a powerful effect on parents and children in Saudi Arabia in different aspects, namely, educational, mental, and social. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the mental, social, and educational impact of the COVID-19 Quarantine and its predictors among Saudi parents. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out over 6 months in 2020 using structured questionnaires with 42 items, detailing pre-quarantine assistance with childcare, followed by mental, educational, and social challenges answered using a 5-point Likert scale and the factors affecting their children's learning at home during the COVID-19 quarantine. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. Results A response rate of 79.5% (n=831) was obtained. Mental challenges were experienced the most, and 68.1% of the parents worried about their children being infected with COVID-19. This was followed by the educational challenges related to their children's online learning, with 61.2% of the parents attributing it to their children's low motivation towards online learning. The mean score for the education domain was 31.14(±7.02). Similarly, the mean score for the mental impact and social impact was 33.13(±7.82) and 12.81(±2.98). The results of the multiple linear regression analysis revealed participants' gender was found significantly associated with the mean score of the educational domain (p = 0.010). Conclusion Social challenges were experienced the least, and parents confirmed that quarantine had helped them strengthen their family relations. Most participants agreed that they had fun spending time with both their partners and children. It is recommended to implement online remote activities and services that assist students and professionals in addressing pandemic concerns, such as virtual group exercise, virtual movie nights, and virtual office hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Bashatah
- Early Childhood Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safana Aseri
- Early Childhood Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Basil A Al-Rawi
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alhraiwil NJ, Alghaith L, Alharbi W, AlAjaji S, Alhumaid A, Aldossary MS. Mobilizing a Kingdom During a Pandemic: The Health Marketing Campaigns Applied by the Saudi Ministry of Health to Promote (COVID-19) Vaccine Confidence and Uptake. Cureus 2024; 16:e53734. [PMID: 38455787 PMCID: PMC10919942 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy is threatening the global intended herd immunity. Social marketing integration rocketed in promoting public health through awareness campaigns. Saudi Arabia was one of the countries that used social marketing to promote COVID-19 vaccinations for all age groups through successive campaigns. This study aims to describe the content of the campaigns held by the Saudi Ministry of Health to promote COVID-19 vaccine uptake. METHODS A track's working strategy was created to contain COVID-19 spread in Saudi Arabia followed by a vaccination track. Six tracks were maintained over six months extended from June 2020 to December 2020. As a result, different campaigns were launched, and key performance indicators were identified and collected. Data from campaigns and key indicators were collected to determine outreach and impact. RESULTS Five campaigns were initiated receiving high interactions from governmental entities and the public. The individuals' percentage who received full vaccination doses and booster vaccinations increased. Moreover, the last campaign promoting vaccinations in children achieved a 60% willingness rate among adults to vaccinate their children. CONCLUSION COVID-19 awareness campaigns achieved successful outcomes in Saudi Arabia and currently the Kingdom sustained higher vaccination proportions than the average vaccination attainment worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lamay Alghaith
- Communication, Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Walid Alharbi
- Communication, Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sarah AlAjaji
- Communication, Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Anas Alhumaid
- Communication, Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health, Riyadh, SAU
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El-Jardali F, Fadlallah R, Daher N. Multi-sectoral collaborations in selected countries of the Eastern Mediterranean region: assessment, enablers and missed opportunities from the COVID-19 pandemic response. Health Res Policy Syst 2024; 22:14. [PMID: 38267995 PMCID: PMC10807098 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-023-01098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emphasized the importance of multi-sectoral collaboration to respond effectively to public health emergencies. This study aims to generate evidence on the extent to which multi-sectoral collaborations have been employed in the macro-level responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in nine selected countries of the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). METHODS The study employed in-depth analytical research design and was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, data were collected using a comprehensive documentation review. In the second phase, key informant interviews were conducted to validate findings from the first phase and gain additional insights into key barriers and facilitators. We analysed the macro-level pandemic responses across the following seven components of the analytical framework for multi-sectoral collaborations: (1) context and trigger; (2) leadership, institutional mechanisms and processes; (3) actors; (4) administration, funding and evaluation; (5) degree of multi-sectoral engagement; (6) impact; and (7) enabling factors. RESULTS Governments in the EMR have responded differently to the pandemic, with variations in reaction speed and strictness of implementation. While inter-ministerial committees were identified as the primary mechanism through which multi-sectoral action was established and implemented in the selected countries, there was a lack of clarity on how they functioned, particularly regarding the closeness of the cooperation and the working methods. Coordination structures lacked a clear mandate, joint costed action plan, sufficient resources and regular reporting on commitments. Furthermore, there was no evidence of robust communication planning both internally, focused on promoting internal consensual decision-making and managing power dynamics, and externally, concerning communication with the public. Across the selected countries, there was strong representation of different ministries in the pandemic response. Conversely, the contribution of non-state actors, including non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations, the private sector, the media and citizens, was relatively modest. Their involvement was more ad hoc, fragmented and largely self-initiated, particularly within the selected middle- and low income- countries of the EMR. Moreover, none of the countries incorporated explicit accountability framework or included anti-corruption and counter-fraud measures as integral components of their multi-sectoral plans and coordination mechanisms. Key enablers for the adoption of multi-sectoral collaborations have been identified, paving the way for more efficient responses in the future. DISCUSSION Mirroring global efforts, this study demonstrates that the selected countries in the EMR are making efforts to integrate multi-sectoral action into their pandemic responses. Nevertheless, persistent challenges and gaps remain, presenting untapped opportunities that governments can leverage to enhance the efficiency of future public health emergency responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi El-Jardali
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Knowledge to Policy (K2P) Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Racha Fadlallah
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Knowledge to Policy (K2P) Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Najla Daher
- Knowledge to Policy (K2P) Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Zuccarelli J, Seaman L, Rader K. Assessing the Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on Consumer Mobility Patterns and COVID-19 Transmission in the US. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:67. [PMID: 38248532 PMCID: PMC10815148 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The initial outbreak of COVID-19 during late December 2019 and the subsequent global pandemic markedly changed consumer mobility patterns worldwide, largely in response to government-ordered non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). In this study, we investigate these changes as they relate to the initial spread of COVID-19 within two states-Massachusetts and Michigan. Specifically, we use linear and generalized linear mixed-effects models to quantify the relationship between four NPIs and individuals' point-of-sale (POS) credit card transactions, as well as the relationship between subsequent changes in POS transactions and county-level COVID-19 case growth rates. Our analysis reveals a significant negative association between NPIs and daily POS transactions, particularly a dose-response relationship, in which stringent workplace closures, stay-at-home requirements, and gathering restrictions were all associated with decreased POS transactions. We also uncover a significant positive association between 12-day lagged changes in POS transactions compared to pre-pandemic baselines and county-level COVID-19 case growth rates. Overall, our study supports previous findings that early NPIs reduced human mobility and COVID-19 transmission in the US, providing policymakers with quantitative evidence concerning the effectiveness of NPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zuccarelli
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Laura Seaman
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Kevin Rader
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
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Algahtani H, Shirah B, Hachinski V. Primordial and Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke in Saudi Arabia: A Combination Approach and Evolving Concepts. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 12:1-9. [PMID: 38362089 PMCID: PMC10866385 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_62_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a considerable public health hazard and a significant cause of disability and mortality in Saudi Arabia. Primary prevention strategies in the country are currently limited. With the health sector transformation program that depends on the principles of value-based care and applying the new model of care in disease prevention, aggressive and serious steps for primary stroke prevention are expected to be implemented. This article reviews primordial and primary prevention of ischemic stroke in Saudi Arabia and suggests a combination approach and framework for implementation. We provide a pragmatic solution to implement primordial and primary stroke prevention in Saudi Arabia and specify the roles of the government, health professionals, policymakers, and the entire population. Currently, there are several key priorities for primordial and primary stroke prevention in Saudi Arabia that should target people at different levels of risk. These include an emphasis on a comprehensive approach that includes both individual and population-based strategies and establishing partnerships across health-care providers to share responsibility for developing and implementing both strategies. This is an urgent call for action to initiate different strategies suggested by experts for primary stroke prevention in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bader Shirah
- Department of Neuroscience, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir Hachinski
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Elbadawi LS. The Effect of COVID-19 on Dental Education in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e49721. [PMID: 38161942 PMCID: PMC10757559 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to comprehensively explore and evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental education as perceived by dental students in Saudi Arabia. METHODS Data were collected through a validated questionnaire from dental students at three universities. Demographic variables and students' experiences with online learning were examined. Statistical analysis involved one-way ANOVA and descriptive statistics. RESULTS A total of 681 dental students participated, with a predominant male representation (76.8%). Statistically significant differences were found in the overall dental education experience, quality of education, and satisfaction with online dental education (p < 0.01). Group disparities were identified in specific aspects of online learning and concerns about losing clinical skills due to the pandemic lockdown. Variations were observed in satisfaction with compensatory measures for suspended clinics and perceived clinical skills acquired during COVID-19. The adoption of precautionary measures, such as N95 masks (36.1%) and face shields (42%), varied among students. Notably, only 36.9% reported seeing one patient per session. CONCLUSION This study reveals the many challenges faced by dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. While overall satisfaction was low, specific aspects like evening lectures received positive feedback. Concerns about clinical skills and varied responses to compensatory measures indicate the need for targeted interventions. Continuous monitoring of student experiences is crucial, and future research should delve into factors influencing satisfaction and long-term implications on clinical skills development.
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Almugti HS, Aldeghalbey AA, Swaif KA, Alrashdi HH, Mahdi EM, Alharbi MB, Alsaidi AS, Algathradi NY, Alanazi SM, Alsalameh NS, Kariri A, Alasmari EA, Alqarni KA, Asiri EJ, Alhasan JH. Saudi Health System and Health Security Structure: A Scope Review Study Addressing the National Need for Governing the Health Security. Cureus 2023; 15:e47376. [PMID: 38021861 PMCID: PMC10659570 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Health security has gained significant attention at the national and global levels, "security" is not a simple term; instead, it is "essentially contested" - that is, it induces debates about what it means and how to use it. This study aimed to define three terms frequently used in health security discussions. These terms are national health security, Global Health Security, and public health. The research method was a scoping review performed in three stages. The first stage was electronic searching based on selection criteria among multiple sources at various time points during the year 2023. These sources included online literature searches, websites of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and other governmental health agencies. The second stage involved determining the relevance of the selected papers to the study's objectives; the selected papers had moderate to high relevance to the study's objectives. The third stage was to evaluate the methodological quality of a study; we selected peer-reviewed published papers and websites recognized as trustworthy sources of information. The search yielded 143 articles; five met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to the definition of health security. Despite proposed definitions, agreement has yet to be reached on the content and scope of health security. Another main finding is that health security requires more state and international collaboration efforts to reach Global Health Security. To the best of our knowledge, no known government body or organization is responsible for governing health security in Saudi Arabia. However, the current study presents a definition of health security and differentiates it from the public health approach, in addition to emphasizing the importance of governing the related health sectors within each country in order to improve health security and have a positive impact on overall Global Health Security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani S Almugti
- Primary Health Care, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Khadijah A Swaif
- Prehospitalisation Department, Hospital Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital, Dhahran, SAU
| | - Hind H Alrashdi
- Molecular Biology Department, Jeddah Regional Laboratory, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | | | - Abrar S Alsaidi
- Laboratory Medicine, Jeddah Regional Laboratory, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Salwa M Alanazi
- Family Medicine, Aldefea Primary Health Care Center, Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, SAU
| | | | - Atyaf Kariri
- Medicine, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU
| | - Enas A Alasmari
- Research and Studies Department, Directorate of Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Khalid A Alqarni
- Emergency Department, Thuryban General Hospital, Al Qunfudhah, SAU
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Aljaadi AM, Bogis RJ, Alruhili NA, Alharbi SO, Noorwali EA. Stress during Home Confinement Is Associated with Eating Misalignment among Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown. Nutrients 2023; 15:4018. [PMID: 37764800 PMCID: PMC10536564 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic forced Saudi Arabia to implement several measures including mandatory home confinement, banning entry to many cities, and suspending religious activities. Studies have reported inconsistent findings of the effect of home confinement on lifestyle factors. This study aims to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 during home confinement and explore its association with dietary habits and weight change. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among Saudi adults using an online survey between May and June 2020. Data on dietary habits, sleep quality, and stress were collected. RESULTS A total of n = 503 participants responded. Of 254 analyzed, 87% were females, 49% were overweight/obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2), and 79% were under lockdown for >40 days. In multiple linear regression, higher stress scores during confinement were associated with higher stress scores before confinement and poorer sleep quality. In multiple logistic regression, those who did not eat at the same time had higher stress scores compared to those who always ate at the same time, whereas consuming ≥three meals was associated with lower stress scores than consuming one-two meals. The odds of gaining weight during confinement were higher among married adults, those with lower sleep quality, and consuming ≥three meals. CONCLUSIONS Stress during home confinement was associated with eating misalignment and the number of meals consumed. Although this study was limited by its cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported data, it provides valuable insights into the dietary habits and weight-gain associated factors that need to be further explored and addressed in any future restrictions for improved well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M. Aljaadi
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia (E.A.N.)
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Almuqbil M, Almoteer AI, Suwayyid AM, Bakarman AH, Alrashed RF, Alrobish M, Alasalb F, Alhusaynan AA, Alnefaie MH, Altayar AS, Alobid SE, Almadani ME, Alshehri A, Alghamdi A, Asdaq SMB. Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit in Multispecialty Hospital of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2500. [PMID: 37761697 PMCID: PMC10530388 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, infection rates were high and symptoms were severe. Medical resources, including healthcare experts and hospital facilities, were put to the test to ensure their readiness to deal with this unique event. An intensive care unit (ICU) is expected to be required by many hospitalized patients. Many hospitals worldwide lacked resources during the pandemic's peak stages, particularly in critical care treatment. Because of this, there were issues with capacity, as well as an excessive influx of patients. Additionally, even though the research location provides medical care to a sizable population, there is a paucity of scientific data detailing the situation as it pertains to COVID-19 patients during the height of the outbreak. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and describe the features of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the ICU of one of the multispecialty hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. An observational retrospective study was conducted using a chart review of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU between March 2020 and December 2020. To characterize the patients, descriptive statistics were utilized. An exploratory multivariate regression analysis was carried out on the study cohort to investigate the factors that were shown to be predictors of death and intubation. Only 333 (29.33%) of the 1135 samples from the hospital's medical records were used for the final analysis and interpretation. More than 76% of the patients in the study were male, with a mean BMI of 22.07 and an average age of around 49 years. The most frequent chronic condition found among the patients who participated in the study was diabetes (39.34%), followed by hypertension (31.53%). At the time of admission, 63 of the total 333 patients needed to have intubation performed. In total, 22 of the 333 patients died while undergoing therapy. People with both diabetes and hypertension had a 7.85-fold higher risk of death, whereas those with only diabetes or hypertension had a 5.43-fold and 4.21-fold higher risk of death, respectively. At admission, intubation was necessary for many male patients (49 out of 63). Most intubated patients had hypertension, diabetes, or both conditions. Only 13 of the 63 patients who had been intubated died, with the vast majority being extubated. Diabetes and hypertension were significant contributors to the severity of illness experienced by COVID-19 participants. The presence of multiple comorbidities had the highest risk for intubation and mortality among ICU-admitted patients. Although more intubated patients died, the fatality rate was lower than in other countries due to enhanced healthcare management at the ICU of the study center. However, large-scale trials are needed to determine how effective various strategies were in preventing ICU admission, intubation, and death rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Almuqbil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Ibrahim Almoteer
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.A.); (A.M.S.); (A.H.B.); (R.F.A.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Alwaleed Mohammed Suwayyid
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.A.); (A.M.S.); (A.H.B.); (R.F.A.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Abdulaziz Hussain Bakarman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.A.); (A.M.S.); (A.H.B.); (R.F.A.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Raed Fawaz Alrashed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.A.); (A.M.S.); (A.H.B.); (R.F.A.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Majed Alrobish
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.A.); (A.M.S.); (A.H.B.); (R.F.A.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Fahad Alasalb
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.A.); (A.M.S.); (A.H.B.); (R.F.A.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Abdulaziz Abdulrahman Alhusaynan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.A.); (A.M.S.); (A.H.B.); (R.F.A.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Mohammed Hadi Alnefaie
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.A.); (A.M.S.); (A.H.B.); (R.F.A.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Abdullah Saud Altayar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.A.); (A.M.S.); (A.H.B.); (R.F.A.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Saad Ebrahim Alobid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Moneer E. Almadani
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Road, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adel Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al Baha University, P.O. Box 1988, Al Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.A.); (A.M.S.); (A.H.B.); (R.F.A.); (M.A.); (F.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.S.A.)
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Assiri AM, Alsuraihi H, Alshahrani AMM, Alzaid SZ, Albarraq AM, Asiri S, Algwizani AR, Alotaibi A, Al-Tawfiq JA. Viral aetiology of severe acute respiratory illness among patients admitted during the 2022 peri-Hajj period. IJID REGIONS 2023; 8:28-30. [PMID: 37583481 PMCID: PMC10423662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) among pilgrims continues to be an important healthcare issue. The aim of this study was to describe the viral aetiology of patients admitted to hospitals in the holy cities of Makkah and Madinah during the 2022 peri-Hajj period. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of patients admitted to hospitals with SARI. Patients were tested with multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the most common viral aetiologies. Results In total, 179 cases of SARI were identified during the study period. Of these, 101 (56.4%) were males, 78 (43.6%) were females, and 78 (43.6%) were Saudi. The mean age was 58.60 years (standard deviation 20.5) years. The most common age group was ≥65 years (n=68, 36%), followed by 55-59 years (n=37, 19%). The most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (n=67, 36%), hypertension (n=65, 35%) and chronic lung disease (n=34, 18%). Eighty-five (47.5%) patients tested negative and 94 (42.5%) tested positive for various viral aetiologies. The most frequently detected viruses were severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) (n=28, 15%) and influenza (n=22, 12%); of the influenza cases, 16 were influenza A (6 (43%) were H3N2), and six were influenza B. The only case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was in a citizen, and none of the visitors or residents had MERS-CoV. Of the total cases, 27 (14%) died during the follow-up period. In a binary regression analysis, only age was associated with mortality (P=0.002). Conclusion The most commonly detected viruses among patients admitted to hospital with SARI were SARS-CoV-2 and influenza. It is important to continue surveillance of admitted and non-admitted patients in different Hajj periods to identify any shift in the aetiologic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sari Asiri
- Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, and Quality and Patient Safety Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Alhakami A, Salem V, Alateeq D, Nikčević AV, Marci T, Palmieri S, Spada MM, Mansueto G. The Arab COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale (C-19ASS): COVID-19 anxiety syndrome and psychological symptoms in the Saudi Arabian population. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023; 30:1083-1094. [PMID: 37183315 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale (C-19ASS) is a reliable scale assessing dysfunctional coping strategies activated in response to COVID-19 fear and threat. The present study aimed to provide a validation of the Arabic version of the C-19ASS and to explore the association between the C-19ASS and psychological symptoms syndrome. METHOD In Study 1, a community sample of 404 participants completed the Arabic version of the C-19ASS and results were subjected to an exploratory factor analysis. In Study 2, a community sample of 903 participants completed the Arabic version of the C-19ASS and a series of measures assessing depressed mood and anhedonia, generalized anxiety and health anxiety. Internal consistency, construct validity and incremental validity were assessed. Associations between C-19ASS and psychological symptoms were assessed. RESULTS Factor analysis identified a two-factor solution (i.e., C-19ASS-Perseveration and C-19ASS-Avoidance), and confirmatory factor analysis suggested a two-factor model best fits the data. The Arabic version of the C-19ASS showed good internal consistency, good construct and incremental validity. COVID-19 anxiety syndrome was associated with more severe anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and health anxiety. Females had higher levels of COVID-19 anxiety syndrome than males. Participants diagnosed with COVID-19, and those who had experienced loss as a consequence of COVID-19, had higher levels of COVID-19 anxiety syndrome (Perseveration). CONCLUSIONS The Arabic version of the C-19ASS appears to be a reliable and valid measure of the COVID-19 anxiety syndrome. The COVID-19 anxiety syndrome could be a suitable therapeutic target to improve psychological recovery during the COVID-19 pandemic among Arabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Alhakami
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Victoria Salem
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Deemah Alateeq
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ana V Nikčević
- Department of Psychology, School of Law, Social and Behavioural Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston, UK
| | - Tatiana Marci
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Palmieri
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
- Studi Cognitivi, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Mansueto
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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15
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Alhassani AH, Alqurashi AS, Alhassani TH, Fageeh SM, Almatrafi MI, Alsharif EK, Alzahrani AM, Attieh RA. Breast Cancer Management Timelines in a Tertiary Care Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Makkah City, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e42893. [PMID: 37664289 PMCID: PMC10474793 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is a prevalent form of cancer and a leading cause of death among women worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, it accounted for 31.8% among females of all new cancer cases reported in 2018. Following the declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic, there was a complete redistribution of healthcare resources to face this crisis, which caused a significant delay in the management of various diseases, including BC. There is currently a lack of research in our region on the facility time interval in BC management. Therefore, this study aimed to fill this gap by determining the timelines of diagnosis, management, and factors influencing the delay. METHODS This observational retrospective study included all female patients diagnosed with BC at or referred to King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC) in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2020 and August 2021. The data for this study were obtained from a centralized electronic chart review of all included patients at the KAMC center. RESULTS A total of 76 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 50 ± 11 years. In terms of the disease management duration, 20 patients (26.3%) completed their management within 30 days, 28 patients (36.8%) had a management duration between 31 and 60 days, and the management duration of 28 patients (36.8%) exceeded 60 days. Patient deposition showed a significant association with delay (p = 0.033). A higher incidence of delays at the initiation of treatment was observed in patients who failed to attend appointments (p < 0.001). Among patients who skipped two or more appointments, 12 individuals (80%) experienced a delay of more than 60 days. Moreover, appointment cancellation was associated with delayed treatment initiation (p = 0.03). Patients' age and comorbidity showed no significant association (p = 0.49, p = 0.24, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the significant impact of patient deposition and canceled or skipped appointments on delayed initiation of therapy for BC patients. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarah M Fageeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | | | - Emad K Alsharif
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Specialized Surgical Unit, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, SAU
| | - Abdulaziz M Alzahrani
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Specialized Surgical Unit, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, SAU
| | - Roaa A Attieh
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Specialized Surgical Unit, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, SAU
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16
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Sheerah HA, Almuzaini Y, Khan A. Public Health Challenges in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1757. [PMID: 37372875 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar to most countries, Saudi Arabia faced several challenges during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some of which were related to the religious position of the country. The main challenges included deficits in knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward COVID-19, the negative psychological impacts of the pandemic on the general population and healthcare workers, vaccine hesitancy, the management of religious mass gatherings (e.g., Hajj and Umrah), and the imposition of travel regulations. In this article, we discuss these challenges based on evidence from studies involving Saudi Arabian populations. We outline the measures through which the Saudi authorities managed to minimize the negative impacts of these challenges in the context of international health regulations and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haytham A Sheerah
- International Collaborations, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Almuzaini
- Public Health Authority, Riyadh 13351, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31445, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Khan
- Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Qattan M, Alwashali D, Alshinawi M, Sulimani OA, Alluqmani L, AlQurashi M, Alfahmi N, Althubaiti R, Aboalshamat K. Perceptions of volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic among medical and dental professionals in Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:1197-1201. [PMID: 37636197 PMCID: PMC10451581 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2422_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Volunteering can be defined as any action where time is freely donated to help another individual, organization, or cause. During pandemics, volunteers in the healthcare industry are essential. There were different perspectives on volunteering around the world. This study evaluated Saudi Arabia's clinical medical and dentistry students' attitudes and perspectives on volunteering during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Method A descriptive cross-sectional study of medical and dental students completing the clinical experience in Saudi Arabia. A web-based survey gathered data, and SPSS, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests were used for analysis. Results The majority of participants had positive attitudes and perceptions of volunteering during COVID-19 on most items. A total of 93.80% said they would volunteer given the opportunity, and 86.25% would respond to governmental calls during health crises. However, 62.26% would volunteer only if compensated, 66.58% needed parental approval before volunteering, and 74.93% had fears about infecting family members. Nearly all items were not significantly different by specialty (medicine/dentistry), gender, nationality, region, or education level. Conclusions Medical and dentistry professionals had good attitudes about volunteering during health disasters, especially when provided proper protection and training. The majority of participants were likely to respond to governmental calls if needed. Future studies should investigate compensation methods and types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneera Qattan
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duaa Alwashali
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan Alshinawi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Luran Alluqmani
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Najwa Alfahmi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehaf Althubaiti
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Aboalshamat
- Department of Preventative Dentistry, Dental Public Health Division, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Barnawi NA, Alraqei B, Hilwan A, Al-Otibi M, Alsubaie R, Altowymy S, Abolfotouh MA. Impact of a Video-Based Educational Intervention on the Levels of Knowledge and Concerns about COVID-19 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040727. [PMID: 37112639 PMCID: PMC10145043 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. The hesitancy to receive the COVID-19 vaccine plays a role in delaying the current global and national COVID-19 management strategies. Evidence has highlighted the importance of examining the public’s concerns and knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines in sustaining public prevention of the further spread of the virus worldwide. This study aimed to assess the impact of a video-based educational session on the Saudi public’s levels of knowledge and concerns about the COVID-19 vaccination. Methods. In a double-blind, randomized posttest-only control group study design, 508 Saudis were randomized to an experimental group (n = 253) and a control group (n = 255). The experimental group was exposed to a video-based educational session, while the control group was not. Then both groups were subjected to a validated questionnaire to assess their level of knowledge and concerns about the vaccine. Results. In comparison to the control group, the experimental group showed a significantly lower proportion of overall high concern (0.4% vs. 5.5%, p < 0.001) and a higher proportion of overall good knowledge (74.2% vs. 55.7%, p < 0.001). After adjustment for possible confounders, the experimental group showed a significantly lower percent mean score of overall concern (45.0% vs. 65.0%, p < 0.001) and a higher percent mean score of overall knowledge (74.2% vs. 55.7%, p < 0.001) than the control group. Conclusions. The video-based educational intervention positively impacted the levels of knowledge and concerns about COVID-19 vaccination among the experimental group. These interventions safeguard against the rumors and misconceptions about COVID-19 vaccinations. Further studies on the impacts of such interventions on vaccine uptake are recommended.
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Exploration of Sex and Age-Based Associations in Clinical Characteristics, Predictors of Severity, and Duration of Stay among COVID-19 Patients at the University Hospital of Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050751. [PMID: 36900756 PMCID: PMC10000835 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 infection has a spectrum of variable clinical severity between populations because of their characteristic demographic features, co-morbidities, and immune system reactions. This pandemic tested the healthcare system's preparedness, which depends on predictors of severity and factors related to the duration of hospital stays. Therefore, we carried out a single-center, retrospective cohort study in a tertiary academic hospital to investigate these clinical features and predictors of severe disease and study the different factors that affect hospital stay. We utilized medical records from March 2020 to July 2021, which included 443 confirmed (positive RT-PCR) cases. The data were explained using descriptive statistics and analyzed via multivariate models. Among the patients, 65.4% were female and 34.5% were male, with a mean age of 45.7 years (SD ± 17.2). We presented seven age groups with ranges of 10 years and noticed that patients aged 30-39 years old comprised 23.02% of the records, while patients aged 70 and above comprised 10%. Nearly 47% were diagnosed as having mild, 25% as moderate, 18% as asymptomatic, and 11% as having a severe case of COVID-19 disease. Diabetes was the most common co-morbidity factor in 27.6% of patients, followed by hypertension (26.4%). Our population's predictors of severity included pneumonia, identified on a chest X-ray, and co-morbid conditions such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, ICU stay, and mechanical ventilation. The median length of hospital stay was six days. It was significantly longer in patients with a severe disease and who were administered systemic intravenous steroids. An empirical assessment of various clinical parameters could assist in effectively measuring the disease progression and follow-up with patients.
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Prevalence and Predictors of Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Uptake in Saudi Arabia Post COVID-19: A Web-Based Online Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020353. [PMID: 36851230 PMCID: PMC9964926 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the fall of 2022, the number of influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) and severe acute respiratory infections (SARIs) in Saudi Arabia had significantly increased compared with the corresponding period in previous years. Concerns regarding the population's seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV) uptake rates have emerged. In particular, the SIV uptake rates may have dropped post the COVID-19 pandemic compared with rates prior to the COVID-19 era. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence and predictors of SIV uptake in Saudi Arabia post the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing an online survey platform. We mainly collected sociodemographic information and determined whether the respondent was a healthcare professional or had a chronic disease. The overall SIV uptake prevalence was 31.8%. A lower SIV uptake was observed among those aged 55 years or older, females, residents of the central region, non-health practitioners, and those without chronic diseases. Several factors were associated with SIV uptake. Those aged 35-44 were over three-fold more likely to receive an SIV than those aged 55 years or older (OR: 3.66; 95% CI: 1.33-10.05). In addition, males had 73% higher odds of SIV uptake than females (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.18-2.55). Health practitioners were more likely to receive an SIV than non-health practitioners (OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.45-3.06). Similarly, those with chronic diseases had 86% higher odds of SIV uptake than those without chronic diseases (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.18-2.95). These findings can provide insights into the low prevalence and predictors of SIV uptake in Saudi Arabia. Future studies should be conducted to further explore the potential factors associated with such a low prevalence of SIV uptake post COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia.
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic remains a public health problem threatening national and global health security. The socio-economic impact of COVID-19 was more severe on developing countries including Lebanon, especially due to the fragile healthcare system, weak surveillance infrastructure and lack of comprehensive emergency preparedness and response plans. Lebanon has been struggling with plethora of challenges at the social, economic, financial, political and healthcare levels prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon revealed gaps and challenges across the spectrum of preparedness and response to emergencies. Despite these challenges, the Lebanese response was successful in delaying the steep surge of COVID-19 cases and hospitalisations through imposing strict public health and social measures. The deployment of the national vaccination plan in Lebanon in February 2021 coincided with the reduction in the number of cases and hospitalisation rates. The aim of this manuscript is to advance the epidemiologic evolution of COVID-19 in Lebanon pre- and post-vaccination, the challenges affecting the response and recovery, and the lessons learned.
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22
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Alhassoun RK, AlDossary SA. Utilization of remote e-prescription (Anat) in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19: Factors associated with primary adherence and antibiotic prescription. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231194925. [PMID: 37654718 PMCID: PMC10467295 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231194925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has affected healthcare systems globally. Various health care technologies have been used to mitigate the risk of disease transmission. Telemedicine is one such technology, and remote consulting and prescribing comprise one of its key aspects. In Saudi Arabia, telephone health services have been widely used through the free Medical Consultation Call Center (937). This platform facilitates medical consultations for all citizens, residents, and visitors. After consultations, healthcare providers are able to issue authenticated e-prescriptions using the Anat platform. Objectives To explore the utilization of the Anat remote prescription system in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the factors associated with antibiotic prescription and primary medication adherence. Methods This retrospective analysis included data from the Anat e‑prescription system using a stratified random sample of 25000 prescriptions issued in Saudi Arabia in 2020. Predictive factors related to the patients, practitioners, and prescriptions were identified through bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Out of 25,000 e-prescriptions, 8885 were dispensed, resulting in a 35.5% primary medication adherence rate. The significant predictors of primary adherence were children, respiratory diseases, and antibacterial drugs. In addition, antibiotics made up 32.1% of the e-prescriptions. The prescription of antibiotics was significantly associated with male sex, children, genitourinary system diseases, and being treated by radiologists. Conclusions Almost two thirds 62.2% of e-prescriptions were undispensed, with antibiotic eprescriptions at 32.1%. Findings emphasize the need to enhance primary medication adherence and antibiotic prescription interventions. These findings could aid decision-makers in improving patient-centered e-prescribing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roaa Khaled Alhassoun
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharifah Abdullah AlDossary
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Idris S, Fathuldeen A, Alshammari A, Khalifah E, Alrashid F, Alqahtani A, Alenazi F, Alruwaili S, Alshmmri M. Perspectives of Medical Students on E-Learning in the Surgery Module. ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND HEALTH CARE 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_87_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Alanazi M. Psychological Status of College Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:1443-1451. [PMID: 36483331 PMCID: PMC9724575 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s381916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among college students in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between February 10th to April 10th, 2021. An online self-administered questionnaire was emailed to college students at a large institution in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic, educational backgrounds, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). RESULTS The study included 311 university students (62.7% female and 39.3% male). The prevalence of higher than moderate level in each of the depression, anxiety, and stress were (n= 164, 52.7%), (n= 222, 71.4%), and (n= 112, 36%), respectively. Further analysis revealed that females, younger age, history of depression, history of being quarantined by a health authority, and having contact with a confirmed case of COVID-19 were associated with a greater level of depression, anxiety, and stress. CONCLUSION Depression, anxiety, and stress were highly prevalent among college students during the outbreak. There was a significant association between demographic characteristics and the DASS 21 score. Researchers are recommended to concentrate their future studies on establishing strategies to enhance students' flexibility and adaptability in the face of future catastrophes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alanazi
- College of Nursing, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard – Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices toward COVID-19 among Students and Staff in Asir, Saudi Arabia during the Second Wave of the Pandemic. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122014. [PMID: 36560424 PMCID: PMC9783384 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Being in a rapidly changing and dynamic environment during the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals' perceptions change on a daily basis, and this starts to inform the status of knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) during the second wave of the pandemic. AIM To assess the KAP on COVID-19 among students, teaching staff, and administrative staff in the Asir region for the first time. METHODS A questionnaire-based survey cross-sectional study was conducted from 10 February to 10 March 2021 using an online questionnaire. RESULTS In the survey of students and staff in educational institutes in the Asir region, the target population were well informed about COVID-19; in 10 out of 13 questions, more than 80% of the respondents answered correctly. The attitude of the target populations was quite positive. They were worried about the increase in the number of COVID-19 cases. The target populations were concerned (94.8%) for their kith and kin not to get infected. The target populations agree with the precautionary measures that were taken by Saudi authorities. A positive association was found between knowledge and practices as well as knowledge and attitudes of the target population. A significantly positive association was observed between attitudes and practices of the educational institutes' respondents in Asir, Saudi Arabia. CONCLUSION The students and staff in educational institutes in the Asir region have a high level of knowledge about COVID-19, have a positive attitude toward it, take proper precautions against it, and are enthusiastic about the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Alelyani RH, Alghamdi AH, Mahrous SM, Alamri BM, Alhiniah MH, Abduh MS, Aldaqal SM. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown on the Prognosis, Morbidity, and Mortality of Patients Undergoing Elective and Emergency Abdominal Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Tertiary Center, Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15660. [PMID: 36497733 PMCID: PMC9735974 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic's main concerns are limiting the spread of infectious diseases and upgrading the delivery of health services, infrastructure, and therapeutic provision. The goal of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the emergency experience and delay of elective abdominal surgical intervention at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital from October 2019 to October 2020, with a focus on post-operative morbidity and mortality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study compares two groups of patients with emergent and elective abdominal surgical procedures between two different periods; the population was divided into two groups: the control group, which included 403 surgical patients, and the lockdown group, which included 253 surgical patients. During the lockdown, surgical activity was reduced by 37.2% (p = 0.014), and patients were more likely to require reoperations and blood transfusions during or after surgery (p= 0.002, 0.021, and 0.018, respectively). During the lockdown period, the average length of stay increased from 3.43 to 5.83 days (p = 0.002), and the patients who developed complications (53.9%) were more than those in the control period (46.1%) (p = 0.001). Our tertiary teaching hospital observed a significant decline in the overall number of surgeries performed during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown period. During the lockdown, abdominal surgery was performed only on four patients; they were positive for COVID-19. Three of them underwent exploratory laparotomy; two of the three developed shock post-operative; one patient had colon cancer (ASA score 3), one had colon disease (ASA score 2), and two had perforated bowels (ASA scores 2 and 4, respectively). Two out of four deaths occurred after surgery. Our results showed the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on surgical care as both 30-day mortality and total morbidity have risen considerably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakan H Alelyani
- College of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Alghamdi
- College of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad M Mahrous
- College of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader M Alamri
- College of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudhawi H Alhiniah
- College of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maisa S Abduh
- Immune Responses in Different Diseases Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh M Aldaqal
- Immune Responses in Different Diseases Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Salvador JT, Alqahtani FM, Jarrar M, Trinidad MAC, Alvarez M, Sanchez KB, Rosario A, Reyes LDV, Cabonce S, Agman DD, Dorgham SR. The Registered Nurses amid COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: A descriptive phenomenological study. Nurs Open 2022; 10:1662-1671. [PMID: 36377552 PMCID: PMC9912406 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the experiences of registered nurses' lived experiences in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic crisis in a government hospital in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. DESIGN Qualitative descriptive phenomenology. METHODS Utilizing in-depth interviews with twenty registered nurses with the use of purposive sampling from September to December 2020. Data was analyzed using Colaizzi methods, and a COREQ checklist was utilized to report the study's results. RESULTS The participants' narratives generated three major themes, namely: 'one foot below the ground', 'the nightingale pledge'; and 'hope beyond COVID-19'. The lived experiences of Registered Nurses throughout the pandemic brought by the COVID-19 virus increase a person's understanding of the phenomenon under investigation and plan collective actions to improve the nurses' welfare. The unique challenges faced by Registered Nurses as they carry out their duties in a variety of healthcare settings can be better appreciated if their experiences are taken into account. Nursing administrations all around the world can use the findings of this research to create safeguards for their staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Tovera Salvador
- Department of Nursing Education, College of NursingImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia
| | - Friyal Mubarak Alqahtani
- Department of Community Health Nursing, College of NursingImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Marc Oneel Castillo Alvarez
- Fundamentals of Nursing Department, College of NursingImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia
| | - Kathlynn Buenaobra Sanchez
- Department of Nursing Education, College of NursingImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia
| | - Ahrjaynes Balanag Rosario
- Department of Nursing Education, College of NursingImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Suzette Golez Cabonce
- Fundamentals of Nursing Department, College of NursingImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia
| | - Darwin Damsani Agman
- Fundamentals of Nursing Department, College of NursingImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia
| | - Sherien Ragab Dorgham
- Department of Nursing Education, College of NursingImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia
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Alahmari AA, Khan AA, Alamri FA, Almuzaini YS, Alradini FA, Almohamadi E, Alsaeedi S, Asiri S, Motair W, Almadah A, Assiri AM, Jokhdar HA. Hajj 2021: Role of mitigation measures for health security. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:1350-1354. [PMID: 36184475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE After the impressive results of the 2020 Hajj management, Saudi authorities decided to expand the quota to 60,000 pilgrims in 2021, which resulted in a convenient and successful experience. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective pre and post-study study conducted on all pilgrims attending the 2021 Hajj using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test surveillance with paired-swab samples (pre-Hajj and post-Hajj) to evaluate the risk potential of COVID-19 among Hajj pilgrims, the effectiveness of preventive measures and the potential effect of the Hajj ritual as a huge mass gathering on the epidemiological situation of the Saudi Arabian population. RESULT Forty-one cases had positive COVID-19 infections out of a total of 58,428 pilgrims who attended the 2021 Hajj season, as detected by nonmandatory pre- and post-Hajj PCR. Notably, the 2021 Hajj season achieved a decreasing leg of the COVID-19 pandemic curve. The adjusted incidence rate in KSA from July 11th to August 7th ranged from 19 to 24 cases per 100,000 population. In contrast, the incidence rate for the same duration in Hajj ranged from 3 to 7 cases per 100,000 pilgrims. CONCLUSION The Saudi mitigation plan ensured the safety of pilgrims and healthcare workers for Hajj, successfully limited the risk of COVID-19 transmission inside and contributed to global health security. The success story of Hajj in 2020 and 2021 during the pandemic represents a successful model for planning, achieving and managing future mass gatherings by integrating technology with global and national health policies and public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Alahmari
- Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Anas A Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad A Alamri
- Global Centre of Mass Gatherings Medicine, Family Medicine, Primary Health Centre, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yasir S Almuzaini
- Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faten A Alradini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Sami Alsaeedi
- Command and Control Centre (CCC), Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sari Asiri
- General Directorate of Hajj and Umrah, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wael Motair
- General Directorate of Health Affairs, Makkah Region; Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amr Almadah
- Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah M Assiri
- Deputyship of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hani A Jokhdar
- Deputyship of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Chaaben N, Elleuch Z, Hamdi B, Kahouli B. Green economy performance and sustainable development achievement: empirical evidence from Saudi Arabia. ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2022; 26:1-16. [PMID: 36320556 PMCID: PMC9607703 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-022-02722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a pillar of United Nations, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia pursues to greener its economy and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda. The green economy represents a catalyzer for sustainable development in its three dimensions -economic, social and environmental- aiming to improve human well-being and social equity and reduce environmental risks. However, the relevant previous studies lacked the role of green economy on sustainable development for the Saudi Arabia. For this purpose, this paper aims to explore how green is the kingdom and analyze its performance toward sustainable development from 2015 to 2020. To do so, we adopt the EEPSE Green Economy Index that combines educational, economic, political, societal and environmental indicators associated with the pillars of the Quintuple Helix Innovation Model. In this study, this index is composed of 42 indicators related to the green economy and the sustainable development. The empirical results suggest that the Saudi Arabia witnessed a significant progress of EEPSE GEI score. In addition, the findings support that the performance of the kingdom regarding the green economy is affected after the COVID-19 crisis. Thus, the paper provides original visions for policy makers to encourage the transition to green economy which constitutes the main locomotive to attain the economic, social and environment sustainability for the kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Chaaben
- Management Information Systems Department, University of Ha’il, Community College, PO Box 2440, Hail City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zied Elleuch
- Computer Science Department, University of Ha’il, Community College, PO Box 2440, Hail City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma Hamdi
- Management Information Systems Department, University of Ha’il, Community College, PO Box 2440, Hail City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Kahouli
- Management Information Systems Department, University of Ha’il, Community College, PO Box 2440, Hail City, Saudi Arabia
- Higher Institute of Finance and Taxation, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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30
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Alenzi KA, Al-malky HS, Altebainawi AF, Abushomi HQ, Alatawi FO, Atwadi MH, Khobrani MA, Almazrou DA, Alrubeh N, Alsoliabi ZA, Kardam AM, Alghamdi SA, Alasiri A, Albalwi MH, Alshammari TM. Health economic burden of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:927494. [PMID: 36388318 PMCID: PMC9642043 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.927494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has added a massive economic burden on health care systems worldwide. Saudi Arabia is one of the numerous countries that have been economically affected by this pandemic. The objective of this study was to provide real-world data on the health economic burden of COVID-19 on the Saudi health sector and assess the direct medical costs associated with the management of COVID-19. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on data collected from patients hospitalized with COVID-19 across 10 institutions in eight different regions in Saudi Arabia. The study calculated the direct medical costs of all cases during the study period by using SAS statistical analysis software. These costs included costs directly related to medical services, such as the health care treatment, hospital stays, laboratory investigations, treatment, outcome, and other related care. Results A total of 5,286 adult patients admitted with COVID-19 during the study period were included in the study. The average age of the patients was 54 years, and the majority were male (79%). Among the COVID-19 patients hospitalized in a general ward, the median hospital length of stay was 5.5 days (mean: 9.18 days), while the ICU stay was 4.2 days (mean: 7.94 days). The total medical costs for general ward and ICU patients were US$ 38,895 and US$ 24,207,296.9, respectively. The total laboratory investigations ranked as the highest-cost services US$ 588,975 followed by treatment US$ 3,886,509.8. Overall, the total cost of all medical services for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 was US$ 51,572,393.4. Conclusion This national study found that COVID-19 was not only a serious concern for patients but also a serious economic burden on the health care system in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalidah A. Alenzi
- Regional Drug Information and Pharmacovigilance Center, Ministry of Health, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Khalidah A. Alenzi
| | - Hamdan S. Al-malky
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali F. Altebainawi
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Salman Specialist Hospital, Hail Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Hail, Saudi Arabia,Medication Safety Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fahad O. Alatawi
- King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Ministry of Health, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moosa H. Atwadi
- Althager General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moosa A. Khobrani
- Prince Mohammed bin Nasser Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dlal A. Almazrou
- King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nariman Alrubeh
- Qatif Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Eastern Region, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab A. Alsoliabi
- Qatif Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Eastern Region, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shakr A. Alghamdi
- Khamis Mushait General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Thamir M. Alshammari
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia,Medication Safety Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Thamir M. Alshammari
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Sabbagh HJ, Aljehani SA, Abdulaziz BM, Alshehri NZ, Bajkhaif MO, Alrosini SK, Al-Amoudi RM, Elkhodary HM. Oral Health Needs and Barriers among Children in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13584. [PMID: 36294162 PMCID: PMC9603417 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Understanding oral health needs and barriers is important to overcome the oral disease burden, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess oral health needs and barriers among Saudi children after the COVID-19 pandemic wave started. (2) Methods: Parents of healthy children aged 3-11 years from five regions of Saudi Arabia were surveyed using an electronically administered validated questionnaire from Febuary-2021 to July-2021. Oral lesions/manifestations during the last 12 months reported by parents included tooth discoloration, ulcers, abscess, swelling of the gingiva, halitosis, gingival bleeding, dry mouth, pain while eating, difficulty in speaking or eating, burning sensation, and white spots. Barriers were assessed according to the WHO Oral Health Questionnaire. (3) Results: Children experiencing toothaches were reported by 1098 (72.4%) respondents. When reported, oral manifestations and lesions were associated with a higher inability to visit a dentist (p < 0.001). Barriers to dental care were more frequent among parents with lower education (p < 0.001; adjusted-odds ratio (AOR), 1.815) and a greater number of children (p < 0.001; AOR, 1.197). (4) Conclusion: Parents reported a high frequency of unmet oral health needs. Education could play an important role in improving oral health care in children and as a predictor of public health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Jafar Sabbagh
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Reham Mohammed Al-Amoudi
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Taif Dental Specialty Center, Ministry of Health, Taif 26514, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Mohamed Elkhodary
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pedodontics and Oral Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
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Zumla A, Traore T, Amao L, Ntoumi F, Sharma A, Azhar EI, Abbara A. Reducing the threat of epidemic-prone infections at mass gathering religious events. Lancet 2022; 400:80-82. [PMID: 35772412 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alimuddin Zumla
- Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 OPE, UK.
| | - Tieble Traore
- Emergency Preparedness and Response Programme, WHO Regional Office for Africa, Dakar Hub, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Francine Ntoumi
- Congolese Foundation for Medical Research, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo, and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Avinash Sharma
- DBT-National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aula Abbara
- Syria Public Health Network and Department of Infection, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Fawzy MS, AlSadrah SA. COVID-19 and Saudi Arabia: Awareness, Attitude, and Practice. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:1595-1618. [PMID: 35923154 PMCID: PMC9341353 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s373007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has transformed our appreciation of healthcare awareness worldwide. The amount of related data accumulated during this time has surpassed any other outbreak of a viral pathogen. Healthcare awareness is related to one of the nine pillars of the “World health organization (WHO) operational planning guidelines to support country preparedness and response”. This review is structured around the awareness/knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP)-related publications in Saudi Arabia up to date to understand the impact of COVID-19 on these domains. The excellent communication effort response from governments, international, and individuals to keep the public informed about the outbreak is highlighted. Unraveling such impacts on the Saudi communities, including healthcare workers (HCWs)/professionals (HCPs), students, patients with different diseases, and non-professional individuals, is essential in containing the outbreak and planning preventive measures in case of future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal S Fawzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, 1321, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: Manal S Fawzy, Tel +201008584720, Fax +20641326496, Email
| | - Sana A AlSadrah
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Governmental Hospital Khobar, Health Centers in Khobar, Ministry of Health, Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia
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Althumairi A, Hariri B, Aljabri D, Aljaffary A. Patient Acceptance and Intention to Use e-Consultations During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:896546. [PMID: 35844848 PMCID: PMC9280353 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.896546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundOver the last decade, the use of digital technology has increased immeasurably and transformed both our personal and professional lives. The medical profession quickly embraced this development, especially after the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical consultations were transitioned to online settings as a substitute for face-to-face consultations. This exponential acceleration of the use of remote online consultations (e-consultations) was deemed necessary to respond to the impact of the global pandemic. This study identifies the factors that influence actual patient use and the intention to use e-consultations in Saudi Arabia.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was distributed online via social media platforms targeting the population living in Saudi Arabia from August to December 2020. The questionnaire measured patient perceptions of and attitudes toward utilizing e-consultations using a validated questionnaire informed by the technology acceptance model (TAM). Analyses were performed in SPSS to identify the external factors that influence patients' actual use of e-consultations and to assess the TAM factors (usefulness, social influence, and ease of use) that influence the intention to use e-consultations across both actual users and never-users.ResultsA total of 150 participants completed the questionnaire; the average age was 38 years old, 85% of the participants were females, and 67% reported never using e-consultations. Additionally, motivation, trust, attitude, and social influence were significantly related to participants' intention to use e-consultations.ConclusionParticipants' trust in and perception of the usefulness of e-consultations were significant factors in their intention to use e-consultation services. Policymakers' attention to those factors could play a role in increasing public acceptance and the use of e-consultations to improve distance medical care.
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Bakhshwin D, Alotaibi M, Ali AS, Althomali A, Alsuwat A, Alhamyani A, Alwathnani A, Alsaggaf S, Alrafiah A. Mortality Predictors Among COVID-19 Elderly in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:3213-3223. [PMID: 35754783 PMCID: PMC9231416 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s364279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background By December 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic had caused more than 266 million cases and 5 million deaths, especially among geriatric patients. Objective To identify determinants of COVID-19-related death in geriatric patients. Methods This is a comparative retrospective study involving 145 COVID-19 hospitalized patients who are more than 60 years old, conducted at King Faisal Medical Complex in Taif, Saudi Arabia, from June 2020 to August 2020. The main outcome studied was COVID-19-related death. Results Out of 145 elderly COVID-19 patients, 11% have died. There was a significant difference between those who died and the surviving group regarding hospital stay duration, with a higher duration median among those who died (22 days vs 12 day respectively, p=0.002). Transfer to ICU, mechanical ventilation, low oxygen saturation, shortness of breath, respiratory support, x-ray trend, and prolonged QT interval showed significant statistical differences between them (p<0.001, <0.001, 0.017, 0.045, <0.001, <0.001, 0.004, respectively). After doing logistic regression of predictors for progression to death, putting patients on oxygen only vs mechanical ventilation was statistically significant, with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 0.038 (p=0.012). Worse x-rays vs constant also were statistically significant and had AOR of 23.459 (p=0.001). There was a significant moderate positive correlation between duration of hospital stay and duration from admission to medication start (SP=0.336 and p<0.001). Conclusion We recommend accurately monitoring patients using x-rays to determine which patients have worse x-rays. However, the cost-benefit of using radiation must be well assessed and needs further research to determine if its benefit outweighs its risks, especially in high-risk patients. Furthermore, mechanically ventilated patients must be carefully monitored. Finally, the duration of hospital stay was highly correlated with the duration from admission to medication start. Therefore, proper treatment must be started as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Bakhshwin
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Musim Alotaibi
- King Faisal Medical Complex, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Ali
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | - Samar Alsaggaf
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziza Alrafiah
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Maqsood MB, Islam MA, Al Qarni A, Nisa ZU, Ishaqui AA, Alharbi NK, Almukhamel M, Hossain MA, Fatani N, Mahrous AJ, Arab MA, Alfehaid FSA, Akbar Z. Assessment of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Reluctance Among Staff Working in Public Healthcare Settings of Saudi Arabia: A Multicenter Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:847282. [PMID: 35712310 PMCID: PMC9196634 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.847282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to evaluate the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination acceptance and reluctance among staff working in Saudi healthcare facilities. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during April - May 2021, among healthcare workers in five public hospitals under the National Guards Health Association located in Alahsa, Dammam, Jeddah, Madinah, and Riyadh. The study used a questionnaire in English language, which was distributed through official email communication among healthcare staff currently working at study venues. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS v23. An ethical approval was obtained. Results A total of 1,031 responses were recorded. Most of the staff had both doses of COVID-19 vaccine (89%). The mean score for vaccine acceptance on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) was 3.55 ± 1.6. The mean score for vaccine reluctance on the same scale was 2.71 ± 1.05. Most participants mentioned safety (76.9%) and efficacy (56.3%) as vaccine concerns and believed that COVID-19 vaccine may not be effective because of changes in virus strain (55.5%). The variables of gender and nationality significantly affected vaccine acceptance, while age, gender, nationality, and profession significantly affected vaccine reluctance (p < 0.05). Conclusion Most healthcare staff were vaccinated, and a high acceptance for COVID-19 vaccination was reported. Several demographic factors affected the vaccine acceptance and reluctance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Maqsood
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Ashraful Islam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Al Qarni
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeb-un- Nisa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Azfar Athar Ishaqui
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Iqra University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naif Khalaf Alharbi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murtaja Almukhamel
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Akbar Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Al Qunfudah Medical College, Umm Al Qura University, Al Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nayyra Fatani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Jamal Mahrous
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Al Arab
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Zahida Akbar
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, King Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Authority, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Alshammari TK, Alkhodair AM, Alhebshi HA, Rogowska AM, Albaker AB, AL-Damri NT, Bin Dayel AF, Alonazi AS, Alrasheed NM, Alshammari MA. Examining Anxiety, Sleep Quality, and Physical Activity as Predictors of Depression among University Students from Saudi Arabia during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6262. [PMID: 35627799 PMCID: PMC9141415 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Conducted during the second wave of the pandemic, this cross-sectional study examined the link between sleep quality, physical activity, exposure, and the impact of COVID-19 as predictors of mental health in Saudi undergraduate students. A convenience sample of 207 participants were recruited, 89% of whom were females and 94% were single. The measures included questionnaires on the level of exposure and the perceived impact of COVID-19, a physical activity measure, GAD-7, PHQ-9, and PSQI. The results indicated that approximately 43% of participants exhibited moderate anxiety, and 50% were at risk of depression. Overall, 63.93% of students exposed to strict quarantine for at least 14 days (n = 39) exhibited a high risk of developing depression (χ2(1) = 6.49, p < 0.05, ϕ = 0.18). A higher risk of depression was also found in students whose loved ones lost their jobs (χ2(1) = 4.24, p < 0.05, ϕ = 0.14). Moreover, there was also a strong association between depression and anxiety (β = 0.33, p < 0.01), sleep quality (β = 0.32, p < 0.01), and the perceived negative impact of COVID-19 on socio-economic status (β = 0.26, p < 0.05), explaining 66.67% of depression variance. Our study highlights the socio-economic impact of this pandemic and the overwhelming prevalence of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani K. Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.T.A.-D.); (A.F.B.D.); (A.S.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Aljawharah M. Alkhodair
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.T.A.-D.); (A.F.B.D.); (A.S.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Hanan A. Alhebshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.T.A.-D.); (A.F.B.D.); (A.S.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | | | - Awatif B. Albaker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.T.A.-D.); (A.F.B.D.); (A.S.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Nouf T. AL-Damri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.T.A.-D.); (A.F.B.D.); (A.S.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Anfal F. Bin Dayel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.T.A.-D.); (A.F.B.D.); (A.S.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Asma S. Alonazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.T.A.-D.); (A.F.B.D.); (A.S.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Nouf M. Alrasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.T.A.-D.); (A.F.B.D.); (A.S.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Musaad A. Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.T.A.-D.); (A.F.B.D.); (A.S.A.); (N.M.A.); (M.A.A.)
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Itani R, Karout S, Khojah HMJ, Rabah M, Kassab MB, Welty FK, AlBaghdadi M, Khraishah H, El-Dahiyat F, Alzayani S, Khader YS, Alyahya MS, Alsane D, Abu-Farha R, Mukattash TL, Soukarieh T, Awad MF, Awad R, Wehbi A, Abbas F, El Mais H, El Mais H, Karout L. Diverging levels of COVID-19 governmental response satisfaction across middle eastern Arab countries: a multinational study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:893. [PMID: 35513805 PMCID: PMC9069218 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public acceptance of governmental measures are key to controlling the spread of infectious diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic has placed a significant burden on healthcare systems for high-income countries as well as low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The ability of LMICs to respond to the challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic has been limited and may have affected the impact of governmental strategies to control the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate and compare public opinion on the governmental COVID-19 response of high and LMICs in the Middle East and benchmark it to international countries. METHODS An online, self-administered questionnaire was distributed among different Middle Eastern Arab countries. Participants' demographics and level of satisfaction with governmental responses to COVID-19 were analyzed and reported. Scores were benchmarked against 19 international values. RESULTS A total of 7395 responses were included. Bahrain scored highest for satisfaction with the governmental response with 38.29 ± 2.93 on a scale of 40, followed by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (37.13 ± 3.27), United Arab Emirates (36.56 ± 3.44), Kuwait (35.74 ± 4.85), Jordan (23.08 ± 6.41), and Lebanon (15.39 ± 5.28). Participants' country of residence was a significant predictor of the satisfaction score (P < 0.001), and participants who suffered income reduction due to the pandemic, had a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and held higher educational degrees had significantly lower satisfaction scores (P < 0.001). When benchmarked with other international publics, countries from the Gulf Cooperation Council had the highest satisfaction level, Jordan had an average score, and Lebanon had one of the lowest satisfaction scores. CONCLUSION The political crisis in Lebanon merged with the existing corruption were associated with the lowest public satisfaction score whereas the economical instability of Jordan placed the country just before the lowest position. On the other hand, the solid economy plus good planning and public trust in the government placed the other countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council on top of the scale. Further investigation is necessary to find out how the governments of other low-income countries may have handled the situation wisely and gained the trust of their publics. This may help convey a clearer picture to Arab governments that have suffered during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Itani
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samar Karout
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hani M. J. Khojah
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Makram Rabah
- Department of History and Archeology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad B. Kassab
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Francine K. Welty
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Mazen AlBaghdadi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Haitham Khraishah
- Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Faris El-Dahiyat
- Clinical Pharmacy Program, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salman Alzayani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Yousef S. Khader
- Epidemiology, Medical Education and Biostatistics, Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad S. Alyahya
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Danah Alsane
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Rana Abu-Farha
- Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tareq L. Mukattash
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tarek Soukarieh
- American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Reem Awad
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abir Wehbi
- Health Department, United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fatima Abbas
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hadi El Mais
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Huda El Mais
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lina Karout
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Alharbi NS, AlGhanmi AS, Fahlevi M. Adoption of Health Mobile Apps during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Health Belief Model Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074179. [PMID: 35409862 PMCID: PMC8998638 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the adoption of the Sehha, Mawid, and Tetamman mobile health applications during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. The present study investigated factors influencing app use intention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) approach. This study was conducted using a sample of 176 participants from the Riyadh and Makkah regions during the lockdown in May 2020. This study uses structural equation modeling for data collected using SmartPLS 3.3.9 (GmbH, Oststeinbek, Germany) to examine the effect of constructs on the model. The most important predictor was the perceived benefits of the mobile health apps, followed by self-efficacy. The perceived barriers and cues to action have no significant effect on behavioral intention. The perceived benefits and self-efficacy as keys can provide an overview to the government and to health organizations for taking into account the most important factors of the adoption of mobile health apps, meaning that the developer must adjust to the characteristics of the community of people that need applications that provide many benefits and have an impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Sahal Alharbi
- Department of Health Administration, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amany Shlyan AlGhanmi
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Jeddah 93499, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mochammad Fahlevi
- Management Department, BINUS Online Learning, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
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Post-acute COVID-19 Condition in Saudi Arabia: A National Representative Study. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:526-532. [PMID: 35429791 PMCID: PMC8949843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many survivors of COVID-19 have developed symptoms and diseases similar to those observed after severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the symptoms that appear after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been eradicated and to determine their relationship with COVID-19 severity. Methods This multicenter, retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in all eligible confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection from Saudi Arabia. Study participants were randomly selected using computerized random sampling from a population of 314,821 patients. Descriptive statistics were used to describe baseline demographic data and clinical characteristics. Categorical variables were presented as counts and percentages, while continuous variables were presented as means and standard deviations. Results Approximately 70% of patients were found to have five or fewer symptoms simultaneously. Late symptoms (in the ongoing symptomatic COVID-19) occurred in 225 (22·5%) patients with the most common late symptoms being loss of smell, loss of taste, fatigue, shortness of breath, and cough (52·4%, 31·1%, 11·5%, 10·2%, and 8·9% of patients with late symptoms, respectively). We also found that the presence of acute symptoms of COVID-19 and admission to the hospital were significant independent predictors of the post-COVID-19 condition. Conclusion Saudi patients with COVID-19 develop a wide range of symptoms, similar to those observed and reported in other countries. The loss of smell, the loss of taste, shortness of breath, and fatigue were the main persistent symptoms. Regular follow-up of COVID-19 survivors is highly recommended to minimize the burden of the post-acute COVID-19 condition and improve the quality of life of patients.
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Alshahrani A, Gautam AP, Asiri F, Ahmad I, Alshahrani MS, Reddy RS, Alharbi MD, Alkhathami K, Alzahrani H, Alshehri YS, Alqhtani R. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Physical Therapists toward COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia-A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10010105. [PMID: 35052269 PMCID: PMC8775622 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To curb the COVID-19 pandemic, the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of preventive measures play an essential role, and healthcare workers have had to endure a burden to care for COVID-19 patients. Thus, this study aimed to assess the weight of the KAP of physiotherapists in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional study, where we circulated an online KAP questionnaire to 1179 physical therapists, and among those, 287 participated and completed the questionnaire. The collected responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and regression analyses, and p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Both males and females participated in almost equal numbers; most of the participants were <40 years, had a bachelor’s level of education, and were from the central region of Saudi Arabia. Social media and the internet were the primary sources of COVID-19-related information (74.6%). Knowledge components A (92%) and B (73.9%) were excellent among most participants. Approximately half of the participants (50.5%) had a moderate attitude toward COVID-19, and regarding the practice component, most participants (74.6%) scored moderately. Correlation analysis showed a low positive relationship between knowledge A, attitude, and practice components. Still, there was a very low positive relationship between knowledge B, attitude, and practice components, but both were statistically significant. Our study showed that physical therapists in Saudi Arabia exhibit good knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Alshahrani
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Ajay Prashad Gautam
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (I.A.); (M.S.A.); (R.S.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Faisal Asiri
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (I.A.); (M.S.A.); (R.S.R.)
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (I.A.); (M.S.A.); (R.S.R.)
| | - Mastour Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (I.A.); (M.S.A.); (R.S.R.)
| | - Ravi Shankar Reddy
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (I.A.); (M.S.A.); (R.S.R.)
| | - Mutasim D. Alharbi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid Alkhathami
- Department of Health Rehabilitation, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hosam Alzahrani
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yasir S. Alshehri
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 41411, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Raee Alqhtani
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (R.A.)
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Alhalal E, Alkhair Z, Alghazal F, Muhaimeed F, Halabi R. Fear of contamination among older adults in the post-COVID-19 era. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 48:1-7. [PMID: 36095886 PMCID: PMC9424512 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study assesses older adults' fear of contamination in the post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era, examining the factors associated with this fear and investigating its effects on their well-being and use of primary healthcare, considering the moderating effects of activities of daily living (ADL) and multimorbidity in these two relationships. A cross-sectional study was conducted in primary healthcare centers in three regions in Saudi Arabia with a convenience sample of 444 older adults diagnosed with chronic diseases. The results indicated that 77.9% of older adults had high contamination fear, predicted by their age, education level, gender, ADL, and previous COVID-19 infection experience. Subjective well-being and the number of primary healthcare visits in the post-COVID-19 era were negatively affected by contamination fear and both ADL and multimorbidity moderated these relationships. In conclusion, the study confirmed the need to focus on older adults' contamination fear to mitigate its negative effects on well-being and critical primary healthcare visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Alhalal
- Community and Mental Health Nursing Department, Nursing College, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author
| | - Zainab Alkhair
- Qatif Health Centers Administration, Qatif Health Network, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Rehab Halabi
- The Administration of School Health Affairs, Makkah Health Care Cluster, Saudi Arabia
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AlFattani A, AlMeharish A, Nasim M, AlQahtani K, AlMudraa S. Ten public health strategies to control the Covid-19 pandemic: the Saudi Experience. IJID REGIONS 2021; 1:12-19. [PMID: 35721774 PMCID: PMC8447545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
KSA plans during the pandemic in managing the healthcare system were robust and sustainable. Previous epidemics and mass gathering have helped to use the resources effectively. Digital health and the prompt response to pandemic warnings were factors of success Healthcare supplies and difficulties of online education were among the challenges. It is recommended to revise the disaster and emergency strategic plans in KSA.
Saudi Arabia plays an important strategic role within the Middle East and afar because of its geographical location, and being the host of one of the largest annual religious mass gatherings in the world “The Hajj”. During the recent coronavirus pandemic, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) developed a multisectoral plan that adopted multiple measures to limit the spread of Covid-19 transmission both domestically and internationally. In this article, we review all public health related policy decisions from the Saudi Ministry of Health, other government departments, and the private sector that contributed to limiting the severe consequences from Covid-19. Ten effective strategies are outlined and the challenges related to their implementation are explored. The strategies include: 1. Quarantine and travel restriction, 2. Expansion of serological screening, 3. Mask wearing (covering the face and nose) and social distancing, 4. Preparation of hospitals to deal with the influx of coronavirus cases, 5. Use of artificial intelligence, 6.Public assurance, 7.Removal of slum areas and re housing of its inhabitants, 8. Cancellation of the Hajj season, 9. Economic stimulus packages to safeguard the economy, and 10. fair and priority driven vaccine distribution. Conclusion: The government of Saudi Arabia demonstrated responsibility at the highest level to prioritize the safety and well-being of its citizens and residents. Rapid early response to the pandemic warnings, extensive experience in previous epidemics and in mass gathering medicine, wise management of healthcare resources, and unprecedented harmonization of governmental and private sectors were significant factors for this success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej AlFattani
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of Biostatics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Epidemiology Society
- Corresponding Author: Areej Abdul Ghani AlFattani MPH, CCRP, CRA, Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center -Riyadh, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amani AlMeharish
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of Biostatics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maliha Nasim
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of Biostatics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid AlQahtani
- Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, college of science and humanities, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami AlMudraa
- Ministry of Health, Health Operation Center
- Saudi Epidemiology Society
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Alghamdi SM, Alsulayyim AS, Alqahtani JS, Aldhahir AM. Digital Health Platforms in Saudi Arabia: Determinants from the COVID-19 Pandemic Experience. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1517. [PMID: 34828563 PMCID: PMC8618772 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 poses a significant burden to healthcare systems. Healthcare organisations with better health innovation infrastructures have faced a reduced burden and achieved success in curbing COVID-19. In Saudi Arabia, digital technologies have played a vital role in fighting SARS-CoV-2 transmission. In this paper, we aimed to summarise the experience of optimising digital health technologies in Saudi Arabia as well as to discuss capabilities and opportunities during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. A literature search was conducted up to September 2021 to document the experience of using DHTPs in Saudi Arabia in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. We also considered any published data, press briefings, and announcements by the MOH in Saudi Arabia. The findings were synthesised in narrative form. Health officials succeeded in optimising and maintaining a strategy to mitigate the spread of the virus via different digital technologies, such as mobile health applications, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. The quick digital response in Saudi Arabia was facilitated by governmental support and by considering users and technology determinants. Future research must concentrate on establishing and updating the guidelines for using DHTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed M. Alghamdi
- Respiratory Care Program, Clinical Technology Department, College of Applied Health Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK;
| | - Abdullah S. Alsulayyim
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK;
- Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jaber S. Alqahtani
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah M. Aldhahir
- Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
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Alsofayan YM, Althunayyan SM, Mohamed MA, Alhabeeb SH, Altuwaijri MI, Alhajjaj FS, Alowais JM. Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Saudi Red Crescent Experience Throughout COVID-19 Era. Open Access Emerg Med 2021; 13:431-438. [PMID: 34588825 PMCID: PMC8473018 DOI: 10.2147/oaem.s334808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The quality of resuscitation for out hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) during the COVID-19 era could be affected. We aim to describe prehospital healthcare providers' resuscitative efforts for OHCA cases and their definitive outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study included all OHCA cases between April and June 2021 across all regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Demographic variables, response times, CPR providers, initial rhythm, use of AED/Defibrillator, medical interventions, ROSC data, and dispatch codes were extracted from a central electronic platform. RESULTS A total of 1307 OHCA cases were included in this study, males constituted 65% and 42% were ≥65 years. Although the median response time to initiate CPR was 13 min, 11% of OHCA cases had a response time between 0 and 6 min. About 75% of CPR was provided on scene by BLS units, 78% of OHCA cases had asystole as their initial rhythm, an AED/Defibrillator was used more than 90% of the time for pulseless VT/VF rhythm, and ROSC was achieved in 8% of OHCA patients. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining resuscitative efforts for OHCA continues in KSA. Closing knowledge gaps in the community and a better description of OHCA for the dispatcher could guide dispatch-assisted CPR and minimize OHCA response times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef M Alsofayan
- Executive Directorate of Medical Affairs, Saudi Red Crescent Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saqer M Althunayyan
- Department of Accident and Trauma, Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Mohamed
- Executive Directorate of Medical Affairs, Saudi Red Crescent Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud H Alhabeeb
- Executive Directorate of Medical Affairs, Saudi Red Crescent Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad I Altuwaijri
- Executive Directorate of Medical Affairs, Saudi Red Crescent Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad S Alhajjaj
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jalal M Alowais
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Adam M, Gameraddin M, Alelyani M, Zaman GS, Musa A, Ahmad I, Alshahrani MY, Alsultan K, Gareeballah A. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Concerning COVID-19 Among Undergraduate Students of Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences at King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Surveyed Study. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2021; 12:789-797. [PMID: 34335069 PMCID: PMC8318705 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s314163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has exerted great efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19. This research aims to scrutinize the outlook, awareness, and customs of Saudi undergraduate students regarding COVID-19. METHODS The current cross-sectional study comprises 178 undergraduate students in the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences. The data were collected from online Google form questionnaires. The differences were picked out of the questionnaires, and the mean scores of the differences were duly assessed. The variables associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 were evaluated; moreover, a comparative study was conducted on these variables in different faculty departments. ANOVA, Student's t-test, and binary logistic regression analysis were used to assess the data on knowledge, attitude, and practice. RESULTS Most of the undergraduate students were well acquainted with COVID-19. We obtained the mean knowledge score for COVID-19 to be 3.08 ± .82 (range: 1-5), indicating good knowledge. The attitude means the score was 3.02 ± .61 (range: 0-4), implying good positive attitudes. On assessing the mean score of practices, it was found 5 ± .47 (range: 0-7), pointing towards perfect practices. There were no significant differences between males and females regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward COVID-19 (p-value < 0.05). CONCLUSION Students of Applied Medical Sciences are knowledgeable about COVID-19. Health education programs should be focused on protection and safety from COVID-19 for Applied Medical Sciences students, especially Medical Rehabilitation Sciences and Radiology. Hand hygiene awareness programs must be conducted for undergraduate students. Infection control should be part of the undergraduate applied for medical sciences curriculum program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Adam
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Moawia Gameraddin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbool Alelyani
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaffar Sarwar Zaman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alamin Musa
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal Alsultan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Awadia Gareeballah
- Department of Diagnostic Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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