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Zhou B, Chu X, Tian H, Liu T, Liu H, Gao W, Chen S, Hu S, Wu D, Xu Y. The clinical outcomes and genomic landscapes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with E2A-PBX1: A 10-year retrospective study. Am J Hematol 2021; 96:1461-1471. [PMID: 34406703 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The clinical outcomes and genomic features of E2A-PBX1 (TCF3-PBX1)-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients remain unclear. A total of 137 patients carrying E2A-PBX1 among 3164 B-ALL patients between 2009 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates of the whole cohort were 68.6% and 61.0%, respectively. Age [DFS, p = 0.037; cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), p = 0.005] and the level of minimal residual disease (MRD) after induction chemotherapy (OS, p = 0.020; DFS, p = 0.002; CIR, p = 0.006) were independent risk factors. In adolescents/adults, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) at first complete remission (CR1) significantly improved the 5-year prognosis (OS, p < 0.001; DFS, p < 0.001; CIR, p < 0.001). Haploidentical HSCT decreased the CIR compared with human leukocyte antigen-matched HSCT in adolescents/adults (p = 0.017). Mutations in PBX1, PAX5, CTCF and SETD2, amplification of AKT3, and deletion of CDKN2A/B were common in the total cohort, while transcriptome differences were found in the cell cycle, nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling pathway and transcriptional regulation by TP53 between adolescents/adults and children. Patients with multiple subclones at diagnosis tended to have unfavorable 3-year prognoses (DFS, p = 0.010; CIR, p = 0.021). Leukemia clones with DNA repair gene mutations showed aggressive and treatment-refractory phenotypes in this subtype of ALL. Our study indicated that age, the level of MRD and DNA repair gene mutations were associated with E2A-PBX1-positive B-ALL outcomes. Allo-HSCT, especially haploidentical HSCT, could improve the prognosis of adolescent/adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqi Zhou
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinran Chu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Tian
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tianhui Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Suning Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shaoyan Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Depei Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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2
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Folding perspectives of an intrinsically disordered transactivation domain and its single mutation breaking the folding propensity. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 155:1359-1372. [PMID: 31733244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation is a critical facet of cellular development controlled by numerous transcription factors, among which are E-proteins (E2A, HEB, and E2-2) that play important roles in lymphopoiesis. For example, primary hematopoietic cells immortalisation is promoted by interaction of the conserved PCET motif consisting of the Leu-X-X-Leu-Leu (LXXLL) and Leu-Asp-Phe-Ser (LDFS) sequences of the transactivation domains (AD1) of E-proteins with the KIX domain of CBP/p300 transcriptional co-activators. Earlier, it was shown that the LXXLL motif is essential for the PCET-KIX interaction driven by the PCET helical transition. In this study, we analyzed the dehydration-driven gain of helicity in the conserved region (residues 11-28) of the AD1 domain of E-protein. Particularly, we showed that AD1 structure was dramatically affected by alcohols, but was insensitive to changes in pH or the presence of osmolytes sarcosine and taurine, or high polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations and DOPC Liposomes. These structure-forming effects of solvents were almost completely absent in the case of L21P AD1 mutant characterized by weakened interaction with KIX. This indicates that KIX interaction-induced AD1 ordering is driven by PCET motif dehydration. The L21P mutation-caused loss of molecular recognition function of AD1 is due to the mutation-induced disruption of the AD1 helical propensity.
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Watanabe A, Inukai T, Kagami K, Abe M, Takagi M, Fukushima T, Fukushima H, Nanmoku T, Terui K, Ito T, Toki T, Ito E, Fujimura J, Goto H, Endo M, Look T, Kamps M, Minegishi M, Takita J, Inaba T, Takahashi H, Ohara A, Harama D, Shinohara T, Somazu S, Oshiro H, Akahane K, Goi K, Sugita K. Resistance of t(17;19)-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines to multiagents in induction therapy. Cancer Med 2019; 8:5274-5288. [PMID: 31305009 PMCID: PMC6718581 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
t(17;19)(q21‐q22;p13), responsible for TCF3‐HLF fusion, is a rare translocation in childhood B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia(BCP‐ALL). t(1;19)(q23;p13), producing TCF3‐PBX1 fusion, is a common translocation in childhood BCP‐ALL. Prognosis of t(17;19)‐ALL is extremely poor, while that of t(1;19)‐ALL has recently improved dramatically in intensified chemotherapy. In this study, TCF3‐HLF mRNA was detectable at a high level during induction therapy in a newly diagnosed t(17;19)‐ALL case, while TCF3‐PBX1 mRNA was undetectable at the end of induction therapy in most newly diagnosed t(1;19)‐ALL cases. Using 4 t(17;19)‐ALL and 16 t(1;19)‐ALL cell lines, drug response profiling was analyzed. t(17;19)‐ALL cell lines were found to be significantly more resistant to vincristine (VCR), daunorubicin (DNR), and prednisolone (Pred) than t(1;19)‐ALL cell lines. Sensitivities to three (Pred, VCR, and l‐asparaginase [l‐Asp]), four (Pred, VCR, l‐Asp, and DNR) and five (Pred, VCR, l‐Asp, DNR, and cyclophosphamide) agents, widely used in induction therapy, were significantly poorer for t(17;19)‐ALL cell lines than for t(1;19)‐ALL cell lines. Consistent with poor responses to VCR and DNR, gene and protein expression levels of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) were higher in t(17;19)‐ALL cell lines than in t(1;19)‐ALL cell lines. Inhibitors for P‐gp sensitized P‐gp‐positive t(17;19)‐ALL cell lines to VCR and DNR. Knockout of P‐gp by CRISPRCas9 overcame resistance to VCR and DNR in the P‐gp‐positive t(17;19)‐ALL cell line. A combination of cyclosporine A with DNR prolonged survival of NSG mice inoculated with P‐gp‐positive t(17;19)‐ALL cell line. These findings indicate involvement of P‐gp in resistance to VCR and DNR in Pgp positive t(17;19)‐ALL cell lines. In all four t(17;19)‐ALL cell lines, RAS pathway mutation was detected. Furthermore, among 16 t(1;19)‐ALL cell lines, multiagent resistance was usually observed in the cell lines with RAS pathway mutation in comparison to those without it, suggesting at least a partial involvement of RAS pathway mutation in multiagent resistance of t(17;19)‐ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Keiko Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Masako Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Fukushima
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Fukushima
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toru Nanmoku
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kiminori Terui
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Toki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Junya Fujimura
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Goto
- Hematology/Oncology & Regenerative Medicine, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center
| | - Mikiya Endo
- Department of Pediatrics, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Thomas Look
- Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Kamps
- Department of Pathology, University of California School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiya Inaba
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Akira Ohara
- Tokyo Children's Cancer Study Group, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Harama
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Tamao Shinohara
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Shinpei Somazu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Oshiro
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Koshi Akahane
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Goi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Kanji Sugita
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
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4
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Lin CH, Wang Z, Duque-Afonso J, Wong SHK, Demeter J, Loktev AV, Somervaille TCP, Jackson PK, Cleary ML. Oligomeric self-association contributes to E2A-PBX1-mediated oncogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4915. [PMID: 30894657 PMCID: PMC6426973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The PBX1 homeodomain transcription factor is converted by t(1;19) chromosomal translocations in acute leukemia into the chimeric E2A-PBX1 oncoprotein. Fusion with E2A confers potent transcriptional activation and constitutive nuclear localization, bypassing the need for dimerization with protein partners that normally stabilize and regulate import of PBX1 into the nucleus, but the mechanisms underlying its oncogenic activation are incompletely defined. We demonstrate here that E2A-PBX1 self-associates through the PBX1 PBC-B domain of the chimeric protein to form higher-order oligomers in t(1;19) human leukemia cells, and that this property is required for oncogenic activity. Structural and functional studies indicate that self-association facilitates the binding of E2A-PBX1 to DNA. Mutants unable to self-associate are transformation defective, however their oncogenic activity is rescued by the synthetic oligomerization domain of FKBP, which confers conditional transformation properties on E2A-PBX1. In contrast to self-association, PBX1 protein domains that mediate interactions with HOX DNA-binding partners are dispensable. These studies suggest that oligomeric self-association may compensate for the inability of monomeric E2A-PBX1 to stably bind DNA and circumvents protein interactions that otherwise modulate PBX1 stability, nuclear localization, DNA binding, and transcriptional activity. The unique dependence on self-association for E2A-PBX1 oncogenic activity suggests potential approaches for mechanism-based targeted therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/chemistry
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/chemistry
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Pre-B-Cell Leukemia Transcription Factor 1/genetics
- Pre-B-Cell Leukemia Transcription Factor 1/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Multimerization
- Protein Stability
- Tacrolimus Binding Proteins/genetics
- Tacrolimus Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiou-Hong Lin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Sun Yat-Sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jesús Duque-Afonso
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephen Hon-Kit Wong
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Janos Demeter
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alexander V Loktev
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tim C P Somervaille
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Peter K Jackson
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michael L Cleary
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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5
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Maharjan BD, Ono R, Nosaka T. Eya2 is critical for the E2A‑HLF‑mediated immortalization of mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:981-990. [PMID: 30628662 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunoglobulin enhancer‑binding factor/hepatic leukemia factor (E2A‑HLF) oncogenic fusion gene, generated by t(17;19)(q22;p13) translocation in childhood B‑cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a very poor prognosis, encodes a chimeric transcription factor in which the transactivation domains of E2A are fused to the DNA‑binding and dimerization domain of HLF. E2A‑HLF has been demonstrated to have an anti‑apoptotic effect. However, the molecular mechanism underlying E2A‑HLF‑mediated leukemogenesis remains unclear. The present study identified EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 2 (Eya2), the forced expression of which is known to immortalize mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), as a direct target molecule downstream of E2A‑HLF. E2A‑HLF‑immortalized mouse HSPCs expressed Eya2 at a high level in the aberrant self‑renewal program. Chromatin immunoprecipitation‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and a reporter assay revealed that E2A‑HLF enhanced the Eya2 expression by binding to the promoter region containing the E2A‑HLF‑binding consensus sequence. Eya2 knockdown in E2A‑HLF‑immortalized cells resulted in reduced colony‑forming efficiency. These results suggest a critical role of Eya2 in E2A‑HLF‑mediated leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Devi Maharjan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514‑8507, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Ono
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514‑8507, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nosaka
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514‑8507, Japan
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6
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Wei X, Yu L, Li Y. PBX1 promotes the cell proliferation via JAK2/STAT3 signaling in clear cell renal carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:650-657. [PMID: 29678569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PBX1 was abnormally overexpressed and its intracellular localization was found to be frequently amplified in many types of cancer, including renal clear cell carcinoma. PBX1 displays oncogenic activity in several different types of cells, but little is known about how signaling pathways are altered, and the function of PBX1 in renal clear cell carcinoma has not been well investigated. In this study, we demonstrate that the expression of PBX1 was significantly upregulated in 30 pairs of human tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues and the overall survival rate of PBX1-high group was significantly worse than that of PBX1-low group. Furthermore, JAK2 expression is significantly correlated to PBX1 expression in human clinical specimen and PBX1 knockdown inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation and reduced transcription of STAT3 target genes Cyclin D1. More interestingly, PBX1 knockdown inhibits ccRCC cell viability, proliferation and cell cycle progression in vivo and in vitro. Thus, our results demonstrate that PBX1 plays an oncogenic role in ccRCC via JAK2/STAT3 pathway and indicate its potential application for the treatment of human ccRCC in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
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7
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Up-regulation of Transcription Factor 3 Is Correlated With Poor Prognosis in Cervical Carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 27:1422-1430. [PMID: 28604457 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transcription factor 3 (TCF3, or E2A) is a multifunctional bHLH (basic helix loop helix) transcription factor. The role of TCF3 expression in cancer and the multiple cell signaling pathways that regulate or are influenced by TCF3 are unclear. Therefore, the expression level of TCF3 in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is discussed in this study. METHODS Total RNA was extracted using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was applied to confirm the results. Immunohistochemistry was used to characterize the expression patterns of TCF3 in CSCC specimens. The close relationship between the expression levels of TCF3 and the 5-year overall survival time was described by survival curves. The association between TCF3 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of 119 CSCC patients was analyzed by Chi-square, Fisher exact test, and Cox regression analysis. TCF3 was overexpressed or inhibited by plasmid transfection, and the proliferation, invasion, and migration of cells were detected using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), wound healing, and Transwell assays. RESULTS The expression of TCF3 was higher in CSCC tissues than in nonmalignant cervical tissues. Messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in patient tissues were increased compared with nonmalignant cervical tissues. Moreover, the level of expression in early-stage disease was higher than in the advanced stage. From FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stages I to IV, immunohistochemistry staining intensity gradually increased. A high level of expression was closely related to clinical stages. The expression of TCF3 was negatively correlated with overall survival time. TCF3 can promote HeLa cell growth, invasion, and migration in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, TCF3 is clearly associated with the progression of CSCC. This is the first time that it has been reported that TCF3 can act as a tumor promoter in cervical cancer and thus might be of great significance in the prognosis of CSCC.
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8
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Alsadeq A, Schewe DM. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of the central nervous system: on the role of PBX1. Haematologica 2018; 102:611-613. [PMID: 28364057 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.165142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ameera Alsadeq
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Ulm, Germany
| | - Denis M Schewe
- Department of Pediatrics I, ALL-BFM Study Group, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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9
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Lin XC, Liu XG, Zhang YM, Li N, Yang ZG, Fu WY, Lan LB, Zhang HT, Dai Y. Integrated analysis of microRNA and transcription factor reveals important regulators and regulatory motifs in adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:671-683. [PMID: 28101583 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‑ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in children and young adults. The molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of its gene expression has yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we performed large scale expression profiling of microRNA (miRNA) and transcription factor (TF) by Illumina deep‑sequencing and TF array technology, respectively, and identified 291 differentially expressed miRNAs and 201 differentially expressed TFs in adult B‑ALL samples relative to their controls. After integrating expression profile data with computational prediction of miRNA and TF targets from different databases, we construct a comprehensive miRNA‑TF regulatory network specifically for adult B‑ALL. Network function analysis revealed 25 significantly enriched pathways, four pathways are well‑known to be involved in B‑ALL, such as PI3K‑Akt signaling pathway, Jak‑STAT signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway and cell cycle pathway. By analyzing the network topology, we identified 28 hub miRNAs and 19 hub TFs in the network, and found nine potential B‑ALL regulators among these hub nodes. We also constructed a Jak‑STAT signaling sub‑network for B‑ALL. Based on the sub‑network analysis and literature survey, we proposed a cellular model to discuss MYC/miR‑15a‑5p/FLT3 feed-forward loop (FFL) with Jak‑STAT signaling pathway in B‑ALL. These findings enhance our understanding of this disease at the molecular level, as well as provide putative therapeutic targets for B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Guang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Yu Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Liu-Bo Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
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10
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Cecchi F, Lih CJ, Lee YH, Walsh W, Rabe DC, Williams PM, Bottaro DP. Expression array analysis of the hepatocyte growth factor invasive program. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 32:659-76. [PMID: 26231668 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Signaling by human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) via its cell surface receptor (MET) drives mitogenesis, motogenesis and morphogenesis in a wide spectrum of target cell types and embryologic, developmental and homeostatic contexts. Oncogenic pathway activation also contributes to tumorigenesis and cancer progression, including tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, in several prevalent malignancies. The HGF gene encodes full-length hHGF and two truncated isoforms known as NK1 and NK2. NK1 induces all three HGF activities at modestly reduced potency, whereas NK2 stimulates only motogenesis and enhances HGF-driven tumor metastasis in transgenic mice. Prior studies have shown that mouse HGF (mHGF) also binds with high affinity to human MET. Here we show that, like NK2, mHGF stimulates cell motility, invasion and spontaneous metastasis of PC3M human prostate adenocarcinoma cells in mice through human MET. To identify target genes and signaling pathways associated with motogenic and metastatic HGF signaling, i.e., the HGF invasive program, gene expression profiling was performed using PC3M cells treated with hHGF, NK2 or mHGF. Results obtained using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software showed significant overlap with networks and pathways involved in cell movement and metastasis. Interrogating The Cancer Genome Atlas project also identified a subset of 23 gene expression changes in PC3M with a strong tendency for co-occurrence in prostate cancer patients that were associated with significantly decreased disease-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Cecchi
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1501, USA
| | - Chih-Jian Lih
- Molecular Characterization and Clinical Assay Development Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. and Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Young H Lee
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1501, USA
| | - William Walsh
- Molecular Characterization and Clinical Assay Development Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. and Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Daniel C Rabe
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1501, USA
| | - Paul M Williams
- Molecular Characterization and Clinical Assay Development Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. and Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Donald P Bottaro
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1501, USA. .,Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bldg 10 CRC Rm 2-3952, 10 Center Drive MSC 1107, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1107, USA.
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11
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Hu Y, Xiong Q, Yang Y, Wang H, Shu C, Xu W, Fang X, Hu S. Integrated analysis of gene expression and microRNA regulation in three leukemia-related lymphoblastic cell lines. Gene 2015; 564:39-52. [PMID: 25796601 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
RNA-sequencing technology is progressively being applied in various fields since high-throughput data analysis provides deeper mining on both the genomic and transcriptomic level. Lymphoblastic leukemogenesis is a complex process caused by abnormalities occurring during lymphocyte differentiation, and can be initiated by various triggers. Each leukemia subtype has distinct characteristics that can be identified in the corresponding cell lines; the detection of the exclusive genetic signatures of these varying cell lines is critical. Our analysis revealed that approximately 8000 human genes were differentially expressed between samples. Signaling pathways such as the NOD-like signaling pathway, cell surface receptor signaling pathways, and leukemia-related pathways were significantly regulated, as determined by KEGG annotation. Furthermore, several oncogenes and differentiation-related genes were differentially expressed between leukemia cell lines and lymphocyte types, respectively. Our miRNA analysis demonstrated that the expression of approximately one-third of all expressed miRNAs appeared to be significantly different between the leukemia cell lines studied. We also analyzed the mRNA-miRNA regulatory networks of both lymphocyte differentiation and leukemogenesis to determine key regulators of interest. We combined the results of the mRNA and miRNA analyses in order to investigate the regulatory relationship between them. This study not only identifies differences in the pathways and networks of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) relative to normal lymphocytes, but also identifies unique functional characteristics of lymphoid cells and distinct gene expression patterns during lymphoid development. The discovery of leukemia-related miRNAs may provide meaningful insights into the biology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1-104 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Qian Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1-104 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yadong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1-104 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Hai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1-104 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Chang Shu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1-104 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1-104 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiangdong Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1-104 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Songnian Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1-104 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
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12
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Hajingabo LJ, Daakour S, Martin M, Grausenburger R, Panzer-Grümayer R, Dequiedt F, Simonis N, Twizere JC. Predicting interactome network perturbations in human cancer: application to gene fusions in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:3973-85. [PMID: 25273558 PMCID: PMC4244205 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-06-1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic variations such as gene fusions are directly or indirectly associated with human diseases. A method is presented combining gene expression and interactome data analyses to identify specific targets in leukemia. The Myc network and the mRNA export machinery are perturbed in ETV6-RUNX1 and TCF3-PBX1 subtypes of leukemia. Genomic variations such as point mutations and gene fusions are directly or indirectly associated with human diseases. They are recognized as diagnostic, prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. However, predicting the functional effect of these genetic alterations beyond affected genes and their products is challenging because diseased phenotypes are likely dependent of complex molecular interaction networks. Using as models three different chromosomal translocations—ETV6-RUNX1 (TEL-AML1), BCR-ABL1, and TCF3-PBX1 (E2A-PBX1)—frequently found in precursor-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (preB-ALL), we develop an approach to extract perturbed molecular interactions from gene expression changes. We show that the MYC and JunD transcriptional circuits are specifically deregulated after ETV6-RUNX1 and TCF3-PBX1 gene fusions, respectively. We also identified the bulk mRNA NXF1-dependent machinery as a direct target for the TCF3-PBX1 fusion protein. Through a novel approach combining gene expression and interactome data analysis, we provide new insight into TCF3-PBX1 and ETV6-RUNX1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Juvenal Hajingabo
- Laboratoire de Bioinformatique des Génomes et des Réseaux, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Sarah Daakour
- Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Maud Martin
- Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Reinhard Grausenburger
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Panzer-Grümayer
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franck Dequiedt
- Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Simonis
- Laboratoire de Bioinformatique des Génomes et des Réseaux, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jean-Claude Twizere
- Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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13
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Denis CM, Langelaan DN, Kirlin AC, Chitayat S, Munro K, Spencer HL, LeBrun DP, Smith SP. Functional redundancy between the transcriptional activation domains of E2A is mediated by binding to the KIX domain of CBP/p300. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:7370-82. [PMID: 24682819 PMCID: PMC4066744 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The E-protein transcription factors play essential roles in lymphopoiesis, with E12 and E47 (hereafter called E2A) being particularly important in B cell specification and maturation. The E2A gene is also involved in a chromosomal translocation that results in the leukemogenic oncoprotein E2A-PBX1. The two activation domains of E2A, AD1 and AD2, display redundant, independent, and cooperative functions in a cell-dependent manner. AD1 of E2A functions by binding the transcriptional co-activator CBP/p300; this interaction is required in oncogenesis and occurs between the conserved ϕ-x-x-ϕ-ϕ motif in AD1 and the KIX domain of CBP/p300. However, co-activator recruitment by AD2 has not been characterized. Here, we demonstrate that the first of two conserved ϕ-x-x-ϕ-ϕ motifs within AD2 of E2A interacts at the same binding site on KIX as AD1. Mutagenesis uncovered a correspondence between the KIX-binding affinity of AD2 and transcriptional activation. Although AD2 is dispensable for oncogenesis, experimentally increasing the affinity of AD2 for KIX uncovered a latent potential to mediate immortalization of primary hematopoietic progenitors by E2A-PBX1. Our findings suggest that redundancy between the two E2A activation domains with respect to transcriptional activation and oncogenic function is mediated by binding to the same surface of the KIX domain of CBP/p300.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Denis
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - David N Langelaan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Alyssa C Kirlin
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Seth Chitayat
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kim Munro
- Protein Function Discovery Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Holly L Spencer
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - David P LeBrun
- Protein Function Discovery Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Steven P Smith
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada Protein Function Discovery Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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14
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Seidel MG, Duerr C, Woutsas S, Schwerin-Nagel A, Sadeghi K, Neesen J, Uhrig S, Santos-Valente E, Pickl WF, Schwinger W, Urban C, Boztug K, Förster-Waldl E. A novel immunodeficiency syndrome associated with partial trisomy 19p13. J Med Genet 2014; 51:254-63. [PMID: 24431329 PMCID: PMC3963557 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-102122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background Subtelomeric deletions and duplications may cause syndromic disorders that include features of immunodeficiency. To date, no phenotype of immunological pathology has been linked to partial trisomy 19. We report here on two unrelated male patients showing clinical and laboratory signs of immunodeficiency exhibiting a duplication involving Chromosome 19p13. Methods Both patients underwent a detailed clinical examination. Extended laboratory investigations for immune function, FISH and array comparative genome hybridization (CGH) analyses were performed. Results The reported patients were born prematurely with intrauterine growth retardation and share clinical features including neurological impairment, facial dysmorphy and urogenital malformations. Array CGH analyses of both patients showed a largely overlapping terminal duplication affecting Chromosome 19p13. In both affected individuals, the clinical course was marked by recurrent severe infections. Signs of humoral immunodeficiency were detected, including selective antibody deficiency against polysaccharide antigens in patient 1 and reduced IgG1, IgG3 subclass levels and IgM deficiency in patient 2. Class-switched B memory cells were almost absent in both patients. Normal numbers of T cells, B cells and natural killer cells were observed in both boys. Lymphocytic proliferation showed no consistent functional pathology, however, function of granulocytes and monocytes as assessed by oxidative burst test was moderately reduced. Moreover, natural killer cytotoxicity was reduced in both patients. Immunoglobulin substitution resulted in a decreased number and severity of infections and improved thriving in both patients. Conclusions Partial trisomy 19p13 represents a syndromic disorder associating organ malformation and hitherto unrecognised immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus G Seidel
- Divison of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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15
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Huang A, Zhao H, Quan Y, Jin R, Feng B, Zheng M. E2A predicts prognosis of colorectal cancer patients and regulates cancer cell growth by targeting miR-320a. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85201. [PMID: 24454819 PMCID: PMC3890311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Transcriptional factor E2A is crucial for the normal development and differentiation of B and T lymphocytes. Dysregulation of E2A leads to leukemia and tumorigenesis of some solid tumors. The expression and clinical significance of E2A as well as its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) are still unknown. This study aims to assess E2A expression in CRC tissues, evaluate its prognosis value, and investigate its role in colon cancer cell growth. METHODS E2A expression in CRC tissues and normal mucosa was detected by immunohistochemical staining; Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox regression model were used to evaluate the prognostic value of E2A. Lentivirus was used to construct E2A stably knocked-down cells. MTT assay was employed to detect cell proliferation change; cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry; and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to validate the predicted binding target of E2A. RESULTS Expression of E2A was lower in CRC tissues than normal mucosa; low E2A expression correlated with advanced TNM stage and larger tumor size, and predicted poor prognosis of CRC patients. E2A knockdown resulted in increased cell proliferation rate and cell cycle acceleration. ChIP assay showed miR-320a was a direct target of E2A and upregulation of miR-320a in E2A downregulated cells could reverse cell proliferation and cell cycle changes caused by E2A deficiency. CONCLUSIONS E2A is an independent prognostic factor for CRC patients and targets miR-320a to regulate cell proliferation of colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Huang
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongchao Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjun Quan
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Runsen Jin
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Minhua Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Zhao H, Huang A, Li P, Quan Y, Feng B, Chen X, Mao Z, Zhu Z, Zheng M. E2A suppresses invasion and migration by targeting YAP in colorectal cancer cells. J Transl Med 2013; 11:317. [PMID: 24369055 PMCID: PMC3879192 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background E2A gene, which encodes two basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors E12 and E47, has been identified as regulator of B lymphoid hematopoiesis and suppressor of lymphoma. E47 protein was found to decrease E-cadherin expression and induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the role of E2A in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis is still elusive. Methods qRT-PCR and semi-qRT-PCR were performed to determine mRNA level of E2A in CRC specimens and colorectal cancer cells. RNAi was employed to downregulate E2A expression and subsequent protein level change was evaluated by immunoblot. Cell invasion and migration capacity were detected by transwell assay using cell culture inserts with or without basement membrane matrix, respectively. Results E2A expression was decreased in metastatic CRC tissues. Invasion and migration assays showed downregulation of E2A increased metastatic capacity of CRC cells while forced expression of E12 or E47 could offset this effect. Both E12 and E47 suppressed EMT induced by E2A downregulation. Moreover, Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) was a downstream target of E2A and suppression of YAP inhibited the pro-migration/invasion of E2A deficiency. Conclusion Our results suggest that E2A suppresses CRC cell metastasis, at least partially if not all, by inhibiting YAP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhihai Mao
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Rui Jin Er Rd, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Abstract
E-proteins are critical transcription factors in B-cell lymphopoiesis. E2A, 1 of 3 E-protein-encoding genes, is implicated in the induction of acute lymphoblastic leukemia through its involvement in the chromosomal translocation 1;19 and consequent expression of the E2A-PBX1 oncoprotein. An interaction involving a region within the N-terminal transcriptional activation domain of E2A-PBX1, termed the PCET motif, which has previously been implicated in E-protein silencing, and the KIX domain of the transcriptional coactivator CBP/p300, critical for leukemogenesis. However, the structural details of this interaction remain unknown. Here we report the structure of a 1:1 complex between PCET motif peptide and the KIX domain. Residues throughout the helical PCET motif that contact the KIX domain are important for both binding KIX and bone marrow immortalization by E2A-PBX1. These results provide molecular insights into E-protein-driven differentiation of B-cells and the mechanism of E-protein silencing, and reveal the PCET/KIX interaction as a therapeutic target for E2A-PBX1-induced leukemia.
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18
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Hyndman BD, Thompson P, Bayly R, Côté GP, LeBrun DP. E2A proteins enhance the histone acetyltransferase activity of the transcriptional co-activators CBP and p300. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2012; 1819:446-53. [PMID: 22387215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The E2A gene encodes the E-protein transcription factors E12 and E47 that play critical roles in B-lymphopoiesis. A somatic chromosomal translocation detectable in 5% of cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) involves E2A and results in expression of the oncogenic transcription factor E2A-PBX1. CREB binding protein (CBP) and its close paralog p300 are transcriptional co-activators with intrinsic histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity. We and others have shown that direct binding of an N-terminal transcriptional activation domain present in E12/E47 and E2A-PBX1 to the KIX domain of CBP/p300 contributes to E2A protein function. In the current work we show for the first time that the catalytic HAT activity of CBP/p300 is increased in the presence of residues 1-483 of E2A (i.e., the portion present in E2A-PBX1). The addition of purified, recombinant E2A protein to in vitro assays results in a two-fold augmentation of CBP/p300 HAT activity, whereas in vivo assays show a ten-fold augmentation of HAT-dependent transcriptional induction and a five-fold augmentation of acetylation of reporter plasmid-associated histone by CBP in response to co-transfected E2A. Our results indicate that the HAT-enhancing effect is independent of the well-documented E2A-CBP interaction involving the KIX domain and suggest a role for direct, perhaps low affinity binding of E2A to a portion of CBP that includes the HAT domain and flanking elements. Our findings add to a growing body of literature indicating that interactions between CBP/p300 and transcription factors can function in a specific manner to modulate HAT catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy D Hyndman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Canada
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Hyndman BD, Thompson P, Denis CM, Chitayat S, Bayly R, Smith SP, LeBrun DP. Mapping acetylation sites in E2A identifies a conserved lysine residue in activation domain 1 that promotes CBP/p300 recruitment and transcriptional activation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2011; 1819:375-81. [PMID: 22207202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
E-proteins are basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that function in cell type specification. The gene E2A encodes two E-proteins, E12 and E47, which are required in B-lymphopoiesis. E2A proteins can interact directly with the transcriptional co-activators and lysine acetyltranferases (KATs) CBP, p300 and PCAF to induce target gene transcription. Prior investigations have shown that the E2A-encoded isoform E2-5 is acetylated by CBP, p300 or PCAF in vitro or in vivo. However, E2-5 lacks the important N-terminal activation domain AD1. Furthermore, the acetylated residues in E-proteins have not been mapped, and the functional consequences of acetylation are largely unknown. Here, we use mutagenesis to show that a lysine residue at position 34 within AD1 of E12/E47 is acetylated by CBP/p300 and PCAF. Lys34 lies adjacent to a conserved helical LXXLL motif that interacts directly with the KIX domain of CBP/p300. We show that acetylation at Lys34 increases the affinity of AD1 for the KIX domain and enhances AD1-driven transcriptional induction. Our results illustrate for the first time that AD1 can both recruit, and be acetylated by, KATs and that KAT recruitment may promote transcriptional induction in part through acetylation of AD1 itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy D Hyndman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Rusiniak ME, Kunnev D, Freeland A, Cady GK, Pruitt SC. Mcm2 deficiency results in short deletions allowing high resolution identification of genes contributing to lymphoblastic lymphoma. Oncogene 2011; 31:4034-44. [PMID: 22158038 PMCID: PMC3309111 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mini-chromosome maintenance (Mcm) proteins are part of the replication licensing complex that is loaded onto chromatin during the G1-phase of the cell cycle and required for initiation of DNA replication in the subsequent S-phase. Mcm proteins are typically loaded in excess of the number of locations that are utilized during S-phase. Nonetheless, partial depletion of Mcm proteins leads to cancers and stem cell deficiencies. Mcm2 deficient mice, on a 129Sv genetic background, display a high rate of thymic lymphoblastic lymphoma. Here array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is utilized to characterize the genetic damage accruing in these tumors. The predominant events are deletions averaging less than 0.5 Mb, considerably shorter than observed in prior studies using alternative mouse lymphoma models or human tumors. Such deletions facilitate identification of specific genes and pathways responsible for the tumors. Mutations in many genes that have been implicated in human lymphomas are recapitulated in this mouse model. These features, and the fact that the mutation underlying the accelerated genetic damage does not target a specific gene or pathway a priori, are valuable features of this mouse model for identification of tumor suppressor genes. Genes affected in all tumors include Pten, Tcfe2a, Mbd3 and Setd1b. Notch1 and additional genes are affected in subsets of tumors. The high frequency of relatively short deletions is consistent with elevated recombination between nearby stalled replication forks in Mcm2 deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rusiniak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Huang AC, Hu L, Kauffman SA, Zhang W, Shmulevich I. Using cell fate attractors to uncover transcriptional regulation of HL60 neutrophil differentiation. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2009; 3:20. [PMID: 19222862 PMCID: PMC2652435 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-3-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The process of cellular differentiation is governed by complex dynamical biomolecular networks consisting of a multitude of genes and their products acting in concert to determine a particular cell fate. Thus, a systems level view is necessary for understanding how a cell coordinates this process and for developing effective therapeutic strategies to treat diseases, such as cancer, in which differentiation plays a significant role. Theoretical considerations and recent experimental evidence support the view that cell fates are high dimensional attractor states of the underlying molecular networks. The temporal behavior of the network states progressing toward different cell fate attractors has the potential to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms governing differentiation. RESULTS Using the HL60 multipotent promyelocytic leukemia cell line, we performed experiments that ultimately led to two different cell fate attractors by two treatments of varying dosage and duration of the differentiation agent all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). The dosage and duration combinations of the two treatments were chosen by means of flow cytometric measurements of CD11b, a well-known early differentiation marker, such that they generated two intermediate populations that were poised at the apparently same stage of differentiation. However, the population of one treatment proceeded toward the terminally differentiated neutrophil attractor while that of the other treatment reverted back toward the undifferentiated promyelocytic attractor. We monitored the gene expression changes in the two populations after their respective treatments over a period of five days and identified a set of genes that diverged in their expression, a subset of which promotes neutrophil differentiation while the other represses cell cycle progression. By employing promoter based transcription factor binding site analysis, we found enrichment in the set of divergent genes, of transcription factors functionally linked to tumor progression, cell cycle, and development. CONCLUSION Since many of the transcription factors identified by this approach are also known to be implicated in hematopoietic differentiation and leukemia, this study points to the utility of incorporating a dynamical systems level view into a computational analysis framework for elucidating transcriptional mechanisms regulating differentiation.
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Maston GA, Evans SK, Green MR. Transcriptional regulatory elements in the human genome. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2008; 7:29-59. [PMID: 16719718 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.genom.7.080505.115623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The faithful execution of biological processes requires a precise and carefully orchestrated set of steps that depend on the proper spatial and temporal expression of genes. Here we review the various classes of transcriptional regulatory elements (core promoters, proximal promoters, distal enhancers, silencers, insulators/boundary elements, and locus control regions) and the molecular machinery (general transcription factors, activators, and coactivators) that interacts with the regulatory elements to mediate precisely controlled patterns of gene expression. The biological importance of transcriptional regulation is highlighted by examples of how alterations in these transcriptional components can lead to disease. Finally, we discuss the methods currently used to identify transcriptional regulatory elements, and the ability of these methods to be scaled up for the purpose of annotating the entire human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A Maston
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
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Mohamedali A, Gäken J, Twine NA, Ingram W, Westwood N, Lea NC, Hayden J, Donaldson N, Aul C, Gattermann N, Giagounidis A, Germing U, List AF, Mufti GJ. Prevalence and prognostic significance of allelic imbalance by single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis in low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood 2007; 110:3365-73. [PMID: 17634407 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-03-079673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with normal cytogenetics accounts for approximately 50% of MDS patients. There are no pathognomonic markers in these cases and the diagnosis rests on cytomorphologic abnormalities in bone marrow and/or peripheral blood. Affymetrix high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping microarrays allow detection of cytogenetically cryptic genomic aberrations. We have studied 119 low-risk MDS patients (refractory anemia [RA] = 22; refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia [RCMD] = 51; refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts [RARS] = 12; refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia with ringed sideroblasts [RCMD-RS] = 12; 5q− syndrome = 16; refractory anemia with excess blasts [RAEB] = 6) using SNP microarrays to seek chromosomal markers undetected by conventional cytogenetics. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) detected by 50K arrays was verified using 250K and 500K arrays. We demonstrate the presence of uniparental disomy (UPD) in 46%, deletions in 10%, and amplifications in 8% of cases. Copy number (CN) changes were acquired, whereas UPDs were also detected in constitutional DNA. UPD on 4q was identified in 25% of RARS, 12% of RCMD with normal cytogenetics, 17% of RAEB, and 6% of 5q− syndrome cases. Univariate analysis showed deletions (P = .04) and International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS; P < .001) scores correlated with overall survival; however, on multivariate analysis only IPSS scores retained prognostic significance (P < .001). We show, for the first time, that SNP microarray analysis in low-risk MDS patients reveals hitherto unrecognized UPD and CN changes that may allow stratification of these patients for early therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azim Mohamedali
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
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Bayly R, Murase T, Hyndman BD, Savage R, Nurmohamed S, Munro K, Casselman R, Smith SP, LeBrun DP. Critical role for a single leucine residue in leukemia induction by E2A-PBX1. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:6442-52. [PMID: 16914730 PMCID: PMC1592826 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.02025-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In roughly 5% of cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a chromosomal translocation leads to expression of the oncogenic protein E2A-PBX1. The N-terminal portion of E2A-PBX1, encoded by the E2A gene, is identical in sequence to the corresponding portion of the E proteins E12/E47 and includes transcriptional activation domains. The C terminus consists of most of the HOX interacting transcription factor PBX1, including its DNA-binding homeodomain. Structure-function correlative experiments have suggested that oncogenesis by E2A-PBX1 requires an activation domain, called AD1, at the extreme N terminus. We recently demonstrated that a potentially helical portion of AD1 interacts directly with the transcriptional coactivator protein cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CBP) and that this interaction is essential in the immortalization of primary bone marrow cells in tissue culture. Here we show that a conserved LXXLL motif within AD1 is required in the interaction between E2A-PBX1 and the KIX domain of CBP. We show by circular dichroism spectroscopy that the LXXLL-containing portion of AD1 undergoes a helical transition upon interacting with the KIX domain and that amino acid substitutions that prevent helix formation prevent both the KIX interaction and cell immortalization by E2A-PBX1. Perhaps most strikingly, substitution of a single, conserved leucine residue (L20) within the LXXLL motif impairs leukemia induction in mice after transplantation with E2A-PBX1-expressing bone marrow. The KIX domain of CBP mediates well-characterized interactions with several transcription factors of relevance to leukemia induction. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the side chain of L20 might interact with a deep hydrophobic pocket in the KIX domain. Therefore, our results serve to identify a potential new drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bayly
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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Lotem J, Sachs L. Epigenetics and the plasticity of differentiation in normal and cancer stem cells. Oncogene 2006; 25:7663-72. [PMID: 16847453 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells are characterized by their differentiation to all cell types during embryogenesis. In adult life, different tissues also have somatic stem cells, called adult stem cells, which in specific niches can undergo multipotent differentiation. The use of these adult stem cells has considerable therapeutic potential for the regeneration of damaged tissues. In both embryonic and adult stem cells, differentiation is controlled by epigenetic mechanisms, and the plasticity of differentiation in these cells is associated with transcription accessibility for genes expressed in different normal tissues. Abnormalities in genetic and/or epigenetic controls can lead to development of cancer, which is maintained by self-renewing cancer stem cells. Although the genetic abnormalities produce defects in growth and differentiation in cancer stem cells, these cells have not always lost the ability to undergo differentiation through epigenetic changes that by-pass the genomic abnormalities, thus creating the basis for differentiation therapy. Like normal stem cells, cancer stem cells can show plasticity for differentiation. This plasticity of cancer stem cells is also associated with transcription accessibility for genes that are normally expressed in different tissues, including tissues other than those from which the cancers originated. This broad transcription accessibility can also contribute to the behavior of cancer cells by overexpressing genes that promote cell viability, growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lotem
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Lotem J, Netanely D, Domany E, Sachs L. Human cancers overexpress genes that are specific to a variety of normal human tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:18556-61. [PMID: 16339305 PMCID: PMC1317977 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0509360102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed gene expression data from three different kinds of samples: normal human tissues, human cancer cell lines, and leukemic cells from lymphoid and myeloid leukemia pediatric patients. We have searched for genes that are overexpressed in human cancer and also show specific patterns of tissue-dependent expression in normal tissues. Using the expression data of the normal tissues, we identified 4,346 genes with a high variability of expression and clustered these genes according to their relative expression level. Of 91 stable clusters obtained, 24 clusters included genes preferentially expressed either only in hematopoietic tissues or in hematopoietic and one to two other tissues; 28 clusters included genes preferentially expressed in various nonhematopoietic tissues such as neuronal, testis, liver, kidney, muscle, lung, pancreas, and placenta. Analysis of the expression levels of these two groups of genes in the human cancer cell lines and leukemias identified genes that were highly expressed in cancer cells but not in their normal counterparts and, thus, were overexpressed in the cancers. The different cancer cell lines and leukemias varied in the number and identity of these overexpressed genes. The results indicate that many genes that are overexpressed in human cancer cells are specific to a variety of normal tissues, including normal tissues other than those from which the cancer originated. It is suggested that this general property of cancer cells plays a major role in determining the behavior of the cancers, including their metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lotem
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Bayly R, Chuen L, Currie RA, Hyndman BD, Casselman R, Blobel GA, LeBrun DP. E2A-PBX1 interacts directly with the KIX domain of CBP/p300 in the induction of proliferation in primary hematopoietic cells. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:55362-71. [PMID: 15507449 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m408654200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The E2A gene encodes DNA-binding transcription factors, called E12 and E47, involved in cell specification and maturation. E2A is also involved in a chromosomal translocation that leads to the expression of an oncogenic transcription factor called E2A-PBX1 in cases of acute leukemia. In the work described here, we elucidate the interaction between E2A-PBX1 and transcriptional co-activators. We confirm that the E2A portion can interact with CBP and PCAF and map required elements on E2A and CBP. On CBP, the interaction involves the KIX domain, a well characterized domain that mediates interactions with several other oncogenic transcription factors. On E2A, the interaction with CBP requires conserved alpha-helical domains that reside within activation domains 1 and 2 (AD1 and AD2, respectively). Using purified, recombinant proteins, we show that the E2A-CBP interaction is direct. Notwithstanding the previously demonstrated ability of AD1 and AD2 to function independently, some of our findings suggest functional cooperativity between these two domains. Finally, we show that the CBP/p300-interactive helical domains of E2A are important in the induction of proliferation in cultured primary bone marrow cells retrovirally transduced with E2A-PBX1. Our findings suggest that some aspects of E2A-PBX1 oncogenesis involve a direct interaction with the KIX domain of CBP/p300.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bayly
- Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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