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Martinez-Cayuelas E, Moreno-Vinués B, Pérez-Sebastián I, Gavela-Pérez T, Del Rio-Camacho G, Garcés C, Soriano-Guillén L. Sleep problems and circadian rhythm functioning in autistic children, autism with co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and typically developing children: A comparative study. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024:13623613241254594. [PMID: 38813763 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241254594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Sleep problems are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and different factors can contribute to its occurrence in this population. Misalignment of the biological clock (our circadian system) has been described as one possible explanation. While there is a body of research on sleep problems, relatively less is known about circadian functioning and the specific population of autistic children with co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using an ambulatory circadian monitoring (ACM) system, which resembles a common watch, we gathered sleep parameters and the different rhythms obtained from measuring motor activity, light exposure and distal temperature in 87 autistic children and adolescents, 27 of whom were diagnosed with co-occurring ADHD, and 30 neurotypical children and adolescents as a comparison group. Autistic children and, especially, those with co-occurring ADHD showed greater motor activity during sleep which would be worth studying in future projects which could better define this restless sleep. Of note, we observed an atypical pattern of wrist temperature, with higher values in neurotypical children, followed by autistic children and, ultimately, those with co-occurring ADHD. Temperature is one of the most valuable factors evaluated here as it is closely connected to sleep-wakefulness and the hormone melatonin. Its special pattern during day and nighttime would support the hypothesis of an atypical secretion of melatonin in autistic individuals which would also link with the higher presence of sleep problems in this neurodevelopmental condition.
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Chang CS, Chang LY, Wu CC, Chang HY. Associations between social jetlag trajectories and body mass index among young adults. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad270. [PMID: 37855456 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study employed longitudinal data collected repeatedly from individuals over the course of several years to examine the trajectories of social jetlag from ages 11 to 22 years and their associations with subsequent body mass index (BMI). Potential sex differences were also investigated. METHODS Data were obtained from two longitudinal studies conducted in Taiwan (N = 4287). Social jetlag was defined as ≥ 2 hours of absolute difference in sleep midpoint between weekdays and weekends. BMI was calculated using weight (kg)/height(m)2 and categorized as underweight (<18 kg/m2), normal weight (18 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 24 kg/m2), overweight (24 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 27 kg/m2), and obese (≥27 kg/m2). Group-based trajectory modeling and multinomial logistic regression were applied to investigate study objectives. RESULTS Four distinct trajectories of social jetlag throughout the adolescent years were identified, with corresponding proportions as follows: low-stable (42%), moderate-decreasing (19%), low-increasing (22%), and chronic (17%) trajectories. Among males, the risk of being underweight (aOR, 1.96; 95% CI: 1.35 to 2.84) or obese (aOR, 1.40; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.92) was higher in individuals with a low-increasing trajectory than in those with a low-stable trajectory. Among females, those with a low-increasing (aOR, 1.61; 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.54) or chronic (aOR, 2.04; 95% CI: 1.27 to 3.25) trajectory were at a higher risk of being obese relative to those with a low-stable trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Addressing the development of increasing or chronic social jetlag during adolescence can help prevent abnormal BMI in young adulthood. Practitioners should consider sex differences in treatment or consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shuan Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yin Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Wu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yi Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
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Makarem N, German CA, Zhang Z, Diaz KM, Palta P, Duncan DT, Castro‐Diehl C, Shechter A. Rest-Activity Rhythms Are Associated With Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension, Obesity, and Central Adiposity in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032073. [PMID: 38156474 PMCID: PMC10863829 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.032073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rest-activity rhythms (RARs), a measure of circadian rhythmicity in the free-living setting, are related to mortality risk, but evidence is limited on associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants included 4521 adults from the 2013 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey physical activity monitoring examination. Wrist-worn ActiGraph GT3X+ data were used to estimate RARs. Multivariable logistic models evaluated associations of RARs with prevalent CVD, hypertension, obesity, and central adiposity. Participants (mean age, 49 years) in the highest versus lowest tertile of relative amplitude (greater circadian rhythmicity) had 39% to 62% lower odds of prevalent CVD, hypertension, obesity, and central adiposity. A more active wake period was associated with 19% to 72% lower CVD, hypertension, obesity, and central adiposity odds. Higher interdaily stability (regular sleep-wake and rest-activity patterns) was related to 52% and 23% lower CVD and obesity odds, respectively. In contrast, participants in the highest versus lowest tertile of intradaily variability (fragmented RAR and inefficient sleep) had >3-fold and 24% higher CVD and obesity odds, respectively. A later and less restful sleep period was associated with 36% to 2-fold higher CVD, hypertension, obesity, and central adiposity odds. A statistically significant linear trend was observed for all associations (P-trend<0.05). CONCLUSIONS A robust, stable, and less fragmented RAR, an active wake period, and an earlier and more restful sleep period are associated with lower prevalent CVD, hypertension, obesity, and central adiposity, with evidence of a dose-response relationship. The magnitude, timing, and regularity of sleep-wake and rest-activity patterns may be important targets for reducing cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Makarem
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Charles A. German
- Section of Cardiology, Department of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Zhanhao Zhang
- Department of StatisticsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY
| | - Keith M. Diaz
- Department of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular HealthColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Priya Palta
- Department of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of MedicineChapel HillNC
| | - Dustin T. Duncan
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | | | - Ari Shechter
- Department of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular HealthColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
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4
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Gubin D, Danilenko K, Stefani O, Kolomeichuk S, Markov A, Petrov I, Voronin K, Mezhakova M, Borisenkov M, Shigabaeva A, Yuzhakova N, Lobkina S, Weinert D, Cornelissen G. Blue Light and Temperature Actigraphy Measures Predicting Metabolic Health Are Linked to Melatonin Receptor Polymorphism. BIOLOGY 2023; 13:22. [PMID: 38248453 PMCID: PMC10813279 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the relationship between the light features of the Arctic spring equinox and circadian rhythms, sleep and metabolic health. Residents (N = 62) provided week-long actigraphy measures, including light exposure, which were related to body mass index (BMI), leptin and cortisol. Lower wrist temperature (wT) and higher evening blue light exposure (BLE), expressed as a novel index, the nocturnal excess index (NEIbl), were the most sensitive actigraphy measures associated with BMI. A higher BMI was linked to nocturnal BLE within distinct time windows. These associations were present specifically in carriers of the MTNR1B rs10830963 G-allele. A larger wake-after-sleep onset (WASO), smaller 24 h amplitude and earlier phase of the activity rhythm were associated with higher leptin. Higher cortisol was associated with an earlier M10 onset of BLE and with our other novel index, the Daylight Deficit Index of blue light, DDIbl. We also found sex-, age- and population-dependent differences in the parametric and non-parametric indices of BLE, wT and physical activity, while there were no differences in any sleep characteristics. Overall, this study determined sensitive actigraphy markers of light exposure and wT predictive of metabolic health and showed that these markers are linked to melatonin receptor polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Gubin
- Department of Biology, Tyumen Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia
- Laboratory for Chronobiology and Chronomedicine, Research Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technologies, Tyumen Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia; (K.D.); (A.S.)
- Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin Danilenko
- Laboratory for Chronobiology and Chronomedicine, Research Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technologies, Tyumen Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia; (K.D.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oliver Stefani
- Department Engineering and Architecture, Institute of Building Technology and Energy, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6048 Horw, Switzerland;
| | - Sergey Kolomeichuk
- Laboratory for Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics, Research Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technologies, Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia; (S.K.); (A.M.); (K.V.); (N.Y.)
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biology of the Karelian Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Markov
- Laboratory for Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics, Research Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technologies, Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia; (S.K.); (A.M.); (K.V.); (N.Y.)
| | - Ivan Petrov
- Department of Biological & Medical Physics UNESCO, Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia
| | - Kirill Voronin
- Laboratory for Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics, Research Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technologies, Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia; (S.K.); (A.M.); (K.V.); (N.Y.)
| | - Marina Mezhakova
- Laboratory for Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics, Research Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technologies, Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia; (S.K.); (A.M.); (K.V.); (N.Y.)
| | - Mikhail Borisenkov
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology of the Federal Research Centre Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia;
| | - Aislu Shigabaeva
- Laboratory for Chronobiology and Chronomedicine, Research Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technologies, Tyumen Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia; (K.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Natalya Yuzhakova
- Laboratory for Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics, Research Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technologies, Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia; (S.K.); (A.M.); (K.V.); (N.Y.)
| | - Svetlana Lobkina
- Healthcare Institution of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug “Tarko-Sale Central District Hospital”, 629850 Urengoy, Russia;
| | - Dietmar Weinert
- Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University, 06108 Halle-Wittenberg, Germany;
| | - Germaine Cornelissen
- Department of Integrated Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
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Fiore G, Scapaticci S, Neri CR, Azaryah H, Escudero-Marín M, Pascuzzi MC, La Mendola A, Mameli C, Chiarelli F, Campoy C, Zuccotti G, Verduci E. Chrononutrition and metabolic health in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad122. [PMID: 37944081 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity has emerged as a global health issue for the pediatric population, increasing the need to investigate physiopathological aspects to prevent the appearance of its cardiometabolic complications. Chrononutrition is a field of research in nutritional sciences that investigates the health impact of 3 different dimensions of feeding behavior: regularity of meals, frequency, and timing of food intake. OBJECTIVE We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between chrononutrition in children and adolescents and the risk of overweight/obesity or a cluster of metabolic abnormalities related to glucose and lipid metabolism, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease risk. DATA EXTRACTION A literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library for relevant articles published before August 2022. DATA ANALYSIS A total of 64 articles were included in the narrative synthesis (47 cross-sectional and 17 cohort studies), while 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that non-daily breakfast consumers (≤6 d/wk) had a higher risk of overweight/obesity (odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.82] compared with daily breakfast eaters (7 d/wk). Similarly, irregular breakfast consumption (only 0-to-3 times/wk) increased the risk of abdominal obesity (waist-to-height ratio ≥ 0.5) compared with regular consumption (5-to-7 times/wk) (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.26-1.49). There was evidence to suggest that a regular frequency of meal consumption (≥4 times/d) is preventive against overweight/obesity development compared with fewer meals (≤3 times/d) (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70-0.97). In the narrative synthesis, snacking habits showed controversial results, while food timing was the most understudied dimension. CONCLUSION Overall, our data indicate a potential implication of chrononutrition in affecting pediatric metabolic health; however, the evidence of this association is limited and heterogeneous. Further prospective and intervention studies with a consistent approach to categorize the exposure are needed to elucidate the importance of chrononutrition for pediatric metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Scapaticci
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Costanza R Neri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Hatim Azaryah
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Pediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mireia Escudero-Marín
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Pediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs-GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Neurosciences Institute Dr. Federico Oloriz, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Martina C Pascuzzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice La Mendola
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mameli
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Pediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs-GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Neurosciences Institute Dr. Federico Oloriz, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada's Node, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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6
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Martinez-Cayuelas E, Merino-Andreu M, Losada-Del Pozo R, Gavela-Pérez T, Garcés C, Soriano-Guillén L. Response to Melatonin Treatment in Children With Autism spectrum Disorder and Relationship to Sleep Parameters and Melatonin Levels. J Child Neurol 2023:8830738231173606. [PMID: 37192744 DOI: 10.1177/08830738231173606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is one of the most used pharmacologic treatments for sleep problems in autism spectrum disorder, though its relationship with circadian and sleep parameters is still not well stablished. A naturalistic study was conducted in children with autism spectrum disorder, previously drug-naïve, before and after treatment with immediate-release melatonin. Circadian rhythms and sleep parameters were studied using an ambulatory circadian-monitoring device, and saliva samples were collected enabling determination of dim light melatonin onset. Twenty-six children with autism spectrum disorder (age 10.50 ± 2.91) were included. Immediate-release melatonin modified circadian rhythm as indicated by wrist skin temperature, showing an increase at night. A positive correlation was found between time of peak melatonin and sleep efficiency improvement values. Sleep-onset latency and efficiency improved with immediate-release melatonin. Immediate-release melatonin could be an effective treatment to improve sleep onset and restore a typical pattern of wrist temperature, which appears to be lost in autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martinez-Cayuelas
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros Merino-Andreu
- Neurophisiology, Sleep Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261. 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Losada-Del Pozo
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Gavela-Pérez
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcés
- Lipid Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leandro Soriano-Guillén
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Grosjean E, Simonneaux V, Challet E. Reciprocal Interactions between Circadian Clocks, Food Intake, and Energy Metabolism. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040539. [PMID: 37106739 PMCID: PMC10136292 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Like other biological functions, food intake and energy metabolism display daily rhythms controlled by the circadian timing system that comprises a main circadian clock and numerous secondary clocks in the brain and peripheral tissues. Each secondary circadian clock delivers local temporal cues based on intracellular transcriptional and translational feedback loops that are tightly interconnected to intracellular nutrient-sensing pathways. Genetic impairment of molecular clocks and alteration in the rhythmic synchronizing cues, such as ambient light at night or mistimed meals, lead to circadian disruption that, in turn, negatively impacts metabolic health. Not all circadian clocks are sensitive to the same synchronizing signals. The master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus is mostly synchronized by ambient light and, to a lesser extent, by behavioral cues coupled to arousal and exercise. Secondary clocks are generally phase-shifted by timed metabolic cues associated with feeding, exercise, and changes in temperature. Furthermore, both the master and secondary clocks are modulated by calorie restriction and high-fat feeding. Taking into account the regularity of daily meals, the duration of eating periods, chronotype, and sex, chrononutritional strategies may be useful for improving the robustness of daily rhythmicity and maintaining or even restoring the appropriate energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Grosjean
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Challet
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Drummen M, Tischmann L, Swindell N, Stratton G, Raben A, Westerterp M, Adam T. Circadian rhythm parameters and physical activity associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in the PREVIEW lifestyle study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:744-756. [PMID: 36782388 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was an assessment of post hoc associations among circadian rhythm parameters, physical activity (PA), and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with obesity and prediabetes after 3 years of weight loss maintenance. METHODS Circadian rhythm parameters (continuous wrist-temperature measurements), PA, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR), plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, remnant cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were determined in 91 free-living participants (mean [SD], age = 56.6 [10] years; BMI = 28.2 [4.0]; homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] = 3.2 [3.1]) and in 38 participants in sedentary respiration chamber conditions (age = 56.6 [10] years; BMI = 28.5 [4.0]; HOMA-IR = 3.3 [1.4]). Associations of circadian rhythm parameters and PA with cardiometabolic risk factors were determined using factor analyses followed by Pearson correlations. RESULTS Values of cardiometabolic risk factors were similar, whereas circadian rhythm parameters and PA differed significantly (p < 0.05) between conditions. In both conditions, parameters indicating a robust circadian rhythm associated inversely with CRP and positively with plasma HDL-C concentrations. In free-living conditions, PA associated inversely with SBP and HR and positively with HDL-C and robust circadian rhythm parameters. In sedentary conditions, PA associated positively with HR and inversely with robust circadian rhythm parameters. PA mediated the inverse association of parameters indicating a robust circadian rhythm with SBP in free-living conditions. CONCLUSIONS In adults with obesity and prediabetes, parameters indicating a robust circadian rhythm were, independently of PA, associated with lower cardiometabolic risk and CRP. Only in free-living conditions, PA mediated the association of higher circadian stability with lower SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margriet S Westerterp-Plantenga
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Drummen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lea Tischmann
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Swindell
- Applied Sports Technology, Exercise and Medicine A-STEM Research Centre College of Engineering, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Gareth Stratton
- Applied Sports Technology, Exercise and Medicine A-STEM Research Centre College of Engineering, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen-Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marit Westerterp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Adam
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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9
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Lesani A, Barkhidarian B, Jafarzadeh M, Akbarzade Z, Djafarian K, Shab-Bidar S. Time-related meal patterns and breakfast quality in a sample of Iranian adults. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:13. [PMID: 36647126 PMCID: PMC9841660 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00666-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some evidence shows that meal timing is associated with diet quality. We aimed to investigate the relationship between meal timing and breakfast quality in a sample of Iranian adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 850 men and women living in Tehran, Iran. Dietary data was recorded by three non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. The Breakfast Quality Index (BQI) was calculated. Time-related meal patterns included the interval between the first and last meal (eating and fasting window), frequency of meals, length of sleep, and time of first and last eating occasion. The multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the relationships between time-related meal patterns and BQI. RESULTS The mean (95% CI) of BQI was 4.52 (4.45-4.65) and the maximum was 8. Bread, cheese, vegetables, fruits, energy, and carbohydrate intake showed positive associations with BQI scores. Longer fasting time showed a positive association with fruits (β (CI 95%)) (0.11 (0.0003-0.005), and vegetable consumption (0.12 (0.009-0.07)) and BQI score (0.39 (0.001-0.06)). Time of first eating occasions indicated a negative association with protein and fat intake and BQI score. Time of last eating occasions showed a positive association with vegetables consumption and BQI score. The longer length of sleep was associated with a higher BQI score. The frequency of meals was significantly and positively related to energy and macronutrients intake and BQI. CONCLUSION Earlier first and last meal, longer sleep length, longer fasting window, and a greater meal frequency were associated with a better breakfast quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Lesani
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Barkhidarian
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Jafarzadeh
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Akbarzade
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Longo-Silva G, Bezerra de Oliveira PM, Pedrosa AKP, Ribeiro da Silva J, Bernardes RS, Egito de Menezes RC, Marinho PDM. Breakfast skipping and timing of lunch and dinner: Relationship with BMI and obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:507-513. [PMID: 36357259 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether breakfast-skipping, late-lunch, and late-dinner eating are cross-sectionally associated with higher BMI and obesity. Also, to identify obesogenic behaviors and circadian-related variables, associated with late eating. METHODS Participants(n = 776) were part of exploratory, population-based research, with data collection in a virtual environment. They were grouped into breakfast-eaters (first meal until 10:00) and skippers (first meal after 10:00), and the population median for the lunch and dinner timing was used to stratify participants into early (lunch/dinner-time before 12:34/20:55) and late (lunch/dinner-time after 12:34/20:55) eaters. Student's t-test and chi-square test were performed to assess differences in characteristics and lifestyle traits between groups. Logistic regression models were used to assess differences in obesity between groups. Linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the association of the clock time of meals with BMI. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders variables. RESULTS BMI raised of 0.74 Kg/m2 for each additional hour of lunch-time [95 %CI= 0.31;1.18,P ≤ 0.001]. Breakfast-skippers [OR(95 % CI):1.84(1.02;3.31);P ≤ 0.05] and late-lunch eaters [OR(95 % CI):1.61(1.04;2.49),P ≤ 0.05] had higher odds of having obesity, compared with breakfast-eaters and early-lunch eaters, respectively. These associations were independent of age, gender, diet quality, physical activity duration, and region. No statistically significant differences were found in the comparison between early and late-dinner eaters. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that skipping breakfast and eating late-lunch are associated with BMI and higher odds of having obesity. Insights into the obesogenic behaviors/characteristics related to breakfast-skipping and late-eating may be helpful for future nutritional recommendations and obesity prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Longo-Silva
- Public Health Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Nutrition (FANUT), Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL CEP 57072-900, Brazil.
| | - Priscilla Márcia Bezerra de Oliveira
- Public Health Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Nutrition (FANUT), Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL CEP 57072-900, Brazil.
| | - Anny Kariny Pereira Pedrosa
- Public Health Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Nutrition (FANUT), Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL CEP 57072-900, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Ribeiro da Silva
- Public Health Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Nutrition (FANUT), Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL CEP 57072-900, Brazil.
| | - Renan Serenini Bernardes
- European PhD in Socio-Economic and Statistical Studies, Faculty of Economics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano, Rome..
| | - Risia Cristina Egito de Menezes
- Public Health Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Nutrition (FANUT), Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL CEP 57072-900, Brazil.
| | - Patricia de Menezes Marinho
- Public Health Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Nutrition (FANUT), Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL CEP 57072-900, Brazil.
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11
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Almaida-Pagan PF, Torrente M, Campos M, Provencio M, Madrid JA, Franco F, Morilla BR, Cantos B, Sousa PA, Madrid MJM, Pimentao J, Rol MÁ. Chronodisruption and Ambulatory Circadian Monitoring in Cancer Patients: Beyond the Body Clock. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:135-149. [PMID: 35061192 PMCID: PMC8857092 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Circadian rhythms impose daily rhythms a remarkable variety of metabolic and physiological functions, such as cell proliferation, inflammation, and DNA damage response. Accumulating epidemiological and genetic evidence indicates that circadian rhythms’ disruption may be linked to cancer. The integration of circadian biology into cancer research may offer new options for increasing cancer treatment effectiveness and would encompass the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. Recent Findings In recent years, there has been a significant development and use of multi-modal sensors to monitor physical activity, sleep, and circadian rhythms, allowing, for the very first time, scaling accurate sleep monitoring to epidemiological research linking sleep patterns to disease, and wellness applications providing new potential applications. Summary This review highlights the role of circadian clock in tumorigenesis, cancer hallmarks and introduces the state-of-the-art in sleep-monitoring technologies, discussing the eventual application of insights in clinical settings and cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro F Almaida-Pagan
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Torrente
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
- Medical Oncology Department, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, Calle Manuel de Falla, 1, 28222, Madrid, Spain.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Campos
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Madrid
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabio Franco
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez Morilla
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Cantos
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro A Sousa
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - María José Martínez Madrid
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joao Pimentao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - María Ángeles Rol
- Kronohealth SL, Murcia, Spain
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Martínez-Cayuelas E, Rodríguez-Morilla B, Soriano-Guillén L, Merino-Andreu M, Moreno-Vinués B, Gavela-Pérez T. Sleep Problems and Circadian Functioning in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Pediatr Neurol 2022; 126:57-64. [PMID: 34740134 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep problems are a prevalent comorbidity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with a multifactorial basis in which circadian misalignment has been described. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted including 52 children and adolescents with ASD (9.85 ± 3.07) and 27 children and adolescent controls with normal intellectual functioning (8.81 ± 2.14). They were matched for age, sex, and body mass index, and all were drug-naïve. An ambulatory circadian monitoring device was used to record temperature and motor, body position, sleep, and light intensity. RESULTS Individuals with ASD presented longer sleep-onset latency, lower sleep efficiency, and decreased total sleep time and tended to be more sedentary and have less exposure to light. They also showed lower amplitude, low interdaily stability, and a different pattern of wrist temperature across the day, with a midpoint of sleep that did not concur with sleep midpoint indicated by the rest of circadian parameters. CONCLUSIONS The sleep problems observed in this sample resemble those reported previously, with the exception of nocturnal awakenings which did not show differences. The ambulatory circadian monitoring device enabled measurement of circadian parameters such as temperature which, until now, were scarcely described in children with ASD and could be used to better understand sleep and circadian system in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martínez-Cayuelas
- Department of Pediatrics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Leandro Soriano-Guillén
- Department of Pediatrics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Moreno-Vinués
- Department of Pediatrics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Gavela-Pérez
- Department of Pediatrics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Zerón-Rugerio MF, Carpio-Arias TV, Ferreira-García E, Díez-Noguera A, Cambras T, Alda JÁ, Izquierdo-Pulido M. ADHD subtypes are associated differently with circadian rhythms of motor activity, sleep disturbances, and body mass index in children and adolescents: a case-control study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1917-1927. [PMID: 33063173 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To date, few studies have examined the circadian pattern of motor activity in children and adolescents newly diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective was to study the circadian pattern of motor activity in subjects with ADHD (medication naïve) and to investigate the relationships between alterations in circadian patterns, the ADHD subtype (combined or inattentive), sleep disturbances and body mass index (BMI). One-hundred twenty children and adolescents (60 medication naïve ADHD and 60 controls) were included in a gender- and age-matched case-control study. ADHD was diagnosed according to the DSM-IV-TR, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version, and the Conner's Parents Rating Scale-Revised. Circadian rhythms of motor activity and sleep parameters were measured using actigraphy and the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. BMI and dietary intake were also evaluated. ADHD patients showed a trend towards eveningness and greater sleep disturbances than controls. Additionally, patients with ADHD-combined had significantly higher mean values of motor activity and showed a significant delay in bedtime. Furthermore, among ADHD-C patients hyperactivity symptoms were significantly associated with the least 5 h of activity. Regarding patients with ADHD-inattentive, increased fragmentation of the circadian pattern was associated with inattention symptoms, and they also showed a significant increase in BMI of 2.52 kg/m2 [95% CI 0.31, 4.73] in comparison with controls. Our findings highlight the potential use of actigraphy as a clinical tool to aid in the diagnosis of ADHD. It should be noted that evaluating motor activity variables could also allow the differentiation between ADHD subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Zerón-Rugerio
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171. Recinte Torribera. Edifici Verdaguer, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, 08921, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Antoni Díez-Noguera
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trinitat Cambras
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Ángel Alda
- Children and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Izquierdo-Pulido
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171. Recinte Torribera. Edifici Verdaguer, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, 08921, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Goh GH, Mark PJ, Blache D, Binks D, Parsons R, Rawashdeh O, Maloney SK. Diet-altered body temperature rhythms are associated with altered rhythms of clock gene expression in peripheral tissues in vivo. J Therm Biol 2021; 100:102983. [PMID: 34503769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Temperature rhythms can act as potent signals for the modulation of the amplitude and phase of clock gene expression in peripheral organs in vitro, but the relevance of the circadian rhythm of core body temperature (Tc) as a modulating signal in vivo has not yet been investigated. Using calorie restriction and cafeteria feeding, we induced a larger and a dampened Tc amplitude, respectively, in male Wistar rats, and investigated the circadian expression profile of the core clock genes Bmal1, Per2, Cry1, and Rev-erbα, the heat-responsive genes heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and cold-inducible RNA binding protein (Cirbp), and Pgc1α, Pparα/γ/δ, Glut1/4, and Chop10 in the liver, skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT), and adrenal glands. Diet-altered Tc rhythms differentially affected the profiles of clock genes, Hsp90, and Cirbp expression in peripheral tissues. Greater Tc amplitudes elicited by calorie restriction were associated with large amplitudes of Hsp90 and Cirbp expression in the liver and WAT, in which larger amplitudes of clock gene expression were also observed. The amplitudes of metabolic gene expression were greater in the WAT, but not in the liver, in calorie-restricted rats. Conversely, diet-altered Tc rhythms were not translated to distinct changes in the amplitude of Hsp90, Cirbp, or clock or metabolic genes in the skeletal muscle or adrenal glands. While it was not possible to disentangle the effects of diet and temperature in this model, taken together with previous in vitro studies, our study presents novel data consistent with the notion that the circadian Tc rhythm can modulate the amplitude of circadian gene expression in vivo. The different responses of Hsp90 and Cirbp in peripheral tissues may be linked to the tissue-specific responses of peripheral clocks to diet and/or body temperature rhythms, but the association with the amplitude of metabolic gene expression is limited to the WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace H Goh
- School of Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia.
| | - Peter J Mark
- School of Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Dominique Blache
- School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Daniel Binks
- School of Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Rex Parsons
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Shane K Maloney
- School of Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
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15
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Tashakori M, Nahvi A, Ebrahimian Hadi Kiashari S. Driver drowsiness detection using facial thermal imaging in a driving simulator. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2021; 236:43-55. [PMID: 34477030 DOI: 10.1177/09544119211044232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Driver drowsiness causes fatal driving accidents. Thermal imaging is a suitable drowsiness detection method as it is non-invasive and robust against changes in the ambient light. In this paper, driver drowsiness is detected by measuring the forehead temperature at the region covering the supratrochlear artery and also the cheek temperature. About 30 subjects drove on a highway in a driving simulator in two sessions. A thermal camera was used to monitor the facial temperature pattern. The subjects' drowsiness levels were estimated by three human observers. The forehead and the cheek regions were located and tracked in each frame. The forehead and the cheek skin temperatures were obtained at three levels of drowsiness. The Support Vector Machine, the K-Nearest Neighbor, and the regression tree classifiers were used. From wakefulness to extreme drowsiness, the forehead skin temperature and the absolute cheek-forehead skin temperature gradient decreased by 0.46°C and 0.81°C, respectively. But the cheek skin temperature increased by 0.35°C in two sessions. The gradient difference is on average 50% higher than the forehead or the cheek temperature change alone. The results indicate that drowsiness can be detected with an accuracy of 82%, sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 90%, and precision of 84%. Driver drowsiness can be detected by monitoring changes in the forehead and the cheek temperature signal. Also, the temperature gradient can be used as a more robust and sensitive indicator of drowsiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Tashakori
- Virtual Reality Laboratory, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nahvi
- Virtual Reality Laboratory, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Reproducibility and associations with obesity and insulin resistance of circadian-rhythm parameters in free-living vs. controlled conditions during the PREVIEW lifestyle study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2038-2047. [PMID: 34099842 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythm is altered in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance, showing a smaller amplitude, less stability, and increased intradaily variation. OBJECTIVE We compared reproducibility of circadian-rhythm parameters over time and under free-living vs. controlled conditions in participants with obesity and pre-diabetes after 2- and 3-year weight-loss maintenance during the 3-year PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle intervention and population studies In Europe and around the World) study. Associations of obesity and insulin resistance with circadian-rhythm parameters were assessed. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Circadian-rhythm parameters were determined using continuous wrist-temperature measurements in free-living environments at year 2 (n = 24; age 56.8 ± 10.3 y; body mass index (BMI) = 30 ± 3.9 kg/m2; homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 2.4 ± 1.1), at year 3 (n = 97; age 61.7 ± 7.8; BMI = 29.7 ± 3.9; HOMA-IR 2.9 ± 2.1), and at year 3 in a controlled condition (n = 38; age 63.4 ± 6.7; BMI = 28.7 ± 3.9; HOMA-IR 3.8 ± 1.4). Reproducibility was assessed by analyzing repeatability coefficients (CR), differences, and associations, over time as well as between conditions. Associations of BMI and HOMA-IR with circadian-rhythm parameters were assessed at y-3 in both conditions using factor analysis, followed by Pearson's correlations. RESULTS Reproducibility of circadian-rhythm parameters over time in the free-living environments was high (CR 0.002-5.26; no significant differences; associated amplitudes r = 0.57; p < 0.01). In contrast, reproducibility between different conditions was low (CR 0.02-11.36; significant differences between most parameters (p < 0.05); yet associated amplitudes r = 0.59; p < 0.01). In the controlled vs. free-living condition circadian-rhythm was more stable; BMI and HOMA-IR were associated with the physiological amplitude-related parameters (r = -0.45; p < 0.01; r = -0.33; p < 0.05). In the free-living environment, BMI and behavioral circadian-rhythm parameters indicating circadian alignment, contributed most to the explained variation (47.1%), and were inversely associated (r = -0.22; p < 0.05), while HOMA-IR was inversely associated with stability-related circadian-rhythm parameters (r = -0.21; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Circadian rhythm was highly reproducible over time in the free-living environments, yet different under different conditions, being more stable in the controlled condition. BMI may play a significant role in circadian alignment and vice versa in the free-living environment.
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17
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Li J, Somers VK, Lopez-Jimenez F, Di J, Covassin N. Demographic characteristics associated with circadian rest-activity rhythm patterns: a cross-sectional study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:107. [PMID: 34407852 PMCID: PMC8371768 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rest-activity rhythm (RAR), a manifestation of circadian rhythms, has been associated with morbidity and mortality risk. However, RAR patterns in the general population and specifically the role of demographic characteristics in RAR pattern have not been comprehensively assessed. Therefore, we aimed to describe RAR patterns among non-institutionalized US adults and age, sex, and race/ethnicity variation using accelerometry data from a nationally representative population. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. Participants aged ≥20 years who were enrolled in the physical activity monitoring examination and had at least four 24-h periods of valid wrist accelerometer data were included in the present analysis. 24-h RAR metrics were generated using both extended cosinor model (amplitude, mesor, acrophase and pseudo-F statistic) and nonparametric methods (interdaily stability [IS] and intradaily variability [IV]). Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between RAR and age, sex, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS Eight thousand two hundred participants (mean [SE] age, 49.1 [0.5] years) were included, of whom 52.2% were women and 67.3% Whites. Women had higher RAR amplitude and mesor, and also more robust (pseudo-F statistic), more stable (higher IS) and less fragmented (lower IV) RAR (all P trend < 0.001) than men. Compared with younger adults (20-39 years), older adults (≥ 60 years) exhibited reduced RAR amplitude and mesor, but more stable and less fragmented RAR, and also reached their peak activity earlier (advanced acrophase) (all P trend < 0.001). Relative to other racial/ethnic groups, Hispanics had the highest amplitude and mesor level, and most stable (highest IS) and least fragmented (lowest IV) RAR pattern (P trend < 0.001). Conversely, non-Hispanic blacks had the lowest peak activity level (lowest amplitude) and least stable (lowest IS) RAR pattern (all P trend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In the general adult population, RAR patterns vary significantly according to sex, age and race/ethnicity. These results may reflect demographic-dependent differences in intrinsic circadian rhythms and may have important implications for understanding racial, ethnic, sex and other disparities in morbidity and mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingen Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Virend K Somers
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Francisco Lopez-Jimenez
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Junrui Di
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, 21205, USA
| | - Naima Covassin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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18
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Qian J, Martinez-Lozano N, Tvarijonaviciute A, Rios R, Scheer FAJL, Garaulet M. Blunted rest-activity rhythms link to higher body mass index and inflammatory markers in children. Sleep 2021; 44:6010463. [PMID: 33249510 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Disturbances of rest-activity rhythms are associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in adults. Whether such relationship exists in children is unclear. We aimed to examine cross-sectional associations of rest-activity rhythm characteristics with BMI z-score and obesity-related inflammatory markers in school-age children. METHODS Participants included 411 healthy children (mean ± SD age 10.1 ± 1.3 years, 50.8% girls) from a Mediterranean area of Spain who wore wrist accelerometers for 7 consecutive days. Metrics of rest-activity rhythm were derived using both parametric and nonparametric approaches. Obesity-related inflammatory markers were measured in saliva (n = 121). RESULTS In a multivariable-adjusted model, higher BMI z-score is associated with less robust 24-h rest-activity rhythms as represented by lower relative amplitude (-0.16 [95% CI -0.29, -0.02] per SD, p = 0.02). The association between BMI z-score and relative amplitude persisted with additional adjustment for sleep duration, and attenuated after adjustment for daytime activity level. Less robust rest-activity rhythms were related to increased levels of several salivary pro-inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, which is inversely associated with relative amplitude (-32.6% [-47.8%, -12.9%] per SD), independently of BMI z-score, sleep duration, and daytime activity level. CONCLUSION Blunted rest-activity rhythms are associated with higher BMI z-score and salivary pro-inflammatory markers already at an early age. The association with BMI z-score seem to be independent of sleep duration, and those with pro-inflammatory markers further independent of BMI z-score and daytime activity. Novel intervention targets at an early age based on improving the strength of rest-activity rhythms may help to prevent childhood obesity and related inflammation. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02895282.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Qian
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nuria Martinez-Lozano
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
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19
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Barnadas Solé C, Zerón Rugerio MF, Foncillas Corvinos J, Díez-Noguera A, Cambras T, Izquierdo-Pulido M. Sleeve gastrectomy in patients with severe obesity restores circadian rhythms and their relationship with sleep pattern. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:565-575. [PMID: 33435751 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1866003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Advances in research have linked alterations of circadian rhythms with obesity. However, few studies have focused on the recovery of the circadian expression after a weight loss treatment. Our aim was to study the alterations of the circadian rhythmicity due to morbid obesity and the recovery of the circadian pattern after weight loss in a cohort of patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy. For this purpose, 41 patients with severe obesity (75% women; age [mean (SD)] 49.7 ± 10 years; BMI 44.3 ± 6.2 kg/m2) were monitored before bariatric surgery and 9 months afterward. On both occasions, activity and wrist temperature were determined by actigraphy and were related with weight loss. Anthropometric, biochemical, and sleep-related variables, along with dietary intake and physical activity, were analyzed in relation with circadian rhythmicity. Results show significant differences in the circadian expression before and after 9 months of bariatric surgery, with more stable and less fragmented rhythms after weight loss. Moreover, only after surgery were the circadian variables associated to sleep timing and chronotype. The findings of this study indicate that weight loss treatment in patients with morbid obesity improves the circadian rhythm expression, and in such a way that it could be associated with better sleep quality. Moreover, it allows the recovery of the relationship between sleep patterns and circadian rhythm that was lost due to the obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Barnadas Solé
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and General and Digestive Surgery, Clínica Sagrada Familia, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Nutrition and General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitari del Sagrat Cor de Barcelona (HUSC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Fernanda Zerón Rugerio
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Foncillas Corvinos
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and General and Digestive Surgery, Clínica Sagrada Familia, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Nutrition and General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitari del Sagrat Cor de Barcelona (HUSC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Díez-Noguera
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trinitat Cambras
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Izquierdo-Pulido
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Circadian Patterns of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Obstructive Sleep Apnea. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020244. [PMID: 33440893 PMCID: PMC7826782 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep apnea, a condition that modifies sleep and circadian rhythms, is highly prevalent in patients with diabetes. However, it is not known if there is an association between sleep apnea, circadian alterations and glycemic regulation in this type of patient. Here, a polysomnographic study was carried out on 21 women and 25 men (mean age = 64.3 ± 1.46 years) with diagnoses of type 2 diabetes to detect the presence of sleep apnea. Moreover, patients wore an actigraph and a temperature sensor on the wrist for one week, to study the manifestation of the circadian rhythms. The correlations of circadian and polysomnographic variables with the severity of apnea, measured by the apnea-hypopnea index, and with glycemic dysregulation, measured by the percentage of glycated hemoglobin, were analyzed. The mean apnea-hypoapnea index of all the participants was 39.6 ± 4.3. Apnea-hypoapnea index correlated with % N1, negatively with % N3, and also the stability of the active circadian rhythm. However, no significant correlation was found between the apnea-hypopnea index and wrist temperature rhythm and glycated hemoglobin. Glycated hemoglobin levels were negatively associated with the percentage of variance explained by the wrist temperature circadian rhythm (calculated via 24 and 12 h rhythms). This association was independent of body mass index and was strongest in patients with severe apnea. In conclusion, patients with diabetes showed altered circadian rhythms associated with a poor glycemic control and this association could partially be related to the coexistence of sleep apnea.
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21
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Zerón-Rugerio MF, Díez-Noguera A, Izquierdo-Pulido M, Cambras T. Higher eating frequency is associated with lower adiposity and robust circadian rhythms: a cross-sectional study. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:17-27. [PMID: 33094802 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although overweight and obesity are assumed to arise from an energy imbalance, evidence has shown that the frequency and timing of meals are also potential risk factors for obesity. However, the lack of a consistent approach to define eating patterns relative to internal circadian rhythms limits the extent of these findings. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the association of the circadian pattern of energy intake with adiposity and with internal circadian rhythms. METHODS A total of 260 Spanish adults (aged 20-30 y; 78.1% women) were included in a 6-d cross-sectional study. Participants documented sleep and dietary intake within the study period. From these data, we evaluated the chronotype, eating patterns (meal timing, eating duration, and eating frequency), and we obtained the daily profile of energy intake. In addition, we evaluated the circadian pattern of wrist temperature (internal circadian rhythm marker). Circadian patterns of energy intake and wrist temperature were analyzed, and their association among them and with anthropometric variables and diet quality was studied. RESULTS The greater fragmentation of the circadian pattern of energy intake was associated with lower BMI (in kg/m2; -10.55; 95% CI: -16.96, -4.13; P = 0.001). In addition, a greater eating frequency (≥5 eating occasions/d) was significantly associated with lower BMI (-1.88; 95% CI: -3.27, -0.48) and higher energy intake after 20:00 (4.14% of kcal; 95% CI: 1.67, 7.16). Furthermore, a greater eating frequency was associated with lower fragmentation (P = 0.042) and greater stability of the circadian pattern of wrist temperature (P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS The daily pattern of energy intake is associated with adiposity and robust circadian rhythms. Our results shed light on the relevance of eating frequency as a potential zeitgeber for the circadian system. Although more evidence is needed, eating frequency could be considered for future chrono-nutritional recommendations for the prevention of circadian misalignment and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Zerón-Rugerio
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Díez-Noguera
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Izquierdo-Pulido
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trinitat Cambras
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Late Eating Is Associated with Obesity, Inflammatory Markers and Circadian-Related Disturbances in School-Aged Children. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092881. [PMID: 32967204 PMCID: PMC7551460 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Late eating has been shown to promote metabolic dysregulation and to be associated with obesity in adults. However, few studies have explored this association in children. We compared the presence of obesity, metabolic alterations and circadian-related disturbances between school-aged children who were early dinner eaters (EDE) or late dinner eaters (LDE). School-age children (n = 397; 8-12 years; mean BMI (range): 19.4 kg/m2 (11.6-35.1); 30.5% overweight/obesity) from Spain were classified into EDE and LDE, according to dinner timing (Median: 21:07). Seven-day-dietary-records were used to assess food-timing and composition. Non-invasive tools were used to collect metabolic biomarkers (saliva), sleep and circadian-related variables (body-temperature and actigraphy). Compared to EDE, LDE were more likely to be overweight/obese [OR: 2.1 (CI: 1.33, 3.31); p = 0.002], and had higher waist-circumference and inflammatory markers, such as IL-6 (1.6-fold) (p = 0.036)) and CRP (1.4-fold) than EDE (p = 0.009). LDE had alterations in the daily patterns of: (a) body-temperature, with a phase delay of 26 min (p = 0.002), and a reduced amplitude (LDE = 0.028 (0.001) and EDE = 0.030 (0.001) (Mean (SEM); p = 0.039); (b) cortisol, with a reduced amplitude (LDE = 0.94 (0.02) and EDE = 1.00 (0.02); p = 0.035). This study represents a significant step towards the understanding of novel aspects in the timing of food intake in children.
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23
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Zerón-Rugerio MF, Diez-Noguera A, Izquierdo-Pulido M, Cambras T. Adiposity and body mass index of young women are associated with altered 24-hour profile of wrist temperature and sleep quality. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1580-1590. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1785486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Zerón-Rugerio
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Diez-Noguera
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Izquierdo-Pulido
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trinitat Cambras
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Kennard HR, Huebner GM, Shipworth D, Oreszczyn T. The associations between thermal variety and health: Implications for space heating energy use. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236116. [PMID: 32697777 PMCID: PMC7375518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fossil fuels dominate domestic heating in temperate climates. In the EU, domestic space heating accounts for around 20% of final energy demand. Reducing domestic demand temperatures would reduce energy demand. However, cold exposure has been shown to be associated with adverse health conditions. Using an observational dataset of 77,762 UK Biobank participants, we examine the standard deviation of experienced temperature (named here thermal variety) measured by a wrist worn activity and temperature monitor. After controlling for covariates such as age, activity level and obesity, we show that thermal variety is 0.15°C 95% CI [0.07–0.23] higher for participants whose health satisfaction was ‘extremely happy’ compared to ‘extremely unhappy’. Higher thermal variety is also associated with a lower risk of having morbidities related to excess winter deaths. We argue that significant CO2 savings would be made by increasing thermal variety and reducing domestic demand temperatures in the healthiest homes. However, great care is needed to avoid secondary health impacts due to mould and damp. Vulnerable households should receive increased attention.
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25
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Navarrete E, Díaz-Villaseñor A, Díaz G, Salazar AM, Montúfar-Chaveznava R, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Caldelas I. Misadjustment of diurnal expression of core temperature and locomotor activity in lactating rabbits associated with maternal over-nutrition before and during pregnancy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232400. [PMID: 32384084 PMCID: PMC7209125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic parameters ranging from circulating nutrient levels and substrate utilization to energy expenditure and thermogenesis are temporally modulated by the circadian timing system. During critical embryonic developmental periods, maternal over-nutrition could alter key elements in different tissues associated with the generation of circadian rhythmicity, compromising normal rhythmicity development. To address this issue, we determine whether maternal over-nutrition leads to alterations in the development of circadian rhythmicity at physiological and behavioral levels in the offspring. For this, female rabbits were fed a standard diet (SD) or high-fat and carbohydrate diet (HFCD) before mating and during gestation. Core body temperature and gross locomotor activity were continuously recorded in newborn rabbits, daily measurements of body weight and the amount of milk ingested was carried out. At the end of lactation, tissue samples, including brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT), were obtained for determining the expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) and cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-like effector A (CIDEA) genes. HFCD pups exhibited conspicuous differences in the development of the daily rhythm of temperature and locomotor activity compared to the SD pups, including a significant increase in the daily mean core temperature, changes in the time when temperature or activity remains above the average, shifts in the acrophase, decrease in the duration and intensity of the anticipatory rise previous to nursing, and changes in frequency of the rhythms. HFCD pups exhibited a significant increase in BAT thermogenesis markers, and a decrease of these markers in WAT, indicating more heat generation by brown adipocytes and alterations in the browning process. These results indicate that maternal over-nutrition alters offspring homeostatic and chronostatic regulation at the physiological and behavioral levels. Further studies are needed to determine whether these alterations are associated with the changes in the organization of the circadian system of the progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Navarrete
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Andrea Díaz-Villaseñor
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Georgina Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ivette Caldelas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- * E-mail:
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26
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Casey T, Sun H, Suarez-Trujillo A, Crodian J, Zhang L, Plaut K, Burgess HJ, Dowden S, Haas DM, Ahmed A. Pregnancy rest-activity patterns are related to salivary cortisol rhythms and maternal-fetal health indicators in women from a disadvantaged population. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229567. [PMID: 32126104 PMCID: PMC7053712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Irregular rest-activity patterns can disrupt metabolic and hormonal physiology and potentially lead to disease. Little is known regarding rest-activity patterns during gestation and their association with hormonal rhythms and health in pregnant women. We conducted a pilot study to determine if 24 h rest-activity was related to saliva cortisol rhythms and maternal-fetal health in an economically disadvantaged population. Primiparous women wore a wrist actigraphy device for a week to record activity during gestational weeks 22 (G22; n = 50) and 32 (G32; n = 46) and postpartum week one (PPW1; n = 39). Participants collected saliva samples every 4 hr over a 24 hr period during G22 (n = 22), G32 (n = 20) and 24–48 hr postnatal (n = 20), and cortisol concentrations were measured with ELISA. Circadian rhythmicity was assessed using autocorrelation coefficient (r24) and cosinor analysis. Blood glucose levels, body mass index (BMI), gestational disease data, and gestational age of infant at birth were abstracted from medical charts. Time of cortisol peak (acrophase) during G22 was related with acrophase of activity (r = 0.66; p = 0.001) and blood glucose levels (r = 0.58; p = 0.006). During G22, minutes of wake after sleep onset was positively related to cortisol mesor and AUC (p <0.05). Rest-activity r24, R2, and mesor during G32 were positively (p<0.05) associated with gestational age of infant at birth. Across all three time points r24 of activity was related with cortisol amplitude (r = 0.33; p = 0.01). Findings support a relationship between rest-activity patterns and saliva cortisol rhythms during pregnancy. The association of less robust activity rhythms with earlier gestational age of infant at birth indicates a potential link between circadian system disruption and maternal-fetal health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Casey
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Aridany Suarez-Trujillo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Crodian
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Lingsong Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Karen Plaut
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Helen J. Burgess
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Shelley Dowden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - David M. Haas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Azza Ahmed
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
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27
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Lopez-Minguez J, Gómez-Abellán P, Garaulet M. Timing of Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner. Effects on Obesity and Metabolic Risk. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2624. [PMID: 31684003 PMCID: PMC6893547 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Eating is fundamental to survival. Animals choose when to eat depending on food availability. The timing of eating can synchronize different organs and tissues that are related to food digestion, absorption, or metabolism, such as the stomach, gut, liver, pancreas, or adipose tissue. Studies performed in experimental animal models suggest that food intake is a major external synchronizer of peripheral clocks. Therefore, the timing of eating may be decisive in fat accumulation and mobilization and affect the effectiveness of weight loss treatments. (2) Results: We will review multiple studies about the timing of the three main meals of the day, breakfast, lunch and dinner, and its potential impact on metabolism, glucose tolerance, and obesity-related factors. We will also delve into several mechanisms that may be implicated in the obesogenic effect of eating late. Conclusion: Unusual eating time can produce a disruption in the circadian system that might lead to unhealthy consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Lopez-Minguez
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia; Spain.
- IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia; Spain.
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28
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Acosta FM, Martinez-Tellez B, Blondin DP, Haman F, Rensen PCN, Llamas-Elvira JM, Martinez-Nicolas A, Ruiz JR. Relationship between the Daily Rhythm of Distal Skin Temperature and Brown Adipose Tissue 18F-FDG Uptake in Young Sedentary Adults. J Biol Rhythms 2019; 34:533-550. [PMID: 31389278 PMCID: PMC6732824 DOI: 10.1177/0748730419865400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines whether the daily rhythm of distal skin temperature (DST) is associated with brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism as determined by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake in young adults. Using a wireless thermometer (iButton) worn on the nondominant wrist, DST was measured in 77 subjects (26% male; age 22 ± 2 years; body mass index 25.2 ± 4.8 kg/m2) for 7 consecutive days. The temperatures to which they were habitually exposed over the day were also recorded. The interday stability of DST was calculated from the collected data, along with the intraday variability and relative amplitude; the mean temperature of the 5 and 10 consecutive hours with the maximum and minimum DST values, respectively; and when these hours occurred. Following exposure to cold, BAT volume and mean and peak standardized 18F-FDG uptake (SUVmean and SUVpeak) were determined for each subject via static 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanning. Relative amplitude and the time at which the 10 consecutive hours of minimum DST values occurred were positively associated with BAT volume, SUVmean, and SUVpeak (p ≤ 0.02), whereas the mean DST of that period was inversely associated with the latter BAT variables (p ≤ 0.01). The interday stability and intraday variability of the DST were also associated (directly and inversely, respectively) with BAT SUVpeak (p ≤ 0.02 for both). All of these associations disappeared, however, when the analyses were adjusted for the ambient temperature to which the subjects were habitually exposed. Thus, the relationship between the daily rhythm of DST and BAT activity estimated by 18F-FDG uptake is masked by environmental and likely behavioral factors. Of note is that those participants exposed to the lowest ambient temperature showed 3 to 5 times more BAT volume and activity compared with subjects who were exposed to a warmer ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M Acosta
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - François Haman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jose M Llamas-Elvira
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Martinez-Nicolas
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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29
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Weak Associations of Morningness-Eveningness and Stability with Skin Temperature and Cortisol Levels. J Circadian Rhythms 2019; 17:8. [PMID: 31346336 PMCID: PMC6640256 DOI: 10.5334/jcr.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences in daytime preferences can be described on the dimension of morningness-eveningness (continuous) or circadian typology (categorical) and are associated with our physiological functioning, which is reflected in body temperature and cortisol levels in the morning. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between morningness-eveningness, stability and physiological markers (body temperature and cortisol) based on a three-dimensional conceptualization of morningness-eveningness using the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability Scale improved (MESSi). In contrast to previously used unidimensional measures, the MESSi determines circadian typology and its amplitude in three dimensions: Morning affect (MA), Eveningness (EV) and Stability/Distinctness (DI). Furthermore, the differences of the cortisol levels between weekday and weekend were examined. The sample (N = 42) consisted of extreme chronotypes (age 18–54 years; M = 24.8 years, SD = 5.83; 22 morning types [5 men and 17 women] and 20 evening types [8 men and 12 women]). The participants were asked to measure their skin temperature for one week and sample four saliva probes for cortisol determination. Morning types showed a better fit in the actual temperature data to the approximating data as compared to Evening types and showed a higher overall temperature. The Stability/Distinctness (DI) component of the MESSi was negatively correlated with the nadir. Morning types also showed higher cortisol levels than Evening types immediately after awakening. The cortisol levels were higher on a weekday compared to the weekend. To conclude, the present findings demonstrate that the skin temperature is weakly associated with morningness-eveningness and the stability of the circadian phase.
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30
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Martinez‐Tellez B, Adelantado‐Renau M, Acosta FM, Sanchez‐Delgado G, Martinez‐Nicolas A, Boon MR, Llamas‐Elvira JM, Martinez‐Vizcaino V, Ruiz JR. The Mediating Role of Brown Fat and Skeletal Muscle Measured by 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose in the Thermoregulatory System in Young Adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:963-970. [PMID: 31006988 PMCID: PMC6594074 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine whether brown adipose tissue (BAT) or skeletal muscle activity mediates the relationship between personal level of environmental temperature (Personal-ET) and wrist skin temperature (WT). Moreover, we examined whether BAT and skeletal muscle have a mediating role between Personal-ET and WT (as a proxy of peripheral vasoconstriction/vasodilation). METHODS The levels of BAT were quantified by cold-induced 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan and measured the Personal-ET and WT by using iButtons (Maxim Integrated, Dallas, Texas) in 75 participants (74.6% women). RESULTS The study found that BAT volume and metabolic activity played a positive and significant role (up to 25.4%) in the association between Personal-ET and WT. In addition, at the coldest temperatures, the participants with lower levels of WT (inducing higher peripheral vasoconstriction) had higher levels of BAT outcomes, whereas in warm temperatures, participants with higher levels of WT (inducing higher peripheral vasodilation) had lower levels of BAT outcomes. The study did not find any mediating role of skeletal muscle activity. CONCLUSIONS BAT volume and metabolic activity play a role in the relationship between Personal-ET and WT. Moreover, the data suggest that there are two distinct phenotypes: individuals who respond better to the cold, both through nonshivering thermogenesis and peripheral vasoconstriction, and individuals who respond better to the heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Martinez‐Tellez
- Promoting Fitness & Health Through Physical Activity Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Francisco M. Acosta
- Promoting Fitness & Health Through Physical Activity Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez‐Delgado
- Promoting Fitness & Health Through Physical Activity Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | - Antonio Martinez‐Nicolas
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of BiologyMare Nostrum Campus, University of Murcia, Instituto Universitario de Investgiación e Envegecimiento (IUIE), Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)‐ArrixacaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento SaludableMadridSpain
| | - Mariëtte R. Boon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Jose M. Llamas‐Elvira
- Nuclear Medicine ServiceVirgen de las Nieves University HospitalGranadaSpain
- Nuclear Medicine DepartmentBiohealth Research Institute in GranadaGranadaSpain
| | - Vicente Martinez‐Vizcaino
- Health and Social Research Center, Castilla‐La Mancha UniversityCuencaSpain
- Faculty of Health SciencesAutonomous University of ChileTalcaChile
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- Promoting Fitness & Health Through Physical Activity Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
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31
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Madrid-Navarro CJ, Puertas Cuesta FJ, Escamilla-Sevilla F, Campos M, Ruiz Abellán F, Rol MA, Madrid JA. Validation of a Device for the Ambulatory Monitoring of Sleep Patterns: A Pilot Study on Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2019; 10:356. [PMID: 31031690 PMCID: PMC6470193 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of wearable devices has increase interest in the use of ambulatory methods to detect sleep disorders more objectively than those permitted by subjective scales evaluating sleep quality, while subjects maintain their usual lifestyle. This study aims to validate an ambulatory circadian monitoring (ACM) device for the detection of sleep and wake states and apply it to the evaluation of sleep quality in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). A polysomnographic validation study was conducted on a group of patients with different sleep disorders in a preliminary phase, followed by a pilot study to apply this methodology to PD patients. The ACM device makes it possible to estimate the main sleep parameters very accurately, as demonstrated by: (a) the lack of significant differences between the mean values detected by PSG and ACM in time in bed (TIB), total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and time awake after sleep onset (WASO); (b) the slope of the correlation lines between the parameters estimated by the two procedures, very close to 1, which demonstrates the linearity of the predictions; (c) the low bias value in the estimates obtained through ACM. Sleep in PD is associated with lower distal skin temperature, efficiency and overall sleep time; greater WASO, activity during sleep and duration of naps and a worse circadian function index. In summary, the ACM device has proven to be clinically useful to evaluate sleep in an objective manner, thanks to the integrated management of different complementary variables, having advantages over conventional actigraphy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Javier Madrid-Navarro
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Puertas Cuesta
- Unidad de Sueño, Hospital Universitario de la Ribera de Alzira, Valencia, Spain.,Centre de Sommeil, Service de Neurologie, CHU Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Francisco Escamilla-Sevilla
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Campos
- Chronobiology Laboratory, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Maria Angeles Rol
- Chronobiology Laboratory, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Madrid
- Chronobiology Laboratory, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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32
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Oseguera-Castro KY, Madrid JA, Martínez Madrid MJ, García OP, del Castillo MD, Campos-Vega R. Antioxidant dietary fiber isolated from spent coffee (Coffea arabica L.) grounds improves chronotype and circadian locomotor activity in young adults. Food Funct 2019; 10:4546-4556. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01021a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study shows for the first time, the modulation of the circadian rhythm and the positive chronobiotic effects of humans, by a dietary intervention, in daily life, with food or dietary fiber source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Y. Oseguera-Castro
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la Republica (PROPAC)
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science
- School of Chemistry
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro
- 76010 Santiago de Querétaro
| | - Juan A. Madrid
- Chronobiology Lab
- Department of Physiology
- College of Biology
- University of Murcia
- Mare Nostrum Campus. IUIE
| | - María José Martínez Madrid
- Chronobiology Lab
- Department of Physiology
- College of Biology
- University of Murcia
- Mare Nostrum Campus. IUIE
| | - Olga P. García
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro
- Querétaro
- Mexico
| | - Maria Dolores del Castillo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM)
- Campus de la UniversidadAutónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Rocio Campos-Vega
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la Republica (PROPAC)
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science
- School of Chemistry
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro
- 76010 Santiago de Querétaro
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33
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Cespedes Feliciano EM, Quante M, Weng J, Mitchell JA, James P, Marinac CR, Mariani S, Redline S, Kerr J, Godbole S, Manteiga A, Wang D, Hipp JA. Actigraphy-Derived Daily Rest-Activity Patterns and Body Mass Index in Community-Dwelling Adults. Sleep 2018; 40:4344553. [PMID: 29029250 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives To examine associations between 24-hour rest-activity patterns and body mass index (BMI) among community-dwelling US adults. Rest-activity patterns provide a field method to study exposures related to circadian rhythms. Methods Adults (N = 578) wore an actigraph on their nondominant wrist for 7 days. Intradaily variability and interdaily stability (IS), M10 (most active 10-hours), L5 (least active 5-hours), and relative amplitude (RA) were derived using nonparametric rhythm analysis. Mesor, acrophase, and amplitude were calculated from log-transformed count data using the parametric cosinor approach. Results Participants were 80% female and mean (standard deviation) age was 52 (15) years. Participants with higher BMI had lower values for magnitude, RA, IS, total sleep time (TST), and sleep efficiency. In multivariable analyses, less robust 24-hour rest-activity patterns as represented by lower RA were consistently associated with higher BMI: comparing the bottom quintile (least robust) to the top quintile (most robust 24-hour rest-activity pattern) of RA, BMI was 3-kg/m2 higher (p = .02). Associations were similar in magnitude to an hour less of TST (1-kg/m2 higher BMI) or a 10% decrease in sleep efficiency (2-kg/m2 higher BMI), and independent of age, sex, race, education, and the duration of rest and/or activity. Conclusions Lower RA, reflecting both higher night activity and lower daytime activity, was associated with higher BMI. Independent of the duration of rest or activity during the day or night, 24-hour rest, and activity patterns from actigraphy provide aggregated measures of activity that associate with BMI in community-dwelling adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirja Quante
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Jia Weng
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jonathan A Mitchell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, MA.,Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Sara Mariani
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, MA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jacqueline Kerr
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Moores UC San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA
| | - Suneeta Godbole
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Alicia Manteiga
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Daniel Wang
- Moores UC San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA
| | - J Aaron Hipp
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.,Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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34
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Shilaih M, Goodale BM, Falco L, Kübler F, De Clerck V, Leeners B. Modern fertility awareness methods: wrist wearables capture the changes in temperature associated with the menstrual cycle. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171279. [PMID: 29175999 PMCID: PMC6265623 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Core and peripheral body temperatures are affected by changes in reproductive hormones during the menstrual cycle. Women worldwide use the basal body temperature (BBT) method to aid and prevent conception. However, prior research suggests that taking one's daily temperature can prove inconvenient and subject to environmental factors. We investigate whether a more automatic, non-invasive temperature measurement system can detect changes in temperature across the menstrual cycle. We examined how wrist skin temperature (WST), measured with wearable sensors, correlates with urinary tests of ovulation and may serve as a new method of fertility tracking. One hundred and thirty-six eumenorrheic, non-pregnant women participated in an observational study. Participants wore WST biosensors during sleep and reported their daily activities. An at-home luteinizing hormone (LH) test was used to confirm ovulation. WST was recorded across 437 cycles (mean cycles/participant = 3.21, S.D. = 2.25). We tested the relationship between the fertile window and WST temperature shifts, using the BBT three-over-six rule. A sustained 3-day temperature shift was observed in 357/437 cycles (82%), with the lowest cycle temperature occurring in the fertile window 41% of the time. Most temporal shifts (307/357, 86%) occurred on ovulation day (OV) or later. The average early-luteal phase temperature was 0.33°C higher than in the fertile window. Menstrual cycle changes in WST were impervious to lifestyle factors, like having sex, alcohol, or eating prior to bed, that, in prior work, have been shown to obfuscate BBT readings. Although currently costlier than BBT, the present study suggests that WST could be a promising, convenient parameter for future multiparameter fertility awareness methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaned Shilaih
- Clinic for Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Brigitte Leeners
- Clinic for Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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35
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Martinez-Tellez B, Xu H, Sanchez-Delgado G, Acosta FM, Rensen PCN, Llamas-Elvira JM, Ruiz JR. Association of wrist and ambient temperature with cold-induced brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle [18F]FDG uptake in young adults. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R1281-R1288. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00238.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity is influenced by the outdoor temperature variation. However, people spend most of their time indoors, especially in colder regions and during cold seasons. Therefore, outdoor temperature is probably not an accurate tool to quantify the exposure of the participants before BAT quantification. We studied the association of wrist and personal environmental temperatures with cold-induced BAT and skeletal muscle [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) uptake in adults. A total of 74 participants wore two iButtons during 7 days to measure wrist temperature (WT) and personal level of environmental temperature (Personal-ET). Thereafter, we performed a 2-h personalized cooling protocol before performing an [18F]FDG-PET/CT scan. WT was negatively associated with BAT volume ( R2 = 0.122; P = 0.002) and BAT activity [standardized uptake value (SUV)peak, R2 = 0.083; P = 0.012]. Moreover, Personal-ET was negatively associated with BAT volume ( R2 = 0.164; P < 0.001), BAT activity (SUVmean and SUVpeak, all R2 ≥ 0.167; P < 0.001), and skeletal muscle activity (SUVpeak, R2 = 0.122; P = 0.002). Interestingly, the time exposed to a certain Personal-ET (16–20°C) positively correlated only with [18F]FDG uptake by BAT (volume and activity; all P ≤ 0.05), whereas the time exposed to 12–15°C positively correlated only with measures of [18F]FDG uptake by skeletal muscle activity (all P ≤ 0.05). This study shows that WT and Personal-ET are associated with [18F]FDG uptake by BAT and skeletal muscle activity in adults within certain temperature thresholds. Moreover, our results suggest that [18F]FDG uptake by human BAT or skeletal muscle can be activated or inhibited in different ranges of ambient temperatures exposures. Results should be taken with caution because the observed associations were relatively weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Huiwen Xu
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco M. Acosta
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Patrick C. N. Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jose M. Llamas-Elvira
- Nuclear Medicine Department, “Virgen de las Nieves” University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada, Nuclear Medicine Department, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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36
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Beauvalet JC, Pilz LK, Hidalgo MPL, Elisabetsky E. Is chronodisruption a vulnerability factor to stress? Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:333-341. [PMID: 30445124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Since the circadian system seems to modulate stress responses, this study aimed to evaluate if the combination of circadian strain and stress amplifies changes expected from each factor alone. Control Balb/c mice (12:12-NS) kept in standard 12:12 light:dark cycles (LD) and submitted to no stress procedures (NS) were compared to groups submitted to shortened LD (10:10-NS), chronic mild stress (CMS) but no circadian strain (12:12-CMS), or shortened LD followed by CMS (10:10-CMS). Rest-activity/temperature rhythms and body weight were assessed throughout the experiments. In Experiment 1 mice were submitted to 3 weeks of CMS; in Experiment 2 sucrose preference and light-dark tests were performed. Also, blood samples were collected at the end of Experiment 2 to assess metabolic parameters. Relative amplitude of temperature after CMS was increased only in the 10:10-CMS group, while body weight change was reduced during CMS regardless of LD intervention. During the CMS, the relative amplitude of temperature was negatively correlated with body weight gain. No differences in behavior and metabolic parameters were seen among groups. Identifying suitable research designs to investigate our hypothesis that circadian disturbances may increase vulnerability to stress-induced depression and anxiety is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C Beauvalet
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, UFRGS. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luísa K Pilz
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, UFRGS. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maria Paz L Hidalgo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, UFRGS. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, UFRGS. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elaine Elisabetsky
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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37
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de Goede P, Sen S, Su Y, Foppen E, Poirel VJ, Challet E, Kalsbeek A. An Ultradian Feeding Schedule in Rats Affects Metabolic Gene Expression in Liver, Brown Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle with Only Mild Effects on Circadian Clocks. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3171. [PMID: 30326619 PMCID: PMC6214081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Restricted feeding is well known to affect expression profiles of both clock and metabolic genes. However, it is unknown whether these changes in metabolic gene expression result from changes in the molecular clock or in feeding behavior. Here we eliminated the daily rhythm in feeding behavior by providing 6 meals evenly distributed over the light/dark-cycle. Animals on this 6-meals-a-day feeding schedule retained the normal day/night difference in physiological parameters including body temperature and locomotor activity. The daily rhythm in respiratory exchange ratio (RER), however, was significantly phase-shifted through increased utilization of carbohydrates during the light phase and increased lipid oxidation during the dark phase. This 6-meals-a-day feeding schedule did not have a major impact on the clock gene expression rhythms in the master clock, but did have mild effects on peripheral clocks. In contrast, genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism showed differential expression. In conclusion, eliminating the daily rhythm in feeding behavior in rats does not affect the master clock and only mildly affects peripheral clocks, but disturbs metabolic rhythms in liver, skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue in a tissue-dependent manner. Thereby, a clear daily rhythm in feeding behavior strongly regulates timing of peripheral metabolism, separately from circadian clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul de Goede
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Satish Sen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands.
- Circadian Clocks & Metabolism Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Yan Su
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands.
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent-Joseph Poirel
- Melatonin and Seasonal Rhythms Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Etienne Challet
- Circadian Clocks & Metabolism Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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38
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Ballester P, Martínez MJ, Javaloyes A, Inda MDM, Fernández N, Gázquez P, Aguilar V, Pérez A, Hernández L, Richdale AL, Peiró AM. Sleep problems in adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Autism Res 2018; 12:66-79. [PMID: 30273974 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sleep problems (SP) are recognized as a common comorbid condition in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can influence core autism symptoms and mental and physical health. SPs can be lifelong and have been reported that adults on the autistic spectrum with and without intellectual disability (ID) present SPs (longer sleep latency, frequent night awakenings, and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders). A prospective, objective sleep study was conducted in 41 adults with ASD (33 ± 6 years old) and ID and 51 typically developing adults (33 ± 5 years old) using ambulatory circadian monitoring (ACM) recording wrist temperature, motor activity, body position, sleep, and light intensity. The findings indicated that individuals with ASD presented sleep difficulties including low sleep efficiency, prolonged sleep latency and increased number and length of night awakenings, together with daily sedentary behavior, and increased nocturnal activity. Furthermore, indications of an advanced sleep-wake phase disorder were found in these autistic adults. Examining sleep and markers of the circadian system showed significant differences between adults with ASD and ID and an age-matched, healthy adult population. The sleep disturbances described for this sample of adults with ASD and ID are similar to those of already described for adults with ASD without ID; their relationship with intellectual ability should be further studied. Improving knowledge of sleep patterns in ASD adults with ID might help to designed targeted interventions to improve their functioning and reduce family stress. Autism Research 2019, 12: 66-79. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: SPs are very frequent in autism from childhood to adulthood. We recorded sleep with a watch-like device in adults with autism and ID and compared sleep patterns with nonautistic volunteers. Results showed poorer sleep conditions in adults with autism (increased sleep latency and number/length of night awakenings) that resulted in decreased sleep efficiency. Increasing knowledge of the SPs in adults on the autism spectrum will allow to improve their and their families' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pura Ballester
- Department of Health of Alicante-General Hospital, ISABIAL, Neuropharmacology on Pain (NED) Research Unit, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Organic Chemistry and Pediatrics, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - María José Martínez
- Chronobiology Lab, College of Biology, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Auxiliadora Javaloyes
- EDUCATEA, Education Center for Children and Adolescents with Autism, Mental Health Problems and Behavioral Disorders, Alicante, Spain
| | - María-Del-Mar Inda
- Department of Health of Alicante-General Hospital, ISABIAL, Neuropharmacology on Pain (NED) Research Unit, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Agustín Pérez
- Department of Statistics and Financial Resources, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Luís Hernández
- Sleep Unit, Department of Health of Alicante-General Hospital, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Amanda L Richdale
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ana M Peiró
- Department of Health of Alicante-General Hospital, ISABIAL, Neuropharmacology on Pain (NED) Research Unit, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Organic Chemistry and Pediatrics, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Health of Alicante-General Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology, Alicante, Spain
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39
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Martinez-Nicolas A, Guaita M, Santamaría J, Montserrat JM, Rol MÁ, Madrid JA. Circadian Impairment of Distal Skin Temperature Rhythm in Patients With Sleep-Disordered Breathing: The Effect of CPAP. Sleep 2018; 40:3748299. [PMID: 28444396 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Study objectives Our aim was to evaluate the circadian rhythm of distal skin temperature (DST) in sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), its relation to excessive daytime sleepiness and the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on DST. Methods Eighty SDB patients (53.1 ± 1.2 years old, 27.6% women) and 67 healthy participants (52.3 ± 1.6 years old, 26.9% women) wore a temperature data logger for 1 week. On the last day of that week, SDB patients underwent a polysomnography followed by a Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT), Multiple Sleep Latency Test, and Sustained Attention to Response Task protocol to objectively quantify daytime sleepiness. A subset of 21 moderate to severe SDB patients were treated with CPAP during at least 3 months and revaluated with the same procedure. A nonparametric analysis was performed to characterize DST to assess differences between groups and associations among DST, polysomnography, and daytime sleepiness measures. Results SDB patients showed an unstable, fragmented, flattened, phase-advanced, and less robust DST rhythm as compared to healthy participants. The more severe the SDB, the worse the DST pattern was, as indicated by the correlation coefficient. Sleepiness, according to MWT sleep latencies, was also associated with the higher fragmentation, lower amplitude, and less robustness of the DST rhythm. Treatment with CPAP improved DST pattern regularity and robustness. Conclusion DST is altered in SDB, exhibiting a direct relationship to the severity of this condition, and improves with CPAP treatment. DST independently correlates with sleepiness, thus, its measurement may contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of sleepiness in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Martinez-Nicolas
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus. IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Spain.,Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Guaita
- Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Santamaría
- Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Montserrat
- Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Pneumology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Rol
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus. IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Spain.,Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Madrid
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus. IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Spain.,Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate whether postmenopausal women show differences in circadian-related variables and sleep characteristics compared with premenopausal women, and to analyze potential associations between these circadian-related variables and abdominal fat distribution or metabolic syndrome (MetS) components. METHODS A total of 177 women were studied (127 premenopausal, 50 postmenopausal). Sixty percent of the total population was overweight/obese, with no significant differences between premenopausal (60%) and postmenopausal women (62%) (P = 0.865). Wrist temperature (WT) and rest-activity cycles were measured during 8 consecutive days, and sleep and food diaries collected. MetS characteristics and daily patterns of saliva cortisol were analyzed. Sleep characteristics were assessed with domiciliary polysomnography. RESULTS Postmenopausal women showed a less robust rhythm in WT with lower amplitude (°C) (0.8 ± 0.4 vs 0.9 ± 0.5) (P < 0.05) and lower mean temperature values at the midpoint of sleep than premenopausal women. Postmenopausal women were also more morning-type than premenopausal women, showing a phase advance of approximately 1 hour in WT and rest-activity rhythms, and more morning-type habits (earlier sleep onset/offset and breakfast intake) (P < 0.05). Postmenopausal women showed higher levels of activity in the morning and lower in the evening compared with premenopausal women (P < 0.05). Daily variability in cortisol was significantly reduced in postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women (P < 0.05). Postmenopausal women had increased frequency of sleep-related breathing abnormalities (P < 0.0001). In the women studied, abdominal fat and MetS were associated with an increase in circadian alterations (high fragmentation and low amplitude of the rhythm) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Postmenopausal women exhibit loss of circadian robustness and an increase in sleep abnormalities compared with premenopausal women.
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Vera B, Dashti HS, Gómez-Abellán P, Hernández-Martínez AM, Esteban A, Scheer FAJL, Saxena R, Garaulet M. Modifiable lifestyle behaviors, but not a genetic risk score, associate with metabolic syndrome in evening chronotypes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:945. [PMID: 29343740 PMCID: PMC5772646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Evening chronotype associates with health complications possibly via lifestyle factors, while the contribution of genetics is unknown. The aim was to study the relative contributions of genetics, lifestyle, and circadian-related physiological characteristics in metabolic risk of evening chronotype. In order to capture a biological contribution to chronotype, a genetic-risk-score (GRS), comprised of 15 chronotype-related variants, was tested. Moreover, a wide range of behavioral and emotional eating factors was studied within the same population. Chronotype, lifestyle, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) outcomes were assessed (n = 2,126), in addition to genetics (n = 1,693) and rest-activity/wrist-temperature rhythms (n = 100). Evening chronotype associated with MetS and insulin resistance (P < 0.05), and several lifestyle factors including poorer eating behaviors, lower physical activity and later sleep and wake times. We observed an association between higher evening GRS and evening chronotype (P < 0.05), but not with MetS. We propose a GRS as a tool to capture the biological component of the inter-individual differences in chronotype. Our data show that several modifiable factors such as sedentary lifestyle, difficulties in controlling the amount of food eaten, alcohol intake and later wake and bed times that characterized evening-types, may underlie chronotype-MetS relationship. Our findings provide insights into the development of strategies, particularly for evening chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Vera
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. .,IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
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Harfmann BD, Schroder EA, England JH, Senn NJ, Westgate PM, Esser KA, Kern PA. Temperature as a Circadian Marker in Older Human Subjects: Relationship to Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes. J Endocr Soc 2017; 1:843-851. [PMID: 29264535 PMCID: PMC5686633 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Circadian rhythms are characterized by approximate 24-hour oscillations in physiological and behavioral processes. Disruptions in these endogenous rhythms, most commonly associated with shift work and/or lifestyle, are recognized to be detrimental to health. Several studies have demonstrated a high correlation between disrupted circadian rhythms and metabolic disease. The aim of this study was to determine which metabolic parameters correlate with physiological measures of circadian temperature amplitude (TempAmp) and stability (TempStab). Methods: Wrist skin temperature was measured in 34 subjects (ages 50 to 70, including lean, obese, and diabetic subjects) every 10 minutes for 7 consecutive days. Anthropometric measures and fasting blood draws were conducted to obtain data on metabolic parameters: body mass index, hemoglobin A1C, triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein. A history of hypertension and current blood pressure was noted. Results: Analysis of the data indicated a substantial reduction in TempAmp and TempStab in subjects with metabolic syndrome (three or more risk factors). To determine the impact of individual interdependent metabolic factors on temperature rhythms, stepwise multilinear regression analysis was conducted using metabolic syndrome measurements. Interestingly, only triglyceride level was consistently correlated by the analysis. Triglyceride level was shown to contribute to 33% of the variability in TempAmp and 23% of the variability in TempStab. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that elevated triglycerides are associated with diminished TempAmp and TempStab in human subjects, and triglycerides may serve as a primary metabolic predictor of circadian parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna D Harfmann
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Elizabeth A Schroder
- Department of Physiology and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Jonathan H England
- Department of Physiology and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Natalie J Senn
- Department of Physiology and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Philip M Westgate
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Philip A Kern
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
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When Do Skeletal Class III Patients Wear Their Reverse Pull Headgears? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3546262. [PMID: 28377927 PMCID: PMC5362724 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3546262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The aim of this study is to evaluate the factors that affect wearing time and patient behavior during reverse pull headgear therapy with a newly designed reverse pull headgear. Methods. In clinical practice, new reverse pull headgears were applied to fifteen patients. The patients were monitored during reverse pull headgear therapy and the data were evaluated. Statistical analysis was made. Results. During the study, patients were monitored successfully and the evaluations showed that patients wear the new reverse pull headgears mostly at night. There are differences between days of week and hours of day. Weekends are more popular than weekdays for wearing reverse pull headgear. Conclusions. This new type of reverse pull headgears can be used successfully in clinical practice and can help the clinician. Study showed that the most important factor that affects the cooperation of reverse pull headgear patient is aesthetic appearance.
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Garaulet M, Martinez-Nicolas A, Ruiz JR, Konstabel K, Labayen I, González-Gross M, Marcos A, Molnar D, Widhalm K, Casajús JA, De Henauw S, Kafatos A, Breidenassel C, Sjöström M, Castillo MJ, Moreno LA, Madrid JA, Ortega FB. Fragmentation of daily rhythms associates with obesity and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents: The HELENA study. Clin Nutr 2016; 36:1558-1566. [PMID: 27890490 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronobiology studies periodic changes in living organisms and it has been proposed as a promising approach to investigate obesity. We analyze the association of the characteristics of the rest-activity rhythms with obesity, cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic risk in adolescents from nine European countries. METHODS 1044 adolescents (12.5-17.5 y) were studied. Circadian health was evaluated by actigraphy with accelerometers (Actigraph GT1M). Characteristics of the daytime activity such as fragmentation (intradaily variability), estimated acrophase, and 10 h mean daytime activity index were obtained. Body composition was assessed using Bioelectrical-Impedance-Analysis, skinfold thickness, air-displacement-plethysmography and Dual-energy-X-ray-Absorptiometry. Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) and metabolic risk were studied. RESULTS Highly fragmented activity rhythms were associated with obesity and central adiposity (P < 0.05). Obese adolescents had ∼3 times higher odds of having a high fragmentation of daytime activity compared to normal weight adolescents OR (95% CI) = 2.8 (1.170, 6.443). A highly fragmented rhythm was also related to lower cardiorespiratory fitness and higher metabolic risk (P < 0.05) so those adolescents classified as low fitness showed a significantly higher fragmentation of daytime activity than those included in the high fitness group (P < 0.0001). Other characteristics of the rhythms such as smaller 10 h daytime mean activity index and delayed estimated acrophase were also related to obesity and metabolic risk (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the daily organization of the rest-activity cycle is more fragmented in obese and less fit adolescents and correlates with higher metabolic risk. This fact reinforces our hypothesis that disturbances in daily rhythms can be considered as sensitive markers of poorer adolescent's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garaulet
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Martinez-Nicolas
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kenn Konstabel
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Centre of Health and Behavioral Sciences, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Instituto del Frio, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dénes Molnar
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, József A, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Prevention, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jose Antonio Casajús
- GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | | | - Anthony Kafatos
- Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Christina Breidenassel
- Institut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften - Humanernährung, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Sjöström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Faculty of Health Science (FCS), Department of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juan A Madrid
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Abstract
It is known that our physiology changes throughout the day and that several physiological hormones display circadian rhythmicity. The alteration of this normal pattern is called chronodisruption (CD). In recent years, it has been demonstrated that CD is related to obesity. Although several factors may be causing CD, one important aspect to consider is the failure in our internal clock. Indeed, studies performed in mutant animals have demonstrated that mutations in clock genes are related to obesity. In human subjects, mutations are rare (<1 % of the population). Nevertheless, it is rather common to have genetic variations in one SNP, which underlie differences in our vulnerability to disease. Several SNP in clock genes are related to obesity and weight loss. Taking into account that genetics is behind CD, as has already been demonstrated in twins’ models, the question is: Are we predestinated? We will see along these lines that nutrigenetics and epigenetics answer: ‘No, we are not predestinated’. Through nutrigenetics we know that our behaviours may interact with our genes and may decrease the deleterious effect of one specific risk variant. From epigenetics the message is even more positive: it is demonstrated that by changing our behaviours we can change our genome. Herein, we propose modifying ‘what, how, and when we eat’ as an effective tool to decrease our genetic risk, and as a consequence to diminish CD and decrease obesity. This is a novel and very promising area in obesity prevention and treatment.
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Peripheral Skin Temperature and Circadian Biological Clock in Shift Nurses after a Day off. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050623. [PMID: 27128899 PMCID: PMC4881449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian biological clock is essentially based on the light/dark cycle. Some people working with shift schedules cannot adjust their sleep/wake cycle to the light/dark cycle, and this may result in alterations of the circadian biological clock. This study explored the circadian biological clock of shift and daytime nurses using non-invasive methods. Peripheral skin temperature, cortisol and melatonin levels in saliva, and Per2 expression in pubic hair follicle cells were investigated for 24 h after a day off. Significant differences were observed in peripheral skin temperature and cortisol levels between shift and daytime nurses. No differences in melatonin levels were obtained. Per2 maximum values were significantly different between the two groups. Shift nurses exhibited lower circadian variations compared to daytime nurses, and this may indicate an adjustment of the circadian biological clock to continuous shift schedules. Non-invasive procedures, such as peripheral skin temperature measurement, determination of cortisol and melatonin in saliva, and analysis of clock genes in hair follicle cells, may be effective approaches to extensively study the circadian clock in shift workers.
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Polugrudov AS, Panev AS, Smirnov VV, Paderin NM, Borisenkov MF, Popov SV. Wrist temperature and cortisol awakening response in humans with social jetlag in the North. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:802-9. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2016.1168829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem S. Polugrudov
- Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Panev
- Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Vasily V. Smirnov
- Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Nikita M. Paderin
- Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Mikhail F. Borisenkov
- Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Popov
- Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Syktyvkar, Russia
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Tranel HR, Schroder EA, England J, Black WS, Bush H, Hughes ME, Esser KA, Clasey JL. Physical activity, and not fat mass is a primary predictor of circadian parameters in young men. Chronobiol Int 2015; 32:832-41. [PMID: 26101893 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1043011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are ≈24 h oscillations in physiology and behavior, and disruptions have been shown to have negative effects on health. Wrist skin temperature has been used by several groups as a valid method of assessing circadian rhythms in humans. We tested the hypothesis that circadian temperature amplitude (TempAmp) and stability (TempStab) would significantly differ among groups of healthy young men of varying adiposities, and that we could identify physiological and behavioral measures that were significantly associated with these temperature parameters. Wrist skin temperatures taken at 10 min intervals for 7 consecutive days were determined in 18 optimal (OGroup), 20 fair (FGroup) and 21 poor (PGroup) %Fat grouped young men and subsequently analyzed using available validated software. Body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, actigraphy, daily nutritional and sleep data, and fasting lipid, insulin and glucose concentration measures were also determined. Significant changes in TempAmp and TempStab parameters in subjects with a single metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factor compared to those with no MetS factors was observed. In addition, stepwise multivariate regression analyses showed that 50% of the variance in TempAmp was explained by actigraphy (mean steps taken per day; MSTPD), cardiorespiratory fitness, and late night eating per week (#LNE); and 57% in TempStab by MSTPD, time spent in moderate-to-vigorous activity per day, fat mass, and #LNE. Overwhelmingly, physical activity was the most important measure associated with the differences in circadian rhythm parameters. Further research is warranted to determine the effects of increasing the amount and timing of physical activity on the status of the circadian system in a variety of populations.
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Bonmati-Carrion MA, Arguelles-Prieto R, Martinez-Madrid MJ, Reiter R, Hardeland R, Rol MA, Madrid JA. Protecting the melatonin rhythm through circadian healthy light exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23448-500. [PMID: 25526564 PMCID: PMC4284776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, in developed countries, nights are excessively illuminated (light at night), whereas daytime is mainly spent indoors, and thus people are exposed to much lower light intensities than under natural conditions. In spite of the positive impact of artificial light, we pay a price for the easy access to light during the night: disorganization of our circadian system or chronodisruption (CD), including perturbations in melatonin rhythm. Epidemiological studies show that CD is associated with an increased incidence of diabetes, obesity, heart disease, cognitive and affective impairment, premature aging and some types of cancer. Knowledge of retinal photoreceptors and the discovery of melanopsin in some ganglion cells demonstrate that light intensity, timing and spectrum must be considered to keep the biological clock properly entrained. Importantly, not all wavelengths of light are equally chronodisrupting. Blue light, which is particularly beneficial during the daytime, seems to be more disruptive at night, and induces the strongest melatonin inhibition. Nocturnal blue light exposure is currently increasing, due to the proliferation of energy-efficient lighting (LEDs) and electronic devices. Thus, the development of lighting systems that preserve the melatonin rhythm could reduce the health risks induced by chronodisruption. This review addresses the state of the art regarding the crosstalk between light and the circadian system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Russel Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Ruediger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany.
| | - Maria Angeles Rol
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Madrid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain.
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50
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McFarlin B, Venable A, Williams R, Jackson A. Comparison of techniques for the measurement of skin temperature during exercise in a hot, humid environment. Biol Sport 2014; 32:11-4. [PMID: 25729144 PMCID: PMC4314598 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1124569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercising or working in a hot, humid environment can results in the onset of heat-related illness when an individual's temperature is not carefully monitored. The purpose of the present study was to compare three techniques (data loggers, thermal imaging, and wired electrodes) for the measurement of peripheral (bicep) and central (abdominal) skin temperature. Young men and women (N = 30) were recruited to complete the present study. The three skin temperature measurements were made at 0 and every 10-min during 40-min (60% VO2max) of cycling in a hot (39±2°C), humid (45±5% RH) environment. Data was statistically analyzed using the Bland-Altman method and correlation analysis. For abdominal skin temperature, the Bland-Altman limits of agreement indicated that data loggers (1.5) were a better index of wired than was thermal imaging (3.5), For the bicep skin temperature the limits of agreement was similar between data loggers (1.9) and thermal (1.9), suggesting the both were suitable measurements. We also found that when skin temperature exceeded 35°C, we observed progressively better prediction between data loggers, thermal imaging, and wired skin sensors. This report describes the potential for the use of data loggers and thermal imaging to be used as alternative measures of skin temperature in exercising, human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bk McFarlin
- Applied Physiology Laboratory; Dept of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation; University of North Texas; Denton, TX ; Dept. of Biological Sciences; University of North Texas; Denton, TX
| | - As Venable
- Applied Physiology Laboratory; Dept of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation; University of North Texas; Denton, TX
| | - Rr Williams
- Applied Physiology Laboratory; Dept of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation; University of North Texas; Denton, TX
| | - Aw Jackson
- Applied Physiology Laboratory; Dept of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation; University of North Texas; Denton, TX
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