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Bright OA, Samuel DN, Adisa MA, Dorcas OO, Perez Q, Melody AA, Michael AK, Albert OS, Senu E. Clearing Properties Between Coconut Oil and Xylene in Histological Tissue Processing. J Histochem Cytochem 2024; 72:233-243. [PMID: 38553997 PMCID: PMC11020745 DOI: 10.1369/00221554241241369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Xylene is the commonest clearing agent even though it is hazardous and costly. This study evaluated the clearing properties of coconut oil as an alternative cost-effective clearing agent for histological processes. Ten (10) prostate samples fixed in formalin were taken and each one was cut into 4 before randomly separating them into four groups (A, B, C and D). Tissues were subjected to ascending grades of alcohol for dehydration. Group A was cleared in xylene and Groups B, C, and D were cleared at varying times of 1hr 30mins, 3hrs, and 4hrs in coconut oil respectively before embedding, sectioning, and staining were carried out. Gross and histological features were compared. Results indicated a significant shrinkage in coconut oil-treated specimen compared with the xylene-treated specimen and only the tissues cleared in coconut oil for 4hrs were as rigid as the tissues cleared in xylene (p > 0.05). No significant difference was found in either of the sections when checked for cellular details and staining quality (p > 0.999). Coconut oil is an efficient substitute for xylene in prostate tissues with a minimum clearing time of 4hrs, as it is environmentally friendly and less expensive, but causes significant shrinkage to prostate tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owusu Afriyie Bright
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Darko Nkansah Samuel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Musah Ayeley Adisa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Owusu Ohui Dorcas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Quartey Perez
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Antwi Ama Melody
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Addai Kusi Michael
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Pathology Unit, HopeXchange Medical Centre, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Osei Sarpong Albert
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Senu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Caramelo A, Polónia A, Vale J, Curado M, Campelos S, Nascimento V, Barros M, Ferreira D, Pereira T, Neves B, Eloy C. Demonstrating the interference of tissue processing in the evaluation of tissue biomarkers: The case of PD-L1. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154605. [PMID: 37320863 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of PD-L1 in cancer models is used as a predictive biomarker of response to immunotherapy. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the usage of 3 different tissue processors in the IHC expression of PD-L1 antibody clones: 22C3 and SP142. Three different topographies of samples (n = 73) were selected at the macroscopy room: 39 uterine leiomyomas, 17 placentas and 17 palatine tonsils. Three fragments were collected from each sample and were inked with a specific color that represented their separate processing in a different tissue processor (A, B or C). During embedding, the 3 fragments with distinct processing were ensemble in the same cassette for sectioning of 3 slides/each: hematoxylin-eosin, 22C3 PDL1 IHC staining and SP142 PD-L1 IHC staining, that were blindly observed by 2 pathologists under digital environment. All but one set of 3 fragments were considered adequate for observation even in the presence of artifacts associated with processing issues that were recorded as high as 50.7 % for processor C. The occurrence of background non-specific staining and the presence of false positive results appear to be unrelated with the PD-L1 clone or the type of tissue processing. 22C3 PD-L1 was more frequently considered adequate for evaluation than SP142 PD-L1 that, in 29.2 % of WSIs (after tissue processor C) were considered not adequate for observation due to lack of the typical pattern of expression. Similarly, the intensity of PD-L1 staining was significantly decreased in fragments processed by C (both PD-L1 clones) in tonsil and placenta specimens, and by A (both clones) in comparison with those processed by B. This study demonstrates the need to standardize the tissue processing in pathology to cope with the growing needs of precision medicine quantifications and the production of high-quality material necessary for computational pathology usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Caramelo
- Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - António Polónia
- Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
| | - João Vale
- Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Curado
- Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Campelos
- Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Nascimento
- Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Barros
- Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Ferreira
- Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Pereira
- Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Neves
- Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Eloy
- Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.
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Du Q, Chen H, Shi Z, Zhou H. Case Report: Long segmental lesions of the spinal cord caused by exposure to xylene. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1121421. [PMID: 37396768 PMCID: PMC10313390 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1121421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylene has the potential to cause nervous system disturbances since it is a lipophilic substance with high affinity for lipid-rich tissue, such as the brain. Involvement in the spinal cord, especially long segmental spinal cord lesions that permeate almost the entire cervical and thoracic spinal cord, is extremely rare. We report two cases of occupational exposure to excessive xylene, both of which presented with severe and rapidly progressive numbness and weakness in the limbs that, more importantly, led to poor outcomes: one died and the other was left severely disabled. In both, spinal magnetic resonance imaging showed long segmental lesions in the cervicothoracic spinal cord. These findings may provide some insights into the effects of xylene as an isolated agent on the spinal cord injury.
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Azril, Huang KY, Hobley J, Rouhani M, Liu WL, Jeng YR. A methodology to evaluate different histological preparations of soft tissues: Intervertebral disc tissues study. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2023; 21:22808000231155634. [PMID: 36799405 DOI: 10.1177/22808000231155634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A tissue preparation method will inevitably alter the tissue content. This study aims to evaluate how different common sample preparation methods will affect the tissue morphology, biomechanical properties, and chemical composition of samples. The study focuses on intervertebral disc (IVD) tissue; however, it can be applied to other soft tissues. Raman spectroscopy synchronized with nanoindentation instrumentation was employed to investigate the compositional changes of IVD, specifically, nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF), together with their biomechanical properties of IVD. These properties were examined through the following histological specimen types: fresh cryosection (control), fixed cryosection, and paraffin-embedded. The IVD tissue could be located using an optical microscope under three different preparation methods. Paraffin-embedded samples showed the most explicit details where the lamellae structure of AF could be identified. In terms of biomechanical properties, there was no significant difference between the fresh and fixed cryosection (p > 0.05). In contrast, the fresh cryosection and paraffin-embedded samples showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). It was also found that the tissue preparations affected the chemical content of the tissues and structure of the tissue, which are expected to contribute to biomechanical properties changes. Fresh cryosection and fixed cryosection samples are more promising to work with for biomechanical assessment in histological tissues. The findings fill essential gaps in the literature by providing valuable insight into the characteristics of IVD at the microscale. This study can also become a reference for a better approach to assessing the mechanical properties and chemical content of soft tissues at the microscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azril
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City
| | - Kuo-Yuan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan City
| | - Jonathan Hobley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City
| | - Mehdi Rouhani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City
| | - Wen-Lung Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan City
| | - Yeau-Ren Jeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City.,Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City.,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City
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Zeng Z, Zhang J, Li Y, Li K, Gong S, Li F, Wang P, Iqbal M, Kulyar MFEA, Li J. Probiotic Potential of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilus Isolated from Tibetan Yaks, China. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:579-594. [PMID: 35445290 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Yak (Bos grunniens) inhabit an oxygen-deficient environment at the altitude of 3000 m on the Tibetan Plateau, with a distinctive gut micro-ecosystem. This study evaluated the probiotic potential and physiological property of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilus isolated from the gut of yaks. Four strains, two Bacillus licheniformis (named D1 and D2) and two Bacillus pumilus (named X1 and X2), were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. All strains had potential antibacterial ability against three indicator pathogens: Escherichia coli C83902, Staphylococcus aureus BNCC186335, and Salmonella enteritidis NTNC13349. The antioxidant activity test showed that D2 sample showed the highest antioxidant activity. Furthermore, all four strains had a higher hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, acid tolerance, bile tolerance, and antibiotic sensitivity, which all contribute to their survival in the gastrointestinal tract and clinical utility. The animal experimentation (40 KM mice, equally divided into five groups of eight mice each) showed that the strain supplementation not only increased daily weight gain and reduced feed conversion ratio, but also increased the length of the jejunum villi and the value of the V/C (Villi/Crypt). In conclusion, this is the first study demonstrated the probiotic potential of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilus isolated from yaks, providing a theoretical basis for the clinical application and development of new feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Saisai Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiran Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
- College of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Tibet, 860000, People's Republic of China.
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Mohamed AH, Harb OA, Shorbagy SE, Balata R, Amin MF, Abd-Elaziz O. Prognostic Roles of ZNF703 and SMAD4 Expression in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Association with Nodal Metastasis. Indian J Surg Oncol 2022; 13:169-177. [PMID: 35462659 PMCID: PMC8986956 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-022-01519-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to detect novel predictive biomarkers of cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) to help the surgeons in making early decision of performing central lymph node dissection and aggressive management strategies in selected high-risk patients, thus improving their prognosis. Zinc finger protein 703 (ZNF703) is a member of the neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) transcription factors family which has roles in proliferation and invasion of cancer cells. SMAD4 is a protein that has a role in cellular processes including cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis through many genes' transcription. In this study, we aimed to assess the expression of ZNF703 and SMAD4 in PTC and evaluated the correlation between its expression, clinicopathological features of PTC cases, and prognostic parameters of patients to evaluate their roles in PTC progression. This is a retrospective study which included 40 cases with PTC. For immunohistochemistry, tissues stained their paraffin blocks with ZNF703 and SMAD4. We followed patients to detect disease progression and recurrence. Positive ZNF703 expression and negative SMAD4 expression were associated with higher incidence of CLNM, advanced stage and large tumor size, higher incidence of disease progression, recurrence, unfavorable PFS, and unfavorable OS rates. The higher ZNF703 expression and the lower SMAD4 expression were significantly increased in PTC patients with cervical LNM compared with those without. ZNF703 over expression and downregulation SMAD4 expression was significantly increased in PTC patients. Elevated expression of ZNF703 in tumor tissue with CLNM can be considered a predictive factor for the development of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ola A. Harb
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shereen El Shorbagy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rawda Balata
- Department of Clinical Oncology& Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Farouk Amin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Osama Abd-Elaziz
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Abstract
Tissue processing is the technique by which fixed tissues are made suitable for embedding within a supportive medium such as paraffin, and consists of three sequential steps: dehydration, clearing, and infiltration. In most clinical and research settings, tissue processing is accomplished using an automated tissue processor, with or without microwave-assistance. To ensure high-quality results, processing protocols should be tailored to tissue size and composition by modifying variables such as reagents used and the timing of the various steps. Herein, we provide an overview of tissue processing theory and outline a basic tissue processing method for use with a conventional automated fluid transfer/enclosed processor. The principles described will assist readers in optimizing tissue processing for their own projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Aziz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cady E Zeman-Pocrnich
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.
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Bordoloi B, Jaiswal R, Tandon A, Jayaswal A, Srivastava A, Gogoi N. Evaluation and comparison of the efficacy of coconut oil as a clearing agent with xylene. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2022; 26:72-76. [PMID: 35571316 PMCID: PMC9106231 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_486_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xylene is a routinely used clearing agent in histopathology. It is potentially toxic and flammable in nature. Histotechnicians are routinely exposed to this hazardous chemical. Because xylene is used so pervasively in histopathology, it has always been a concern for pathologists and laboratory workers, as its regular and prolonged exposure have serious health effects. Considering its toxicity, different biocompatible xylene substitutes have been evaluated. Aim and Objectives This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of coconut oil as a clearing agent and compare with xylene. Materials and Methods Two equal halves of 45 soft-tissue specimens were processed simultaneously in xylene and coconut oil as clearing agents. The xylene-treated specimens and coconut oil-treated specimens were checked for gross and histological features, and a comparison was done between the two groups. Results Significant shrinkage was noted in xylene-treated specimens compared to that in coconut oil-treated specimens. No difference was found in either of the sections when checked for staining quality, overall morphological features and cellular details. Conclusion It may be substituted for xylene without loss of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharadwaj Bordoloi
- Department of Dentistry, Jorhat Medical College and Hospital, Jorhat, India
| | - Rohit Jaiswal
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aanchal Tandon
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amrita Jayaswal
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhinav Srivastava
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nandita Gogoi
- Department of Dentistry, Teok FRU, Jorhat, Assam, India
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Deparaffinization and clearing prior to coverslipping are important steps in all staining methods in histopathology. Xylene is the most commonly used agent worldwide. However, xylene is toxic. We evaluated safer alternative dewaxing and clearing agents prior to coverslipping in a histopathology laboratory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen different fresh surgical tissues were cut into two halves. One half processed using xylene and the other half processed using UltraClear™. Five groups were designed. For each Group of A, B, C, and D, 100 slides were cut from xylene-processed blocks. For Group E, 100 slides were cut from UltraClear™-processed blocks. Group A is the standard method. Group B evaluates UltraClear™ as a dewaxing agent only. Group C evaluates UltraClear™ as a clearing agent prior to coverslipping only. Group D evaluates UltraClear™ as both dewaxing and clearing agents prior to coverslipping. Group E evaluates UltraClear™ as both dewaxing and clearing agents prior to coverslipping. Six parameters were evaluated: nuclear staining, cytoplasmic staining, cell morphology, clarity of staining, uniformity of staining, and cost. RESULTS: Groups B, C, and D showed 79% (P = 0.054), 83% (P = 0.221), and 80% (P = 0.079) adequacy when compared with Group A (89%), respectively. However, Group E showed only 76% (P = 0.016) adequacy. UltraClear™ is more expensive than xylene. CONCLUSION: UltraClear™ is a promising dewaxing agent. It is also a good clearing agent for use prior to coverslipping in histopathology laboratory. Cost-benefit balance between safety of laboratory workers, good quality staining, and cost-effective strategy needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasar Yousuf Alwahaibi
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sirin Hamed Aldughaishi
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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10
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Clearing is an essential step in processing tissue for light microscopy. Xylene is the clearing agent used most commonly worldwide. Xylene is toxic and therefore a threat to personnel working in histopathology laboratories. We evaluated a safer alternative clearing agent for use in the histopathology laboratory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used 230 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 19 different tissues. Half of the specimens were processed using xylene and half were processed using UltraClear™. Tissues were evaluated for eight parameters: sectioning, nuclear staining, cytoplasmic staining, overall cell morphology, clarity of staining, uniformity of staining, quality of immunohistochemistry (IHC), and cost. RESULTS: Both UltraClear™ and xylene processed sections scored 100% for IHC. Sections processed using UltraClear™ were easy to cut (81.7%) as were xylene processed sections (96.5%). UltraClear™ processed sections showed 67%, 60.9%, 52.2%, 63.5%, and 67% for nuclear staining, cytoplasmic staining, cell morphology, clarity of staining, and uniformity of staining, respectively. UltraClear™ is twice as expensive as xylene. We found that tissues processed using UltraClear™ were easy to cut and worked well for both hematoxylin and eosin and IHC staining. CONCLUSION: UltraClear™ is less toxic, less flammable, friendlier to the environment, and easy to handle, but it is two times expensive than xylene. The findings of this study recommend the use of UltraClear™ solution as a routine clearing agent in histopathology laboratories. However, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasar Alwahaibi
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shaima Aljaradi
- Department of Pathology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Horiyah Alazri
- Department of Pathology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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Yang X, Liu G, Li W, Zang L, Li D, Wang Q, Yu F, Xiang X. Silencing of zinc finger protein 703 inhibits medullary thyroid carcinoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:943-951. [PMID: 31897207 PMCID: PMC6924197 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 703 (ZNF703) is a new member of the zinc finger protein family of transcription factors that plays an important role during embryogenesis in metazoans. The overexpression of ZNF703 contributes to tumorigenesis and progression of a number of malignancies by activating the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. This pathway is activated in medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), but its mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of ZNF703 and its association with Akt/mTOR activation in MTC. The present study used the phosphorylation of Akt1 protein at serine 473 (pAkt473) as an indicator of signaling activation. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and western blot analyses were performed in order to examine the expression of ZNF703 in 34 cases of MTC and 12 cases of corresponding normal thyroid tissues. ZNF703 expression in MTC was significantly higher compared with the corresponding normal thyroid tissues (P<0.05). Furthermore, expression of ZNF703 was associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and advanced stage of disease. IHC also demonstrated that the level of ZNF703 was positively correlated with p-Akt473 in the 34 cases of MTC. The human MTC cell line TT was selected for further investigation as TT cells exhibit Akt/mTOR activation. The biological effects of silencing ZNF703 in TT cells on proliferation and apoptosis, both in vitro and in vivo were investigated in the present study. ZNF703 silencing inhibited the proliferation of TT cells in vitro and inhibited xenograft tumor growth in vivo. These effects were accompanied by the substantial decrease of pAkt473 and the induction of p53 protein. These results demonstrate that ZNF703 may play a relevant role in MTC due to its association with the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology (Section I), Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Geling Liu
- Department of Endocrinology (Section I), Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Weijuan Li
- Department of Endocrinology (Section I), Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Luyang Zang
- Department of Endocrinology (Section I), Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Ding Li
- Department of Endocrinology (Section I), Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology (Section I), Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology (Section I), Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Xiuxiu Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology (Section I), Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
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12
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Abstract
Introduction: Tissue processing involves transition of the biopsy tissue in graded concentration of various chemicals to make the tissue amiable for sectioning. The entire process takes 2–3 working days before a microscopic slide is ready for diagnosis. In order to shorten the turnaround time, rapid tissue processing method using methyl salicylate was developed. Aim: The aim of this study is to develop a rapid tissue processing technique using methyl salicylate as a clearing agent and to compare it with routine tissue processing technique. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 tissue specimens were cut into two equal halves. One each was processed by routine processing technique (RoPT) and rapid processing technique (RaPT). Tissue specimens were measured before and after processing. Quality of staining and cellular-level shrinkage were observed and scored for specimens. Statistical analysis using Welch's unequal variances t-test was performed. Costs of chemicals in both the techniques were compared to see the cost-effectiveness of RaPT. Results and Conclusion: Outcomes of both the processing techniques were comparable with statistically not significant P values for all the parameters. Hence, the results of RaPT technique are satisfactory, and the use of this technique may prove beneficial to pathology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamala Karnam
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H C Girish
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay Murgod
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaidhehi Narayan Nayak
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - V K Varsha
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sarita Yanduri
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, DAPMRV Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Singh A, Scholze M, Hammer N. On the influence of surface coating on tissue biomechanics - effects on rat bones under routine conditions with implications for image-based deformation detection. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:387. [PMID: 30368235 PMCID: PMC6204271 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biomechanical testing using image-based deformation detection techniques such as digital image correlation (DIC) offer optical contactless methods for strain and displacement measurements of biological tissues. However, given the need of most samples to be speckled for image correlation using sprays, chemical alterations with impact on tissue mechanicals may result. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of such surface coating on the mechanical properties of rat bones, under routine laboratory conditions including multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Methods Two groups of rat bones, highly-uniform and mixed-effects, were assigned to six subgroups consisting of three types of surface coating (uncoated, commercially-available water- and solvent-based sprays) and two types of bone conditions (periosteum attached and removed). The mixed-effects group had undergone an additional freeze-thaw cycle at − 20 degrees. All bones underwent a three-point bending test ranging until material failure. Results Coating resulted in similar and non-significantly different mechanical properties of rat bones, indicated by elastic moduli, maximum force and bending stress. Scanning electron microscopy showed more pronounced mechanical alterations related to the additional freeze-thaw cycle, with fewer cracks being present in a bone from the highly-uniform group. Conclusions This study has concluded that surface coating with water- or solvent-based sprays for enhancing image correlation for DIC and having an additional freeze-thaw cycle do not significantly alter mechanical properties of rat bones. Therefore, this method may be recommended as an effective way of obtaining a speckled pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeeda Singh
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Lindo Ferguson Building, 270 Great King St, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Mario Scholze
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Lindo Ferguson Building, 270 Great King St, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.,Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Niels Hammer
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Lindo Ferguson Building, 270 Great King St, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand. .,Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University Clinics of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. .,Fraunhofer IWU, Dresden, Germany.
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Abstract
Xylene, an aromatic hydrocarbon is widely used in industry and medical laboratory as a solvent. It is a flammable liquid that requires utmost care during its usage. On exposure the vapours are rapidly absorbed through the lungs and the slowly through the skin. Prolonged exposure to xylene leads to significant amount of solvent accumulation in the adipose and muscle tissue. This article reviews the various acute and chronic health effects of xylene through various routes of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada T Rajan
- Senior lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University , Chennai, India
| | - N Malathi
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University , Chennai, India
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