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Liu C, Zou M, Zuo J, Xie H, Lyu W, Xu J, Feng F, Sun H, Liu W, Jiang X. Discovery of thiazole salt AChE inhibitors and development of thiamine disulfide prodrugs targeting the central nervous system. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106702. [PMID: 37390634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The selective AChE inhibitor donepezil has been approved by the FDA as a first-line drug for the treatment of mild to moderate AD. However, many peripheral side effects were observed in patients taking donepezil. Our main objective here is to provide insight into the opportunities and challenges associated with development of AChE inhibitors with high brain exposure and low peripheral side effects. In this study, we have for the first time revealed a series of novel thiazole salt AChE inhibitors, which exhibit a nanomolar inhibitory effect on human AChE. We further developed thiamine disulfide prodrugs based on optimized thiazole salt AChE inhibitors, which are reduced in the brain to form thiazole salt AChE inhibitors. In vivo experiments have confirmed that the representative prodrug Tap4 (i.p., 10 mg/kg) can be converted into the thiazole salt AChE inhibitor Tat2 and shows high brain exposure, reaching 500 ng/g. Further, the inhibitory effect of the prodrug Tap4 on AChE is obviously stronger in the brain than that on intestinal AChE of ICR mice. Our study provides a possible basis for centrally targeted thiazole salt inhibitors in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Manxing Zou
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jianguo Zuo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Huanfang Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weiping Lyu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xueyang Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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Shah P, Lalan M, Barve K. Intranasal delivery: An attractive route for the administration of nucleic acid based therapeutics for CNS disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:974666. [PMID: 36110526 PMCID: PMC9469903 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.974666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiologies of several cardiovascular, inflammatory, neurological, hereditary disorders, cancer, and infectious diseases have implicated changes in the genetic set up or genetic mutations as the root cause. Nucleic acid based therapeutics (NBTs) is a new class of biologics that are known to regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. The NBTs include oligonucleotides, nucleosides, antisense RNA, small interfering RNAs, micro RNA etc. In recent times, this new category of biologics has found enormous potential in the management of cardiovascular, inflammatory, neurological disorders, cancer, infectious diseases and organ transplantation. However, the delivery of NBTs is highly challenging in terms of target specificity (intracellular delivery), mononuclear phagocyte system uptake, stability and biodistribution. Additionally, management of the above mentioned disorders require regular and intrusive therapy making non-invasive routes preferable in comparison to invasive routes like parenteral. The nasal route is garnering focus in delivery of NBTs to the brain in the management of several CNS disorders due to the associated merits such as non-invasiveness, possibility of chronic delivery, improved patient compliance, avoidance of hepatic and gastrointestinal metabolism as well as ability to bypass the BBB. Hence in recent times, this route has been sought by the reserachers as an alternative to parenteral therapy for the delivery of several NBTs. This review shall focus on an array of NBTs delivered through nasal route, their challenges, applications and opportunities. The novel delivery systems for incorporating NBTs; their targeting strategies shall be critically reviewed. The challenges towards regulatory approvals and commercialization shall also be discussed at large. Comparison of learnings derived from the success and barriers in nasal delivery of NBTs will help in identification of futuristic opportunities for their translation from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Shah
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, India
- *Correspondence: Pranav Shah,
| | - Manisha Lalan
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, India
| | - Kalyani Barve
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’s Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Abdollahzadeh Jamalabadi MY, Xi J. Olfactory Drug Aerosol Delivery with Acoustic Radiation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061347. [PMID: 35740370 PMCID: PMC9219900 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nose-to-brain (N2B) drug delivery is a new approach to neurological disorder therapy as medications can bypass the blood-brain barrier and directly enter the brain. However, the delivery efficiency to the olfactory region using the conventional delivery method is impractically low because of the region’s secluded position in a convoluted nasal cavity. In this study, the acoustic radiation force was explored as an N2B delivery alternative in a wide frequency range of 10–100,000 Hz at an increment of 50 Hz. Numerical simulations of the particle deposition in the olfactory region of four nasal configurations were performed using COMSOL. Frequency analysis of the nasal cavities revealed that eigenfrequencies were often associated with a specific region with narrow passages and some eigenfrequencies exhibited an amendable pressure field to the olfactory region. Transient particle tracking was conducted with an acoustic inlet at 1 Pa, and a frequency spectrum of 10–100,000 Hz was imposed on the airflow, which carried the particles with acoustic radiation forces. It was observed that by increasing the pulsating wave frequency at the nostrils, the olfactory delivery efficiency reached a maximum in the range 11–15 kHz and decreased after that. The correlation of the olfactory delivery efficiency and instantaneous values of other parameters such as acoustic velocity and pressure in the frequency domain was examined.
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4
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Crowe TP, Hsu WH. Evaluation of Recent Intranasal Drug Delivery Systems to the Central Nervous System. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:629. [PMID: 35336004 PMCID: PMC8950509 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases continue to increase in prevalence worldwide. Combined with the lack of modifiable risk factors or strongly efficacious therapies, these disorders pose a significant and growing burden on healthcare systems and societies. The development of neuroprotective or curative therapies is limited by a variety of factors, but none more than the highly selective blood-brain barrier. Intranasal administration can bypass this barrier completely and allow direct access to brain tissues, enabling a large number of potential new therapies ranging from bioactive peptides to stem cells. Current research indicates that merely administering simple solutions is inefficient and may limit therapeutic success. While many therapies can be delivered to some degree without carrier molecules or significant modification, a growing body of research has indicated several methods of improving the safety and efficacy of this administration route, such as nasal permeability enhancers, gelling agents, or nanocarrier formulations. This review shall discuss promising delivery systems and their role in expanding the clinical efficacy of this novel administration route. Optimization of intranasal administration will be crucial as novel therapies continue to be studied in clinical trials and approved to meet the growing demand for the treatment of patients with neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler P. Crowe
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Walter H. Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the major barrier for brain drug delivery and limits the treatment options for central nervous system diseases. To circumvent the BBB, we introduced the focused ultrasound-mediated intranasal brain drug delivery (FUSIN) technique. FUSIN utilizes the nasal route for direct nose-to-brain drug administration, bypassing the BBB and minimizing systemic exposure. It also uses the transcranial application of ultrasound energy focused at a targeted brain region to induce microbubble cavitation, which enhances the transport of intranasally administered agents at the FUS-targeted brain location. FUSIN is unique in that it can achieve noninvasive and localized brain drug delivery with minimized systemic toxicity. The goal of this chapter is to provide a detailed protocol for FUSIN delivery to the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhuang Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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6
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Razmara P, Pyle GG. Effect of copper nanoparticles and copper ions on the architecture of rainbow trout olfactory mucosa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112876. [PMID: 34634597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory epithelial cells are in direct contact with myriad environmental contaminants which may consequently disrupt their structure and function. Copper ions (Cu2+) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are two types of olfactory neurotoxicants. However, their effects on the structure of olfactory epithelium are largely uninvestigated. The density of olfactory goblet cells in CuNP- and Cu2+ - exposed rainbow trout was assessed using light microscopy throughout time. In both copper (Cu) treatments, the number of goblet cells increased initially over the 24 h exposure and then recovered to normal throughout the 96 h exposure. These data suggested the 96 h exposure to Cu contaminants interfered with protective barrier provided by goblet cells. Nonetheless, lamellar and epithelial thickness of olfactory rosette did not change in the Cu-exposed fish. The gene transcript profile of olfactory mucosa studied by RNA-seq indicated Cu2+ and CuNPs differentially targeted the molecular composition of cell junctions. In the Cu2+ treatment, reduced mRNA abundances of tight junctions, adherens junction, desmosomes and hemidesmosomes, suggest that Cu2+-exposed olfactory mucosal cells had weak junctional complexes. In the CuNP treatment, on the other hand, the transcript abundances of cell junction compositions, except adherens junction, were upregulated. Transcripts associated with gap junctional channels were increased in both Cu treatments. The elevated transcript levels of gap junctions in both Cu treatments suggested that the demand for intercellular communication was increased in the Cu-exposed olfactory mucosa. Overall, our findings suggested that Cu2+ induced greater adverse effects on the molecular composition of olfactory cell junctions relative to CuNPs. Impairment of junctional complexes may disrupt the structural integrity of olfactory mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Razmara
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Gregory G Pyle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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Shah B. Microemulsion as a promising carrier for nose to brain delivery: journey since last decade. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zolkowska D, Wu CY, Rogawski MA. Intranasal Allopregnanolone Confers Rapid Seizure Protection: Evidence for Direct Nose-to-Brain Delivery. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:544-555. [PMID: 33405197 PMCID: PMC8116426 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Allopregnanolone, a positive modulator of GABAA receptors with antiseizure activity, has potential in the treatment of seizure emergencies. Instillation of allopregnanolone in 40% sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin into the nose in mice rapidly elevated the seizure threshold in the timed intravenous pentylenetetrazol (ED50, 5.6 mg/kg), picrotoxin (ED50, 5.9 mg/kg), and bicuculline seizure tests. The effect peaked at 15 min, decayed over 1 h, and was still evident in some experiments at 6 h. Intranasal allopregnanolone also delayed the onset of seizures in the maximal PTZ test. At an allopregnanolone dose (16 mg/kg) that conferred comparable effects on seizure threshold as the benzodiazepines midazolam and diazepam (both at doses of 1 mg/kg), allopregnanolone caused minimal sedation or motor toxicity in the horizontal screen test whereas both benzodiazepines produced marked behavioral impairment. In addition, intranasal allopregnanolone failed to cause loss-of-righting reflex in most animals, but when the same dose was administered intramuscularly, all animals became impaired. Intranasal allopregnanolone (10 mg/kg) caused a rapid increase in brain allopregnanolone with a Tmax of ~5 min after initiation of the intranasal delivery. High levels of allopregnanolone were recovered in the olfactory bulb (Cmax, 16,000 ng/mg) whereas much lower levels (Cmax, 670 ng/mg) were present in the remainder of the brain. We conclude that the unique ability of intranasal allopregnanolone to protect against seizures without inducing behavioral adverse effects is due in part to direct nose-to-brain delivery, with preferential transport to brain regions relevant to seizures. Benzodiazepines are commonly administered intranasally for acute seizure therapy, including for the treatment of acute repetitive seizures, but are not transported from nose-to-brain. Intranasal allopregnanolone acts with greater speed, has less propensity for adverse effects, and has the ability to overcome benzodiazepine refractoriness. This is the first study demonstrating rapid functional central nervous system activity of a nose-to-brain-delivered steroid. Intranasal delivery circumvents the poor oral bioavailability of allopregnanolone providing a route of administration permitting its evaluation as a treatment for diverse neuropsychiatric indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Zolkowska
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Chun-Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacokinetics Core Facility, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Michael A Rogawski
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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9
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Panek M, Kawalec P, Pilc A, Lasoń W. Developments in the discovery and design of intranasal antidepressants. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1145-1164. [PMID: 32567398 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1776697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression remains a major cause of morbidity worldwide; consequently, there is a need in neuropsychiatry for new antidepressants with a rapid onset of action. Intranasal administration of antidepressants is an attractive and promising approach to the treatment of mental disorders, as this route is noninvasive, offers a fast onset of action and improved drug bioavailability, allows a drug dose reduction, as well as gives the possibility to bypass the blood-brain barrier and reduce the number of systemic side effects. AREAS COVERED This review is a comprehensive discussion of the available intranasal drugs that have found application as antidepressants. The results of relevant clinical studies are presented. Additionally, the use of nanotechnology-based formulations for enhancing the intranasal delivery of antidepressants is briefly described. EXPERT OPINION Intranasal drug delivery has a huge potential for antidepressant administration, but its use in the treatment of central nervous system disorders is currently very limited. The nasal route of antidepressant delivery is noninvasive, improves drug bioavailability, as well as allows to overcome the problem with the blood-brain barrier, gastrointestinal absorption, and first-pass metabolism. In our opinion, fast-acting intranasal antidepressants will be widely used in the treatment of mental disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Panek
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture , Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Kawalec
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków, Poland.,Drug Management Department, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pilc
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków, Poland.,Drug Management Department, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Władysław Lasoń
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków, Poland
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Lee YY, Park JS, Leem YH, Park JE, Kim DY, Choi YH, Park EM, Kang JL, Kim HS. The phosphodiesterase 10 inhibitor papaverine exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects via the PKA signaling pathway in neuroinflammation and Parkinson's disease mouse models. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:246. [PMID: 31791357 PMCID: PMC6888927 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thus, the development of agents that can control neuroinflammation has been suggested as a promising therapeutic strategy for PD. In the present study, we investigated whether the phosphodiesterase (PDE) 10 inhibitor has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in neuroinflammation and PD mouse models. Methods Papaverine (PAP) was utilized as a selective inhibitor of PDE10. The effects of PAP on the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules were examined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–stimulated BV2 microglial cells by ELISA, RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. The effects of PAP on transcription factors were analyzed by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, the reporter gene assay, and Western blot analysis. Microglial activation and the expression of proinflammatory molecules were measured in the LPS- or MPTP-injected mouse brains by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analysis. The effect of PAP on dopaminergic neuronal cell death and neurotrophic factors were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. To assess mouse locomotor activity, rotarod and pole tests were performed in MPTP-injected mice. Results PAP inhibited the production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated microglia by modulating various inflammatory signals. In addition, PAP elevated intracellular cAMP levels and CREB phosphorylation. Treatment with H89, a PKA inhibitor, reversed the anti-inflammatory effects of PAP, suggesting the critical role of PKA signaling in the anti-inflammatory effects of PAP. We verified the anti-inflammatory effects of PAP in the brains of mice with LPS-induced systemic inflammation. PAP suppressed microglial activation and proinflammatory gene expression in the brains of these mice, and these effects were reversed by H89 treatment. We further examined the effects of PAP on MPTP-injected PD model mice. MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell death and impaired locomotor activity were recovered by PAP. In addition, PAP suppressed microglial activation and proinflammatory mediators in the brains of MPTP-injected mice. Conclusions PAP has strong anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects and thus may be a potential candidate for treating neuroinflammatory disorders such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 808-1 Magok-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 808-1 Magok-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Yea-Hyun Leem
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 808-1 Magok-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 808-1 Magok-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 808-1 Magok-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Department of Physiology and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihee Lee Kang
- Department of Physiology and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 808-1 Magok-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, South Korea. .,Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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11
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Bryche B, Dewaele A, Saint-Albin A, Le Poupon Schlegel C, Congar P, Meunier N. IL-17c is involved in olfactory mucosa responses to Poly(I:C) mimicking virus presence. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 79:274-283. [PMID: 30776474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
At the interface of the environment and the nervous system, the olfactory mucosa (OM) is a privileged pathway for environmental toxicants and pathogens towards the central nervous system. The OM is known to produce antimicrobial and immunological components but the mechanisms of action of the immune system on the OM remain poorly explored. IL-17c is a potent mediator of respiratory epithelial innate immune responses, whose receptors are highly expressed in the OM of mice. We first characterized the presence of the IL-17c and its receptors in the OM. While IL-17c was weakly expressed in the control condition, it was strongly expressed in vivo after intranasal administration of polyinosinic-polycytidylic (Poly I:C), a Toll Like Receptor 3 agonist, mimicking a viral infection. Using calcium imaging and electrophysiological recordings, we found that IL-17c can effectively activate OM cells through the release of ATP. In the longer term, intranasal chronic instillations of IL-17c increased the cellular dynamics of the epithelium and promoted immune cells infiltrations. Finally, IL-17c decreased cell death induced by Poly(I:C) in an OM primary culture. The OM is thus a tissue highly responsive to immune mediators, proving its central role as a barrier against airway pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patrice Congar
- NBO, INRA, Univ Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nicolas Meunier
- NBO, INRA, Univ Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, 78000 Versailles, France.
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12
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Pawar GN, Parayath NN, Nocera AL, Bleier BS, Amiji MM. Direct CNS delivery of proteins using thermosensitive liposome-in-gel carrier by heterotopic mucosal engrafting. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208122. [PMID: 30517163 PMCID: PMC6281301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivering therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases is one of the biggest challenges today as the BBB limits the uptake of molecules greater than 500 Da into the CNS. Here we describe a novel trans-nasal mucosal drug delivery as an alternative to the intranasal drug delivery to overcome its limitations and deliver high molecular weight (HMW) therapeutics efficiently to the brain. This approach is based on human endoscopic skull base surgical techniques in which a surgical defect is repaired by engrafting semipermeable nasal mucosa over a skull base defect. Based on endoscopic skull based surgeries, our groups has developed a trans-nasal mucosal rodent model where we have evaluated the permeability of ovalbumin (45 kDa) as a model protein through the implanted mucosal graft for delivering HMW therapeutics to the brain. A thermo sensitive liposome-in-gel (LiG) system was developed for creating a drug depot allowing for a sustained release from the site of delivery to the brain through the implanted nasal graft. We would like to report this as an exploratory pilot study where we are using this novel surgical model to show that the implanted nasal mucosal graft and the LiG delivery system result in an efficient and a sustained brain delivery of HMW proteins. Hence, this study demonstrates that the trans-nasal mucosal engrafting technique could overcome the limitations for intranasal drug delivery and enable the uptake of HMW protein therapeutics into the CNS for the treatment of a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grishma N. Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Neha N. Parayath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Angela L. Nocera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Benjamin S. Bleier
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Mansoor M. Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Ye D, Zhang X, Yue Y, Raliya R, Biswas P, Taylor S, Tai YC, Rubin JB, Liu Y, Chen H. Focused ultrasound combined with microbubble-mediated intranasal delivery of gold nanoclusters to the brain. J Control Release 2018; 286:145-153. [PMID: 30009893 PMCID: PMC6138562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Focused ultrasound combined with microbubble-mediated intranasal delivery (FUSIN) is a new brain drug delivery technique. FUSIN utilizes the nasal route for direct nose-to-brain drug administration, thereby bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and minimizing systemic exposure. It also uses FUS-induced microbubble cavitation to enhance transport of intranasally (IN) administered agents to the FUS-targeted brain location. Previous studies have provided proof-of-concept data showing the feasibility of FUSIN to deliver dextran and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor to the caudate putamen of mouse brains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biodistribution of IN administered gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) and assess the feasibility and short-term safety of FUSIN for the delivery of AuNCs to the brainstem. Three experiments were performed. First, the whole-body biodistribution of IN administered 64Cu-alloyed AuNCs (64Cu-AuNCs) was assessed using in vivo positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and verified with ex vivo gamma counting. Control mice were intravenously (IV) injected with the 64Cu-AuNCs. Second, 64Cu-AuNCs and Texas red-labeled AuNCs (TR-AuNCs) were used separately to evaluate FUSIN delivery outcome in the brain. 64Cu-AuNCs or TR-AuNCs were administered to mice through the nasal route, followed by FUS sonication at the brainstem in the presence of systemically injected microbubbles. The spatial distribution of 64Cu-AuNCs and TR-AuNCs were examined by autoradiography and fluorescence microscopy of ex vivo brain slices, respectively. Third, histological analysis was performed to evaluate any potential histological damage to the nose and brain after FUSIN treatment. The experimental results revealed that IN administration induced significantly lower 64Cu-AuNCs accumulation in the blood, lungs, liver, spleen, kidney, and heart compared with IV injection. FUSIN enhanced the delivery of 64Cu-AuNCs and TR-AuNCs at the FUS-targeted brain region compared with IN delivery alone. No histological-level tissue damage was detected in the nose, trigeminal nerve, and brain. These results suggest that FUSIN is a promising technique for noninvasive, spatially targeted, and safe delivery of nanoparticles to the brain with minimal systemic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhuang Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yimei Yue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ramesh Raliya
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Pratim Biswas
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Sara Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yuan-Chuan Tai
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA.
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14
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Gänger S, Schindowski K. Tailoring Formulations for Intranasal Nose-to-Brain Delivery: A Review on Architecture, Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Mucociliary Clearance of the Nasal Olfactory Mucosa. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030116. [PMID: 30081536 PMCID: PMC6161189 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier are major obstacles in central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery, since they block most molecules from entering the brain. Alternative drug delivery routes like intraparenchymal or intrathecal are invasive methods with a remaining risk of infections. In contrast, nose-to-brain delivery is a minimally invasive drug administration pathway, which bypasses the blood-brain barrier as the drug is directed from the nasal cavity to the brain. In particular, the skull base located at the roof of the nasal cavity is in close vicinity to the CNS. This area is covered with olfactory mucosa. To design and tailor suitable formulations for nose-to-brain drug delivery, the architecture, structure and physico-chemical characteristics of the mucosa are important criteria. Hence, here we review the state-of-the-art knowledge about the characteristics of the nasal and, in particular, the olfactory mucosa needed for a rational design of intranasal formulations and dosage forms. Also, the information is suitable for the development of systemic or local intranasal drug delivery as well as for intranasal vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Gänger
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Strasse 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Katharina Schindowski
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Strasse 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
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15
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Dalpiaz A, Pavan B. Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Antiviral Drugs: A Way to Overcome Their Active Efflux? Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10020039. [PMID: 29587409 PMCID: PMC6027266 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several viruses can easily infect the central nervous system (CNS), antiviral drugs often show dramatic difficulties in penetrating the brain from the bloodstream since they are substrates of active efflux transporters (AETs). These transporters, located in the physiological barriers between blood and the CNS and in macrophage membranes, are able to recognize their substrates and actively efflux them into the bloodstream. The active transporters currently known to efflux antiviral drugs are P-glycoprotein (ABCB1 or P-gp or MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (ABCC1 or MRP1, ABCC4 or MRP4, ABCC5 or MRP5), and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2 or BCRP). Inhibitors of AETs may be considered, but their co-administration causes serious unwanted effects. Nasal administration of antiviral drugs is therefore proposed in order to overcome the aforementioned problems, but innovative devices, formulations (thermoreversible gels, polymeric micro- and nano-particles, solid lipid microparticles, nanoemulsions), absorption enhancers (chitosan, papaverine), and mucoadhesive agents (chitosan, polyvinilpyrrolidone) are required in order to selectively target the antiviral drugs and, possibly, the AET inhibitors in the CNS. Moreover, several prodrugs of antiretroviral agents can inhibit or elude the AET systems, appearing as interesting substrates for innovative nasal formulations able to target anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) agents into macrophages of the CNS, which are one of the most important HIV Sanctuaries of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Barbara Pavan
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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16
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Mechanism of intranasal drug delivery directly to the brain. Life Sci 2018; 195:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Win-Shwe TT, Sone H, Kurokawa Y, Zeng Y, Zeng Q, Nitta H, Hirano S. Effects of PAMAM dendrimers in the mouse brain after a single intranasal instillation. Toxicol Lett 2014; 228:207-15. [PMID: 24813635 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are highly branched spherical nanomaterials produced for use in diagnostic and therapeutic applications such as a drug delivery system. The toxicological profiles of dendrimers are largely unknown. We investigated the in vivo effects of nasal exposure to polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers on their effects on neurological biomarkers in the mouse brain. A single dose of PAMAM dendrimers (3 or 15μg/mouse) was intranasally administered to 8-week old male BALB/c mice. Twenty-four hours after administration, the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex were collected and potential biomarkers in the blood and brain were examined using blood marker, microarray and real-time RT-PCR analyses. No remarkable changes in standard serum biochemical markers were observed in the blood. A microarray analysis showed the alterations of the genes expression level related to pluripotent network, serotonin-anxiety pathway, TGF-beta receptor signaling, prostaglandin synthesis-regulation, complement-coagulation cascades, and chemokine-signaling pathway and non-odorant GPCR signaling pathways in brain tissues. Brain derived-neurotrophic factor mRNA was up-regulated in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex in mice treated with a high dose of dendrimers. These findings suggest that PAMAM dendrimers may reach the brain via the systemic circulation or an olfactory nerve route after intranasal instillation, and indicate that a single intranasal administration of PAMAM dendrimers may potentially lead to neuronal effects by modulating the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin-Tin Win-Shwe
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hideko Sone
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Yoshika Kurokawa
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yang Zeng
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Qin Zeng
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nitta
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Seishiro Hirano
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
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