1
|
St-Pierre NR, Milliken GA, Bauman DE, Collier RJ, Hogan JS, Shearer JK, Smith KL, Thatcher WW. Meta-analysis of the effects of sometribove zinc suspension on the production and health of lactating dairy cows. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 245:550-64. [PMID: 25148097 DOI: 10.2460/javma.245.5.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide an updated evaluation of the efficacy and safety of sometribove zinc suspension (rbST-Zn), a form of recombinant bovine somatotropin, in lactating dairy cows. DESIGN Meta-analysis. SAMPLE 26 studies published in peer-reviewed journals or reviewed by a regulatory agency. PROCEDURES To be included, a study had to involve the use of the rbST-Zn formulation available to US producers in accordance with the label instructions for treatment initiation (57 to 70 days postpartum), dose (500 mg, q 14 d), and route (SC). RESULTS For cows treated with rbST-Zn, mean milk, 3.5% fat-corrected milk, fat, and protein yields were increased by 4.00, 4.04, 0.144, and 0.137 kg/d (8.8, 8.89, 0.32, and 0.30 lb/d), respectively; however, the concentration of milk components did not change. Pregnancy proportion for the first 2 breeding cycles was increased by 5.4%, and pregnancy proportion for the duration of the trial was reduced by 5.5% for rbST-Zn-treated cows, compared with proportions for untreated cows. Mean body condition score (1 to 5 scale) was reduced by 0.06 points during the period of rbST-Zn use for treated cows. Administration of rbST-Zn had no effect on milk somatic cell count, the number of days to pregnancy, or inseminations per pregnancy; rates of fetal loss, twins, cystic ovaries, clinical lameness, lameness lesions, or traumatic lesions of the integumentary system; and odds of clinical mastitis or culling. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that rbST-Zn administration to dairy cows effectively increases milk production with no adverse effects on cow health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Normand R St-Pierre
- Department of Animal Science, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Detection of recombinant bovine somatotropin in milk and effect of industrial processes on its stability. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 672:45-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
3
|
Carriquiry M, Weber W, Crooker B. Administration of Bovine Somatotropin in Early Lactation: A Meta-Analysis of Production Responses by Multiparous Holstein Cows. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:2641-52. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
4
|
Magliaro AL, Kensinger RS. Automatic Cluster Remover Setting Affects Milk Yield and Machine-On Time in Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci 2005; 88:148-53. [PMID: 15591377 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72672-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The primary objectives of this study were to examine effects of automatic cluster remover (ACR) settings on milk yield and machine-on time, and to describe variation in cow body weight (BW) associated with day of bovine somatotropin (bST) cycle. Automatic cluster removal settings of 0.48, 0.6, and 0.8 kg/min were used to regulate the end of milk removal. The setting was changed every 2 wk for 12 wk and followed the sequence 0.8, 0.6, 0.48, 0.48, 0.6, and 0.8 kg/min. Milk yield, machine-on time, and BW were measured for 60 Holstein cows at each milking. Milk yield averaged 19.7, 19.9, and 19.3 kg/cow per milking for ACR settings of 0.48, 0.6, and 0.8, respectively. There was a 2.5% reduction in milk yield at the high setting, but yields were similar for the others. Machine-on time was 6.3, 5.9, and 5.6 min for ACR settings of 0.48, 0.6, and 0.8, respectively. There was an 11.1% reduction in milking time between the 0.8- and 0.48-kg/min settings. The middle ACR setting yielded a shorter milking time than the low setting without reducing production. Milk yield and cow BW increased over the 14-d bST cycle, peaking by d 8, and then declining through d 14. Automated collection of milk yield, milking time, and BW at each milking can be used to establish normal patterns for individual animals, which could be useful in making management decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Magliaro
- Department of Dairy and Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Govoni KE, Hoagland TA, Zinn SA. The ontogeny of the somatotropic axis in Hereford calves from birth to one year of age and its response to administration of exogenous bovine somatotropin1. J Anim Sci 2004; 82:1646-55. [PMID: 15216990 DOI: 10.2527/2004.8261646x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of exogenous bovine ST (bST) increases growth rate, feed efficiency, and carcass quality in beef cattle. The magnitude of response to bST in beef cattle is variable and related to the age of the animal. Our objective was to determine the response of the somatotropic axis, in particular IGF-I, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3, to bST treatment from birth to 1 yr of age. Blood samples were collected before and after a single injection of bST (500 mg) every 50 d from birth to 1 yr of age in male and female Hereford calves. Body weights and serum concentrations of ST, IGF-I, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 were determined. At birth, serum concentrations of ST, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 increased (P < 0.05) following bST treatment. From 50 to 350 d of age, average concentrations of ST and IGF-I were greater (P < 0.05) in males, whereas IGFBP-2 concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in females. No gender differences in IGFBP-3 concentrations were observed. Following bST treatment, IGF-I increased (P < 0.05) from 50 to 350 d of age, IGFBP-2 decreased (P < 0.05) from 50 to 200 d of age, and IGFBP-3 increased (P < 0.05) at 250 d of age. At 250 d of age, baseline concentrations of IGFBP-2 decreased (P < 0.05). Due to the positive response of IGFBP-3 and decreased baseline IGFBP-2 at 250 d of age, we conclude that this is an age at which the somatotropic axis is most responsive to exogenous bST, and it therefore may be an appropriate age to begin bST treatment in beef calves to realize the positive influence of bST on BW gain, feed efficiency, and carcass composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K E Govoni
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-4040, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Silvia WJ, Hemken RW, Hatler TB. Timing of onset of somatotropin supplementation on reproductive performance in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85:384-9. [PMID: 11913698 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(02)74085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this field trial was to determine whether delaying the start of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) supplementation from 9 to 10 wk postpartum to 17 to 18 wk postpartum would improve reproductive performance in lactating dairy cows. Cows from nine herds (n = 798 cows; 766 Holsteins, 32 Jerseys) were assigned at random to receive rbST supplementation at 14-d intervals beginning during wk 9 to 10 (n = 399) or wk 17 to 18 (n = 399) after calving. Effects of herd, season of calving, parity, and onset of rbST supplementation (9 to 10 wk vs. 17 to 18 wk) on days to first service and days open were determined. In primiparous but not multiparous cows, there tended to be fewer days to first service and fewer days open when onset of rbST supplementation was delayed. Percentages of cows pregnant at 150, 200, and 250 d postpartum were also examined. Time of onset of rbST did not affect percentages of multiparous cows pregnant at 150, 200, and 250 d postpartum. However, there appeared to be a slight tendency for percentages of pregnant primiparous cows to be greater at 200 and 250 d postpartum for those receiving rbST supplementation beginning at 17 to 18 wk compared to those receiving rbST starting at 9 to 10 wk. In conclusion, delaying the start of rbST supplementation to wk 17 to 18 postpartum had no beneficial effect on reproductive performance of multiparous cows but tended to improve some measures of reproductive performance in primiparous cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W J Silvia
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Collier RJ, Byatt JC, Denham SC, Eppard PJ, Fabellar AC, Hintz RL, McGrath MF, McLaughlin CL, Shearer JK, Veenhuizen JJ, Vicini JL. Effects of sustained release bovine somatotropin (sometribove) on animal health in commercial dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2001; 84:1098-108. [PMID: 11384036 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(01)74570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The health of dairy cows given bovine somatotropin (bST) for one lactation was evaluated in 28 commercial herds located in four regions of the United States. At least six herds were in a region and at least one herd/region contained fewer than 60 cows. Cows (n = 1213) were assigned randomly to control or bST groups and were treated beginning in wk 9 to 10 of lactation and every 14 d until dry-off or d 400 of lactation. Management was according to site practices. Cows were observed for health-related signs by farm personnel daily and by the herd veterinarian biweekly. Average 305-d test-day milk yields were 932 kg greater for bST-treated cows. Pregnancy rates, days open, twinning, cystic ovaries, or abortions were unaffected by treatments. Supplementation of cows with bST had no effect on total mastitis cases, total days of mastitis, duration of mastitis, or the odds ratio of a cow to develop mastitis. Cows supplemented with bST used more medications for health events other than mastitis. This usage was associated primarily with treatments for disorders of the foot and hock. Supplemented cows had a slight increase in foot disorders. There was no effect of supplementation with bST on culling from the herd or removal from study. Overall, the results confirm that label directions for bST are adequate for safe use under field conditions. All clinical signs observed in this study occur normally in dairy herds and were managed in cows supplemented with bST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Collier
- Monsanto Animal Agriculture Group, St. Louis, MO 63198, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tarazon-Herrera MA, Huber JT, Santos JE, Nussio LG. Effects of bovine somatotropin on milk yield and composition in Holstein cows in advanced lactation fed low- or high-energy diets. J Dairy Sci 2000; 83:430-4. [PMID: 10750098 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(00)74899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of Holstein cows to bovine somatotropin (bST) during advanced lactation and its relationship to energy intake. Twenty-four lactating Holstein cows averaging 21 kg of milk/d, and 292 d in milk were assigned to one of three treatment groups in a randomized block design. Blocks were based on the 14 d of pretreatment milk production, and treatment groups were balanced for days in milk. Treatment 1 was a low-energy diet (1.49 Mcal/kg of dry matter) without bST injection; treatment 2 was the low-energy diet plus injection of 500 mg of bST every 14 d; and treatment 3 was a high-energy diet (1.71 Mcal/kg of dry matter) with bST injections as in treatment 2. Treatment was divided into two periods (1 to 49 and 50 to 98 d) to determine if response to bST and energy changed with time on treatment. Results showed that bST significantly (P < 0.05) increased milk, fat-corrected milk, and fat and protein yields; and feed efficiency (fat-corrected milk per dry matter intake) for both periods. Milk yield responses to bST were greater for cows fed the low-than the high-energy diet in both periods. These data show that bST injections for cows in advanced lactation increased performance, but excessive energy diminished the bST response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Tarazon-Herrera
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721-0038, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Judge LJ, Bartlett PC, Lloyd JW, Erskine RJ. Recombinant bovine somatotropin: association with reproductive performance in dairy cows. Theriogenology 1999; 52:481-96. [PMID: 10734382 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(99)00145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A clinical trial was performed to determine the effect of bST on reproductive performance in dairy cows on 4 Michigan dairy farms when bST was used according to labeled directions. Holstein cows (n = 555) at 4 Michigan dairy farms were randomly assigned to receive bovine somatotropin (bST) or to serve as untreated controls. Bovine somatotropin (500 mg, s.c.) was administered every 14 d beginning at 63 to 69 d of lactation and continuing until approximately 21 d prior to the end of lactation or until the producer removed the animal from the herd. A total of 229 (42.57%) animals consisting of 112 (48.91%) controls and 117 (51.09%) bST-treated cows were not diagnosed pregnant and were considered as having reproductive failure by 150 d of lactation and 92 (17.10%) of the animals consisting of 45 (48.91%) controls and 47 (51.09%) bST-treated cows had reproductive failure at the end of their lactation. No significant difference in the incidence of reproductive failure existed between the study treatment groups during either time frame. Cows with cystic ovarian disease had more instances of reproductive failure at 150 d of lactation than cows without this disease. Cows with dystocia, twin births, metritis, displaced abomasum and cystic ovarian disease had more instances of reproductive failure by the end of lactation than cows without these diseases. The bST-treated cows developed more nonspecific off feed conditions during the study lactation and had more twin births at the calving following bST administration compared to control cows. No differences were found between the study treatment groups in calculations of reproductive parameters. Logistic regression analysis found no significant effect of bST on reproductive failure; the odds ratios for the bST treatment effect on reproductive failure at 150 d of lactation and reproductive failure at the end of lactation were 0.95 (95% CI 0.67 to 1.36) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.54), respectively. Overall, bST was not found to have a significant impact on reproductive performance in the herds studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Judge
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48823, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hoeben D, Burvenich C, Eppard PJ, Byatt JC, Hard DL. Effect of bovine somatotropin on neutrophil functions and clinical symptoms during Streptococcus uberis mastitis. J Dairy Sci 1999; 82:1465-81. [PMID: 10416162 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(99)75374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) on the chemiluminescence, diapedesis, and expression of adhesion receptors (CD11a, CD11b, CD18) of isolated polymorphonuclear leukocytes was studied. The plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), bST, cortisol, and alpha-lactalbumin were also monitored. In addition, general and local clinical symptoms and the differentiation of circulating leukocytes were also studied during experimentally induced Streptococcus uberis mastitis in cows. Ten cows were infected with 500 cfu of S. uberis O140J in both left quarters. Five cows were subcutaneously treated with 500 mg of recombinant bST 7 d before and after infection, and 5 control cows received the excipient. General (fever, tachycardia, inappetance, and depression) and local symptoms (swelling, pain, firmness, and flecks in milk) were more acute, severe, and longer-lasting in control cows. Treatment with bST had no effect on chemiluminescence and diapedesis of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes and no effect on the expression of adhesion receptors. Recombinant bST induced significantly higher IGF-I and bST concentrations in plasma. The leukopenia observed after infection was less pronounced in the bST-treated cows, and the number of circulating band neutrophils and metamyelocytes was significantly lower in the treated group. The concentration of cortisol did not differ between both groups, but the blood concentration of alpha-lactalbumin significantly increased in both groups from 6 d after infection. These results showed that treatment with recombinant bST improves animal welfare by protecting the cows from severe local and general clinical symptoms during subsequent S. uberis mastitis, but that it has no effect on chemiluminescence, diapedesis, and the expression of adhesion receptors of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Hoeben
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biometrics, University of Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Beswick NS, Kennelly JJ. The influence of bovine growth hormone and growth hormone releasing factor on acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase in primiparous Holstein cows. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART C, PHARMACOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY 1998; 120:241-9. [PMID: 9827038 DOI: 10.1016/s0742-8413(98)10002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Primiparous Holstein cows received recombinant bovine growth hormone (bGH), bovine growth hormone-releasing factor (bGRF), or no treatment from 118 to 181 +/- 1 d. Milk yield was significantly increased with no change in milk fat percentage or composition. The mRNA and protein abundance of the key lipogenic enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were measured in the mammary gland and adipose tissue. We hypothesized that bGH and bGRF treatment would increase the mRNA and protein abundance of ACC and FAS in the mammary gland, with an associated decrease in adipose tissue. Analysis of ACC mRNA and protein abundance in the mammary gland revealed that there was no significant influence of either bGH or bGRF treatment. Analysis of FAS mRNA in mammary gland revealed that both bGH and bGRF significantly increased the abundance. However, quantitation of FAS protein in the mammary gland revealed that neither treatment resulted in increased abundance. In adipose tissue, the mRNA and protein abundance of both ACC and FAS were significantly reduced. The increased substrate required for increased milk fatty acid yield may be provided through redirection of nutrients to the mammary gland away from adipose tissue and through overall increased metabolism of the mammary gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N S Beswick
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Judge LJ, Erskine RJ, Bartlett PC. Recombinant bovine somatotropin and clinical mastitis: incidence, discarded milk following therapy, and culling. J Dairy Sci 1997; 80:3212-8. [PMID: 9436101 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(97)76294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Holstein cows (n = 555) from four Michigan dairy farms were randomly assigned to receive bovine somatotropin (bST) or to serve as untreated controls. Bovine somatotropin (500 mg) was administered every 14 d beginning at 63 to 69 d of lactation and continuing until approximately 21 d prior to dry-off or until the cow was removed from the herd. Trial objectives were to determine the effect of bST on the incidence of clinical mastitis, number of days that milk was discarded because of therapy for clinical mastitis, and culling for mastitis. A total of 127 (22.9%) cases of clinical mastitis occurred during lactation. In the pretrial period (before 63 to 69 d of lactation), 42 (33.1%) cases occurred, and 85 (66.9%) cases occurred during the trial. Of the 42 pretrial cases, 57.1% occurred in control cows, and 42.9% occurred in treated cows. Of the 85 trial cases 47.1% occurred in control cows, and 52.9% occurred in treated cows. Using logistic regression, the odds ratio for the occurrence of clinical mastitis in treated cows was 1.06 (95% confidence interval = 0.62 to 1.81). The number of days that milk was discarded following therapy for clinical mastitis and the culling rate for mastitis did not differ between study groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Judge
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huber JT, Wu Z, Fontes C, Sullivan JL, Hoffman RG, Hartnell GF. Administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin to dairy cows for four consecutive lactations. J Dairy Sci 1997; 80:2355-60. [PMID: 9361207 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(97)76186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Effects of long-term administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) to dairy cows on complete lactational performance [60 (+/- 3) to 284 (+/- 3) d in milk (DIM)] were studied for four consecutive lactations. Beginning on d 60 (+/- 3) postpartum, Holstein cows received biweekly injections (500 mg) of bST (n = 39) or a placebo (control; n = 39) during the first lactation of the study. Cows either continued on the same treatment (n = 26) or were switched to the opposite treatment (n = 29) during the second lactation. Cows that changed treatments were injected for only 16 wk during the second lactation. Six cows per treatment completed four consecutive lactations. Treatment with bST during the first lactation did not have a residual effect on milk yields during the second lactation. Injections of bST during the second lactation increased milk yield 6.5 kg/d from 60 (+/- 3) to 172 DIM. For the four lactations, cows receiving bST yielded 3.7 kg/d (14%) more milk and gained 52 kg (37%) more body weight than did controls. Pretreatment (from 0 to 56 DIM) milk yields in yr 2, 3, and 4 were not affected by previous bST treatment. Milk yield, efficiency of feed utilization, and body weights were enhanced in cows injected with bST for four consecutive lactations. Previous bST treatment did not diminish milk yields in subsequent lactations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J T Huber
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Eppard PJ, White TC, Sorbet RH, Weiser MG, Cole WJ, Hartnell GF, Hintz RL, Lanza GM, Vicini JL, Collier RJ. Effect of exogenous somatotropin on hematological variables of lactating cows and their offspring. J Dairy Sci 1997; 80:1582-91. [PMID: 9276796 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(97)76088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Eighty-two lactating Holstein cows in their first, second, or third lactation received either one, three, or five concurrent i.m. injections of a unit dose (0.6 g) of zinc methionyl bovine somatotropin (bST) or five doses of the vehicle. Injections were administered at 14-d intervals from 60 +/- 3 d postpartum until the end of lactation or until necropsy. Thirty-eight cows were continued on the treatment for a 2nd yr. Blood samples were collected at wk -2, -1, 3, and 7 relative to the start of treatment and then every 8 wk (yr 1) or 4 wk (yr 2) thereafter. Untreated cows that were included in a survey of the resident herd were bled at wk 7 or 8, wk 10 or 11, and wk 13 or 14 of lactation and every 4 or 8 wk thereafter. Calves were bled within 72 h of birth and at approximately 5 wk of age. Most parameters associated with erythrocytes were decreased mildly in cows that were treated with bST. However, data remained within generally accepted reference ranges, and changes were not of clinical importance. Decreased hematocrit was not associated with increased hemolysis, hemodilution, or clinical anemia. No morphological lesions related to treatment were noted in the bone marrow or spleen; bST did not affect the incidence of immature cell types. Energy and protein balances did not significantly affect the hematological results of the cows. Calves generally were unaffected by bST treatment of the dam, but heavier calves had higher parameters associated with erythrocyte and lymphocyte counts than did calves with lower body weight. Exogenous bST treatment caused predictable changes in hematological parameters of dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Eppard
- Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO 63198, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Eppard PJ, Veenhuizen JJ, Cole WJ, Comens-Keller PG, Hartnell GF, Hintz RL, Munyakazi L, Olsson PK, Sorbet RH, White TC, Baile CA, Collier RJ, Goff JP, Horst RL. Effect of bovine somatotropin administered to periparturient dairy cows on the incidence of metabolic disease. J Dairy Sci 1996; 79:2170-81. [PMID: 9029355 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(96)76593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-eight dry, pregnant Jersey cows were assigned to diet and bST treatment in a 2 x 2 factorial design. During the dry period, half of the cows were fed a normal TMR (0.4% Ca; 0.3 to 0.4% P), and half of the cows were fed a high Ca TMR (1.5 to 1.6% Ca; 0.4 to 0.7% P). The high Ca diets were designed to induce milk fever and were relatively cationic (194 to 293 meq/kg) compared with the normal diets (-131 to 30 meq/kg). A standard dairy diet was fed to all cows postcalving. Cows received subcutaneous injections of either an oil-based excipient or 500 mg of bST in an oil-based excipient every 14 d from 28 d before expected calving until approximately 14 d postcalving. Peripartal bST treatment decreased the incidence of clinical mastitis, did not affect incidence of milk fever, and increased the duration, but not the incidence, of ketosis in mature Jersey cows. Blood data confirmed the clinical responses and indicated that treated cows mobilized more bone Ca than did controls, as was evidenced by increased hydroxyproline concentrations. Treatment with bST did not affect blood concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, Ca, or Mg. High Ca diets increased the incidence of milk fever and downer cow syndrome compared with normal diets. The effect of bST on mastitis and milk production must be considered as preliminary given the small size of the study. Although bST treatment increased Ca mobilization, the effect was insufficient to prevent milk fever in this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Eppard
- A Unit of Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO 63167, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hansen WP, Otterby DE, Linn JG, Anderson JF, Eggert RG. Multi-farm use of bovine somatotropin for two consecutive lactations and its effects on lactational performance, health, and reproduction. J Dairy Sci 1994; 77:94-110. [PMID: 8120209 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(94)76933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In a two-lactation study, 352 Holstein cows (124 primiparous) from six commercial dairy herds were assigned to daily injections of bST. Dosages were 0 (control), 5.15, 10.3, or 16.5 mg/d of bST; injections began 28 to 35 d postpartum. During yr 1, FCM production increased linearly as bST dose increased for primiparous and multiparous cows. However, FCM production for primiparous cows that were retained for yr 2 was not increased by bST, and the increase in FCM for multiparous cows was only 67% of that observed during yr 1 for doses of 10.3 and 16.5 mg/d. Milk SCC were not increased with the use of bST during either lactation. Days to conception of multiparous cows during yr 1 tended to increase linearly with increasing dose. Multiparous cows administered bST during yr 2 tended to have a lower conception rate than control cows (71 vs. 87%, respectively). Body condition was decreased linearly by bST dose at the end of yr 1 and 2. Prior to receiving bST during yr 2, bST-treated cows regained less body condition than control cows. Number of health disorders at parturition and assisted births of cows that received bST during yr 1 were unaffected by previous treatment. General health, ratio of single to multiple births, and BW gain of calves was similar among treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W P Hansen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lucy MC, De La Sota RL, Staples CR, Thatcher WW. Ovarian follicular populations in lactating dairy cows treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin (sometribove) or saline and fed diets differing in fat content and energy. J Dairy Sci 1993; 76:1014-27. [PMID: 8486833 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(93)77429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Interactions of dietary energy and fat with recombinant bST (sometribove) injections were tested for their effects on ovarian function. Lactating dairy cows were fed one of three diets differing in energy concentration (NEL) and percentage of DM of calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids: diet 1, 1.68 Mcal/kg and 0%; diet 2, 1.68 Mcal/kg and 2.2%; and diet 3, 1.78 Mcal/kg and 2.2%. Cows were injected daily with bST or saline during one of two 19-d interestrous periods (crossover design) in which ovarian follicles were measured by ultrasonography. The bST-treated cows produced more FCM and were in lower energy balance than saline-treated cows. Before d 12 (first follicular wave, estrus = d 0), bST-treated cows had more ovarian follicles in classes 1 (3 to 5 mm; cows on diet 3) or 2 (6 to 9 mm; cows on diets 1 and 2) than saline-treated cows. After d 12 (preovulatory follicular wave), numbers of follicles in different size classes were similar for bST-treated and saline-treated cows, but cows fed diet 2 had larger preovulatory follicles. Lower dietary energy and bST treatment were both associated with larger subordinate follicles. Ovarian follicles less than 10 mm were stimulated by bST, and calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids increased diameters of preovulatory follicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Lucy
- Dairy Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0920
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kirchgessner M, Maierhofer R, Schwarz FJ, Eidelsburger U. [Effect of feeding protected arginine on food intake, milk yield and growth hormone and amino acid levels in blood plasma of cows during the summer feeding period with grass]. ARCHIV FUR TIERERNAHRUNG 1993; 45:57-69. [PMID: 8572918 DOI: 10.1080/17450399309386088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The influence of a daily additon of 130 g arginine and 30 g lysine in a ruminally protected form on the content of growth hormone, amino acids and urea in blood plasma, milk yield and components and also feed intake under summer feeding conditions in an experimental period of eight weeks was investigated. The forage intake from grass was ad libitum. After a preperiod a total of 24 dairy cows were divided into 12 blocks, two cows in each, to consider milk yield, days postpartum and number of calving. The concentrate level of the treated group acted according to the control animals in each block. The growth hormone contents and the concentrations of arginine and lysine in blood plasma were not influenced by the addition of protected arginine. Urea content in blood plasma was increased in the treated cows tendentious in week 2 and significantly in the weeks 5 and 8. The decrease in milk yield in comparison with the preperiod was diminished in the arginine group by an average of 0.9 kg/d compared with the control, in the case of milk fat content it was significantly lowered. The milk protein and lactose contents were not changed by the treatment. The average daily forage intake was unchanged in the arginine group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kirchgessner
- Institut für Ernährungsphysiologie der Technischen Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mepham TB. Public Health Implications of Bovine Somatotrophin Use in Dairying: Discussion Paper. Med Chir Trans 1992; 85:736-9. [PMID: 1494163 PMCID: PMC1293761 DOI: 10.1177/014107689208501209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T B Mepham
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Science, University of Nottingham, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leicestershire
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Eppard PJ, Rogan GJ, Boysen BG, Miller MA, Hintz RL, Hammond BG, Torkelson AR, Collier RJ, Lanza GM. Effect of high doses of a sustained-release bovine somatotropin on antibody formation in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1992; 75:2959-67. [PMID: 1460127 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(92)78059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Eighty-two lactating Holstein cows received either one, three, or five concurrent, intramuscular injections of a unit dose (.6 g) of zinc methionyl bST (some-tribove) or five doses of the vehicle. Injections were administered at 14-d intervals from 60 d postpartum until the end of lactation or necropsy. Thirty-eight cows continued on the same treatment for a 2nd yr. Blood bST antibodies developed within the first 7 wk of treatment, and the number of cows with anti-bST binding generally declined with time. Thirteen out of 59 cows receiving bST developed binding activity > 25% (positives) during the 1st yr. At the .6-g dose level, no binding was detected after wk 15. Seven of the 13 positive cows were among the group randomly selected to continue on study during yr 2. In the 2nd yr, only 2 out of 24 bST-treated cows were positive. Binding activity was associated with the IgG fraction in serum. Binding capacities of antibodies ranged from .625 to 3.04 mg of bST/L, and affinities ranged from 1.14 x 10(8) to 3.14 x 10(8) L/mol. Cows considered to be clinically positive had performance similar to those of their herdmates having binding < 25%. No evidence of a pathologic effect of antibodies existed in treated cows, their calves, or fetuses. The presence of anti-bST antibodies did not affect milk production of the cow or growth of the calves conceived during bST treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Eppard
- Monsanto Company, Animal Sciences Division, St. Louis 63198
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhao X, Burton JH, McBride BW. Lactation, health, and reproduction of dairy cows receiving daily injectable or sustained-release somatotropin. J Dairy Sci 1992; 75:3122-30. [PMID: 1460139 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(92)78075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Seventy-four Holstein cows (26 primiparous) were utilized to compare the efficacy and safety of sustained-release versus daily injectable formulations of recombinant bST. Twenty-four control cows were injected biweekly with oil microsphere; 25 cows were injected biweekly with 350 mg of bST microsphere; and 25 cows were injected daily with 10.3 mg of bST. Injections were initiated between wk 4 and 5 of lactation and continued for 280 d. Administration of bST caused a moderate increase in milk and FCM production and improved the efficiency of feed and energy conversions. Most health-related and reproduction-related variables did not differ among treatment groups. However, incidence of teat and udder disorders and feet and leg problems tended to be higher during the 40-wk injection period for the bST-treated cows than for the control cows. Incidence of GnRH therapy and number of days to first service were higher for daily bST-treated cows than for controls. No differences existed between sustained-release and daily bST-treated cows for any parameters monitored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Adriaens FA, Miller MA, Hard DL, Weller RF, Hale MD, Collier RJ. Long-term effects of sometribove in lactating cows during a fourth consecutive lactation of treatment: insulin and somatotropin responses to glucose infusion. J Dairy Sci 1992; 75:472-80. [PMID: 1560142 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(92)77783-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of sometribove (USAN, methionyl bST) on the endocrine pancreas and blood bST concentrations was investigated in 6 control and 6 treated Friesian cows, averaging 111 and 118 d postpartum in their fourth lactation of treatment. Each lactation the treated cows received sometribove injections (500 mg) every 2 wk (injection cycle) starting 60 +/- 3 d postpartum, increasing milk yield 3.3, 5.9, 1.9, and 4.2 kg/d in lactations 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. On d 8 of a fourth lactation injection cycle, blood was sampled for 390 min, starting 30 min before an intravenous glucose infusion (100 mg/kg) over a 20-min period. Preinfusion concentrations of glucose, insulin, and bST were elevated in sometribove-treated cows versus controls: 82.1 versus 74.4 mg/dl, 28.1 versus 19.7 microIU/ml, and 4.6 versus .9 ng/ml, respectively. Glucose infusion resulted in a rapid increase in blood glucose and insulin concentrations, followed by a sharp decline to preinfusion values across both treatments, resulting in similar net area under the curves for glucose and insulin. Blood bST concentrations remained unchanged. This study supports the concept that sometribove increases milk yield in dairy cows by chronically influencing homeorhetic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F A Adriaens
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, MD
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cole WJ, Eppard PJ, Boysen BG, Madsen KS, Sorbet RH, Miller MA, Hintz RL, White TC, Ribelin WE, Hammond BG. Response of dairy cows to high doses of a sustained-release bovine somatotropin administered during two lactations. 2. Health and reproduction. J Dairy Sci 1992; 75:111-23. [PMID: 1541726 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(92)77745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Eighty-two lactating Holstein cows in their first, second, or third lactation received either one, three, or five concurrent i.m. injections of a unit dose (.6 g) of zinc methionyl bST (sometribove) or five doses of the vehicle. Injections were given at 14-d intervals from 60 +/- 3 d postpartum until the end of lactation or necropsy. Thirty-eight animals were continued on treatment for a 2nd yr. Sometribove did not affect the incidence of ketosis, milk fever, tetany, or pneumonia. Digestive disorders, primarily cows going off feed, were increased by bST during yr 1 only. The incidence of lameness was increased by bST in some time frames because of an increase in the 3.0-g bST group. Lameness was not associated with treatment-specific histopathologic changes or with abnormalities in cartilage or bone. Reproductive health generally was unaffected by treatment, but delayed conception and increased incidence of abortion were noted. Incidence of cystic ovaries was unaffected by bST. Pregnancy rates were decreased during the 100-d breeding interval of yr 1 but not during the 215-d interval of yr 2. The incidence of clinical mastitis was increased by bST, primarily at the 3.0-g dose. During the 2-yr study, 0, 3, 3, and 2 cows died or became moribund on 0, .6, 1.8, and 3.0 g of bST, respectively. Health issues identified for further evaluation included lameness and clinical mastitis for the 3.0-g group and early removal from the herd and decreased reproductive performance for all bST groups. Bovine somatotropin caused no treatment-specific toxic effects in dairy cows even at 3.0 g every 14 d.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W J Cole
- Monsanto Company, Animal Sciences Division, St. Louis, MO 63198
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|