1
|
Tao Q, Yang S, Wang S, Yang Y, Yu S, Pan Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Hu C. Neural Progenitor Cell-Mediated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of Glioma. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:4553-4561. [PMID: 38875521 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor in the brain. The diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficiency of glioma are facing great challenges due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the high infiltration of glioma. There is an urgent need to explore the combination of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to achieve a more accurate diagnosis, as well as guidance before and after surgery. In this work, we induced human induction of pluripotent stem cell into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and synthesized nanoprobes labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP, abbreviated as MFe3O4-labeled EGFP-NPCs) for photothermal therapy. Nanoprobes carried by NPCs can effectively penetrate the BBB and target glioma for the purpose of magnetic resonance imaging and guiding surgery. More importantly, MFe3O4-labeled EGFP-NPCs can effectively induce local photothermal therapy, conduct preoperative tumor therapy, and inhibit the recurrence of postoperative glioma. This work shows that MFe3O4-labeled EGFP-NPCs is a promising nanoplatform for glioma diagnosis, accurate imaging-guided surgery, and effective photothermal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwen Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yonggang Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingzhong Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shelton WJ, Zandpazandi S, Nix JS, Gokden M, Bauer M, Ryan KR, Wardell CP, Vaske OM, Rodriguez A. Long-read sequencing for brain tumors. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1395985. [PMID: 38915364 PMCID: PMC11194609 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1395985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors and genomics have a long-standing history given that glioblastoma was the first cancer studied by the cancer genome atlas. The numerous and continuous advances through the decades in sequencing technologies have aided in the advanced molecular characterization of brain tumors for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Since the implementation of molecular biomarkers by the WHO CNS in 2016, the genomics of brain tumors has been integrated into diagnostic criteria. Long-read sequencing, also known as third generation sequencing, is an emerging technique that allows for the sequencing of longer DNA segments leading to improved detection of structural variants and epigenetics. These capabilities are opening a way for better characterization of brain tumors. Here, we present a comprehensive summary of the state of the art of third-generation sequencing in the application for brain tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. We discuss the advantages and potential new implementations of long-read sequencing into clinical paradigms for neuro-oncology patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J. Shelton
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Sara Zandpazandi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - J Stephen Nix
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Murat Gokden
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Katie Rose Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Christopher P. Wardell
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Olena Morozova Vaske
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Analiz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rumalla K, Thommen R, Kazim SF, Segura AC, Kassicieh AJ, Schmidt MH, Bowers CA. Risk Analysis Index and 30-Day Mortality after Brain Tumor Resection: A Multicenter Frailty Analysis of 31,776 Patients from 2012 to 2020. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2024; 85:168-171. [PMID: 38449581 PMCID: PMC10914459 DOI: 10.1055/a-2015-1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the discriminative accuracy of the preoperative Risk Analysis Index (RAI) frailty score for prediction of mortality or transition to hospice within 30 days of brain tumor resection (BTR) in a large multicenter, international, prospective database. Methods Records of BTR patients were extracted from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2012-2020) database. The relationship between the RAI frailty scale and the primary end point (mortality or discharge to hospice within 30 days of surgery) was assessed using linear-by-linear proportional trend tests, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis (area under the curve as C-statistic). Results Patients with BTR ( N = 31,776) were stratified by RAI frailty tier: 16,800 robust (52.8%), 7,646 normal (24.1%), 6,593 frail (20.7%), and 737 severely frail (2.3%). The mortality/hospice rate was 2.5% ( n = 803) and was positively associated with increasing RAI tier: robust (0.9%), normal (3.3%), frail (4.6%), and severely frail (14.2%) ( p < 0.001). Isolated RAI was a robust discriminatory of primary end point in ROC curve analysis in the overall BTR cohort (C-statistic: 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-0.76) as well as the malignant (C-statistic: 0.74; 95% CI: 0. 67-0.80) and benign (C-statistic: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.70-0.73) tumor subsets (all p < 0.001). RAI score had statistically significantly better performance compared with the 5-factor modified frailty index and chronological age (both p < 0.0001). Conclusions RAI frailty score predicts 30-day mortality after BTR and may be translated to the bedside with a user-friendly calculator ( https://nsgyfrailtyoutcomeslab.shinyapps.io/braintumormortalityRAIcalc/ ). The findings hope to augment the informed consent and surgical decision-making process in this patient population and provide an example for future study designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavelin Rumalla
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital (UNMH), Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Rachel Thommen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital (UNMH), Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Syed Faraz Kazim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital (UNMH), Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Aaron C. Segura
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital (UNMH), Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Alexander J. Kassicieh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital (UNMH), Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Meic H. Schmidt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital (UNMH), Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Christian A. Bowers
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital (UNMH), Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Byun YH, Ha J, Kang H, Park CK, Jung KW, Yoo H. Changes in the Epidemiologic Pattern of Primary CNS Tumors in Response to the Aging Population: An Updated Nationwide Cancer Registry Data in the Republic of Korea. JCO Glob Oncol 2024; 10:e2300352. [PMID: 38301181 PMCID: PMC10846785 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary CNS tumors (PCNSTs) are tumors originating from the brain and surrounding tissues. These tumors account for a significant proportion of cancer deaths and morbidity globally. Accurate epidemiologic data are essential for shaping clinical practices, research priorities, and health care policies. This study presents the latest 2020 national data on PCNSTs from the Republic of Korea (ROK) and explores the trends in incidence and their societal implications in the context of an aging population. METHODS This is a cross-sectional, observational study conducted using data sourced from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database by the Korea Central Cancer Registry. The study analyzed national data on PCNSTs in the ROK for the years 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2020. RESULTS In 2020, 15,568 new PCNST cases were diagnosed in the ROK. The overall crude rate was 30.32, and the age-standardized rate was 19.37 per 100,000 persons. A decade-long trend analysis revealed an increasing trend in newly diagnosed glioblastoma and lymphoma, and a decreasing trend in embryonal tumors, in relation to the aging population of the ROK. CONCLUSION This study shows the significant impact of demographic shifts on the epidemiologic patterns of PCNSTs in the ROK. Our findings emphasize the need for collaborative efforts to address the rising challenges posed by the changing incidence of PCNSTs related to an aging population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hwan Byun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Johyun Ha
- Division of Cancer Registration and Surveillance, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Kee Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Jung
- Division of Cancer Registration and Surveillance, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Yoo
- Department of Neuro-Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tan JY, Thong JY, Yeo YH, Mbenga K, Saleh S. Gender, Racial, and Geographical Disparities in Malignant Brain Tumor Mortality in the USA. Oncology 2024; 102:703-709. [PMID: 38281482 DOI: 10.1159/000536486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant brain tumors are malignancies which are known for their low survival rates. Despite advancements in treatments in the last decade, the disparities in malignant brain cancer mortality among the US population remain unclear. METHODS We analyzed death certificate data from the US CDC WONDER from 1999 to 2020 to determine the longitudinal trends of malignant brain tumor mortality. Malignant brain tumor (ICD-10 C71.0-71.9) was listed as the underlying cause of death. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 individuals were calculated by standardizing the AAMR to the year 2000 US population. RESULTS From 1999 to 2020, there were 306,375 deaths due to malignant brain tumors. The AAMR decreased from 5.57 (95% CI, 5.47-5.67) per 100,000 individuals in 1999 to 5.40 (95% CI, 5.31-5.48) per 100,000 individuals in 2020, with an annual percent decrease of -0.05 (95% CI, -0.22, 0.12). Whites had the highest AAMR (6.05 [95% CI, 6.02-6.07] per 100,000 individuals), followed by Hispanics (3.70 [95% CI, 3.64-3.76]) per 100,000 individuals, blacks (3.09 [95% CI, 3.04-3.14] per 100,000 individuals), American Indians (2.82 [95% CI, 2.64-3.00] per 100,000 individuals), and Asians (2.44 [95% CI, 2.38-2.50] per 100,000 individuals). The highest AAMRs were reported in the Midwest region (5.58 [95% CI, 5.54-5.62] per 100,000 individuals) and the rural regions (5.66 [95% CI, 5.61-5.71] per 100,000 individuals). CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the mortality disparity among different races, geographic regions, and urbanization levels. The findings underscore the importance of addressing the disparities in malignant brain tumors that existed among males, white individuals, and rural populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yi Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College at Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jia Yean Thong
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Hao Yeo
- Department of Internal Medicine/Pediatrics, Corewell Health, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelly Mbenga
- St George's University School of Medicine, St George's, Grenada
| | - Sabera Saleh
- St George's University School of Medicine, St George's, Grenada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Estevez-Ordonez D, Abdelrashid M, Coffee E, Laskay NMB, Atchley TJ, Chkheidze R, Fiveash JB, Markert JM, Lobbous M, Maveal BM, Burt Nabors L. Racial and socioeconomic disparities in glioblastoma outcomes: A single-center, retrospective cohort study. Cancer 2023; 129:3010-3022. [PMID: 37246417 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Emerging reports have suggested that racial and socioeconomic disparities influence the outcomes of patients with GBM. No studies to date have investigated these disparities controlling for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) status. METHODS Adult patients with GBM were retrospectively reviewed at a single institution from 2008 to 2019. Univariable and multivariable complete survival analyses were performed. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the effect of race and socioeconomic status controlling for a priori selected variables with known relevance to survival. RESULTS In total, 995 patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 117 patients (11.7%) were African American (AA). The median overall survival for the entire cohort was 14.23 months. In the multivariable model, AA patients had better survival compared with White patients (hazard ratio [HR], 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2-0.69). The observed survival difference was significant in both a complete case analysis model and a multiple imputations model accounting for missing molecular data and controlling for treatment and socioeconomic status. AA patients with low income (HR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.04-4.50), public insurance (HR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.04-4.87), or no insurance (HR, 15.63; 95% CI, 2.72-89.67) had worse survival compared with White patients with low income, public insurance, or no insurance, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Significant racial and socioeconomic disparities were identified after controlling for treatment, GBM genetic profile, and other variables associated with survival. Overall, AA patients demonstrated better survival. These findings may suggest the possibility of a protective genetic advantage in AA patients. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY To best personalize treatment for and understand the causes of glioblastoma, racial and socioeconomic influences must be examined. The authors report their experience at the O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center in the deep south. In this report, contemporary molecular diagnostic data are included. The authors conclude that there are significant racial and socioeconomic disparities that influence glioblastoma outcome and that African American patients do better.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Moaaz Abdelrashid
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elizabeth Coffee
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas M B Laskay
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Travis J Atchley
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rati Chkheidze
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John B Fiveash
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James M Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mina Lobbous
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brandon M Maveal
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Louis Burt Nabors
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hu X, Ma Y, Jiang X, Tang W, Xia Y, Song P. Neurosurgical perioperative management of frail elderly patients. Biosci Trends 2023; 17:271-282. [PMID: 37635083 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2023.01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid increase in global aging, the prevalence of frailty is increasing and frailty has emerged as an emerging public health burden. Frail elderly patients suffer from reduced homeostatic reserve capacity, which is associated with a disproportionate decline in physical status after exposure to stress and an increased risk of adverse events. Frailty is closely associated with changes in the volume of the white and gray matter of the brain. Sarcopenia has been suggested to be an important component of frailty, and reductions in muscle strength and muscle mass lead to reductions in physical function and independence, which are critical factors contributing to poor prognosis. Approximately 10-32% of patients undergoing neurological surgery are frail, and the risk of frailty increases with age, which is significantly associated with the occurrence of adverse postoperative events (major complications, total duration of hospitalization, and need for discharge to a nursing facility). The postoperative mortality rate in severely frail patients is 9-11 times higher than that in non-frail individuals. Therefore, due attention must be paid to neurosurgical frailty and muscle assessment in elderly patients. Specialized interventions in the perioperative period of neurosurgery in frail elderly patients may improve their postoperative prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiqi Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Haikou, China
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yanan Ma
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wei Tang
- International Health Care Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Haikou, China
| | - Peipei Song
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Özdemir İ, Kamson DO, Etyemez S, Blair L, Lin DDM, Barker PB. Downfield Proton MRSI at 3 Tesla: A Pilot Study in Human Brain Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4311. [PMID: 37686587 PMCID: PMC10486526 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the use of 3D downfield proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (DF-MRSI) for evaluation of tumor recurrence in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). METHODS Seven patients (4F, age range 44-65 and mean ± standard deviation 59.3 ± 7.5 years) with previously treated GBM were scanned using a recently developed 3D DF-MRSI sequence at 3T. Short TE 3D DF-MRSI and water reference 3D-MRSI scans were collected with a nominal spatial resolution of 0.7 cm3. DF volume data in eight slices covered 12 cm of brain in the cranio-caudal axis. Data were analyzed using the 'LCModel' program and a basis set containing nine peaks ranging in frequency between 6.83 to 8.49 ppm. The DF8.18 (assigned to amides) and DF7.90 peaks were selected for the creation of metabolic images and statistical analysis. Longitudinal MR images and clinical history were used to classify brain lesions as either recurrent tumor or treatment effect, which may include necrosis. DF-MRSI data were compared between lesion groups (recurrent tumor, treatment effect) and normal-appearing brain. RESULTS Of the seven brain tumor patients, two were classified as having recurrent tumor and the rest were classified as treatment effect. Amide metabolite levels from recurrent tumor regions were significantly (p < 0.05) higher compared to both normal-appearing brain and treatment effect regions. Amide levels in lesion voxels classified as treatment effect were significantly lower than normal brain. CONCLUSIONS 3D DF-MRSI in human brain tumors at 3T is feasible and was well tolerated by all patients enrolled in this preliminary study. Amide levels measured by 3D DF-MRSI were significantly different between treatment effect and tumor regrowth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İpek Özdemir
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David O. Kamson
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Semra Etyemez
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lindsay Blair
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Doris D. M. Lin
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Peter B. Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain MRI, The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ali UM, Withrow DR, Judge AD, Plaha P, Darby SC. Temporal trends in the incidence of malignant and nonmalignant primary brain and central nervous system tumors by the method of diagnosis in England, 1993-2017. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1177-1192. [PMID: 36610462 PMCID: PMC10237429 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies report increases in the incidences of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The reasons for this are unclear. METHODS Data on all 188 340 individuals diagnosed with a primary CNS tumor in England (1993-2017) were obtained from the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service. Data on all computerized tomography (CT) head and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans in England (2013-2017) were obtained from the National Health Service Digital. Age-sex-standardized annual incidence rates per 100 000 population (ASR) were calculated by calendar year, tumor behavior, tumor location, and method of diagnosis. Temporal trends were quantified using average annual percent change (AAPC). RESULTS The ASR for all CNS tumors increased from 13.0 in 1993 to 18.6 in 2017 (AAPC: +1.5%, 95% CI: 1.3, 1.7). The ASR for malignant tumors (52% overall) remained stable (AAPC: +0.5%, 95% CI: -0.2, 1.3), while benign tumors (37% overall) increased (AAPC: +2.6%, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.0). Among the 66% of benign tumors that were microscopically confirmed, the ASR increased modestly (AAPC: +1.3%, 95% CI: 0.5, 2.1). However, among the 25% of benign tumors that were radiographically confirmed, the ASR increased substantially (AAPC: 10.2%, 95% CI: 7.9, 12.5), principally driven by large increases in those who are aged 65+ years. The rate of CT head scans in Accident & Emergency (A&E) increased during 2013-2017, with especially large increases in 65-84 and 85+-year-olds (AAPCs: +18.4% and +22.5%). CONCLUSIONS Increases in CNS tumor incidence in England are largely attributable to the greater detection of benign tumors. This could be the result of the increasing use of neuroimaging, particularly CT head scans in A&E in people who are aged 65+ years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Usama M Ali
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Diana R Withrow
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew D Judge
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Puneet Plaha
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah C Darby
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lenda B, Żebrowska-Nawrocka M, Turek G, Balcerczak E. Zinc Finger E-Box Binding Homeobox Family: Non-Coding RNA and Epigenetic Regulation in Gliomas. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051364. [PMID: 37239035 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common malignant brain tumours. Among them, glioblastoma (GBM) is a grade four tumour with a median survival of approximately 15 months and still limited treatment options. Although a classical epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is not the case in glioma due to its non-epithelial origin, the EMT-like processes may contribute largely to the aggressive and highly infiltrative nature of these tumours, thus promoting invasive phenotype and intracranial metastasis. To date, many well-known EMT transcription factors (EMT-TFs) have been described with clear, biological functions in glioma progression. Among them, EMT-related families of molecules such as SNAI, TWIST and ZEB are widely cited, well-established oncogenes considering both epithelial and non-epithelial tumours. In this review, we aimed to summarise the current knowledge with a regard to functional experiments considering the impact of miRNA and lncRNA as well as other epigenetic modifications, with a main focus on ZEB1 and ZEB2 in gliomas. Although we explored various molecular interactions and pathophysiological processes, such as cancer stem cell phenotype, hypoxia-induced EMT, tumour microenvironment and TMZ-resistant tumour cells, there is still a pressing need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which EMT-TFs are regulated in gliomas, which will enable researchers to uncover novel therapeutic targets as well as improve patients' diagnosis and prognostication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Lenda
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, BRaIN Laboratories, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 4, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Żebrowska-Nawrocka
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, BRaIN Laboratories, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 4, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Turek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bródnowski Masovian Hospital, Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Balcerczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, BRaIN Laboratories, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 4, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mohammadi E, Moghaddam SS, Azadnajafabad S, Maroufi SF, Rashidi MM, Naderian M, Jafari A, Sharifi G, Ghasemi E, Rezaei N, Malekpour MR, Kompani F, Rezaei N, Larijani B, Farzadfar F. Epidemiology of Brain and Other Central Nervous System Cancers in the North Africa and Middle East Region: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2019. World Neurosurg 2023; 171:e796-e819. [PMID: 36586579 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present estimates of prevalence and incidence of and contributors to central nervous system (CNS) cancers, death, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years from 1990 to 2019 in North Africa and the Middle East. METHODS Primary measures were retrieved from Global Burden of Disease 2019. Contribution of various factors to observed incidence and mortality changes was investigated with decomposition and age-period-cohort analyses. RESULTS In 2019, 27,529 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 18,554-32,579; percent change compared with 1990: +152.5%) new CNS cancers and 17,773 (95% UI:12,096-20,936; percent change compared with 1990: +111.5%) deaths occurred. Meanwhile, 71.0% increase led to 71,6271 (95% UI: 493,932-848,226) disability-adjusted life years in 2019 with a halved years of life lost/years lived with disability ratio of 66.3% (proxy of worse care quality). Altogether, 97,195 (95% UI: 64,216-115,621; percent change compared with 1990: +280.5%) patients with prevalent cases were alive in 2019. All decomposed indices, including aging, cause-specific incidence, and population growth, contributed substantially to increased incidence of CNS cancers. Moreover, age brackets, study period (1990-2019), and 5-year cohorts all demonstrated positive effects, while age had a mixed influence in different age groups. Palestine harbored the highest age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate in 2019 (232.0 [95% UI: 175.6-279.5]), while Tunisia had the lowest (41.8 [95% UI: 27.6-57.1] per 100,000). The greatest burden increase was found in Saudi Arabia (32.3%). CONCLUSIONS The burden of CNS cancers is rising in North Africa and the Middle East, with major heterogeneities among countries. Improved early detection and health care access across countries are required to bridge inequalities and address the rising burden of CNS malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sina Azadnajafabad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Farzad Maroufi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Naderian
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jafari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Skull Base Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Guive Sharifi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Skull Base Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Ghasemi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Malekpour
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Kompani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
McCray E, Waguia R, de la Garza Ramos R, Price MJ, Williamson T, Dalton T, Sciubba DM, Yassari R, Goodwin AN, Fecci P, Johnson MO, Chaichana K, Goodwin CR. Racial disparities in inpatient clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes in brain metastasis. Neurooncol Pract 2023; 10:62-70. [PMID: 36659969 PMCID: PMC9837769 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have assessed the impact of race on short-term patient outcomes in the brain metastasis population. The goal of this study is to evaluate the association of race with inpatient clinical presentation, treatment, in-hospital complications, and in-hospital mortality rates for patients with brain metastases (BM). Method Using data collected from the National Inpatient Sample between 2004 and 2014, we retrospectively identified adult patients with a primary diagnosis of BM. Outcomes included nonroutine discharge, prolonged length of stay (pLOS), in-hospital complications, and mortality. Results Minority (Black, Hispanic/other) patients were less likely to receive surgical intervention compared to White patients (odds ratio [OR] 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66-0.74, p < 0.001; OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.84-0.93, p < 0.001). Black patients were more likely to develop an in-hospital complication than White patients (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.28-1.41, p < 0.001). Additionally, minority patients were more likely to experience pLOS than White patients (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.41-1.57, p < 0.001; OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.27-1.42, p < 0.001). Black patients were more likely to experience a nonroutine discharge (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.19-1.31, p < 0.001) and higher in-hospital mortality than White (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.03-1.23, p = 0.008). Conclusion Our analysis demonstrated that race is associated with disparate short-term outcomes in patients with BM. More efforts are needed to address these disparities, provide equitable care, and allow for similar outcomes regardless of care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin McCray
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Romaric Waguia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rafael de la Garza Ramos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Meghan J Price
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Theresa Williamson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tara Dalton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel M Sciubba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Long Island Jewish Medical Center and North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Reza Yassari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Andrea N Goodwin
- Department of Sociology, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter Fecci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Margaret O Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - C Rory Goodwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Muresan P, McCrorie P, Smith F, Vasey C, Taresco V, Scurr DJ, Kern S, Smith S, Gershkovich P, Rahman R, Marlow M. Development of nanoparticle loaded microneedles for drug delivery to a brain tumour resection site. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 182:53-61. [PMID: 36435313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Systemic drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) has been historically impeded by the presence of the blood brain barrier rendering many therapies inefficacious to any cancer cells residing within the brain. Therefore, local drug delivery systems are being developed to overcome this shortfall. Here we have manufactured polymeric microneedle (MN) patches, which can be anchored within a resection cavity site following surgical removal of a tumour such as isocitrate dehydrogenase wild type glioblastoma (GBM). These MN patches have been loaded with polymer coated nanoparticles (NPs) containing cannabidiol (CBD) or olaparib (OLA) and applied to an in vitro brain simulant and ex vivo rat brain tissue to assess drug release and distance of penetration. MN patches loaded with methylene blue dye were placed into a cavity of 0.6 % agarose to simulate brain tissue. The results showed that clear channels were generated by the MNs and the dye spread laterally throughout the agarose. When loaded with CBD-NPs, the agarose showed a CBD concentration of 12.5 µg/g at 0.5 cm from the MN insertion site. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography of ex vivo brain tissue following CBD-NP/MN patch insertion showed successful delivery of 59.6 µg/g into the brain tissue. Similarly, OLA-NP loaded MN patches showed delivery of 5.2 µg/g OLA into agarose gel at 0.5 cm distance from the insertion site. Orbitrap secondary ion mass spectrometry (OrbiSIMS) analysis confirmed the presence of OLA and the MN patch at up to 6 mm away from the insertion site following its application to a rat brain hemisphere. This data has provided insight into the capabilities and versatility of MN patches for use in local brain drug delivery, giving promise for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Muresan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Phoebe McCrorie
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Fiona Smith
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Catherine Vasey
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David J Scurr
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stefanie Kern
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stuart Smith
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ruman Rahman
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Maria Marlow
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Delavar A, Wali AR, Santiago-Dieppa DR, Al Jammal OM, Kidwell RL, Khalessi AA. Racial and ethnic disparities in brain tumour survival by age group and tumour type. Br J Neurosurg 2022; 36:705-711. [PMID: 35762526 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2022.2090507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The extent to which racial/ethnic brain tumour survival disparities vary by age is not very clear. In this study, we assess racial/ethnic brain tumour survival disparities overall by age group and type. METHODS Data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 registries for US-based individuals diagnosed with a first primary malignant tumour from 2007 through 2016. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between race/ethnicity and brain tumour survival, stratified by age group and tumour type. RESULTS After adjusting for sex, socioeconomic status, insurance status, and tumour type, non-Hispanic (NH) Blacks (HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.02-1.55), NH Asian or Pacific Islanders (HR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.01-1.66), and Hispanics (any race) (HR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.09-1.51) all showed a survival disadvantage compared with NH Whites for the youngest age group studied (0-9 years). Furthermore, NH Blacks (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.91-0.97), NH Asian or Pacific Islanders (HR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.77-0.92), and Hispanics (any race) (HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.85-0.97) all showed a survival advantage compared with NH Whites for the 60-79 age group. Tests for interactions showed significant trends, indicating that racial/ethnic survival disparities disappear and even reverse for older age groups (P < 0.001). This reversal appears to be driven by poor glioblastoma survival among NH Whites (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Disparities in brain tumour survival among minorities exist primarily among children and adolescents. NH White adults show worse survival than their minority counterparts, which is possibly driven by poor glioblastoma biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Delavar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arvin R Wali
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Omar M Al Jammal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Reilly L Kidwell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander A Khalessi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hajdarovic KH, Yu D, Webb AE. Understanding the aging hypothalamus, one cell at a time. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:942-954. [PMID: 36272823 PMCID: PMC9671837 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a brain region that integrates signals from the periphery and the environment to maintain organismal homeostasis. To do so, specialized hypothalamic neuropeptidergic neurons control a range of processes, such as sleep, feeding, the stress response, and hormone release. These processes are altered with age, which can affect longevity and contribute to disease status. Technological advances, such as single-cell RNA sequencing, are upending assumptions about the transcriptional identity of cell types in the hypothalamus and revealing how distinct cell types change with age. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the contribution of hypothalamic functions to aging. We highlight recent single-cell studies interrogating distinct cell types of the mouse hypothalamus and suggest ways in which single-cell 'omics technologies can be used to further understand the aging hypothalamus and its role in longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Doudou Yu
- Graduate program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Ashley E Webb
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Center on the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Allen NC, Chauhan R, Bates PJ, O’Toole MG. Optimization of Tumor Targeting Gold Nanoparticles for Glioblastoma Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3869. [PMID: 36364644 PMCID: PMC9653665 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma brain tumors represent an aggressive form of gliomas that is hallmarked by being extremely invasive and aggressive due to intra and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. This complex tumor microenvironment makes even the newer advancements in glioblastoma treatment less effective long term. In developing newer treatment technologies against glioblastoma, one should tailor the treatment to the tumor microenvironment, thus allowing for a more robust and sustained anti-glioblastoma effect. Here, we present a novel gold nanoparticle therapy explicitly designed for bioactivity against glioblastoma representing U87MG cell lines. We employ standard conjugation techniques to create oligonucleotide-coated gold nanoparticles exhibiting strong anti-glioblastoma behavior and optimize their design to maximize bioactivity against glioblastoma. Resulting nanotherapies are therapy specific and show upwards of 75% inhibition in metabolic and proliferative activity with stark effects on cellular morphology. Ultimately, these gold nanotherapies are a good base for designing more multi-targeted approaches to fighting against glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C. Allen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Rajat Chauhan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Paula J. Bates
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Martin G. O’Toole
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Thommen R, Kazim SF, Rumalla K, Kassicieh AJ, Kalakoti P, Schmidt MH, McKee RG, Hall DE, Miskimins RJ, Bowers CA. Preoperative frailty measured by risk analysis index predicts complications and poor discharge outcomes after Brain Tumor Resection in a large multi-center analysis. J Neurooncol 2022; 160:285-297. [PMID: 36316568 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the independent effect of frailty, as measured by the Risk Analysis Index-Administrative (RAI-A) for postoperative complications and discharge outcomes following brain tumor resection (BTR) in a large multi-center analysis. METHODS Patients undergoing BTR were queried from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSIQP) for the years 2015 to 2019. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate the independent associations between frailty tools (age, 5-factor modified frailty score [mFI-5], and RAI-A) on postoperative complications and discharge outcomes. RESULTS We identified 30,951 patients who underwent craniotomy for BTR; the median age of our study sample was 59 (IQR 47-68) years old and 47.8% of patients were male. Overall, increasing RAI-A score, in an overall stepwise fashion, was associated with increasing risk of adverse outcomes including in-hospital mortality, non-routine discharge, major complications, Clavien-Dindo Grade IV complication, and extended length of stay. Multivariable regression analysis (adjusting for age, sex, BMI, non-elective surgery status, race, and ethnicity) demonstrated that RAI-A was an independent predictor for worse BTR outcomes. The RAI-A tiers 41-45 (1.2% cohort) and > 45 (0.3% cohort) were ~ 4 (Odds Ratio [OR]: 4.3, 95% CI: 2.1-8.9) and ~ 9 (OR: 9.5, 95% CI: 3.9-22.9) times more likely to have in-hospital mortality compared to RAI-A 0-20 (34% cohort). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Increasing preoperative frailty as measured by the RAI-A score is independently associated with increased risk of complications and adverse discharge outcomes after BTR. The RAI-A may help providers present better preoperative risk assessment for patients and families weighing the risks and benefits of potential BTR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Thommen
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Syed Faraz Kazim
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Kavelin Rumalla
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Alexander J Kassicieh
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Piyush Kalakoti
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meic H Schmidt
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Rohini G McKee
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico Hospital (UNMH), Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Daniel E Hall
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Wolff Center at UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Richard J Miskimins
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico Hospital (UNMH), Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Christian A Bowers
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery MSC10 5615, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 81731, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fan Y, Zhang X, Gao C, Jiang S, Wu H, Liu Z, Dou T. Burden and trends of brain and central nervous system cancer from 1990 to 2019 at the global, regional, and country levels. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:209. [PMID: 36115969 PMCID: PMC9482735 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regularly updated epidemiological data on the burden of brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancers are important in the prioritization of research and the allocation of resources. This study aimed to investigate incidence, mortality, disability, and trends in brain and CNS cancers between 1990 and 2019. Methods Epidemiological data, including the cancer incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years(DALYs), age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rate (per 100,000 population) stratified by region, country, sex, and age group were retrieved and extracted using the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) query tool. Results In 2019, there were 347,992(262,084–388,896) global cases of brain and CNS cancers, which showed a significant increase (94.35%) from the period between 1990 to 2019. The global ASIR in 2019 was 4.34 (3.27–4.86) per 100, 000 population, which showed an increasing trend for the years 1990–2019 (13.82% [-27.27–32.83]). In 2019, there were 246,253 (185,642–270,930) global deaths caused by brain and CNS cancers, which showed a significant increase (76.36%) during the study period. The global ASMR in 2019 was 3.05(2.29–3.36) per 100, 000 population, which did not change significantly over the study period (-1.19% [-36.79–13.86]). In 2019, there were 8,659,871 DALYs, which was a 109.04% increase compared with 1990. Similarly, during 1990–2019, the age-standardized DALY rate decreased by 10.39%. Additionally, 76.60% of the incident cases, 72.98% of the deaths, and 65.16% of the DALYs due to brain and CNS cancers occurred in the high-income and upper-middle-income regions. Conclusions In conclusion, brain and CNS cancers remain a major public health burden, particularly in high-income regions. The global incidence, deaths, and DALYs of brain and CNS cancers were shown to have increased significantly from 1990 to 2019. The global ASIR kept rising steadily, while the ASMR and age-standardized DALY rate declined over the past three decades. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13690-022-00965-5.
Collapse
|
19
|
Shi S, Qin Y, Chen D, Deng Y, Yin J, Liu S, Yu H, Huang H, Chen C, Wu Y, Zou D, Wang Z. Echinacoside (ECH) suppresses proliferation, migration, and invasion of human glioblastoma cells by inhibiting Skp2-triggered epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 932:175176. [PMID: 35995211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echinacoside (ECH) is a phenylethanoid extracted from the stems of Cistanches salsa, an herb used in Chinese medicine formulations, and is effective against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the cornerstone of tumorigenesis and metastasis, and increases the malignant behavior of GBM cells. The S phase kinase-related protein 2 (skp2), an oncoprotein associated with EMT, is highly expressed in GBM and significantly associated with drug resistance, tumor grade and dismal prognosis. The aim of this study was to explore the inhibitory effects of ECH against GBM development and skp2-induced EMT. METHODS CCK-8, EdU incorporation, transwell, colony formation and sphere formation assays were used to determine the effects of ECH on GBM cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. The in vivo anti-glioma effects of ECH were examined using a U87 xenograft model. The expression levels of skp2 protein, EMT-associated markers (vimentin and snail) and stemness markers (Nestin and sox2) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and western blotting experiments. RESULTS ECH suppressed the proliferation, invasiveness and migration of GBM cells in vitro, as well as the growth of U87 xenograft in vivo. In addition, ECH downregulated the skp2 protein, EMT-related markers (vimentin and snail) and stemness markers (sox2 and Nestin). The inhibitory effects of ECH were augmented in the skp2-knockdown GBM cells, and reversed in cells with ectopic expression of skp2. CONCLUSION ECH inhibits glioma development by suppressing skp2-induced EMT of GBM cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengying Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Biomedicine Research Center, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Yixin Qin
- Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530201, China
| | - Danmin Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yanhong Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Biomedicine Research Center, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinjin Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Biomedicine Research Center, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaozhi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Biomedicine Research Center, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Biomedicine Research Center, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanhui Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Biomedicine Research Center, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaoduan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Biomedicine Research Center, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinyue Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Biomedicine Research Center, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Duan Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Biomedicine Research Center, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaotao Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jia X, Chen W, Chen W, Liao Y, Zhou J, Yuan L, Lin H, Bian J. Effect of
miR
‐34b/c
rs4938723 T > C on pediatric glioma susceptibility. PRECISION MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prm2.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Jia
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Wenchao Chen
- Department of Pediatrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yuxiang Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Jingying Zhou
- Department of Hematology The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Zhejiang China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Huiran Lin
- Faculty of Medicine Macau University of Science and Technology Macau China
| | - Jun Bian
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an Children's Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Affiliated Children's Hospital Xi'an Shaanxi China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yu K, Ji Y, Liu M, Shen F, Xiong X, Gu L, Lu T, Ye Y, Feng S, He J. High Expression of CKS2 Predicts Adverse Outcomes: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Glioma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:881453. [PMID: 35663965 PMCID: PMC9160311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.881453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory subunit 2 (CKS2) is a potential prognostic marker and is overexpressed in various cancers. This study analyzed sequencing and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus, with external validation using the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) data. CKS2 expression in the normal brain and tumor tissue was compared. cBioPortal and MethSurv were utilized to scrutinize the prognostic value of CKS2 methylation. Gene set enrichment examination and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis were employed to explore the potential biological functions of CKS2. Cell viability, colony formation, and transwell assays were conducted to evaluate the influence of CKS2 on glioma cell proliferation and invasion. Compared with normal brain tissue, the expression of CKS2 was upregulated in glioma samples (p < 0.001). Multivariate data analysis from TCGA and CGGA indicated that increased expression of CKS2 was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of overall survival in glioma patients. CKS2 methylation was negatively associated with CKS2 expression. Patients with CKS2 hypomethylation had worse overall survival compared with patients with CKS2 methylation, as suggested by the analysis of both TCGA and CGGA datasets. The expression level of CKS2 is closely related to tumor immunity, including the correlation of tumor immune cell infiltration, immune score, and co-expression of multiple immune-related genes. In addition, CKS2 is associated with several immune checkpoints and responses to the chemotherapy drug cisplatin. CKS2 knockdown impeded the expansion and aggression of glioma cell lines. The changes in CKS2 expression may provide a novel prognostic biomarker that can be used to improve patient overall survival rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital of Nangchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Poyang County People’s Hospital, Shangrao, China
| | - Fugeng Shen
- Bone Traumatology Department, Shangli County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Pingxiang, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianzhu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital of Nangchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingze Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianying He
- Department of Orthopedic, JiangXi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Jianying He,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Neth BJ, Carabenciov ID, Ruff MW, Johnson DR. Temporal Trends in Glioblastoma Survival: Progress then Plateau. Neurologist 2022; 27:119-124. [PMID: 34855660 DOI: 10.1097/nrl.0000000000000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) increased in the 2000s, most prominently after the addition of temozolomide to the standard-of-care treatment protocol. The reason for subsequent improvements in survival in the late 2000s and early 2010s was less clear, with explanations including the introduction of bevacizumab, better surgical methods, and advances in supportive care. It is uncertain whether the trend of improving population-level survival has continued. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program was analyzed comparing survival of adult GBM patients diagnosed in consecutive 3-year periods from 2000 to 2017. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used. RESULTS A total of 38,352 patients diagnosed with GBM between 2000 and 2017 met inclusion criteria. Median survival and percent survival to 12 and 24 months all progressively increased between 2000 and 2011. There were no significant differences in survival comparing 2009-2011 with 2012-2014 or 2015-2017. During the 2015-2017 period, median survival was 11 months, with 12 and 24-month survival proportions of 45.7% (95% confidence interval, 44.5-47.0) and 19.0% (95% confidence interval, 18.6-21.2), respectively. CONCLUSIONS After a period of progressive improvement in GBM survival between 2000 and 2011, survival plateaued. Subsequent advances since 2011 have not yet been translated to improved survival on the population-level as of 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Derek R Johnson
- Departments of Neurology
- Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alanazi MF, Ali MU, Hussain SJ, Zafar A, Mohatram M, Irfan M, AlRuwaili R, Alruwaili M, Ali NH, Albarrak AM. Brain Tumor/Mass Classification Framework Using Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-Based Isolated and Developed Transfer Deep-Learning Model. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:372. [PMID: 35009911 PMCID: PMC8749789 DOI: 10.3390/s22010372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement in technology, machine learning can be applied to diagnose the mass/tumor in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This work proposes a novel developed transfer deep-learning model for the early diagnosis of brain tumors into their subclasses, such as pituitary, meningioma, and glioma. First, various layers of isolated convolutional-neural-network (CNN) models are built from scratch to check their performances for brain MRI images. Then, the 22-layer, binary-classification (tumor or no tumor) isolated-CNN model is re-utilized to re-adjust the neurons' weights for classifying brain MRI images into tumor subclasses using the transfer-learning concept. As a result, the developed transfer-learned model has a high accuracy of 95.75% for the MRI images of the same MRI machine. Furthermore, the developed transfer-learned model has also been tested using the brain MRI images of another machine to validate its adaptability, general capability, and reliability for real-time application in the future. The results showed that the proposed model has a high accuracy of 96.89% for an unseen brain MRI dataset. Thus, the proposed deep-learning framework can help doctors and radiologists diagnose brain tumors early.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhannad Faleh Alanazi
- Radiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Umair Ali
- Department of Unmanned Vehicle Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Shaik Javeed Hussain
- Department of Electrical and Electronics, Global College of Engineering and Technology, Muscat 112, Oman;
| | - Amad Zafar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Ibadat International University, Islamabad 54590, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Mohatram
- Department of Electrical and Electronics, Global College of Engineering and Technology, Muscat 112, Oman;
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Raed AlRuwaili
- Radiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mubarak Alruwaili
- Radiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Naif H. Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anas Mohammad Albarrak
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 16278, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang B, Wang X, Dong D, Pan Y, Wu J, Liu J. Existing Drug Repurposing for Glioblastoma to Discover Candidate Drugs as a New a Approach. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180818666210509141735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims:
Repurposing of drugs has been hypothesized as a means of identifying novel
treatment methods for certain diseases.
Background:
Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive type of human cancer; the most effective treatment
for glioblastoma is chemotherapy, whereas, when repurposing drugs, a lot of time and money can be
saved.
Objective:
Repurposing of the existing drug may be used to discover candidate drugs for individualized
treatments of GB.
Method:
We used the bioinformatics method to obtain the candidate drugs. In addition, the drugs
were verified by MTT assay, Transwell® assays, TUNEL staining, and in vivo tumor formation experiments,
as well as statistical analysis.
Result:
We obtained 4 candidate drugs suitable for the treatment of glioma, camptothecin, doxorubicin,
daunorubicin and mitoxantrone, by the expression spectrum data IPAS algorithm analysis and
drug-pathway connectivity analysis. These validation experiments showed that camptothecin was
more effective in treating the GB, such as MTT assay, Transwell® assays, TUNEL staining, and in
vivo tumor formation.
Conclusion:
With regard to personalized treatment, this present study may be used to guide the research
of new drugs via verification experiments and tumor formation. The present study also provides
a guide to systematic, individualized drug discovery for complex diseases and may contribute
to the future application of individualized treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou Medical College Affiliated Lin’an People’s Hospital, The First People’s
Hospital of Hangzhou Lin’an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Xiande Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou Medical College Affiliated Lin’an People’s Hospital, The First People’s
Hospital of Hangzhou Lin’an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou Medical College Affiliated Lin’an People’s Hospital, The First People’s
Hospital of Hangzhou Lin’an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Yunqing Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou Medical College Affiliated Lin’an People’s Hospital, The First People’s
Hospital of Hangzhou Lin’an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Junhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou Medical College Affiliated Lin’an People’s Hospital, The First People’s
Hospital of Hangzhou Lin’an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Jianjian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou Medical College Affiliated Lin’an People’s Hospital, The First People’s
Hospital of Hangzhou Lin’an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang S, Song Z, Yuan Y, Guo G, Kang J. Effects of pulse parameters on the temperature distribution of a human head exposed to the electromagnetic pulse. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22938. [PMID: 34824358 PMCID: PMC8617282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle to effectively deliver therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS); hence, the outcomes following treatment of CNS diseases remain unsatisfactory. Fortunately, electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) provide a non-invasive method to locally open the BBB. To obtain the optimal pulse parameters of EMP-induced BBB opening to ensure the effective delivery of CNS drugs, it is particularly important to measure and assess the effects of pulse parameters on the temperature distribution in the human head exposed to EMPs. In this paper, the specific anthropomorphic mannequin phantom was adopted and the temperature increase in the human head induced by EMPs of different parameters was estimated in the software “COMSOL Multiphysics”. The results show that the temperature distribution profiles with different EMP parameters have almost similar characteristics, the highest temperature increase values in the human head are positively correlated with variations of EMP parameters, and potential hazards to the human head may occur when EMP parameters exceed the safety threshold, which will provide theoretical basis for seeking the optimal EMP parameters to open the BBB to the greatest extent within a safe range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Faculty of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Zhongguo Song
- Faculty of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China.
| | - Yanning Yuan
- Faculty of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Guozhen Guo
- Department of Radiation Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jianjun Kang
- Xi'an Jiushuo Institute of Biotechnology, Xi'an, 710065, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Saberinasab A, Raissi H, Hashemzadeh H. Molecular insight into the role of polyethylene glycol and cholesterol on the performance of graphene-based nanomaterials in Blood-brain barrier delivery. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
27
|
Wang S, Song Z, Li H, Guo G, Xi X. Numerical simulation and analysis of effects of individual differences on the field distribution in the human brain with electromagnetic pulses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16504. [PMID: 34389783 PMCID: PMC8363612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening induced by electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) may be a drug delivery strategy of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, the mechanism of EMP-induced BBB opening is still ambiguous. Previous studies have shown the relation between the external field and the extent of BBB permeation (referred to as the effect), while the connection between the internal field and the effect remains unknown. Here, the influence of individual differences on the field distribution in the human brain with EMPs is investigated, the dielectric parameters of the specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) and structural parameters of the spherical brain are adjusted, and the field distribution in the brain illuminated by EMPs at the frequency range of 0-0.5 GHz is simulated based on the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Studio Suite. The results show that the average electric field in the brain is about 1/100-1/5 of the incident field within the studied frequency range, individual differences have little effect on the field distribution in the human brain; and thus, it is reliable to establish the connection between the internal field and the effect, which is of great theoretical significance for further study of the mechanism of an EMP on the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Faculty of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Zhongguo Song
- Faculty of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Huiping Li
- Faculty of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Guozhen Guo
- Department of Radiation Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaoli Xi
- Faculty of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Olea europaea leaf extract decreases tumour size by affecting the LncRNA expression status in glioblastoma 3D cell cultures. Eur J Integr Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
29
|
Gabay M, Weizman A, Zeineh N, Kahana M, Obeid F, Allon N, Gavish M. Liposomal Carrier Conjugated to APP-Derived Peptide for Brain Cancer Treatment. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1019-1029. [PMID: 33025416 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors are hard to treat with the currently available therapy. The major obstacle in the treatment of brain tumors is the lack of therapeutic strategies capable to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is an endothelial interface that separates the brain from the circulatory blood system and prevents the exposure of the central nervous system (CNS) to circulating toxins and potentially harmful compounds. Unfortunately, the BBB prevents also the penetration of therapeutic compounds into the brain. We present here a drug-delivery liposomal carrier, conjugated to a peptide inserted in the liposomal membrane, which is putatively recognized by BBB transporters. The peptide is a short sequence of 5 amino acids (RERMS) present in the amyloid precursor protein (APP). This APP-targeted liposomal system was designed specifically for transporting compounds with anti-cancer activity via the BBB into the brain in an effective manner. This drug-delivery liposomal carrier loaded with the anti-cancer compounds temozolomide (TMZ), curcumin, and doxorubicin crossed the BBB in an in vitro model as well as in vivo (mice model). In the in vitro model, the targeted liposomes crossed the BBB model fourfold higher than the non-targeted liposomes. Labeled targeted liposomes penetrated the brain in vivo 35% more than non-targeted liposomes. Treatment of mice that underwent intracranial injection of human U87 glioblastoma, with the targeted liposomes loaded with the three tested anti-cancer agents, delayed the tumor growth and prolonged the mice survival in a range of 45% -70%. It appears that the targeted liposomal drug-delivery system enables better therapeutic efficacy in a SCID mouse model of glioblastoma compared to the corresponding non-targeted liposomes and the free compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gabay
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Research Unit, Geha Mental Health Center and the Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, 4910002, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nidal Zeineh
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Meygal Kahana
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Fadi Obeid
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nahum Allon
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moshe Gavish
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, 31096, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bytnar JA, Lin J, Eaglehouse YL, Enewold L, Shriver CD, Zhu K. Brain cancer incidence: a comparison of active-duty military and general populations. Eur J Cancer Prev 2021; 30:328-333. [PMID: 32898014 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the USA, brain cancer disproportionately affects young adults. The US military has a younger age structure than the general population and may have differential exposures related to brain cancer. This study aimed to compare the incidence rates of brain cancer in the active-duty military and general populations to provide clues for future etiologic research. The rates between military service branches were also compared. METHODS The data for this study were from the Department of Defense's Automated Central Tumor Registry (ACTUR) and the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 9 (SEER-9) registries. Age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates of malignant neuroepithelial brain cancer among adults 20-54 years of age from 1990-2013 were calculated and compared between the two populations, given as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The age and sex-adjusted incidence rate for malignant neuroepithelial brain cancer was significantly lower in the active-duty population than in the US general population (IRR = 0.62, 95% CI, 0.56-0.68). The reduced incidence rate in the active-duty population was observed in men, all races, individuals 20-44 of age, and for all histological subtypes and time periods assessed. There were no significant differences in rates between the military service branches. CONCLUSION The incidence rates of neuroepithelial brain cancer were lower in the active-duty military population than the US general population. This study highlights the need for more research to enhance our understanding of variations in brain cancer incidence between these two populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Bytnar
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockledge Drive
| | - Jie Lin
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockledge Drive
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Yvonne L Eaglehouse
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockledge Drive
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Lindsey Enewold
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Medical Center Drive
| | - Craig D Shriver
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Kangmin Zhu
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockledge Drive
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhu B, Mao X, Man Y. Potential Drug Prediction of Glioblastoma Based on Drug Perturbation-Induced Gene Expression Signatures. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6659701. [PMID: 33575336 PMCID: PMC7857867 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6659701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant brain tumor which is the most common and aggressive type of central nervous system cancer, with high morbidity and mortality. Despite lots of systematic studies on the molecular mechanism of glioblastoma, the pathogenesis is still unclear, and effective therapies are relatively rare with surgical resection as the frequently therapeutic intervention. Identification of fundamental molecules and gene networks associated with initiation is critical in glioblastoma drug discovery. In this study, an approach for the prediction of potential drug was developed based on perturbation-induced gene expression signatures. METHODS We first collected RNA-seq data of 12 pairs of glioblastoma samples and adjacent normal samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by DESeq2, and coexpression networks were analyzed with weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Furthermore, key driver genes were detected based on the differentially expressed genes and potential chemotherapeutic drugs and targeted drugs were found by correlating the gene expression profiles with drug perturbation database. Finally, RNA-seq data of glioblastoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset was collected as an independent validation dataset to verify our findings. RESULTS We identified 1771 significantly DEGs with 446 upregulated genes and 1325 downregulated genes. A total of 24 key drivers were found in the upregulated gene set, and 81 key drivers were found in the downregulated gene set. We screened the Crowd Extracted Expression of Differential Signatures (CREEDS) database to identify drug perturbations that could reverse the key factors of glioblastoma, and a total of 354 drugs were obtained with p value < 10-10. Finally, 7 drugs that could turn down the expression of upregulated factors and 3 drugs that could reverse the expression of downregulated key factors were selected as potential glioblastoma drugs. In addition, similar results were obtained through the analysis of TCGA as independent dataset. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we provided a framework of workflow for potential therapeutic drug discovery and predicted 10 potential drugs for glioblastoma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bochi Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130041, China
| | - Xijing Mao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130041, China
| | - Yuhong Man
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130041, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Khazaei Z, Goodarzi E, Borhaninejad V, Iranmanesh F, Mirshekarpour H, Mirzaei B, Naemi H, Bechashk SM, Darvishi I, Ershad Sarabi R, Naghibzadeh-Tahami A. The association between incidence and mortality of brain cancer and human development index (HDI): an ecological study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1696. [PMID: 33183267 PMCID: PMC7664078 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain cancer is a rare and deadly malignancy with a low survival rate. The present study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of brain cancer and its relationship with the human development index (HDI) worldwide. Methods This is an ecological study. The data on cancer incidence and cancer mortality was extracted from the World Bank for Cancer in 2018 (GLOBOCAN 2018). The incidence, mortality rate, and brain cancer distribution maps were drawn for different countries. We used correlation and regression tests to examine the association of incidence and mortality rates of brain cancer with HDI. The statistical analysis was carried out by Stata-14 and a significance level of 0.05 was considered. Results According to the results of Global Cancer Registry in 2018, there were 18,078,957 registered cases of cancer in both sexes, of which 29,681 were related to brain cancer. The highest incidence (102,260 cases, 34.4%) and mortality (77,815 cases, 32.3%) belonged to very high HDI regions. Results showed that incidence (r = 0.690, P < 0.0001) and mortality rates (r = 0.629, P < 0.001) of brain cancer are significantly correlated with HDI. We also observed a positive correlation between brain cancer incidence and Gross National Income (GNI) (r = 0.346, P < 0.001), Mean Years of Schooling (MYS) (r = 0.64, P < 0.001), TABLE (LEB) (r = 0.66, P < 0.001) and Expected Years of Schooling (EYS) (r = 0.667, P < 0.001). Results also revealed that mortality rate was significantly correlated with GNI (r = 0.28, P < 0.01), MYS (r = 0.591, P < 0.01), LEB (r = 0.624, P < 0.01), and EYS (r = 0.605, P < 0.01). Conclusion The results of the study showed that the incidence and mortality of brain cancer in countries with higher HDI levels is higher than countries with lower HDI levels, so attention to risk factors and action to reduce it in countries with higher HDI levels in controlling this cancer in this Countries are effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaher Khazaei
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Elham Goodarzi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Vahidreza Borhaninejad
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farhad Iranmanesh
- Professor of Neurology, Stroke Fellowship, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hosein Mirshekarpour
- Clinical Research Unit, Shafa Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Batool Mirzaei
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hasan Naemi
- Iranian Research Center on Healthy Aging, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Sayeed Maryam Bechashk
- Epidemiology, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research institute for Health Development, Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Isan Darvishi
- Department Of Operating Room, Instructor Of Operating Room ,Shahrekord University Of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Ershad Sarabi
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
McCrorie P, Mistry J, Taresco V, Lovato T, Fay M, Ward I, Ritchie AA, Clarke PA, Smith SJ, Marlow M, Rahman R. Etoposide and olaparib polymer-coated nanoparticles within a bioadhesive sprayable hydrogel for post-surgical localised delivery to brain tumours. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 157:108-120. [PMID: 33068736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a malignant brain tumour with a median survival of 14.6 months from diagnosis. Despite maximal surgical resection and concurrent chemoradiotherapy, reoccurrence is inevitable. To try combating the disease at a stage of low residual tumour burden immediately post-surgery, we propose a localised drug delivery system comprising of a spray device, bioadhesive hydrogel (pectin) and drug nanocrystals coated with polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol (NCPPs), to be administered directly into brain parenchyma adjacent to the surgical cavity. We have repurposed pectin for use within the brain, showing in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility, bio-adhesion to mammalian brain and gelling at physiological brain calcium concentrations. Etoposide and olaparib NCPPs with high drug loading have shown in vitro stability and drug release over 120 h. Pluronic F127 stabilised NCPPs to ensure successful spraying, as determined by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Successful delivery of Cy5-labelled NCPPs was demonstrated in a large ex vivo mammalian brain, with NCPP present in the tissue surrounding the resection cavity. Our data collectively demonstrates the pre-clinical development of a novel localised delivery device based on a sprayable hydrogel containing therapeutic NCPPs, amenable for translation to intracranial surgical resection models for the treatment of malignant brain tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe McCrorie
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jatin Mistry
- Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Tatiana Lovato
- Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael Fay
- Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ian Ward
- School of Life Sciences Imaging, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alison A Ritchie
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Philip A Clarke
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stuart J Smith
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Maria Marlow
- Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Ruman Rahman
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Palpan Flores A, Vivancos Sanchez C, Roda JM, Cerdán S, Barrios AJ, Utrilla C, Royo A, Gandía González ML. Assessment of Pre-operative Measurements of Tumor Size by MRI Methods as Survival Predictors in Wild Type IDH Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1662. [PMID: 32984040 PMCID: PMC7492614 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We evaluate the performance of three MRI methods to determine non-invasively tumor size, as overall survival (OS) and Progression Free Survival (PFS) predictors, in a cohort of wild type, IDH negative, glioblastoma patients. Investigated protocols included bidimensional (2D) diameter measurements, and three-dimensional (3D) estimations by the ellipsoid or semi-automatic segmentation methods. Methods: We investigated OS in a cohort of 44 patients diagnosed with wild type IDH glioblastoma (58.2 ± 11.4 years, 1.9/1 male/female) treated with neurosurgical resection followed by adjuvant chemo and radiotherapy. Pre-operative MRI images were evaluated to determine tumor mass area and volume, gadolinium enhancement volume, necrosis volume, and FLAIR-T2 hyper-intensity area and volume. We implemented then multivariate Cox statistical analysis to select optimal predictors for OS and PFS. Results: Median OS was 16 months (1–42 months), ranging from 9 ± 2.4 months in patients over 65 years, to 18 ± 1.6 months in younger ones. Patients with tumors carrying O6-methylguanin-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation survived 30 ± 5.2 vs. 13 ± 2.5 months in non-methylated. Our study evidenced high and positive correlations among the results of the three methods to determine tumor size. FLAIR-T2 hyper-intensity areas (2D) and volumes (3D) were also similar as determined by the three methods. Cox proportional hazards analysis with the 2D and 3D methods indicated that OS was associated to age ≥ 65 years (HR 2.70, 2.94, and 3.16), MGMT methylation (HR 2.98, 3.07, and 2.90), and FLAIR-T2 ≥ 2,000 mm2 or ≥60 cm3 (HR 4.16, 3.93, and 3.72), respectively. Other variables including necrosis, tumor mass, necrosis/tumor ratio, and FLAIR/tumor ratio were not significantly correlated with OS. Conclusion: Our results reveal a high correlation among measurements of tumor size performed with the three methods. Pre-operative FLAIR-T2 hyperintensity area and volumes provided, independently of the measurement method, the optimal neuroimaging features predicting OS in primary glioblastoma patients, followed by age ≥ 65 years and MGMT methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José M Roda
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian Cerdán
- Institute of Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Utrilla
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Royo
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Racial and socioeconomic disparities differentially affect overall and cause-specific survival in glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2020; 149:55-64. [PMID: 32617722 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prognostic role of racial and socioeconomic factors in patients with glioblastoma is controversially debated. We aimed to evaluate how these factors may affect survival outcomes in an overall and cause-specific manner using large, national cancer registry cohort data in the temozolomide chemoradiation era. METHODS The National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried for patients diagnosed with glioblastoma between 2005 and 2016. Overall survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models using disease intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Cause-specific mortality was assessed using cumulative incidence curves and modeled using multivariate cumulative risk regression. RESULTS A total of 28,952 patients met the prespecified inclusion criteria and were included in this analysis. The following factors were associated with all-cause mortality: age, calendar year of diagnosis, sex, treatment receipt, tumor size, tumor location, extent of resection, median household income, and race. Asian/Pacific Islanders and Hispanic Whites had lower mortality compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. Cause-specific mortality was associated with both racial and socioeconomic groups. After adjusting for treatment and tumor-related factors, Asian/Pacific and black patients had lower glioblastoma-specific mortality. However, lower median household income and black race were associated with significantly higher non-glioblastoma mortality. CONCLUSIONS Despite the aggressive nature of glioblastoma, racial and socioeconomic factors influence glioblastoma-specific and non-glioblastoma associated mortality. Our study shows that patient race has an impact on glioblastoma-associated mortality independently of tumor and treatment related factors. Importantly, socioeconomic and racial differences largely contribute to non-glioblastoma mortality, including death from other cancers, cardio- and cerebrovascular events.
Collapse
|
36
|
Olasupo SB, Uzairu A, Shallangwa G, Uba S. QSAR modeling, molecular docking and ADMET/pharmacokinetic studies: a chemometrics approach to search for novel inhibitors of norepinephrine transporter as potent antipsychotic drugs. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-01902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AbstractChemometrics study that relates biological activity to physicochemical descriptors of a molecule and the prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) properties in advance are important steps in drugs discovery. In this study, a chemometrics approach was employed on some molecules (inhibitors) of norepinephrine transporter to assess their inhibitory potencies, interactions with the receptor and predict their ADMET/pharmacokinetic properties for identification of novel antipsychotic drugs. The molecules were optimized by using density functional theory at the basis set of B3LYP/6-31G*. The genetic function algorithm technique was used to generate a statistically significant model with a good correlation coefficient R2Train = 0.952 Cross-validated coefficient Q2cv = 0.870, and adjusted squared correlation coefficient R2adj = 0.898. The molecular docking simulation using a neurotransmitter transporter receptor (PDB Code 2A65) revealed that three inhibitors (molecule No 38, 44 and 12) exhibited the highest binding affinity of − 10.3, − 9.9 and − 9.3 kcal/mol, respectively, were observed to inhibit the target by forming strong hydrogen bonds with hydrophobic interactions. The physicochemical and ADMET/pharmacokinetic properties result showed that these three molecules are orally bioavailable, high gastrointestinal absorption, good permeability and non-inhibitors of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 except for molecule No 38. Also, Molecules No 38 and 44 proved to be non-substrate of P-glycoprotein and nontoxicity to a human ether-a-go-go-related gene with predicted hERG toxicity endpoints (pIC50 < 6) and low ADMET_Risk (< 7.0). The results of this study would provide physicochemical and pharmacokinetics properties needed to identify potent antipsychotic drugs and other relevant information in drug discovery.
Collapse
|
37
|
All-cause and tumor-specific mortality trends in geriatric oligodendroglioma (OG) patients: A surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) analysis. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 73:94-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
38
|
de Montigny J, Iosif A, Breitwieser L, Manca M, Bauer R, Vavourakis V. An in silico hybrid continuum-/agent-based procedure to modelling cancer development: Interrogating the interplay amongst glioma invasion, vascularity and necrosis. Methods 2020; 185:94-104. [PMID: 31981608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper develops a three-dimensional in silico hybrid model of cancer, which describes the multi-variate phenotypic behaviour of tumour and host cells. The model encompasses the role of cell migration and adhesion, the influence of the extracellular matrix, the effects of oxygen and nutrient availability, and the signalling triggered by chemical cues and growth factors. The proposed in silico hybrid modelling framework combines successfully the advantages of continuum-based and discrete methods, namely the finite element and agent-based method respectively. The framework is thus used to realistically model cancer mechano-biology in a multiscale fashion while maintaining the resolution power of each method in a computationally cost-effective manner. The model is tailored to simulate glioma progression, and is subsequently used to interrogate the balance between the host cells and small sized gliomas, while the go-or-grow phenotype characteristic in glioblastomas is also investigated. Also, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions are examined with respect to their effect in (macroscopic) tumour growth, brain tissue perfusion and tumour necrosis. Finally, we use the in silico framework to assess differences between low-grade and high-grade glioma growth, demonstrating significant differences in the distribution of cancer as well as host cells, in accordance with reported experimental findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean de Montigny
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Alexandros Iosif
- Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Lukas Breitwieser
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Roman Bauer
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Vasileios Vavourakis
- Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pan Y, Zhang JH, Zhao L, Guo JC, Wang S, Zhao Y, Tao S, Wang H, Zhu YB. A robust two-gene signature for glioblastoma survival prediction. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3593-3605. [PMID: 31960992 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor. We explored the prognostic gene signature in 443 GBM samples by systematic bioinformatics analysis, using GSE16011 with microarray expression and corresponding clinical data from Gene Expression Omnibus as the training set. Meanwhile, patients from The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas database (CGGA) were used as the test set and The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) as the validation set. Through Cox regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis, t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding algorithm, clustering, and receiver operating characteristic analysis, a two-gene signature (GRIA2 and RYR3) associated with survival was selected in the GSE16011 dataset. The GRIA2-RYR3 signature divided patients into two risk groups with significantly different survival in the GSE16011 dataset (median: 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64-0.98, vs median: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.65-1.61 years, logrank test P < .001), the CGGA dataset (median: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.70-1.18, vs median: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.95-2.94 years, logrank test P = .0017), and the TCGA dataset (median: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.86-1.24, vs median: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.04-1.85 years, logrank test P = .0064), validating the predictive value of the signature. And the survival predictive potency of the signature was independent from clinicopathological prognostic features in multivariable Cox analysis. We found that after transfection of U87 cells with small interfering RNA, GRIA2 and RYR3 influenced the biological behaviors of proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma cells. In conclusion, the two-gene signature was a robust prognostic model to predict GBM survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhualei Pan
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliated to the Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking university, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computer Research Center, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Song Wang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliated to the Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yushang Zhao
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliated to the Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoxin Tao
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliated to the Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliated to the Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Bing Zhu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliated to the Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Clinical characteristics and risk factors of perioperative outcomes in elderly patients with intracranial tumors. Neurosurg Rev 2019; 44:389-400. [PMID: 31848767 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-019-01217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to study the clinical and radiological characteristics of intracranial tumors and explore the possible predictive value of these characteristics in relation to perioperative outcomes in elderly patients. We retrospectively identified 1535 elderly patients (aged 65 years and older) with intracranial tumors who underwent surgical resection between 2014 and 2018 in Beijing Tiantan Hospital. Factors associated with an increased risk of unfavorable perioperative performance and complications were investigated. Meningiomas were the most common tumors in the cohort (43.26%). The overall risk of perioperative death was 0.59%, and 42.80% of patients were discharged with unfavorable performance (Karnofsky Performance Scale [KPS] score ≤ 70). Of all patients, 39.22% had one or more complications after surgical resection. Aggressive surgery significantly lowered the rate of unfavorable perioperative outcomes (P = 0.000) with no increase in postoperative complications (P = 0.153), but it failed to be an independent predictor for perioperative outcomes in the multivariate analysis. Low performance status at admission (KPS ≤ 70) was independently associated with both unfavorable perioperative performance (P = 0.000) and complications (P = 0.000). In addition to the histopathological patterns of tumors, low performance status at admission is an independent predictor for both unfavorable perioperative performance and the occurrence of complications in elderly patients with intracranial tumors who have undergone surgical resections. However, age is not associated with perioperative outcomes in elderly patients.
Collapse
|
41
|
OLASUPO SABITUBABATUNDE, UZAIRU ADAMU, Shallangwa G, UBA SANI. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) Studies and Molecular docking Simulation of Norepinephrine Transporter (NET) Inhibitors as Anti-psychotic Therapeutic Agents. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.577259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
42
|
Racial differences in brain cancer characteristics and survival: an analysis of SEER data. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:1283-1291. [PMID: 31641915 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01239-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Racial disparity with shorter survival for Blacks than Whites is well known for many cancers. However, for brain cancer, some national cancer registry studies have shown better survival among Blacks compared to Whites. This study aimed to systematically investigate whether Blacks and Whites differ in survival and also in tumor characteristics and treatment for neuroepithelial brain tumors. METHODS The National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify non-Hispanic White and Black patients diagnosed with malignant, histologically confirmed neuroepithelial brain cancer from 2004 through 2015. Racial differences in brain cancer survival were compared using Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox proportional hazard models. The associations of race with tumor and treatment characteristics (location, size, grade, surgical type) were examined using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS After adjusting for demographic, tumor, and treatment factors, there were no significant differences in survival for non-Hispanic Blacks compared to non-Hispanic Whites [hazard ratio (HR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99-1.10]. Non-Hispanic Blacks had higher odds of being diagnosed with tumors of unknown grade [odds ratio (OR) 1.16, 95% CI 1.05-1.29], unknown size (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.29), infratentorial (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.24) or overlapping area (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.14-1.70), and lower odds of having a total surgical resection (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74-0.93). CONCLUSION Non-Hispanic Blacks do not exhibit longer brain cancer-specific survival than non-Hispanic Whites. They were more likely to have tumors of unknown size or grade and less likely to receive total surgical resection, which may result from racial differences in access to and use of healthcare.
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the long-term safety and efficacy outcomes of patients with breast implants. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Research is ongoing regarding the safety of silicone breast implants. Despite the number of patients with breast implants followed by United States Food and Drug Administration large postapproval studies (LPAS), this database has not been thoroughly analyzed or reported. METHODS This is a multicentered, cohort study. LPAS prospectively monitor long-term implant-related outcomes and systemic harms for silicone/saline implants from 2 manufacturers (Allergan and Mentor) placed for primary/revision augmentation/reconstruction. Systemic harms, self-harm, and reproductive outcomes are compared with normative data. Implant-related complications are analyzed by implant composition and operative indication in the short and long terms. RESULTS LPAS data includes 99,993 patients, 56% of implants were silicone for primary augmentation. Long-term magnetic resonance imaging surveillance is under 5%. Compared with normative data, silicone implants are associated with higher rates of Sjogren syndrome (Standardized incidence ratio [SIR]8.14), scleroderma (SIR 7.00), rheumatoid arthritis (SIR5.96), stillbirth (SIR4.50), and melanoma (SIR3.71). One case of BI-ALCL is reported. There is no association with suicide. In the short term, rupture is higher for saline (2.5% vs. 0.5%, P < 0.001), and capsular contracture higher for silicone (5.0% vs. 2.8%, P < 0.001). At 7 years, reoperation rate is 11.7% for primary augmentation, and 25% for primary/revision reconstruction. Capsular contracture (III/IV) occurs in 7.2% of primary augmentations, 12.7% primary reconstructions, and is the most common reason for reoperation among augmentations. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest study of breast implant outcomes. Silicone implants are associated with an increased risk of certain rare harms; associations need to be further analyzed with patient-level data to provide conclusive evidence. Long-term safety and implant-related outcomes should inform patient and surgeon decision-making when selecting implants.
Collapse
|
44
|
Li JQ, Wang QT, Nie Y, Xiao YP, Lin T, Han RJ, Li Z, Fan YY, Yuan XH, Wang YM, Zhang J, He YW, Liao HX. A Multi-Element Expression Score Is A Prognostic Factor In Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8977-8989. [PMID: 31695490 PMCID: PMC6805247 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s228174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Although primary GBM patients receive extensive therapies, tumors may recur within months, and there is no objective and scientific method to predict prognosis. Adoptive immunotherapy holds great promise for GBM treatment. However, the expression profiles of the tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and tumor immune microenvironment (TME) genes used in immunotherapy of GBM patients have not been fully described. The present study aimed to develop a predictive tool to evaluate patient survival based on full analysis of the expression levels of TAAs and TME genes. Methods Expression profiles of a panel of 87 TAAs and 8 TME genes significantly correlated with poor prognosis were evaluated in 44 GBM patients and 10 normal brain tissues using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A linear formula (the LASSO algorithm based in the R package) weighted by regression coefficients was used to develop a multi-element expression score to predict prognosis; this formula was cross-validated by the leave-one-out method in different GBM cohorts. Results After analysis of gene expression, clinical features, and overall survival (OS), a total of 8 TAAs (CHI3L1, EZH2, TRIOBP, PCNA, PIK3R1, PRKDC, SART3 and EPCAM), 1 TME gene (FOXP3) and 4 clinical features (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), number of basophils (BAS), age and treatment with standard radiotherapy and chemotherapy) were included in the formula. There were significant differences between high and low scoring groups identified using the formula in different GBM cohorts (TCGA (n=732) and GEO databases (n=84)), implying poor and good prognosis, respectively. Conclusion The multi-element expression score was significantly associated with OS of GBM patients. The improve understanding of TAAs and TMEs and well-defined formula could be implemented in immunotherapy for GBM to provide better care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qi Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Ting Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Nie
- Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Peng Xiao
- Guangzhou Trinomab Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Lin
- Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Jin Han
- Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Li
- Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ying Fan
- Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Ming Wang
- Zhuhai Trinomab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Wen He
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hua-Xin Liao
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Olasupo SB, Uzairu A, Shallangwa G, Uba S. QSAR analysis and molecular docking simulation of norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibitors as anti-psychotic therapeutic agents. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02640. [PMID: 31692668 PMCID: PMC6806411 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The norepinephrine transporter (NET) is a Na+/Cl- coupled neurotransmitter transporter responsible for reuptake of released norepinephrine (NE) into nerve terminals in the brain, a key therapeutic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. A quantitative structural activity relationship (QSAR) study was performed on 50 compounds of NET inhibitors to investigate their inhibitory potencies against norepinephrine transporter as novel drugs for anti-psychotic disorders. The compounds were optimized by employing Density functional theory (DFT) with basis set of B3LYP/6-31G*. The genetic function Algorithm (GFA) approach was used to generate a highly predictive and statistically significant model with good correlation coefficient R2 Train = 0.952 Cross validated coefficient Q2 cv = 0.870 and adjusted squared correlation coefficient R2 adj = 0.898. The predictability and accuracy of the developed model was evaluated through external validation using test set compound, Y-randomization and applicability domain techniques. The results of Molecular docking analysis by using two neurotransmitter transporters PDB ID 2A65 (resolution = 1.65 Å) and PDB ID 4M48 (resolution = 2.955 Å) showed that two of the ligands (compound 12 and 44) having higher binding affinity were observed to inhibit the targets by forming hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with amino acids of the two receptors respectively. The results of these studies would provide important new insight into the molecular basis and structural requirements to design more potent and more specific therapeutic anti-psychotic drugs/agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adamu Uzairu
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Sani Uba
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
The impact of rural residence on adult brain cancer survival in the United States. J Neurooncol 2019; 144:535-543. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
47
|
Walker EV, Ross J, Yuan Y, Smith TR, Davis FG. Brain cancer survival in Canada 1996-2008: effects of sociodemographic characteristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:e292-e299. [PMID: 31285671 DOI: 10.3747/co.26.4273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Literature suggests that factors such as rural residence and low socioeconomic status (ses) might contribute to disparities in survival for Canadian cancer patients because of inequities in access to care. However, evidence specific to brain cancer is limited. The present research estimates the effects of rural or urban residence and ses on survival for Canadian patients diagnosed with brain cancer. Methods Adults diagnosed with primary malignant brain tumours during 1996-2008 were identified through the Canadian Cancer Registry. Brain tumours were classified using International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (3rd edition) site and histology codes. Hazard ratios (hrs) and 95% confidence intervals (cis) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Events were restricted to individuals whose underlying cause of death was cancer-related. Postal codes were used to match patient records with Statistics Canada data for rural or urban residence and neighbourhood income as a surrogate measure of ses. Results Of 25,700 patients included in the analysis, 78% died during the study period, 21% lived in rural areas, and 19% were in the lowest income group. A modest variation in survival by rural compared with urban residence was observed for patients with glioblastoma (first 5 weeks after diagnosis hr: 0.86; 95% ci: 0.79 to 0.99) and oligoastrocytoma (first 3 years after diagnosis hr: 1.41; 95% ci: 1.03 to 1.93). Small effects of low compared with high income were seen for patients with glioblastoma (first 1.5 years after diagnosis hr: 1.15; 95% ci: 1.08 to 1.22) and diffuse astrocytoma (first 6 months after diagnosis hr: 1.17; 95% ci: 1.00 to 1.36). Conclusions Our analysis did not yield evidence of strong effects of rural compared with urban residence or ses strata on survival in brain cancer. However, some variation in survival for patients with specific histologies warrants further research into the mechanisms by which rural or urban residence and income stratum influences survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E V Walker
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - J Ross
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Y Yuan
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - T R Smith
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - F G Davis
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Natukka T, Raitanen J, Haapasalo H, Auvinen A. Incidence trends of adult malignant brain tumors in Finland, 1990-2016. Acta Oncol 2019; 58:990-996. [PMID: 30985227 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2019.1603396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: Several studies have reported increased incidence trends of malignant gliomas in the late 1900s with a plateau in the 2000s, but also some recent increases have been reported. The purpose of our study was to analyze incidence trends of malignant gliomas in Finland by morphology and tumor location. Material and methods: Data on 4730 malignant glioma patients were obtained from case notifications to the nationwide, population-based Finnish Cancer Registry (FCR), and less detailed data on 3590 patients up to 2016. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) and average annual percent changes (APCs) in the incidence rates were calculated by histological subtype and tumor location. Results: The incidence rate of gliomas was 7.7/100,000 in 1990-2006 and 7.3 in 2007-2016. The incidence of all gliomas combined was stable during both study periods, with no departure from linearity. In an analysis by age group, increasing incidence was found only for ages 80 years and older (1990-2006). During both study periods, incidence rates were increasing in glioblastoma and decreasing in unspecified brain tumors. In 1990-2006, rates were also increasing for anaplastic oligodendroglioma, oligoastrocytoma and unspecified malignant glioma, while decreasing for astrocytoma. As for tumor location, incidence in 1990-2006 was increasing for frontal lobe and brainstem tumors, as well as those with an unspecified location, but decreasing for the parietal lobes, cerebrum and ventricles. Conclusions: No increasing incidence trend was observed for malignant gliomas overall. An increasing incidence trend of malignant gliomas was found in the oldest age group during 1990-2006.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Natukka
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jani Raitanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannu Haapasalo
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pathology, FIMLAB Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cote DJ, Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, Duncan KR, CreveCoeur TS, Kruchko C, Smith TR, Stampfer MJ, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Glioma incidence and survival variations by county-level socioeconomic measures. Cancer 2019; 125:3390-3400. [PMID: 31206646 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have reported higher rates of glioma in areas with higher socioeconomic status (SES) but to the authors' knowledge have not stratified by other factors, including race/ethnicity or urban versus rural location. METHODS The authors identified the average annual age-adjusted incidence rates and calculated hazard ratios for death for gliomas of various subtypes, stratified by a county-level index for SES, race/ethnicity, US region, and rural versus urban status. RESULTS Rates of glioma were highest in counties with higher SES (rate ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.15-1.22 comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles [P < .001]). Stratified by race/ethnicity, higher rates in high SES counties persisted for white non-Hispanic individuals. Stratified by rural versus urban status, differences in incidence by SES were more pronounced among urban counties. Survival was higher for residents of high SES counties after adjustment for age and extent of surgical resection (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76-0.87 comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of SES [P < .001]). Survival was higher among white Hispanic, black, and Asian/Pacific Islander individuals compared with white non-Hispanic individuals, after adjustment for age, SES, and extent of surgical resection, and when restricted to those individuals with glioblastoma who received radiation and chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of glioma was higher in US counties of high compared with low SES. These differences were most pronounced among white non-Hispanic individuals and white Hispanic individuals residing in urban areas. Better survival was observed in high SES counties, even when adjusting for extent of surgical resection, and when restricted to those who received radiation and chemotherapy for glioblastoma. Differences in incidence and survival were associated with SES and race, rather than rural versus urban status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Cote
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Quinn T Ostrom
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois.,Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Haley Gittleman
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois.,Bioinformatics, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kelsey R Duncan
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Travis S CreveCoeur
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Carol Kruchko
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois
| | - Timothy R Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, Hinsdale, Illinois.,Bioinformatics, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pineda B, Sánchez García FJ, Olascoaga NK, Pérez de la Cruz V, Salazar A, Moreno-Jiménez S, Hernández Pedro N, Márquez-Navarro A, Ortiz Plata A, Sotelo J. Malignant Glioma Therapy by Vaccination with Irradiated C6 Cell-Derived Microvesicles Promotes an Antitumoral Immune Response. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1612-1620. [PMID: 31204210 PMCID: PMC6731467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant tumor of the CNS, with a mean survival of 14 months after diagnosis. Its unfavorable prognosis reveals the need for novel therapies. It is known that radiation can induce a systemic antitumor effect. Tumor cells produce and release microvesicles in response to cell damage such as radiation. Microvesicles contain a plethora of bioactive molecules, including antigens involved in modulation of the immune response. In this study, we characterized and evaluated irradiated C6 cell-derived microvesicles as a therapeutic vaccination in C6 malignant glioma. Cultured C6 glioma cells were irradiated with a single dose of 50 Gy to obtain the microvesicles. Subcutaneous implantation of C6 cells was performed when the tumor reached 2 cm in diameter, and non-irradiated and irradiated C6 cell-derived microvesicles were administered subcutaneously. Tumor growth, apoptosis, and immunophenotypes were determined. Reduction of tumor volume (more than 50%) was observed in the group treated with irradiated C6 cell-derived microvesicles compared with the control (p = 0.03). The percentages of infiltrative helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T lymphocytes as well as apoptotic cells were increased in tumors from immunized rats compared with controls. These findings make microvesicle-based vaccination a promising immunotherapeutic approach against glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Pineda
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City 14269, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez García
- Inmunorregulation Laboratory, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Nora Karen Olascoaga
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Alelí Salazar
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Sergio Moreno-Jiménez
- Radioneurosurgery Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Norma Hernández Pedro
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Adrián Márquez-Navarro
- Federal Commission for the Protection against Sanitary Risks, Commission of Sanitary Authorization, Oklahoma, Benito Juárez, Mexico City 03810, Mexico
| | - Alma Ortiz Plata
- Experimental Neuropathology Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Julio Sotelo
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|