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Oliveira JDS, Vasconcelos JDMB, Veras RFS, Silva VA, França LMB, Leite DHB. Nursing terminology for the care of people with respiratory diseases and Covid-19. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2024; 58:e20230124. [PMID: 38743954 PMCID: PMC11126235 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2023-0124en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To build a specialized nursing terminology for the care of people with respiratory diseases and Covid-19 or who have respiratory diseases after Covid-19, based on ICNP®. METHOD Methodological study developed in two stages: (1) identification of the relevant concepts for the health priority chosen from the literature; (2) cross-mapping of the identified concepts with the concepts contained in ICNP® version 2019/2020. RESULTS 9460 terms were extracted from the literature, of which 4065 terms were excluded because they were not related to the object of study and 5395 were submitted to the mapping technique, resulting in 290 constant terms in the ICNP® and 5134 non-constant terms. The constant terms were classified into the following axes: 120 in the Focus axis, 13 in Judgment, 48 in Action, 23 in Location, 38 in Means, eight in Time and one in Client. In addition, 36 nursing diagnoses/outcomes and three nursing interventions were mapped. CONCLUSION The terminology will support the quality of care provided by the nursing team and the manual and electronic recording of patient data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacira dos Santos Oliveira
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde,
Departamento de Enfermagem Clínica, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaella Felix Serafim Veras
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde,
Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Valkênia Alves Silva
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde,
Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Larrissa Mariana Bezerra França
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde,
Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Deborah Helena Batista Leite
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde,
Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Hao L, Yang X, Chen H, Wei S, Xu B, Zhao Z. Distribution and Drug Resistance of Bacterial Infection in Hospitalized Patients at the Respiratory Department before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic in Guangzhou, China. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2542. [PMID: 37894200 PMCID: PMC10609418 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since COVID-19 might have a lasting impact on global public health, it is crucial to analyze its effect on drug-resistant bacterial infections in the respiratory system for the prevention and control of hospital infections. This work aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the clinical distribution and antibiotic resistance of bacterial infection among hospitalized patients in the respiratory unit in order to establish strategies to control antibiotic-resistant infections. Electronic clinical data registry records from 2018 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 36,829 clinical specimens, including sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, blood, and urine, were collected from 16,073 patients admitted to the Guangzhou First People's Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022. Among them, 2209 samples were culture-positive. The bacterial isolation rates of different types of samples showed a similar trend from 2019 to 2022, with an increase in 2020 and 2022 and a decrease in 2021. Different bacterial species were separated from different types of samples. The most reported pathogens were identified in sputum samples. Gram-positive isolates were prevalent in urine samples, while Gram-negative bacilli were the predominant pathogenic bacteria isolated from respiratory tract and blood samples. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) complex, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) were the most abundant Gram-negative bacteria in sputum samples, of which A. baumannii complex had the highest resistance to all tested antibiotics except colistin. Notably, there has been a substantial prevalence of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and K. pneumoniae in the past five years. This alarming situation calls for greater attention and precaution with prescribed antibiotics to limit the generation and spread of new multidrug-resistant bacteria and improve therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; (L.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; (X.Y.); (H.C.)
| | - Huiling Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; (X.Y.); (H.C.)
| | - Shuquan Wei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; (L.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Banglao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; (X.Y.); (H.C.)
| | - Ziwen Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; (L.H.); (S.W.)
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Marano D, Amaral Y, Rebelo F, Abranches A, Vilarim M, Moreira MEL. The effect of obesity on the mortality of hospitalized adults with COVID-19 considering the human development index: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13591. [PMID: 37341377 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to verify the association between obesity and mortality in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 taking into account the Human Development Index (HDI). A search was performed in the PubMed, Virtual Health Library (Lilacs/Bireme/VHL Brazil), Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception to May 2022. To be eligible, studies had to have cohort or case-control designs, be conducted with hospitalized adults (≥18 years old), and evaluate mortality rates between with obesity and without obesity individuals with SARS-CoV-2 confirmed by laboratory tests. The analyses were performed in Stata 12.0 using relative risk (RR) as a summary measure. Heterogeneity was explored by meta-regression and subgroup analyses considering the HDI, age, sex, and follow-up period. Out of 912 studies screened, 49 studies were eligible for qualitative synthesis, and 33 studies were eligible for quantitative analysis, representing 42,905 patients. The mortality risk from SARS-CoV-2 was higher in individuals with obesity compared with without obesity individuals only in the subgroups of patients <60 years old (RR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.18-1.45, I2 = 0.0%) and living in countries with a low HDI (RR = 1.28; 95% CI 1.10-1.48, I2 = 45.4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Marano
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents Health Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Amaral
- Graduate Program in Applied Research on Children and Women's Health, National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents Health Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rebelo
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents Health Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Abranches
- Graduate Program in Applied Research on Children and Women's Health, National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents Health Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marina Vilarim
- Graduate Program on Child and Woman Health, National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents Health Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Elizabeth Lopes Moreira
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents Health Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Corrêa TD, Midega TD, Cordioli RL, Barbas CSV, Rabello Filho R, Silva BCD, Silva Júnior M, Nawa RK, Carvalho FRTD, Matos GFJD, Lucinio NM, Rodrigues RD, Eid RAC, Bravim BDA, Pereira AJ, Santos BFCD, Pinho JRR, Pardini A, Teich VD, Laselva CR, Cendoroglo Neto M, Klajner S, Ferraz LJR. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit during the first and second waves of the pandemic in Brazil: a single-center retrospective cohort study. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2023; 21:eAO0233. [PMID: 37493832 PMCID: PMC10356126 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2023ao0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to intensive care units during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS In this retrospective single-center cohort study, data were retrieved from the Epimed Monitor System; all adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit between March 4, 2020, and October 1, 2021, were included in the study. We compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to the intensive care unit of a quaternary private hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, during the first (May 1, 2020, to August 31, 2020) and second (March 1, 2021, to June 30, 2021) waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS In total, 1,427 patients with COVID-19 were admitted to the intensive care unit during the first (421 patients) and second (1,006 patients) waves. Compared with the first wave group [median (IQR)], the second wave group was younger [57 (46-70) versus 67 (52-80) years; p<0.001], had a lower SAPS 3 Score [45 (42-52) versus 49 (43-57); p<0.001], lower SOFA Score on intensive care unit admission [3 (1-6) versus 4 (2-6); p=0.018], lower Charlson Comorbidity Index [0 (0-1) versus 1 (0-2); p<0.001], and were less frequently frail (10.4% versus 18.1%; p<0.001). The second wave group used more noninvasive ventilation (81.3% versus 53.4%; p<0.001) and high-flow nasal cannula (63.2% versus 23.0%; p<0.001) during their intensive care unit stay. The intensive care unit (11.3% versus 10.5%; p=0.696) and in-hospital mortality (12.3% versus 12.1%; p=0.998) rates did not differ between both waves. CONCLUSION In the first and second waves, patients with severe COVID-19 exhibited similar mortality rates and need for invasive organ support, despite the second wave group being younger and less severely ill at the time of intensive care unit admission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sidney Klajner
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Petrakis V, Panopoulou M, Rafailidis P, Lemonakis N, Lazaridis G, Terzi I, Papazoglou D, Panagopoulos P. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Antimicrobial Resistance and Management of Bloodstream Infections. Pathogens 2023; 12:780. [PMID: 37375470 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pressure of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare systems led to limited roles of infectious diseases services, increased rates of irrational use of antimicrobials, and incidence of infections by multidrug-resistant microorganisms. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the incidence of antimicrobial resistance and the management of bloodstream infections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic at the University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis (Greece). MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study conducted from January 2018 to December 2022. Data were collected from the University Microbiology Laboratory per semester regarding the isolated strains of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria in blood cultures and respiratory samples in hospitalized patients in medical and surgical wards and in the intensive care unit (ICU). Additionally, bloodstream infections with requested infectious disease consultations were reported (n = 400), determining whether these were carried out via telephone contact or at the patient's bedside. Demographic data, comorbidities, focus of infection, antimicrobial regimen, duration of treatment, length of hospitalization, and clinical outcome were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 4569 strains of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria were isolated. An increasing trend was reported compared to the pre-pandemic period in the incidence of resistant Gram-negative bacteria, particularly in ICUs. Prior antimicrobial use and the rate of hospital-acquired infections were increased significantly during the pandemic. In the pre-pandemic period 2018-2019, a total of 246 infectious disease consultations were carried out, while during the period 2020-2022, the number was 154, with the percentage of telephone consultations 15% and 76%, respectively. Detection of the source of infection and timely administration of appropriate antimicrobial agents were more frequently recorded before the pandemic, and 28-day mortality was significantly reduced in cases with bedside consultations. CONCLUSION The empowering of infectious disease surveillance programs and committees, rational use of antimicrobials agents, and bedside infectious disease consultations are vital in order to reduce the impact of infections caused by multidrug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Petrakis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 2nd University Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital Alexandroupolis, Democritus University Thrace, 68132 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Panopoulou
- University Lab of Microbiology, University General Hospital Alexandroupolis, Democritus University Thrace, 68132 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Petros Rafailidis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 2nd University Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital Alexandroupolis, Democritus University Thrace, 68132 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Lemonakis
- University Lab of Microbiology, University General Hospital Alexandroupolis, Democritus University Thrace, 68132 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgios Lazaridis
- University Lab of Microbiology, University General Hospital Alexandroupolis, Democritus University Thrace, 68132 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Irene Terzi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 2nd University Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital Alexandroupolis, Democritus University Thrace, 68132 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papazoglou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 2nd University Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital Alexandroupolis, Democritus University Thrace, 68132 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Periklis Panagopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 2nd University Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital Alexandroupolis, Democritus University Thrace, 68132 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Maraia Z, Mazzoni T, Turtora MP, Tempera A, Spinosi M, Vagnoni A, Mazzoni I. Epidemiological Impact on Use of Antibiotics in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Italy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050912. [PMID: 37237815 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased incidence of antimicrobial resistance during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a very important collateral damage of global concern. The cause is multifactorial and is particularly related to the high rates of antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients with a relatively low rate of secondary co-infection. To this end, we conducted a retrospective observational study of 1269 COVID-19 patients admitted during the years 2020, 2021 and 2022 in two Italian hospitals, with a focus on bacterial co-infections and antimicrobial therapy. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between bacterial co-infection, antibiotic use and hospital death after adjustment for age and comorbidity. Bacterial co-infection was detected in 185 patients. The overall mortality rate was 25% (n = 317). Concomitant bacterial infections were associated with increased hospital mortality (β = 1.002, p < 0.001). A total of 83.7% (n = 1062) of patients received antibiotic therapy, but only 14.6% of these patients had an obvious source of bacterial infection. There was a significantly higher rate of hospital mortality in patients who received antibiotics than in those who did not (χ2 = 6.22, p = 0.012). Appropriate prescribing and the rational use of antimicrobials according to the principles of antimicrobial stewardship can help prevent the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Maraia
- School of Specialization in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Tony Mazzoni
- School of Specialization in Hospital Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Miriana Pia Turtora
- School of Specialization in Hospital Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tempera
- School of Specialization in Hospital Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Marco Spinosi
- Ascoli Piceno Hospital Pharmacy, 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Anita Vagnoni
- Ascoli Piceno Hospital Pharmacy, 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy
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e Silva Malzone JR, Ribeiro AP, de Souza TS, Wilbert DD, Novo NF, Juliano Y. Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: A Two-Year Retrospective Analysis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030741. [PMID: 36983896 PMCID: PMC10059043 DOI: 10.3390/life13030741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In March 2020, COVID-19 was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Hospitalized patients affected by COVID-19 presented with severe respiratory and motor impairment, especially those who required intensive treatment and invasive mechanical ventilation, with sequelae that extended after the period of hospitalization. Thus, the aim of the current study was to verify the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Intensive Care Unit in 2020 and 2021, according to age group. Methods: A retrospective cohort study. Data were collected through the “ICUs Brasileiras” between March 2020 and November 2021 for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to COVID-19. The following were analyzed: the number of hospital admissions, days in the ICU and hospital, clinical aspects (non-invasive or invasive ventilatory support, comorbidities, frailty, SAPS 3 and SOFA severity scales, use of amines and renal support), and ICU and hospital mortality rate. Results: A total of 166,966 ICU hospital admissions were evaluated over the evaluated quarters. The main results showed a peak in the number of hospitalizations between March and May 2021, with a higher percentage of males. The peak of ICU admissions for 7 days was between March and May 2021 and 21 days between March and May 2020. In addition, higher deaths were observed in the age groups between 40 and 80 years between 2020 and 2021, with the group above 81 being the age group with the highest mortality. Mortality in the ICU of ventilated patients was higher in the age group above 70 years. Another observation was the predominance of SAPS 3 and the peak of mechanical ventilation for more than 7 days between June and August 2021. Conclusion: The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 were influenced by age group, showing higher mortality over 81 years and over 70 years in the ICU supported by mechanical ventilation, maintained for 7 days from June to August 2021. The years 2020 and 2021 also showed differences for patients with COVID-19, with greater hospitalization between March and May 2021, especially in the ICU for 7 days, and between March and May 2020 for the 21-day period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Paula Ribeiro
- Health Science Post-Graduate Department, School of Medicine, University Santo Amaro, São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
- Physical Therapy Department, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05360-160, Brazil
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-11-99139-2168
| | - Tatiane Silva de Souza
- Health Science Post-Graduate Department, School of Medicine, University Santo Amaro, São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
| | - Debora Driemeyer Wilbert
- Health Science Post-Graduate Department, School of Medicine, University Santo Amaro, São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
| | - Neil Ferreira Novo
- Health Science Post-Graduate Department, School of Medicine, University Santo Amaro, São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
| | - Yara Juliano
- Health Science Post-Graduate Department, School of Medicine, University Santo Amaro, São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
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Point Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Different Hospitals in Pakistan: Findings and Implications. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010070. [PMID: 36671271 PMCID: PMC9854885 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced antimicrobial use in hospitals, raising concerns regarding increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through their overuse. The objective of this study was to assess patterns of antimicrobial prescribing during the current COVID-19 pandemic among hospitals in Pakistan, including the prevalence of COVID-19. A point prevalence survey (PPS) was performed among 11 different hospitals from November 2020 to January 2021. The study included all hospitalized patients receiving an antibiotic on the day of the PPS. The Global-PPS web-based application was used for data entry and analysis. Out of 1024 hospitalized patients, 662 (64.64%) received antimicrobials. The top three most common indications for antimicrobial use were pneumonia (13.3%), central nervous system infections (10.4%) and gastrointestinal indications (10.4%). Ceftriaxone (26.6%), metronidazole (9.7%) and vancomycin (7.9%) were the top three most commonly prescribed antimicrobials among surveyed patients, with the majority of antibiotics administered empirically (97.9%). Most antimicrobials for surgical prophylaxis were given for more than one day, which is a concern. Overall, a high percentage of antimicrobial use, including broad-spectrums, was seen among the different hospitals in Pakistan during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Multifaceted interventions are needed to enhance rational antimicrobial prescribing including limiting their prescribing post-operatively for surgical prophylaxis.
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Boas ARDSV, Santos DG, Teixeira JRB, Lourenção LG, dos Santos JLG, da Silva RAR, de Carvalho ARB, de Sousa ÁFL, de Sousa AR. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics and individual experiences of illness in men with COVID-19: mixed method study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 140:798-805. [PMID: 36043669 PMCID: PMC9671566 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0747.r1.22022022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, studies have shown that this disease has affected the male population on a significant scale in various parts of the world, making men one of the main risk groups. OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and experiences of illness in men with COVID-19. DESIGN AND SETTING A mixed sequential-explanatory study with cross-sectional and exploratory-descriptive approaches. METHOD Data was collected from a small municipality located in the central-north region of the state of Bahia, Brazil. Primary quantitative data was extracted from compulsory notification forms from 598 men. Qualitative data from individual interviews of 30 men was analyzed by the Discourse of the Collective Subject method. RESULTS The findings identified the characterization of reports of suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 in men, the organization of the healthcare system, and strategies for the control and combat of COVID-19 directed towards the men of the investigated municipality. They revealed the clinical characteristics based on the collective discourse of men with COVID-19. CONCLUSION In men, the individual experience of disease explicitly explains the clinical markers of COVID-19 expressed by the self-reported syndromic approach. Additionally, this understanding also explains the behaviors observed in their search for health care, as well as the adoption of prevention and control measures and therapies recommended by health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jules Ramon Brito Teixeira
- PhD. Professor, Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana (BA), Brazil
| | - Luciano Garcia Lourenção
- PhD. Nurse and Full Professor, Postgraduate Nursing Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande (RS), Brazil
| | - José Luís Guedes dos Santos
- PhD. Assistant Professor, Postgraduate Nursing Program, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis (SC), Brazil
| | | | | | - Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa
- RN, PhD. Assistant Professor, Nursing Department, Centro Universitário UNINOVAFAPI, Teresina (PI), Brazil, and Reseacher, Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anderson Reis de Sousa
- PhD. Professor, Postgraduate Nursing Program, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador (BA), Brazil
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Hou N, Wang L, Li M, Xie B, He L, Guo M, Liu S, Wang M, Zhang R, Wang K. Do COVID-19 CT features vary between patients from within and outside mainland China? Findings from a meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:939095. [PMID: 36311632 PMCID: PMC9616120 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.939095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chest computerized tomography (CT) plays an important role in detecting patients with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), however, there are no systematic summaries on whether the chest CT findings of patients within mainland China are applicable to those found in patients outside. Methods Relevant studies were retrieved comprehensively by searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases before 15 April 2022. Quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS) was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies, which were divided into two groups according to whether they were in mainland China or outside. Data on diagnostic performance, unilateral or bilateral lung involvement, and typical chest CT imaging appearances were extracted, and then, meta-analyses were performed with R software to compare the CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia between patients from within and outside mainland China. Results Of the 8,258 studies screened, 19 studies with 3,400 patients in mainland China and 14 studies with 554 outside mainland China were included. Overall, the risk of quality assessment and publication bias was low. The diagnostic value of chest CT is similar between patients from within and outside mainland China (93, 91%). The pooled incidence of unilateral lung involvement (15, 7%), the crazy-paving sign (31, 21%), mixed ground-glass opacities (GGO) and consolidations (51, 35%), air bronchogram (44, 25%), vascular engorgement (59, 33%), bronchial wall thickening (19, 12%), and septal thickening (39, 26%) in patients from mainland China were significantly higher than those from outside; however, the incidence rates of bilateral lung involvement (75, 84%), GGO (78, 87%), consolidations (45, 58%), nodules (12, 17%), and pleural effusion (9, 15%) were significantly lower. Conclusion Considering that the chest CT features of patients in mainland China may not reflect those of the patients abroad, radiologists and clinicians should be familiar with various CT presentations suggestive of COVID-19 in different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianzong Hou
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Mingzhe Li
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Bing Xie
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Urology, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Mingyu Guo
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Meiyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Zhangdian District, Zibo, China
| | - Rumin Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China,*Correspondence: Kai Wang
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Pushpalata Zanwar P, Perianayagam A, Zazdravnykh E, Omar Z, Vinod Joseph KJ, Santos FH, Negm AM, Reistetter TA, Heyn PC, Kelekar U. Examining the Impacts of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Mitigation Policies on Health Outcomes of Older Adults: Lessons Learned From Six High-Income or Middle-Income Countries. THE PUBLIC POLICY AND AGING REPORT 2022; 32:121-130. [PMID: 36349280 PMCID: PMC9619694 DOI: 10.1093/ppar/prac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Pushpalata Zanwar
- Address correspondence to: Preeti Zanwar, PhD, MPH, MS, Jefferson College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, 901 Walnut Street, 10th Floor, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, USA.
| | - Arokiasamy Perianayagam
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India,National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER), Delhi, India
| | - Evguenii Zazdravnykh
- Department of Management, International Centre of Health Economics, Policy, and Management, HSE University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Zaliha Omar
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K J Vinod Joseph
- Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Flavia H Santos
- Centre for Disability Studies, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ahmed M Negm
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada,School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy A Reistetter
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Patricia C Heyn
- Marymount Center for Optimal Aging, Marymount University, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Uma Kelekar
- Marymount Center for Optimal Aging, Marymount University, Arlington, Virginia, USA,School of Business, Innovation, Leadership and Technology, Marymount University, Arlington, Virginia, USA
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12
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Fernandes RRA, Santos MDS, Magliano CADS, Tura BR, Macedo LSDN, Padila MP, França ACW, Braga AA. Cost Utility of Vaccination Against COVID-19 in Brazil. Value Health Reg Issues 2022; 31:18-24. [PMID: 35325693 PMCID: PMC8935121 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-utility of the Oxford, CoronaVac, and Janssen COVID-19 vaccines from the perspective of the Brazilian public health system. Methods A total of 3 microsimulation models were constructed with individual data to evaluate the 3 vaccines. The simulation contains 7 transition states that are related to the natural history of the disease. The model with a daily cycle has a time horizon of 1 year and uses data from 289 days of the pandemic. The analysis was conducted from the perspective of the Brazilian public health system considering direct medical costs. For the model inputs, outpatient and hospital databases were used with information on treated patients stratified by age. Information on mortality was also stratified based on patients' age in the mortality database (SIM). The efficacy of vaccines to reduce the likelihood of patients becoming ill was evaluated independently for each vaccine. Information on the quality of life of patients in outpatient or hospital treatment and the sequelae resulting from the disease were extracted from the literature. The main outcome of the analysis was quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Results The vaccines showed incremental cost-utility ratios ranging from R$−23 161.3/QALY (Oxford) to R$17 757.85/QALY (CoronaVac). The older the population, the lower was the incremental cost-utility ratio. Given a willingness-to-pay threshold of R$17 586/QALY, all the vaccines were considered cost-effective in the probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Conclusions The results of the analysis by age group can help in the preparation of a vaccination prioritization plan.
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13
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Alimohamadi Y, Mansouri Yekta E, Sepandi M, Sharafoddin M, Arshadi M, Hesari E. Hospital length of stay for COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Multidiscip Respir Med 2022; 17:856. [PMID: 36117876 PMCID: PMC9472334 DOI: 10.4081/mrm.2022.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The length of stay in the hospital for COVID-19 can aid in understanding the disease's prognosis. Thus, the goal of this study was to collectively estimate the hospital length of stay (LoS) in COVID-19 hospitalized individuals. To locate related studies, international databases (including Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus) were searched. The I2 index, the Cochran Q test, and T2 were used to analyze study heterogeneity. The mean LoS in COVID- 19 hospitalized patients was estimated using a random-effects model. COVID-19's total pooled estimated hospital LoS was 15.35, 95%CI:13.47-17.23; p<0.001, I2 = 80.0). South America had the highest pooled estimated hospital LoS of COVID-19 among the continents, at 20.85 (95%CI: 14.80-26.91; p<0.001, I2 = 0.01), whereas Africa had the lowest at 8.56 8 (95%CI: 1.00-22.76). The >60 age group had the highest pooled estimated COVID-19 hospital LoS of 16.60 (95%CI: 12.94-20.25; p<0.001, I2 = 82.6), while the 40 age group had the lowest hospital LoS of 10.15 (95% CI: 4.90-15.39, p<0.001, I2 = 22.1). The metanalysis revealed that COVID-19's hospital LoS was more than 10 days. However, it appears that this duration varies depending on a number of factors, including the patient's age and the availability of resources.
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Pigati PADS, Righetti RF, Nisiaymamoto BTC, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, Tibério IDFLC. Resilience and its impact on the mental health of physiotherapists during the COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo, Brazil. J Affect Disord 2022; 310:422-428. [PMID: 35569609 PMCID: PMC9098656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze whether resilience modulates the levels of depression, anxiety, stress and the impact of events in physiotherapists who work with COVID-19 patients with those who do not. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2020 up to October 2020. A total of 519 physiotherapists were enrolled and divided according to resilience and whether they worked with COVID-19 patients. Volunteers answered sociodemographic questionnaires, rating their depression, anxiety, and stress on a scale (DASS-21). The impact of event scale revised (IES-R) and 14-item resilience scale (14-RS) were also used. RESULTS Physiotherapists with low resilience present scores significantly high of depression, anxiety, stress and impact of event compared to the high resilience group (P < .001). Additionally, working with COVID-19 patients also resulted in increased levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and impact of event compared with the NO COVID-19 group (P < .001). These responses were modulated by age, sex, number of absences from work, whether or not personal protective equipment was received, host leadership, and the practice and maintenance of regular physical activity. LIMITATIONS The responses to the questionnaires were anonymous and self-administered. We cannot assess whether these people had a previous diagnosis of depression, anxiety and stress. CONCLUSIONS Low resilience and work with COVID-19 patients were associated with high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress and worse psychological impacts of events. Several aspects modulate these responses and can contribute to improving the resilience and mental health of physiotherapists who are responsible for the care of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Angeli da Silva Pigati
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil,Corresponding author at: Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 – 1 andar, sala 1216, 02146 903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Fraga Righetti
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil,Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva-Romanholo
- Department of Medicine (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil,Public Employee of São Paulo (IAMSPE), São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Garbin JRT, Leite FMC, Lopes-Júnior LC, Dell’Antonio CSDS, Dell’Antonio LS, dos Santos APB. Analysis of Survival of Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 in Espírito Santo, Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:8709. [PMID: 35886560 PMCID: PMC9315540 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the survival of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and its associated factors. Methods: Retrospective study of survival analysis in individuals notified and hospitalized with COVID-19 in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. As data source, the reports of hospitalized patients in the period from 1 March 2020, to 31 July 2021 were used. The Cox regression analysis plus the proportional risk assessment (assumption) were used to compare hospitalization time until the occurrence of the event (death from COVID-19) associated with possible risk factors. Results: The sample comprised 9806 notifications of cases, with the occurrence of 1885 deaths from the disease (19.22%). The mean age of the group was 58 years (SD ± 18.3) and the mean hospital length of stay was 10.5 days (SD ± 11.8). The factors that presented a higher risk of death from COVID-19, associated with a lower survival rate, were non-work-related infection (HR = 4.33; p < 0.001), age group 60−79 years (HR: 1.62; p < 0.001) and 80 years or older (HR = 2.56; p < 0.001), presence of chronic cardiovascular disease (HR = 1.18; p = 0.028), chronic kidney disease (HR = 1.5; p = 0.004), smoking (HR = 1.41; p < 0.001), obesity (HR = 2.28; p < 0.001), neoplasms (HR = 1.81; p < 0.001) and chronic neurological disease (HR = 1.68; p < 0.001). Conclusion: It was concluded that non-work-related infection, age group above or equal to 60 years, presence of chronic cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic neurological disease, smoking, obesity and neoplasms were associated with a higher risk of death, and, therefore, a lower survival in Brazilian patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The identification of priority groups is crucial for Health Surveillance and can guide prevention, control, monitoring, and intervention strategies against the new coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Rodrigues Tovar Garbin
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Espírito Santo, Special Epidemiological Surveillance Nucleus, Vitoria 29050-625, ES, Brazil; (L.S.D.); (A.P.B.d.S.)
| | | | - Luís Carlos Lopes-Júnior
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitoria 29047-105, ES, Brazil;
| | | | - Larissa Soares Dell’Antonio
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Espírito Santo, Special Epidemiological Surveillance Nucleus, Vitoria 29050-625, ES, Brazil; (L.S.D.); (A.P.B.d.S.)
| | - Ana Paula Brioschi dos Santos
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Espírito Santo, Special Epidemiological Surveillance Nucleus, Vitoria 29050-625, ES, Brazil; (L.S.D.); (A.P.B.d.S.)
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16
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Kaffashian MR, Shirani M, Koupaei M, Sadeghifard N, Ahmadi I, Mozafari A, Nazari A, Heidary M, Khoshnood S. Clinical Manifestations, Imaging Procedures and Laboratory Parameters among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Ilam Province, Western Iran. Ethiop J Health Sci 2022; 32:485-496. [PMID: 35813682 PMCID: PMC9214747 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v32i3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is the last global threat which WHO confirmed it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. In the Middle East, Iran was the first country where the SARS-Cov-2 was detected. The epidemiological and economic challenges of Iran make this country a particularly relevant subject of study. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical, radiological and laboratory findings in hospitalized COVID-19 confirmed cases in Ilam province, western of Iran. Methods Overall, 2204 hospitalized RT-PCR confirmed patients with COVID-19 were considered in this study. Electronic medical records, including clinical symptoms, radiological images, laboratory findings, and the comorbidities of patients with COVID-19 were collected and analyzed. In addition, the medication regimens used in these patients were evaluated. The patients were classified in discharged and died groups according to their outcomes. Then, clinical, radiological and laboratory findings as well as treatment regimens and underlying diseases were compared in these two groups. Results Among the patients, 1209 (54.85%) were male and 995 (45.14%) were female. Pneumonia, dyspnea and cough, were the most common clinical data in both discharged and died groups. Among the comorbidities, COPD, and cancer were significantly more common in the dead patients than in the living. The results of laboratory tests showed that blood creatinine, BUN, ESR, Na+, WBC, and neutrophil count have increased in deceased group compared to the survivors. However, the lymphocyte count decreased in deceased patients. The evaluation of radiographs demonstrated that there were significant correlations between bilateral pneumonia, ground glass opacity, bilateral patchy shadowing, and pleural effusion with death. Conclusion The current investigation indicated the special profile of COVID-19 in west of Iran. Discharged and dead patients with COVID-19 had distinct clinical, radiological and laboratory features, which were separated by principal component analysis. Identifying these characteristics of the disease would translate into the implementation of practical measures to improve results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Kaffashian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran, Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Maryam Shirani
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Koupaei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Iraj Ahmadi
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical science, Ilam, Iran
| | - Aliashraf Mozafari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Ali Nazari
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Haslak F, Varol SE, Gunalp A, Kaynar O, Yildiz M, Adrovic A, Sahin S, Kes G, Ayzit-Kilinc A, Akdeniz B, Onal P, Apaydin G, Aygun D, Arslan H, Kilic-Baskan A, Hepkaya E, Meral O, Barut K, Cokugras HC, Kasapcopur O. Comparisons of Clinical Features and Outcomes of COVID-19 between Patients with Pediatric Onset Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases and Healthy Children. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082102. [PMID: 35456195 PMCID: PMC9030434 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: We aimed to describe the clinical features and outcomes of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in children and late adolescents with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) and to measure their severity risks by comparing them with healthy children. (2) Methods: Among children and late adolescents found to be severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, IRD patients with an at least six-months follow-up duration, and healthy children were included in the study. Data were obtained retrospectively. (3) Results: A total of 658 (339 (51.5%) females) (healthy children: 506, IRD patients: 152) subjects were included in the study. While 570 of 658 (86.6%) experienced COVID-19-related symptoms, only 21 (3.19%) required hospitalization with a median duration of 5 (1–30) days. Fever, dry cough, and fatigue were the most common symptoms. None of evaluated subjects died, and all recovered without any significant sequelae. The presence of any IRD was found to increase the risk of both hospitalization (OR: 5.205; 95% CI: 2.003–13.524) and symptomatic infection (OR: 2.579; 95% CI: 1.068–6.228). Furthermore, increasing age was significantly associated with symptomatic infection (OR: 1.051; 95% CI: 1.009–1.095). (4) Conclusions: Our study emphasizes that pediatric rheumatologists should monitor their patients closely for relatively poor COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Haslak
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34303, Turkey; (F.H.); (S.E.V.); (A.G.); (O.K.); (M.Y.); (A.A.); (S.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Sevki Erdem Varol
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34303, Turkey; (F.H.); (S.E.V.); (A.G.); (O.K.); (M.Y.); (A.A.); (S.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Aybuke Gunalp
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34303, Turkey; (F.H.); (S.E.V.); (A.G.); (O.K.); (M.Y.); (A.A.); (S.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Ozge Kaynar
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34303, Turkey; (F.H.); (S.E.V.); (A.G.); (O.K.); (M.Y.); (A.A.); (S.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Mehmet Yildiz
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34303, Turkey; (F.H.); (S.E.V.); (A.G.); (O.K.); (M.Y.); (A.A.); (S.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Amra Adrovic
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34303, Turkey; (F.H.); (S.E.V.); (A.G.); (O.K.); (M.Y.); (A.A.); (S.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Sezgin Sahin
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34303, Turkey; (F.H.); (S.E.V.); (A.G.); (O.K.); (M.Y.); (A.A.); (S.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Gulsen Kes
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34303, Turkey; (G.K.); (B.A.); (P.O.); (G.A.); (D.A.); (H.C.C.)
| | - Ayse Ayzit-Kilinc
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34303, Turkey; (A.A.-K.); (H.A.); (A.K.-B.); (E.H.); (O.M.)
| | - Beste Akdeniz
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34303, Turkey; (G.K.); (B.A.); (P.O.); (G.A.); (D.A.); (H.C.C.)
| | - Pinar Onal
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34303, Turkey; (G.K.); (B.A.); (P.O.); (G.A.); (D.A.); (H.C.C.)
| | - Gozde Apaydin
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34303, Turkey; (G.K.); (B.A.); (P.O.); (G.A.); (D.A.); (H.C.C.)
| | - Deniz Aygun
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34303, Turkey; (G.K.); (B.A.); (P.O.); (G.A.); (D.A.); (H.C.C.)
| | - Huseyin Arslan
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34303, Turkey; (A.A.-K.); (H.A.); (A.K.-B.); (E.H.); (O.M.)
| | - Azer Kilic-Baskan
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34303, Turkey; (A.A.-K.); (H.A.); (A.K.-B.); (E.H.); (O.M.)
| | - Evrim Hepkaya
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34303, Turkey; (A.A.-K.); (H.A.); (A.K.-B.); (E.H.); (O.M.)
| | - Ozge Meral
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34303, Turkey; (A.A.-K.); (H.A.); (A.K.-B.); (E.H.); (O.M.)
| | - Kenan Barut
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34303, Turkey; (F.H.); (S.E.V.); (A.G.); (O.K.); (M.Y.); (A.A.); (S.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Haluk Cezmi Cokugras
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34303, Turkey; (G.K.); (B.A.); (P.O.); (G.A.); (D.A.); (H.C.C.)
| | - Ozgur Kasapcopur
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34303, Turkey; (F.H.); (S.E.V.); (A.G.); (O.K.); (M.Y.); (A.A.); (S.S.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Corona RA, Cunha AAD. COVID-19 in healthcare workers in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil: clinical and sociodemographic characteristics associated with death and hospitalization. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2022; 20:eAO6241. [PMID: 35293527 PMCID: PMC8909153 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2022ao6241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze clinical and sociodemographic characteristics associated with death and hospitalization of healthcare workers due to COVID-19, in addition to calculating the incidence rates per profession. Methods A cross-sectional observational study using secondary open data from the State Health Department of Espírito Santo (ES), Brazil. The cases of COVID-19 in healthcare workers were recorded between February 27 and August 17, 2020, in Espírito Santo, excluding cases with missing information. Results Of the confirmed cases, 75.6% (n=9,191) were female. The overall case fatality rate was 0.27% and the general hospitalization rate was 0.99%. The clinical outcome of death and the occurrence of hospitalization were associated with male sex, age ≥50 years, higher education, fever, difficulty breathing, cough, cardiac comorbidity, diabetes and obesity (p<0.05). Only the occurrence of hospitalization was associated with case reported in the metropolitan region of Vitória, runny nose, sore throat, headache and renal comorbidity (p<0.05). The profession with the highest incidence rate was nurse (16,053.2 cases/100,000 nurses). Conclusion The study demonstrated high frequency of cases among women, low overall case fatality rate, and high incidence in nurses.
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Batista MJ, Lino CM, Tenani CF, Zanin L, Correia da Silva AT, Nunes Lipay MV, Rossi CDL, Tonetti JR, de Souza AP, de Alcântara Fredo FB, Marchi E. Seroepidemiological investigation of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Jundiai, São Paulo, Brazil. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000460. [PMID: 36962530 PMCID: PMC10021550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The dramatic increase in the number of COVID-19 cases has been a threat to global health and a challenge for health systems. Estimating the prevalence of infection in the population is essential to provide support for action planning. Within this scenario, the aim of the present study was to analyze the seroprevalence and associated factors of COVID-19 Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil. This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1st to June 19th, 2020. The participants were patients with respiratory symptoms who sought Primary Care Units (UBS) (n = 1,181) and subjects recruited from randomly selected households by probability sampling (n = 3,065), as screening strategy. All participants, in both phases, were submitted to SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests (IgG and IgM) and responded to a questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics based on Behavioural Insights for COVID-19. Total seroprevalence (positive/negative) was the outcome and the independent variables were sociodemographic variables, health behavior and signs/symptoms. The chi-squared test was used for association analysis (p<0.05) and variables with p<0.20 were entered into the logistic regression model (p<0.05). A total of 1,181 subjects from the UBS and 3,065 from the selected households participated in the study. The seroprevalence was 30.8% in the UBS and 3.1% in the households. The adjusted logistic regression identified that lower educational level (OR 2.68; 95%CI 1.59-4.54), household member testing positive (OR 1.67; 95%CI 1.16-2.39), presence of anosmia (OR 3.68, 95%CI 2.56-5.28) and seeking UBS (OR 3.76; 95%CI 2.08-6.82) was risk factors to test positive for SARS-CoV-2. Estimating the seroprevalence in the population was important to know the disease extension that was higher than the notified cases. These results showed socioeconomic aspects associated with COVID-19 even adjusted by symptoms. Populational epidemiologic studies that investigate the associated factors of COVID-19 are relevant to plan strategies to control the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Jesus Batista
- Department of Community Health, Jundiai Medical School, Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences and Child Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Matteussi Lino
- Department of Health Sciences and Child Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Fabiana Tenani
- Department of Health Sciences and Child Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane Zanin
- Department of Community Health, Jundiai Medical School, Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Evaldo Marchi
- Department of Community Health, Jundiai Medical School, Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Cunha AAD, Corona RA, Castilho-Martins EA. COVID-19 and race/color disparity: a brief analysis of the indigenous population in a state in the Brazilian Amazon. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2021; 19:eCE6734. [PMID: 34932759 PMCID: PMC8664283 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2021ce6734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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21
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Corrêa TD, Midega TD, Timenetsky KT, Cordioli RL, Barbas CSV, Silva Júnior M, Bravim BDA, Silva BC, Matos GFJD, Nawa RK, Carvalho FRTD, Queiroz VNF, Rabello Filho R, Piza FMDT, Pereira AJ, Pesavento ML, Eid RAC, Santos BFCD, Pardini A, Teich VD, Laselva CR, Cendoroglo Neto M, Klajner S, Ferraz LJR. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit during the first year of the pandemic in Brazil: a single center retrospective cohort study. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2021; 19:eAO6739. [PMID: 34878071 PMCID: PMC8664289 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2021ao6739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To describe clinical characteristics, resource use, outcomes, and to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit. Methods: Retrospective single-center cohort study conducted at a private hospital in São Paulo (SP), Brazil. All consecutive adult (≥18 years) patients admitted to the intensive care unit, between March 4, 2020 and February 28, 2021 were included in this study. Patients were categorized between survivors and non-survivors according to hospital discharge. Results: During the study period, 1,296 patients [median (interquartile range) age: 66 (53-77) years] with COVID-19 were admitted to the intensive care unit. Out of those, 170 (13.6%) died at hospital (non-survivors) and 1,078 (86.4%) were discharged (survivors). Compared to survivors, non-survivors were older [80 (70-88) versus 63 (50-74) years; p<0.001], had a higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 [59 (54-66) versus 47 (42-53) points; p<0.001], and presented comorbidities more frequently. During the intensive care unit stay, 56.6% of patients received noninvasive ventilation, 32.9% received mechanical ventilation, 31.3% used high flow nasal cannula, 11.7% received renal replacement therapy, and 1.5% used extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality included age, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, Charlson Comorbidity Index, need for mechanical ventilation, high flow nasal cannula, renal replacement therapy, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Conclusion: Patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit exhibited a considerable morbidity and mortality, demanding substantial organ support, and prolonged intensive care unit and hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sidney Klajner
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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22
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Machado AS, Castelo PM, Capela E Silva F, Lamy E. Covid-19: Signs and symptoms related to the feeding behavior. Physiol Behav 2021; 242:113605. [PMID: 34600920 PMCID: PMC8482655 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 reached pandemic level in March 2020 and the number of confirmed cases continued to increase worldwide. The clinical course of the disease has not yet been fully characterized, and some specific symptoms related to smell, taste, and feeding behavior require further examination. The present study aimed to assess the presence of symptoms related to the feeding behavior occurred during and/or after COVID-19 in adults residing in Portugal and to link them to disease severity using a multivariate approach. Data were collected from May to September 2020, through a questionnaire answered online containing questions about general and specific symptoms before, during and after COVID-19. 362 participants were included: 201 were symptomatic, being 15 hospitalized and 186 non-hospitalized. Cluster analysis grouped the symptomatic non-hospitalized participants as mild and severe cases. For these patients, the most frequent symptoms related to the feeding process were smell disorders in 40% and 62%, taste disorders in 37% and 60%, and dry mouth, in 23% and 48% of the mild and severe cases, respectively. Dry mouth was significantly associated with difficulty to swallow, pain during swallow, choking when eating or drinking, and preference for mushy/pasty foods (p < 0.01; Chi-squared test). Among the severe cases, the incidence of coughing during the meal (31%), difficulty (19%) and pain during swallow (17%), preference for mushy/pasty foods (10%) and choking when eating or drinking (6%) were clinically relevant and may indicate the presence of swallowing disorders. This group also showed a higher frequency of general symptoms, such as fever, headache, abdominal pain, tiredness, diarrhea, nausea, and shortness of breath (p < 0.05; Chi-squared test). Smell disorders, taste disorders and dry mouth were the most frequent symptoms related to the feeding behavior for both mild and severe cases. Dry mouth was significantly associated with swallowing difficulties and future research should investigate it as a frequent symptom and as a predictive of the presence of eating and swallowing disorders in COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | - Fernando Capela E Silva
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, IIFA - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, University of Évora, Portugal; Department of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Development, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Elsa Lamy
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, IIFA - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, University of Évora, Portugal.
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Grosche VR, Santos IA, Ferreira GM, Dutra JVR, Costa LC, Nicolau-Junior N, Queiroz ATL, José DP, Jardim ACG. Insights on the SARS-CoV-2 genome variability: the lesson learned in Brazil and its impacts on the future of pandemics. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000656. [PMID: 34730486 PMCID: PMC8743548 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 spread in Brazil, few studies have been published analysing the variability of viral genome. Herein, we described the dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 strains circulating in Brazil from May to September 2020, to better understand viral changes that may affect the ongoing pandemic. Our data demonstrate that some of the mutations identified are currently observed in variants of interest and variants of concern, and emphasize the importance of studying previous periods in order to comprehend the emergence of new variants. From 720 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences, we found few sites under positive selection pressure, such as the D614G (98.5 %) in the spike, that has replaced the old variant; the V1167F in the spike (41 %), identified in the P.2 variant that emerged from Brazil during the period of analysis; and I292T (39 %) in the N protein. There were a few alterations in the UTRs, which was expected, however, our data suggest that the emergence of new variants was not influenced by mutations in UTR regions, since it maintained its conformational structure in most analysed sequences. In phylogenetic analysis, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 from the large urban centres to the countryside during these months could be explained by the flexibilization of social isolation measures and also could be associated with possible new waves of infection. These results allow a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 strains that have circulated in Brazil, and thus, with relevant infomation, provide the potential viral changes that may have affected and/or contributed to the current and future scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victória Riquena Grosche
- São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Larissa Catharina Costa
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Artur Trancoso Lopo Queiroz
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Diego Pandeló José
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Campus Universitário Iturama, Iturama, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim
- São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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24
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COVID-19: potential therapeutics for pediatric patients. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1520-1538. [PMID: 34458951 PMCID: PMC8403523 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The global spread of COVID-19 has imparted significant economic, medical, and social burdens. Like adults, children are affected by this pandemic. However, milder clinical symptoms are often experienced by them. Only a minimal proportion of the affected patients may develop severe and complicated COVID-19. Supportive treatment is recommended in all patients. Antiviral and immunomodulatory medications are spared for hospitalized children with respiratory distress or severe to critical disease. Up till now, remdesivir is the only USFDA-approved anti-COVID-19 medication indicated in the majority of symptomatic patients with moderate to severe disease. Dexamethasone is solely recommended in patients with respiratory distress maintained on oxygen or ventilatory support. The use of these medications in pediatric patients is founded on evidence deriving from adult studies. No randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving pediatric COVID-19 patients have assessed these medications' efficacy and safety, among others. Similarly, three novel monoclonal anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies, bamlanivimab, casirivimab and imdevimab, have been recently authorized by the USFDA. Nonetheless, their efficacy has not been demonstrated by multiple RCTs. In this review, we aim to dissect the various potential therapeutics used in children with COVID-19. We aspire to provide a comprehensive review of the available evidence and display the mechanisms of action and the pharmacokinetic properties of the studied therapeutics. Our review offers an efficient and practical guide for treating children with COVID-19.
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Souza JLD, Teich VD, Dantas ACB, Malheiro DT, Oliveira MAD, Mello ESD, Cendoroglo Neto M. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department visits: experience of a Brazilian reference center. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2021; 19:eAO6467. [PMID: 34431853 PMCID: PMC8354589 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2021ao6467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the impact of COVID-19 on emergency department metrics at a large tertiary reference hospital in Brazil. Methods A retrospective analysis of consecutive emergency department visits, from January 1, 2020, to November 21, 2020, was performed and compared to the corresponding time frame in 2018 and 2019. The volume of visits and patients’ demographic and clinic characteristics were compared. All medical conditions were included, except confirmed cases of COVID-19. Results A total of 138,138 emergency department visits occurred during the study period, with a statistically significant (p<0.01) reduction by 52% compared to both 2018 and 2019. This decrease was more pronounced for pediatric visits – a drop by 71% in comparison to previous years. Regarding clinical presentation, there was a decrease of severe cases by 34.7% and 37.6%, whereas mild cases decreased by 55.2% and 56.2% when comparing 2020 to 2018 and 2019, respectively. A 30% fall in the total volume of hospital admission from emergency department patients was observed during the study period, but accompanied by a proportional increase in monthly admission rates since April 2020. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic led to a 52% fall in attendance at our emergency department for other conditions, along with a proportional increase in hospital admission rates of COVID-19 patients. Healthcare providers should raise patient awareness not to delay seeking medical treatment of severe conditions that require care at the emergency department.
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Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in 121 Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:1479-1489. [PMID: 34164762 PMCID: PMC8221557 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is still scarce data on SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) and many unresolved questions. We aimed to describe the clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazilian IEI patients and identify factors influencing the infection. METHODS We did a cross-sectional, multicenter study that included patients of any age affected by IEI and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The variables studied were sex, age, type of IEI, comorbidities (number and type), treatment in use for IEI, clinical manifestations and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS 121 patients were included: 55.4% female, ages from six months to 74 yo (median age = 25.1 yo). Most patients had predominantly antibody deficiency (n = 53). The infection was mostly asymptomatic (n = 21) and mild (n = 66), and one child had multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). We could not observe sex-related susceptibility, and there was a weak correlation between age and severity of infection. The number of comorbidities was higher in severe cases, particularly bronchiectasis and cardiopathy. There were no severe cases in hereditary angioedema patients. Six patients aged 2 to 74 years died, three of them with antibody deficiency. CONCLUSION The outcome was mild in most patients, but the Case Fatality Ratio was higher than in the general population. However, the type of IEI was not a determining factor for severity, except for complement deficiencies linked to milder COVID-19. The severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection seems to be more related to older age, a higher number of comorbidities and type of comorbidities (bronchiectasis and cardiopathy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Liang Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Characteristics and Clinical Course of Adult in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia at High Altitude. Can Respir J 2021; 2021:5590879. [PMID: 34122677 PMCID: PMC8189806 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5590879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 has spread worldwide with different dynamics in each region. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and to explore risk factors of death, critical care admission, and use of invasive mechanical ventilation in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in a high-altitude population living in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods We conducted a concurrent cohort study of adult patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Demographic, clinical, and treatment data were extracted from electronic records. Univariate and multivariable methods were performed to investigate the relationship between each variable and outcomes at 28 days of follow-up. Results 377 adults (56.8% male) were included in the study, of whom 85 (22.6%) died. Nonsurvivors were older on average than survivors (mean age, 56.7 years [SD 15.8] vs. 70.1 years [SD 13.9]; p ≤ 0.001) and more likely male (28 [32.9%] vs. 57 [67.1%]; p=0.029). Most patients had at least one underlying disease (333 [88.3%]), including arterial hypertension (149 [39.5%]), overweight (145 [38.5%]), obesity (114 [30.2%]), and diabetes mellitus (82 [21.8%]). Frequency of critical care admission (158 [41.9%]) and invasive mechanical ventilation (123 [32.6%]) was high. Age over 65 years (OR 9.26, 95% CI 3.29-26.01; p ≤ 0.001), ICU admission (OR 12.37, 95% CI 6.08-25.18; p ≤ 0.001), and arterial pH higher than 7.47 (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.08-0.74; p=0.01) were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Conclusions In this study of in-hospital patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia living at high altitude, frequency of death was similar to what has been reported. ICU admission and use of invasive mechanical ventilation were high. Risk factors as older age, ICU admission, and arterial pH were associated with mortality.
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Je D, O'Brolchain A, Ulett KB, Zainudheen A, Gerrard J, Alcorn K, Memon S. Demographics, clinical characteristics and outcomes among 197 patients with COVID-19 in the Gold Coast area. Intern Med J 2021; 51:666-672. [PMID: 34047029 PMCID: PMC8206985 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Clinical characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients have been varied internationally but have not been studied in an Australian cohort. Aim To describe characteristics and outcomes of approximately the first 200 documented COVID‐19 cases during the first outbreak in the Gold Coast. Methods Retrospective observational cohort study of COVID‐19 patients managed by Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service (GCHHS). Demographics, clinical characteristics and outcomes data were collected. Results One hundred and ninety‐seven patients were included (mean age 45 years); 52.3% were female and 9.1% were healthcare workers. Most were overseas travellers (53.8%), contacts of a local confirmed case (25.4%) or cruise ship passengers (17.3%). The commonest comorbidities were hypertension (14.2%) and asthma (11.2%). The commonest symptoms were cough (74.1%), fever (58.9%), sore throat (48.7%), headache (48.7%) and rhinorrhoea (46.2%). Sixty‐three patients were hospitalised and the rest admitted to a ‘virtual ward’. Of 63 hospitalised patients, 5 (7.9%) required intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 3 (4.8%) required intubation. No patients died. Due to low numbers of accurate exposure dates, the incubation period could not be reliably calculated for a significant proportion of the cohort. Average duration of symptoms was 14 days, time from first symptom to hospitalisation was 5.3 days and time from first symptom to ICU admission was 11.6 days. The majority (88%) experienced mild disease and achieved complete symptom resolution (97%). Nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction was the main diagnostic method (99%). Twenty‐four patients received anti‐viral pharmacotherapy, with 87.5% getting hydroxychloroquine. Conclusions The present study provides characteristics and outcomes of the first 197 patients with COVID‐19 in the Gold Coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Je
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aongus O'Brolchain
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kimberly B Ulett
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amith Zainudheen
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - John Gerrard
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kylie Alcorn
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Salim Memon
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Sousa Neto ARD, Carvalho ARBD, Oliveira EMND, Magalhães RDLB, Moura MEB, Freitas DRJD. Symptomatic manifestations of the disease caused by coronavirus (COVID-19) in adults: systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 42:e20200205. [PMID: 34037180 DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify symptoms of COVID-19 in adults in the scientific literature. METHOD Systematic review of studies published from December 1, 2019 to April 21, 2020 from the Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases, in order to answer the following research question: "What are the symptoms caused by COVID-19 in adults?" using the keywords "Symptoms", "Clinical Manifestations", "Coronavirus", "COVID-19". RESULTS Of the total 105 references, 13 references that addressed the symptoms of COVID-19 were selected. Fever and normal or dry cough were symptoms present in all studies. CONCLUSION The symptoms identified in adult patients were fever, normal or dry cough, headache, pharyngalgia, dyspnea, diarrhea, myalgia, vomiting, sputum or expectoration, anxiety or chest pain, fatigue, nausea, anorexia, abdominal pain, rhinorrhea, runny nose or nasal congestion, dizziness, chills, systemic pain, mental confusion, hemoptysis, asthma, taste disorder, smell disorder, belching and tachycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Raquel Batista de Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Departamento de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem. Teresina, Piauí, Brasil
| | - Erika Morganna Neves de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Departamento de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem. Teresina, Piauí, Brasil
| | - Rosilane de Lima Brito Magalhães
- Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Departamento de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem. Teresina, Piauí, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Colégio Técnico de Teresina. Teresina, Piauí, Brasil
| | - Maria Eliete Batista Moura
- Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Departamento de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem. Teresina, Piauí, Brasil
| | - Daniela Reis Joaquim de Freitas
- Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Departamento de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem. Teresina, Piauí, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Departamento de Parasitologia e Microbiologia. Teresina, Piauí, Brasil
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Bichara CDA, da Silva Graça Amoras E, Vaz GL, da Silva Torres MK, Queiroz MAF, do Amaral IPC, Vallinoto IMVC, Bichara CNC, Vallinoto ACR. Dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies post-COVID-19 in a Brazilian Amazon population. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:443. [PMID: 33992073 PMCID: PMC8122196 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, the prevalence and persistence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus) IgG was evaluated in volunteers 90 days after COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) diagnosis by correlating response dynamics with clinical conditions, epidemiological characteristics, and disease severity. METHODS The study recruited 200 volunteers aged 18 years or older of both sexes diagnosed with COVID-19. Of the 200 volunteers initially selected, the 135 individuals who underwent serological testing for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies on the first visit to the laboratory, were invited to return, after 90 days, and provide a new blood sample for a second assessment of the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody. Disease severity and longevity of symptoms were evaluated for each individual and associated with the serological profile. RESULTS Among the 135 individuals who underwent a previous serological test for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody, 125 showed reactivity to IgG (92.6%). Of the 125 individuals with detectable IgG in the first test, 87 (69.6%) showed persistence of this antibody after 90 days and 38 (30.4%) lost IgG reactivity in the second evaluation. The frequency of all reported symptoms was higher in individuals who maintained IgG persistence after 90 days of symptoms. Symptom manifestations lasted ≥21 days in the group with a persistent IgG response (39.6%) and ≤ 7 days in the group with a nonpersistent IgG response (50.0%). The length of hospital stay and supplemental oxygen use were higher in individuals with a persistent IgG response. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study show a high frequency of loss of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies within 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis in the Brazilian Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos David Araújo Bichara
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará Brazil
- Amaral Costa Diagnostic Medicine, Belém, Pará Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Karoliny da Silva Torres
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará Brazil
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Policarpo DA, Lourenzatto ECA, Brito TCES, Rossi DA, de Melo RT. Epidemiological Aspects of the Initial Evolution of COVID-19 in Microregion of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5245. [PMID: 34069172 PMCID: PMC8157100 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is considered by the World Health Organization to be a global public health emergency, which presents regional divergences that affect the epidemiological profile of the disease and are associated with political, economic, social and behavioral aspects. We aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the disease in the microregion of Uberlândia, Brazil, in order to determine risk factors that contributed to progression of SARS-CoV-2 virus. A cross-sectional study was conducted about micro- and macro-determinants combined with the significance analysis of suspected and confirmed cases in 18 municipalities during the epidemiological weeks (EW) 9 to 26. There were 34,046 notifications, of which 4935 (14.49%) people were diagnosed with COVID-19. Of these, 282 (5.71%) required hospital care and 40 (0.81%) died. Age and presence of associated comorbidities were decisive in the variations of incidence and lethality rates. In general, young people were the most affected and the elderly people, the most exposed to the serious and lethal form (p < 0.0001). Comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiopathies increased 33.5 times the death risk. The dispersion of the virus was centrifugal, in the inter as well as in the intra-municipal level. The disorderly implementation of municipal decrees applied in a decentralized manner in the municipalities seems to have contributed for the incidence rates increasing in the EW 25 and 26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Araujo Policarpo
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-000, Brazil;
| | | | - Talita Costa e Silva Brito
- Superintendência Regional de Saúde, Setor de Vigilância em Saúde da Macrorregião de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-000, Brazil;
| | - Daise Aparecida Rossi
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Animal e Aplicada, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-000, Brazil;
| | - Roberta Torres de Melo
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-000, Brazil;
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Tovani-Palone MR, Ali S. The media and the early dissemination of information on medicines for COVID-19: current scenario in Pakistan. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2021; 19:eCE6354. [PMID: 33886936 PMCID: PMC8029642 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2021ce6354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Khawaja UA, Shamsoddin E, Desideri LF, Tovani-Palone MR. Infection of red blood cells by SARS-CoV-2: new evidence. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2021; 19:eCE6285. [PMID: 33886935 PMCID: PMC8029641 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2021ce6285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Uzzam Ahmed Khawaja
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Erfan Shamsoddin
- National Institute for Medical Research Development, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lorenzo Ferro Desideri
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, GE, Italy
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Increased antimicrobial resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 57:106324. [PMID: 33746045 PMCID: PMC7972869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In addition to SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection itself, an increase in the incidence of antimicrobial resistance poses collateral damage to the current status of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. There has been a rapid increase in multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing Enterobacterales, Acinetobacter baumannii, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), pan-echinocandin-resistant Candida glabrata and multi-triazole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus. The cause is multifactorial and is particularly related to high rates of antimicrobial agent utilisation in COVID-19 patients with a relatively low rate of co- or secondary infection. Appropriate prescription and optimised use of antimicrobials according to the principles of antimicrobial stewardship as well as quality diagnosis and aggressive infection control measures may help prevent the occurrence of MDROs during this pandemic.
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Bumiller-Bini V, de Freitas Oliveira-Toré C, Carvalho TM, Kretzschmar GC, Gonçalves LB, Alencar NDM, Gasparetto MA, Beltrame MH, Winter Boldt AB. MASPs at the crossroad between the complement and the coagulation cascades - the case for COVID-19. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20200199. [PMID: 33729332 PMCID: PMC7982787 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Components of the complement system and atypical parameters of coagulation were reported in COVID-19 patients, as well as the exacerbation of the inflammation and coagulation activity. Mannose binding lectin (MBL)- associated serine proteases (MASPs) play an important role in viral recognition and subsequent activation of the lectin pathway of the complement system and blood coagulation, connecting both processes. Genetic variants of MASP1 and MASP2 genes are further associated with different levels and functional efficiency of their encoded proteins, modulating susceptibility and severity to diseases. Our review highlights the possible role of MASPs in SARS-COV-2 binding and activation of the lectin pathway and blood coagulation cascades, as well as their associations with comorbidities of COVID-19. MASP-1 and/or MASP-2 present an increased expression in patients with COVID-19 risk factors: diabetes, arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cerebrovascular disease. Based also on the positive results of COVID-19 patients with anti-MASP-2 antibody, we propose the use of MASPs as a possible biomarker of the progression of COVID-19 and the investigation of new treatment strategies taking into consideration the dual role of MASPs, including MASP inhibitors as promising therapeutic targets against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Bumiller-Bini
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila de Freitas Oliveira-Toré
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Interna e Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Tamyres Mingorance Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Citogenética Humana e Oncogenética, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Canalli Kretzschmar
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Letícia Boslooper Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Imunogenética e Histocompatibilidade (LIGH), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Nina de Moura Alencar
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Instituto Carlos Chagas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angelo Gasparetto
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcia Holsbach Beltrame
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Ishikawa G, Argenti G, Fadel CB. Non-specific blood tests as proxies for COVID-19 hospitalisation: are there plausible associations after excluding noisy predictors? Epidemiol Infect 2021; 149:e23. [PMID: 33427157 PMCID: PMC7844186 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268821000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study applied causal criteria in directed acyclic graphs for handling covariates in associations for prognosis of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. To identify non-specific blood tests and risk factors as predictors of hospitalisation due to COVID-19, one has to exclude noisy predictors by comparing the concordance statistics (area under the curve - AUC) for positive and negative cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Predictors with significant AUC at negative stratum should be either controlled for their confounders or eliminated (when confounders are unavailable). Models were classified according to the difference of AUC between strata. The framework was applied to an open database with 5644 patients from Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein in Brazil with SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) exam. C-reactive protein (CRP) was a noisy predictor: hospitalisation could have happened due to causes other than COVID-19 even when SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR is positive and CRP is reactive, as most cases are asymptomatic to mild. Candidates of characteristic response from moderate-to-severe inflammation of COVID-19 were: combinations of eosinophils, monocytes and neutrophils, with age as risk factor; and creatinine, as risk factor, sharpens the odds ratio of the model with monocytes, neutrophils and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Ishikawa
- Professor and researcher, Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana (UTFPR), Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - G. Argenti
- Researcher, Postgraduate Programme in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - C. B. Fadel
- Professor and researcher, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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Tovani-Palone MR, Lacagnina S, Desideri LF. Number of COVID-19 patients classified as cured: an imminent danger for the population. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2020; 18:eCE6146. [PMID: 33111812 PMCID: PMC9586428 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ce6146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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