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Jaiswal S, Panja AK, Haldar S. Development of a laboratory-based model to study the interaction between nutrients and Vibrio cholerae and predicting the spread of cholera outbreaks in the Indian subcontinent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:48039-48047. [PMID: 39017876 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Cholera is an infectious disease that is transmitted through contaminated water. The disease includes a long back history of epidemics. Despite the numerous hygiene and prevention techniques that have been developed for Cholera, outbreaks of cholera are still reported worldwide. The resolution to this issue lies in promptly identifying the area susceptible to cholera outbreaks, a matter that continues to perplex scientists and medical professionals. It has been reported that Vibrio is effective in nitrogen digestion because it contains the nasA gene. In this study, initially the impact of nutrients (nitrate and nitrite) on growth of Vibrio cholerae was determined, subsequently a relationship was developed between nutrient substrates and V. cholerae growth rate, using Monod model. Subsequently, the model was applied to large national river quality data set (2012-2014) developed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and a possible cholerae outbreak zone was predicted. This work will definitely help the policy makers to develop management strategy for keeping rivers safe from future cholera outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Jaiswal
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Atanu Kumar Panja
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Soumya Haldar
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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2
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Zhang Q, Alter T, Strauch E, Eichhorn I, Borowiak M, Deneke C, Fleischmann S. German coasts harbor non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae with clinical virulence gene profiles. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 120:105587. [PMID: 38518953 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems. In rare cases, they can cause intestinal and extra-intestinal infections in human. This ability is associated with various virulence factors. The presence of NOVC in German North Sea and Baltic Sea was observed in previous studies. However, data on virulence characteristics are still scarce. Therefore, this work aimed to investigating the virulence potential of NOVC isolated in these two regions. In total, 31 NOVC strains were collected and subjected to whole genome sequencing. In silico analysis of the pathogenic potential was performed based on the detection of genes involved in colonization and virulence. Phenotypic assays, including biofilm formation, mobility and human serum resistance assays were applied for validation. Associated toxin genes (hlyA, rtxA, chxA and stn), pathogenicity islands (Vibrio pathogenicity island 2 (VPI-II) and Vibrio seventh pathogenicity island 2 (VSP-II)) and secretion systems (Type II, III and VI secretion system) were observed. A maximum likelihood analysis from shared core genes revealed a close relationship between clinical NOVCs published in NCBI and environmental strains from this study. NOVC strains are more mobile at 37 °C than at 25 °C, and 68% of the NOVC strains could form strong biofilms at both temperatures. All tested strains were able to lyse erythrocytes from both human and sheep blood. Additionally, one strain could survive up to 60% and seven strains up to 40% human serum at 37 °C. Overall, the genetic virulence profile as well as the phenotypic virulence characteristics of the investigated NOVC from the German North Sea and Baltic Sea suggest potential human pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quantao Zhang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 69, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Alter
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 69, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Eckhard Strauch
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Inga Eichhorn
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany; Robert Koch Institute, Genome Competence Centre (MF1), Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Maria Borowiak
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Carlus Deneke
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Susanne Fleischmann
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 69, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
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Zhang Q, Alter T, Fleischmann S. Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae-An Underestimated Foodborne Pathogen? An Overview of Its Virulence Genes and Regulatory Systems Involved in Pathogenesis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:818. [PMID: 38674762 PMCID: PMC11052320 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the number of foodborne infections with non-O1 and non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) has increased worldwide. These have ranged from sporadic infection cases to localized outbreaks. The majority of case reports describe self-limiting gastroenteritis. However, severe gastroenteritis and even cholera-like symptoms have also been described. All reported diarrheal cases can be traced back to the consumption of contaminated seafood. As climate change alters the habitats and distribution patterns of aquatic bacteria, there is a possibility that the number of infections and outbreaks caused by Vibrio spp. will further increase, especially in countries where raw or undercooked seafood is consumed or clean drinking water is lacking. Against this background, this review article focuses on a possible infection pathway and how NOVC can survive in the human host after oral ingestion, colonize intestinal epithelial cells, express virulence factors causing diarrhea, and is excreted by the human host to return to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susanne Fleischmann
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 69, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (Q.Z.); (T.A.)
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4
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Muzembo BA, Kitahara K, Ohno A, Khatiwada J, Dutta S, Miyoshi SI. Vibriosis in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 141:106955. [PMID: 38311027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES South Asia remains home to foodborne diseases caused by the Vibrio species. We aimed to compile and update information on the epidemiology of vibriosis in South Asia. METHODS For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for studies related to vibriosis in South Asia published up to May 2023. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled isolation rate of non-cholera-causing Vibrio species. RESULTS In total, 38 studies were included. Seven of these were case reports and 22 were included in the meta-analysis. The reported vibriosis cases were caused by non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. fluvialis, and V. vulnificus. The overall pooled isolation rate was 4.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0-5.0%) in patients with diarrhea. Heterogeneity was high (I2 = 98.0%). The isolation rate of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. fluvialis were 9.0 (95% CI 7.0-10.0%), 1.0 (95% CI 1.0-2.0%), and 2.0 (95% CI: 1.0-3.0%), respectively. Regarding V. parahaemolyticus, O3:K6 was the most frequently isolated serotype. Cases peaked during summer. Several studies reported antibiotic-resistant strains and those harboring extended-spectrum beta-lactamases genes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a high burden of infections caused by non-cholera-causing Vibrio species in South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basilua Andre Muzembo
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Kei Kitahara
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India at ICMR-NICED, Kolkata, India
| | - Ayumu Ohno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India at ICMR-NICED, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Kumar S, Lekshmi M, Stephen J, Ortiz-Alegria A, Ayitah M, Varela MF. Dynamics of efflux pumps in antimicrobial resistance, persistence, and community living of Vibrionaceae. Arch Microbiol 2023; 206:7. [PMID: 38017151 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The marine bacteria of the Vibrionaceae family are significant from the point of view of their role in the marine geochemical cycle, as well as symbionts and opportunistic pathogens of aquatic animals and humans. The well-known pathogens of this group, Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus, are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality associated with a range of infections from gastroenteritis to bacteremia acquired through the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood and exposure to seawater containing these pathogens. Although generally regarded as susceptible to commonly employed antibiotics, the antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio spp. has been on the rise in the last two decades, which has raised concern about future infections by these bacteria becoming increasingly challenging to treat. Diverse mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance have been discovered in pathogenic vibrios, the most important being the membrane efflux pumps, which contribute to antimicrobial resistance and their virulence, environmental fitness, and persistence through biofilm formation and quorum sensing. In this review, we discuss the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic vibrios and some of the well-characterized efflux pumps' contributions to the physiology of antimicrobial resistance, host and environment survival, and their pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanath Kumar
- QC Laboratory, Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Manjusha Lekshmi
- QC Laboratory, Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Jerusha Stephen
- QC Laboratory, Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Anely Ortiz-Alegria
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Station 33, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
| | - Matthew Ayitah
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Station 33, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
| | - Manuel F Varela
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Station 33, Portales, NM, 88130, USA.
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Abioye OE, Osunla CA, Nontongana N, Okoh AI. Occurrence of virulence determinants in vibrio cholerae, vibrio mimicus, vibrio alginolyticus, and vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from important water resources of Eastern Cape, South Africa. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:316. [PMID: 37891478 PMCID: PMC10612165 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virulence determinants are crucial to the risk assessment of pathogens in an environment. This study investigated the presence of eleven key virulence-associated genes in Vibrio cholerae (n = 111) and Vibrio mimicus (n = 22) and eight virulence determinants in Vibrio alginolyticus (n = 65) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n = 17) isolated from six important water resources in Eastern Cape, South Africa, using PCR techniques. The multiple virulence gene indexes (MVGI) for sampling sites and isolates as well as hotspots for potential vibriosis outbreaks among sampling sites were determined statistically based on the comparison of MVGI. RESULT The PCR assay showed that all the V. cholerae isolates belong to non-O1/non-O139 serogroups. Of the isolates, Vibrio Cholera (84%), V. mimicus (73%), V. alginolyticus (91%) and V. parahaemolyticus (100%) isolates harboured at least one of the virulence-associated genes investigated. The virulence gene combinations detected in isolates varied at sampling site and across sites. Typical virulence-associated determinants of V. cholerae were detected in V. mimicus while that of V. parahaemolyticus were detected in V. alginolyticus. The isolates with the highest MVGI were recovered from three estuaries (Sunday river, Swartkopps river, buffalo river) and a freshwater resource (Lashinton river). The cumulative MVGI for V. cholerae, V. mimicus, V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus isolates were 0.34, 0.20, 0.45, and 0.40 respectively. The targeted Vibrio spp. in increasing order of the public health risk posed in our study areas based on the MVGI is V. alginolyticus > V. parahaemolyticus > V. cholerae > V. mimicus. Five (sites SR, PA5, PA6, EL4 and EL6) out of the seventeen sampling sites were detected as the hotspots for potential cholera-like infection and vibriosis outbreaks. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that humans having contact with water resources in our study areas are exposed to potential public health risks owing to the detection of virulent determinants in human pathogenic Vibrio spp. recovered from the water resources. The study affirms the relevancy of environmental Vibrio species to the epidemiology of vibriosis, cholera and cholera-like infections. Hence we suggest a monitoring program for human pathogenic Vibrio spp. in the environment most especially surface water that humans have contact with regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles A Osunla
- Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria
| | - Nolonwabo Nontongana
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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7
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Tang J, Li S, Zhang M, Li F, Tang Y, Yang F. Whole Genome Analysis of a Non-O1, Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Detected from Human Blood in China. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:5453-5461. [PMID: 37638066 PMCID: PMC10454767 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s420095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) can cause cholera-like diarrhea, but it rarely causes extraintestinal infection, so it is easily overlooked. In this report, we present a case of NOVC detected through blood culture in a 58-year-old male patient with cirrhosis, resulting in severe infection. The patient had been diagnosed with cirrhosis seven years prior and was admitted to the hospital due to abdominal distension and gastrointestinal bleeding. Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from blood cultures and identified as V. cholerae using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and average nucleotide identity (ANI). Moreover, the serum agglutination test showed that the strain was non-O1/non-O139. Further whole genome sequencing and analysis of the strain showed that the strain mainly carried virulence genes tox R, RTX, hly A, T3SS/T6SS, but no resistant genes such as sulII, dfrA1, strB were detected. It provides information for the study of the pathogenic mechanism and drug resistance mechanism of V. cholerae. The patient had severe symptoms and a poor prognosis, indicating that although the NOVC strain infected in this patient had few virulence genes, it was not weak in pathogenicity. It may be caused by the effect of some virulence genes, which should be paid attention to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Mianyang Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Mianyang Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manli Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Mianyang Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengzhi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Mianyang Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Tang
- Youxian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Mianyang City, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), Mianyang, Sichuan, 621000, People’s Republic of China
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Stolaj E, Belfiori B, Mercuri A, Papili R, Rosignoli D, Albagini M, Genga G, Tommasi A, Veramonti D, Pallotto C, Francisci D. Acute gastroenteritis due to Vibrio cholerae biovar albensis infection: A case report. IDCases 2023; 33:e01878. [PMID: 37680213 PMCID: PMC10480522 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae represents diverse species and includes pathogenic and non-pathogenic variants. Particularly serogroups O1 and O139 are related to cholera epidemics, while non-O1/O139 serogroups (NOVC) in general are non-pathogenic or asymptomatic colonizers in humans, but also can cause different diseases. Vibrio albensis, a non-O1/non-O-139 serogroup, is rarely implicated in human infections. Only a few cases of human pathology related to this species are described in the literature. We present the menagement of V. albensis gastroenteritis in a a 47-year-old woman and discuss clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Stolaj
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Belfiori
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mercuri
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rita Papili
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Rosignoli
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Margherita Albagini
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Genga
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Tommasi
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Dante Veramonti
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Pallotto
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Francisci
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
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Saima S, Ferdous J, Sultana R, Rashid RB, Almeida S, Begum A, Jensen PKM. Detecting Enteric Pathogens in Low-Risk Drinking Water in Dhaka, Bangladesh: An Assessment of the WHO Water Safety Categories. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:321. [PMID: 37368739 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8060321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiological quality of water is usually assessed by fecal coliform bacteria, and the presence of E. coli as an indicator of fecal contamination is widely recommended by international guidelines. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of diarrheagenic pathogens, in both public and personal domain water sources and examine the reliance on the WHO drinking water risk assessment guidelines. This study was conducted in a low-income urban community in Dhaka, Bangladesh between September 2014 and October 2015. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the marker and virulence genes of Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella species, and Campylobacter species, and the culture method was employed for the quantitative assessment of E. coli. According to the WHO guidelines, 48% of the public domain source water and 21% of the personal domain point-of-drinking water were classified in the low-risk group, i.e., 0 CFU of E. coli/100 mL. However, when using PCR, we detected pathogens in 39% (14/36) of the point-of-drinking water samples and 65% (74/114) of the public domain water source samples classified in the low-risk group. Our study showed that relying solely on E. coli detection as a measure of water quality may overlook the presence of other pathogens in the drinking water. In addition to the culture-based method, the detection of virulence genes by PCR should also be considered to add more scrutiny to the detection of diverse types of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabera Saima
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, 1000 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, 1000 Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Independent University, 1229 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rebeca Sultana
- Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
- icddr,b, 1212 Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Institute of Health Economics, University of Dhaka, 1000 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ridwan Bin Rashid
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, 1000 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sara Almeida
- Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anowara Begum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, 1000 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Peter Kjær Mackie Jensen
- Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Montero DA, Vidal RM, Velasco J, George S, Lucero Y, Gómez LA, Carreño LJ, García-Betancourt R, O’Ryan M. Vibrio cholerae, classification, pathogenesis, immune response, and trends in vaccine development. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1155751. [PMID: 37215733 PMCID: PMC10196187 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1155751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, a highly contagious diarrheal disease affecting millions worldwide each year. Cholera is a major public health problem, primarily in countries with poor sanitary conditions and regions affected by natural disasters, where access to safe drinking water is limited. In this narrative review, we aim to summarize the current understanding of the evolution of virulence and pathogenesis of V. cholerae as well as provide an overview of the immune response against this pathogen. We highlight that V. cholerae has a remarkable ability to adapt and evolve, which is a global concern because it increases the risk of cholera outbreaks and the spread of the disease to new regions, making its control even more challenging. Furthermore, we show that this pathogen expresses several virulence factors enabling it to efficiently colonize the human intestine and cause cholera. A cumulative body of work also shows that V. cholerae infection triggers an inflammatory response that influences the development of immune memory against cholera. Lastly, we reviewed the status of licensed cholera vaccines, those undergoing clinical evaluation, and recent progress in developing next-generation vaccines. This review offers a comprehensive view of V. cholerae and identifies knowledge gaps that must be addressed to develop more effective cholera vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Montero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Roberto M. Vidal
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juliana Velasco
- Unidad de Paciente Crítico, Clínica Hospital del Profesor, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Formación de Especialista en Medicina de Urgencia, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio George
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yalda Lucero
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil, Hospital Dr. Roberto del Rio, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo A. Gómez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Leandro J. Carreño
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard García-Betancourt
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel O’Ryan
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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A polyvalent multiepitope protein cross-protects against Vibrio cholerae infection in rabbit colonization and passive protection models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202938119. [PMID: 36469767 PMCID: PMC9897427 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202938119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Using epitope- and structure-based multiepitope fusion antigen vaccinology platform, we constructed a polyvalent protein immunogen that presents antigenic domains (epitopes) of Vibrio cholerae toxin-coregulated pilus A, cholera toxin (CT), sialidase, hemolysin A, flagellins (B, C, and D), and peptides mimicking lipopolysaccharide O-antigen on a flagellin B backbone. Mice and rabbits immunized intramuscularly with this polyvalent protein immunogen developed antibodies to all of the virulence factors targeted by the immunogen except lipopolysaccharide. Mouse and rabbit antibodies exhibited functional activities against CT enterotoxicity, CT binding to GM1 ganglioside, bacterial motility, and in vitro adherence of V. cholerae O1, O139, and non-O1/non-O139 serogroup strains. When challenged orogastrically with V. cholerae O1 El Tor N16961 or a non-O1/non-O139 strain, rabbits IM immunized with the immunogen showed a 2-log (99%) reduction in V. cholerae colonization of small intestines. Moreover, infant rabbits born to the mother immunized with the protein immunogen acquired antibodies passively and were protected from bacterial intestinal colonization (>2-log reduction), severe diarrhea (100%), and mild diarrhea (88%) after infection with V. cholerae O1 El Tor (N16961), O1 classical (O395), O139 (Bengal), or a non-O1/non-O139 strain. This study demonstrated that this polyvalent cholera protein is broadly immunogenic and cross-protective, and an adult rabbit colonization model and an infant rabbit passive protection model fill a gap in preclinical efficacy assessment in cholera vaccine development.
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12
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Igere BE, Okoh AI, Nwodo UU. Non-serogroup O1/O139 agglutinable Vibrio cholerae: a phylogenetically and genealogically neglected yet emerging potential pathogen of clinical relevance. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:323. [PMID: 35567650 PMCID: PMC9107296 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Somatic antigen agglutinable type-1/139 Vibrio cholerae (SAAT-1/139-Vc) members or O1/O139 V. cholerae have been described by various investigators as pathogenic due to their increasing virulence potential and production of choleragen. Reported cholera outbreak cases around the world have been associated with these choleragenic V. cholerae with high case fatality affecting various human and animals. These virulent Vibrio members have shown genealogical and phylogenetic relationship with the avirulent somatic antigen non-agglutinable strains of 1/139 V. cholerae (SANAS-1/139- Vc) or O1/O139 non-agglutinating V. cholerae (O1/O139-NAG-Vc). Reports on implication of O1/O139-NAGVc members in most sporadic cholera/cholera-like cases of diarrhea, production of cholera toxin and transmission via consumption and/or contact with contaminated water/seafood are currently on the rise. Some reported sporadic cases of cholera outbreaks and observed change in nature has also been tracable to these non-agglutinable Vibrio members (O1/O139-NAGVc) yet there is a sustained paucity of research interest on the non-agglutinable V. cholerae members. The emergence of fulminating extraintestinal and systemic vibriosis is another aspect of SANAS-1/139- Vc implication which has received low attention in terms of research driven interest. This review addresses the need to appraise and continually expand research based studies on the somatic antigen non-serogroup agglutinable type-1/139 V.cholerae members which are currently prevalent in studies of water bodies, fruits/vegetables, foods and terrestrial environment. Our opinion is amassed from interest in integrated surveillance studies, management/control of cholera outbreaks as well as diarrhea and other disease-related cases both in the rural, suburban and urban metropolis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright E Igere
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Western Delta University, Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria. .,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa. .,SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.,SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.,SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
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13
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Wang G, Fan C, Wang H, Jia C, Li X, Yang J, Zhang T, Gao S, Min X, Huang J. Type VI secretion system-associated FHA domain protein TagH regulates the hemolytic activity and virulence of Vibrio cholerae. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2055440. [PMID: 35383540 PMCID: PMC8993066 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2055440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) and hemolysin HlyA are important virulence factors in Vibrio cholerae. The forkhead-associated (FHA) domain is a conserved phosphopeptide binding domain that exists in many regulatory modules. The FHA domain protein-encoding gene is conserved in the T6SS gene cluster and regulates the assembly and secretion of the T6SS. This study shows for the first time that the FHA domain protein TagH plays a role in controlling the hemolytic activity of V. cholerae, in addition to regulating the T6SS. TagH negatively regulates HlyA expression at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. The phosphopeptide binding sites of the FHA domain of TagH play a key role in the regulation of hemolytic activity. The deletion of tagH enhances the intestinal pathogenicity and extraintestinal invasion ability of V. cholerae, which mainly depend on the expression of HlyA. This study provides evidence that helps unravel the novel regulatory role of TagH in HlyA and provides critical insights which will aid in the development of strategies to manage HlyA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Chan Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Chengyi Jia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianru Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xun Min
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,CONTACT Xun Min Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Jian Huang School of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi,Guizhou, China
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Ahmed AO, Ali GA, Hassen SS, Goravey W. Vibrio albensis bacteremia: A case report and systematic review. IDCases 2022; 29:e01551. [PMID: 35845827 PMCID: PMC9283503 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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15
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Munshi M, Deb S, Malakar S, Jolvis Pou K, Chakraborty S. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Emergence, early infection rate, and deployment strategies for preventive solutions. LESSONS FROM COVID-19 2022. [PMCID: PMC9347296 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-99878-9.00017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel coronavirus commonly known as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide and triggered the current global health crisis. It mostly affects humans through the zoonotic transmission of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This chapter focuses on the various epidemics and pandemics (plague, cholera, Spanish flu, etc.) in the history of human civilization, principal component analysis (PCA) for the interpretation of COVID-19 spreading kinetics during the first wave (in the year 2020), the potential use of herbal medicines, dietary remedies, and allopathic therapy to fight COVID-19, and various preventive measures undertaken to combat the pandemic during the first wave. The numbers of confirmed, recovered, active, and deceased cases is considered for the mapping of PCA within different countries. This study can be used as an informative approach for anticipating and strategy-making against COVID-19 or some other pandemics in the ensuing times.
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16
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Zuberi Z, Sillo AJ. Antibiotic Resistance Conferred by Class 1 Integron in Vibrio Cholerae Strains: A Meta-analysis. East Afr Health Res J 2022; 6:119-126. [PMID: 36751685 PMCID: PMC9887504 DOI: 10.24248/eahrj.v6i2.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Class 1 integron is the most ubiquitous platform among antibiotic resistance bacterial populations, including Vibrio cholerae strains. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance conferred by class 1 integron conserved segments (CS); 3'-qacEΔ1 and sul1, and 5'-int1 in V. cholerae strains. Methods An intensive literature search of electronic databases for relevant studies from their starting dates up to April 2019 was conducted by two independent investigators. The electronic databases included; PubMed, Ovid Medline and Google Scholar databases. Only studies that determined antibiotic resistance conferred by class 1 integron in V. cholerae strains isolated from clinical and/or environmental samples using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay were included in this study. Results The random-effects model was selected and performed for all the studies included in this meta-analysis. Fourteen studies consisting of both qacEΔ1 and sul1, and int1 in the class 1 integron of V. cholerae strains were included. The proportions of class 1 integron 3'-CS and 5'-CS were 70.4 % (95%CI: 37.5-94.4) and 52 % (95% CI: 6.3-95.7) respectively. Conclusions The proportions of class 1 integron in V. cholerae strains significantly contributed to the antibiotic resistances, which are comparable to other gram-negative bacteria clinical isolates. Moreover, the 3'-CS qacEΔ1 and sul1 are highly involved in the antibiotic resistance in comparison to 5'-CS int1. Generally, the study findings provide a general view on antibiotic resistance conferred by class 1 integron in Vibrio cholerae strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zavuga Zuberi
- Department of Science and Laboratory Technology, Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania,Correspondence to Zavuga Zuberi ()
| | - Albert Joseph Sillo
- School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
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17
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Genotypic characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from milk, dairy products, and humans with respect to inhibitory activity of a probiotic Lactobacillus rhamenosus. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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The Intestinal Bacterial Community and Functional Potential of Litopenaeus vannamei in the Coastal Areas of China. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091793. [PMID: 34576689 PMCID: PMC8470311 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacteria are crucial for the healthy aquaculture of Litopenaeus vannamei, and the coastal areas of China are important areas for concentrated L. vannamei cultivation. In this study, we evaluated different compositions and structures, key roles, and functional potentials of the intestinal bacterial community of L. vannamei shrimp collected in 12 Chinese coastal cities and investigated the correlation between the intestinal bacteria and functional potentials. The dominant bacteria in the shrimp intestines included Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, and the main potential functions were metabolism, genetic information processing, and environmental information processing. Although the composition and structure of the intestinal bacterial community, potential pathogenic bacteria, and spoilage organisms varied from region to region, the functional potentials were homeostatic and significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with intestinal bacteria (at the family level) to different degrees. The correlation between intestinal bacteria and functional potentials further suggested that L. vannamei had sufficient functional redundancy to maintain its own health. These findings help us understand differences among the intestinal bacterial communities of L. vannamei cultivated in different regions and provide a basis for the disease management and healthy aquaculture of L. vannamei.
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Luo Y, Wang H, Liang J, Qian H, Ye J, Chen L, Yang X, Chen Z, Wang F, Octavia S, Payne M, Song X, Jiang J, Jin D, Lan R. Population Structure and Multidrug Resistance of Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae in Freshwater Rivers in Zhejiang, China. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 82:319-333. [PMID: 33410933 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To understand the environmental reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae and their public health significance, we surveyed freshwater samples from rivers in two cities (Jiaxing [JX] and Jiande [JD]) in Zhejiang, China. A total of 26 sampling locations were selected, and river water was sampled 456 times from 2015 to 2016 yielding 200 V. cholerae isolates, all of which were non-O1/non-O139. The average isolation rate was 47.3% and 39.1% in JX and JD, respectively. Antibiotic resistance profiles of the V. cholerae isolates were examined with nonsusceptibility to cefazolin (68.70%, 79/115) being most common, followed by ampicillin (47.83%, 55/115) and imipenem (27.83%, 32/115). Forty-two isolates (36.52%, 42/115) were defined as multidrug resistant (MDR). The presence of virulence genes was also determined, and the majority of the isolates were positive for toxR (198/200, 99%) and hlyA (196/200, 98%) with few other virulence genes observed. The population structure of the V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 sampled was examined using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) with 200 isolates assigned to 128 STs and 6 subpopulations. The non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae population in JX was more varied than in JD. By clonal complexes (CCs), 31 CCs that contained isolates from this study were shared with other parts of China and/or other countries, suggesting widespread presence of some non-O1/non-O139 clones. Drug resistance profiles differed between subpopulations. The findings suggest that non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae in the freshwater environment is a potential source of human infections. Routine surveillance of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae in freshwater rivers will be of importance to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Henghui Wang
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, 314050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Jiande Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 311600, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiqin Qian
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Julian Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, 314050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianqing Yang
- Jiande Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 311600, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongwen Chen
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, 314050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Jiande Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 311600, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sophie Octavia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Payne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaojun Song
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dazhi Jin
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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20
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Wu M, Zhou L, Cao L. Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing enterocolitis caused by non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae infection: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26460. [PMID: 34160447 PMCID: PMC8238361 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing enterocolitis (AHNE) is a rapidly progressive and extremely dangerous disease. Here we report a rare case caused by Vibrio cholerae (V cholerae). PATIENT CONCERNS A 70-year-old man was admitted to our emergency department because of a sudden loss of consciousness. DIAGNOSES On admission with severe toxic shock, the patient presented with elevated body temperature, decreased blood pressure, abdominal tenderness and rebound pain, predominantly on the right side. Computed tomography showed swelling and thickening of the right colon and peritoneal effusion. Necrosis was found in the hepatic flexure of the colon. On the basis of these results, the patient was diagnosed with AHNE. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES After fluid resuscitation, an exploratory laparotomy was performed immediately. The procedure was successful. Despite antibiotic therapy, the patient's clinical condition progressively deteriorated and he died of multi-organ failure on day 3 after admission. LESSONS AHNE is a rapidly progressive and extremely dangerous disease. Here we report a case of AHNE caused by non-O1/non-O139 V cholerae infection. The clinical features, phenotypic analyses and the presence of a panel of known virulence genes in the isolated strain are described. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of V cholerae causing severe AHNE, which is of profound pedagogical significance.
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Soleimani F, Taherkhani R, Dobaradaran S, Spitz J, Saeedi R. Molecular detection of E. coli and Vibrio cholerae in ballast water of commercial ships: a primary study along the Persian Gulf. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:457-463. [PMID: 34150249 PMCID: PMC8172682 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ballast water is one of the most important ways for the transfer of aquatic organisms such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Vibrio cholerae. The aim of this study was to investigate Mdh gene of E. coli and the OmpW gene of Vibrio cholerae bacteria by PCR technique in the ballast water of commercial ships entering Bushehr port along the Persian Gulf. METHODS In this study, 34 samples of ballast water entered Bushehr port were studied by using culture and PCR methods to determine Mdh gene of E. coli and OmpW gene of Vibrio cholerae. Genomic DNA of bacterial strains was extracted and PCR was performed by using specific primers of E. coli and Vibrio cholerae. RESULTS The specific Mdh gene of E. coli was detected in 4 ballast water samples and the positive samples were analyzed by antisera methods for E. coli O157:H7. Results of antisera showed that there were 3 positive samples of O157:H7 serotype. The results of the PCR technique showed that the OmpW gene of Vibrio cholerae was negative for all positive culture samples. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are highly recommended to monitor other aquatic organisms in ballast water to protect the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Soleimani
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Boostan 19 Alley, Imam Khomeini Street, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Taherkhani
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Boostan 19 Alley, Imam Khomeini Street, Bushehr, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, Essen, Germany
| | - Jörg Spitz
- Akademie für menschliche Medizin GmbH, Krauskopfallee 27, 65388 Schlangenbad, Germany
| | - Reza Saeedi
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health, Safety and Environment, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nasreen T, Hussain NAS, Islam MT, Orata FD, Kirchberger PC, Case RJ, Alam M, Yanow SK, Boucher YF. Simultaneous Quantification of Vibrio metoecus and Vibrio cholerae with Its O1 Serogroup and Toxigenic Subpopulations in Environmental Reservoirs. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121053. [PMID: 33339261 PMCID: PMC7766680 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio metoecus is a recently described aquatic bacterium and opportunistic pathogen, closely related to and often coexisting with Vibrio cholerae. To study the relative abundance and population dynamics of both species in aquatic environments of cholera-endemic and cholera-free regions, we developed a multiplex qPCR assay allowing simultaneous quantification of total V. metoecus and V. cholerae (including toxigenic and O1 serogroup) cells. The presence of V. metoecus was restricted to samples from regions that are not endemic for cholera, where it was found at 20% of the abundance of V. cholerae. In this environment, non-toxigenic O1 serogroup V. cholerae represents almost one-fifth of the total V. cholerae population. In contrast, toxigenic O1 serogroup V. cholerae was also present in low abundance on the coast of cholera-endemic regions, but sustained in relatively high proportions throughout the year in inland waters. The majority of cells from both Vibrio species were recovered from particles rather than free-living, indicating a potential preference for attached versus planktonic lifestyles. This research further elucidates the population dynamics underpinning V. cholerae and its closest relative in cholera-endemic and non-endemic regions through culture-independent quantification from environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Nasreen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; (T.N.); (N.A.S.H.); (M.T.I.); (F.D.O.); (R.J.C.)
| | - Nora A. S. Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; (T.N.); (N.A.S.H.); (M.T.I.); (F.D.O.); (R.J.C.)
| | - Mohammad Tarequl Islam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; (T.N.); (N.A.S.H.); (M.T.I.); (F.D.O.); (R.J.C.)
| | - Fabini D. Orata
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; (T.N.); (N.A.S.H.); (M.T.I.); (F.D.O.); (R.J.C.)
| | - Paul C. Kirchberger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Rebecca J. Case
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; (T.N.); (N.A.S.H.); (M.T.I.); (F.D.O.); (R.J.C.)
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Munirul Alam
- Centre for Communicable Diseases, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Stephanie K. Yanow
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada;
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Yann F. Boucher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; (T.N.); (N.A.S.H.); (M.T.I.); (F.D.O.); (R.J.C.)
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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23
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Pengsuk C, Wangman P, Chaivisuthangkura P, Sithigorngul P, Longyant S. Nanogold‐based immunochromatographic strip test for rapid detection of clinical and environmental strains of
Vibrio cholerae. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chalinan Pengsuk
- Faculty of Agricultural Product Innovation and Technology Srinakharinwirot University Nakhon Nayok Thailand
| | - Pradit Wangman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Animal, Plant and Parasite Biotechnology Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Parin Chaivisuthangkura
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Animal, Plant and Parasite Biotechnology Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Paisarn Sithigorngul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Animal, Plant and Parasite Biotechnology Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Siwaporn Longyant
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Animal, Plant and Parasite Biotechnology Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand
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Fu H, Yu P, Liang W, Kan B, Peng X, Chen L. Virulence, Resistance, and Genomic Fingerprint Traits of Vibrio cholerae Isolated from 12 Species of Aquatic Products in Shanghai, China. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:1526-1539. [PMID: 33156741 PMCID: PMC7757592 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a waterborne bacterium and can cause epidemic cholera disease worldwide. Continuous monitoring of V. cholerae contamination in aquatic products is imperative for assuring food safety. In this study, we determined virulence, antimicrobial susceptibility, heavy metal tolerance, and genomic fingerprints of 370 V. cholerae isolates recovered from 12 species of commonly consumed aquatic products collected from July to September of 2018 in Shanghai, China. Among the species, Leiocassis longirostris, Ictalurus punetaus, Ophiocephalus argus Cantor, and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were for the first time detected for V. cholerae. Toxin genes ctxAB, tcpA, ace, and zot were absent from all the V. cholerae isolates. However, high occurrence of virulence-associated genes was detected, such as hapA (82.7%), hlyA (81.4%), rtxCABD (81.4%, 24.3%, 80.3%, and 80.8%, respectively), and tlh (80.5%). Approximately 62.2% of the 370 V. cholerae isolates exhibited resistance to streptomycin, followed by ampicillin (60.3%), rifampicin (53.8%), trimethoprim (38.4%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (37.0%). Moreover, ∼57.6% of the isolates showed multidrug resistant phenotypes with 57 resistance profiles, which was significantly different among the 12 species (multiple antimicrobial resistance index, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, high incidence of tolerance to heavy metals Hg2+ (69.5%), Ni2+ (32.4%), and Cd2+ (30.8%) was observed among the isolates. The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR)-based fingerprinting profiles classified the 370 V. cholerae isolates into 239 different ERIC-genotypes, which demonstrated diverse genomic variation among the isolates. Overall, the results in this study meet the increasing need of food safety risk assessment of aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Liang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Kan
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Peng
- Archaea Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lanming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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25
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Sousa FBM, Nolêto IRSG, Chaves LS, Pacheco G, Oliveira AP, Fonseca MMV, Medeiros JVR. A comprehensive review of therapeutic approaches available for the treatment of cholera. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1715-1731. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The oral rehydration solution is the most efficient method to treat cholera; however, it does not interfere in the action mechanism of the main virulence factor produced by Vibrio cholerae, the cholera toxin (CT), and this disease still stands out as a problem for human health worldwide. This review aimed to describe therapeutic alternatives available in the literature, especially those related to the search for molecules acting upon the physiopathology of cholera.
Key findings
New molecules have offered a protection effect against diarrhoea induced by CT or even by infection from V. cholerae. The receptor regulator cystic fibrosis channel transmembrane (CFTR), monosialoganglioside (GM1), enkephalinase, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibitors of expression of virulence factors and activators of ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase are the main therapeutic targets studied. Many of these molecules or extracts still present unclear action mechanisms.
Conclusions
Knowing therapeutic alternatives and their molecular mechanisms for the treatment of cholera could guide us to develop a new drug that could be used in combination with the rehydration solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca B M Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Isabela R S G Nolêto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Leticia S Chaves
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Pacheco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Ana P Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Mikhail M V Fonseca
- Institute of Higher Education of Vale do Parnaíba (IESVAP), Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Jand V R Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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Danso EK, Asare P, Otchere ID, Akyeh LM, Asante-Poku A, Aboagye SY, Osei-Wusu S, Opare D, Ntoumi F, Zumla A, Duodu S, Yeboah-Manu D. A molecular and epidemiological study of Vibrio cholerae isolates from cholera outbreaks in southern Ghana. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236016. [PMID: 32649692 PMCID: PMC7351161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholera remains a major global public health threat and continuous emergence of new Vibrio cholerae strains is of major concern. We conducted a molecular epidemiological study to detect virulence markers and antimicrobial resistance patterns of V. cholerae isolates obtained from the 2012–2015 cholera outbreaks in Ghana. Archived clinical isolates obtained from the 2012, 2014 and 2015 cholera outbreaks in Ghana were revived by culture and subjected to microscopy, biochemical identification, serotyping, antibiotic susceptibility testing, molecular detection of distinct virulence factors and Multi-Locus Variable-Number of Tandem-Repeat Analysis (MLVA). Of 277 isolates analysed, 168 (60.6%) were confirmed to be V. cholerae and 109 (39.4%) isolates constituted other bacteria (Escherichia coli, Aeromonas sobria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae and Enterococci faecalis). Serotyping the V. cholerae isolates identified 151 (89.9%) as Ogawa, 3 (1.8%) as Inaba and 14 (8.3%) as non-O1/O139 serogroup. The O1 serogroup isolates (154/168, 91.7%) carried the cholera toxin ctxB gene as detected by PCR. Additional virulence genes detected include zot, tcpA, ace, rtxC, toxR, rtxA, tcpP, hlyA and tagA. The most common and rare virulence factors detected among the isolates were rtxC (165 isolates) and tcpP (50 isolates) respectively. All isolates from 2014 and 2015 were multidrug resistant against the selected antibiotics. MLVA differentiated the isolates into 2 large unique clones A and B, with each predominating in a particular year. Spatial analysis showed clustering of most isolates at Ablekuma sub-district. Identification of several virulence genes among the two different genotypes of V. cholerae isolates and resistance to first- and second-line antibiotics, calls for scaleup of preventive strategies to reduce transmission, and strengthening of public health laboratories for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing to guide accurate treatment. Our findings support the current WHO licensed cholera vaccines which include both O1 Inaba and Ogawa serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelia Konadu Danso
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana Legon, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Prince Asare
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Isaac Darko Otchere
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lorenzo Moses Akyeh
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Adwoa Asante-Poku
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Yaw Aboagye
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Stephen Osei-Wusu
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - David Opare
- National Public Health and Reference Laboratory, Accra, Ghana
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Université Marien NGouabi, Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Brazzaville, Congo
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Duodu
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana Legon, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana Legon, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- * E-mail:
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Irenge LM, Ambroise J, Mitangala PN, Bearzatto B, Kabangwa RKS, Durant JF, Gala JL. Genomic analysis of pathogenic isolates of Vibrio cholerae from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (2014-2017). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007642. [PMID: 32310947 PMCID: PMC7192507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past recent years, Vibrio cholerae has been associated with outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa, notably in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This study aimed to determine the genetic relatedness of isolates responsible for cholera outbreaks in eastern DRC between 2014 and 2017, and their potential spread to bordering countries. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Phenotypic analysis and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were carried out on 78 clinical isolates of V. cholerae associated with cholera in eastern provinces of DRC between 2014 and 2017. SNP-based phylogenomic data show that most isolates (73/78) were V. cholerae O1 biotype El Tor with CTX-3 type prophage. They fell within the third transmission wave of the current seventh pandemic El Tor (7PET) lineage and were contained in the introduction event (T)10 in East Africa. These isolates clustered in two sub-clades corresponding to Multiple Locus Sequence Types (MLST) profiles ST69 and the newly assigned ST515, the latter displaying a higher genetic diversity. Both sub-clades showed a distinct geographic clustering, with ST69 isolates mostly restricted to Lake Tanganyika basin and phylogenetically related to V. cholerae isolates associated with cholera outbreaks in western Tanzania, whereas ST515 isolates were disseminated along the Albertine Rift and closely related to isolates in South Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania and Zambia. Other V. cholerae isolates (5/78) were non-O1/non-O139 without any CTX prophage and no phylogenetic relationship with already characterized non-O1/non-O139 isolates. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Current data confirm the association of both DRC O1 7PET (T)10 sub-clades ST69 and ST515 with recurrent outbreaks in eastern DRC and at regional level over the past 10 years. Interestingly, while ST69 is predominantly a locally endemic sequence type, ST515 became adaptable enough to expand across DRC neighboring countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid M. Irenge
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Defence Laboratories Department, ACOS Ops&Trg, Belgian Armed Forces, Peutie, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Ambroise
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Bertrand Bearzatto
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Jean-François Durant
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Gala
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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28
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Morita D, Takahashi E, Morita M, Ohnishi M, Mizuno T, Miyoshi SI, Dutta D, Ramamurthy T, Chowdhury G, Mukhopadhyay AK, Okamoto K. Genomic characterization of antibiotic resistance-encoding genes in clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains from Kolkata, India: generation of novel types of genomic islands containing plural antibiotic resistance genes. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:435-444. [PMID: 32222116 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Non-O1/non-O139 nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae associated with cholera-like diarrhea has been reported in Kolkata, India. However, the property involved in the pathogenicity of these strains has remained unclear. The character of 25 non-O1/non-O139 nontoxigenic V. cholerae isolated during 8 years from 2007 to 2014 in Kolkata was examined. Determination of the serogroup showed that the serogroups O6, O10, O35, O36, O39, and O70 were represented by two strains in each serogroup, and the remaining isolates belonged to different serogroups. To clarify the character of antibiotic resistance of these isolates, an antibiotic resistance test and the gene analysis were performed. According to antimicrobial drug susceptibility testing, 13 strains were classified as drug resistant. Among them, 10 strains were quinolone resistant and 6 of the 13 strains were resistant to more than three antibiotics. To define the genetic background of the antibiotic character of these strains, whole-genome sequences of these strains were determined. From the analysis of these sequences, it becomes clear that all quinolone resistance isolates have mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions. Further research on the genome sequence showed that four strains possess Class 1 integrons in their genomes, and that three of the four integrons are found to be located in their genomic islands. These genomic islands are novel types. This indicates that various integrons containing drug resistance genes are spreading among V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains through the action of newly generated genomic islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Morita
- Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, Okayama University, Kolkata, India
| | - Eizo Takahashi
- Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, Okayama University, Kolkata, India
| | - Masatomo Morita
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamaki Mizuno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Devarati Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Thandavarayan Ramamurthy
- Center for Human Microbial Ecology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Asish K Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Keinosuke Okamoto
- Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, Okayama University, Kolkata, India
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Arteaga M, Velasco J, Rodriguez S, Vidal M, Arellano C, Silva F, Carreño LJ, Vidal R, Montero DA. Genomic characterization of the non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strain that caused a gastroenteritis outbreak in Santiago, Chile, 2018. Microb Genom 2020; 6:e000340. [PMID: 32100707 PMCID: PMC7200058 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a human pathogen, which is transmitted by the consumption of contaminated food or water. V. cholerae strains belonging to the serogroups O1 and O139 can cause cholera outbreaks and epidemics, a severe life-threatening diarrheal disease. In contrast, serogroups other than O1 and O139, denominated as non-O1/non-O139, have been mainly associated with sporadic cases of moderate or mild diarrhea, bacteremia and wound infections. Here we investigated the virulence determinants and phylogenetic origin of a non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae strain that caused a gastroenteritis outbreak in Santiago, Chile, 2018. We found that this outbreak strain lacks the classical virulence genes harboured by O1 and O139 strains, including the cholera toxin (CT) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP). However, this strain carries genomic islands (GIs) encoding Type III and Type VI secretion systems (T3SS/T6SS) and antibiotic resistance genes. Moreover, we found these GIs are wide distributed among several lineages of non-O1/non-O139 strains. Our results suggest that the acquisition of these GIs may enhance the virulence of non-O1/non-O139 strains that lack the CT and TCP-encoding genes. Our results highlight the pathogenic potential of these V. cholerae strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Arteaga
- Servicio de Urgencia Infantil, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile “Dr. José Joaquín Aguirre”, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juliana Velasco
- Servicio de Urgencia Infantil, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile “Dr. José Joaquín Aguirre”, Santiago, Chile
| | - Shelly Rodriguez
- Servicio de Urgencia Infantil, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile “Dr. José Joaquín Aguirre”, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maricel Vidal
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública Ambiental y Laboral, Secretaría Regional Ministerial de Salud Región Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Arellano
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Silva
- Servicio de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile “Dr. José Joaquín Aguirre”, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leandro J. Carreño
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Vidal
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David A. Montero
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Chatterjee P, Kanungo S, Bhattacharya SK, Dutta S. Mapping cholera outbreaks and antibiotic resistant Vibrio cholerae in India: An assessment of existing data and a scoping review of the literature. Vaccine 2019; 38 Suppl 1:A93-A104. [PMID: 31883807 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although fluid and electrolyte replenishment remains the mainstay of clinical management of cholera, antibiotics are an important component of the strategy for clinical management of moderate to severe cases of cholera. The emergence of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in Vibrio cholerae has led to difficulties in case management. The past decade has also seen the development of cheap and effective oral cholera vaccines (OCVs). In addition to the two-dose strategy for widespread immunization, OCVs have also been shown to be effective in containing outbreaks using a single-dose schedule. In this scoping review we map the states and union territories (SUTs) of India which are prone to cholera outbreaks followed by a scoping review of peer-reviewed publications about ABR outbreaks of cholera employing the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Using the data reported by the Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP), we identified 559 outbreaks of cholera between 2009 and 2017, affecting 27 SUTs. We defined SUTs which had reported outbreaks in at least three out of the last five years (2012-2016) or had experienced two or more outbreaks in the same year in at least two of the last five years to be outbreak-prone. The scoping review identified 62 ABR outbreaks, with four SUTs accounting for two-thirds of them: West Bengal (14), Maharashtra (10), Odisha (10) and Delhi (7). Overall, this scoping review suggests that there is an increasing trend of ABR in Vibrio cholerae isolated from outbreaks in India. This opens up avenues for exploring the role of antibiotic stewardship in the clinical management of diarrhea, the institution of vaccination as an infection prevention intervention to reduce selection pressure, and the deployment of high quality surveillance systems which report accurate, real-time data allowing appropriate and timely public health responses. It is crucial to counter the issue of ABR in cholera before it assumes a menacing magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab Chatterjee
- Division of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.
| | - Suman Kanungo
- Division of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.
| | | | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, India
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Volpe E, Mandrioli L, Errani F, Serratore P, Zavatta E, Rigillo A, Ciulli S. Evidence of fish and human pathogens associated with doctor fish (Garra rufa, Heckel, 1843) used for cosmetic treatment. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:1637-1644. [PMID: 31578759 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Doctor fish (Garra rufa, Heckel, 1843) are increasingly used for cosmetic treatment raising particular concerns regarding the potential transmission of infections to clients. Investigations of microbial causes undertaken in two outbreaks of mortality among G. rufa used for cosmetic treatment revealed the presence of multiple bacteria, including both fish and human pathogens such as Aeromonas veronii, A. hydrophila, Vibrio cholerae, Shewanella putrefaciens, Mycobacterium marinum and M. goodii. This range of bacteria indicates an intense microbial proliferation involving multiple pathogens, most likely induced by the poor health condition of the fish. Most of the detected pathogens are well-known agents of zoonosis. Indeed, M. goodii is an emerging nosocomial human pathogen that has never been detected in fish to date, nor in other animals. This first detection of M. goodii associated with fish infection points out a new zoonotic potential for this pathogen. These findings point out that handling, poor environmental conditions and the presence of fish pathogens, that can compromise the immune system of fish, can result in a mixed microbial proliferation and increase the spread of waterborne bacteria, including zoonosis agents. Accordingly, the microbiological surveillance of fish used for cosmetic treatment is extremely important, particularly in association with mortality outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Volpe
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesenatico, Italy
| | - Luciana Mandrioli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Serratore
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesenatico, Italy
| | - Emanuele Zavatta
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesenatico, Italy
| | - Antonella Rigillo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Sara Ciulli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesenatico, Italy
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AMICIZIA D, MICALE R, PENNATI B, ZANGRILLO F, IOVINE M, LECINI E, MARCHINI F, LAI P, PANATTO D. Burden of typhoid fever and cholera: similarities and differences. Prevention strategies for European travelers to endemic/epidemic areas. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2019; 60:E271-E285. [PMID: 31967084 PMCID: PMC6953460 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2019.60.4.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The burden of diarrheal diseases is very high, accounting for 1.7 to 5 billion cases per year worldwide. Typhoid fever (TF) and cholera are potentially life-threatening infectious diseases, and are mainly transmitted through the consumption of food, drink or water that have been contaminated by the feces or urine of subjects excreting the pathogen. TF is mainly caused by Salmonella typhi, whereas cholera is caused by intestinal infection by the toxin-producing bacterium Vibrio cholerae. These diseases typically affect low- and middle-income countries where housing is overcrowded and water and sanitation are poor, or where conflicts or natural disasters have led to the collapse of the water, sanitation and healthcare systems. Mortality is higher in children under 5 years of age. Regarding their geographical distribution, TF has a high incidence in sub-Saharan Africa, India and south-east Asia, while cholera has a high incidence in a few African countries, particularly in the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. In the fight against these diseases, preventive measures are fundamental. With modern air travel, transmissible diseases can spread across continents and oceans in a few days, constituting a threat to global public health. Nowadays, people travel for many reasons, such as tourism and business. Several surveys have shown that a high proportion of travelers lack adequate information on safety issues, such as timely vaccination and prophylactic medications. The main objective of this overview is to provide information to help European travelers to stay healthy while abroad, and thus also to reduce the potential importation of these diseases and their consequent implications for public health and society. The preventive measures to be implemented in the case of travel to countries where these diseases are still endemic are well known: the adoption of safe practices and vaccinations. It is important to stress that an effective preventive strategy should be based both on vaccinations and on hygiene travel guidelines. Furthermore, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains is becoming a serious problem in the clinical treatment of these diseases. For this reason, vaccination is the main solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D. PANATTO
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy
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Bahroudi M, Bakhshi B, Soudi S, Najar-Peerayeh S. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells secretome against Vibrio cholerae. Microb Pathog 2019; 139:103867. [PMID: 31712121 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ability of V. cholerae to survive and spread in the aquatic environment combined with the scarcity of effective antimicrobial agents, especially those effective against multidrug-resistant strains highlights the need for alternative non-antibiotic approaches for the treatment of V. cholerae infections. The aim of this study was to specifically examine the potential direct effect of unstimulated MSC secretome on V. cholerae killing and biofilm formation as a representative of non-invasive enteric bacterial pathogen. The bmMSCs were characterized by the presence of CD44 and CD73 and the absence of CD45 and CD34 molecular markers. Moreover, self-regeneration and differentiation capacity of MSCs into adipocytes and osteogenic lineages was assessed by immunohistology (IHC) method. The antibacterial activity of unstimulated MSCs supernatant against V. cholerae in broth microdilution assay decreased the bacterial suspension from 108 CFU/ml to 107 CFU/ml and showed a significant antimicrobial activity in a dose-dependent manner at dilutions of 1:8 to 1:128 (P < 0.05). The role of MSC secretome without preconditioning in the prevention of biofilm formation was assessed through plate-crystal violet assay and showed high antibiofilm activity against V. cholerae also in dose-dependent manner. As antibacterial mechanisms of MSC secretome are different from conventional antibiotics, together with its antibiofilm activity, proposes its application as a novel therapeutic approach combatting multi-drug resistant pathogens with no fear of developing antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboube Bahroudi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Bakhshi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Najar-Peerayeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Zeb S, Shah MA, Yasir M, Awan HM, Prommeenate P, Klanchui A, Wren BW, Thomson N, Bokhari H. Type III secretion system confers enhanced virulence in clinical non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae. Microb Pathog 2019; 135:103645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ray A, Sarkar K, Haldar P, Ghosh R. Oral cholera vaccine delivery strategy in India: Routine or campaign?-A scoping review. Vaccine 2019; 38 Suppl 1:A184-A193. [PMID: 31377080 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) has been recognized as an adjunct tool for prevention and control of cholera. However, policy directions are currently unavailable in India to guide the vaccine delivery. We conducted a scoping review to inform the policy about the scopes and challenges of different strategic choices of OCV delivery in India in light of current evidences, highlighting the scope of new research. METHODS Adopting the Arksey and O'Malley Framework for review, we searched for literatures on "efficacy", "effectiveness", and "cost" of oral cholera vaccine delivery through different strategies in Pubmed and Scopus. RESULTS We found that the protective efficacy of OCV depends on its coverage. Evidence on effectiveness of OCV are available for both reactive and pre-vaccination campaigns. Reactive high-risk vaccination is more effective than reactive ring and mass vaccination. Pre-vaccination campaigns are more effective than reactive vaccination when vaccine availability is adequate. Pre-vaccination through school campaigns in 1-14 years age group have been cost effective in India. Vaccination campaigns in under-5 children are also cost effective in spite of low efficacy due to the scope of averting a higher number of cases. However, no evidence is available regarding efficacy and effectiveness of OCV in children <1 year as well as the effectiveness of delivering OCV through routine immunization. CONCLUSION Little evidence exist to depict mass-campaign as more economic and effective than routine expanded programme on immunization (EPI) session for delivery of OCV. Considering operational feasibility, it needs to be explored whether OCV delivery strategy is compatible with India's current EPI, if it can be introduced in routine immunization at measles containing vaccine age-schedule, optionally preceded by a campaign in targeted hot-spots in the 1-14 year age-group. Safety and efficacy data of OCV during infancy as well as hot-spot surveillance are pre-requisites for formulation of such EPI policy.
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Detection of Cholera Toxin-Producing Vibrio cholerae in Phytoplankton from Santubong and Samariang Estuaries. BORNEO JOURNAL OF RESOURCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.1584.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cholera outbreaks worldwide were associated with cholera toxin-producing Vibrio cholerae. The bacteria are ubiquitous in aquatic environment, whilst phytoplankton is associated with adaptation of the Vibrio species. This study was conducted to detect cholera toxin-producing Vibrio cholerae, and to determine association of the selected water physicochemical parameters with the number of the bacteria. In this study, a total of ten phytoplankton samples were collected at Santubong and Samariang Estuaries in Kuching, Sarawak. Water physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH and salinity) were recorded. Vibrio bacteria were cultivated on thiosulfate citrate bile-salts sucrose selective agar and analysed for cholera toxin-producing Vibrio cholerae using polymerase chain reaction by targeting ctxA gene that encodes for virulence cholera enterotoxin subunit A. The result revealed that a range of 1.0 × 107 – 8.0 × 107 CFU/ml of yellow colonies growing on the thiosulfate citrate bile-salts sucrose agars. Inversely, no samples were positive with cholera toxin-producing Vibrio cholerae. The physicochemical parameters at Samariang Estuary were more associated with the number of bacteria in the samples compared to Santubong Estuary.
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Fu S, Hao J, Jin S, Wu K, Wang Y, Ye S, Liu Y, Li R. A Human Intestinal Infection Caused by a Novel Non-O1/O139 Vibrio cholerae Genotype and Its Dissemination Along the River. Front Public Health 2019; 7:100. [PMID: 31069211 PMCID: PMC6491804 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-O1/O139 Vibrio cholerae is increasingly reported in the clinical settings. However, intestinal infections via the consumption of non-O1/O139 V. cholerae-carrying seafood are rarely documented in China. In this study, we reported a case of mild watery diarrhea in a young male, caused by non-O1/O139 V. cholerae in the downstream of Liaohe River. Epidemiological investigation showed that this intestinal infection potentially associated with the raw consumption of mollusc. Prior to this finding, we conducted a 6-month pathogen surveillance of three locations along the Liaohe River and identified three environmental non-O1/O139 V. cholerae strains. To confirm the epidemiological links between clinical and environmental strains, high-resolution genomic typing was employed and revealed that V. cholerae isolated from human stool sample was genomically related to the one found in local mollusc and shared a common ancestor with other environmental strains obtained in the upstream sites of the Liaohe River. This fact suggests that the river is a natural reservoir for non-O1/O139 V. cholerae which poses a potential threat to the public health. In summary, our results deepened the insights on the transmission of non-pandemic V. cholerae strains and underscored the significance of genomic surveillance for drinking water along the river sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songzhe Fu
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingwei Hao
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Shibo Jin
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Kui Wu
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Shigen Ye
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruijun Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
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Li X, Yang H, Gao X, Zhang H, Chen N, Miao Z, Liu X, Zhang X. The pathogenicity characterization of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae and its activation on immune system in freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:507-514. [PMID: 30711493 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of mass mortalities among cultured Macrobrachium nipponense occurred in a commercial hatchery during the autumn of 2017 in Jiangsu province, P. R. China, and non-O1 Vibrio cholerae was isolated and identified as causal agents of M. nipponense, with a LD50 value 4.09 × 104 CFU/mL. Detection of virulence-associated genes by PCR indicated that XL1 was positive for Mp, HlyA, RtxA, OmpU, Ace, Zot and T6SS. Furthermore, the results of extracellular enzyme analysis revealed that the strain can produce lecithinase, amylase, gelatinase and hemolysin. Histopathological analysis revealed that the hepatic tubule lumen and the gap between the hepatic tubules became larger, and the brush border disappeared in the hepatopancreas. Quantitive real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was undertaken to measure mRNA expression levels for thirteen immune related genes in M. nipponense after non-O1 V. cholerae infection. The transcriptional analysis of these immune related genes demonstrated that the expression levels of dorsal, relish, p38, crustin1, crustin2, crustin3, hemocyanin, i-lysozyme, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors 1, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors 2, prophenoloxidase were significantly up-regulated in hemolymph of M. nipponense post-infection. These results revealed varying expression profiles and clear transcriptional activation of these immune related genes in hemolymph, which will contribute to better understand the pathogenesis and host defensive system in non-O1 V. cholerae invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Nan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhen Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Ballal M, Shetty V, Bangera SR, Mukhopadhyay A, Chowdhury G, Samanta P, Prabhu A, Anusha HC. Vibrio cholerae O6 gastroenteritis in a patient with lupus nephritis - a report from coastal Karnataka, South India. JMM Case Rep 2019; 6:e005171. [PMID: 30863548 PMCID: PMC6412036 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vibrio cholerae O1 strains are responsible for pandemics of cholera and major epidemics in the world. All the remaining V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains are less virulent and are responsible for sporadic cases of gastroenteritis. These non-O1/non-O139 serogroups have more than 200 somatic antigens, and mostly lack cholera toxin and toxin co-regulated pilus encoding genes. Toxigenic and non-toxigenic non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae have caused several diarrhoeal outbreaks in India and other countries. Acute gastroenteritis is the typical clinical sign and symptom of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae infection for both periodical and outbreak cases; in contrast, these V. cholerae are rarely associated with extraintestinal infections. Case presentation Here, we present a case of a 27-year-old female with underlying kidney disease (lupus nephritis) presenting with loose stools, vomiting and fever. V. cholerae O6 was isolated from a faecal sample, which was positive for hlyA and the type III secretion system. The present case is, to the best of our knowledge, the first such case to be reported from South India. Conclusion The V. cholerae O6 associated with autoimmune disease in the present study demonstrates the role of this pathogen in acute gastroenteritis, and if it is left undiagnosed it can lead to septicaemia and other complications. The pathogenic mechanisms of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae are multivariate, virulence factors being naturally present in these strains. Therefore, further epidemiological studies are necessary to determine the virulence factors and their pathogenic mechanisms. Non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae can undoubtedly be the cause of diarrhoea and it would be important to extend bacteriological identification in this line as well as in all cases of gastroenteritis of unknown aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Ballal
- Enteric Diseases Division, Central Research Lab, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vignesh Shetty
- Enteric Diseases Division, Central Research Lab, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sohan Rodney Bangera
- Enteric Diseases Division, Central Research Lab, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Asish Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Prosenjit Samanta
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Akshata Prabhu
- Enteric Diseases Division, Central Research Lab, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - H C Anusha
- Enteric Diseases Division, Central Research Lab, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Awasthi SP, Chowdhury N, Neogi SB, Hinenoya A, Hatanaka N, Chowdhury G, Ramamurthy T, Yamasaki S. Development of a multiplex PCR assay for the detection of major virulence genes in Vibrio cholerae including non-O1 and non-O139 serogroups. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 157:54-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Miller KA, Tomberlin KF, Dziejman M. Vibrio variations on a type three theme. Curr Opin Microbiol 2019; 47:66-73. [PMID: 30711745 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that Type 3 Secretion Systems (T3SS) are widespread among Vibrio species, and are present in strains isolated from diverse sources such as human clinical infections, environmental reservoirs, and diseased marine life. Experiments evaluating Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae T3SS mediated virulence suggest that Vibrio T3SS pathogenicity islands have a tripartite composition. A conserved 'core' region encodes functions essential for colonization and disease in vivo, including modulation of innate immune signaling pathways and actin dynamics, whereas regions flanking core sequences are variable among strains and encode effector proteins performing a diverse array of activities. Characterizing novel functions associated with Vibrio-specific effectors is, therefore, essential for understanding how vibrios employ T3SS mechanisms to cause disease in a broad range of hosts and how T3SS island composition potentially defines species-specific disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Katharine F Tomberlin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Michelle Dziejman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
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Nag D, Mitchell K, Breen P, Withey JH. Quantifying Vibrio cholerae Colonization and Diarrhea in the Adult Zebrafish Model. J Vis Exp 2018:57767. [PMID: 30059022 PMCID: PMC6126457 DOI: 10.3791/57767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is best known as the infectious agent that causes the human disease cholera. Outside the human host, V. cholerae primarily exists in the aquatic environment, where it interacts with a variety of higher aquatic species. Vertebrate fish are known to be an environmental host and are a potential V. cholerae reservoir in nature. Both V. cholerae and the teleost fish species Danio rerio, commonly known as zebrafish, originate from the Indian subcontinent, suggesting a long-standing interaction in aquatic environments. Zebrafish are an ideal model organism for studying many aspects of biology, including infectious diseases. Zebrafish can be easily and rapidly colonized by V. cholerae after exposure in water. Intestinal colonization by V. cholerae leads to the production of diarrhea and the excretion of replicated V. cholerae. These excreted bacteria can then go on to colonize new fish hosts. Here, we demonstrate how to assess V. cholerae-intestinal colonization in zebrafish and how to quantify V. cholerae-induced zebrafish diarrhea. The colonization model should be useful to researchers who are studying whether genes of interest may be important for host colonization and/or for environmental survival. The quantification of zebrafish diarrhea should be useful to researchers studying any intestinal pathogen who are interested in exploring zebrafish as a model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrubajyoti Nag
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine
| | - Kristie Mitchell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine
| | - Paul Breen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine
| | - Jeffrey H Withey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine;
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Laviad-Shitrit S, Izhaki I, Arakawa E, Halpern M. Wild waterfowl as potential vectors of Vibrio cholerae and Aeromonas species. Trop Med Int Health 2018; 23:758-764. [PMID: 29733476 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the hypothesis that migratory waterfowl are possible disseminators of Vibrio cholerae and Aeromonas. METHODS We monitored the presence of V. cholerae and Aeromonas in three wild waterfowl species. RESULTS V. cholerae and Aeromonas species were isolated and identified from intestine samples of little egrets and black-crowned night herons. Only Aeromonas species were isolated from black-headed gulls. The majority of Aeromonas isolates were A. veronii. Twenty-three V. cholerae serogroups were identified. V. cholerae serogroup O1 was found in the intestine DNA extractions from four little egrets and black-crowned night herons; six birds carried cholera toxin subunit A gene. CONCLUSION Wild waterfowl species may carry pathogenic V. cholerae O1 and non-O1 serogroups and Aeromonas species in their intestine. The migration of waterfowl is a potential mechanism for global distribution of V. cholerae and Aeromonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Laviad-Shitrit
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ido Izhaki
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eiji Arakawa
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Malka Halpern
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Biology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Tivon, Israel
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Ferdous J, Sultana R, Rashid RB, Tasnimuzzaman M, Nordland A, Begum A, Jensen PKM. A Comparative Analysis of Vibrio cholerae Contamination in Point-of-Drinking and Source Water in a Low-Income Urban Community, Bangladesh. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:489. [PMID: 29616005 PMCID: PMC5867346 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bangladesh is a cholera endemic country with a population at high risk of cholera. Toxigenic and non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) can cause cholera and cholera-like diarrheal illness and outbreaks. Drinking water is one of the primary routes of cholera transmission in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the presence of V. cholerae between point-of-drinking water and source water, and to investigate the variability of virulence profile using molecular methods of a densely populated low-income settlement of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Water samples were collected and tested for V. cholerae from "point-of-drinking" and "source" in 477 study households in routine visits at 6 week intervals over a period of 14 months. We studied the virulence profiles of V. cholerae positive water samples using 22 different virulence gene markers present in toxigenic O1/O139 and non-O1/O139 V. cholerae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 1,463 water samples were collected, with 1,082 samples from point-of-drinking water in 388 households and 381 samples from 66 water sources. V. cholerae was detected in 10% of point-of-drinking water samples and in 9% of source water samples. Twenty-three percent of households and 38% of the sources were positive for V. cholerae in at least one visit. Samples collected from point-of-drinking and linked sources in a 7 day interval showed significantly higher odds (P < 0.05) of V. cholerae presence in point-of-drinking compared to source [OR = 17.24 (95% CI = 7.14-42.89)] water. Based on the 7 day interval data, 53% (17/32) of source water samples were negative for V. cholerae while linked point-of-drinking water samples were positive. There were significantly higher odds (p < 0.05) of the presence of V. cholerae O1 [OR = 9.13 (95% CI = 2.85-29.26)] and V. cholerae O139 [OR = 4.73 (95% CI = 1.19-18.79)] in source water samples than in point-of-drinking water samples. Contamination of water at the point-of-drinking is less likely to depend on the contamination at the water source. Hygiene education interventions and programs should focus and emphasize on water at the point-of-drinking, including repeated cleaning of drinking vessels, which is of paramount importance in preventing cholera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebeca Sultana
- Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Institute of Health Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ridwan B Rashid
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tasnimuzzaman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Andreas Nordland
- Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anowara Begum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Peter K M Jensen
- Section for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Persistent diarrhoea in a 5-month-old baby carrying Vibrio cholerae nonO1/nonO139 producing Haitian cholera toxin. New Microbes New Infect 2017; 21:72-74. [PMID: 29234496 PMCID: PMC5721208 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholera toxin (CT) is the principal virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae for fatal cholera diarrhoea. Serogroups O1 and O139 harbour CT and are known to be epidemic strains. The remaining serogroups (nonO1/nonO139) are non-toxigenic and may be associated with mild disease. O1 serogroup emerged with a variant of CT known as Haitian cholera toxin (HCT). The HCT strains are hypervirulent and have been associated with severe cholera outbreaks in India, Western Africa and Haiti. Here, we report the presence of HCT (ctxB7) in a nonO1/nonO139 isolate causing persistent diarrhoea.
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Occurrence of Virulence Genes Associated with Human Pathogenic Vibrios Isolated from Two Commercial Dusky Kob (Argyrosmus japonicus) Farms and Kareiga Estuary in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101111. [PMID: 28946684 PMCID: PMC5664612 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Seafood-borne Vibrio infections, often linked to contaminated seafood and water, are of increasing global public health concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of human pathogenic vibrios and their associated virulence genes isolated from fish and water samples from 2 commercial dusky kob farms and Kareiga estuary, South Africa. Methods: A total of 200 samples including dusky kob fish (n = 120) and seawater (n = 80) were subjected to Vibrio screening on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar (TCBS). Presumptive isolates were confirmed and delineated to V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. fluvialis by PCR. Various pathogenic gene markers were screened: V. parahaemolyticus (trh and tdh), V. vulnificus (vcgE and vcgC) and V. fluvialis (stn, vfh,hupO, vfpA). Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) of the vvhA gene of V. vulnificus strains was performed to determine the associated biotypes. Results: Total Vibrio prevalence was 59.4% (606/1020) of which V. fluvialis was the most predominant 193 (31.85%), followed by Vibrio vulnificus 74 (12.21%) and V. parahaemolyticus 33 (5.45%). No V. cholerae strain was detected. One of the V. parahaemolyticus strains possessed the trh gene 7 (9.46%) while most (91.9%; 68/74) V. vulnificus isolates were of the E-type genotype. V. fluvialis virulence genes detected were stn (13.5%), hupO (10.4%) and vfpA (1.0%). 12.16% (9/74) of V. vulnificus strains exhibited a biotype 3 RFLP pattern. Conclusions: This is the first report of potentially pathogenic vibrios from healthy marine fish in the study area, and therefore a public health concern.
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Halder M, Mookerjee S, Batabyal P, Palit A. Environmental Vibrio cholerae non O1/ non O139 from the Gangetic delta: a diarrhoeal disease purview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2017; 27:241-251. [PMID: 28574285 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2017.1332346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diarrhoea still remains an unsolved enigma in developing countries, a major concern for the health planners. We targeted the abundance and toxicity of Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 (NOVC) in Gangetic riverine-estuarine ecosystem. A total of 74 V. cholerae were isolated from 120 water samples (68 NOVC, 6 V. cholerae O1) from two sampling sites off river Ganges. V. cholerae showed distinct seasonality, with steady increase from summer to monsoon, steep ascent in post-monsoon and an abrupt decline in winter. Highest number of NOVC was isolated form Howrah, attributed to low salinity and high anthropogenic influence. Environmental NOVC harboured hlyA (94.0 %), rtxA (81.0 %) and toxR (28.0 %) genes. About 23.4 % of the hlyA harbouring NOVC showed haemolytic activity. Accessory toxin genes (tlcR, toxT, RJ and LJ and aldA), among 3-5 % of the NOVC carry significant health implications. Haemolytic activity and biofilm formation in NOVC, during unfavourable conditions, facilitates gene transfer and emphasises the role of environmental NOVC in diarrhoeal incidence in South Bengal, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumanti Halder
- a Division of Bacteriology , National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research) , Kolkata , India
| | - Subham Mookerjee
- a Division of Bacteriology , National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research) , Kolkata , India
| | - Prasenjit Batabyal
- a Division of Bacteriology , National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research) , Kolkata , India
| | - Anup Palit
- a Division of Bacteriology , National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, (Indian Council of Medical Research) , Kolkata , India
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Jiang Y, He L, Wu P, Shi X, Jiang M, Li Y, Lin Y, Qiu Y, Bai F, Liao Y, Li Q, Zhang R, Hu Q. Simultaneous Identification of Ten Bacterial Pathogens Using the Multiplex Ligation Reaction Based on the Probe Melting Curve Analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5902. [PMID: 28724932 PMCID: PMC5517457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp. and Plesiomonas shigelloides are associated with human gastroenteritis and wound infections, as well as fish diseases. The comprehensive and accurate identification of these pathogens is crucial for the current public health. The present study describes the development of a multiplex assay for the simultaneous identification of ten bacterial pathogens in a single reaction by using a multiplex ligation reaction based on probe melting curve analysis (MLMA). The specificity for target genes was 100%, as assessed with a panel of 67 bacterial pathogens, which indicated no cross-reactions. The detection limit of this assay ranged from 0.8 × 107 CFU/mL to 1.5 × 108 CFU/mL at the pure bacterial culture level and from 0.1 ng to 1.0 ng at the DNA level. The MLMA assay was used to detect ten species of pathogens in 269 clinical and seafood samples, and for further validation, the results were compared with the conventional culture method. The results indicated greater than 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity for each bacterial pathogen tested, and the kappa correlation for all the pathogens ranged from 0.95 to 1.00. Overall, this assay is well suited for public health laboratories for its high throughput, accuracy, and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Lianhua He
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Pingfang Wu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yiman Lin
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yaqun Qiu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Fang Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiqun Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qingge Li
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian Province, China
| | - RenLi Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518020, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
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Riverbed Sediments as Reservoirs of Multiple Vibrio cholerae Virulence-Associated Genes: A Potential Trigger for Cholera Outbreaks in Developing Countries. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017. [PMID: 28642796 PMCID: PMC5470021 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5646480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Africa remains the most cholera stricken continent in the world as many people lacking access to safe drinking water rely mostly on polluted rivers as their main water sources. However, studies in these countries investigating the presence of Vibrio cholerae in aquatic environments have paid little attention to bed sediments. Also, information on the presence of virulence-associated genes (VAGs) in environmental ctx-negative V. cholerae strains in this region is lacking. Thus, we investigated the presence of V. cholerae VAGs in water and riverbed sediment of the Apies River, South Africa. Altogether, 120 samples (60 water and 60 sediment samples) collected from ten sites on the river (January and February 2014) were analysed using PCR. Of the 120 samples, 37 sediment and 31 water samples were positive for at least one of the genes investigated. The haemolysin gene (hlyA) was the most isolated gene. The cholera toxin (ctxAB) and non-O1 heat-stable (stn/sto) genes were not detected. Genes were frequently detected at sites influenced by human activities. Thus, identification of V. cholerae VAGs in sediments suggests the possible presence of V. cholerae and identifies sediments of the Apies River as a reservoir for potentially pathogenic V. cholerae with possible public health implications.
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