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Nguyen TV, Ngwe Tun MM, Cao MT, Dao HM, Luong CQ, Huynh TKL, Nguyen TTT, Hoang TND, Morita K, Le TQM, Pham QD, Takamatsu Y, Hasebe F. Serological and Molecular Epidemiology of Chikungunya Virus Infection in Vietnam, 2017-2019. Viruses 2023; 15:2065. [PMID: 37896842 PMCID: PMC10611313 DOI: 10.3390/v15102065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya fever is an acute febrile illness caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Since 1965, only a few studies with limited scope have been conducted on CHIKV in Vietnam. Thus, this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and molecular epidemiology of CHIKV infection among febrile patients in Vietnam from 2017 to 2019. A total of 1063 serum samples from 31 provinces were collected and tested for anti-CHIKV IgM and IgG ELISA. The 50% focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT50) was used to confirm CHIKV-neutralizing antibodies. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to confirm the presence of the CHIKV genome. The results showed that 15.9% (169/1063) of the patients had anti-CHIKV IgM antibodies, 20.1% (214/1063) had anti-CHIKV IgG antibodies, 10.4% (111/1063) had CHIKV-neutralizing antibodies, and 27.7% (130/469) of the samples were positive in RT-qPCR analysis. The E1 CHIKV genome sequences were detected among the positive RT-qPCR samples. Our identified sequences belonged to the East/Central/South/African (ECSA) genotype, which has been prevalent in Vietnam previously, suggesting CHIKV has been maintained and is endemic in Vietnam. This study demonstrates a high prevalence of CHIKV infection in Vietnam and calls for an annual surveillance program to understand its impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Vu Nguyen
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.V.N.); (K.M.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (M.T.C.); (H.M.D.); (C.Q.L.); (T.K.L.H.); (T.T.T.N.); (T.N.D.H.); (Q.D.P.)
| | - Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.V.N.); (K.M.)
- DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Center for Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shimane University, Izumo 690-8504, Japan
| | - Minh Thang Cao
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (M.T.C.); (H.M.D.); (C.Q.L.); (T.K.L.H.); (T.T.T.N.); (T.N.D.H.); (Q.D.P.)
| | - Huy Manh Dao
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (M.T.C.); (H.M.D.); (C.Q.L.); (T.K.L.H.); (T.T.T.N.); (T.N.D.H.); (Q.D.P.)
| | - Chan Quang Luong
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (M.T.C.); (H.M.D.); (C.Q.L.); (T.K.L.H.); (T.T.T.N.); (T.N.D.H.); (Q.D.P.)
| | - Thi Kim Loan Huynh
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (M.T.C.); (H.M.D.); (C.Q.L.); (T.K.L.H.); (T.T.T.N.); (T.N.D.H.); (Q.D.P.)
| | - Thi Thanh Thuong Nguyen
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (M.T.C.); (H.M.D.); (C.Q.L.); (T.K.L.H.); (T.T.T.N.); (T.N.D.H.); (Q.D.P.)
| | - Thi Nhu Dao Hoang
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (M.T.C.); (H.M.D.); (C.Q.L.); (T.K.L.H.); (T.T.T.N.); (T.N.D.H.); (Q.D.P.)
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.V.N.); (K.M.)
- DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Thi Quynh Mai Le
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Quang Duy Pham
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (M.T.C.); (H.M.D.); (C.Q.L.); (T.K.L.H.); (T.T.T.N.); (T.N.D.H.); (Q.D.P.)
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.V.N.); (K.M.)
- DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Futoshi Hasebe
- Vietnam Research Station, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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Ngwe Tun MM, Kyaw AK, Nwe KM, Myaing SS, Win YT, Inoue S, Takamatsu Y, Urano T, Thu HM, Hmone SW, Thant KZ, Morita K. Burden of Chikungunya Virus Infection during an Outbreak in Myanmar. Viruses 2023; 15:1734. [PMID: 37632076 PMCID: PMC10459206 DOI: 10.3390/v15081734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is a re-emerging arboviral disease with no approved vaccine, although numerous options are in development. Before vaccine implementation, disease burden, affected age group, and hospitalization rate information should be documented. In 2019, a sizeable outbreak of the East Central South African genotype of CHIKV occurred in Myanmar, and during this period, a cross-sectional study was conducted in two regions, Mandalay and Yangon, to examine the molecular and seropositivity rate of the CHIKV infection. The participants (1124) included dengue-suspected pediatric patients, blood donors, and healthy volunteers, who were assessed using molecular assays (quantitative real-time RT-PCR), serological tests (anti-CHIKV IgM capture and IgG indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays), and neutralization tests. The tests confirmed the following positivity rates: 11.3% (127/1124) for the molecular assay, 12.4% (139/1124) for the anti-CHIKV IgM Ab, 44.5% (500/1124) for the anti-CHIKV IgG Ab, and 46.3% (520/1124) for the CHIKV neutralizing Ab. The highest rate for the molecular test occurred with the dengue-suspected pediatric patients. The seroprevalence rate through natural infection was higher in the healthy volunteers and blood donors than that in the pediatric patients. The results of this study will help stakeholders determine the criteria for choosing appropriate recipients when a CHIKV vaccine is introduced in Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Tropical Viral Vaccine Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (K.M.N.); (Y.T.)
- Center for Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shimane University, Izumo 690-8504, Japan;
| | - Aung Kyaw Kyaw
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Yangon 11191, Myanmar; (A.K.K.); (S.S.M.); (H.M.T.)
| | - Khine Mya Nwe
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (K.M.N.); (Y.T.)
| | - Su Su Myaing
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Yangon 11191, Myanmar; (A.K.K.); (S.S.M.); (H.M.T.)
| | - Ye Thu Win
- 550-Bedded Children Hospital (Mandalay), Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Health, Mandalay City 05021, Myanmar;
| | - Shingo Inoue
- Kenya Research Station, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (K.M.N.); (Y.T.)
| | - Takeshi Urano
- Center for Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shimane University, Izumo 690-8504, Japan;
| | - Hlaing Myat Thu
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Yangon 11191, Myanmar; (A.K.K.); (S.S.M.); (H.M.T.)
| | - Saw Wutt Hmone
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine-1, Ministry of Health, Yangon 11131, Myanmar;
| | - Kyaw Zin Thant
- Myanmar Academy of Medical Science, Yangon 11201, Myanmar;
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Tropical Viral Vaccine Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (K.M.N.); (Y.T.)
- DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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Saba Villarroel PM, Gumpangseth N, Songhong T, Yainoy S, Monteil A, Leaungwutiwong P, Missé D, Wichit S. Emerging and re-emerging zoonotic viral diseases in Southeast Asia: One Health challenge. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1141483. [PMID: 37383270 PMCID: PMC10298164 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1141483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing significant social, environmental, and economic changes in Southeast Asia (SEA) make the region highly vulnerable to the emergence and re-emergence of zoonotic viral diseases. In the last century, SEA has faced major viral outbreaks with great health and economic impact, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), arboviruses, highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV); and so far, imported cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Given the recent challenging experiences in addressing emerging zoonotic diseases, it is necessary to redouble efforts to effectively implement the "One Health" initiative in the region, which aims to strengthen the human-animal-plant-environment interface to better prevent, detect and respond to health threats while promoting sustainable development. This review provides an overview of important emerging and re-emerging zoonotic viral diseases in SEA, with emphasis on the main drivers behind their emergency, the epidemiological situation from January 2000 to October 2022, and the importance of One Health to promote improved intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint Unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Nuttamonpat Gumpangseth
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint Unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Thanaphon Songhong
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint Unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sakda Yainoy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Arnaud Monteil
- Viral Vector Joint Unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Plateforme de Vectorologie, BioCampus, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sineewanlaya Wichit
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint Unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Khongwichit S, Chansaenroj J, Chirathaworn C, Poovorawan Y. Chikungunya virus infection: molecular biology, clinical characteristics, and epidemiology in Asian countries. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:84. [PMID: 34857000 PMCID: PMC8638460 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne human pathogen that causes chikungunya fever, which is typically accompanied by severe joint pain. In Asia, serological evidence indicated that CHIKV first emerged in 1954. From the 1950’s to 2005, sporadic CHIKV infections were attributed to the Asian genotype. However, the massive outbreak of CHIKV in India and the Southwest Indian Ocean Islands in 2005 has since raised chikungunya as a worldwide public health concern. The virus is spreading globally, but mostly in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in South and Southeast Asia. The emergence of the CHIKV East/Central/South African genotype-Indian Ocean lineage (ECSA-IOL) has caused large outbreaks in South and Southeast Asia affected more than a million people over a decade. Notably, the massive CHIKV outbreaks before 2016 and the more recent outbreak in Asia were driven by distinct ECSA lineages. The first significant CHIKV ECSA strains harbored the Aedes albopictus-adaptive mutation E1: A226V. More recently, another mass CHIKV ECSA outbreak in Asia started in India and spread beyond South and Southeast Asia to Kenya and Italy. This virus lacked the E1: A226V mutation but instead harbored two novel mutations (E1: K211E and E2: V264A) in an E1: 226A background, which enhanced its fitness in Aedes aegypti. The emergence of a novel ECSA strain may lead to a more widespread geographical distribution of CHIKV in the future. This review summarizes the current CHIKV situation in Asian countries and provides a general overview of the molecular virology, disease manifestation, diagnosis, prevalence, genotype distribution, evolutionary relationships, and epidemiology of CHIKV infection in Asian countries over the past 65 years. This knowledge is essential in guiding the epidemiological study, control, prevention of future CHIKV outbreaks, and the development of new vaccines and antivirals targeting CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarawut Khongwichit
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jira Chansaenroj
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chintana Chirathaworn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Tropical Medicine Cluster, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Luvai EAC, Kyaw AK, Sabin NS, Yu F, Hmone SW, Thant KZ, Inoue S, Morita K, Ngwe Tun MM. Evidence of Chikungunya virus seroprevalence in Myanmar among dengue-suspected patients and healthy volunteers in 2013, 2015, and 2018. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009961. [PMID: 34851949 PMCID: PMC8635363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus known to cause acute febrile illness associated with debilitating polyarthritis. In 2019, several institutions in Myanmar reported a CHIKV outbreak. There are no official reports of CHIKV cases between 2011 and 2018. Therefore, this study sought to determine the seroprevalence of CHIKV infection before the 2019 outbreak. METHODS A total of 1,544 serum samples were collected from healthy volunteers and patients with febrile illnesses in Yangon, Mandalay, and the Myeik district in 2013, 2015, and 2018. Participants ranged from one month to 65 years of age. Antibody screening was performed with in-house anti-CHIKV IgG and IgM ELISA. A neutralization assay was used as a confirmatory test. RESULTS The seroprevalence of anti-CHIKV IgM and anti-CHIKV IgG was 8.9% and 28.6%, respectively, with an overall seropositivity rate of 34.5%. A focus reduction neutralization assay confirmed 32.5% seroprevalence of CHIKV in the study population. Age, health status, and region were significantly associated with neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and CHIKV seropositivity (p < 0.05), while gender was not (p = 0.9). Seroprevalence in 2013, 2015, and 2018 was 32.1%, 28.8%, and 37.3%, respectively. Of the clinical symptoms observed in participants with fevers, arthralgia was mainly noted in CHIKV-seropositive patients. CONCLUSION The findings in this study reveal the circulation of CHIKV in Myanmar's Mandalay, Yangon, and Myeik regions before the 2019 CHIKV outbreak. As no treatment or vaccine for CHIKV exists, the virus must be monitored through systematic surveillance in Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ajema Chebichi Luvai
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Aung Kyaw Kyaw
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Nundu Sabiti Sabin
- Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Fuxun Yu
- Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Saw Wut Hmone
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine-1, Lanmadaw township, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Kyaw Zin Thant
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Shingo Inoue
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Qiu S, Guo J, Li P, Li P, Du X, Hao R, Yang C, Wang Q, Liu H, Zhang H, Tian S, Shi H, Wen L, An D, Yang X, An X, Wang L, Wang C, Song H. Source-tracking of the Chinese Chikungunya viruses suggests that Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia act as major hubs for the recent global spread of Chikungunya virus. Virol J 2021; 18:203. [PMID: 34635129 PMCID: PMC8507386 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chikungunya fever, caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), has become a major global health concern, causing unexpected large outbreaks in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas. CHIKV is not indigenous to China, and its origin in the country is poorly understood. In particular, there is limited understanding of the recent global spread of CHIKV in the context of the CHIKV epidemic. Methods Here we investigated a novel Chikungunya patient who came from Myanmar to China in August, 2019. Direct genome sequencing was performed via combined MinION sequencing and BGISEQ-500 sequencing. A complete CHIKV genome dataset, including 727 CHIKV genomes retrieved from GenBank and the genome sequenced in this study, was constructed. An updated and comprehensive phylogenetic analysis was conducted to understand the virus’s origin, evolution, transmission routes and genetic adaptation. Results All globally distributed CHIKV genomes were divided into West Africa, East/Central/South African and Asian genotypes. The genome sequenced in this study was located in the Indian Ocean lineage, and was closely related to a strain isolated from an Australian patient who returned from Bangladesh in 2017. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis showed that the Chinese strains mainly originated from the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Further analyses indicated that the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia may act as major hubs for the recent global spread of CHIKV, leading to multiple outbreaks and epidemics. Moreover, we identified 179 distinct sites, including some undescribed sites in the structural and non-structural proteins, which exhibited apparent genetic variations associated with different CHIKV lineages. Conclusions Here we report a novel CHIKV isolate from a chikungunya patient who came from Myanmar to China in 2019, and summarize the source and evolution of Chinese CHIKV strains. Our present findings provide a better understanding of the recent global evolution of CHIKV, highlighting the urgent need for strengthened surveillance against viral diversity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-021-01665-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofu Qiu
- The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 DongDa Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jinpeng Guo
- The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 DongDa Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Peihan Li
- The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 DongDa Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Peng Li
- The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 DongDa Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xinying Du
- The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 DongDa Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Rongzhang Hao
- The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 DongDa Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chaojie Yang
- The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 DongDa Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 DongDa Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 DongDa Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 DongDa Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Sai Tian
- The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 DongDa Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hua Shi
- The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 DongDa Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Liang Wen
- The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 DongDa Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Daizhi An
- The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 DongDa Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiaocui Yang
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan An
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ligui Wang
- The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 DongDa Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Changjun Wang
- The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 DongDa Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hongbin Song
- The Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 DongDa Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
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Emergence of a Novel Dengue Virus 3 (DENV-3) Genotype-I Coincident with Increased DENV-3 Cases in Yangon, Myanmar between 2017 and 2019. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061152. [PMID: 34208667 PMCID: PMC8235066 DOI: 10.3390/v13061152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever, caused by the mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV), has been endemic in Myanmar since 1970 and it has become a significant public health burden. It is crucial that circulating DENV strains are identified and monitored, and that their transmission efficiency and association with disease severity is understood. In this study, we analyzed DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4 serotypes in 1235 serum samples collected in Myanmar between 2017 and 2019. Whole-genome sequencing of DENV-1–4 demonstrated that most DENV-1–4 strains had been circulating in Myanmar for several years. We also identified the emergence of DENV-3 genotype-I in 2017 samples, which persisted through 2018 and 2019. The emergence of the strain coincided with a period of increased DENV-3 cases and marked changes in the serotype dynamics. Nevertheless, we detected no significant differences between serum viral loads, disease severity, and infection status of individuals infected with different DENV serotypes during the 3-year study. Our results not only identify the spread of a new DENV-3 genotype into Yangon, Myanmar, but also support the importance of DENV evolution in changing the epidemic dynamics in endemic regions.
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Yin X, Hu TS, Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Liu L, Li P, Wang Y, Yang Z, Yu J, Chen S, Zhang FQ. Emergent chikungunya fever and vertical transmission in Yunnan Province, China, 2019. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1455-1462. [PMID: 33704558 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
During the dengue epidemic in Yunnan Province, China, during 2019, a concurrent outbreak of chikungunya occurred in the city of Ruili, which is located in the southwest of the province, adjacent to Myanmar. As part of this outbreak, three neonatal cases of infection with indigenous chikungunya virus from mother-to-child (vertical) transmission were observed. Isolates of chikungunya virus were obtained from 37 serum samples of patients with chikungunya during this outbreak, and a phylogenetic analysis of these isolates revealed that they belong to the Indian Ocean subclade of the East/Central/South African genotype. The E1 genes of these viruses did not harbor the A226V mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoXiong Yin
- Ruili Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ruili, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Song Hu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650118, People's Republic of China.
| | - HaiLin Zhang
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - YongHua Liu
- Ruili Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ruili, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhiJian Zhou
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - LeBin Liu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Ruili Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ruili, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - YiYin Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhaoLan Yang
- Ruili Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ruili, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - SiYu Chen
- Ruili Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ruili, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Qiang Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650118, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Le BCT, Ekalaksananan T, Thaewnongiew K, Phanthanawiboon S, Aromseree S, Phanitchat T, Chuerduangphui J, Suwannatrai AT, Alexander N, Overgaard HJ, Bangs MJ, Pientong C. Interepidemic Detection of Chikungunya Virus Infection and Transmission in Northeastern Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1660-1669. [PMID: 32700661 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya fever is a viral mosquito-borne, acute febrile illness associated with rash, joint pain, and occasionally prolonged polyarthritis. Chikungunya outbreaks have been reported worldwide including many provinces of Thailand. Although chikungunya virus (CHIKV) occurs in Thailand, details on its epidemiology are lacking compared with dengue, a common mosquito-borne disease in the country. Therefore, study on CHIKV and its epidemiology in both humans and mosquitoes is required to better understand its importance clinically and dynamics in community settings. So a prospective examination of virus circulation in human and mosquito populations in northeastern Thailand using serological and molecular methods, including the genetic characterization of the virus, was undertaken. The study was conducted among febrile patients in eight district hospitals in northeastern Thailand from June 2016 to October 2017. Using real-time PCR on the conserved region of nonstructural protein 1 gene, CHIKV was detected in eight (4.9%) of 161 plasma samples. Only one strain yielded a sequence of sufficient size allowing for phylogenetic analysis. In addition, anti-CHIKV IgM and IgG were detected in six (3.7%) and 17 (10.6%) patient plasma samples. The single sequenced sample belonged to the East/Central/South Africa (ECSA) genotype and was phylogenetically similar to the Indian Ocean sub-lineage. Adult Aedes mosquitoes were collected indoors and within a 100-m radius from the index case house and four neighboring houses. CHIKV was detected in two of 70 (2.9%) female Aedes aegypti mosquito pools. This study clearly demonstrated the presence and local transmission of the ECSA genotype of CHIKV in the northeastern region of Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Chi Thi Le
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam.,Department of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Tipaya Ekalaksananan
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kesorn Thaewnongiew
- Department of Disease Control, Office of Disease Prevention and Control, Region 7 Khon Kaen Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Sirinart Aromseree
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Thipruethai Phanitchat
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Neal Alexander
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hans J Overgaard
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Michael J Bangs
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,Public Health & Malaria Control, PT Freeport Indonesia/International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua, Indonesia
| | - Chamsai Pientong
- Department of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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10
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Kyaw AK, Tun MMN, Nabeshima T, Soe AM, Thida T, Aung TH, Htwe TT, Myaing SS, Mar TT, Aung T, Win KMM, Mar Myint K, Lwin EP, Thu HM, Buerano CC, Thant KZ, Morita K. Chikungunya Virus Infection in Blood Donors and Patients During Outbreak, Mandalay, Myanmar, 2019. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:2741-2745. [PMID: 33079056 PMCID: PMC7588511 DOI: 10.3201/eid2611.201824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, an outbreak of chikungunya virus infection occurred in Mandalay, Myanmar, and 3.2% of blood donors and 20.5% of patients who were children were confirmed as being infected. The prevalence rate was up to 6.3% among blood donors. The East Central/South African genotype was predominantly circulating during this outbreak.
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11
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Díaz-Menéndez M, Esteban ET, Ujiie M, Calleri G, Rothe C, Malvy D, Nicastri E, Bissinger AL, Grandadam M, Alpern JD, Gobbi F, Schlagenhauf P, Duvignaud A, Javelle E, Nakamoto T, Antinori S, Hamer DH. Travel-associated chikungunya acquired in Myanmar in 2019. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25. [PMID: 31937394 PMCID: PMC6961262 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.1.1900721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eighteen cases of chikungunya virus infection in travellers returning from Myanmar were reported to the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network, its subnetwork EuroTravNet and TropNet in 2019, reflecting an ongoing local outbreak. This report reinforces the importance of travellers as sentinels of emerging arboviral outbreaks and highlights the importance of vigilance for imported cases, due to the potential for dissemination of the virus into areas with competent local vectors and conducive environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Díaz-Menéndez
- These authors contributed equally to the work.,National Referral Unit for Imported Tropical Diseases. Department of Internal Medicine. Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Trigo Esteban
- These authors contributed equally to the work.,National Referral Unit for Imported Tropical Diseases. Department of Internal Medicine. Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mugen Ujiie
- Vaccination Support Center, Disease Control and Prevention Center. National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Guido Calleri
- Travel Medicine Unit. Amedeo di Savoia Hospital. ASL Città di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Camilla Rothe
- LMU Hospital Centre, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Denis Malvy
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, CHU de Bordeaux & INSERM 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfred L Bissinger
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Grandadam
- Arbovirus & Emerging viral diseases laboratory. Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Jonathan D Alpern
- Department of Travel and Tropical Medicine, HealthPartners; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Federico Gobbi
- Department of Infectious /Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Patricia Schlagenhauf
- University of Zürich Centre for Travel Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Travellers' Health, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Duvignaud
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, CHU de Bordeaux & INSERM 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emilie Javelle
- Laveran Military Teaching Hospital, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Takato Nakamoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Spinello Antinori
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L Sacco", University of Milan. Tropical Medicine Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Davidson H Hamer
- Department of Global Health and Boston University School of Public Health and Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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12
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Ngwe Tun MM, Nguyen TTT, Ando T, Dumre SP, Soe AM, Buerano CC, Nguyen MT, Le NTN, Pham VQ, Nguyen TH, Le TQM, Morita K, Hasebe F. Clinical, Virological, and Cytokine Profiles of Children Infected with Dengue Virus during the Outbreak in Southern Vietnam in 2017. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 102:1217-1225. [PMID: 32189614 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Vietnam, and the incidence is higher and more consistent in the southern part of the country. This study investigated the circulation of DENV serotypes, viremia levels, immunological status, and cytokine levels, with disease severities among children infected in 2017 in Ho Chi Minh City, Southern Vietnam. Acute and convalescent serum samples were collected from clinically diagnosed dengue children. They were confirmed to have DENV infection by NS1 antigen, IgM and IgG ELISAs, virus isolation, and conventional and real-time RT-PCR. Measurement of 10 cytokine levels was performed in the serum samples. All the children were dengue IgM positive; 28% and 72% of them had primary and secondary DENV infections, respectively, whereas 54% of those with secondary infection were children with dengue with warning signs and with severe dengue. Any or mixed infection of the four serotypes of DENV RNA was detected in 58 children. Twenty DENV strains (DENV-1 = 16 and DENV-4 = 4) were isolated. Levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-10, and IL-6 were significantly higher in severe dengue cases. We report the predominance of DENV-1 over other serotypes in the 2017 dengue outbreak in Southern Vietnam. Our data showed that cytokine expressions were correlated with dengue pathogenesis and may help in identifying an effective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Thi Thu Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tsuyoshi Ando
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shyam Prakash Dumre
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Aung Min Soe
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Corazon C Buerano
- Research and Biotechnology, St Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Minh Tuan Nguyen
- Dengue Department, Children Hospital No. (1), Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | | | - Van Quang Pham
- ICU Department, Children Hospital No. (1), Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | | | - Thi Quynh Mai Le
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Futoshi Hasebe
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Center of International Collaboration Research, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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13
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Ngwe Tun MM, Muthugala R, Nabeshima T, Soe AM, Dumre SP, Rajamanthri L, Jayawardana D, Attanayake S, Inoue S, Morita K. Complete genome analysis and characterization of neurotropic dengue virus 2 cosmopolitan genotype isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of encephalitis patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234508. [PMID: 32555732 PMCID: PMC7302667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection remains a major public health concern in many parts of the world, including Southeast Asia and the Americas. Sri Lanka experienced its largest dengue outbreak in 2017. Neurological symptoms associated with DENV infection have increasingly been reported in both children and adults. Here, we characterize DENV type 2 (DENV-2) strains, which were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and/or serum of patients with dengue encephalitis. Acute serum and CSF samples from each patient were subjected to dengue-specific non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen test, IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), virus isolation, conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Among the 5 dengue encephalitis patients examined, 4 recovered and 1 died. DENV-2 strains were isolated from serum and/or CSF samples of 3 patients. The highest viral genome levels were detected in the CSF and serum of the patient who succumbed to the illness. A phylogenetic tree revealed that the DENV-2 isolates belonged to a new clade of cosmopolitan genotype and were genetically close to strains identified in China, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines. According to the NGS analysis, greater frequencies of nonsynonymous and synonymous mutations per gene were identified in the nonstructural genes. The full genomes of serum- and CSF-derived DENV-2 from the same patient shared 99.7% similarity, indicating that the virus spread across the blood-brain barrier. This is the first report to describe neurotropic DENV-2 using whole-genome analysis and to provide the clinical, immunological, and virological characteristics of dengue encephalitis patients during a severe dengue outbreak in Sri Lanka in 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail: (KM); (MMNT)
| | | | - Takeshi Nabeshima
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Aung Min Soe
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shyam Prakash Dumre
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Shingo Inoue
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail: (KM); (MMNT)
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14
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Fu JYL, Chua CL, Vythilingam I, Sulaiman WYW, Wong HV, Chan YF, Sam IC. An amino acid change in nsP4 of chikungunya virus confers fitness advantage in human cell lines rather than in Aedes albopictus. J Gen Virol 2020; 100:1541-1553. [PMID: 31613205 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has caused large-scale epidemics of fever, rash and arthritis since 2004. This unprecedented re-emergence has been associated with mutations in genes encoding structural envelope proteins, providing increased fitness in the secondary vector Aedes albopictus. In the 2008-2013 CHIKV outbreaks across Southeast Asia, an R82S mutation in non-structural protein 4 (nsP4) emerged early in Malaysia or Singapore and quickly became predominant. To determine whether this nsP4-R82S mutation provides a selective advantage in host cells, which may have contributed to the epidemic, the fitness of infectious clone-derived CHIKV with wild-type nsP4-82R and mutant nsP4-82S were compared in Ae. albopictus and human cell lines. Viral infectivity, dissemination and transmission in Ae. albopictus were not affected by the mutation when the two variants were tested separately. In competition, the nsP4-82R variant showed an advantage over nsP4-82S in dissemination to the salivary glands, but only in late infection (10 days). In human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and embryonic kidney (HEK-293T) cell lines coinfected at a 1 : 1 ratio, wild-type nsP4-82R virus was rapidly outcompeted by nsP4-82S virus as early as one passage (3 days). In conclusion, the nsP4-R82S mutation provides a greater selective advantage in human cells than in Ae. albopictus, which may explain its apparent natural selection during CHIKV spread in Southeast Asia. This is an unusual example of a naturally occurring mutation in a non-structural protein, which may have facilitated epidemic transmission of CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Yin Ling Fu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong Long Chua
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Indra Vythilingam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yusoff Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui Vern Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Fun Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I-Ching Sam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Ngwe Tun MM, Muthugala R, Kyaw Kyaw A, Shimada S, Morita K, Hayasaka D. Pathogenetic Potential Relating to Metabolic Activity in a Mouse Model of Infection with the Chikungunya Virus East/Central/South African Genotype. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020169. [PMID: 32028555 PMCID: PMC7077324 DOI: 10.3390/v12020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemics of the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) from 2004 onwards were caused by the East/Central/South African (ECSA) genotype. However, the pathogenesis of the genotype infection has not been fully explained. In this study, we examined the pathogenic potential of CHIKV ECSA genotype M-30 (M-30) by comparing it with that of African genotype S-27 (S-27) in mice. Following low titer infections in type-I IFN receptor KO (A129) mice, we found that the M-30 infection caused high and acute fatality compared with the S-27 infection. M-30-infected A129 mice showed higher viral loads in their central nervous systems and peripheral organs, and increased levels of IFN-γ responses in their brains. Interestingly, M-30-infected mice did not show the hypophagia and reductions in weight which were observed in S-27-infected mice. Our observations provide a novel explanation of the pathogenic mechanisms attributed to virus proliferation, anti-type-II IFN response and metabolic activity in the CHIKV ECSA virus in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (M.M.N.T.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Rohitha Muthugala
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (M.M.N.T.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Aung Kyaw Kyaw
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (M.M.N.T.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (K.M.)
- Leading Graduate School Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimada
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (M.M.N.T.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (K.M.)
- Leading Graduate School Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (M.M.N.T.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (K.M.)
- Leading Graduate School Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hayasaka
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (M.M.N.T.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (K.M.)
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-83-933-5887
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16
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Kyaw AK, Ngwe Tun MM, Naing ST, Htet KKK, Htwe TT, Khaing YY, Tu Mar T, Aung T, Win KN, Tar T, Aye KS, Thant KZ, Morita K. Evaluation of commercially available three dengue rapid diagnostic test kits for diagnosis of acute dengue virus infection at the point-of-care setting in Myanmar. J Virol Methods 2019; 273:113724. [PMID: 31437465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Early and accurate diagnosis of dengue virus (DENV) infection is very important and Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) Kits are been used as a point-of-care test to check DENV infection. A Hospital and Laboratory-based descriptive study was conducted at 550-bedded Mandalay Children Hospital in 2018. Acute-phase serum samples were collected from 202 dengue suspected patients to evaluate the efficacy of RDT Kits for the diagnosis of DENV infection. Commercially available three test kits which include: ((i) CareUs Dengue Combo, Korea, (ii) Humasis Dengue Combo, Korea and (iii) Wondfo Dengue Combo, China) were validated against WHO-based reference standard tests. 140/202 patients (69.3%) was confirmed to have DENV infection. All four serotypes of dengue viruses (57 DENV-1, 7 DENV-2, 6 DENV-3 and 10 DENV-4) were identified from 80 dengue confirmed patients and DENV-1 was the dominant serotype. Combining the NS-1 antigen and IgM antibody results from the CareUs Dengue Combo Kit gave the best sensitivity (92.1%, 95% CI 86.4%-96.0%) and specificity (75.8%, 95%CI 63.3%-85.8%). Among the three RDT Kits, the performance of CareUS Kit was better than the other two. This study explored the evidence of the usefulness of RDT Kits at the point-of-care setting for diagnosis of acute dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Kyaw Kyaw
- Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch), Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan.
| | - Shine Thura Naing
- Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch), Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Kyaw Ko Ko Htet
- Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch), Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Thein Thein Htwe
- Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch), Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Yin Yin Khaing
- Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch), Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Tu Tu Mar
- Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch), Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Thidar Aung
- Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch), Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Khin Nilar Win
- 550-bedded Mandalay Children Hospital, Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Thi Tar
- 550-bedded Mandalay Children Hospital, Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Khin Saw Aye
- Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch), Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Kyaw Zin Thant
- Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch), Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan
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17
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Higuera A, Ramírez JD. Molecular epidemiology of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and Chikungunya arboviruses: An update. Acta Trop 2019; 190:99-111. [PMID: 30444971 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arboviruses are a group of viruses transmitted by arthropods. They are characterized by a wide geographic distribution, which is associated with the presence of the vector, and cause asymptomatic infections or febrile diseases in humans in both enzootic and urban cycles. Recent reports of human infections caused by viruses such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya have raised concern regarding public health, and have led to the re-evaluation of surveillance mechanisms and measures to control the transmission of these arboviruses. Viruses such as Mayaro and Usutu are not currently responsible for a high number of symptomatic infections in humans, but should remain under epidemiological surveillance to avoid the emergence of new epidemics, as happened with Zika virus, that are associated with new or more severe symptoms. Additionally, significant variation has been observed in these viruses, giving rise to different lineages. Until recently, the emergence of new lineages has primarily been related to geographical distribution and dispersion, allowing us to ascertain the possible origins and direction of expansion of each virus type, and to make predictions regarding regions where active infections in humans are likely to occur. Therefore, this review is focused on untangling the molecular epidemiology of Dengue, Yellow fever, Zika and Chikungunya due to their recent epidemics in Latinamerica but provides an update on the geographical distribution globally of these viral variants, and outlines the need for further understanding of the genotypes/lineages assignment.
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18
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Dinkar A, Singh J, Prakash P, Das A, Nath G. Hidden burden of chikungunya in North India; A prospective study in a tertiary care centre. J Infect Public Health 2018; 11:586-591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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19
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Salam N, Mustafa S, Hafiz A, Chaudhary AA, Deeba F, Parveen S. Global prevalence and distribution of coinfection of malaria, dengue and chikungunya: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:710. [PMID: 29879935 PMCID: PMC5992662 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria, Dengue and Chikungunya are vector borne diseases with shared endemic profiles and symptoms. Coinfections with any of these diseases could have fatal outcomes if left undiagnosed. Understanding the prevalence and distribution of coinfections is necessary to improve diagnosis and designing therapeutic interventions. METHODS We have carried out a systematic search of the published literature based on PRISMA guidelines to identify cases of Malaria, Dengue and Chikungunya coinfections. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify eligible studies and extracted data regarding cases of coinfection from cross sectional studies, case reports, retrospective studies, prospective observational studies and surveillance reports. RESULTS Care full screening resulted in 104 publications that met the eligibility criteria and reported Malaria/Dengue, Dengue/Chikungunya, Malaria/Chikungunya and Malaria/Dengue/Chikungunya coinfections. These coinfections were spread over six geographical locations and 42 different countries and are reported more frequently in the last 15 years possibly due to expanding epidemiology of Dengue and Chikungunya. Few of these reports have also analysed distinguishing features of coinfections. Malaria/Dengue coinfections were the most common coinfection followed by Dengue/Chikungunya, Malaria/Chikungunya and Malaria/Dengue/Chikungunya coinfections. P. falciparum and P. vivax were the commonest species found in cases of malaria coinfections and Dengue serotype-4 commonest serotype in cases of dengue coinfections. Most studies were reported from India. Nigeria and India were the only two countries from where all possible combinations of coinfections were reported. CONCLUSION We have comprehensively reviewed the literature associated with cases of coinfections of three important vector borne diseases to present a clear picture of their prevalence and distribution across the globe. The frequency of coinfections presented in the study suggests proper diagnosis, surveillance and management of cases of coinfection to avoid poor prognosis of the underlying etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Salam
- College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shoeb Mustafa
- College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Hafiz
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farah Deeba
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Shama Parveen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
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Shrestha P, Roberts T, Homsana A, Myat TO, Crump JA, Lubell Y, Newton PN. Febrile illness in Asia: gaps in epidemiology, diagnosis and management for informing health policy. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:815-826. [PMID: 29581051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence is becoming available on the aetiology and management of fevers in Asia; the importance of these fevers has increased with the decline in the incidence of malaria. AIMS To conduct a narrative review of the epidemiology and management of fevers in South and South-East Asia and to highlight gaps in our knowledge that impair evidence-based health policy decisions. SOURCES A narrative review of papers published since 2012 on developments in fever epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment in South and South-East Asia. The papers that the authors felt were pivotal, from their personal perspectives, are discussed. CONTENT We identified 100 studies. Among the 30 studies (30%)-including both children and adults-that investigated three or more pathogens, the most frequently reported fever aetiology was dengue (reported by 15, 50%), followed by leptospirosis (eight, 27%), scrub typhus (seven, 23%) and Salmonella serovar Typhi (six, 20%). Among four studies investigating three or more pathogens in children, dengue and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequent, followed by non-typhoidal Salmonella spp, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella serovar Typhi, and Orientia tsutsugamushi. Increased awareness is needed that rickettsial pathogens are common but do not respond to cephalosporins, and that alternative therapies, such as tetracyclines, are required. IMPLICATIONS Many key gaps remain, and consensus guidelines for study design are needed to aid comparative understanding of the epidemiology of fevers. More investment in developing accurate and affordable diagnostic tests for rural Asia and independent evaluation of those already on the market are needed. Treatment algorithms, including simple biomarker assays, appropriate for empirical therapy of fevers in different areas of rural Asia should be a major aim of fever research. Enhanced antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance and openly accessible databases of geography-specific AMR data would inform policy on empirical and specific therapy. More investment in innovative strategies facilitating infectious disease surveillance in remote rural communities would be an important component of poverty reduction and improving public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Shrestha
- Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, University of Oxford, UK
| | - T Roberts
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot-Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos; Madihol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A Homsana
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot-Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos
| | - T O Myat
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar; Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J A Crump
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Y Lubell
- Madihol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - P N Newton
- Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, University of Oxford, UK; Lao-Oxford-Mahosot-Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, UK.
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21
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Yen PS, James A, Li JC, Chen CH, Failloux AB. Synthetic miRNAs induce dual arboviral-resistance phenotypes in the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti. Commun Biol 2018; 1:11. [PMID: 30271898 PMCID: PMC6053081 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-017-0011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne arboviruses are responsible for recent dengue, chikungunya, and Zika pandemics. The yellow-fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, plays an important role in the transmission of all three viruses. We developed a miRNA-based approach that results in a dual resistance phenotype in mosquitoes to dengue serotype 3 (DENV-3) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. The target viruses are from two distinct arboviral families and the antiviral mechanism is designed to function through the endogenous miRNA pathway in infected mosquitoes. Challenge experiments showed reductions in viral transmission efficiency of transgenic mosquitoes. Several components of mosquito fitness were examined, and transgenic mosquitoes with the PUb promoter showed minor fitness costs at all developing stages. Further development of these strains with gene editing tools could make them candidates for releases in population replacement strategies for sustainable control of multiple arbovirus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shi Yen
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Anthony James
- Departments of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics and Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Jian-Chiuan Li
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, 75015, France.
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Broad and long-lasting immune protection against various Chikungunya genotypes demonstrated by participants in a cross-sectional study in a Cambodian rural community. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:13. [PMID: 29410416 PMCID: PMC5837154 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-017-0010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus circulating worldwide. Its presence in Asia has been reported since the 1950s, constituting the Asian genotype. Since 2005, strains from the Eastern, Central, and Southern African (ECSA) genotype have caused several outbreaks across Asia. Viruses from the ECSA genotype were also detected in Cambodia in late 2011 and led to an outbreak in a rural community in 2012. A former investigation from 2012 found a higher risk of infection in people younger than 40 years, suggesting a pre-existing herd immunity in the older Cambodian population due to infection with an Asian genotype. In 2016, we collected serum from equivalent numbers of individuals born before 1975 and born after 1980 that were also part of the 2012 study. We analyzed the 154 serum samples from 2016 for neutralization against the Cambodian ECSA isolate and three strains belonging to the Asian genotype. This experiment revealed that 22.5% (18/80) of the younger study participants had no CHIKV antibodies, whereas 5.4% (4/74) of the older population remained naive. Study participants infected during the ECSA outbreak had twofold neutralizing titers against the ECSA and the most ancient Asian genotype virus (Thailand 1958) compared to the other two Asian genotype viruses. The neutralization data also support the older population’s exposure to an Asian genotype virus during the 1960s. The observed cross-reactivity confirms that the investigated CHIKV strains belong to a single serotype despite the emergence of novel ECSA genotype viruses and supports the importance of the development of a Chikungunya vaccine.
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23
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Singh J, Dinkar A, Singh RG, Siddiqui MS, Sinha N, Singh SK. Clinical profile of dengue fever and coinfection with chikungunya. Tzu Chi Med J 2018; 30:158-164. [PMID: 30069124 PMCID: PMC6047329 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_138_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Arthropod-borne viral diseases are a major burden on the health-care system worldwide. Only a few studies have reported on coinfection of dengue fever (DF) with the chikungunya virus in North India. We investigated the seroprevalence and significance of the clinicobiochemical profile of dengue and chikungunya coinfection. Besides this, the authors try to emphasize rationalize platelets transfusion. Material and Methods The present study was conducted at the Heritage Institute of Medical Science, Varanasi, India, from July to December 2016. A total of 1800 suspected cases with acute viral febrile illness (age >18 years) were investigated to exclude other causes of acute febrile illnesses. Of these, 121 patients (6.72%) were diagnosed as seropositive for dengue and chikungunya mono or coinfection using IgM ELISA and were included in the study. Results The male gender was predominant. The majority were in the 20-30-year age group with cases peaking in November. There were 102 (84.29%) cases of dengue, 6 (4.95%) cases of chikungunya, and 13 (10.74%) cases positive for coinfection. Fever was present in all cases. Headache followed by nausea/vomiting and generalized weakness were the most common symptoms in patients with DF while body aches and joint pain were most common in those with chikungunya fever. Deranged liver function and leukopenia were the most common complications in dengue. Conclusion Joint-related symptoms (pain and restricted movements) were statistically significant in chikungunya monoinfection. Two patients with DF were died. There was no significant added severity of clinical features and blood investigations in patients with coinfection with dengue and chikungunya compared to those with monoinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Singh
- Department of Medicine, Heritage Institute of Medical Science, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anju Dinkar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rana Gopal Singh
- Department of Medicine, Heritage Institute of Medical Science, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Si Siddiqui
- Department of Medicine, Heritage Institute of Medical Science, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nikhil Sinha
- Department of Medicine, Heritage Institute of Medical Science, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjiv Kumar Singh
- Department of Medicine, Heritage Institute of Medical Science, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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24
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Oo PM, Wai KT, Harries AD, Shewade HD, Oo T, Thi A, Lin Z. The burden of dengue, source reduction measures, and serotype patterns in Myanmar, 2011 to 2015-R2. Trop Med Health 2017; 45:35. [PMID: 29118655 PMCID: PMC5667489 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-017-0074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myanmar is currently classified as a high burden dengue country in the Asian Pacific region. The Myanmar vector-borne diseases control (VBDC) program has collected data on dengue and source reduction measures since 1970, and there is a pressing need to collate, analyze, and interpret this information. The aim of this study was to describe the burden of hospital-based dengue disease, dengue control measures, and serotype patterns in Myanmar between 2011 and 2015. Methods This was a cross-sectional study using annual records from the Dengue Fever/Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Prevention and Control Project in Myanmar. Results Between 2011 and 2015, there were a total of 89,832 cases and 393 deaths in hospitals, with 97% of cases being in children. In 2013 and 2015, there was an increased number of cases, respectively at 21,942 and 42,913, while during the other 3 years, numbers ranged from 4738 to 13,806. The distribution of dengue deaths each year mirrored the distribution of cases. Most cases (84%) occurred in the wet season and 54% occurred in the delta/lowlands. Case fatality rate (CFR) was highest in 2014 at 7 per 1000 dengue cases, while in the other years, it ranged from 3 to 5 per 1000 cases. High CFR per 1000 were also observed in infants < 1 year (CFR = 8), adults ≥ 15 years (CFR = 7), those with disease severity grade IV (CFR = 17), and those residing in hilly regions (CFR = 9). Implementation and coverage of dengue source reduction measures, including larval control, space spraying, and health education, all increased between 2012 and 2015, although there was low coverage of these interventions in households and schools and for water containers. In the 2013 outbreak, dengue virus serotype 1 predominated, while in the 2015 outbreak, serotypes 1, 2, and 4 were those mainly in circulation. Conclusion Dengue is a serious public health disease burden in Myanmar. More attention is needed to improve monitoring, recording, and reporting of cases, deaths, and vector control activities, and more investment is needed for programmatic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pwint Mon Oo
- Central Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health and Sport, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | | | - Anthony D Harries
- International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Hemant Deepak Shewade
- International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Tin Oo
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Aung Thi
- Central Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health and Sport, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Zaw Lin
- Central Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health and Sport, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
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25
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Quyen NTH, Kien DTH, Rabaa M, Tuan NM, Vi TT, Van Tan L, Hung NT, Tuan HM, Van Tram T, Le Da Ha N, Quang HK, Doanh NQ, Van Vinh Chau N, Wills B, Simmons CP. Chikungunya and Zika Virus Cases Detected against a Backdrop of Endemic Dengue Transmission in Vietnam. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:146-150. [PMID: 28719300 PMCID: PMC5508909 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Between 2010 and 2014, four chikungunya and two Zika virus infections were identified among 8,105 febrile children in southern Vietnam. Zika viruses were linked to French Polynesian strains, chikungunya to Cambodian strains. Against a backdrop of endemic dengue transmission, chikungunya and Zika present an additional arboviral disease burden in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Than Ha Quyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Duong Thi Hue Kien
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Maia Rabaa
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Tran Thuy Vi
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Le Van Tan
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bridget Wills
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Cameron P Simmons
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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26
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Ruiz Silva M, Aguilar Briseño JA, Upasani V, van der Ende-Metselaar H, Smit JM, Rodenhuis-Zybert IA. Suppression of chikungunya virus replication and differential innate responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells during co-infection with dengue virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005712. [PMID: 28644900 PMCID: PMC5500378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue and chikungunya are viral diseases transmitted to humans by infected Aedes spp. mosquitoes. With an estimated 390 million infected people per year dengue virus (DENV) currently causes the most prevalent arboviral disease. During the last decade chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has caused large outbreaks and has expanded its territory causing millions of cases in Asia, Africa and America. The viruses share a common mosquito vector and during the acute phase cause similar flu-like symptoms that can proceed to more severe or debilitating symptoms. The growing overlap in the geographical distribution of these mosquito-borne infections has led to an upsurge in reported cases of DENV/CHIKV co-infections. Unfortunately, at present we have little understanding of consequences of the co-infections to the human host. The overall aim of this study was to define viral replication dynamics and the innate immune signature involved in concurrent DENV and CHIKV infections in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We demonstrate that concomitant infection resulted in a significant reduction of CHIKV progeny and moderate enhancement of DENV production. Remarkably, the inhibitory effect of DENV on CHIKV infection occurred independently of DENV replication. Furthermore, changes in type I IFN, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1 and IP-10 production were observed during concomitant infections. Notably, co-infections led to a significant increase in the levels of TNF-α and IL-6, cytokines that are widely considered to play a crucial role in the early pathogenesis of both viral diseases. In conclusion, our study reveals the interplay of DENV/CHIKV during concomitant infection and provides a framework to investigate viral interaction during co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ruiz Silva
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - José A. Aguilar Briseño
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vinit Upasani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi van der Ende-Metselaar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M. Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Izabela A. Rodenhuis-Zybert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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27
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Wahid B, Ali A, Rafique S, Idrees M. Global expansion of chikungunya virus: mapping the 64-year history. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 58:69-76. [PMID: 28288924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that is emerging as a global threat because of the highly debilitating nature of the associated disease and unprecedented magnitude of its spread. Chikungunya originated in Africa and has since spread across the entire globe causing large numbers of epidemics that have infected millions of people in Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Europe, the Americas, and Pacific Islands. Phylogenetic analysis has identified four different genotypes of CHIKV: Asian, West African, East/Central/South African (ECSA), and Indian Ocean Lineage (IOL). In the absence of well-designed epidemiological studies, the aim of this review article was to summarize the global epidemiology of CHIKV and to provide baseline data for future research on the treatment, prevention, and control of this life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braira Wahid
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87 West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Amjad Ali
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87 West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Shazia Rafique
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87 West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87 West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Vice Chancellor Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
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28
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Jain J, Dubey SK, Shrinet J, Sunil S. Dengue Chikungunya co-infection: A live-in relationship?? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:608-616. [PMID: 28189673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dengue and Chikungunya are viral infections that are a major public health hazard in recent times. Both these infections are caused by RNA viruses termed arboviruses owing to their requirement of an arthropod vector to get transmitted to vertebrate hosts. Apart from sharing a common vector, namely Aedes mosquitoes, these infections are also characterized by overlapping clinical presentations and are known to exist as co-infection. The present review traces the history and evolution of co-infection across the globe and provides specific compilation of the scenario in India. Furthermore, clinical manifestations during co-infection are discussed. Lastly, up-to-date information with respect to vector behaviour during co-infection both under laboratory conditions and in natural Aedes populations is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Jain
- Vector Borne Disease Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Vector Borne Disease Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jatin Shrinet
- Vector Borne Disease Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sujatha Sunil
- Vector Borne Disease Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Ngwe Tun MM, Kyaw AK, Makki N, Muthugala R, Nabeshima T, Inoue S, Hayasaka D, Moi ML, Buerano CC, Thwe SM, Thant KZ, Morita K. Characterization of the 2013 dengue epidemic in Myanmar with dengue virus 1 as the dominant serotype. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 43:31-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Chen H, Parimelalagan M, Lai YL, Lee KS, Koay ESC, Hapuarachchi HC, Ng LC, Ho PS, Chu JJH. Development and Evaluation of a SYBR Green-Based Real-Time Multiplex RT-PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection and Serotyping of Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses. J Mol Diagn 2016; 17:722-8. [PMID: 26455921 PMCID: PMC7106138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) have emerged as the two most important arbovirus diseases of global health significance. Similar clinical manifestations, transmission vectors, geographical distribution, and seasonal correlation often result in misdiagnosis of chikungunya infections as dengue cases and vice versa. In this study, we developed a rapid and accurate laboratory confirmative method to simultaneously detect, quantify, and differentiate DENV serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 and CHIKV. This SYBR Green I–based one-step multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay is highly sensitive and specific for CHIKV and DENV. Melting temperature analysis of PCR amplicons was used to serotype DENV and to differentiate from CHIKV. The detection limit of the assay was 20, 10, 50, 5, and 10 RNA copies/reaction for DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4, and CHIKV, respectively. Our assay did not cross-react with a panel of viruses that included other flaviviruses, alphaviruses, influenza viruses, human enteroviruses, and human coronaviruses. The feasibility of using this assay for clinical diagnosis was evaluated in DENV- and CHIKV-positive patient sera. Accordingly, the assay sensitivity for DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4, and CHIKV was 89.66%, 96.67%, 96.67%, 94.12%, and 95.74%, respectively, with 100% specificity. These findings confirmed the potential of our assay to be used as a rapid test for simultaneous detection and serotyping of DENV and CHIKV in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Yee Ling Lai
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | - Kim Sung Lee
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | - Evelyn Siew-Chuan Koay
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Molecular Diagnosis Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lee Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | - Phui San Ho
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, Singapore.
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Furuya-Kanamori L, Liang S, Milinovich G, Soares Magalhaes RJ, Clements ACA, Hu W, Brasil P, Frentiu FD, Dunning R, Yakob L. Co-distribution and co-infection of chikungunya and dengue viruses. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:84. [PMID: 26936191 PMCID: PMC4776349 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chikungunya and dengue infections are spatio-temporally related. The current review aims to determine the geographic limits of chikungunya, dengue and the principal mosquito vectors for both viruses and to synthesise current epidemiological understanding of their co-distribution. Methods Three biomedical databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched from their inception until May 2015 for studies that reported concurrent detection of chikungunya and dengue viruses in the same patient. Additionally, data from WHO, CDC and Healthmap alerts were extracted to create up-to-date global distribution maps for both dengue and chikungunya. Results Evidence for chikungunya-dengue co-infection has been found in Angola, Gabon, India, Madagascar, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nigeria, Saint Martin, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand and Yemen; these constitute only 13 out of the 98 countries/territories where both chikungunya and dengue epidemic/endemic transmission have been reported. Conclusions Understanding the true extent of chikungunya-dengue co-infection is hampered by current diagnosis largely based on their similar symptoms. Heightened awareness of chikungunya among the public and public health practitioners in the advent of the ongoing outbreak in the Americas can be expected to improve diagnostic rigour. Maps generated from the newly compiled lists of the geographic distribution of both pathogens and vectors represent the current geographical limits of chikungunya and dengue, as well as the countries/territories at risk of future incursion by both viruses. These describe regions of co-endemicity in which lab-based diagnosis of suspected cases is of higher priority. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1417-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Furuya-Kanamori
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Shaohong Liang
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, 138667, Singapore.
| | - Gabriel Milinovich
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
| | - Ricardo J Soares Magalhaes
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia. .,UQ Children's Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.
| | - Archie C A Clements
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
| | - Patricia Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas/ Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Francesca D Frentiu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
| | - Rebecca Dunning
- Formerly School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Laith Yakob
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
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Tan KK, Sy AKD, Tandoc AO, Khoo JJ, Sulaiman S, Chang LY, AbuBakar S. Independent Emergence of the Cosmopolitan Asian Chikungunya Virus, Philippines 2012. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26201250 PMCID: PMC5378875 DOI: 10.1038/srep12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks involving the Asian genotype Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) caused over one million infections in the Americas recently. The outbreak was preceded by a major nationwide outbreak in the Philippines. We examined the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships of representative CHIKV isolates obtained from the 2012 Philippines outbreak with other CHIKV isolates collected globally. Asian CHIKV isolated from the Philippines, China, Micronesia and Caribbean regions were found closely related, herein denoted as Cosmopolitan Asian CHIKV (CACV). Three adaptive amino acid substitutions in nsP3 (D483N), E1 (P397L) and E3 (Q19R) were identified among CACV. Acquisition of the nsP3-483N mutation in Compostela Valley followed by E1-397L/E3-19R in Laguna preceded the nationwide spread in the Philippines. The China isolates possessed two of the amino acid substitutions, nsP3-D483N and E1-P397L whereas the Micronesian and Caribbean CHIKV inherited all the three amino acid substitutions. The unique amino acid substitutions observed among the isolates suggest multiple independent virus dissemination events. The possible biological importance of the specific genetic signatures associated with the rapid global of the virus is not known and warrant future in-depth study and epidemiological follow-up. Molecular evidence, however, supports the Philippines outbreak as the possible origin of the CACV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Kee Tan
- 1] Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia [2] Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ava Kristy D Sy
- Virology Department, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, FCC Compound, Alabang, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Amado O Tandoc
- Virology Department, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, FCC Compound, Alabang, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Jing-Jing Khoo
- 1] Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia [2] Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syuhaida Sulaiman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Li-Yen Chang
- 1] Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia [2] Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- 1] Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia [2] Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Pandey BD, Neupane B, Pandey K, Tun MMN, Morita K. Detection of Chikungunya Virus in Nepal. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015. [PMID: 26195462 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging alphaviral disease and a public health problem in South Asia including Nepal in recent years. In this study, sera were collected from patients presenting with fever, headache, muscular pain, fatigue, and joint pain of both upper and lower extremities. A total of 169 serum samples were tested for CHIKV and dengue virus (DENV) by using Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method during August to November 2013. Results showed that 3.6% and 27.8% samples were positive for CHIKV and DENV IgM positive, respectively. Similarly, results of IgG showed 3.0% samples were positive for CHIKV IgG and 29.0% were for DENV IgG positive. Further, a 50% focal reduction neutralization test (FRNT50) was performed to confirm the presence of CHIKV, which demonstrated that 8.9% of CHIKV IgM and/or IgG ELISA positive possessed neutralizing anti-CHIK antibodies. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which the presence of CHIKV is confirmed in Nepalese patients by FRNT50. Basic scientists and clinicians need to consider CHIKV as a differential diagnosis in febrile Nepalese patients, and policy makers should consider appropriate surveillance and actions for control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basu Dev Pandey
- Leprosy Control Division, Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal; Everest International Clinic and Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Biswas Neupane
- Leprosy Control Division, Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal; Everest International Clinic and Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kishor Pandey
- Leprosy Control Division, Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal; Everest International Clinic and Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Leprosy Control Division, Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal; Everest International Clinic and Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Leprosy Control Division, Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal; Everest International Clinic and Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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34
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Emergence and Surveillance of Chikungunya. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-015-0036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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