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Baggio-Souza V, Berger L, Mongruel ACB, Mallmahn-Bohn R, Reis AO, Fagundes-Moreira R, Girotto-Soares A, da Silva BZ, Peters FB, Wagner PGC, Leuchtenberger C, Furtado MM, Soresini G, Foerster N, das Neves LF, Lee DAB, Dos Santos ÍG, Pescador CA, Alievi MM, de Faria Valle S, André MR, Soares JF. First report of 'Candidatus Mycoplasma spp.' in mustelids from two different Brazilian regions with description of three putative novel species. Microb Pathog 2025; 205:107682. [PMID: 40345349 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2025] [Accepted: 05/06/2025] [Indexed: 05/11/2025]
Abstract
Hemoplasmas are bacteria that infect erythrocytes of a wide range of animals, including humans. This study investigated blood and tissue of twenty-two mustelids from Southern and Midwestern Brazil through cPCR targeting the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. Hemoplasma DNA was detected in Lontra longicaudis and Galictis cuja with an occurrence of 77 % (17/22). Phylogenetic analysis revealed genetic diversity with at least three genotypes within "Mycoplasma suis group" and one in the "Mycoplasma haemofelis group". Phylogenetic, genotype and genetic divergence analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene (∼600 bp) reveal the occurrence of three novel putative 'Candidatus' species, namely 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematocontesinii', 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematohagiwarae' and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematolongicaudis'. These findings reveal the broad distribution and genetic diversity of hemoplasma species, highlighting the need for further research into their impact on Neotropical mustelid conservation and their zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Baggio-Souza
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais (ProtozooVet), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Berger
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais (ProtozooVet), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anna Claudia Baumel Mongruel
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Mallmahn-Bohn
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais (ProtozooVet), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adeyldes Oliveira Reis
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais (ProtozooVet), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Fagundes-Moreira
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais (ProtozooVet), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, 70010, Italy; PhD National Programme in One Health Approaches to Infectious diseases and Life Science Research, Department of Public Health, Experimental ad Forensice Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Aline Girotto-Soares
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais (ProtozooVet), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Bortolotto Peters
- Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, SP, Brazil; Bird and Mammal Evolution, Systematics and Ecology Lab, Departamento de Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91051-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo Guilherme Carniel Wagner
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais (ProtozooVet), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres da Superintendência do IBAMA no Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana M Furtado
- Projeto Ariranhas/Giant Otter Conservation Fund, Arroio do Meio, RS, Brazil
| | - Grazielle Soresini
- Projeto Ariranhas/Giant Otter Conservation Fund, Arroio do Meio, RS, Brazil; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Otter Specialist Group, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Foerster
- Projeto Ariranhas/Giant Otter Conservation Fund, Arroio do Meio, RS, Brazil; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Otter Specialist Group, Switzerland
| | - Lorena Freitas das Neves
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Antônio Braga Lee
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Meller Alievi
- Núcleo de Conservação e Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres (Preservas), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stella de Faria Valle
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinárias (LACVet), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - João Fabio Soares
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais (ProtozooVet), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Mongruel ACB, Medici EP, Machado RZ, Clay K, André MR. Characterization of the Blood Bacterial Microbiota in Lowland Tapirs ( Tapirus terrestris), a Vulnerable Species in Brazil. Microorganisms 2024; 12:2270. [PMID: 39597659 PMCID: PMC11596849 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12112270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Revised: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbiome studies targeting hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene are suitable for understanding interactions between animals and their associated bacteria. While many studies focus on the gut microbiome, assessments of blood microbiota remain scarce despite the prevalence of blood-borne pathogens in vertebrates. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial community in blood samples from 79 living and 7 road-killed lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris), a vulnerable species, sampled in two biomes in midwestern Brazil: Pantanal and Cerrado. Animals were categorized by condition (living or road-killed), sex, age, and biome. V3-V4 16S rRNA fragments were obtained from 86 blood samples and 4 negative controls. After filtering contaminants, 13,742,198 sequences representing 2146 ASVs were analyzed. Alpha diversity significantly differed by condition, while beta diversity differed by condition, site, and age (adults vs. sub-adults). For living animals (79/86 samples), alpha diversity showed no significant differences, but beta diversity differed by age. Different vector-borne bacterial pathogens, including Anaplasmataceae, Bartonella, and Borrelia spp., were detected. Additionally, evidence of transient translocation of microbial communities from other body regions to the bloodstream was observed. Amplification of bacterial 16S rRNA from blood samples of wild T. terrestris provided novel information about the diversity of blood-borne microbiota of lowland tapirs, members of a poorly studied mammalian family. Next-generation sequencing proved to be a valuable tool for screening potential vector-borne pathogens in this host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Claudia Baumel Mongruel
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.C.B.M.); (R.Z.M.)
| | - Emília Patrícia Medici
- Lowland Tapir Conservation Initiative (LTCI), Institute for Ecological Research (IPÊ), Campo Grande 79046-150, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil;
- Escola Superior de Conservação Ambiental e Sustentabilidade (ESCAS/IPÊ), Nazaré Paulista 12960-000, São Paulo, Brazil
- Tapir Specialist Group (TSG), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN SSC), Campo Grande 79046-150, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.C.B.M.); (R.Z.M.)
| | - Keith Clay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.C.B.M.); (R.Z.M.)
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Fayos M, Sacristán C, Velarde R, Ewbank AC, Sastre N, de la Torre A, Iglesias I, Gonzalez B, Sacristán I. Detection and characterization of hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Iberian wolves (Canis lupus signatus) of Cantabria, Spain. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 124:105659. [PMID: 39173940 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Hemoplasmas (hemotropic mycoplasmas) are uncultivable wall-less bacteria able to infect mammalian erythrocytes. Hemoplasmas can cause anemia, especially in immunocompromised hosts, predisposing to secondary infections and even leading to death. Between 2017 and 2023, spleen samples of 131 wild Iberian wolves (Canis lupus signatus) of Cantabria (Spain) were screened for Mycoplasma spp. using a real-time PCR able to amplify a 360 bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene and confirmed by direct Sanger sequencing. Additional conventional PCRs were performed to screen for coinfections by different Mycoplasma species and to discriminate between Mycoplasma haemocanis/haemofelis (Mhc/Mhf). Overall, 24/131 (18.3%) animals were PCR-positive. Biological and environmental factors potentially promoting hemoplasma infection in this species were analyzed. Two different hemoplasma species were detected: Mhc/Mhf (18/131; 13.7%) and Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum (CMhp) (3/131; 2.3%), each with one nucleotide sequence type (ntST); three other sequences were not classified. No Mhc/Mhf and CMhp coinfection were observed. The 12 Mhc/Mhf suitable for ribonuclease P RNA sequencing were confirmed as Mhc. Mhc ntST was 100% identical to a Mhc sequence previously obtained in domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), and in wild Iberian wolves of northwestern Spain (Asturias and Galicia) at a similar prevalence to the one found herein, suggesting a high Mhc genetic homogeneity in this wild population. CMhp ntST was 100% identical to CMhp sequences from domestic dogs. To our knowledge, this is the first description of CMhp in the Iberian wolf. The high genetic similarity observed in Mhc and CMhp sequences, as well as their high similarity with domestic dog sequences, suggest its recent introduction, a high level of intraspecific transmission within the wild wolf population, and likely, interspecific transmission between wolves and domestic dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manena Fayos
- Centro de Recuperación de Fauna Silvestre de Cantabria, Obregón 39690, Spain; Escuela de Doctorado de la UNED, Madrid 28015, Spain.
| | - Carlos Sacristán
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, INIA-CSIC, Carretera Algete el Casar s/n, Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain
| | - Roser Velarde
- Wildlife Ecology and Health Group & Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Ana Carolina Ewbank
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, INIA-CSIC, Carretera Algete el Casar s/n, Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain.
| | - Natalia Sastre
- Servei Veterinari de Genètica Molecular (SVGM), Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Ana de la Torre
- Wildlife Ecology and Health Group & Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Irene Iglesias
- Wildlife Ecology and Health Group & Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gonzalez
- Asistencia Técnica de TRAGSA Para la Dirección General de Montes y Biodiversidad de la Consejería de Desarrollo Rural, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimentación del Gobierno de Cantabria, C/ Albert Einstein, 2 Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Irene Sacristán
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, INIA-CSIC, Carretera Algete el Casar s/n, Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain
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de Oliveira Battisti L, Mongruel ACB, Fagundes-Moreira R, Baggio-Souza V, de Souza VK, de Amorim DB, Wagner PGC, Souza UA, Gonçalves AP, Girotto-Soares A, de Faria Valle S, André MR, Soares JF. Post-mortem detection of hemoplasmas (hemotropic Mycoplasma spp.) in South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) sampled in Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:102187. [PMID: 38703540 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Hemotropic mycoplasmas are bacteria that attaches to erythrocytes surface, which some species presents zoonotic concerns. In the suborder Pinnipedia, genera Otaria and Arctocephalus are prominent in Brazil. This study investigated the occurrence of hemoplasmas in Arctocephalus sp. and Otaria flavescens found dead along the coast of a Southern Brazilian State. DNA from 135 spleen samples were extracted and subjected to conventional PCR protocols, targeting the 16 S rRNA and 23 S rRNA gene. Three (2.22 %) Arctocephalus australis were positive in the 16 S rRNA gene, and no samples amplified in the 23 S rRNA gene. Samples from this study clustered with Zalophus californianus and Arctocephalus tropicalis mycoplasmas on a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis. Genetic diversity analysis suggested distinct genotypes, indicating A. australis as a new host for hemoplasma, and also a potential putative novel hemoplasma genotype. These findings raises future awareness for pinnipeds conservation, and adds Mycoplasma spp. to be taken into consideration when clinically evaluating rescued animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano de Oliveira Battisti
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Fagundes-Moreira
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Baggio-Souza
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Viviane Kelin de Souza
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Derek Blaese de Amorim
- Center for Coastal Studies, Limnology and Marine, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Tramandaí, 976, CEP 95625-000, Imbé, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Guilherme C Wagner
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres, Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ugo A Souza
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline Girotto-Soares
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stella de Faria Valle
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - João Fabio Soares
- Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Burne AM, Richey LJ, Schoeb TR, Brown MB. Galleria mellonella Invertebrate Model Mirrors the Pathogenic Potential of Mycoplasma alligatoris within the Natural Host. Transbound Emerg Dis 2024; 2024:3009838. [PMID: 40303151 PMCID: PMC12017031 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3009838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2025]
Abstract
Most mycoplasmal infections result in chronic, clinically silent disease. In direct contrast, Mycoplasma alligatoris elicits a fulminant, multisystem disease in the natural host, Alligator mississippiensis (American alligator). The goals of the study were to better understand the disease in the natural host and to determine if the invertebrate model G. mellonella could serve as a surrogate alternate host. The survival of alligators infected intratracheally was dose dependent (p=0.0003), ranging from no mortality (102 CFU) to 100% mortality (108 CFU), with 60% mortality at the 104 and 105 CFU infectious dose. Microbial load in blood, joints, and brain was dose dependent, regardless of whether alligators were infected intratracheally or intravenously (p < 0.002). Weight loss was similarly impacted (p < 0.001). Experimental infection of the invertebrate Galleria mellonella mirrored the result in the natural host. In a dose response infection study, both larval survival curves and successful pupation curves were significantly different (p ≤ 0.0001) and dose dependent. Infected insects did not emerge as moths (p < 0.0001). Here, we describe the first study investigating G. mellonella as a surrogate model to assess the pathogenic potential of M. alligatoris. G. mellonella survival was dose dependent and impacted life stage outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Burne
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Lauren J. Richey
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Comparative Pathology Services, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA
| | - Trenton R. Schoeb
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Program in Immunology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, UK
| | - Mary B. Brown
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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da Silveira JAG, Moreira SM, do Nascimento AF, de Oliveira MM, dos Santos HA, Estevam LGTDM, Pereira CR, Oliveira AGG, D’Elia ML, Araujo ADC, Silva JMM. Preparing Collared Peccary ( Pecari tajacu Linnaeus, 1758) for Reintroduction into the Wild: A Screening for Parasites and Hemopathogens of a Captive Population. Pathogens 2024; 13:47. [PMID: 38251354 PMCID: PMC10819336 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The reintroduction of captive animals to the wild helps restore endangered species, but it risks pathogen transmission, harming wild populations. Such transmission can impact the genetic diversity and long-term viability of these populations. This study assessed parasite diversity and load in captive Pecari tajacu, a species native to the Americas and culturally significant to Brazilian indigenous culture, prior to reintroduction. Samples from 24 peccaries were analyzed for ectoparasites, hemopathogens, and stool parasites with direct and molecular analysis. Findings showed that various parasites were present. Two peccaries (8.3%) were infested by the adult tick Amblyomma sculptum. Six (25.0%) tested positive for Trypanosoma evansi, four (16.7%) for hemobacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae, twelve (50.0%) for hemotropic Mycoplasma, and seven (29.2%) for Leishmania braziliensis. Stool samples indicated multiple parasites, with sixteen (66.7%) peccaries infected by Strongylida order parasites, Spiruridae in three (12.5%), and Ascaris suum in one (4.2%) animal. Cysts of Balantidium sp. were found in twenty (83.3%), Entamoeba polecki in five (20.8%), and Iodamoeba bütschlii in two (8.3%) peccaries. To our current knowledge, this is the first global report of Leishmania braziliensis, Iodamoeba bütschlii, and Entamoeba polecki in P. tajacu, irrespective of the environment, including both captivity and wild conditions. Some of these parasites are common in domestic animals, and others are zoonotic, indicating potential interspecies pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Magela Moreira
- Department of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Minas Gerais-Campus Bambuí, Bambuí 38900-000, MG, Brazil; (S.M.M.); (A.F.d.N.)
| | - Ariane Flávia do Nascimento
- Department of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Minas Gerais-Campus Bambuí, Bambuí 38900-000, MG, Brazil; (S.M.M.); (A.F.d.N.)
| | - Marco Miguel de Oliveira
- Biological Science, State University of Minas Gerais-Unit Ituiutaba, Ituiutaba 38302-192, MG, Brazil;
| | - Hudson Andrade dos Santos
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (H.A.d.S.); (A.d.C.A.)
| | | | | | - Anna Gabriela Guimarães Oliveira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
| | | | - Andreina de Carvalho Araujo
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (H.A.d.S.); (A.d.C.A.)
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Duarte-Benvenuto A, Sacristán C, Ewbank AC, Zamana-Ramblas R, Lial HC, Silva SC, Arias Lugo MA, Keid LB, Pessi CF, Sabbadini JR, Ribeiro VL, do Valle RDR, Bertozzi CP, Colosio AC, Ramos HDCG, Sánchez-Sarmiento AM, Ferioli RB, Pavanelli L, Ikeda JMP, Carvalho VL, Catardo Gonçalves FA, Ibáñez-Porras P, Sacristán I, Catão-Dias JL. Molecular Detection and Characterization of Mycoplasma spp. in Marine Mammals, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2471-2481. [PMID: 37987585 PMCID: PMC10683811 DOI: 10.3201/eid2912.230903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma spp. are wall-less bacteria able to infect mammals and are classified as hemotropic (hemoplasma) and nonhemotropic. In aquatic mammals, hemoplasma have been reported in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and river dolphins (Inia spp.). We investigated Mycoplasma spp. in blood samples of West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus), pinnipeds (5 species), and marine cetaceans (18 species) that stranded or were undergoing rehabilitation in Brazil during 2002-2022. We detected Mycoplasma in blood of 18/130 (14.8%) cetaceans and 3/18 (16.6%) pinnipeds. All tested manatees were PCR-negative for Mycoplasma. Our findings indicate that >2 different hemoplasma species are circulating in cetaceans. The sequences from pinnipeds were similar to previously described sequences. We also detected a nonhemotropic Mycoplasma in 2 Franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei) that might be associated with microscopic lesions. Because certain hemoplasmas can cause disease and death in immunosuppressed mammals, the bacteria could have conservation implications for already endangered aquatic mammals.
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