1
|
Tsujita M, Melchior JT, Yokoyama S. Lipoprotein Particles in Cerebrospinal Fluid. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1042-1052. [PMID: 38545782 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The brain is the most lipid-rich organ in the body, and the intricate interplay between lipid metabolism and pathologies associated with neurodegenerative disorders is being increasingly recognized. The brain is bathed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which, like plasma, contains lipid-protein complexes called lipoproteins that are responsible for extracellular lipid transport. Multiple CSF lipoprotein populations exist, some of which are produced de novo in the central nervous system and others that appear to be generated from protein constituents that are produced in the periphery. These CSF lipoproteins are thought to play key roles in maintaining lipid homeostasis in the central nervous system, while little else is known due to their limited accessibility and their low abundance in CSF. Recent work has provided new insights into the compositional complexity of CSF lipoprotein families and their metabolism in cerebral circulation. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current state of knowledge on the composition, origin, and metabolism of CSF lipoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Tsujita
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan (M.T.)
| | - John T Melchior
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington (J.T.M.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.T.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (J.T.M.)
| | - Shinji Yokoyama
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan (S.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Frankel R, Sparr E, Linse S. Retardation of Aβ42 fibril formation by apolipoprotein A-I and recombinant HDL particles. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105273. [PMID: 37739034 PMCID: PMC10616404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The double nucleation mechanism of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide aggregation is retained from buffer to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) but with reduced rate of all microscopic processes. Here, we used a bottom-up approach to identify retarding factors in CSF. We investigated the Aβ42 fibril formation as a function of time in the absence and presence of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), recombinant high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) particles, or lipid vesicles. A retardation was observed in the presence of ApoA-I or rHDL particles, most pronounced with ApoA-I, but not with lipid vesicles. Global kinetic analysis implies that rHDL interferes with secondary nucleation. The effect of ApoA-I could best be described as an interference with secondary and to a smaller extent primary nucleation. Using surface plasmon resonance and microfluidics diffusional sizing analyses, we find that both rHDL and ApoA-I interact with Aβ42 fibrils but not Aβ42 monomer, thus the effect on kinetics seems to involve interference with the catalytic surface for secondary nucleation. The Aβ42 fibrils were imaged using cryogenic-electron microscopy and found to be longer when formed in the presence of ApoA-I or rHDL, compared to formation in buffer. A retarding effect, as observed in CSF, could be replicated using a simpler system, from key components present in CSF but purified from a CSF-free host. However, the effect of CSF is stronger implying the presence of additional retarding factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Frankel
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Sparr
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Linse
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Turri M, Conti E, Pavanello C, Gastoldi F, Palumbo M, Bernini F, Aprea V, Re F, Barbiroli A, Emide D, Galimberti D, Tremolizzo L, Zimetti F, Calabresi L. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid cholesterol esterification is hampered in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:95. [PMID: 37210544 PMCID: PMC10199596 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate cholesterol esterification and HDL subclasses in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. METHODS The study enrolled 70 AD patients and 74 cognitively normal controls comparable for age and sex. Lipoprotein profile, cholesterol esterification, and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) were evaluated in plasma and CSF. RESULTS AD patients have normal plasma lipids but significantly reduced unesterified cholesterol and unesterified/total cholesterol ratio. Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity and cholesterol esterification rate (CER), two measures of the efficiency of the esterification process, were reduced by 29% and 16%, respectively, in the plasma of AD patients. Plasma HDL subclass distribution in AD patients was comparable to that of controls but the content of small discoidal preβ-HDL particles was significantly reduced. In agreement with the reduced preβ-HDL particles, cholesterol efflux capacity mediated by the transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 was reduced in AD patients' plasma. The CSF unesterified to total cholesterol ratio was increased in AD patients, and CSF CER and CEC from astrocytes were significantly reduced in AD patients. In the AD group, a significant positive correlation was observed between plasma unesterified cholesterol and unesterified/total cholesterol ratio with Aβ1-42 CSF content. CONCLUSION Taken together our data indicate that cholesterol esterification is hampered in plasma and CSF of AD patients and that plasma cholesterol esterification biomarkers (unesterified cholesterol and unesterified/total cholesterol ratio) are significantly associated to disease biomarkers (i.e., CSF Aβ1-42).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Turri
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Conti
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS "San Gerardo Dei Tintori", Monza, and University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Gastoldi
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Franco Bernini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Vittoria Aprea
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS "San Gerardo Dei Tintori", Monza, and University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Re
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Per Gli Alimenti, La Nutrizione E L'Ambiente, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Emide
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Per Gli Alimenti, La Nutrizione E L'Ambiente, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS "San Gerardo Dei Tintori", Monza, and University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Laura Calabresi
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meneri M, Abati E, Gagliardi D, Faravelli I, Parente V, Ratti A, Verde F, Ticozzi N, Comi GP, Ottoboni L, Corti S. Identification of Novel Biomarkers of Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Therapeutic Response by Proteomic and Metabolomic Profiling of Human Biological Fluid Samples. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051254. [PMID: 37238925 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease resulting from mutations or deletions in SMN1 that lead to progressive death of alpha motor neurons, ultimately leading to severe muscle weakness and atrophy, as well as premature death in the absence of treatment. Recent approval of SMN-increasing medications as SMA therapy has altered the natural course of the disease. Thus, accurate biomarkers are needed to predict SMA severity, prognosis, drug response, and overall treatment efficacy. This article reviews novel non-targeted omics strategies that could become useful clinical tools for patients with SMA. Proteomics and metabolomics can provide insights into molecular events underlying disease progression and treatment response. High-throughput omics data have shown that untreated SMA patients have different profiles than controls. In addition, patients who clinically improved after treatment have a different profile than those who did not. These results provide a glimpse on potential markers that could assist in identifying therapy responders, in tracing the course of the disease, and in predicting its outcome. These studies have been restricted by the limited number of patients, but the approaches are feasible and can unravel severity-specific neuro-proteomic and metabolic SMA signatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megi Meneri
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Stroke Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Abati
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Delia Gagliardi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Faravelli
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Parente
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095 Milan, Italy
- Department Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Verde
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo P Comi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Ottoboni
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ko YA, Billheimer JT, Lyssenko NN, Kueider-Paisley A, Wolk DA, Arnold SE, Leung YY, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Kaddurah-Daouk RF, Kling MA, Rader DJ. ApoJ/Clusterin concentrations are determinants of cerebrospinal fluid cholesterol efflux capacity and reduced levels are associated with Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:194. [PMID: 36572909 PMCID: PMC9791777 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) shares risk factors with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dysregulated cholesterol metabolism is a mechanism common to both diseases. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is an ex vivo metric of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function and inversely predicts incident CVD independently of other risk factors. Cholesterol pools in the central nervous system (CNS) are largely separate from those in blood, and CNS cholesterol excess may promote neurodegeneration. CEC of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be a useful measure of CNS cholesterol trafficking. We hypothesized that subjects with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) would have reduced CSF CEC compared with Cognitively Normal (CN) and that CSF apolipoproteins apoA-I, apoJ, and apoE might have associations with CSF CEC. METHODS We retrieved CSF and same-day ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma from 108 subjects (40 AD; 18 MCI; and 50 CN) from the Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research biobank at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. For CSF CEC assays, we used N9 mouse microglial cells and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, and the corresponding plasma assay used J774 cells. Cells were labeled with [3H]-cholesterol for 24 h, had ABCA1 expression upregulated for 6 h, were exposed to 33 μl of CSF, and then were incubated for 2.5 h. CEC was quantified as percent [3H]-cholesterol counts in medium of total counts medium+cells, normalized to a pool sample. ApoA-I, ApoJ, ApoE, and cholesterol were also measured in CSF. RESULTS We found that CSF CEC was significantly lower in MCI compared with controls and was poorly correlated with plasma CEC. CSF levels of ApoJ/Clusterin were also significantly lower in MCI and were significantly associated with CSF CEC. While CSF ApoA-I was also associated with CSF CEC, CSF ApoE had no association with CSF CEC. CSF CEC is significantly and positively associated with CSF Aβ. Taken together, ApoJ/Clusterin may be an important determinant of CSF CEC, which in turn could mitigate risk of MCI and AD risk by promoting cellular efflux of cholesterol or other lipids. In contrast, CSF ApoE does not appear to play a role in determining CSF CEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-An Ko
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Division of Translational Medicine and Human Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 11-125 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158 USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Billheimer
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Division of Translational Medicine and Human Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 11-125 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158 USA
| | - Nicholas N. Lyssenko
- grid.264727.20000 0001 2248 3398Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
| | - Alexandra Kueider-Paisley
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - David A. Wolk
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Steven E. Arnold
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Yuk Yee Leung
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Division of Translational Medicine and Human Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 11-125 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158 USA
| | - Rima F. Kaddurah-Daouk
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Mitchel A. Kling
- grid.262671.60000 0000 8828 4546Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, 42 E. Laurel Rd., Suite 1800, Stratford, NJ 08084 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Division of Translational Medicine and Human Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 11-125 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Emerging role of HDL in brain cholesterol metabolism and neurodegenerative disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159123. [PMID: 35151900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs play a key role in cholesterol homeostasis maintenance in the central nervous system (CNS), by carrying newly synthesized cholesterol from astrocytes to neurons, to support their lipid-related physiological functions. As occurs for plasma HDLs, brain lipoproteins are assembled through the activity of membrane cholesterol transporters, undergo remodeling mediated by specific enzymes and transport proteins, and finally deliver cholesterol to neurons by a receptor-mediated internalization process. A growing number of evidences indicates a strong association between alterations of CNS cholesterol homeostasis and neurodegenerative disorders, in particular Alzheimer's disease (AD), and a possible role in this relationship may be played by defects in brain HDL metabolism. In the present review, we summarize and critically examine the current state of knowledge on major modifications of HDL and HDL-mediated brain cholesterol transport in AD, by taking into consideration the individual steps of this process. We also describe potential and encouraging HDL-based therapies that could represent new therapeutic strategies for AD treatment. Finally, we revise the main plasma and brain HDL modifications in other neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
Collapse
|
7
|
Deng X, Saffari SE, Ng SYE, Chia N, Tan JY, Choi X, Heng DL, Xu Z, Tay KY, Au WL, Liu N, Ng A, Tan EK, Tan LCS. Blood Lipid Biomarkers in Early Parkinson's Disease and Parkinson's Disease with Mild Cognitive Impairment. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:1937-1943. [PMID: 35723114 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-213135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid biomarkers have potential neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease (PD) and there is limited evidence in the field. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the association between comprehensive blood lipid biomarkers and PD. METHODS A total of 205 PD patients and 102 non-PD subjects were included from Early Parkinson's disease Longitudinal Singapore (PALS) cohort. We investigated 6 serum lipid biomarkers including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (Apo B). PD patients were further classified into mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal cognition (NC) subgroups. We conducted a cross-sectionals study to examine the association between lipids and PD and further explored the relationship between lipids and PD-MCI. RESULTS PD patients had significantly lower level of lipid panel including TC, TG, HDL-C, Apo A1, LDL-C, and Apo B (all p < 0.05). TC, TG, Apo A1, and Apo B levels were independent protective factors (p < 0.05) for PD in the logistic regression model. PD-MCI group had significantly higher mean TC, TG, and Apo A1 levels compared to PD-NC group. Higher TC, TG, and Apo A1 levels were independent risk factors (p < 0.05) for PD-MCI. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that PD patients had significantly lower levels of lipid biomarkers while PD-MCI patients had higher levels of TC, TG, and Apo A1. TC, TG, and Apo A1 may be useful biomarkers for PD-MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Deng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seyed Ehsan Saffari
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samuel Yong Ern Ng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Chia
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jayne Yi Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Choi
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dede Liana Heng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zheyu Xu
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kay-Yaw Tay
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wing-Lok Au
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nan Liu
- Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adeline Ng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis C S Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Endres K. Apolipoprotein A1, the neglected relative of Apolipoprotein E and its potential role in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2141-2148. [PMID: 33818485 PMCID: PMC8354123 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins are multi-molecule assemblies with the primary function of transportation and processing of lipophilic substances within aqueous bodily fluids (blood, cerebrospinal fluid). Nevertheless, they also exert other physiological functions such as immune regulation. In particular, neurons are both sensitive to uncontrolled responses of the immune system and highly dependent on a controlled and sufficient supply of lipids. For this reason, the role of certain lipoproteins and their protein-component (apolipoproteins, Apo's) in neurological diseases is perceivable. ApoE, for example, is well-accepted as one of the major risk factors for sporadic Alzheimer's disease with a protective allele variant (ε2) and a risk-causing allele variant (ε4). ApoA1, the major protein component of high-density lipoproteins, is responsible for transportation of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. The protein is synthesized in the liver and intestine but also can enter the brain via the choroid plexus and thereby might have an impact on brain lipid homeostasis. This review focuses on the role of ApoA1 in Alzheimer's disease and discusses whether its role within this neurodegenerative disorder is specific or represents a general neuroprotective mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Paraoxonase Role in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010011. [PMID: 33374313 PMCID: PMC7824310 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body has biological redox systems capable of preventing or mitigating the damage caused by increased oxidative stress throughout life. One of them are the paraoxonase (PON) enzymes. The PONs genetic cluster is made up of three members (PON1, PON2, PON3) that share a structural homology, located adjacent to chromosome seven. The most studied enzyme is PON1, which is associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL), having paraoxonase, arylesterase and lactonase activities. Due to these characteristics, the enzyme PON1 has been associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we update the knowledge about the association of PON enzymes and their polymorphisms and the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD).
Collapse
|
10
|
Marsillach J, Adorni MP, Zimetti F, Papotti B, Zuliani G, Cervellati C. HDL Proteome and Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence of a Link. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1224. [PMID: 33287338 PMCID: PMC7761753 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of epidemiological evidence link increased levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) with lower risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This observed relationship might reflect the beneficial effects of HDL on the cardiovascular system, likely due to the implication of vascular dysregulation in AD development. The atheroprotective properties of this lipoprotein are mostly due to its proteome. In particular, apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I, E, and J and the antioxidant accessory protein paraoxonase 1 (PON1), are the main determinants of the biological function of HDL. Intriguingly, these HDL constituent proteins are also present in the brain, either from in situ expression, or derived from the periphery. Growing preclinical evidence suggests that these HDL proteins may prevent the aberrant changes in the brain that characterize AD pathogenesis. In the present review, we summarize and critically examine the current state of knowledge on the role of these atheroprotective HDL-associated proteins in AD pathogenesis and physiopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Marsillach
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Maria Pia Adorni
- Unit of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Francesca Zimetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Bianca Papotti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pedrini S, Chatterjee P, Hone E, Martins RN. High‐density lipoprotein‐related cholesterol metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 2020; 159:343-377. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Pedrini
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Pratishtha Chatterjee
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Eugene Hone
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Baka R, Eckersall D, Horvatic A, Gelemanovic A, Mrljak V, McLaughlin M, Athanasiou LV, Papaioannou N, Stylianaki I, Hanh HQ, Chadwick CC, Polizopoulou Z. Quantitative proteomics of cerebrospinal fluid using tandem mass tags in dogs with recurrent epileptic seizures. J Proteomics 2020; 231:103997. [PMID: 33011347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This prospective study included four dog groups (group A: healthy dogs, groups B: dogs with idiopathic epilepsy under antiepileptic medication (AEM), C: idiopathic epilepsy dogs without AEM administration, D: dogs with structural epilepsy). The purpose of the study was to compare the proteomic profile among the four groups. Samples were analyzed by a quantitative Tandem Mass Tags approach using a Q-Exactive-Plus mass-spectrometer. Identification and relative quantification were performed using Proteome Discoverer, and data were analyzed using R. Gene ontology terms were analyzed based on Canis lupus familiaris database. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD018893. Eighteen proteins were statistically significant among the four groups (P < 0.05). MMP2 and EFEMP2 appeared down-regulated whereas HP and APO-A1 were up-regulated (groups B, D). CLEC3B and PEBP4 were up-regulated whereas APO-A1 was down-regulated (group C). IGLL1 was down-regulated (groups B, C) and up-regulated (group D). EFEMP2 was the only protein detected among the four groups and PEBP4 was significantly different among the epileptic dogs. Western blot and SPARCL immunoassay were used to quantify HP abundance change, validating proteomic analysis. Both, showed good correlation with HP levels identified through proteomic analysis (r = 0.712 and r = 0.703, respectively). SIGNIFICANCE: The proteomic analysis from CSF of dogs with epileptic seizures could reflect that MMP2, HP and APO-A1 may contribute to a blood-brain barrier disruption through the seizure-induced inflammatory process in the brain. MMP2 change may indicate the activation of protective mechanisms within the brain tissue. Antiepileptic medication could influence several cellular responses and alter the CSF proteome composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Baka
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - David Eckersall
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Anita Horvatic
- VetMedZg Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Vladimir Mrljak
- VetMedZg Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mark McLaughlin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Labrini V Athanasiou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papaioannou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Stylianaki
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Han Quang Hanh
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Zoe Polizopoulou
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Książek W, Hammad M, Pławiak P, Acharya UR, Tadeusiewicz R. Development of novel ensemble model using stacking learning and evolutionary computation techniques for automated hepatocellular carcinoma detection. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
14
|
The Role of HDL and HDL Mimetic Peptides as Potential Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091276. [PMID: 32899606 PMCID: PMC7563116 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the cardiovascular system has been extensively studied and the cardioprotective effects of HDL are well established. As HDL particles are formed both in the systemic circulation and in the central nervous system, the role of HDL and its associated apolipoproteins in the brain has attracted much research interest in recent years. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide, for which there currently exists no approved disease modifying treatment. Multiple lines of evidence, including a number of large-scale human clinical studies, have shown a robust connection between HDL levels and AD. Low levels of HDL are associated with increased risk and severity of AD, whereas high levels of HDL are correlated with superior cognitive function. Although the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of HDL in the brain are not fully understood, many of the functions of HDL, including reverse lipid/cholesterol transport, anti-inflammation/immune modulation, anti-oxidation, microvessel endothelial protection, and proteopathy modification, are thought to be critical for its beneficial effects. This review describes the current evidence for the role of HDL in AD and the potential of using small peptides mimicking HDL or its associated apolipoproteins (HDL-mimetic peptides) as therapeutics to treat AD.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kaiser K, Bryja V. Choroid Plexus: The Orchestrator of Long-Range Signalling Within the CNS. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4760. [PMID: 32635478 PMCID: PMC7369786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the liquid that fills the brain ventricles. CSF represents not only a mechanical brain protection but also a rich source of signalling factors modulating diverse processes during brain development and adulthood. The choroid plexus (CP) is a major source of CSF and as such it has recently emerged as an important mediator of extracellular signalling within the brain. Growing interest in the CP revealed its capacity to release a broad variety of bioactive molecules that, via CSF, regulate processes across the whole central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, CP has been also recognized as a sensor, responding to altered composition of CSF associated with changes in the patterns of CNS activity. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the CP as a signalling centre that mediates long-range communication in the CNS. By providing a detailed account of the CP secretory repertoire, we describe how the CP contributes to the regulation of the extracellular environment-in the context of both the embryonal as well as the adult CNS. We highlight the role of the CP as an important regulator of CNS function that acts via CSF-mediated signalling. Further studies of CP-CSF signalling hold the potential to provide key insights into the biology of the CNS, with implications for better understanding and treatment of neuropathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Kaiser
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Khoonsari PE, Shevchenko G, Herman S, Remnestål J, Giedraitis V, Brundin R, Degerman Gunnarsson M, Kilander L, Zetterberg H, Nilsson P, Lannfelt L, Ingelsson M, Kultima K. Improved Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease by Integrating ELISA and Mass Spectrometry-Based Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 67:639-651. [PMID: 30614806 PMCID: PMC6398544 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is diagnosed based on a clinical evaluation as well as analyses of classical biomarkers: Aβ42, total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Although the sensitivities and specificities of the classical biomarkers are fairly good for detection of AD, there is still a need to develop novel biochemical markers for early detection of AD. Objective: We explored if integration of novel proteins with classical biomarkers in CSF can better discriminate AD from non-AD subjects. Methods: We applied ELISA, mass spectrometry, and multivariate modeling to investigate classical biomarkers and the CSF proteome in subjects (n = 206) with 76 AD patients, 74 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, 11 frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients, and 45 non-dementia controls. The MCI patients were followed for 4–9 years and 21 of these converted to AD, whereas 53 remained stable. Results: By combining classical CSF biomarkers with twelve novel markers, the area of the ROC curves (AUROCS) of distinguishing AD and MCI/AD converters from non-AD were 93% and 96%, respectively. The FTDs and non-dementia controls were identified versus all other groups with AUROCS of 96% and 87%, respectively. Conclusions: Integration of new and classical CSF biomarkers in a model-based approach can improve the identification of AD, FTD, and non-dementia control subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payam Emami Khoonsari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ganna Shevchenko
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Herman
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julia Remnestål
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - RoseMarie Brundin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kim Kultima
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Stoye NM, Jung P, Guilherme MDS, Lotz J, Fellgiebel A, Endres K. Apolipoprotein A1 in Cerebrospinal Fluid Is Insufficient to Distinguish Alzheimer's Disease from Other Dementias in a Naturalistic, Clinical Setting. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:15-19. [PMID: 32206754 PMCID: PMC7081088 DOI: 10.3233/adr-190165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is the major protein component of the high-density lipoprotein and involved in cholesterol transport. Disruption of cholesterol homeostasis has been identified as a contributing factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Moreover, polymorphisms of ApoA1 have been associated with higher risk of disease onset and cognitive decline. Therefore, ApoA1 has been suggested as a biomarker in AD. Here, we tested a small cohort of AD and non-AD dementia patients and measured levels of ApoA1 in cerebrospinal fluid. Our results indicate that ApoA1 might not be applicable to distinguish AD from other forms of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Maximilian Stoye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Patrick Jung
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Malena Dos Santos Guilherme
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Lotz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Fellgiebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zou S, Zhang J, Chen W. Subtypes Based on Six Apolipoproteins in Non-Demented Elderly Are Associated with Cognitive Decline and Subsequent Tau Accumulation in Cerebrospinal Fluid. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 72:413-423. [PMID: 31594221 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoproteins (APOs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we aimed to investigate if patterns of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) APOs (APOA-I, APOC-III, APOD, APOE, APOH, and APOJ) levels are associated with changes over time in cognition, memory performance, neuroimaging markers, and AD-related pathologies (CSF Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau) in non-demented older adults. At baseline, a total of 241 non-demented older adults with CSF APOs data was included in the present analysis. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis including the six CSF APOs was carried out. Among non-demented older adults, we identified two clusters. Compare with the first cluster, the second cluster had higher levels of APOs in CSF. Additionally, the second cluster showed a more benign disease course, including slower cognitive decline and slower p-tau accumulation in CSF. Our data highlight the importance of APOs in the pathogenesis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhen Zou
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Independent Researcher, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Marchi C, Adorni MP, Caffarra P, Ronda N, Spallazzi M, Barocco F, Galimberti D, Bernini F, Zimetti F. ABCA1- and ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity of cerebrospinal fluid is impaired in Alzheimer's disease. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1449-1456. [PMID: 31167810 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p091033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
HDL-like particles in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) promote the efflux of cholesterol from astrocytes toward the neurons that rely on this supply for their functions. We evaluated whether cell cholesterol efflux capacity of CSF (CSF-CEC) is impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by analyzing AD (n = 37) patients, non-AD dementia (non-AD DEM; n = 16) patients, and control subjects (n = 39). As expected, AD patients showed reduced CSF Aβ 1-42, increased total and phosphorylated tau, and a higher frequency of the apoε4 genotype. ABCA1- and ABCG1-mediated CSF-CEC was markedly reduced in AD (-73% and -33%, respectively) but not in non-AD DEM patients, in which a reduced passive diffusion CEC (-40%) was observed. Non-AD DEM patients displayed lower CSF apoE concentrations (-24%) compared with controls, while apoA-I levels were similar among groups. No differences in CSF-CEC were found by stratifying subjects for apoε4 status. ABCG1 CSF-CEC positively correlated with Aβ 1-42 (r = 0.305, P = 0.025), while ABCA1 CSF-CEC inversely correlated with total and phosphorylated tau (r = -0.348, P = 0.018 and r = -0.294, P = 0.048, respectively). The CSF-CEC impairment and the correlation with the neurobiochemical markers suggest a pathophysiological link between CSF HDL-like particle dysfunction and neurodegeneration in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Marchi
- Department of Food and Drug University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Caffarra
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Neurology University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Alzheimer Center Briolini Hospital, Gazzaniga, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ronda
- Department of Food and Drug University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Spallazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Neurology University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Barocco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Neurology University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Bernini
- Department of Food and Drug University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dhiman K, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Martins RN, Gupta VB. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for understanding multiple aspects of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1833-1863. [PMID: 30770953 PMCID: PMC11105672 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial age-related brain disease. Numerous pathological events run forth in the brain leading to AD. There is an initial long, dormant phase before the clinical symptoms become evident. There is a need to diagnose the disease at the preclinical stage since therapeutic interventions are most likely to be effective if initiated early. Undoubtedly, the core cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have a good diagnostic accuracy and have been used in clinical trials as end point measures. However, looking into the multifactorial nature of AD and the overlapping pathology with other forms of dementia, it is important to integrate the core CSF biomarkers with a broader panel of other biomarkers reflecting different aspects of pathology. The review is focused upon a panel of biomarkers that relate to different aspects of AD pathology, as well as various studies that have evaluated their diagnostic potential. The panel includes markers of neurodegeneration: neurofilament light chain and visinin-like protein (VILIP-1); markers of amyloidogenesis and brain amyloidosis: apolipoproteins; markers of inflammation: YKL-40 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; marker of synaptic dysfunction: neurogranin. These markers can highlight on the state and stage-associated changes that occur in AD brain with disease progression. A combination of these biomarkers would not only aid in preclinical diagnosis, but would also help in identifying early brain changes during the onset of disease. Successful treatment strategies can be devised by understanding the contribution of these markers in different aspects of disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Dhiman
- Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Veer Bala Gupta
- Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wallin A, Román GC, Esiri M, Kettunen P, Svensson J, Paraskevas GP, Kapaki E. Update on Vascular Cognitive Impairment Associated with Subcortical Small-Vessel Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 62:1417-1441. [PMID: 29562536 PMCID: PMC5870030 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Subcortical small-vessel disease (SSVD) is a disorder well characterized from the clinical, imaging, and neuropathological viewpoints. SSVD is considered the most prevalent ischemic brain disorder, increasing in frequency with age. Vascular risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, elevated homocysteine, and obstructive sleep apnea. Ischemic white matter lesions are the hallmark of SSVD; other pathological lesions include arteriolosclerosis, dilatation of perivascular spaces, venous collagenosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, microbleeds, microinfarcts, lacunes, and large infarcts. The pathogenesis of SSVD is incompletely understood but includes endothelial changes and blood-brain barrier alterations involving metalloproteinases, vascular endothelial growth factors, angiotensin II, mindin/spondin, and the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Metabolic and genetic conditions may also play a role but hitherto there are few conclusive studies. Clinical diagnosis of SSVD includes early executive dysfunction manifested by impaired capacity to use complex information, to formulate strategies, and to exercise self-control. In comparison with Alzheimer's disease (AD), patients with SSVD show less pronounced episodic memory deficits. Brain imaging has advanced substantially the diagnostic tools for SSVD. With the exception of cortical microinfarcts, all other lesions are well visualized with MRI. Diagnostic biomarkers that separate AD from SSVD include reduction of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β (Aβ)42 and of the ratio Aβ42/Aβ40 often with increased total tau levels. However, better markers of small-vessel function of intracerebral blood vessels are needed. The treatment of SSVD remains unsatisfactory other than control of vascular risk factors. There is an urgent need of finding targets to slow down and potentially halt the progression of this prevalent, but often unrecognized, disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Wallin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg Sweden and Memory Clinic at Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sahlgrenska University, Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gustavo C. Román
- Department of Neurology, Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret Esiri
- Neuropathology Department, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Petronella Kettunen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg Sweden and Memory Clinic at Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sahlgrenska University, Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Johan Svensson
- Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - George P. Paraskevas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Neurochemistry Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Kapaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, Neurochemistry Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|