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Rossi S, Gottardi D, Barbiroli A, Di Nunzio M, Siroli L, Braschi G, Schlüter O, Patrignani F, Lanciotti R. Effect of Combined High-Pressure Homogenization and Biotechnological Processes on Chitin, Protein, and Antioxidant Activity of Cricket Powder-Based Ingredients. Foods 2024; 13:449. [PMID: 38338584 PMCID: PMC10855496 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to evaluate the combined effect of a biotechnology process, based on selected yeast strains, and a high-pressure homogenization (HPH) treatment on the microbiological quality, structural organization of proteins, chitin content, and antioxidant activity of a mixture of cricket powder (Acheta domesticus) and water. Compared to untreated samples, the cricket matrix treated with HPH four times at 180 MPa promoted the growth of the inoculated Yarrowia lipolytica and Debaryomyces hansenii strains. HPH did not affect the concentration of chitin; however, the combination with microorganisms tended to reduce the content. Although the antioxidant activity increased from 0.52 to 0.68 TAC mM/TE after a 48 h incubation in the control, it was further improved by the combination of HPH and D. hansenii metabolism, reaching a value of 0.77 TAC mM/TE. The combination of the two approaches also promoted a reduction in the intensity of bands with molecular weights between 31 and 21.5 kDa in favor of bands with a lower molecular weight. In addition, HPH treatment reduced the number of accessible thiols, suggesting protein structure changes that may further impact the technological properties of cricket powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Rossi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy (L.S.); (G.B.); (O.S.); (F.P.); (R.L.)
| | - Davide Gottardi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy (L.S.); (G.B.); (O.S.); (F.P.); (R.L.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.B.); (M.D.N.)
| | - Mattia Di Nunzio
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.B.); (M.D.N.)
| | - Lorenzo Siroli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy (L.S.); (G.B.); (O.S.); (F.P.); (R.L.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Braschi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy (L.S.); (G.B.); (O.S.); (F.P.); (R.L.)
| | - Oliver Schlüter
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy (L.S.); (G.B.); (O.S.); (F.P.); (R.L.)
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Francesca Patrignani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy (L.S.); (G.B.); (O.S.); (F.P.); (R.L.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Rosalba Lanciotti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy (L.S.); (G.B.); (O.S.); (F.P.); (R.L.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
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Heinzl GC, De Benedetti S, Lusignani N, Magni C, Barbiroli A, Scarafoni A. A not-glycosylated isoform of γ-conglutin, a hexameric glycoprotein of Lupinus albus seed, participates in the oligomerization equilibrium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 673:175-178. [PMID: 37392481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
γ-conglutin (γ-C) is a hexameric glycoprotein accumulated in lupin seeds and has long been considered as a storage protein. Recently, it has been investigated for its possible postprandial glycaemic regulating action in human nutrition and for its physiological role in plant defence. The quaternary structure of γ-C results from the assembly of six monomers in reversible pH-dependent association/dissociation equilibrium. Our working hypothesis was that the γ-C hexamer is made up of glycosylated subunits in association with not-glycosylated isoforms, that seem to have 'escaped' the correct glycosylation process in the Golgi. Here we describe the isolation of not-glycosylated γ-C monomers in native condition by two in tandem lectin-based affinity chromatography and the characterization of their oligomerization capacity. We report, for the first time, the observation that a plant multimeric protein may be formed by identical polypeptide chains that have undergone different post-translational modifications. All obtained considered, the results strongly suggest that the not-glycosylated isoform can also take part in the oligomerization equilibrium of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta C Heinzl
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
| | - Stefano De Benedetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Lusignani
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Magni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio Scarafoni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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Turri M, Conti E, Pavanello C, Gastoldi F, Palumbo M, Bernini F, Aprea V, Re F, Barbiroli A, Emide D, Galimberti D, Tremolizzo L, Zimetti F, Calabresi L. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid cholesterol esterification is hampered in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:95. [PMID: 37210544 PMCID: PMC10199596 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate cholesterol esterification and HDL subclasses in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. METHODS The study enrolled 70 AD patients and 74 cognitively normal controls comparable for age and sex. Lipoprotein profile, cholesterol esterification, and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) were evaluated in plasma and CSF. RESULTS AD patients have normal plasma lipids but significantly reduced unesterified cholesterol and unesterified/total cholesterol ratio. Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity and cholesterol esterification rate (CER), two measures of the efficiency of the esterification process, were reduced by 29% and 16%, respectively, in the plasma of AD patients. Plasma HDL subclass distribution in AD patients was comparable to that of controls but the content of small discoidal preβ-HDL particles was significantly reduced. In agreement with the reduced preβ-HDL particles, cholesterol efflux capacity mediated by the transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 was reduced in AD patients' plasma. The CSF unesterified to total cholesterol ratio was increased in AD patients, and CSF CER and CEC from astrocytes were significantly reduced in AD patients. In the AD group, a significant positive correlation was observed between plasma unesterified cholesterol and unesterified/total cholesterol ratio with Aβ1-42 CSF content. CONCLUSION Taken together our data indicate that cholesterol esterification is hampered in plasma and CSF of AD patients and that plasma cholesterol esterification biomarkers (unesterified cholesterol and unesterified/total cholesterol ratio) are significantly associated to disease biomarkers (i.e., CSF Aβ1-42).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Turri
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Conti
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS "San Gerardo Dei Tintori", Monza, and University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Gastoldi
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Franco Bernini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Vittoria Aprea
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS "San Gerardo Dei Tintori", Monza, and University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Re
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Per Gli Alimenti, La Nutrizione E L'Ambiente, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Emide
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Per Gli Alimenti, La Nutrizione E L'Ambiente, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS "San Gerardo Dei Tintori", Monza, and University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Laura Calabresi
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Borgonovi SM, Chiarello E, Pasini F, Picone G, Marzocchi S, Capozzi F, Bordoni A, Barbiroli A, Marti A, Iametti S, Di Nunzio M. Effect of Sprouting on Biomolecular and Antioxidant Features of Common Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum). Foods 2023; 12:foods12102047. [PMID: 37238865 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Buckwheat is a pseudo-cereal widely grown and consumed throughout the world. Buckwheat is recognized as a good source of nutrients and, in combination with other health-promoting components, is receiving increasing attention as a potential functional food. Despite the high nutritional value of buckwheat, a variety of anti-nutritional features makes it difficult to exploit its full potential. In this framework, sprouting (or germination) may represent a process capable of improving the macromolecular profile, including reducing anti-nutritional factors and/or synthesizing or releasing bioactives. This study addressed changes in the biomolecular profile and composition of buckwheat that was sprouted for 48 and 72 h. Sprouting increased the content of peptides and free-phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity, caused a marked decline in the concentration of several anti-nutritional components, and affected the metabolomic profile with an overall improvement in the nutritional characteristics. These results further confirm sprouting as a process suitable for improving the compositional traits of cereals and pseudo-cereals, and are further steps towards the exploitation of sprouted buckwheat as a high-quality ingredient in innovative products of industrial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Margherita Borgonovi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Chiarello
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Federica Pasini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research (CIRI), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Picone
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Silvia Marzocchi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Francesco Capozzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research (CIRI), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bordoni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research (CIRI), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Iametti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Di Nunzio
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Bresciani A, Erba D, Casiraghi MC, Iametti S, Marti A, Barbiroli A. Pasta from Red Lentils ( Lens culinaris): The Effect of Pasta-Making Process on Starch and Protein Features, and Cooking Behavior. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244040. [PMID: 36553780 PMCID: PMC9778262 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of pasta-making processes on starch and protein features, as well as cooking behavior, and nutritional properties (i.e., resistant starch and starch in vitro digestibility) were assessed. Pasta from raw red lentils (R) was prepared by conventional extrusion (C_R) and extrusion-cooking (EC_R), whereas heat-treated red lentils (HT) were processed into pasta by conventional extrusion (C_HT). A "high protein" and "high fiber" pasta was prepared. Using HT was effective in increasing the luminosity (that was about 88, 91, and 96 for EC_R, C_R, and C_HT, respectively), and decreasing the presence of defects on the pasta surface (heterogeneity was 5%, 36%, and 45% for C_HT, EC_R, and C_R, respectively). Heat treatment on grains or flour significantly increased starch susceptibility to α-amylase (6.6, 7.4, and 8.6% for C_R, C_HT, and EC_R, respectively) and decreased the final viscosity (from 335 BU in C_R to 287 and 291 BU in EC_R and C_HT), resulting in a significant increase in starch digestibility (slowly digestible starch was about 41, 27, and 26% in C_R, C_HT, and EC_R, respectively). As regards proteins, the main effect on their structure was observed in C_HT, where the cooking behavior was much improved and cooking losses were lowest (5.7%). On the other hand, protein and starch organization in EC_R might have accounted for pasta resistance in overcooking.
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Turri M, Pavanello C, Gastoldi F, Conti E, Emide D, Barbiroli A, Tremolizzo L, Calabresi L. Lipoprotein metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease: CSF and plasma HDL characterization in an Italian cohort. Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Korcari D, Ricci G, Fanton A, Emide D, Barbiroli A, Fortina MG. Exploration of Lactiplantibacillus fabifermentans and Furfurilactobacillus rossiae as potential cocoa fermentation starters. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1769-1780. [PMID: 35751485 PMCID: PMC9540988 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the characteristics of two minority autochthonous LAB species, with particular regard to those properties that could be exploited in an improved cocoa fermentation process from a quality and safety point of view. METHODS AND RESULTS Bacterial, yeast and mould strains characteristic of spontaneously fermented Dominican cocoa beans were isolated and identified by 16S or 26S rRNA gene sequencing. The potential of two autochthonous strains of LAB belonging to the species Lactiplantibacillus fabifermentans and Furfurilactibacillus rossiae were investigated. The two selected LAB strains were able to utilize glucose and fructose, produced mainly D-L lactic acid and had a good ability to resist to cocoa-related stress conditions such as low pH, high temperature and high osmotic pressure, as well as to grow in sterile cocoa pulp. The strains did not inhibit the growth of yeasts and acetic acid bacteria, that are essential to the cocoa fermentation process, and possessed a complex pool of peptidases especially active on hydrophobic amino acids. The strains also showed antifungal activity against mould species that can be found at the final stages of cocoa fermentation, as Aspergillus tamarii, A. nidulans, Lichtheimia ornata and Rhizomucor pusillus, CONCLUSIONS: The tested strains are good candidates for the design of starter cultures for a controlled cocoa fermentation process. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This research showcases the potential of two alternative LAB species to the dominating Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Limosilactibacillus fermentum as cocoa fermentation starters, with an interesting activity in improving the safety and quality of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Korcari
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Fanton
- Rizek Cocoa S.A.S., San Francisco de Macorìs, Dominican Republic
| | - Davide Emide
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Fortina
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Bonomi F, Iametti S, Barbiroli A. Protein interactions in the biological assembly of iron-sulfur clusters in Escherichia coli: Molecular and mechanistic aspects of the earliest assembly steps. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:723-732. [PMID: 35611886 PMCID: PMC9321986 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This contribution focuses on the earliest steps of the assembly of FeS clusters and their insertion into acceptor apoproteins, that call for transient formation of a 2Fe2S cluster on a scaffold protein from sulfide and iron salts. For the sake of simplicity, this report is essentially limited to the Escherichia coli isc-encoded proteins and does not take into account agents that modulate the enzymatic synthesis of sulfide by protein in the same operon or the redox events associated with both sulfide generation and conversion of 2Fe2S structures in clusters of higher nuclearity. Therefore, the results discussed here are based on chemical reconstitution systems using inorganic sulfide, ferric salts, and excess thiols. This simplification offers the possibility to address some mechanistic issues related to the role of protein/protein interaction as for modulating: (a) the rate of cluster assembly on scaffold proteins; (b) the stability of the cluster on the scaffold protein; and (c) the rate of transfer to acceptor apoproteins as also influenced by the acceptor concentration. The emerging picture highlights the mechanistic versatility of the systems, that is discussed in terms of the capability of such an apparently simple combination of proteins to cope with various physiological situation. The hypothetical mechanism presented here may represent an additional way of modulating the rate and outcome of the overall process while avoiding potential toxicity issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bonomi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Iametti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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9
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Bianchi G, Mangiagalli M, Barbiroli A, Longhi S, Grandori R, Santambrogio C, Brocca S. Distribution of Charged Residues Affects the Average Size and Shape of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040561. [PMID: 35454150 PMCID: PMC9031945 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are ensembles of interconverting conformers whose conformational properties are governed by several physico-chemical factors, including their amino acid composition and the arrangement of oppositely charged residues within the primary structure. In this work, we investigate the effects of charge patterning on the average compactness and shape of three model IDPs with different proline content. We model IDP ensemble conformations as ellipsoids, whose size and shape are calculated by combining data from size-exclusion chromatography and native mass spectrometry. For each model IDP, we analyzed the wild-type protein and two synthetic variants with permuted positions of charged residues, where positive and negative amino acids are either evenly distributed or segregated. We found that charge clustering induces remodeling of the conformational ensemble, promoting compaction and/or increasing spherical shape. Our data illustrate that the average shape and volume of the ensembles depend on the charge distribution. The potential effect of other factors, such as chain length, number of proline residues, and secondary structure content, is also discussed. This methodological approach is a straightforward way to model IDP average conformation and decipher the salient sequence attributes influencing IDP structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Bianchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Marco Mangiagalli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Departement of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sonia Longhi
- Laboratory Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France;
| | - Rita Grandori
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Carlo Santambrogio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.M.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (S.B.); Tel.: +39-02-6448-3363 (C.S.); +39-02-6448-3518 (S.B.)
| | - Stefania Brocca
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (M.M.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (S.B.); Tel.: +39-02-6448-3363 (C.S.); +39-02-6448-3518 (S.B.)
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10
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Ballabio F, Broggini L, Paissoni C, Han X, Peqini K, Sala BM, Sun R, Sandalova T, Barbiroli A, Achour A, Pellegrino S, Ricagno S, Camilloni C. l- to d-Amino Acid Substitution in the Immunodominant LCMV-Derived Epitope gp33 Highlights the Sensitivity of the TCR Recognition Mechanism for the MHC/Peptide Structure and Dynamics. ACS Omega 2022; 7:9622-9635. [PMID: 35350306 PMCID: PMC8945122 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Presentation of pathogen-derived epitopes by major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) can lead to the activation and expansion of specific CD8+ T cell clones, eventually resulting in the destruction of infected target cells. Altered peptide ligands (APLs), designed to elicit immunogenicity toward a wild-type peptide, may affect the overall stability of MHC-I/peptide (pMHC) complexes and modulate the recognition by T cell receptors (TCR). Previous works have demonstrated that proline substitution at position 3 (p3P) of different MHC-restricted epitopes, including the immunodominant LCMV-derived epitope gp33 and escape variants, may be an effective design strategy to increase epitope immunogenicity. These studies hypothesized that the p3P substitution increases peptide rigidity, facilitating TCR binding. Here, molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the p3P modification rigidifies the APLs in solution predisposing them for the MHC-I loading as well as once bound to H-2Db, predisposing them for TCR binding. Our results also indicate that peptide position 6, key for interaction of H-2Db/gp33 with the TCR P14, takes a suboptimal conformation before as well as after binding to the TCR. Analyses of H-2Db in complex with APLs, in which position 6 was subjected to an l- to d-amino acid modification, revealed small conformational changes and comparable pMHC thermal stability. However, the l- to d-modification reduced significantly the binding to P14 even in the presence of the p3P modification. Our combined data highlight the sensitivity of the TCR for the conformational dynamics of pMHC and provide further tools to dissect and modulate TCR binding and immunogenicity via APLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ballabio
- Dipartimento
di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Luca Broggini
- Dipartimento
di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese 20097, Italy
| | - Cristina Paissoni
- Dipartimento
di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Xiao Han
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute,
& Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska
University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Kaliroi Peqini
- DISFARM,
Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione Chimica Generale e
Organica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Benedetta Maria Sala
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute,
& Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska
University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Renhua Sun
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute,
& Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska
University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Tatyana Sandalova
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute,
& Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska
University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Adnane Achour
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute,
& Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska
University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Sara Pellegrino
- DISFARM,
Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione Chimica Generale e
Organica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Dipartimento
di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese 20097, Italy
| | - Carlo Camilloni
- Dipartimento
di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
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11
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Alamprese C, Rollini M, Musatti A, Ferranti P, Barbiroli A. Emulsifying and foaming properties of a hydrophobin-based food ingredient from Trichoderma reesei: A phenomenological comparative study. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.113060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Barbiroli A, Iametti S, Bonomi F. Beta-Lactoglobulin as a Model Food Protein: How to Promote, Prevent, and Exploit Its Unfolding Processes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031131. [PMID: 35164393 PMCID: PMC8838232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine milk beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) is a small whey protein that is a common ingredient in many foods. Many of the properties of BLG relevant to the food industry are related to its unfolding processes induced by physical or chemical treatments. Unfolding occurs through a number of individual steps, generating transient intermediates through reversible and irreversible modifications. The rate of formation of these intermediates and of their further evolution into different structures often dictates the outcome of a given process. This report addresses the main structural features of the BLG unfolding intermediates under conditions that may facilitate or impair their formation in response to chemical or physical denaturing agents. In consideration of the short lifespan of the transient species generated upon unfolding, this review also discusses how various methodological approaches may be adapted in exploring the process-dependent structural modifications of BLG from a kinetic and/or a thermodynamic standpoint. Some of the conceptual and methodological approaches presented and discussed in this review can provide hints for improving the understanding of transient conformers formation by proteins present in other food systems, as well as when other physical or chemical denaturing agents are acting on proteins much different from BLG in complex food systems.
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13
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Russo R, Romeo M, Schulte T, Maritan M, Oberti L, Barzago MM, Barbiroli A, Pappone C, Anastasia L, Palladini G, Diomede L, Ricagno S. Cu(II) Binding Increases the Soluble Toxicity of Amyloidogenic Light Chains. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020950. [PMID: 35055136 PMCID: PMC8780072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is caused by the aberrant overproduction of immunoglobulin light chains (LCs). The resulting abnormally high LC concentrations in blood lead to deposit formation in the heart and other target organs. Organ damage is caused not only by the accumulation of bulky amyloid deposits, but extensive clinical data indicate that circulating soluble LCs also exert cardiotoxic effects. The nematode C. elegans has been validated to recapitulate LC soluble toxicity in vivo, and in such a model a role for copper ions in increasing LC soluble toxicity has been reported. Here, we applied microscale thermophoresis, isothermal calorimetry and thermal melting to demonstrate the specific binding of Cu2+ to the variable domain of amyloidogenic H7 with a sub-micromolar affinity. Histidine residues present in the LC sequence are not involved in the binding, and yet their mutation to Ala reduces the soluble toxicity of H7. Copper ions bind to and destabilize the variable domains and induce a limited stabilization in this domain. In summary, the data reported here, elucidate the biochemical bases of the Cu2+-induced toxicity; moreover, they also show that copper binding is just one of the several biochemical traits contributing to LC soluble in vivo toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Russo
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e Dei Trapianti, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20090 Segrate, Italy;
| | - Margherita Romeo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Farmacologia Molecolare, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Tim Schulte
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy; (T.S.); (C.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Martina Maritan
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (L.O.)
| | - Luca Oberti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (L.O.)
| | - Maria Monica Barzago
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Farmacologia Molecolare, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, La Nutrizione e L’Ambiente, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy; (T.S.); (C.P.); (L.A.)
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy; (T.S.); (C.P.); (L.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palladini
- Amyloidosis Treatment and Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Farmacologia Molecolare, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (M.M.B.)
- Correspondence: (L.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy; (T.S.); (C.P.); (L.A.)
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (L.O.)
- Correspondence: (L.D.); (S.R.)
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14
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Bollati M, Diomede L, Giorgino T, Natale C, Fagnani E, Boniardi I, Barbiroli A, Alemani R, Beeg M, Gobbi M, Fakin A, Mastrangelo E, Milani M, Presciuttini G, Gabellieri E, Cioni P, de Rosa M. A novel hotspot of gelsolin instability triggers an alternative mechanism of amyloid aggregation. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:6355-6365. [PMID: 34938411 PMCID: PMC8649582 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelsolin comprises six homologous domains, named G1 to G6. Single point substitutions in this protein are responsible for AGel amyloidosis, a hereditary disease causing progressive corneal lattice dystrophy, cutis laxa, and polyneuropathy. Although several different amyloidogenic variants of gelsolin have been identified, only the most common mutants present in the G2 domain have been thoroughly characterized, leading to clarification of the functional mechanism. The molecular events underlying the pathological aggregation of 3 recently identified mutations, namely A551P, E553K and M517R, all localized at the interface between G4 and G5, are here explored for the first time. Structural studies point to destabilization of the interface between G4 and G5 due to three structural determinants: β-strand breaking, steric hindrance and/or charge repulsion, all implying impairment of interdomain contacts. Such rearrangements decrease the temperature and pressure stability of gelsolin but do not alter its susceptibility to furin cleavage, the first event in the canonical aggregation pathway. These variants also have a greater tendency to aggregate in the unproteolysed forms and exhibit higher proteotoxicity in a C. elegans-based assay. Our data suggest that aggregation of G4G5 variants follows an alternative, likely proteolysis-independent, pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bollati
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Toni Giorgino
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Carmina Natale
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Fagnani
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Irene Boniardi
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Alemani
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Marten Beeg
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Ana Fakin
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eloise Mastrangelo
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Milani
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Edi Gabellieri
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cioni
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo de Rosa
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bresciani
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Stefania Iametti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Davide Emide
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Alessandra Marti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
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16
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Marengo M, Bonomi F, Iametti S, Ferranti P, Barbiroli A. Monitoring the carryover of egg proteins in pasta making to support allergen risk management. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:1087-1095. [PMID: 33955824 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1916098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Egg proteins are among the major food allergens. Very often, the same pasta-making plants are used for industrial production of egg-based pasta (EBP) and semolina-only pasta (SP), so that residual egg proteins may be present in SP. This calls for defining the amount of semolina pasta that should be discarded when switching production lines. In this study, the egg proteins content was measured in pasta samples taken at various times after switching production lines from EBP to SP Both long and short pasta shapes were sampled before and after a drying step. Protocols meant to circumvent the difficulties associated with detecting egg proteins in a complex matrix after processing were set up for using commercial ELISA kits to monitor the disappearance of egg proteins from the products. The use of both denaturants and disulphide reductants to solubilise egg proteins was found to be mandatory, as verified by ovalbumin detection by ELISA and by using mass spectrometry to assess residual egg white lysozyme. Appropriate sample preparation protocols were used to monitor the progressive disappearance of egg proteins in the products when shifting production lines in an industrial pasta plant, providing a basis for credible, reliable, and consistent self-control procedures. For lines with a production capacity of 2200-2400 kg h-1, the amount of material to be discarded to ensure that products meet the strictest analytical requirements has been found to be around 2000-3000 kg (for long pasta) and 3000-4000 kg (for short pasta).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Marengo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (Defens), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Drug Science and Technology (DSTF), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonomi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (Defens), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Iametti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (Defens), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (Defens), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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17
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Mangiagalli M, Barbiroli A, Santambrogio C, Ferrari C, Nardini M, Lotti M, Brocca S. The activity and stability of a cold-active acylaminoacyl peptidase rely on its dimerization by domain swapping. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:263-274. [PMID: 33775759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of enzymes from extremophiles arouses interest in Protein Science because of the amazing solutions these proteins adopt to cope with extreme conditions. Recently solved, the structure of the psychrophilic acyl aminoacyl peptidase from Sporosarcina psychrophila (SpAAP) pinpoints a mechanism of dimerization unusual for this class of enzymes. The quaternary structure of SpAAP relies on a domain-swapping mechanism involving the N-terminal A1 helix. The A1 helix is conserved among homologous mesophilic and psychrophilic proteins and its deletion causes the formation of a monomeric enzyme, which is inactive and prone to aggregate. Here, we investigate the dimerization mechanism of SpAAP through the analysis of chimeric heterodimers where a protomer lacking the A1 helix combines with a protomer carrying the inactivated catalytic site. Our results indicate that the two active sites are independent, and that a single A1 helix is sufficient to partially recover the quaternary structure and the activity of chimeric heterodimers. Since catalytically competent protomers are unstable and inactive unless they dimerize, SpAAP reveals as an "obligomer" for both structural and functional reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mangiagalli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Santambrogio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Ferrari
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Nardini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Lotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Brocca
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy.
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18
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Contini A, Erba E, Bondavalli V, Barbiroli A, Gelmi ML, Romanelli A. Morpholino-based peptide oligomers: Synthesis and DNA binding properties. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 549:8-13. [PMID: 33652207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The chemical structure of oligonucleotide analogues dictates the conformation of oligonucleotide analogue oligomers, their ability to hybridize complementary DNA and RNA, their stability to degradation and their pharmacokinetic properties. In a study aimed at investigating new analogues featuring a neutral backbone, we explored the ability of oligomers containing a morpholino-peptide backbone to bind oligonucleotides. Circular Dichroism studies revealed the ability of our oligomers to interact with DNA, molecular modelling studies revealed the interaction responsible for complex stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Erba
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Bondavalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- DeFENS - Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Gelmi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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19
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Abstract
All Fe-S proteins are characterized by distinctive circular dichroism (CD) features in the visible region of the spectrum due to chiral interaction between the cluster itself and the protein backbone. Therefore, the presence of a CD signal in the visible region relates to the presence of the cluster, whereas the disappearance of the signal refers to cluster breakdown or redox changes. The position of the CD features in the spectrum and the intensity of individual components of the CD signal show great variations among different Fe-S proteins. This feature can provide information on transfer processes between proteins, as well as on possible changes in cluster nuclearity. This method can also be used to detect changes in the chemical nature or spatial organization of cluster ligands that may be concurrent with cluster transfer and associated events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Iametti
- Section of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, DeFENS, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonomi
- Section of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, DeFENS, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Section of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, DeFENS, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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20
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Rollini M, Musatti A, Cavicchioli D, Bussini D, Farris S, Rovera C, Romano D, De Benedetti S, Barbiroli A. From cheese whey permeate to Sakacin-A/bacterial cellulose nanocrystal conjugates for antimicrobial food packaging applications: a circular economy case study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21358. [PMID: 33288830 PMCID: PMC7721719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Applying a circular economy approach, this research explores the use of cheese whey permeate (CWP), by-product of whey ultrafiltration, as cheap substrate for the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) and Sakacin-A, to be used in an antimicrobial packaging material. BC from the acetic acid bacterium Komagataeibacter xylinus was boosted up to 6.77 g/L by supplementing CWP with β-galactosidase. BC was then reduced to nanocrystals (BCNCs, 70% conversion yield), which were then conjugated with Sakacin-A, an anti-Listeria bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus sakei in a CWP based broth. Active conjugates (75 Activity Units (AU)/mg), an innovative solution for bacteriocin delivery, were then included in a coating mixture applied onto paper sheets at 25 AU/cm2. The obtained antimicrobial food package was found effective in reducing Listeria population in storage trials carried out on a fresh Italian soft cheese (named "stracchino") intentionally inoculated with Listeria. Production costs of the active material have been mainly found to be associated (90%) to the purification steps. Setting a maximum prudential 50% cost reduction during process up-scaling, conjugates coating formulation would cost around 0.89 €/A4 sheet. Results represent a practical example of a circular economy production procedure by using a food industry by-product to produce antimicrobials for food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Rollini
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alida Musatti
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Cavicchioli
- ESP, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Bussini
- SSCCP, Paper Area, INNOVHUB - Stazioni Sperimentali per l'Industria S.r.l., Via G. Colombo 83, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Farris
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Rovera
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Romano
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano De Benedetti
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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21
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Saitta F, Motta P, Barbiroli A, Signorelli M, La Rosa C, Janaszewska A, Klajnert-Maculewicz B, Fessas D. Influence of Free Fatty Acids on Lipid Membrane-Nisin Interaction. Langmuir 2020; 36:13535-13544. [PMID: 33137259 PMCID: PMC8016202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The influence of free fatty acids (FFAs) on the nisin-membrane interaction was investigated through micro-DSC and fluorescence spectroscopy. A simple but informative model membrane was prepared (5.7 DMPC:3.8 DPPS:0.5 DOPC molar ratio) by considering the presence of different phospholipid headgroups in charge and size and different phospholipid tails in length and unsaturation level, allowing the discrimination of the combined interaction of nisin and FFAs with the single phospholipid constituents. The effects of six FFAs on membrane stability were evaluated, namely two saturated FFAs (palmitic acid and stearic acid), two monounsaturated FFAs (cis-unsaturated oleic acid and trans-unsaturated elaidic acid) and two cis-polyunsaturated FFAs (ω-6 linoleic acid and ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid). The results permitted assessment of a thermodynamic picture of such interactions which indicates that the peptide-membrane interaction does not overlook the presence of FFAs within the lipid bilayer since both FFAs and nisin are able to selectively promote thermodynamic phase separations as well as a general lipid reorganization within the host membrane. Furthermore, the magnitude of the effects may be different depending on the FFA chemical structure as well as the membrane lipid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Saitta
- Dipartimento
di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, DeFENS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Motta
- Dipartimento
di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, DeFENS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, DeFENS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Signorelli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, DeFENS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Carmelo La Rosa
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Janaszewska
- Department
of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz
- Department
of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dimitrios Fessas
- Dipartimento
di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, DeFENS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
- . Tel.: +39 0250319219
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22
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Bonì F, Marino V, Bidoia C, Mastrangelo E, Barbiroli A, Dell’Orco D, Milani M. Modulation of Guanylate Cyclase Activating Protein 1 (GCAP1) Dimeric Assembly by Ca 2+ or Mg 2+: Hints to Understand Protein Activity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101408. [PMID: 33027977 PMCID: PMC7600425 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The guanylyl cyclase-activating protein 1, GCAP1, activates or inhibits retinal guanylyl cyclase (retGC) depending on cellular Ca2+ concentrations. Several point mutations of GCAP1 have been associated with impaired calcium sensitivity that eventually triggers progressive retinal degeneration. In this work, we demonstrate that the recombinant human protein presents a highly dynamic monomer-dimer equilibrium, whose dissociation constant is influenced by salt concentration and, more importantly, by protein binding to Ca2+ or Mg2+. Based on small-angle X-ray scattering data, protein-protein docking, and molecular dynamics simulations we propose two novel three-dimensional models of Ca2+-bound GCAP1 dimer. The different propensity of human GCAP1 to dimerize suggests structural differences induced by cation binding potentially involved in the regulation of retGC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bonì
- CNR-IBF, Istituto di Biofisica, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (C.B.); (E.M.)
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Marino
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Biomedicina e Movimento, Sezione di Chimica Biologica, Università di Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Carlo Bidoia
- CNR-IBF, Istituto di Biofisica, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (C.B.); (E.M.)
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Eloise Mastrangelo
- CNR-IBF, Istituto di Biofisica, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (C.B.); (E.M.)
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Daniele Dell’Orco
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Biomedicina e Movimento, Sezione di Chimica Biologica, Università di Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy;
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (M.M.); Tel.: +39-045-802-7637 (D.D.); +39-02-5031-4890 (M.M.)
| | - Mario Milani
- CNR-IBF, Istituto di Biofisica, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (C.B.); (E.M.)
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (M.M.); Tel.: +39-045-802-7637 (D.D.); +39-02-5031-4890 (M.M.)
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23
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Digiovanni S, Visentin C, Degani G, Barbiroli A, Chiara M, Regazzoni L, Di Pisa F, Borchert AJ, Downs DM, Ricagno S, Vanoni MA, Popolo L. Two novel fish paralogs provide insights into the Rid family of imine deaminases active in pre-empting enamine/imine metabolic damage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10135. [PMID: 32576850 PMCID: PMC7311433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66663-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive Intermediate Deaminase (Rid) protein superfamily includes eight families among which the RidA is conserved in all domains of life. RidA proteins accelerate the deamination of the reactive 2-aminoacrylate (2AA), an enamine produced by some pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. 2AA accumulation inhibits target enzymes with a detrimental impact on fitness. As a consequence of whole genome duplication, teleost fish have two ridA paralogs, while other extant vertebrates contain a single-copy gene. We investigated the biochemical properties of the products of two paralogs, identified in Salmo salar. SsRidA-1 and SsRidA-2 complemented the growth defect of a Salmonella enterica ridA mutant, an in vivo model of 2AA stress. In vitro, both proteins hydrolyzed 2-imino acids (IA) to keto-acids and ammonia. SsRidA-1 was active on IA derived from nonpolar amino acids and poorly active or inactive on IA derived from other amino acids tested. In contrast, SsRidA-2 had a generally low catalytic efficiency, but showed a relatively higher activity with IA derived from L-Glu and aromatic amino acids. The crystal structures of SsRidA-1 and SsRidA-2 provided hints of the remarkably different conformational stability and substrate specificity. Overall, SsRidA-1 is similar to the mammalian orthologs whereas SsRidA-2 displays unique properties likely generated by functional specialization of a duplicated ancestral gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Digiovanni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Chemical Biology I, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Genny Degani
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Chiara
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Regazzoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Pisa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrew J Borchert
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Diana M Downs
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Popolo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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24
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Mangiagalli M, Lapi M, Maione S, Orlando M, Brocca S, Pesce A, Barbiroli A, Camilloni C, Pucciarelli S, Lotti M, Nardini M. The co-existence of cold activity and thermal stability in an Antarctic GH42 β-galactosidase relies on its hexameric quaternary arrangement. FEBS J 2020; 288:546-565. [PMID: 32363751 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To survive in cold environments, psychrophilic organisms produce enzymes endowed with high specific activity at low temperature. The structure of these enzymes is usually flexible and mostly thermolabile. In this work, we investigate the structural basis of cold adaptation of a GH42 β-galactosidase from the psychrophilic Marinomonas ef1. This enzyme couples cold activity with astonishing robustness for a psychrophilic protein, for it retains 23% of its highest activity at 5 °C and it is stable for several days at 37 °C and even 50 °C. Phylogenetic analyses indicate a close relationship with thermophilic β-galactosidases, suggesting that the present-day enzyme evolved from a thermostable scaffold modeled by environmental selective pressure. The crystallographic structure reveals the overall similarity with GH42 enzymes, along with a hexameric arrangement (dimer of trimers) not found in psychrophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic homologues. In the quaternary structure, protomers form a large central cavity, whose accessibility to the substrate is promoted by the dynamic behavior of surface loops, even at low temperature. A peculiar cooperative behavior of the enzyme is likely related to the increase of the internal cavity permeability triggered by heating. Overall, our results highlight a novel strategy of enzyme cold adaptation, based on the oligomerization state of the enzyme, which effectively challenges the paradigm of cold activity coupled with intrinsic thermolability. DATABASE: Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank database under the accession number 6Y2K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mangiagalli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Michela Lapi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Maione
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Marco Orlando
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Stefania Brocca
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milano, Italy
| | | | - Sandra Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Marina Lotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Marco Nardini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Italy
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25
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Visentin C, Broggini L, Sala BM, Russo R, Barbiroli A, Santambrogio C, Nonnis S, Dubnovitsky A, Bolognesi M, Miranda E, Achour A, Ricagno S. Glycosylation Tunes Neuroserpin Physiological and Pathological Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3235. [PMID: 32375228 PMCID: PMC7247563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroserpin (NS) is a member of the serine protease inhibitors superfamily. Specific point mutations are responsible for its accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum of neurons that leads to a pathological condition named familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB). Wild-type NS presents two N-glycosylation chains and does not form polymers in vivo, while non-glycosylated NS causes aberrant polymer accumulation in cell models. To date, all in vitro studies have been conducted on bacterially expressed NS, de facto neglecting the role of glycosylation in the biochemical properties of NS. Here, we report the expression and purification of human glycosylated NS (gNS) using a novel eukaryotic expression system, LEXSY. Our results confirm the correct N-glycosylation of wild-type gNS. The fold and stability of gNS are not altered compared to bacterially expressed NS, as demonstrated by the circular dichroism and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence assays. Intriguingly, gNS displays a remarkably reduced polymerisation propensity compared to non-glycosylated NS, in keeping with what was previously observed for wild-type NS in vivo and in cell models. Thus, our results support the relevance of gNS as a new in vitro tool to study the molecular bases of FENIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Visentin
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (L.B.); (B.M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Luca Broggini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (L.B.); (B.M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Benedetta Maria Sala
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (L.B.); (B.M.S.); (M.B.)
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosaria Russo
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy;
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l′Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Carlo Santambrogio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Simona Nonnis
- Departimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università, 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Anatoly Dubnovitsky
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (L.B.); (B.M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Elena Miranda
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘Charles Darwin’, and Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Adnane Achour
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (L.B.); (B.M.S.); (M.B.)
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26
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Mangiagalli M, Carvalho H, Natalello A, Ferrario V, Pennati ML, Barbiroli A, Lotti M, Pleiss J, Brocca S. Diverse effects of aqueous polar co-solvents on Candida antarctica lipase B. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:930-940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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27
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Achour A, Broggini L, Han X, Sun R, Santambrogio C, Buratto J, Visentin C, Barbiroli A, De Luca CMG, Sormanni P, Moda F, De Simone A, Sandalova T, Grandori R, Camilloni C, Ricagno S. Biochemical and biophysical comparison of human and mouse beta-2 microglobulin reveals the molecular determinants of low amyloid propensity. FEBS J 2019; 287:546-560. [PMID: 31420997 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The molecular bases of amyloid aggregation propensity are still poorly understood, especially for proteins that display a stable folded native structure. A prototypic example is human beta-2 microglobulin (β2m), which, when accumulated in patients, gives rise to dialysis-related amyloidosis. Interestingly, although the physiologic concentration of β2m in mice is five times higher than that found in human patients, no amyloid deposits are observed in mice. Moreover, murine β2m (mβ2m) not only displays a lower amyloid propensity both in vivo and in vitro but also inhibits the aggregation of human β2m in vitro. Here, we compared human and mβ2m for their aggregation propensity, ability to form soluble oligomers, stability, three-dimensional structure and dynamics. Our results indicate that mβ2m low-aggregation propensity is due to two concomitant aspects: the low-aggregation propensity of its primary sequence combined with the absence of high-energy amyloid-competent conformations under native conditions. The identification of the specific properties determining the low-aggregation propensity of mouse β2m will help delineate the molecular risk factors which cause a folded protein to aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnane Achour
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Luca Broggini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Xiao Han
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Renhua Sun
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Carlo Santambrogio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Jeremie Buratto
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Giulia De Luca
- Divisione di Neurologia 5 - Neuropatologia, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Moda
- Divisione di Neurologia 5 - Neuropatologia, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Tatyana Sandalova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Rita Grandori
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Carlo Camilloni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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28
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Mapelli C, Musatti A, Barbiroli A, Saini S, Bras J, Cavicchioli D, Rollini M. Cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-sakacin-A active material: production, characterization and application in storage trials of smoked salmon. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:4731-4738. [PMID: 30924936 PMCID: PMC6618110 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sakacin-A due to its specific antimicrobial activity may represent a good candidate to develop active packaging solutions for food items supporting Listeria growth. In the present study a protein extract containing the bacteriocin sakacin-A, produced by Lactobacillus sakei Lb 706 in a low-cost culture medium containing deproteinized cheese whey, was adsorbed onto cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) to obtain an active material to be used as a mat (or a separator) in direct contact with foods. RESULTS The applied fermentation conditions allowed 4.51 g L-1 of freeze-dried protein extract to be obtained, characterized by an antimicrobial activity of near 16 700 AU g-1 , that was used for the preparation of the active material by casting. The active material was then characterized by infrared spectra and thermogravimetric analyses. Antimicrobial trials were carried out in vitro using Listeria innocua as indicator strain; results were also confirmed in vivo, employing smoked salmon fillets intentionally inoculated with Listeria innocua: its final population was reduced to about 2.5-3 Log cycles after 28 days of storage at 6 °C in presence of sakacin-A, compared with negative control mats produced without the bacteriocin extract. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the possibility of producing an antimicrobial active material containing sakacin-A absorbed onto CNFs to decrease Listeria population in smoked salmon, a ready-to eat-food product. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mapelli
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences.Università degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Alida Musatti
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences.Università degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences.Università degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Seema Saini
- LGP2, Laboratory of Pulp & Paper ScienceInstitut Polytechnique de GrenobleGrenobleFrance
| | - Julien Bras
- LGP2, Laboratory of Pulp & Paper ScienceInstitut Polytechnique de GrenobleGrenobleFrance
| | - Daniele Cavicchioli
- ESP, Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Manuela Rollini
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences.Università degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
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29
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Leone P, Galluccio M, Brizio C, Barbiroli A, Iametti S, Indiveri C, Barile M. The hidden side of the human FAD synthase 2. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:986-995. [PMID: 31351152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
FAD synthase, the last enzyme of the pathway converting riboflavin to FAD, exists in humans in different isoforms, with isoforms 1, 2 and 6 being characterized at the functional and molecular levels. Isoform 2, the cytosolic and most abundant FADS, consists of two domains: a PAPS reductase C-terminus domain (here named FADSy) responsible for FAD synthesis, and an N-terminus molybdopterin-binding resembling domain (MPTb - here named FADHy), whose FAD hydrolytic activity is hidden unless both Co2+ and chemical mercurial reagents are added to the enzyme. To investigate the hFADS2 hydrolytic function under conditions closer to the physiological context, the hydrolytic activity was further characterized. Co2+ induced FAD hydrolysis was strongly stimulated in the presence of K+, reaching a Vmax higher than that of FAD synthesis. The pH dependence together with the inhibition of the hydrolysis by NaF and KI allow excluding that the reaction occurs via a NUDIX type catalysis. The K0.5 for K+ or Co2+ was 7.2 or 0.035 mM, respectively. Other monovalent or divalent cations can partially substitute K+ or Co2+. Reduced glutathione stimulated whereas NADH inhibited the hydrolytic activity. The latter aspects correlate with an interconnection of the homeostasis of NAD and FAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Leone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, via Orabona 4 -, 70126 Bari, Italy; Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci 4c, , 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci 4c, , 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Carmen Brizio
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, via Orabona 4 -, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Iametti
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci 4c, , 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology (IBIOM) - CNR, via Giovanni Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, via Orabona 4 -, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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30
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Iametti S, Barbiroli A, Marengo M, Bonomi F. Greetings from foodland: Teaching biochemistry to BS students in food-related courses in Italy. Biochem Mol Biol Educ 2019; 47:394-403. [PMID: 30985970 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biochemistry has always been a mandatory topic within BS courses aimed at food science students at the University of Milan, namely: Food Science & Technology and Catering Sciences. Addressing biochemistry topics in this peculiar setting requires: (i) specific focus on topics that are seldom considered in courses offered in bio-medical curricula; (ii) close integration with other area disciplines, such as food biotechnology; (iii) ad hoc design of laboratory classes; and (iv) an array of elective courses covering specific aspects of biochemistry. In this context, for example, protein chemistry is presented by using food proteins of known structure and discussed in terms of structural features in the raw materials and of structural and chemical modifications occurring upon processing. Along the same lines, metabolic pathways and their regulation are presented starting from widespread metabolism-related issues and to issues related to food safety (including food allergies and intolerances). A similar "hands on" approach is used for laboratory classes, that cover about one third of total credits and are aimed at providing fundamental-type information by analyzing practical situations in the food chain. In spite of their inherent complexity and volume, biochemistry courses score very well with the students in mandatory anonymous surveys. Our approach to biochemistry courses seems to help the students in "visualizing" the practical implications of concepts acquired in other courses within their curricula. The students' appreciation is confirmed by the sizeable attendance to elective and specialized biochemical-themed courses. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(4):394-403, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Iametti
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Marengo
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonomi
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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31
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Giorgino T, Mattioni D, Hassan A, Milani M, Mastrangelo E, Barbiroli A, Verhelle A, Gettemans J, Barzago MM, Diomede L, de Rosa M. Nanobody interaction unveils structure, dynamics and proteotoxicity of the Finnish-type amyloidogenic gelsolin variant. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:648-660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bonì F, Milani M, Barbiroli A, Diomede L, Mastrangelo E, de Rosa M. Gelsolin pathogenic Gly167Arg mutation promotes domain-swap dimerization of the protein. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:53-65. [PMID: 29069428 PMCID: PMC5886171 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AGel amyloidosis is a genetic degenerative disease characterized by the deposition of insoluble gelsolin protein aggregates in different tissues. Until recently, this disease was associated with two mutations of a single residue (Asp187 to Asn/Tyr) in the second domain of the protein. The general opinion is that pathogenic variants are not per se amyloidogenic but rather that the mutations trigger an aberrant proteolytic cascade, which results in the production of aggregation prone fragments. Here, we report the crystal structure of the second domain of gelsolin carrying the recently identified Gly167Arg mutation. This mutant dimerizes through a three-dimensional domain swapping mechanism, forming a tight but flexible assembly, which retains the structural topology of the monomer. To date, such dramatic conformational changes of this type have not been observed. Structural and biophysical characterizations reveal that the Gly167Arg mutation alone is responsible for the monomer to dimer transition and that, even in the context of the full-length protein, the pathogenic variant is prone to form dimers. These data suggest that, in addition to the well-known proteolytic-dependent mechanism, an alternative oligomerization pathway may participate in gelsolin misfolding and aggregation. We propose to integrate this alternative pathway into the current model of the disease that may also be relevant for other types of AGel amyloidosis, and other related diseases with similar underlying pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bonì
- CNR Istituto di Biofisica, c/o Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Milani
- CNR Istituto di Biofisica, c/o Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Farmacologia Molecolare, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Eloise Mastrangelo
- CNR Istituto di Biofisica, c/o Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo de Rosa
- CNR Istituto di Biofisica, c/o Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Maritan M, Ambrosetti A, Oberti L, Barbiroli A, Diomede L, Romeo M, Lavatelli F, Sormanni P, Palladini G, Bolognesi M, Merlini G, Ricagno S. Modulating the cardiotoxic behaviour of immunoglobulin light chain dimers through point mutations. Amyloid 2019; 26:105-106. [PMID: 31343361 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2019.1583185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Maritan
- a Department of Bioscience, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | | | - Luca Oberti
- a Department of Bioscience, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- b Department of Nutritional Science, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Luisa Diomede
- c IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" , Milano , Italy
| | - Margherita Romeo
- c IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" , Milano , Italy
| | - Francesca Lavatelli
- d Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo , Pavia , Italy
| | - Pietro Sormanni
- e Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Giovanni Palladini
- d Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo , Pavia , Italy
| | | | - Giampaolo Merlini
- d Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo , Pavia , Italy
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- a Department of Bioscience, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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Oberti L, Maritan M, Rognoni P, Barbiroli A, Lavatelli F, Russo R, Palladini G, Bolognesi M, Merlini G, Ricagno S. The concurrency of several biophysical traits links immunoglobulin light chains with toxicity in AL amyloidosis. Amyloid 2019; 26:107-108. [PMID: 31343357 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2019.1583187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Oberti
- a Department of Bioscience, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Martina Maritan
- a Department of Bioscience, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Paola Rognoni
- b Department of Molecular Medicine, Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- c DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Francesca Lavatelli
- b Department of Molecular Medicine, Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Rosaria Russo
- d Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Giovanni Palladini
- b Department of Molecular Medicine, Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | | | - Giampaolo Merlini
- b Department of Molecular Medicine, Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- a Department of Bioscience, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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Le Marchand T, de Rosa M, Salvi N, Sala BM, Andreas LB, Barbet-Massin E, Sormanni P, Barbiroli A, Porcari R, Sousa Mota C, de Sanctis D, Bolognesi M, Emsley L, Bellotti V, Blackledge M, Camilloni C, Pintacuda G, Ricagno S. Conformational dynamics in crystals reveal the molecular bases for D76N beta-2 microglobulin aggregation propensity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1658. [PMID: 29695721 PMCID: PMC5916882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous aggregation of folded and soluble native proteins in vivo is still a poorly understood process. A prototypic example is the D76N mutant of beta-2 microglobulin (β2m) that displays an aggressive aggregation propensity. Here we investigate the dynamics of β2m by X-ray crystallography, solid-state NMR, and molecular dynamics simulations to unveil the effects of the D76N mutation. Taken together, our data highlight the presence of minor disordered substates in crystalline β2m. The destabilization of the outer strands of D76N β2m accounts for the increased aggregation propensity. Furthermore, the computational modeling reveals a network of interactions with residue D76 as a keystone: this model allows predicting the stability of several point mutants. Overall, our study shows how the study of intrinsic dynamics in crystallo can provide crucial answers on protein stability and aggregation propensity. The comprehensive approach here presented may well be suited for the study of other folded amyloidogenic proteins. The aggregation prone D76N beta-2 microglobulin mutant causes systemic amyloidosis. Here the authors combine crystallography, solid-state NMR, and computational studies and show that the D76N mutation increases protein dynamics and destabilizes the outer strands, which leads to an exposure of amyloidogenic parts explaining its aggregation propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Le Marchand
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (UMR 5280 CNRS/UCB Lyon 1/ENS Lyon), Université de Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Matteo de Rosa
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Salvi
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, CEA, UGA, 30044, Grenoble, France
| | - Benedetta Maria Sala
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Loren B Andreas
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (UMR 5280 CNRS/UCB Lyon 1/ENS Lyon), Université de Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emeline Barbet-Massin
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (UMR 5280 CNRS/UCB Lyon 1/ENS Lyon), Université de Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pietro Sormanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Porcari
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | | | | | - Martino Bolognesi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca Pediatrica Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (UMR 5280 CNRS/UCB Lyon 1/ENS Lyon), Université de Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vittorio Bellotti
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Martin Blackledge
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, CEA, UGA, 30044, Grenoble, France
| | - Carlo Camilloni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Guido Pintacuda
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (UMR 5280 CNRS/UCB Lyon 1/ENS Lyon), Université de Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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D'Incecco P, Ong L, Pellegrino L, Faoro F, Barbiroli A, Gras S. Effect of temperature on the microstructure of fat globules and the immunoglobulin-mediated interactions between fat and bacteria in natural raw milk creaming. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2984-2997. [PMID: 29398025 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural creaming of raw milk is the first step in production of Grana Padano and Parmigiano Reggiano Protected Denomination of Origin cheeses. This process decreases the fat content and plays an important role in the removal of clostridia species that may cause late-blowing defects in ripened cheeses. Partial coalescence of fat globules-that may influence fat behavior in cheese making and affect the microstructure of fat in the final cheese product-was observed at creaming temperatures higher than 22°C by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The widespread practice of heating of milk at 37°C before creaming at 8°C resulted in important changes in the size distribution of fat globules in raw milk, potentially altering the ability of fat to entrap clostridia spores. We investigated the role of immunoglobulin classes in both the clustering of fat globules and the agglutination of Clostridium tyrobutyricum to fat globules during creaming. Immunogold labeling and transmission electron microscopy showed that IgA and IgM but not IgG were involved in both clustering and agglutination. Both vegetative cells and spores were clearly shown to agglutinate to fat droplets, a process that was suppressed by thermal denaturation of the immunoglobulins. The debacterization of raw milk through natural creaming was improved by the addition of purified immunoglobulins. Overall, these findings provide not only a better understanding of the phenomena occurring during the natural creaming but also practical insights into how the process of creaming may be optimized in cheese production plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D'Incecco
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia; ARC Dairy Innovation Hub, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
| | - L Ong
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia; ARC Dairy Innovation Hub, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia; Particulate Fluid Processing Centre, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
| | - L Pellegrino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - F Faoro
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S Gras
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia; ARC Dairy Innovation Hub, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia; Particulate Fluid Processing Centre, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia.
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37
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De Vitis V, Nakhnoukh C, Pinto A, Contente ML, Barbiroli A, Milani M, Bolognesi M, Molinari F, Gourlay LJ, Romano D. A stereospecific carboxyl esterase from Bacillus coagulans hosting nonlipase activity within a lipase-like fold. FEBS J 2018; 285:903-914. [PMID: 29278448 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microbial carboxylesterases are important biocatalysts that selectively hydrolyze an extensive range of esters. Here, we report the biochemical and structural characterization of an atypical carboxylesterase from Bacillus coagulans (BCE), endowed with high enantioselectivity toward different 1,2-O-isopropylideneglycerol (IPG or solketal) esters. BCE efficiently catalyzes the production of enantiopure (S)-IPG, a chiral building block for the synthesis of β-blockers, glycerophospholipids, and prostaglandins; efficient hydrolysis was observed up to 65 °C. To gain insight into the mechanistic bases of such enantioselectivity, we solved the crystal structures of BCE in apo- and glycerol-bound forms at resolutions of 1.9 and 1.8 Å, respectively. In silico docking studies on the BCE structure confirmed that IPG esters with small acyl chains (≤ C6) were easily accommodated in the active site pocket, indicating that small conformational changes are necessary to accept longer substrates. Furthermore, docking studies suggested that enantioselectivity may be due to an improved stabilization of the tetrahedral reaction intermediate for the S-enantiomer. Contrary to the above functional data implying nonlipolytic functions, BCE displays a lipase-like 3D structure that hosts a "lid" domain capping the main entrance to the active site. In lipases the lid mediates catalysis through interfacial activation, a process that we did not observe for BCE. Overall, we present the functional-structural properties of an atypical carboxyl esterase that has nonlipase-like functions, yet possesses a lipase-like 3D fold. Our data provide original enzymatic information in view of BCE applications as an inexpensive, efficient biocatalyst for the production of enantiopure (S)-IPG. DATABASE Coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (www.rcsb.org) under accession numbers 5O7G (apo-BCE) and 5OLU (glycerol-bound BCE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio De Vitis
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Martina L Contente
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Milani
- Biophysics Institute, National Research Council c/o, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Biophysics Institute, National Research Council c/o, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Pediatric Research Center "Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi", Cryo Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Louise J Gourlay
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Diego Romano
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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Barbiroli A, Marengo M, Fessas D, Ragg E, Renzetti S, Bonomi F, Iametti S. Stabilization of beta-lactoglobulin by polyols and sugars against temperature-induced denaturation involves diverse and specific structural regions of the protein. Food Chem 2017; 234:155-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Marengo M, Barbiroli A, Bonomi F, Casiraghi MC, Marti A, Pagani MA, Manful J, Graham-Acquaah S, Ragg E, Fessas D, Hogenboom JA, Iametti S. Macromolecular Traits in the African Rice Oryza glaberrima and in Glaberrima/Sativa Crosses, and Their Relevance to Processing. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2298-2305. [PMID: 28850662 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular properties of proteins and starch were investigated in 2 accessions of Oryza glaberrima and Oryza sativa, and in one NERICA cross between the 2 species, to assess traits that could be relevant to transformation into specific foods. Protein nature and organization in O. glaberrima were different from those in O. sativa and in NERICA. Despite the similar cysteine content in all samples, thiol accessibility in O. glaberrima proteins was higher than in NERICA or in O. sativa. Inter-protein disulphide bonds were important for the formation of protein aggregates in O. glaberrima, whereas non-covalent protein-protein interactions were relevant in NERICA and O. sativa. DSC and NMR studies indicated only minor differences in the structure of starch in these species, as also made evident by their microstructural features. Nevertheless, starch gelatinization in O. glaberrima was very different from what was observed in O. sativa and NERICA. The content of soluble species in gelatinized starch from the various species in the presence/absence of treatments with specific enzymes indicated that release of small starch breakdown products was lowest in O. glaberrima, in particular from the amylopectin component. These findings may explain the low glycemic index of O. glaberrima, and provide a rationale for extending the use of O. glaberrima in the production of specific rice-based products, thus improving the economic value and the market appeal of African crops. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The structural features of proteins and starch in O. glaberrima are very different from those in O. sativa and in the NERICA cross. These results appear useful as for extending the use of O. glaberrima cultivars in the design and production of specific rice-based products (for example, pasta), that might, in turn, improve the economic value and the market appeal of locally sourced raw materials, by introducing added-value products on the African market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Marengo
- Dipto. di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Univ.à degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipto. di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Univ.à degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonomi
- Dipto. di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Univ.à degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Casiraghi
- Dipto. di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Univ.à degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marti
- Dipto. di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Univ.à degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Ambrogina Pagani
- Dipto. di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Univ.à degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Enzio Ragg
- Dipto. di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Univ.à degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Dimitrios Fessas
- Dipto. di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Univ.à degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Johannes A Hogenboom
- Dipto. di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Univ.à degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Iametti
- Dipto. di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Univ.à degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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40
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de Rosa M, Halabelian L, Barbiroli A, Bolognesi M, Bellotti V, Ricagno S. An Asp to Asn mutation is a toxic trigger in beta-2 microglobulin: structure and biophysics. Amyloid 2017; 24:15-16. [PMID: 28434301 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2016.1272450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo de Rosa
- a Department of Biosciences , University of Milan, Milan , Italy.,b CNR Biophysics Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Levon Halabelian
- a Department of Biosciences , University of Milan, Milan , Italy
| | | | | | - Vittorio Bellotti
- d Center for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase proteins, UCL , London , UK
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- a Department of Biosciences , University of Milan, Milan , Italy
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41
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Barbiroli A, Musatti A, Capretti G, Iametti S, Rollini M. Sakacin-A antimicrobial packaging for decreasing Listeria contamination in thin-cut meat: preliminary assessment. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:1042-1047. [PMID: 27790709 PMCID: PMC5324655 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally processed ready-to-eat products are considered a high-risk food because of the possibility of contamination with pathogenic bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes from the animal reservoir, and the minimal processing they undergo. In this study, a sakacin-A anti-Listeria active package was developed and tested on thin-cut veal meat slices (carpaccio). RESULTS Enriched food-grade sakacin-A was obtained from a cell-free supernatant of a Lactobacillus sakei culture and applied (0.63 mg cm-2 ) onto the surface of polyethylene-coated paper sheets to obtain an active antimicrobial package. The coating retained antimicrobial features, indicating that the process did not affect sakacin-A functionality, as evidenced in tests carried out in vitro. Thin-cut veal meat slices inoculated with Listeria innocua (a surrogate of pathogenic L. monocytogenes) were laid on active paper sheets. After 48 h incubation at 4 °C, the Listeria population was found to be 1.5 log units lower with respect to controls (3.05 vs 4.46 log colony-forming units (CFU) g-1 ). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the possibility of using an antimicrobial coating containing sakacin-A to inhibit or decrease the Listeria population in ready-to-eat products, thus lowering the risk of food-related diseases. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Barbiroli
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of MilanVia Celoria 2I‐20133MilanoItaly
| | - Alida Musatti
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of MilanVia Celoria 2I‐20133MilanoItaly
| | - Giorgio Capretti
- INNOVHUB‐SSIItalian Pulp and Paper Research InstitutePiazza Leonardo da Vinci 16I‐20133MilanoItaly
| | - Stefania Iametti
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of MilanVia Celoria 2I‐20133MilanoItaly
| | - Manuela Rollini
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of MilanVia Celoria 2I‐20133MilanoItaly
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42
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Marengo M, Baffour LC, Buratti S, Benedetti S, Saalia FK, Carpen A, Manful J, Johnson PNT, Barbiroli A, Bonomi F, Pagani A, Marti A, Iametti S. Defining the Overall Quality of Cowpea-Enriched Rice-Based Breakfast Cereals. Cereal Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-04-16-0092-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Marengo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonora C. Baffour
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Susanna Buratti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Benedetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Firibu K. Saalia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Aristodemo Carpen
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - John Manful
- Grain Quality Laboratory, Africa Rice Center, Cotonou, Benin
| | | | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonomi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ambrogina Pagani
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Iametti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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43
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Brocca S, Ferrari C, Barbiroli A, Pesce A, Lotti M, Nardini M. A bacterial acyl aminoacyl peptidase couples flexibility and stability as a result of cold adaptation. FEBS J 2016; 283:4310-4324. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Brocca
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences; University of Milano-Bicocca; Italy
| | - Cristian Ferrari
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences; University of Milano-Bicocca; Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences; University of Milano; Italy
| | | | - Marina Lotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences; University of Milano-Bicocca; Italy
| | - Marco Nardini
- Department of Biosciences; University of Milano; Italy
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44
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Marengo M, Miriani M, Ferranti P, Bonomi F, Iametti S, Barbiroli A. Structural changes in emulsion-bound bovine beta-lactoglobulin affect its proteolysis and immunoreactivity. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics 2016; 1864:805-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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Marengo M, Akoto HF, Zanoletti M, Carpen A, Buratti S, Benedetti S, Barbiroli A, Johnson PNT, Sakyi-Dawson EO, Saalia FK, Bonomi F, Pagani MA, Manful J, Iametti S. Soybean-Enriched Snacks Based on African Rice. Foods 2016; 5:foods5020038. [PMID: 28231133 PMCID: PMC5302339 DOI: 10.3390/foods5020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Snacks were produced by extruding blends of partially-defatted soybean flour with flours from milled or parboiled African-grown rice. The interplay between composition and processing in producing snacks with a satisfactory sensory profile was addressed by e-sensing, and by molecular and rheological approaches. Soybean proteins play a main role in defining the properties of the protein network in the products. At the same content in soybean flour, use of parboiled rice flour increases the snack's hardness. Electronic nose and electronic tongue discriminated samples containing a higher amount of soybean flour from those with a lower soybean flour content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Marengo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Hannah F Akoto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon P.O. Box LG 25, Ghana.
| | - Miriam Zanoletti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Aristodemo Carpen
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Simona Buratti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Simona Benedetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Paa-Nii T Johnson
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Head Office, Accra P.O. Box M32, Ghana.
| | - Esther O Sakyi-Dawson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon P.O. Box LG 25, Ghana.
| | - Firibu K Saalia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon P.O. Box LG 25, Ghana.
| | - Francesco Bonomi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Maria Ambrogina Pagani
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - John Manful
- Africa Rice Center, Cotonou 01 B.P. 2031, Benin.
| | - Stefania Iametti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
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46
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Camilloni C, Sala BM, Sormanni P, Porcari R, Corazza A, De Rosa M, Zanini S, Barbiroli A, Esposito G, Bolognesi M, Bellotti V, Vendruscolo M, Ricagno S. Rational design of mutations that change the aggregation rate of a protein while maintaining its native structure and stability. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25559. [PMID: 27150430 PMCID: PMC4858664 DOI: 10.1038/srep25559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide range of human diseases is associated with mutations that, destabilizing proteins native state, promote their aggregation. However, the mechanisms leading from folded to aggregated states are still incompletely understood. To investigate these mechanisms, we used a combination of NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to compare the native state dynamics of Beta-2 microglobulin (β2m), whose aggregation is associated with dialysis-related amyloidosis, and its aggregation-resistant mutant W60G. Our results indicate that W60G low aggregation propensity can be explained, beyond its higher stability, by an increased average protection of the aggregation-prone residues at its surface. To validate these findings, we designed β2m variants that alter the aggregation-prone exposed surface of wild-type and W60G β2m modifying their aggregation propensity. These results allowed us to pinpoint the role of dynamics in β2m aggregation and to provide a new strategy to tune protein aggregation by modulating the exposure of aggregation-prone residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Camilloni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Benedetta Maria Sala
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Pietro Sormanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Riccardo Porcari
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Alessandra Corazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Matteo De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Zanini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gennaro Esposito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.,Science and Math Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.,CIMAINA and CNR Istituto di Biofisica, c/o Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bellotti
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | | | - Stefano Ricagno
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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47
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Saga G, Sessa F, Barbiroli A, Santambrogio C, Russo R, Sala M, Raccosta S, Martorana V, Caccia S, Noto R, Moriconi C, Miranda E, Grandori R, Manno M, Bolognesi M, Ricagno S. Embelin binds to human neuroserpin and impairs its polymerisation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18769. [PMID: 26732982 PMCID: PMC4702122 DOI: 10.1038/srep18769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroserpin (NS) is a serpin inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the brain. The polymerisation of NS pathologic mutants is responsible for a genetic dementia known as familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB). So far, a pharmacological treatment of FENIB, i.e. an inhibitor of NS polymerisation, remains an unmet challenge. Here, we present a biophysical characterisation of the effects caused by embelin (EMB a small natural compound) on NS conformers and NS polymerisation. EMB destabilises all known NS conformers, specifically binding to NS molecules with a 1:1 NS:EMB molar ratio without unfolding the NS fold. In particular, NS polymers disaggregate in the presence of EMB, and their formation is prevented. The NS/EMB complex does not inhibit tPA proteolytic activity. Both effects are pharmacologically relevant: firstly by inhibiting the NS polymerisation associated to FENIB, and secondly by potentially antagonizing metastatic processes facilitated by NS activity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Saga
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze and CIMAINA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Sessa
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze and CIMAINA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l′Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Santambrogio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosaria Russo
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di MilanoItaly
| | - Michela Sala
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Samuele Raccosta
- Istituto di Biofisica, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Martorana
- Istituto di Biofisica, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonia Caccia
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosina Noto
- Istituto di Biofisica, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Moriconi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, and Istituto Pasteur – Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Miranda
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, and Istituto Pasteur – Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Grandori
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Manno
- Istituto di Biofisica, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze and CIMAINA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Biofisica, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze and CIMAINA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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48
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de Rosa M, Barbiroli A, Giorgetti S, Mangione PP, Bolognesi M, Ricagno S. Decoding the Structural Bases of D76N ß2-Microglobulin High Amyloidogenicity through Crystallography and Asn-Scan Mutagenesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144061. [PMID: 26625273 PMCID: PMC4666650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
D76N is the first natural variant of human β-2 microglobulin (β2m) so far identified. Contrary to the wt protein, this mutant readily forms amyloid fibres in physiological conditions, leading to a systemic and severe amyloidosis. Although the Asp76Asn mutant has been extensively characterized, the molecular bases of its instability and aggregation propensity remain elusive. In this work all Asp residues of human β2m were individually substituted to Asn; D-to-N mutants (D34N, D38N, D53N, D59N, D96N and D98N) were characterised in terms of thermodynamic stability and aggregation propensity. Moreover, crystal structures of the D38N, D53N, D59N and D98N variants were solved at high-resolution (1.24–1.70 Å). Despite showing some significant variations in their thermal stabilities, none showed the dramatic drop in melting temperature (relative to the wt protein) as observed for the pathogenic mutant. Consistently, none of the variants here described displayed any increase in aggregation propensity under the experimental conditions tested. The crystal structures confirmed that D-to-N mutations are generally well tolerated, and lead only to minor reorganization of the side chains in close proximity of the mutated residue. D38N is the only exception, where backbone readjustments and a redistribution of the surface electrostatic charges are observed. Overall, our results suggest that neither removing negative charges at sites 34, 38, 53, 59, 96 and 98, nor the difference in β2m pI, are the cause of the aggressive phenotype observed in D76N. We propose that the dramatic effects of the D76N natural mutation must be linked to effects related to the crucial location of this residue within the β2m fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo de Rosa
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Sofia Giorgetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Istituto di Biochimica “A. Castellani”, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 3/b, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Patrizia P. Mangione
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Istituto di Biochimica “A. Castellani”, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 3/b, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
- CIMAINA and CNR-Istituto di Biofisica, c/o Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
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49
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Halabelian L, Relini A, Barbiroli A, Penco A, Bolognesi M, Ricagno S. A covalent homodimer probing early oligomers along amyloid aggregation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14651. [PMID: 26420657 PMCID: PMC4588566 DOI: 10.1038/srep14651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Early oligomers are crucial in amyloid aggregation; however, due to their transient nature they are among the least structurally characterized species. We focused on the amyloidogenic protein beta2-microglobulin (β2m) whose early oligomers are still a matter of debate. An intermolecular interaction between D strands of facing β2m molecules was repeatedly observed, suggesting that such interface may be relevant for β2m dimerization. In this study, by mutating Ser33 to Cys, and assembling the disulphide-stabilized β2m homodimer (DimC33), such DD strand interface was locked. Although the isolated DimC33 display a stability similar to wt β2m under native conditions, it shows enhanced amyloid aggregation propensity. Three distinct crystal structures of DimC33 suggest that dimerization through the DD interface is instrumental for enhancing DimC33 aggregation propensity. Furthermore, the crystal structure of DimC33 in complex with the amyloid-specific dye Thioflavin-T pinpoints a second interface, which likely participates in the first steps of β2m aggregation. The present data provide new insight into β2m early steps of amyloid aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levon Halabelian
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Relini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Amanda Penco
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.,CIMAINA e Istituto CNR di Biofisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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50
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Iametti S, Barbiroli A, Bonomi F. Functional implications of the interaction between HscB and IscU in the biosynthesis of FeS clusters. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:1039-48. [PMID: 26246371 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In bacteria, HscB is the cochaperone of HscA in modulating the transfer of 2Fe2S clusters from a cluster-loaded form of the scaffold protein IscU to acceptor apoproteins. HscB binding to the IscU apoform (apoIscU) reportedly impairs the structural flexibility of apoIscU, but the effects of HscB on cluster formation on IscU have never been assessed. We report that presence of HscB impaired the rate-but not the equilibrium-of the appearance of the distinctive circular dichroism signals associated with formation of a stable 2Fe-2S cluster on IscU in reconstitution experiments. This impairment: (1) was independent of the source of cluster sulfide; (2) was not observed for HscB mutants unable to bind IscU; (3) implied formation of a 1/1 HscB/IscU complex; (4) was not observed for a D39A mutant of IscU, with a much more rigid structure than wt IscU. The cluster species assembled on IscU in the presence of HscB were transferred to apoferredoxin at a slower rate than those formed in the absence of HscB, unless ATP and HscA were also present. At contrast, HscB was found to improve the "catalytic" function of IscU with respect to cluster assembly in the presence of a large apoferredoxin excess. Thus, the HscB/IscU interaction may modulate formation and transfer of FeS clusters by accelerating cluster biosynthesis when appropriate target apoproteins are abundant or by slowing it down when the rate of apoprotein synthesis is slow, and cluster-loaded IscU is more likely to play a role as a "FeS storage" protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Iametti
- Section of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, DeFENS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
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