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Ekinci E, Van den Bosch E, Van Heirstraeten L, Desmet S, Lammens C, Goossens H, Van Damme P, Verhaegen J, Beutels P, Malhotra-Kumar S, Maertens K, Theeten H. Back to the future? Drastic drop in serotype 19A carriage in daycare centers within two years after a second switch to PCV13 in Belgium. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2025; 21:2484886. [PMID: 40170143 PMCID: PMC11970737 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2484886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2025] [Accepted: 03/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/03/2025] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) reduce Streptococcus pneumoniae infection and carriage. After switching from PCV13 to PCV10 in 2015-2016, Belgium switched back to PCV13 in 2019. Building on our systematic monitoring of childhood nasopharyngeal carriage since 2016, here, we analyze the serotypes of S. pneumoniae and other pathogens in children attending daycare centers (DCCs) from 2018 to 2021. From the period of 2018-2019 to 2020-2021, we included a total of 2,741 nasopharyngeal swabs collected from children aged 6 to 30 months. We identified S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus aureus and conducted serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility assessments of S. pneumoniae strains using culture methods and real-time PCR. S. pneumoniae carriage was frequent and quite stable over the three study years. H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis were more frequently carried than S. pneumoniae. Frequency of all PCV13-serotypes together among S. pneumoniae carriers decreased significantly from 19.4% in 2018-2019 to 9.9% in 2020-2021 (p < .001), largely due to the decreased serotype 19A carriage. Resistance of pneumococcal strains to penicillin increased significantly over the three study years. Two years after the second switch to PCV13 in 2019, pneumococcal serotype 19A carriage decreased again significantly in Belgian children attending daycare centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Ekinci
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Eline Van den Bosch
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Van Heirstraeten
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Desmet
- Reference Centre for Pneumococci, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Lammens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jan Verhaegen
- Reference Centre for Pneumococci, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Beutels
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kirsten Maertens
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Heidi Theeten
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Maeda H, Morimoto K. Global distribution and characteristics of pneumococcal serotypes in adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2025; 21:2469424. [PMID: 40015240 PMCID: PMC11869777 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2469424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2025] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/01/2025] Open
Abstract
The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) into pediatric national immunization programs (NIP) has significantly reduced invasive pneumococcal diseases and pneumococcal pneumonia caused by PCV serotypes in adults due to herd immunity. However, diseases caused by PCV13 serotypes persist, mainly serotype 3, known for its severity. With the reduction in PCV13 serotypes, diseases caused by non-PCV13 serotypes increased. Residual and emerging serotypes vary regionally; serotype 8 in Europe and South Africa, and serotype 4 in the US and Canada. PCV20 and PCV21 were recently developed, which can prevent residual and emerging pneumococcal diseases where herd immunity is well-established. In countries that have not introduced PCV into pediatric NIP, the pneumococcal disease burden due to PCV serotypes is still marked. Given that serotype distribution varies by region and evolves over time, this review aimed to discuss serotype distribution and disease severity in adults across countries to support future pneumococcal vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Maeda
- Department of Respiratory Infections, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Konosuke Morimoto
- Department of Respiratory Infections, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Ozisik L. The New Era of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults: What Is Next? Vaccines (Basel) 2025; 13:498. [PMID: 40432110 PMCID: PMC12115962 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines13050498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2025] [Revised: 04/25/2025] [Accepted: 05/03/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults and bacterial meningitis in children worldwide. In addition to pneumonia, invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs), such as bacteremia and meningitis, pose a significant burden, particularly among older adults and individuals with underlying comorbidities. These diseases lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. Pneumococcal vaccination has been a cornerstone of disease prevention, reducing incidence and antimicrobial resistance. Recent advances in understanding S. pneumoniae epidemiology, genomic diversity, and the real-world impact of conjugate vaccines have driven the development and licensure of new-generation pneumococcal vaccines with expanded serotype coverage. Introducing 15-valent (PCV15), 20-valent (PCV20), and 21-valent (PCV21) conjugate vaccines has reshaped pneumococcal immunization strategies, particularly in adults, replacing previous sequential vaccine recommendations in many settings. In parallel, emerging epidemiological data and shifts in pneumococcal serotype distribution continue to influence vaccine policy decisions and immunization guidelines worldwide. In light of these advancements, adult pneumococcal vaccination recommendations continuously evolve to enhance protection in high-risk populations and optimize long-term immunity. This review provides an updated overview of the pneumococcal disease burden, the evolution of pneumococcal vaccines, and the latest immunization strategies in an expanding vaccine landscape. Additionally, we discuss future directions in pneumococcal vaccine development and the potential impact of novel vaccination approaches on public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale Ozisik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Türkiye;
- Department of Vaccinology, Vaccine Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Türkiye
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4
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Ganaie FA, Beall BW, Yu J, van der Linden M, McGee L, Satzke C, Manna S, Lo SW, Bentley SD, Ravenscroft N, Nahm MH. Update on the evolving landscape of pneumococcal capsule types: new discoveries and way forward. Clin Microbiol Rev 2025; 38:e0017524. [PMID: 39878373 PMCID: PMC11905375 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00175-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2025] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYStreptococcus pneumoniae (the "pneumococcus") is a significant human pathogen. The key determinant of pneumococcal fitness and virulence is its ability to produce a protective polysaccharide (PS) capsule, and anti-capsule antibodies mediate serotype-specific opsonophagocytic killing of bacteria. Notably, immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has effectively reduced the burden of disease caused by serotypes included in vaccines but has also spurred a relative upsurge in the prevalence of non-vaccine serotypes. Recent advancements in serotyping and bioinformatics surveillance tools coupled with high-resolution analytical techniques have enabled the discovery of numerous new capsule types, thereby providing a fresh perspective on the dynamic pneumococcal landscape. This review offers insights into the current pneumococcal seroepidemiology highlighting important serotype shifts in different global regions in the PCV era. It also comprehensively summarizes newly discovered serotypes from 2007 to 2024, alongside updates on revised chemical structures and the de-novo determinations of structures for previously known serotypes. Furthermore, we spotlight emerging evidence on non-pneumococcal Mitis-group strains that express capsular PS that are serologically and biochemically related to the pneumococcal capsule types. We further discuss the implications of these recent findings on capsule nomenclature, pneumococcal carriage detection, and future PCV design. The review maps out the current status and also outlines the course for future research and vaccine strategies, ensuring a continued effective response to the evolving pneumococcal challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feroze A. Ganaie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary/Allergy/Critical Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Bernard W. Beall
- Eagle Global Scientific, LLC, Contractor to Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jigui Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary/Allergy/Critical Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mark van der Linden
- Reference Laboratory for Streptococci, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lesley McGee
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Catherine Satzke
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sam Manna
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie W. Lo
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Milner Center for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D. Bentley
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Ravenscroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Moon H. Nahm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary/Allergy/Critical Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Savrasova L, Villerusa A, Zeltina I, Krumina A, Cupeca H, Balasegaram S, Greve M, Savicka O, Selderina S, Galajeva J, Dushacka D. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes and factors associated with antimicrobial resistance in Invasive pneumococcal disease cases in Latvia, 2012-2022. Front Public Health 2025; 13:1501821. [PMID: 40145005 PMCID: PMC11937033 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1501821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), including bacteremic pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has significantly reduced the incidence of IPD caused by vaccine-covered serotypes. However, serotype replacement and antimicrobial resistance remain concerns. In Latvia, vaccination against pneumococcal disease was introduced into the NIP in 2010 with PCV7, later transitioning to PCV10 in 2012 and to PCV15 in 2024. This study aims is to determine the changes in S. pneumoniae antimicrobial resistance and its association with PCV10 serotypes in Latvia. Materials and methods We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using IPD surveillance data from Latvia over an 11-year period (2012-2022). IPD cases were defined according to the European Union case definition. Serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed on isolates from normally sterile sites. We analyzed the differences in IPD incidence, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial resistance using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine associations between antimicrobial resistance and risk factors. Results A total of 811 IPD cases were reported, with significant differences observed across the study period (p < 0.001). The most common serotypes were 3 and 19A. The proportion of IPD cases caused by PCV10 serotypes significantly decreased over the years, while cases caused by PCV13, PCV15, and PPPV23 serotypes increased. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed resistance rates of 3.8% to penicillin, 5.4% to erythromycin, and 1.2% to cefotaxime/ceftriaxone. Erythromycin resistance showed significant variation over time (p = 0.016), decreasing from 7.1% in 2012 to 4.8% in 2022. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that IPD cases with S. pneumoniae PCV10 serotypes and meningitis were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of penicillin and erythromycin resistance. Conclusion The study highlights a decrease in erythromycin resistance in IPD cases over time and significant associations between PCV10 serotypes and meningitis in IPD cases and penicillin and erythromycin resistance. The findings underscore the importance of continuous surveillance of S. pneumoniae serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns to inform treatment guidelines and vaccination policies. Further research is needed to assess the long-term impact of the PCV15 vaccine on S. pneumoniae serotype distribution and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Savrasova
- Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradinš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Anita Villerusa
- Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradinš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Indra Zeltina
- Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradinš University, Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital Riga, Riga, Latvia
- Department of Infectology, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Angelika Krumina
- Department of Infectology, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Hedija Cupeca
- Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradinš University, Riga, Latvia
- Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
- Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sooria Balasegaram
- Public Health England Field Epidemiology Service South East and London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mara Greve
- Statistics Unit, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Oksana Savicka
- Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradinš University, Riga, Latvia
- Laboratory “Latvian Centre of Infectious Diseases”, National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Riga, Latvia
| | - Solvita Selderina
- Laboratory “Latvian Centre of Infectious Diseases”, National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jelena Galajeva
- Laboratory “Latvian Centre of Infectious Diseases”, National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Riga, Latvia
| | - Diana Dushacka
- Laboratory “Latvian Centre of Infectious Diseases”, National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Riga, Latvia
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Ben Ayed N, Gargouri O, Mhimdi S, Smaoui F, Mhiri E, Kanzari L, Zribi M, Maalej Mezghanni S, Ktari S, Meftah K, Mohamed N, Zaghden H, Bahri O, Besbes S, Achour W, Slim L, Boutiba I, Smaoui H, Hammami A. The Evolution of the Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Tunisia: A Multicentric Analysis over Two Decades (2000-2019). Antibiotics (Basel) 2025; 14:171. [PMID: 40001415 PMCID: PMC11851641 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics14020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2025] [Revised: 01/30/2025] [Accepted: 02/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading respiratory pathogen responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among vulnerable populations. Understanding its antimicrobial resistance patterns and serotype distribution is crucial for guiding treatment and prevention strategies. This study aims to examine these trends in S. pneumoniae isolates from Tunisia over a two-decade period (2000-2019). Methods: A retrospective time series analysis was conducted on data (n = 4284) gathered from eight university hospital centers across Tunisia. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines. Pneumococcal serotypes were determined for a subset of samples from 2012 to 2019 (n = 903) using multiplex PCR and latex agglutination. Results: Penicillin G resistance decreased from 9-13.7% during 2000-2002 to 4.3% by 2019, while amoxicillin resistance increased until reaching 10% in 2019. Erythromycin resistance initially increased before stabilizing between 61.9% and 66.3% during 2014-2019, whereas tetracycline resistance declined from 2000 to 2008 and fluctuated around 40% during 2009-2019. Levofloxacin resistance did not exceed 1.2% throughout the study period. The most prevalent serotypes were 14, 19F, 19A, 23F, 3, 6B, 6A, and 9V. Among them, serotype 3 was the most susceptible overall. Serotypes 23F, 14, 9V, and 6B displayed the highest levels of multi-drug resistance. Conclusions: Penicillin G (high-dosage), cefotaxime, and levofloxacin are still effective against most S. pneumoniae strains in Tunisia, while erythromycin and tetracycline are not reliable options for treating pneumococcal infections. Alarming resistance rates among prevalent serotypes, except serotype 3, underscore the need for preventive measures, rational antibiotic use, and ongoing surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourelhouda Ben Ayed
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital Center, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (N.B.A.); (O.G.); (S.M.M.)
- Research Laboratory LR03SP03 “Micro-Organisme et Pathologie Humaine”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia; (F.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Omar Gargouri
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital Center, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (N.B.A.); (O.G.); (S.M.M.)
- Research Laboratory LR03SP03 “Micro-Organisme et Pathologie Humaine”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia; (F.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Samar Mhimdi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Bechir Hamza Children’s Hospital, Tunis 1006, Tunisia; (S.M.); (K.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Fahmi Smaoui
- Research Laboratory LR03SP03 “Micro-Organisme et Pathologie Humaine”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia; (F.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Emna Mhiri
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana 2080, Tunisia; (E.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Lamia Kanzari
- National Reference Laboratory on Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (L.K.); (I.B.)
- Microbiology Laboratory, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory “Antimicrobial Resistance” LR99ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Zribi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis 1007, Tunisia;
| | - Senda Maalej Mezghanni
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital Center, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (N.B.A.); (O.G.); (S.M.M.)
- Research Laboratory LR03SP03 “Micro-Organisme et Pathologie Humaine”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia; (F.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Sonia Ktari
- Research Laboratory LR03SP03 “Micro-Organisme et Pathologie Humaine”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia; (F.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Khaoula Meftah
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Bechir Hamza Children’s Hospital, Tunis 1006, Tunisia; (S.M.); (K.M.); (H.S.)
| | | | | | - Olfa Bahri
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, Aziza Othmana Hospital, Tunis 1008, Tunisia;
| | - Sophie Besbes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Mohamed Kassab Orthopaedics Institute, Manouba 2010, Tunisia;
| | - Wafa Achour
- Laboratory Department, Bone and Marrow Transplantation Center, Tunis 1029, Tunisia;
| | - Leila Slim
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana 2080, Tunisia; (E.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Ilhem Boutiba
- National Reference Laboratory on Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (L.K.); (I.B.)
- Microbiology Laboratory, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory “Antimicrobial Resistance” LR99ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Bechir Hamza Children’s Hospital, Tunis 1006, Tunisia; (S.M.); (K.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Adnene Hammami
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital Center, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (N.B.A.); (O.G.); (S.M.M.)
- Research Laboratory LR03SP03 “Micro-Organisme et Pathologie Humaine”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia; (F.S.); (S.K.)
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7
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Maestri A, Park SE, Fernandes F, Li Z“L, Kim YJ, Kim YK, Lee J, Park JY, Kim DH, Yang G, Lim H, Kim JO, Lupinacci R, Sterling TM, Wilck M, Esteves-Jaramillo A, Banniettis N. A phase 3, single-arm, open-label study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, V114, in a 3+1 regimen in healthy infants in South Korea (PNEU-PED-KOR). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2321035. [PMID: 38497448 PMCID: PMC10950266 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2321035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an ongoing burden of pneumococcal disease in children despite the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). This phase 3, open-label, single-arm, multisite, descriptive study was designed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a 3 + 1 regimen of V114 (VAXNEUVANCE™), a 15-valent PCV, in South Korean infants and toddlers. Adverse events (AEs) were reported for 14 d following any vaccination, and throughout the study period for serious AEs. Serotype-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) response rates (proportion of participants meeting an IgG threshold value of ≥0.35 μg/mL) and geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) for the 15 serotypes at 30 d postdose 3 (PD3) and at 30 d postdose 4 (PD4) were evaluated as endpoints. Healthy infants enrolled at 42-90 d after birth were vaccinated with V114 (N = 57). The most commonly reported AEs were those solicited in the trial. The majority of reported AEs were transient and of mild or moderate intensity. Few serious AEs were reported; none were vaccine related. No participants died nor discontinued the study vaccine because of an AE. V114 was immunogenic for all 15 serotypes contained in the vaccine, as assessed by IgG response rates at 30 d PD3 and IgG GMCs at 30 d PD3 and at 30 d PD4. V114 was well tolerated and immunogenic when administered as a 3 + 1 regimen in healthy South Korean infants and toddlers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Su Eun Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Yae-Jean Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - GyongSeon Yang
- Global Medical Scientific Affairs, MSD Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Global Clinical Trial Operations, MSD Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Oh Kim
- Global Medical Scientific Affairs, MSD Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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Cheong D, Song JY. Pneumococcal disease burden in high-risk older adults: Exploring impact of comorbidities, long-term care facilities, antibiotic resistance, and immunization policies through a narrative literature review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2429235. [PMID: 39631047 PMCID: PMC11622649 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2429235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 10/28/2024] [Accepted: 11/10/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of literature on pneumococcal disease burden in high-risk older adults aged ≥65 with focus on impact of comorbidities, long-term care facilities (LTCFs), antibiotic resistance, and vaccination policies across various countries. Research showed that the disease burden and the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci was higher in the elderly, particularly those residing in LTCFs, and with comorbidities. These individuals are at high risk of infection with antibiotic-resistant serotypes 10A, 11A, and 15B. The vaccination strategies and national guidelines for pneumococcal vaccines in the elderly vary across countries. Some countries focus on single-dose strategies, while others recommend sequential vaccinations with varying intervals. Although vaccination policies are well-established for the elderly, they are not as well-established for high-risk elderly groups, and this review underscores the need for more tailored vaccination strategies for these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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9
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Kang DW, June Choe Y, Lee JY, Suk IA, Kim YS, Kim HY, Byun BK, Park SK. Cost-effectiveness analysis of the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for the pediatric population in South Korea. Vaccine 2024; 42:126000. [PMID: 38845302 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) compared to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) for the pediatric population in Korea, where the four-dose vaccine coverage rate is over 97%. METHODS We constructed a Markov model to calculate the cost and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) over 10 years. The health states were susceptible states; disease states, which included invasive pneumococcal diseases such as meningitis, bacteremia, pneumonia, and acute otitis media; and death attributable to pneumococcal disease. The annual incidence and mortality due to pneumococcal diseases were estimated based on the serotypes covered by PCV13 and PCV20, vaccine coverage rate, vaccine effectiveness, and population size. Vaccine, administration, and disease costs were included in the model. RESULTS In the total population (n = 51,431,305), PCV20 prevented more pneumococcal diseases and deaths, resulting in a gain of 74,855 QALY over PCV13. Meanwhile, the PCV20 group spent $275,136,631 less than the PCV13 group. As PCV20 gained more QALYs but spent less on total medical costs than PCV13, PCV20 was dominant over PCV13. CONCLUSIONS In the Korean population, PCV20 is a cost-effective and dominant option over PCV13. Our findings provide evidence for decision-making regarding the introduction of PCV20 in countries with high vaccine coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Won Kang
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Young June Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Health and Value, Pfizer Korea Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ae Suk
- Health and Value, Pfizer Korea Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- Medical Affairs, Pfizer Korea Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Yeon Kim
- Medical Affairs, Pfizer Korea Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Kyung Byun
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kyeong Park
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Dalmieda J, Hitchcock M, Xu J. High diversity within and low but significant genetic differentiation among geographic and temporal populations of the global Streptococcus pneumoniae. Can J Microbiol 2024; 70:226-237. [PMID: 38422492 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2023-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the major cause of invasive pneumococcal disease. However, the global population structure remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of genetic variation of S. pneumoniae based on archived multilocus sequence typing data from PubMLST.org. Our analyses demonstrated both shared and unique distributions of sequence types (STs) and allele types among regional populations. Among the 17 915 global STs, 36 representing 15 263 isolates were broadly shared among all six continents, consistent with recent clonal dispersal and expansion of this pathogen. The analysis of molecular variance revealed that >96% genetic variations were found within individual regional populations. However, though low (<4%), statistically significant genetic differentiation among regional populations was observed. Comparisons between non-clone-corrected and clone-corrected datasets showed that localized clonal expansion contributed significantly to the observed genetic differentiations among regions. Temporal analyses of the isolates showed that implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine impacted the distributions of STs, but the effect on population structure was relatively limited. Linkage disequilibrium analyses identified evidence for recombination in all continental populations; however, the inferred recombination was not random. We discussed the limitations and implications of our analyses to the global epidemiology and future vaccine developments for S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jezreel Dalmieda
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Megan Hitchcock
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Maraki S, Mavromanolaki VE, Stafylaki D, Iliaki-Giannakoudaki E, Kasimati A, Hamilos G. Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae Clinical Serotypes between 2017 and 2022 in Crete, Greece. Infect Chemother 2024; 56:73-82. [PMID: 38403878 PMCID: PMC10990890 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2023.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumococcal disease is still considered a global problem. With the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) serotype epidemiology changed, but antimicrobial resistance persists constituting a serious problem. The current study aimed to determine the serotype distribution and the antimicrobial susceptibility of recent Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, following implementation of the 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13). MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 2017 to December 2022 we evaluated 116 nonduplicate S. pneumoniae isolates collected from adult patients (21 - 98 years) cared for in the University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece. Pneumococcal isolates were serotyped by the Quellung reaction, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using E-test. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was defined as non-susceptibility to at least one agent in ≥3 classes of antibiotics. RESULTS Among the 116 isolates, 31% were recognized as invasive pneumococcal strains, while 69% were non-invasive. The isolates tested belonged to 25 different serotypes. The most prevalent serotypes were 11A (10.3%), and 35B (10.3%), followed by 3 (9.5%), 15A (7.8%), 25F (6.9%), 19A (5.3%), 35F (5.3%), and others (44.6%). The coverage rates of PCV13 and the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) were 26.7% and 57.8%, respectively. PCV13 and PPSV23 serotypes decreased between 2017 - 2019 and 2020 - 2022, with a parallel increase in the non-vaccine types. Resistance rates to erythromycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, penicillin, levofloxacin, and ceftriaxone, were 40.5%, 21.6%, 13.8%, 12.1%, 3.4%, and 0%, respectively. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin. MDR was observed among 36 (31%) S. pneumoniae isolates. CONCLUSION The increasing levels of resistance in S. pneumoniae in Crete, Greece, highlight the need for continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and development of strategies for its reduction, including antimicrobial stewardship programs, increased pneumococcal vaccination, and development of next generation PCVs with a wider serotype coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Maraki
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | | | - Dimitra Stafylaki
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Anna Kasimati
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Hamilos
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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12
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Warda K, Amari S, Boureddane M, Elkamouni Y, Arsalane L, Zouhair S, Bouskraoui M. Changes in pneumococcal serotypes distribution and penicillin resistance in healthy children five years after generalization of PCV10. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25741. [PMID: 38380016 PMCID: PMC10877248 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) nasopharyngeal carriage has significantly decreased after the generalization of pneumococcal vaccination worldwide. This study sought to investigate changes in S. pneumoniae carriage rates, serotype distribution and penicillin non-susceptibility following the generalization of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Methods A prospective study was conducted in Marrakesh, Morocco, between 2017 and 2018, among healthy children attending vaccination centers. We collected nasopharyngeal swabs and questionnaire data for each child. Using univariate logistic regression, we analyzed the association between S. pneumoniae carriage and various risk factors. Comparisons of serotype diversity and penicillin resistance between 2017 and 2018 and the period before introduction of vaccination (2008-2009, n = 660) were performed using Simpson index and the chi-squared test, respectively. Results During 2017-2018, 515 children aged between 6 and 36 months participated. The S. pneumoniae carriage rate was 43.3%. Looking at the distribution serotypes, the rate of PCV10 serotypes rate was only 9.6%. Among non-vaccine serotypes, an increase in serotypes 6C/6D (22; 14%), 19B/19C (17; 10.8%), and 15B/15C (11; 7%) was observed. A particular increase in serotype diversity was also observed after the generalization of PCV10 (p < 0.001). S. pneumoniae non-susceptible to penicillin decreased, reaching a rate of 26.6% in 2017-2018. Conclusion The significant change in S. pneumoniae carriage, serotype distribution, and penicillin resistance highlights the effectiveness of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among children in Marrakesh, Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Warda
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Sara Amari
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Majda Boureddane
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Youssef Elkamouni
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbiology-Virology and Molecular Biology, Avicenna Military Hospital, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Lamiae Arsalane
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbiology-Virology and Molecular Biology, Avicenna Military Hospital, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Said Zouhair
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbiology-Virology and Molecular Biology, Avicenna Military Hospital, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bouskraoui
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
- Department of Pediatrics, Mohamed VI University Hospital Center, Marrakesh, Morocco
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13
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Haranaka M, Young Song J, Huang KC, de Solom R, Yamaji M, McElwee K, Kline M, Aizawa M, Peng Y, Scully I, Kogawara O, Gruber WC, Scott DA, Watson W. A phase 3 randomized trial of the safety and immunogenicity of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in adults ≥ 60 years of age in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Vaccine 2024; 42:1071-1077. [PMID: 38267330 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumococcal infections are associated with high disease burden in older individuals in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. The 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) was developed to extend protection beyond earlier pneumococcal vaccines. METHODS This phase 3 randomized, double-blind study investigated the safety and immunogenicity of PCV20 in participants ≥ 60 years of age from Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Participants were randomized to receive PCV20 or 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). One month after vaccination, PCV20 recipients received a saline injection and PCV13 recipients received 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). Primary immunogenicity objectives were to demonstrate noninferiority of PCV20 to PCV13 (13 matched serotypes) or PPSV23 (7 additional serotypes) for serotype-specific opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) geometric mean titers (GMTs) 1 month after vaccination with PCV20, PCV13, or PPSV23. Noninferiority for each serotype was declared if the lower bound of the 2-sided 95% CI for OPA geometric mean ratio (GMR) was > 0.5. Safety endpoints included local reactions, systemic events, adverse events (AEs), and serious AEs. RESULTS Overall, 1421 participants were vaccinated (median age [range]: 65 [60-85] years). PCV20 was noninferior to PCV13 for all 13 matched serotypes and to PPSV23 for 6 of 7 additional serotypes. Although statistical noninferiority was missed for serotype 8 (lower bound of the 2-sided 95% CI for OPA GMR = 0.5, thus not meeting the statistical noninferiority criterion of > 0.5), secondary immunogenicity endpoints for serotype 8 were supportive of a robust immune response. The incidence of AEs and the frequency and severity of local reactions and systemic events were generally similar after PCV20 and PCV13. No safety concerns were identified. CONCLUSION PCV20 generated robust immune responses to all vaccine serotypes in older adults in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. The safety and tolerability profile was similar to PCV13. PCV20 is expected to help protect against all 20 vaccine serotypes. NCT04875533.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard de Solom
- Vaccine Clinical Research & Development, Pfizer Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kathleen McElwee
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Mary Kline
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | - Yahong Peng
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Ingrid Scully
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Pearl River, NY, USA
| | | | - William C Gruber
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Pearl River, NY, USA
| | - Daniel A Scott
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Wendy Watson
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
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14
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Kang DW, Kim CR, Song JY, Park SK. Cost-effectiveness of the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine versus the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for older adults in South Korea. Vaccine 2024; 42:871-878. [PMID: 38225184 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the demonstrated immunogenicity and safety of the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) in older adults, the cost-effectiveness of the PCV20 was not examined compared to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) in South Korea. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of PCV20 compared with PPSV23 in adults aged 65 years and older in South Korea. METHODS We constructed a Markov model that included susceptible states, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), non-bacteremic pneumonia (NBP), and death. The population was categorized by disease risk status (low risk, moderate risk, and high risk) and age group (65-74/75-84/85-99 years) at model entry. The annual incidence and mortality of IPD and NBP associated with PCV20 and PPSV23 were estimated based on serotype coverage, vaccine coverage, and vaccine effectiveness. The disease costs and utilities were obtained from previous studies. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was used to evaluate cost-effectiveness within the threshold of 16,824 USD per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). RESULTS Among the total population (n = 8,843,072), PCV20 prevented 1941 and 50,575 cases of IPDs and NBPs, respectively, and 898 and 8593 deaths due to IPDs and NBPs compared to PPSV23. The total medical cost per person was 12.11 USD higher in PCV20, with a gain of 0.0053 LYs and 0.0045 QALYs per person. The ICER for PCV20 and PPSV23 was 2270 USD/LY and 2677 USD/QALY. CONCLUSIONS In South Korea, PCV20 is a cost-effective option compared with PPSV23 for adults aged 65 years and older. These cost-effectiveness results provide evidence for decision-making regarding the approval and National Immunization Program implementation of PCV20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Won Kang
- Division of Outcomes Research and Quality, Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Chae-Rin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Kyeong Park
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Shi X, Patil S, Wang Q, Liu Z, Zhu C, Wang H, Chen Y, Li L, Yang L, Zheng Y, Dong S, Bao Y. Prevalence and resistance characteristics of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from the respiratory tracts of hospitalized children in Shenzhen, China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1332472. [PMID: 38268793 PMCID: PMC10806184 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1332472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background PCV13 introduction in China has led to a significant reduction of vaccine serotype Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, non-vaccine serotypes with highly resistance and invasiveness were often reported in the post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era and there was regional differences. Methods A total of 669 S. pneumoniae strains were collected from the respiratory tracts of hospitalized children at Shenzhen Children's Hospital in 2021 and 2022. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) characteristics were assessed through antibiotic susceptibility testing performed with the VITEK 2 compact system. AMR genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pbp1a, pbp2b, and pbp2x were identified via analysis of whole genome sequencing data. Statistical examination of the data was conducted employing chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results We found that non-vaccine serotypes strains had accounted for 46.6% of all the pneumococcal isolated strains. The most common non-vaccine serotype is 23A, with a prevalence rate of 8.9%, followed by 15A (6.6%), 6E (5.7%), 34 (3.2%), and 15B (2.9%). The multidrug resistance rates (MDR) of vaccine serotypes were 19F (99.36%), 19A (100%), 23F (98.08%), 6B (100%), and 6C (100%). Meanwhile, the MDR of non-vaccine serotypes were 15B (100.00%), 6E (100%), 15C (100%), 34 (95.24%), and 23A (98.31%). Resistance rates of 6E to more than six antibiotic classes reached 89.47%, which is similar to 19F (83.33%) and 19A (90%). Unique resistance profiles were also identified for non-vaccine serotypes, including significantly higher resistance to chloramphenicol in 6E, 15B, and 15C than in 19F and 19A. Furthermore, through genome sequencing, we revealed strong correlation of cat-TC with chloramphenicol resistance, patA/patB with tetracycline resistance, ermB and pmrA with erythromycin resistance. Conclusion The introduction of PCV13 into China from 2017 has led to a shift in the dominant composition of pneumococcal strains. There has been a notable rise and spread of multidrug-resistant non-vaccine serotypes among children. Specifically, the non-vaccine serotype 6E, which was not widely reported in China previously, has emerged. To comprehend the resistance mechanisms, it is crucial to further investigate the molecular and genetic characteristics of these non-vaccine serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Shenzhen Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sandip Patil
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunqin Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Heping Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunshen Chen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuejie Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaowei Dong
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanmin Bao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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16
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Dai G, Wang T, He Y, Jiang W, Sun H, Chen Z, Zhang T, Yan Y. Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates among children in Suzhou, China. Transl Pediatr 2023; 12:2203-2212. [PMID: 38197098 PMCID: PMC10772826 DOI: 10.21037/tp-23-547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) is responsible for pneumococcal diseases with severe morbidity and mortality. High rates of drug resistance constitute serious public health concerns. Vaccination has proven to be an effective means of reducing disease burden. Epidemiological information of antibiotic susceptibilities and serotype distribution will be of great help to the management of pneumococcal infections. This study reported the serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance pattern of SP in hospitalized children in Suzhou during the years 2017-2018. The aim is to reduce pneumococcal resistance and guide vaccination. Methods The clinical data of hospitalized children with SP were collected and analyzed. A total of 2,446 strains of SP were isolated from these patients. Serotypes were determined using the Quellung reaction. Antibiotic resistance was tested using the E-test diffusion method. Results The non-susceptible rates of the isolates to penicillin, amoxicillin, and cefotaxime were 9.5%, 27.7%, and 27.2%, respectively. And 97.6% of SP isolates showed multidrug-resistant (MDR). The most common resistance pattern of non-invasive isolates was macrolides + sulfamethoxazole + clindamycin + tetracycline. The major serotypes of this resistance pattern were 6A, 23F, 6B, 19F, 15B. The most extensive resistance pattern of invasive isolates was macrolides + β-lactams + sulfamethoxazole + clindamycin + tetracycline. The most common serotypes of the pattern were 19F, 19A, 6B, 23F, 6A. The most common serotypes were 19F (28.6%), 6B (11.9), 23F (11.2%), 6A (10.6%), and 19A (9.1%). In the isolates with MDR, the first five most common serotypes were 19F, non-vaccine serotype (NVT), 6B, 6A and 23F. Strains belonging to different serotypes exhibited distinct antimicrobial resistance patterns and were found to be associated with different diseases. The coverage rates of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)7 and PCV13 in all isolates reached 60.4% (310/513) and 80.9% (415/513), respectively. Conclusions The main serotypes of SP in Suzhou were 19F, 6B, 23F, 6A, and 19A. The use of PCV13 is beneficial to children in Suzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Dai
- Respiratory Department, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Respiratory Department, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuting He
- Respiratory Department, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wujun Jiang
- Respiratory Department, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiming Sun
- Respiratory Department, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengrong Chen
- Respiratory Department, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongdong Yan
- Respiratory Department, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Lee MS. Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases in Korean Adults After the Introduction of Pneumococcal Vaccine into the National Immunization Program. Infect Chemother 2023; 55:411-421. [PMID: 38183392 PMCID: PMC10771953 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2023.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Although Streptococcus pneumoniae has been one of the most common bacterial causes of disease in humans, its impact has been blunted by the broad use of vaccines. Since 2018, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in Korea decreased with effective pneumococcal vaccines but is on the rise again recently. In this paper I will review the epidemiology, risk factors, and antibiotic resistance of invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of the pneumococcal vaccine in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Suk Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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18
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Yokota C, Fujimoto K, Yamakawa N, Kono M, Miyaoka D, Shimohigoshi M, Uematsu M, Watanabe M, Kamei Y, Sugimoto A, Kawasaki N, Yabuno T, Okamura T, Kuroda E, Hamaguchi S, Sato S, Hotomi M, Akeda Y, Ishii KJ, Yasutomi Y, Sunami K, Uematsu S. Prime-boost-type PspA3 + 2 mucosal vaccine protects cynomolgus macaques from intratracheal challenge with pneumococci. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:55. [PMID: 37964391 PMCID: PMC10647109 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although vaccination is recommended for protection against invasive pneumococcal disease, the frequency of pneumococcal pneumonia is still high worldwide. In fact, no vaccines are effective for all pneumococcal serotypes. Fusion pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) has been shown to induce a broad range of cross-reactivity with clinical isolates and afford cross-protection against pneumococcal challenge in mice. Furthermore, we developed prime-boost-type mucosal vaccines that induce both antigen-specific IgG in serum and antigen-specific IgA in targeted mucosal organs in previous studies. We investigated whether our prime-boost-type immunization with a fusion PspA was effective against pneumococcal infection in mice and cynomolgus macaques. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were intramuscularly injected with fusion PspA combined with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and/or curdlan. Six weeks later, PspA was administered intranasally. Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected and antigen-specific IgG and IgA titers were measured. Some mice were given intranasal Streptococcus pneumoniae and the severity of infection was analyzed. Macaques were intramuscularly injected with fusion PspA combined with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and/or curdlan at week 0 and week 4. Then, 13 or 41 weeks later, PspA was administered intratracheally. Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected and antigen-specific IgG and IgA titers were measured. Some macaques were intranasally administered S. pneumoniae and analyzed for the severity of pneumonia. RESULTS Serum samples from mice and macaques injected with antigens in combination with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and/or curdlan contained antigen-specific IgG. Bronchial samples contained antigen-specific IgA after the fusion PspA boosting. This immunization regimen effectively prevented S. pneumoniae infection. CONCLUSIONS Prime-boost-type immunization with a fusion PspA prevented S. pneumoniae infection in mice and macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Yokota
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujimoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Metagenome Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Yamakawa
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Kono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Daichi Miyaoka
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Shimohigoshi
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miho Uematsu
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Watanabe
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukari Kamei
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Sugimoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kawasaki
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takato Yabuno
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Okamura
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kuroda
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Fostering Required Medica Human Resources, Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeto Hamaguchi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Fostering Required Medica Human Resources, Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sato
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Muneki Hotomi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kishiko Sunami
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
- Division of Metagenome Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Research Institute for Drug Discovery Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
- International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
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19
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Abdul Rahman NA, Mohd Desa MN, Masri SN, Taib NM, Sulaiman N, Hazman H, John J. The Molecular Approaches and Challenges of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotyping for Epidemiological Surveillance in the Vaccine Era. Pol J Microbiol 2023; 72:103-115. [PMID: 37314355 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) belongs to the Gram-positive cocci. This bacterium typically colonizes the nasopharyngeal region of healthy individuals. It has a distinct polysaccharide capsule - a virulence factor allowing the bacteria to elude the immune defense mechanisms. Consequently, it might trigger aggressive conditions like septicemia and meningitis in immunocompromised or older individuals. Moreover, children below five years of age are at risk of morbidity and mortality. Studies have found 101 S. pneumoniae capsular serotypes, of which several correlate with clinical and carriage isolates with distinct disease aggressiveness. Introducing pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) targets the most common disease-associated serotypes. Nevertheless, vaccine selection pressure leads to replacing the formerly dominant vaccine serotypes (VTs) by non-vaccine types (NVTs). Therefore, serotyping must be conducted for epidemiological surveillance and vaccine assessment. Serotyping can be performed using numerous techniques, either by the conventional antisera-based (Quellung and latex agglutination) or molecular-based approaches (sequetyping, multiplex PCR, real-time PCR, and PCR-RFLP). A cost-effective and practical approach must be used to enhance serotyping accuracy to monitor the prevalence of VTs and NVTs. Therefore, dependable pneumococcal serotyping techniques are essential to precisely monitor virulent lineages, NVT emergence, and genetic associations of isolates. This review discusses the principles, associated benefits, and drawbacks of the respective available conventional and molecular approaches, and potentially the whole genome sequencing (WGS) to be directed for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Asyikin Abdul Rahman
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- 2School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kuala Pilah, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Norbaya Masri
- 3Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Niazlin Mohd Taib
- 3Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nurshahira Sulaiman
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hazmin Hazman
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - James John
- 4Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Allied Health Science, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
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20
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Nakamoto R, Bamyaci S, Blomqvist K, Normark S, Henriques-Normark B, Sham LT. The divisome but not the elongasome organizes capsule synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3170. [PMID: 37264013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial cell envelope consists of multiple layers, including the peptidoglycan cell wall, one or two membranes, and often an external layer composed of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) or other components. How the synthesis of all these layers is precisely coordinated remains unclear. Here, we identify a mechanism that coordinates the synthesis of CPS and peptidoglycan in Streptococcus pneumoniae. We show that CPS synthesis initiates from the division septum and propagates along the long axis of the cell, organized by the tyrosine kinase system CpsCD. CpsC and the rest of the CPS synthesis complex are recruited to the septum by proteins associated with the divisome (a complex involved in septal peptidoglycan synthesis) but not the elongasome (involved in peripheral peptidoglycan synthesis). Assembly of the CPS complex starts with CpsCD, then CpsA and CpsH, the glycosyltransferases, and finally CpsJ. Remarkably, targeting CpsC to the cell pole is sufficient to reposition CPS synthesis, leading to diplococci that lack CPS at the septum. We propose that septal CPS synthesis is important for chain formation and complement evasion, thereby promoting bacterial survival inside the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Nakamoto
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Sarp Bamyaci
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Karin Blomqvist
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden
- Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Staffan Normark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Henriques-Normark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden
- Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lok-To Sham
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
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21
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Golden AR, Adam HJ, Karlowsky JA, Baxter M, Schellenberg J, Martin I, Demczuk W, Minion J, Van Caeseele P, Kus JV, McGeer A, Lefebvre B, Smadi H, Haldane D, Yu Y, Mead K, Mulvey MR, Zhanel GG. Genomic investigation of the most common Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes causing invasive infections in Canada: the SAVE study, 2011-2020. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:i26-i36. [PMID: 37130587 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the lineages and genomic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants of the 10 most common pneumococcal serotypes identified in Canada during the five most recent years of the SAVE study, in the context of the 10-year post-PCV13 period in Canada. METHODS The 10 most common invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes collected by the SAVE study from 2016 to 2020 were 3, 22F, 9N, 8, 4, 12F, 19A, 33F, 23A and 15A. A random sample comprising ∼5% of each of these serotypes collected during each year of the full SAVE study (2011-2020) were selected for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using the Illumina NextSeq platform. Phylogenomic analysis was performed using the SNVPhyl pipeline. WGS data were used to identify virulence genes of interest, sequence types, global pneumococcal sequence clusters (GPSC) and AMR determinants. RESULTS Of the 10 serotypes analysed in this study, six increased significantly in prevalence from 2011 to 2020: 3, 4, 8, 9N, 23A and 33F (P ≤ 0.0201). Serotypes 12F and 15A remained stable in prevalence over time, while serotype 19A decreased in prevalence (P < 0.0001). The investigated serotypes represented four of the most prevalent international lineages causing non-vaccine serotype pneumococcal disease in the PCV13 era: GPSC3 (serotypes 8/33F), GPSC19 (22F), GPSC5 (23A) and GPSC26 (12F). Of these lineages, GPSC5 isolates were found to consistently possess the most AMR determinants. Commonly collected vaccine serotypes 3 and 4 were associated with GPSC12 and GPSC27, respectively. However, a more recently collected lineage of serotype 4 (GPSC192) was highly clonal and possessed AMR determinants. CONCLUSIONS Continued genomic surveillance of S. pneumoniae in Canada is essential to monitor for the appearance of new and evolving lineages, including antimicrobial-resistant GPSC5 and GPSC162.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R Golden
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Heather J Adam
- Clinical Microbiology, Shared Health, MS673-820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - James A Karlowsky
- Clinical Microbiology, Shared Health, MS673-820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Melanie Baxter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - John Schellenberg
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Irene Martin
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Walter Demczuk
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Jessica Minion
- Roy Romanow Provincial Laboratory, Saskatchewan Health Authority, 5 Research Drive, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A4, Canada
| | - Paul Van Caeseele
- Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Shared Health, 750 William Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3J7, Canada
| | - Julianne V Kus
- Public Health Ontario Laboratory, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle-6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Allison McGeer
- Toronto Invasive Bacterial Diseases Network (TIBDN), Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital. 600 University Avenue-Suite 171, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Brigitte Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, 20045 Ch Ste-Marie, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3R5, Canada
| | - Hanan Smadi
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, New Brunswick Department of Health, 520 King Street, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5G8, Canada
| | - David Haldane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Yang Yu
- Newfoundland and Labrador Public Health Laboratory, Dr. Leonard A. Miller Centre-Suite 1, 100 Forest Road, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1A 1E3, Canada
| | - Kristen Mead
- Provincial Laboratory Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 60 Riverside Drive, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 8T5, Canada
| | - Michael R Mulvey
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - George G Zhanel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
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22
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Patil S, Chen H, Lopes BS, Liu S, Wen F. Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in young children. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2023; 4:e69. [PMID: 36328027 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Patil
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China; Paediatric Research Institute, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China
| | - Bruno Silvester Lopes
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK; National Horizons Centre Darlington, UK
| | - Sixi Liu
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China; Paediatric Research Institute, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China.
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23
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Huh HJ, Sung H. Recent Trends in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Korea in the Post-pneumococcal Vaccine Era. Ann Lab Med 2023; 43:1-2. [PMID: 36045050 PMCID: PMC9467838 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2023.43.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jae Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heungsup Sung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Corresponding author: Heungsup Sung, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-4499, Fax: +82-2-478-0884, E-mail:
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