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Ryazanova TV, Eliseikina MG, Kukhlevsky AD. Milky hemolymph syndrome (MHS) associated with a virus in tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi off the Pacific coast of Kamchatka. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 196:107864. [PMID: 36436574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Milky hemolymph syndrome (MHS) caused by a bacilliform virus (BV) was found in tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi in the shelf zone of Kamchatka. The prevalence of the disease varied from 0.18 to 1.02%. A total lesion of the cells of the interstitial connective tissue and the connective tissue component of all internal organs was noted, which was expressed in the hypertrophy of their nuclei. In addition, hypertrophy of fixed phagocytes and circulating hemocytes was noted. Ultrastructural analysis of the tissues confirmed that in the interstitial connective tissue of pathologically altered organs, virus particles of two morphotypes were found - rod-shaped and globular. In the cytoplasm of infected cells, bands of microtubules formed near where viral particles were concentrated. In the area of contacts at the poles of microtubules, successive stages of the transformation of rod-shaped viruses into globular viruses was observed. The bacilliform virus that infects C. bairdi is structurally very similar to CoBV found in Chionoecetes opilio. Structural features are characteristic of representatives of fam. Nimaviridae. The molecular data obtained suggest that the virus causing MHS in C. bairdi is systematically very close, if not identical, to CoBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Ryazanova
- Kamchatka Filiation of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, St. Naberezhnaya 18, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 683000, Russia
| | - M G Eliseikina
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Palchevskogo 17, Vladivostok 690041, Russia.
| | - A D Kukhlevsky
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Palchevskogo 17, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
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Rajendran KV, Pagare S, Raut S, Pani Prasad K, Pathan MA. Monodon baculovirus (MBV) infects wild mud crab, Scylla serrata. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 187:107701. [PMID: 34914968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During a survey of farmed and wild crustaceans from India for viruses, spherical baculovirosis otherwise known as Penaeus monodon-type baculovirus (MBV) was detected in field-collected juvenile/sub-adult mud crab, Scylla serrata using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based amplification of the hepatopancreatic DNA. Eight out of 115 mud crab (7.0%) examined during the study were found to be positive in the nested PCR resulting in a 361 nt amplicon. Mud crab, S. olivacea and other crustaceans such as marine crab, Portunus sanguinolentus and farmed penaeid shrimp, Penaeus vannamei and P. monodon were tested negative for the virus. Further, degenerate primers reported to amplify polyhedrin protein gene of MBV also showed PCR amplification in one of the MBV-positive crab samples resulting in a 250 nt amplicon. Sequencing of the two target amplicons (MBV- 361 nt and MBV polyhedrin - 216 nt) revealed more than 97.5 % and 92.8% sequence identity, respectively with the Penaeus monodon nudivirus and Penaeus monodon nucleopolyhedrovirus (MBV) reported from shrimp. Further, histological analysis of mud crab revealed nuclear hypertrophy, chromatin margination and intranuclear eosinophilic/basophilic inclusions in tubule epithelium of hepatopancreas. The hepatopancreatic tissue also showed unusually large, eosinophilic/basophilic inclusion-like structures. These inclusions resembled the viral inclusions reported from S. serrata from Australia. This is the first record of monodon-type baculovirus from a crab host and the second from a non-penaeid crustacean. Interestingly, some of the crab samples also showed deeply basophilic intranuclear inclusion-like bodies resembling hepatopancreatic parvovirus group of viruses (HPV). However, none of the crab samples subjected to PCR amplification using HPV-specific primers showed any amplification. The histological observations made in the present study indicate the possibility of the presence of two hepatopancreas-infecting viruses in S. serrata from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Rajendran
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India.
| | - Shruti Pagare
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Sailee Raut
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India
| | - K Pani Prasad
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Mujahidkhan A Pathan
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India
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Bateman KS, Kerr R, Stentiford GD, Bean TP, Hooper C, Van Eynde B, Delbare D, Bojko J, Christiaens O, Taning CNT, Smagghe G, van Oers MM, van Aerle R. Identification and Full Characterisation of Two Novel Crustacean Infecting Members of the Family Nudiviridae Provides Support for Two Subfamilies. Viruses 2021; 13:1694. [PMID: 34578276 DOI: 10.3390/v13091694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple enveloped viruses with rod-shaped nucleocapsids have been described, infecting the epithelial cell nuclei within the hepatopancreas tubules of crustaceans. These bacilliform viruses share the ultrastructural characteristics of nudiviruses, a specific clade of viruses infecting arthropods. Using histology, electron microscopy and high throughput sequencing, we characterise two further bacilliform viruses from aquatic hosts, the brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) and the European shore crab (Carcinus maenas). We assembled the full double stranded, circular DNA genome sequences of these viruses (~113 and 132 kbp, respectively). Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses confirm that both belong within the family Nudiviridae but in separate clades representing nudiviruses found in freshwater and marine environments. We show that the three thymidine kinase (tk) genes present in all sequenced nudivirus genomes, thus far, were absent in the Crangon crangon nudivirus, suggesting there are twenty-eight core genes shared by all nudiviruses. Furthermore, the phylogenetic data no longer support the subdivision of the family Nudiviridae into four genera (Alphanudivirus to Deltanudivirus), as recently adopted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), but rather shows two main branches of the family that are further subdivided. Our data support a recent proposal to create two subfamilies within the family Nudiviridae, each subdivided into several genera.
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Allain TW, Stentiford GD, Bass D, Behringer DC, Bojko J. A novel nudivirus infecting the invasive demon shrimp Dikerogammarus haemobaphes (Amphipoda). Sci Rep 2020; 10:14816. [PMID: 32908207 PMCID: PMC7481228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Nudiviridae are a family of large double-stranded DNA viruses that infects the cells of the gut in invertebrates, including insects and crustaceans. The phylogenetic range of the family has recently been enhanced via the description of viruses infecting penaeid shrimp, crangonid shrimp, homarid lobsters and portunid crabs. Here we extend this by presenting the genome of another nudivirus infecting the amphipod Dikerogammarus haemobaphes. The virus, which infects cells of the host hepatopancreas, has a circular genome of 119,754 bp in length, and encodes a predicted 106 open reading frames. This novel virus encodes all the conserved nudiviral genes (sharing 57 gene homologues with other crustacean-infecting nudiviruses) but appears to lack the p6.9 gene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this virus branches before the other crustacean-infecting nudiviruses and shares low levels of gene/protein similarity to the Gammanudivirus genus. Comparison of gene synteny from known crustacean-infecting nudiviruses reveals conservation between Homarus gammarus nudivirus and Penaeus monodon nudivirus; however, three genomic rearrangements in this novel amphipod virus appear to break the gene synteny between this and the ones infecting lobsters and penaeid shrimp. We explore the evolutionary history and systematics of this novel virus, suggesting that it be included in the novel Epsilonnudivirus genus (Nudiviridae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Allain
- School of Forest Resource and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquatic Science (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4PY, UK
| | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquatic Science (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Donald C Behringer
- School of Forest Resource and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32653, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jamie Bojko
- School of Health and Life Science, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK.
- National Horizons Centre of Excellence in Bioscience Industry, Teesside University, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK.
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Van Eynde B, Christiaens O, Delbare D, Shi C, Vanhulle E, Yinda CK, Matthijnssens J, Smagghe G. Exploration of the virome of the European brown shrimp (Crangon crangon). J Gen Virol 2020; 101:651-666. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Crangon crangon is economically a very important species. Recently, promising culture attempts have been made, but a major problem is the uncontrollable mortality during the grow-out phase. As of yet, the life cycle of C. crangon is not closed in captivity so wild-caught individuals are used for further rearing. Therefore, it is important to investigate the virome of C. crangon both in wild-caught animals as in cultured animals. In recent years, next-generation-sequencing (NGS) technologies have been very important in the unravelling of the virome of a wide range of environments and matrices, such as soil, sea, potable water, but also of a wide range of animal species. This will be the first report of a virome study in C. crangon using NGS in combination with the NetoVIR protocol. The near complete genomes of 16 novel viruses were described, most of which were rather distantly related to unclassified viruses or viruses belonging to the Picornavirales, Bunyavirales Nudiviridae, Parvoviridae, Flaviviridae, Hepeviridae, Tombusviridae, Narnaviridae, Nodaviridae, Sobemovirus. A difference in virome composition was observed between muscle and hepatopancreatic tissue, suggesting a distinct tissue tropism of several of these viruses. Some differences in the viral composition were noted between the cultured and wild shrimp, which could indicate that in sub-optimal aquaculture conditions some viruses become more abundant. This research showed that a plethora of unknown viruses is present in C. crangon and that more research is needed to determine which virus is potentially dangerous for the culture of C. crangon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benigna Van Eynde
- Animal Sciences Unit-Fisheries, Flanders research institute for agriculture, fisheries and food (ILVO), 8400 Ostend, Belgium
- Department of Plant and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Christiaens
- Department of Plant and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daan Delbare
- Animal Sciences Unit-Fisheries, Flanders research institute for agriculture, fisheries and food (ILVO), 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Chenyan Shi
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emiel Vanhulle
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claude Kwe Yinda
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plant and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Vermeersch XHC, Decostere A, Vlaemynck G, Chiers K. First report of an idiopathic partial tail myonecrosis in European brown shrimp Crangon crangon caught in the North Sea. Dis Aquat Organ 2020; 138:35-40. [PMID: 32103821 DOI: 10.3354/dao03450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The European brown shrimp Crangon crangon is an abundant and commercially important species in the North Sea. Currently, there is interest in landing live shrimp to provide fresh animals for a growing market in live brown shrimp. During 4 survival studies between 2014 and 2016, shrimp were collected from commercial trawlers and maintained alive in off-shore facilities. From Day 1 onwards, a minority of shrimp (~2.24%) developed a white discoloration of the abdominal muscles and a depigmentation of the distal part of the abdomen, along with paralysis of the affected tissues and appendages. As the symptoms progressed, a circumferential blackish delineation appeared, creating a distinct boundary between healthy and necrotic tissue. Affected shrimp survived up to 3 wk, although in several animals the distal part of the tail was completely lost. Histological and electron microscopical examination confirmed the myonecrosis. A secondary bacterial invasion of the necrotic muscle was observed in some animals. RT-PCR for infectious myonecrosis virus was negative. The condition appears not to be contagious, based on the feeding of healthy shrimp with necrotic tissue of affected shrimp. Based on these observations, a mechanical cause inflicted during the catching process is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier H C Vermeersch
- Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
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Abstract
The hepatopancreas of decapod crustaceans is used as an example to illustrate the range of cytopathologies, detoxification mechanisms, and immune responses that environmental toxicants and pathogens can induce in a single organ. The hepatopancreas is the central metabolic organ of decapods and consists of hundreds of blindly-ending tubules and intertubular spaces. The tubular epithelium contains 5 structurally and functionally different cell types, and the interstitium contains haemolymph, haemocytes, connective tissue, and fixed phagocytes. Some physiological conditions such as moulting and starvation cause marked but reversible ultrastructural alterations of the epithelial cells. Environmental toxicants induce either detoxification mechanisms or structural damage in cells, depending on toxicant and concentration. The hepatopancreas is also a main target organ for pathogens, mainly viruses, bacteria, and protists that enter the body via the digestive tract and gills and replicate in the hepatopancreatocytes. The cytopathologies caused by toxicants and pathogens affect single cell types specifically or, more often, several cell types simultaneously. Pathogenesis often begins in a certain cell organelle such as the nucleus, mitochondrion, or endoplasmic reticulum, spreads to other organelles, and ends with death of the infected cell. Fixed phagocytes in the interstitium capture and degrade pathogens that move from the infected tubules into the intertubular spaces or enter the hepatopancreas via circulation. Relatively few disease agents elicit the melanisation and encapsulation reaction that encloses infected tubules by a rigid melanised capsule and kills the entrapped pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Vogt
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Holt CC, Stone M, Bass D, Bateman KS, van Aerle R, Daniels CL, van der Giezen M, Ross SH, Hooper C, Stentiford GD. The first clawed lobster virus Homarus gammarus nudivirus (HgNV n. sp.) expands the diversity of the Nudiviridae. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10086. [PMID: 31300678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases of crustaceans are increasingly recognised as challenges to shellfish farms and fisheries. Here we describe the first naturally-occurring virus reported in any clawed lobster species. Hypertrophied nuclei with emarginated chromatin, characteristic histopathological lesions of DNA virus infection, were observed within the hepatopancreatic epithelial cells of juvenile European lobsters (Homarus gammarus). Transmission electron microscopy revealed infection with a bacilliform virus containing a rod shaped nucleocapsid enveloped in an elliptical membrane. Assembly of PCR-free shotgun metagenomic sequencing produced a circular genome of 107,063 bp containing 97 open reading frames, the majority of which share sequence similarity with a virus infecting the black tiger shrimp: Penaeus monodon nudivirus (PmNV). Multiple phylogenetic analyses confirm the new virus to be a novel member of the Nudiviridae: Homarus gammarus nudivirus (HgNV). Evidence of occlusion body formation, characteristic of PmNV and its closest relatives, was not observed, questioning the horizontal transmission strategy of HgNV outside of the host. We discuss the potential impacts of HgNV on juvenile lobster growth and mortality and present HgNV-specific primers to serve as a diagnostic tool for monitoring the virus in wild and farmed lobster stocks.
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Van Eynde B, Christiaens O, Delbare D, Cooreman K, Bateman KS, Stentiford GD, Dullemans AM, van Oers MM, Smagghe G. Development and application of a duplex PCR assay for detection of Crangon crangon bacilliform virus in populations of European brown shrimp (Crangon crangon). J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 153:195-202. [PMID: 29548517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crangon crangon bacilliform virus (CcBV) was first discovered in 2004 in European brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) caught along the English coast. This study describes a duplex PCR assay developed for the detection of CcBV, based on amplification of the lef-8 gene (211 bp) of CcBV and the E75 gene (105 bp) of C. crangon as an internal amplification control. The lef-8 and E75 primer pairs were designed based on preliminary genome sequencing information of the virus and transcriptomic data available for C. crangon, respectively. Sequencing of the resulting amplicons confirmed the specificity of this PCR assay and sequence analysis of the lef-8 fragment revealed amino acid identity percentages ranging between 31 and 42% with members of the Nudiviridae, proposing that CcBV may reside within this family. Finally, the duplex PCR assay was applied to samples of C. crangon hepatopancreas tissue collected along the Belgian coast to screen for the presence of CcBV. The prevalence of CcBV averaged 87%, which is comparable to previous reports of high prevalence, based upon histological analysis, in shrimp collected along the English coast. Development of a specific and sensitive PCR assay to detect CcBV will provide a useful tool for future aquaculture and research programs involving C. crangon.
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Bateman K, Stentiford G. A taxonomic review of viruses infecting crustaceans with an emphasis on wild hosts. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 147:86-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bojko J, Bącela-Spychalska K, Stebbing PD, Dunn AM, Grabowski M, Rachalewski M, Stentiford GD. Parasites, pathogens and commensals in the "low-impact" non-native amphipod host Gammarus roeselii. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:193. [PMID: 28427445 PMCID: PMC5397875 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whilst vastly understudied, pathogens of non-native species (NNS) are increasingly recognised as important threats to native wildlife. This study builds upon recent recommendations for improved screening for pathogens in NNS by focusing on populations of Gammarus roeselii in Chojna, north-western Poland. At this location, and in other parts of continental Europe, G. roeselii is considered a well-established and relatively ‘low-impact’ invader, with little understanding about its underlying pathogen profile and even less on potential spill-over of these pathogens to native species. Results Using a combination of histological, ultrastructural and phylogenetic approaches, we define a pathogen profile for non-native populations of G. roeselii in Poland. This profile comprised acanthocephalans (Polymorphus minutus Goese, 1782 and Pomphorhynchus sp.), digenean trematodes, commensal rotifers, commensal and parasitic ciliated protists, gregarines, microsporidia, a putative rickettsia-like organism, filamentous bacteria and two viral pathogens, the majority of which are previously unknown to science. To demonstrate potential for such pathogenic risks to be characterised from a taxonomic perspective, one of the pathogens, a novel microsporidian, is described based upon its pathology, developmental cycle and SSU rRNA gene phylogeny. The novel microsporidian Cucumispora roeselii n. sp. displayed closest morphological and phylogenetic similarity to two previously described taxa, Cucumispora dikerogammari (Ovcharenko & Kurandina, 1987), and Cucumispora ornata Bojko, Dunn, Stebbing, Ross, Kerr & Stentiford, 2015. Conclusions In addition to our discovery extending the host range for the genus Cucumispora Ovcharenko, Bacela, Wilkinson, Ironside, Rigaud & Wattier, 2010 outside of the amphipod host genus Dikerogammarus Stebbing, we reveal significant potential for the co-transfer of (previously unknown) pathogens alongside this host when invading novel locations. This study highlights the importance of pre-invasion screening of low-impact NNS and, provides a means to document and potentially mitigate the additional risks posed by previously unknown pathogens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2108-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Bojko
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Pathology and Molecular Systematics Team, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Karolina Bącela-Spychalska
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paul D Stebbing
- Epidemiology and Risk Team, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Alison M Dunn
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Rachalewski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- Pathology and Molecular Systematics Team, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK. .,European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.
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Bézier A, Harichaux G, Musset K, Labas V, Herniou EA. Qualitative proteomic analysis of Tipula oleracea nudivirus occlusion bodies. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:284-295. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Bézier
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261 CNRS Université François-Rabelais, Tours 37200, France
| | - Grégoire Harichaux
- INRA, PRC UMR85-CNRS 7247-UFR-IFCE, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de masse, Plateforme d’Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules et de Phénomique des Animaux d’Intérêt Bio-agronomique (PAIB2), Nouzilly 37380, France
| | - Karine Musset
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261 CNRS Université François-Rabelais, Tours 37200, France
| | - Valérie Labas
- INRA, PRC UMR85-CNRS 7247-UFR-IFCE, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de masse, Plateforme d’Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules et de Phénomique des Animaux d’Intérêt Bio-agronomique (PAIB2), Nouzilly 37380, France
| | - Elisabeth A Herniou
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261 CNRS Université François-Rabelais, Tours 37200, France
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Longshaw M, Stebbing PD, Bateman KS, Hockley FA. Histopathological survey of pathogens and commensals of white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) in England and Wales. J Invertebr Pathol 2012; 110:54-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Stentiford GD, Neil DM, Peeler EJ, Shields JD, Small HJ, Flegel TW, Vlak JM, Jones B, Morado F, Moss S, Lotz J, Bartholomay L, Behringer DC, Hauton C, Lightner DV. Disease will limit future food supply from the global crustacean fishery and aquaculture sectors. J Invertebr Pathol 2012; 110:141-57. [PMID: 22434002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Seafood is a highly traded food commodity. Farmed and captured crustaceans contribute a significant proportion with annual production exceeding 10 M metric tonnes with first sale value of $40bn. The sector is dominated by farmed tropical marine shrimp, the fastest growing sector of the global aquaculture industry. It is significant in supporting rural livelihoods and alleviating poverty in producing nations within Asia and Latin America while forming an increasing contribution to aquatic food supply in more developed countries. Nations with marine borders often also support important marine fisheries for crustaceans that are regionally traded as live animals and commodity products. A general separation of net producing and net consuming nations for crustacean seafood has created a truly globalised food industry. Projections for increasing global demand for seafood in the face of level or declining fisheries requires continued expansion and intensification of aquaculture while ensuring best utilisation of captured stocks. Furthermore, continued pressure from consuming nations to ensure safe products for human consumption are being augmented by additional legislative requirements for animals (and their products) to be of low disease status. As a consequence, increasing emphasis is being placed on enforcement of regulations and better governance of the sector; currently this is a challenge in light of a fragmented industry and less stringent regulations associated with animal disease within producer nations. Current estimates predict that up to 40% of tropical shrimp production (>$3bn) is lost annually, mainly due to viral pathogens for which standard preventative measures (e.g. such as vaccination) are not feasible. In light of this problem, new approaches are urgently required to enhance yield by improving broodstock and larval sourcing, promoting best management practices by farmer outreach and supporting cutting-edge research that aims to harness the natural abilities of invertebrates to mitigate assault from pathogens (e.g. the use of RNA interference therapeutics). In terms of fisheries losses associated with disease, key issues are centred on mortality and quality degradation in the post-capture phase, largely due to poor grading and handling by fishers and the industry chain. Occurrence of disease in wild crustaceans is also widely reported, with some indications that climatic changes may be increasing susceptibility to important pathogens (e.g. the parasite Hematodinium). However, despite improvements in field and laboratory diagnostics, defining population-level effects of disease in these fisheries remains elusive. Coordination of disease specialists with fisheries scientists will be required to understand current and future impacts of existing and emergent diseases on wild stocks. Overall, the increasing demand for crustacean seafood in light of these issues signals a clear warning for the future sustainability of this global industry. The linking together of global experts in the culture, capture and trading of crustaceans with pathologists, epidemiologists, ecologists, therapeutics specialists and policy makers in the field of food security will allow these issues to be better identified and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Stentiford
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Crustacean Diseases, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
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Longshaw M, Feist SW, Bateman KS. Parasites and pathogens of the endosymbiotic pea crab (Pinnotheres pisum) from blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) in England. J Invertebr Pathol 2012; 109:235-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Longshaw
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
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Mydlarz LD, Jones LE, Harvell CD. Innate Immunity, Environmental Drivers, and Disease Ecology of Marine and Freshwater Invertebrates. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 2006. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura D. Mydlarz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; , ,
| | - Laura E. Jones
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; , ,
| | - C. Drew Harvell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; , ,
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Stentiford GD, Feist SW. A histopathological survey of shore crab (Carcinus maenas) and brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) from six estuaries in the United Kingdom. J Invertebr Pathol 2005; 88:136-46. [PMID: 15766930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2005.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2004] [Revised: 10/13/2004] [Accepted: 01/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Invertebrates show considerable potential as sentinel organisms for the monitoring of the health status of aquatic systems. They are generally small, abundant, relatively sessile, and may readily bioaccumulate toxins. Cascade-like stress responses can occur following acute or chronic exposures to contaminated environments and as such, the overall health status of individuals within those environments, both in terms of histopathological lesions and the presence of infecting organisms, may ultimately reflect the general health status of these sites. The current study provides baseline multi-organ histopathological data for two common crustacean species, the shore crab (Carcinus maenas) and the brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) collected from six UK estuarine sites. Changes in the metabolic condition of crustaceans from these sites (measured in terms of connective tissue storage cell status) were interpreted in relation to other health measures (including parasite load and the presence of microbial pathogens). The relative ease at which a holistic assessment of health can be made using histopathology and the suitability of these species as environmental sentinels provide support for the inclusion of crustaceans as indicators of aquatic environmental health. Studies linking disease status to burdens of industrial contamination in these environments are now required.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Stentiford
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
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