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Ademowo OS, Oyebode O, Edward R, Conway ME, Griffiths HR, Dias IHK. Effects of carotenoids on mitochondrial dysfunction. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:65-74. [PMID: 38385583 PMCID: PMC10903474 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, an imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant status, favouring the pro-oxidant state is a result of increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inadequate antioxidant protection. ROS are produced through several mechanisms in cells including during mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Increased mitochondrial-derived ROS are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, an early event in age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's diseases (ADs) and in metabolic disorders including diabetes. AD post-mortem investigations of affected brain regions have shown the accumulation of oxidative damage to macromolecules, and oxidative stress has been considered an important contributor to disease pathology. An increase in oxidative stress, which leads to increased levels of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and other ROS in a potentially vicious cycle is both causative and a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction may be ameliorated by molecules with antioxidant capacities that accumulate in mitochondria such as carotenoids. However, the role of carotenoids in mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction is not fully understood. A better understanding of the role of antioxidants in mitochondrial function is a promising lead towards the development of novel and effective treatment strategies for age-related diseases. This review evaluates and summarises some of the latest developments and insights into the effects of carotenoids on mitochondrial dysfunction with a focus on the antioxidant properties of carotenoids. The mitochondria-protective role of carotenoids may be key in therapeutic strategies and targeting the mitochondria ROS is emerging in drug development for age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi Stella Ademowo
- Biomedical and Clinical Science Research, School of Sciences, University of Derby, Derby U.K
| | - Olubukola Oyebode
- Biomedical and Clinical Science Research, School of Sciences, University of Derby, Derby U.K
| | - Roshita Edward
- Biomedical and Clinical Science Research, School of Sciences, University of Derby, Derby U.K
| | - Myra E Conway
- Biomedical and Clinical Science Research, School of Sciences, University of Derby, Derby U.K
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, U.K
| | - Irundika H K Dias
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham U.K
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Awata WMC, Alves JV, Costa RM, Bruder-Nascimento A, Singh S, Barbosa GS, Tirapelli CR, Bruder-Nascimento T. Vascular injury associated with ethanol intake is driven by AT1 receptor and mitochondrial dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115845. [PMID: 37951022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renin-angiotensin (Ang II)-aldosterone system (RAAS) is crucial for the cardiovascular risk associated with excessive ethanol consumption. Disturbs in mitochondria have been implicated in multiple cardiovascular diseases. However, if mitochondria dysfunction contributes to ethanol-induced vascular dysfunction is still unknown. We investigated whether ethanol leads to vascular dysfunction via RAAS activation, mitochondria dysfunction, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). METHODS Male C57/BL6J or mt-keima mice (6-8-weeks old) were treated with ethanol (20% vol./vol.) for 12 weeks with or without Losartan (10 mg/kg/day). RESULTS Ethanol induced aortic hypercontractility in an endothelium-dependent manner. PGC1α (a marker of biogenesis), Mfn2, (an essential protein for mitochondria fusion), as well as Pink-1 and Parkin (markers of mitophagy), were reduced in aortas from ethanol-treated mice. Disturb in mitophagy flux was further confirmed in arteries from mt-keima mice. Additionally, ethanol increased mtROS and reduced SOD2 expression. Strikingly, losartan prevented vascular hypercontractility, mitochondrial dysfunction, mtROS, and restored SOD2 expression. Both MnTMPyP (SOD2 mimetic) and CCCP (a mitochondrial uncoupler) reverted ethanol-induced vascular dysfunction. Moreover, L-NAME (NOS inhibitor) and EUK 134 (superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic) did not affect vascular response in ethanol group, suggesting that ethanol reduces aortic nitric oxide (NO) and H2O2 bioavailability. These responses were prevented by losartan. CONCLUSION AT1 receptor modulates ethanol-induced vascular hypercontractility by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction, mtROS, and reduction of NO and H2O2 bioavailability. Our findings shed a new light in our understanding of ethanol-induced vascular toxicity and open perspectives of new therapeutic approaches for patients with disorder associated with abusive ethanol drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa M C Awata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Costa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariane Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shubhnita Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gabriela S Barbosa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UNIPEX, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Vascular Medicine, Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Shahidi S, Ramezani-Aliakbari K, Komaki A, Salehi I, Hashemi S, Asl SS, Habibi P, Ramezani-Aliakbari F. Effect of vitamin D on cardiac hypertrophy in D-galactose-induced aging model through cardiac mitophagy. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10147-10155. [PMID: 37921981 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac apoptosis plays a key role in increased morbidity associated with aging-induced-cardiac disorder. Mitochondria play an important role in cardiac apoptosis, and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), as a main mediator of mitochondrial fission, can trigger the mitophagy process to sustain the mitochondrial quality. The present study was done to determine the effect of vitamin D (VitD) treatment on cardiac hypertrophy through mitophagy regulation in aged animals induced by D-galactose (D-GAL). METHODS AND RESULTS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, D-GAL (aging group), D-GAL co-injected with VitD (D-GAL ± VitD), and D-GAL plus ethanol (D-GAL ± Ethanol). Aging was induced by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of D-GAL at 150 mg/kg daily for eight weeks and also VitD (400 IU/kg) or ethanol was injected (i.p.) into aging rats. Then, the levels of cardiac mitophagy and cardiac apoptosis were determined by measuring the expression of tensin homologue (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), Drp1, Bcl2-Associated X (Bax), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) genes. Aging in rats was associated with a reduction in mitophagy and also an increase in apoptosis of the heart through down-regulation of Drp1, PINK1, and Bcl2 genes and also up-regulation of Bax. However, VitD improved cardiac hypertrophy through cardiac mitophagy in D-GAL-induced aging rats. CONCLUSION VitD can inhibit cardiac hypertrophy by an increase in mitophagy and a decrease in apoptosis in the aging heart. The illustration of the suggested mechanism underlying of Vitamin D in cardiac hypertrophy induced by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Shahidi
- Department of Physiology, School of medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Parisa Habibi
- Department of Physiology, School of medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani-Aliakbari
- Department of Physiology, School of medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Bi Y, Zhao Z, Wang S, Lin S, Yang Z, Wang X, Mao J. Emerging role of mitophagy in heart failure: from molecular mechanism to targeted therapy. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:906-918. [PMID: 36658777 PMCID: PMC10054314 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2167949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is defined as a drop in heart's pump function, accounting for reduced blood output and venous stasis, and constitutes the end stage of various cardiovascular diseases. Although mild mitochondrial dysfunction may hinder cardiomyocyte metabolism and impair myocardial function, severe mitochondrial injury is accompanied by cardiomyocyte apoptosis, leading to irreversible damage of the heart. Selective autophagy of mitochondria, or mitophagy, serves to rapidly remove dysfunctional mitochondria and restore the health of the mitochondrial population within cells by allowing reutilization of degradative substrates such as amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides. Although mitophagy represents a protective program that prevents the accumulation of poorly structured or damaged mitochondria, excessive mitophagy leads to mitochondrial population decline, impaired oxidative phosphorylation, and decreased ATP production. In this review, we first discuss the molecular underpinnings of mitophagy and the roles of different mitophagy adaptors. Then, the multiple and complex influence of mitophagy on heart failure is summarized. Finally, novel pharmacological strategies targeting mitophagy to relieve heart failure are briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Rehabilitation Department, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingfei Bi
- Department of Cardiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianliang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyuan Mao
- Department of Cardiology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Guo W, Fang Y, Hu L, Wang R, Zhao R, Guo D, Qi B, Ren G, Ren J, Li Y, Zhang M. Ablation of Shank3 alleviates cardiac dysfunction in aging mice by promoting CaMKII activation and Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102537. [PMID: 36436456 PMCID: PMC9709154 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromised mitophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis are major contributors for the etiology of cardiac aging, although the precise underlying mechanisms remains elusive. Shank3, a heart-enriched protein, has recently been reported to regulate aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to examine the role of Shank3 in the pathogenesis of cardiac senescence and the possible mechanisms involved. Cardiac-specific conditional Shank3 knockout (Shank3CKO) mice were subjected to natural aging. Mitochondrial function and mitophagy activity were determined in vivo, in mouse hearts and in vitro, in cardiomyocytes. Here, we showed that cardiac Shank3 expression exhibited a gradual increase during the natural progression of the aging, accompanied by overtly decreased mitophagy activity and a decline in cardiac function. Ablation of Shank3 promoted mitophagy, reduced mitochondria-derived superoxide (H2O2 and O2•-) production and apoptosis, and protected against cardiac dysfunction in the aged heart. In an in vitro study, senescent cardiomyocytes treated with D-gal exhibited reduced mitophagy and significantly elevated Shank3 expression. Shank3 knock-down restored mitophagy, leading to increased mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and reduced apoptosis in senescent cardiomyocytes, whereas Shank3 overexpression mimicked D-gal-induced mitophagy inhibition and mitochondrial dysfunction in normally cultured cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, the IP assay revealed that Shank3 directly binds to CaMKII, and this interaction was further increased in the aged heart. Enhanced Shank3/CaMKII binding impedes mitochondrial translocation of CaMKII, resulting in the inhibition of parkin-mediated mitophagy, which ultimately leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac damage in the aged heart. Our study identified Shank3 as a novel contributor to aging-related cardiac damage. Manipulating Shank3/CaMKII-induced mitophagy inhibition could thus be an optional strategy for therapeutic intervention in clinical aging-related cardiac dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China
| | - Yuerong Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Wangang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China
| | - Yexian Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China
| | - Lang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China
| | - Runze Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China
| | - Bingchao Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China
| | - Gaotong Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China,Corresponding author.
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Yang M, Fu JD, Zou J, Sridharan D, Zhao MT, Singh H, Krigman J, Khan M, Xin G, Sun N. Assessment of mitophagy in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Autophagy 2022; 18:2481-2494. [PMID: 35220905 PMCID: PMC9542630 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2037920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective mitophagy contributes to normal aging and various neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. The newly developed methodologies to visualize and quantify mitophagy allow for additional progress in defining the pathophysiological significance of mitophagy in various model organisms. However, current knowledge regarding mitophagy relevant to human physiology is still limited. Model organisms such as mice might not be optimal models to recapitulate all the key aspects of human disease phenotypes. The development of the human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) may provide an exquisite approach to bridge the gap between animal mitophagy models and human physiology. To explore this premise, we take advantage of the pH-dependent fluorescent mitophagy reporter, mt-Keima, to assess mitophagy in hiPSCs and hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). We demonstrate that mt-Keima expression does not affect mitochondrial function or cardiomyocytes contractility. Comparison of hiPSCs and hiPSC-CMs during different stages of differentiation revealed significant variations in basal mitophagy. In addition, we have employed the mt-Keima hiPSC-CMs to analyze how mitophagy is altered under certain pathological conditions including treating the hiPSC-CMs with doxorubicin, a chemotherapeutic drug well known to cause life-threatening cardiotoxicity, and hypoxia that stimulates ischemia injury. We have further developed a chemical screening to identify compounds that modulate mitophagy in hiPSC-CMs. The ability to assess mitophagy in hiPSC-CMs suggests that the mt-Keima hiPSCs should be a valuable resource in determining the role mitophagy plays in human physiology and hiPSC-based disease models. The mt-Keima hiPSCs could prove a tremendous asset in the search for pharmacological interventions that promote mitophagy as a therapeutic target.Abbreviations: AAVS1: adeno-associated virus integration site 1; AKT/protein kinase B: AKT serine/threonine kinase; CAG promoter: cytomegalovirus early enhancer, chicken ACTB/β-actin promoter; CIS: cisplatin; CRISPR: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; FACS: fluorescence-activated cell sorting; FCCP: carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; hiPSC: human induced pluripotent stem cell; hiPSC-CMs: human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes; ISO: isoproterenol; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; PRKN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; RT: room temperature; SB: SBI-0206965; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchong Yang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ji-Dong Fu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPSC Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Divya Sridharan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ming-Tao Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Judith Krigman
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mahmood Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gang Xin
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nuo Sun
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA,CONTACT Nuo Sun Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Gang Xin Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus43210, OH, USA
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Induction and Detection of Mitophagy. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2445:227-239. [PMID: 34972995 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2071-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy, a process of selective elimination of mitochondria by autophagy, is a mechanism of mitochondrial quality control that maintains mitochondrial network functionality. The elimination of damaged mitochondria through autophagy requires two steps: induction of general autophagy and priming of damaged mitochondria for selective autophagic recognition. Mitophagy impairment is linked to various pathologies; thus, removal of malfunctioning or even harmful mitochondria is vital to cellular physiology. Here, we describe methods that can be applied to the investigation of mitophagy.
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Microwave radiation induces neuronal autophagy through miR-30a-5p/AMPKα2 signal pathway. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231072. [PMID: 35322852 PMCID: PMC9069443 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential health hazards of microwaves have attracted much more attention. Our previous study found that 2856 MHz microwave radiation damaged synaptic plasticity and activated autophagy in neurons. However, the mechanisms underlying microwave-induced autophagy were still unclear. In the present study, we established neuronal damage models by exposing rat hippocampal neurons and rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell-derived neuron-like cells to 30 mW/cm2 microwaves, which resulted in miR-30a-5p (‘miR-30a’ for short) down-regulation and autophagy activation in vivo and in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted, and Beclin1, Prkaa2, Irs1, Pik3r2, Rras2, Ddit4, Gabarapl2 and autophagy-related gene 12 (Atg12) were identified as potential downstream genes of miR-30a involved in regulating autophagy. Based on our previous findings that microwave radiation could lead to abnormal energy metabolism in neurons, Prkaa2, encoding adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α2 (AMPKα2, an important catalytic subunit of energy sensor AMPK), was selected for further analysis. Dual-luciferase reporter assay results showed that Prkaa2 was a downstream gene of miR-30a. Moreover, microwave radiation increased the expression of AMPKα2 and the phosphorylation of AMPKα (Thr172) both in vivo and in vitro. The transfection of PC12 cells with miR-30a mimics increased miR-30a levels, reduced AMPKα2 expression, suppressed AMPKα (Thr172) phosphorylation, and inhibited autophagy occurrence in neuron-like cells. Importantly, miR-30a overexpression abolished microwave-activated autophagy and inhibited microwave-induced AMPKα2 up-regulation and AMPKα (Thr172) phosphorylation. In conclusion, microwave radiation promoted the occurrence of autophagy in neurons through the miR-30a/AMPKα2 signal pathway.
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Araújo de Lima L, Oliveira Cunha PL, Felicio Calou IB, Tavares Neves KR, Facundo HT, Socorro de Barros Viana G. Effects of vitamin D (VD3) supplementation on the brain mitochondrial function of male rats, in the 6-OHDA-induced model of Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2022; 154:105280. [PMID: 35026378 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria dysfunction is an important factor involved in PD pathogenesis. We reported neuroprotective actions of vitamin D (VD3) on a PD model, and now we investigated the VD3 effects on the brain mitochondrial function. We focused on oxygen consumption, respiratory control ratio (RCR), ADP/O ratio, mitochondria swelling, H2O2 production, and SOD activity. Additionally, immunohistochemistry assays for the dopamine system markers (TH and DAT) and mitochondrial markers (VDAC1 and Hsp60) were also carried out in the striata. Young adult male Wistar rats (250 g, 2.5 months age) were anesthetized and subjected to stereotaxic surgery and injection of saline (SO group) or 6-OHDA, into the right striatum. Brain mitochondria were isolated from the groups: sham-operated (SO), 6-OHDA, 6-OHDA pretreated with VD3 for 7, days before the 6-OHDA lesion (6-OHDA+VD3, pre-) or treated with VD3 for 14 days, after the 6-OHDA lesion (6-OHDA+VD3, post-). VD3 prevented decreases in oxygen consumption, RCR, and ADP/O ratio observed after 6-OHDA injury. Noteworthy, a very low (oxygen consumption and RCR) or no improvement (ADP/O) were observed in the 6-OHDA+VD3 post- group. VD3 also prevented the increased mitochondria swelling and H2O2 production and a decrease in SOD activity, respectively, in the 6-OHDA injured mitochondria. Also, VD3 supplementation protected the hemiparkinsonian brain from decreases in TH and DAT expressions and decreased the upregulation of mitochondrial markers, as VDAC 1 and Hsp60. In conclusion, VD3 showed neuroprotective actions on brain mitochondria injured by 6-OHDA and should stimulate translational studies focusing on its use as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases as PD.
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10
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Turkieh A, El Masri Y, Pinet F, Dubois-Deruy E. Mitophagy Regulation Following Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020199. [PMID: 35053316 PMCID: PMC8774240 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy, which mediates the selective elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria, is essential for cardiac homeostasis. Mitophagy is regulated mainly by PTEN-induced putative kinase protein-1 (PINK1)/parkin pathway but also by FUN14 domain-containing 1 (FUNDC1) or Bcl2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and BNIP3-like (BNIP3L/NIX) pathways. Several studies have shown that dysregulated mitophagy is involved in cardiac dysfunction induced by aging, aortic stenosis, myocardial infarction or diabetes. The cardioprotective role of mitophagy is well described, whereas excessive mitophagy could contribute to cell death and cardiac dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms involved in the regulation of cardiac mitophagy and its role in physiological condition. We focused on cardiac mitophagy during and following myocardial infarction by highlighting the role and the regulation of PI NK1/parkin-; FUNDC1-; BNIP3- and BNIP3L/NIX-induced mitophagy during ischemia and reperfusion.
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11
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Wu Z, Liang J, Huang W, Jiang L, Paul C, Lin B, Zheng J, Wang Y. Prompt Graft Cooling Enhances Cardioprotection during Heart Transplantation Procedures through the Regulation of Mitophagy. Cells 2021; 10:2912. [PMID: 34831135 PMCID: PMC8616468 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A complete and prompt cardiac arrest using a cold cardioplegic solution is routinely used in heart transplantation to protect the graft function. However, warm ischemic time is still inevitable during the procedure to isolate donor hearts in the clinical setting. Our knowledge of the mechanism changes prevented by cold storage, and how warm ischemia damages donor hearts, is extremely poor. The potential consequences of this inevitable warm ischemic time to grafts, and the underlying potential protective mechanism of prompt graft cooling, have been studied in order to explore an advanced graft protection strategy. To this end, a surgical procedure, including 10-15 min warm ischemic time during procurement, was performed in mouse models to mimic the clinical situation (Group I), and compared to a group of mice that had the procurement performed with prompt cooling procedures (Group II). The myocardial morphologic changes (including ultrastructure) were then assessed by electron and optical microscopy after 6 h of cold preservation. Furthermore, syngeneic heart transplantation was performed after 6 h of cold preservation to measure the graft heart function. An electron microscopy showed extensive damage, including hypercontracted myofibers with contraction bands, and damaged mitochondria that released mitochondrial contents in Group I mice, while similar patterns of damage were not observed in the mice from Group II. The results from both the electron microscopy and immunoblotting verified that cardiac mitophagy (protective mitochondrial autophagy) was present in the mice from Group II, but was absent in the mice from Group I. Moreover, the mice from Group II demonstrated faster rebeating times and higher beating scores, as compared to the mice from Group I. The pressure catheter system results indicated that the graft heart function was significantly more improved in the mice from Group II than in those from Group I, as demonstrated by the left ventricle systolic pressure (31.96 ± 6.54 vs. 26.12 ± 8.87 mmHg), the +dp/dt (815.6 ± 215.4 vs. 693.9 ± 153.8 mmHg/s), and the -dp/dt: (492.4 ± 92.98 vs. 418.5 ± 118.9 mmHg/s). In conclusion, the warm ischemic time during the procedure impaired the graft function and destroyed the activation of mitophagy. Thus, appropriate mitophagy activation has emerged as a promising therapeutic target that may be essential for graft protection and functional improvement during heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.L.); (W.H.); (L.J.); (C.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.L.); (W.H.); (L.J.); (C.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.L.); (W.H.); (L.J.); (C.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.L.); (W.H.); (L.J.); (C.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Christian Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.L.); (W.H.); (L.J.); (C.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Bonnie Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.L.); (W.H.); (L.J.); (C.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Junmeng Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China;
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.L.); (W.H.); (L.J.); (C.P.); (B.L.)
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12
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Wei X, Wu YE, Wang W, Zhang S, Liu D, Liu H. Decreased dynamin-related protein 1-related mitophagy induces myocardial apoptosis in the aging heart. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1354-1366. [PMID: 34532739 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in cardiomyocyte apoptosis is the main contributor to the observed high morbidity of cardiac disease during aging. Mitochondria play important roles in cardiac apoptosis, and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is the critical factor that participates in mitochondrial fission and induces mitophagy to maintain mitochondria quality. However, whether Drp1 is involved in the increase of apoptosis in aging heart remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Drp1 participates in inducing the apoptosis through regulating mitophagy in aging myocardium. To explore the effect of mitophagy and apoptosis in aging heart, we detected the expression of COX IV and the co-localization of COX IV and LC3 II, which reflect mitophagy, and measured adenosine triphosphate and reactive oxygen species contents, which reflect mitochondrial injury. Cell apoptosis was detected by measuring the activity of caspase-3 and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and further confirmed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The results showed an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in mitophagy in aging cardiomyocytes, and apoptosis was ameliorated after the induction of mitophagy by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (a mitophagy activator) in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced senescence H9c2 cells. To clarify the role of Drp1 in apoptosis, we knocked down Drp1 by transfecting si-Drp1, or overexpressed Drp1 in senescent cells, and then detected mitophagy, mitochondrial injury, and apoptosis. The data showed that downregulated Drp1 induces mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. In addition, to explore the regulatory relationship between Drp1 and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, we detected the expressions of PINK1 and Parkin after the overexpression of Drp1 in the D-gal group cells and found that Drp1-mediated mitophagy inhibited the PINK1/Parkin pathway in senescent cells. Our results demonstrated that insufficient Drp1 induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting mitophagy, and Drp1 affects the PINK1/Parkin pathway of mitophagy in the aging heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Y E Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Suli Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Yan Jing Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101300, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
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13
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Doblado L, Lueck C, Rey C, Samhan-Arias AK, Prieto I, Stacchiotti A, Monsalve M. Mitophagy in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083903. [PMID: 33918863 PMCID: PMC8069949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a selective autophagic process, essential for cellular homeostasis, that eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria. Activated by inner membrane depolarization, it plays an important role during development and is fundamental in highly differentiated post-mitotic cells that are highly dependent on aerobic metabolism, such as neurons, muscle cells, and hepatocytes. Both defective and excessive mitophagy have been proposed to contribute to age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, metabolic diseases, vascular complications of diabetes, myocardial injury, muscle dystrophy, and liver disease, among others. Pharmacological or dietary interventions that restore mitophagy homeostasis and facilitate the elimination of irreversibly damaged mitochondria, thus, could serve as potential therapies in several chronic diseases. However, despite extraordinary advances in this field, mainly derived from in vitro and preclinical animal models, human applications based on the regulation of mitochondrial quality in patients have not yet been approved. In this review, we summarize the key selective mitochondrial autophagy pathways and their role in prevalent chronic human diseases and highlight the potential use of specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Doblado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Claudia Lueck
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Claudia Rey
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Alejandro K. Samhan-Arias
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Prieto
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Isaac Peral 42, 28015 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alessandra Stacchiotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universita’ Degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
- U.O. Laboratorio di Morfologia Umana Applicata, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.M.)
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14
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Gao QY, Zhang HF, Tao J, Chen ZT, Liu CY, Liu WH, Wu MX, Yin WY, Gao GH, Xie Y, Yang Y, Liu PM, Wang JF, Chen YX. Mitochondrial Fission and Mitophagy Reciprocally Orchestrate Cardiac Fibroblasts Activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:629397. [PMID: 33585469 PMCID: PMC7874126 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.629397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mitochondrial fission has been reported to increase proliferative capacity and collagen production, it can also contribute to mitochondrial impairment, which is detrimental to cell survival. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of mitochondrial fission in cardiac fibroblasts (CF) activation and explore the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial health under this condition. For this, changes in the levels of mitochondrial fission/fusion-related proteins were assessed in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-activated CF, whereas the role of mitochondrial fission during this process was also elucidated, as were the underlying mechanisms. The interaction between mitochondrial fission and mitophagy, the main defense mechanism against mitochondrial impairment, was also explored. The results showed that the mitochondria in TGF-β1-treated CF were noticeably more fragmented than those of controls. The expression of several mitochondrial fission-related proteins was markedly upregulated, and the levels of fusion-related proteins were also altered, but to a lesser extent. Inhibiting mitochondrial fission resulted in a marked attenuation of TGF-β1-induced CF activation. The TGF-β1-induced increase in glycolysis was greatly suppressed in the presence of a mitochondrial inhibitor, whereas a glycolysis-specific antagonist exerted little additional antifibrotic effects. TGF-β1 treatment increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggered mitophagy, but this effect was reversed following the application of ROS scavengers. For the signals mediating mitophagy, the expression of Pink1, but not Bnip3l/Nix or Fundc1, exhibited the most significant changes, which could be counteracted by treatment with a mitochondrial fission inhibitor. Pink1 knockdown suppressed CF activation and mitochondrial fission, which was accompanied by increased CF apoptosis. In conclusion, mitochondrial fission resulted in increased glycolysis and played a crucial role in CF activation. Moreover, mitochondrial fission promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to mitophagy and the consequent degradation of the impaired mitochondria, thus promoting CF survival and maintaining their activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yuan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Teng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi-Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mao-Xiong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Yao Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hao Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pin-Ming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang-Xin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Tran M, Reddy PH. Defective Autophagy and Mitophagy in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:612757. [PMID: 33488352 PMCID: PMC7820371 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.612757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the time-dependent process that all living organisms go through characterized by declining physiological function due to alterations in metabolic and molecular pathways. Many decades of research have been devoted to uncovering the cellular changes and progression of aging and have revealed that not all organisms with the same chronological age exhibit the same age-related declines in physiological function. In assessing biological age, factors such as epigenetic changes, telomere length, oxidative damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction in rescue mechanisms such as autophagy all play major roles. Recent studies have focused on autophagy dysfunction in aging, particularly on mitophagy due to its major role in energy generation and reactive oxidative species generation of mitochondria. Mitophagy has been implicated in playing a role in the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's, Huntington's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The purpose of our article is to highlight the mechanisms of autophagy and mitophagy and how defects in these pathways contribute to the physiological markers of aging and AD. This article also discusses how mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal mitochondrial dynamics, impaired biogenesis, and defective mitophagy are related to aging and AD progression. This article highlights recent studies of amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau in relation to autophagy and mitophagy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
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16
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Liu Y, Echeverria V, Xu Y. Editorial: Medicinal Plants for Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Aging-Related Diseases: From Bench to Bedside. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:585155. [PMID: 33071796 PMCID: PMC7538617 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.585155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Cardiovascular Disease Centre, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Cardiovascular Disease Centre, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.,Research and Development Department, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, United States
| | - Youhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau
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17
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Dietary Mitophagy Enhancer: A Strategy for Healthy Brain Aging? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100932. [PMID: 33003315 PMCID: PMC7600282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, nutritional interventions have received attention as promising approaches to promote human health during a lifespan. The Mediterranean and Okinawan diets have been associated with longevity and decreasing risk for age-related diseases in contrast to the Western diet. The effect might be due to several antioxidative bioactive compounds highly consumed in both diets, namely, resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, curcumin, and spermidine. This review aims to address the underlying mechanisms of these compounds to enhance mental fitness throughout life with a focus on brain mitophagy. Mitophagy is the autophagic clearance of dysfunctional, redundant, and aged mitochondria. In aging and neurodegenerative disorders, mitophagy is crucial to preserve the autophagy mechanism of the whole cell, especially during oxidative stress. Growing evidence indicates that curcumin, astaxanthin, resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and spermidine might exert protective functions via antioxidative properties and as well the enhanced induction of mitophagy mediators. The compounds seem to upregulate mitophagy and thereby alleviate the clearance of dysfunctional and aged mitochondria as well as mitogenesis. Thus, the Mediterranean or Okinawan diet could represent a feasible nutritional approach to reduce the risk of developing age-related cognitive impairment and corresponding disorders via the stimulation of mitophagy and thereby ensure a balanced redox state of brain cells.
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