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Yang K, He H, Dong W. Gut Microbiota and Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury. Am J Perinatol 2024. [PMID: 38301724 DOI: 10.1055/a-2259-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the relationship between gut microbiota and neonatal acute kidney injury biomarkers based on the gut-kidney axis. STUDY DESIGN The Pubmed database was primarily searched to include relevant literature on gut microbiota and neonatal acute kidney injury biomarkers, which was subsequently organized and analyzed and a manuscript was written. RESULTS Gut microbiota was associated with neonatal acute kidney injury biomarkers. These biomarkers included TIMP-2, IGFBP-7, VEGF, calbindin, GST, B2MG, ghrelin, and clusterin. CONCLUSION The gut microbiota is strongly associated with neonatal acute kidney injury biomarkers, and controlling the gut microbiota may be a potential target for ameliorating neonatal acute kidney injury. KEY POINTS · There is a bidirectional association between gut microbiota and AKI.. · Gut microbiota is closely associated with biomarkers of nAKI.. · Manipulation of gut microbiota may improve nAKI..
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongxia He
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Dong
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, China
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Virk MS, Virk MA, He Y, Tufail T, Gul M, Qayum A, Rehman A, Rashid A, Ekumah JN, Han X, Wang J, Ren X. The Anti-Inflammatory and Curative Exponent of Probiotics: A Comprehensive and Authentic Ingredient for the Sustained Functioning of Major Human Organs. Nutrients 2024; 16:546. [PMID: 38398870 PMCID: PMC10893534 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Several billion microorganisms reside in the gastrointestinal lumen, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Among them, probiotics were primarily used to cure digestive disorders such as intestinal infections and diarrhea; however, with a paradigm shift towards alleviating health through food, their importance is large. Moreover, recent studies have changed the perspective that probiotics prevent numerous ailments in the major organs. Probiotics primarily produce biologically active compounds targeting discommodious pathogens. This review demonstrates the implications of using probiotics from different genres to prevent and alleviate ailments in the primary human organs. The findings reveal that probiotics immediately activate anti-inflammatory mechanisms by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-11, and IL-13, and hindering pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α by involving regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper cells (Th cells). Several strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium breve have been listed among the probiotics that are excellent in alleviating various simple to complex ailments. Therefore, the importance of probiotics necessitates robust research to unveil the implications of probiotics, including the potency of strains, the optimal dosages, the combination of probiotics, their habitat in the host, the host response, and other pertinent factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Safiullah Virk
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | | | - Yufeng He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mehak Gul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayum
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Abdur Rehman
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Arif Rashid
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - John-Nelson Ekumah
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Xu Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Junxia Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Xiaofeng Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Diniz F, Ngo NYN, Colon-Leyva M, Edgington-Giordano F, Hilliard S, Zwezdaryk K, Liu J, El-Dahr SS, Tortelote GG. Acetyl-CoA is a key molecule for nephron progenitor cell pool maintenance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7733. [PMID: 38007516 PMCID: PMC10676360 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephron endowment at birth impacts long-term renal and cardiovascular health, and it is contingent on the nephron progenitor cell (NPC) pool. Glycolysis modulation is essential for determining NPC fate, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Combining RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomics we identify 267 genes commonly targeted by Wnt activation or glycolysis inhibition in NPCs. Several of the impacted pathways converge at Acetyl-CoA, a co-product of glucose metabolism. Notably, glycolysis inhibition downregulates key genes of the Mevalonate/cholesterol pathway and stimulates NPC differentiation. Sodium acetate supplementation rescues glycolysis inhibition effects and favors NPC maintenance without hindering nephrogenesis. Six2Cre-mediated removal of ATP-citrate lyase (Acly), an enzyme that converts citrate to acetyl-CoA, leads to NPC pool depletion, glomeruli count reduction, and increases Wnt4 expression at birth. Sodium acetate supplementation counters the effects of Acly deletion on cap-mesenchyme. Our findings show a pivotal role of acetyl-CoA metabolism in kidney development and uncover new avenues for manipulating nephrogenesis and preventing adult kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Diniz
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Nguyen Yen Nhi Ngo
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Mariel Colon-Leyva
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Francesca Edgington-Giordano
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Sylvia Hilliard
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Kevin Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Samir S El-Dahr
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Giovane G Tortelote
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Yang K, Du G, Liu J, Zhao S, Dong W. Gut microbiota and neonatal acute kidney injury biomarkers. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:3529-3547. [PMID: 36997773 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-05931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the most frequent issues in newborns is acute kidney injury (AKI), which can lengthen their hospital stay or potentially raise their chance of dying. The gut-kidney axis establishes a bidirectional interplay between gut microbiota and kidney illness, particularly AKI, and demonstrates the importance of gut microbiota to host health. Since the ability to predict neonatal AKI using blood creatinine and urine output as evaluation parameters is somewhat constrained, a number of interesting biomarkers have been developed. There are few in-depth studies on the relationships between these neonatal AKI indicators and gut microbiota. In order to gain fresh insights into the gut-kidney axis of neonatal AKI, this review is based on the gut-kidney axis and describes relationships between gut microbiota and neonatal AKI biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Guoxia Du
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jinjing Liu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Wenbin Dong
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Tieu V, Tibi S, Ling J. Regulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection by diet-modulated gut microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1167827. [PMID: 37457959 PMCID: PMC10339388 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1167827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has claimed millions of lives since late 2019, yet there are still many unexplored areas in its pathogenesis and clinical outcomes. COVID-19 is a disease that can affects multiple systems, some of which are overlapped with those modulated by gut microbiota, especially the immune system, thus leading to our concentration on analyzing the roles of microbiota in COVID-19 pathogenesis through the gut-lung axis. Dysbiosis of the commensal intestinal microbes and their metabolites (e.g., SCFAs) as well as the expression and activity of ACE2 in the gut could influence the host's immune system in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, it has been known that the elderly and individuals diagnosed with comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, etc.) are more susceptible to gut flora alterations, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and death. Thus, in this review we will focus on analyzing how the gut microbiota regulates the immune system that leads to different responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Since diet is a major factor to modulate the status of gut microbiota, dietary influence on COVID-19 pathogenesis will be also discussed, aiming to shed light on how diet-modulated gut microbiota regulates the susceptibility, severity, and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Yan X, Li J, Wu D. The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Acute Pancreatitis. Molecules 2023; 28:4985. [PMID: 37446647 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a digestive emergency and can develop into a systematic illness. The role of the gut in the progression and deterioration of AP has drawn much attention from researchers, and areas of interest include dysbiosis of the intestinal flora, weakened intestinal barrier function, and bacterial and endotoxin translocation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as one of the metabolites of gut microbiota, have been proven to be depleted in AP patients. SCFAs help restore gut homeostasis by rebuilding gut flora, stabilizing the intestinal epithelial barrier, and regulating inflammation. SCFAs can also suppress systematic inflammatory responses, improve the injured pancreas, and prevent and protect other organ dysfunctions. Based on multiple beneficial effects, increasing SCFAs is an essential idea of gut protective treatment in AP. Specific strategies include the direct use of butyrate or indirect supplementation through fiber, pre/pro/synbiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation as a promising adjective therapy to enteral nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxiao Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Eight-Year Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Stein RA, Riber L. Epigenetic effects of short-chain fatty acids from the large intestine on host cells. MICROLIFE 2023; 4:uqad032. [PMID: 37441522 PMCID: PMC10335734 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Adult humans harbor at least as many microbial cells as eukaryotic ones. The largest compartment of this diverse microbial population, the gut microbiota, encompasses the collection of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and eukaryotic organisms that populate the gastrointestinal tract, and represents a complex and dynamic ecosystem that has been increasingly implicated in health and disease. The gut microbiota carries ∼100-to-150-times more genes than the human genome and is intimately involved in development, homeostasis, and disease. Of the several microbial metabolites that have been studied, short-chain fatty acids emerge as a group of molecules that shape gene expression in several types of eukaryotic cells by multiple mechanisms, which include DNA methylation changes, histone post-translational modifications, and microRNA-mediated gene silencing. Butyric acid, one of the most extensively studied short-chain fatty acids, reaches higher concentrations in the colonic lumen, where it provides a source of energy for healthy colonocytes, and its concentrations decrease towards the bottom of the colonic crypts, where stem cells reside. The lower butyric acid concentration in the colonic crypts allows undifferentiated cells, such as stem cells, to progress through the cell cycle, pointing towards the importance of the crypts in providing them with a protective niche. In cancerous colonocytes, which metabolize relatively little butyric acid and mostly rely on glycolysis, butyric acid preferentially acts as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, leading to decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. A better understanding of the interface between the gut microbiota metabolites and epigenetic changes in eukaryotic cells promises to unravel in more detail processes that occur physiologically and as part of disease, help develop novel biomarkers, and identify new therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Stein
- Corresponding author. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA. Tel: +1-917-684-9438; E-mail: ;
| | - Leise Riber
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Ai S, Li Y, Tao J, Zheng H, Tian L, Wang Y, Wang Z, Liu WJ. Bibliometric visualization analysis of gut-kidney axis from 2003 to 2022. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1176894. [PMID: 37362429 PMCID: PMC10287975 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1176894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The gut-kidney axis refers to the interaction between the gastrointestinal tract and the kidneys, and its disorders have become increasingly important in the development of kidney diseases. The aim of this study is to identify current research hotspots in the field of the gut-kidney axis from 2003 to 2022 and provide guidance for future research in this field. Methods: We collected relevant literature on the gut-kidney axis from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database and conducted bibliometric and visualization analyses using biblioshiny in R-Studio and VOSviewer (version 1.6.16). Results: A total of 3,900 documents were retrieved from the WoSCC database. The publications have shown rapid expansion since 2011, with the greatest research hotspot emerging due to the concept of the "intestinal-renal syndrome," first proposed by Meijers. The most relevant journals were in the field of diet and metabolism, such as Nutrients. The United States and China were the most influential countries, and the most active institute was the University of California San Diego. Author analysis revealed that Denise Mafra, Nosratola D. Vaziri, Fouque, and Denis made great contributions in different aspects of the field. Clustering analysis of the keywords found that important research priorities were "immunity," "inflammation," "metabolism," and "urinary toxin," reflecting the basis of research in the field. Current research frontiers in the field include "hyperuricemia," "gut microbiota," "diabetes," "trimethylamine n-oxide," "iga nephropathy," "acute kidney injury," "chronic kidney disease," "inflammation," all of which necessitate further investigation. Conclusion: This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis and offers an up-to-date outlook on the research related to the gut-kidney axis, with a specific emphasis on the present state of intercommunication between gut microbiota and kidney diseases in this field. This perspective may assist researchers in selecting appropriate journals and partners, and help to gain a deeper understanding of the field's hotspots and frontiers, thereby promoting future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Ai
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yake Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - JiaYin Tao
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxian Wang
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Li YJ, Ma J, Loh YW, Chadban SJ, Wu H. Short-chain fatty acids directly exert anti-inflammatory responses in podocytes and tubular epithelial cells exposed to high glucose. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1182570. [PMID: 37215085 PMCID: PMC10192692 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1182570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Gut-microbiome derived short-chain fatty acids exert anti-inflammatory effects and delay progression of kidney disease in diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to examine the impact in vivo and in vitro of short-chain fatty acid treatment on cellular pathways involved in the development of experimental diabetic nephropathy. Methods: To determine the effect of short-chain fatty acids in diabetic nephropathy, we compared wildtype, GPR43-/- and GPR109A-/- mice diabetic mice treated with acetate or butyrate and assessed variables of kidney damage. We also examined the impact of short-chain fatty acid treatment on gene expression in renal tubular cells and podocytes under high glucose conditions. Results: Short-chain fatty acid treatment with acetate or butyrate protected wild-type mice against development of diabetic nephropathy, exhibiting less glomerular hypertrophy, hypercellularity and interstitial fibrosis compared to diabetic controls. Acetate and butyrate treatment did not provide the same degree of protection in diabetic GPR43-/- and GPR109A-/- diabetic mice respectively. Consistent with our in vivo results, expression of pro-inflammatory genes in tubular epithelial cells exposed to high glucose were attenuated by acetate and butyrate treatment. Acetate did not reduce inflammatory or fibrotic responses in glucose stimulated GPR43-/- TECs. Butyrate mediated inhibition of pro-fibrotic gene expression in TECs through GPR109A, and in podocytes via GPR43. Conclusion: SCFAs protect against progression of diabetic nephropathy and diminish podocyte and tubular epithelial injury and interstitial fibrosis via direct, GPR-pathway dependent effects on intrinsic kidney cells. GPR43 and GPR109A are critical to short-chain fatty acid mediated reno-protection and have potential to be harnessed as a therapeutic target in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jun Li
- Kidney Node Laboratory, The Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jin Ma
- Kidney Node Laboratory, The Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
| | - Yik Wen Loh
- Kidney Node Laboratory, The Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven J. Chadban
- Kidney Node Laboratory, The Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Huiling Wu
- Kidney Node Laboratory, The Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Hobson S, Arefin S, Witasp A, Hernandez L, Kublickiene K, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P. Accelerated Vascular Aging in Chronic Kidney Disease: The Potential for Novel Therapies. Circ Res 2023; 132:950-969. [PMID: 37053277 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of vascular disease is linked to accelerated biological aging and a combination of genetic, lifestyle, biological, and environmental risk factors. Within the scenario of uncontrolled artery wall aging processes, CKD (chronic kidney disease) stands out as a valid model for detailed structural, functional, and molecular studies of this process. The cardiorenal syndrome relates to the detrimental bidirectional interplay between the kidney and the cardiovascular system. In addition to established risk factors, this group of patients is subjected to a plethora of other emerging vascular risk factors, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, vitamin K deficiency, cellular senescence, somatic mutations, epigenetic modifications, and increased apoptosis. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which the uremic milieu triggers and maintains early vascular aging processes, has provided important new clues on inflammatory pathways and emerging risk factors alike, and to the altered behavior of cells in the arterial wall. Advances in the understanding of the biology of uremic early vascular aging opens avenues to novel pharmacological and nutritional therapeutic interventions. Such strategies hold promise to improve future prevention and treatment of early vascular aging not only in CKD but also in the elderly general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hobson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
| | - S Arefin
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
| | - A Witasp
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
| | - L Hernandez
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
| | - K Kublickiene
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
| | - P G Shiels
- School of Molecular Biosciences, MVLS, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.G.S.)
| | - P Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
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Jian S, Yang K, Zhang L, Zhang L, Xin Z, Wen C, He S, Deng J, Deng B. The modulation effects of plant‐derived bioactive ingredients on chronic kidney disease: Focus on the gut–kidney axis. FOOD FRONTIERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Jian
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Kang Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Lingna Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Limeng Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhongquan Xin
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Chaoyu Wen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Shansong He
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Baichuan Deng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
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Favero C, Ortiz A, Sanchez-Niño MD. Probiotics for kidney disease. Clin Kidney J 2022; 15:1981-1986. [PMID: 36325000 PMCID: PMC9613434 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet has long been known to influence the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may even result in acute kidney injury (AKI). Diet may influence kidney disease through a direct impact of specific nutrients on the human body through modulation of the gut microbiota composition or through metabolites generated by the gut microbiota from ingested nutrients. The potential for interaction between diet, microbiota and CKD has fueled research into interventions aimed at modifying the microbiota to treat CKD. These interventions may include diet, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplant and other interventions that modulate the microbiota and its metabolome. A recent report identified Lactobacillus casei Zhang from traditional Chinese koumiss as a probiotic that may protect mice from AKI and CKD and slow CKD progression in humans. Potential mechanisms of action include modulation of the gut microbiota and increased availability of short-chain fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties and of nicotinamide. However, the clinical relevance needs validation in large well-designed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Favero
- Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria D Sanchez-Niño
- Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Gut-Heart Axis: Their Role in the Pathology of Heart Failure. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111805. [PMID: 36579524 PMCID: PMC9695649 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome with global clinical and socioeconomic burden worldwide owing to its poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence has implicated the possible contribution of gut microbiota-derived metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), on the pathology of a variety of diseases. The changes of SCFA concentration were reported to be observed in various cardiovascular diseases including HF in experimental animals and humans. HF causes hypoperfusion and/or congestion in the gut, which may lead to lowered production of SCFAs, possibly through the pathological changes of the gut microenvironment including microbiota composition. Recent studies suggest that SCFAs may play a significant role in the pathology of HF, possibly through an agonistic effect on G-protein-coupled receptors, histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibition, restoration of mitochondrial function, amelioration of cardiac inflammatory response, its utilization as an energy source, and remote effect attributable to a protective effect on the other organs. Collectively, in the pathology of HF, SCFAs might play a significant role as a key mediator in the gut-heart axis. However, these possible mechanisms have not been entirely clarified and need further investigation.
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14
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Xu J, Moore BN, Pluznick JL. Short-Chain Fatty Acid Receptors and Blood Pressure Regulation: Council on Hypertension Mid-Career Award for Research Excellence 2021. Hypertension 2022; 79:2127-2137. [PMID: 35912645 PMCID: PMC9458621 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.18558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome influences host physiology and pathophysiology through several pathways, one of which is microbial production of chemical metabolites which interact with host signaling pathways. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are a class of gut microbial metabolites known to activate multiple signaling pathways in the host. Growing evidence indicates that the gut microbiome is linked to blood pressure, that SCFAs modulate blood pressure regulation, and that delivery of exogenous SCFAs lowers blood pressure. Given that hypertension is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the examination of novel contributors to blood pressure regulation has the potential to lead to novel approaches or treatments. Thus, this review will discuss SCFAs with a focus on their host G protein-coupled receptors including GPR41 (G protein-coupled receptor 41), GPR43, and GPR109A, as well as OLFR78 (olfactory receptor 78) and OLFR558. This includes a discussion of the ligand profiles, G protein coupling, and tissue distribution of each receptor. We will also review phenotypes relevant to blood pressure regulation which have been reported to date for Gpr41, Gpr43, Gpr109a, and Olfr78 knockout mice. In addition, we will consider how SCFA signaling influences physiology at baseline, and, how SCFA signaling may contribute to blood pressure regulation in settings of hypertension. In sum, this review will integrate current knowledge regarding how SCFAs and their receptors regulate blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Xu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Brittni N. Moore
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jennifer L. Pluznick
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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15
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Rekha K, Venkidasamy B, Samynathan R, Nagella P, Rebezov M, Khayrullin M, Ponomarev E, Bouyahya A, Sarkar T, Shariati MA, Thiruvengadam M, Simal-Gandara J. Short-chain fatty acid: An updated review on signaling, metabolism, and therapeutic effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2461-2489. [PMID: 36154353 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2124231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are good energy sources (9 kcal per gram) that aerobic tissues can use except for the brain (glucose is an alternative source). Apart from the energy source, fatty acids are necessary for cell signaling, learning-related memory, modulating gene expression, and functioning as cytokine precursors. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are saturated fatty acids arranged as a straight chain consisting minimum of 6 carbon atoms. SCFAs possess various beneficial effects like improving metabolic function, inhibiting insulin resistance, and ameliorating immune dysfunction. In this review, we discussed the biogenesis, absorption, and transport of SCFA. SCFAs can act as signaling molecules by stimulating G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and suppressing histone deacetylases (HDACs). The role of SCFA on glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and its effect on the immune system is also reviewed with updated details. SCFA possess anticancer, anti-diabetic, and hepatoprotective effects. Additionally, the association of protective effects of SCFA against brain-related diseases, kidney diseases, cardiovascular damage, and inflammatory bowel diseases were also reviewed. Nanotherapy is a branch of nanotechnology that employs nanoparticles at the nanoscale level to treat various ailments with enhanced drug stability, solubility, and minimal side effects. The SCFA functions as drug carriers, and nanoparticles were also discussed. Still, much research was not focused on this area. SCFA functions in host gene expression through inhibition of HDAC inhibition. However, the study has to be focused on the molecular mechanism of SCFA against various diseases that still need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaliaperumal Rekha
- Department of Environmental and Herbal Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Praveen Nagella
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Department of Scientific Research, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mars Khayrullin
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Ponomarev
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Government of West Bengal, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Scientific Research, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
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16
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Therapeutic Potential of Photobiomodulation for Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148043. [PMID: 35887386 PMCID: PMC9320354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global public health problem. The implementation of evidence-based clinical practices only defers the development of kidney failure. Death, transplantation, or dialysis are the consequences of kidney failure, resulting in a significant burden on the health system. Hence, innovative therapeutic strategies are urgently needed due to the limitations of current interventions. Photobiomodulation (PBM), a form of non-thermal light therapy, effectively mitigates mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis, all of which are inherent in CKD. Preliminary studies suggest the benefits of PBM in multiple diseases, including CKD. Hence, this review will provide a concise summary of the underlying action mechanisms of PBM and its potential therapeutic effects on CKD. Based on the findings, PBM may represent a novel, non-invasive and non-pharmacological therapy for CKD, although more studies are necessary before PBM can be widely recommended.
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17
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Zou YT, Zhou J, Zhu JH, Wu CY, Shen H, Zhang W, Zhou SS, Xu JD, Mao Q, Zhang YQ, Long F, Li SL. Gut Microbiota Mediates the Protective Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Qiong-Yu-Gao against Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0075922. [PMID: 35481834 PMCID: PMC9241845 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00759-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study found that Qiong-Yu-Gao (QYG), a traditional Chinese medicine formula derived from Rehmanniae Radix, Poria, and Ginseng Radix, has protective effects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, the potential role of gut microbiota in the nephroprotective effects of QYG was investigated. We found that QYG treatment significantly attenuated cisplatin-induced AKI and gut dysbiosis, altered the levels of bacterial metabolites, with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetic acid and butyric acid increasing and uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate reducing, and suppressed histone deacetylase expression and activity. Spearman's correlation analysis found that QYG-enriched fecal bacterial genera Akkermansia, Faecalibaculum, Bifidobacterium, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group were correlated with the altered metabolites, and these metabolites were also correlated with the biomarkers of AKI, as well as the indicators of fibrosis and inflammation. The essential role of gut microbiota was further verified by both the diminished protective effects with antibiotics-induced gut microbiota depletion and the transferable renal protection with fecal microbiota transplantation. All these results suggested that gut microbiota mediates the nephroprotective effects of QYG against cisplatin-induced AKI, potentially via increasing the production of SCFAs, thus suppressing histone deacetylase expression and activity, and reducing the accumulation of uremic toxins, thereby alleviating fibrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis in renal tissue. IMPORTANCE Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury is the main limiting factor restricting cisplatin's clinical application. Accumulating evidence indicated the important role of gut microbiota in pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. In the present study, we have demonstrated that gut microbiota mediates the protective effects of traditional Chinese medicine formula Qiong-Yu-Gao against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. The outputs of this study would provide scientific basis for future clinical applications of QYG as prebiotics to treat cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury, and gut microbiota may be a promising therapeutic target for chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ting Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Hao Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Ying Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Di Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Mao
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye-Qing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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18
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Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Chronic Kidney Disease: Focus on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105354. [PMID: 35628164 PMCID: PMC9140893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a debilitating disease associated with several secondary complications that increase comorbidity and mortality. In patients with CKD, there is a significant qualitative and quantitative alteration in the gut microbiota, which, consequently, also leads to reduced production of beneficial bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. Evidence supports the beneficial effects of short-chain fatty acids in modulating inflammation and oxidative stress, which are implicated in CKD pathogenesis and progression. Therefore, this review will provide an overview of the current knowledge, based on pre-clinical and clinical evidence, on the effect of SCFAs on CKD-associated inflammation and oxidative stress.
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19
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Lei J, Xie Y, Sheng J, Song J. Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in acute kidney injury: novel insights into mechanisms and promising therapeutic strategies. Ren Fail 2022; 44:571-580. [PMID: 35350960 PMCID: PMC8967199 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2056054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the clinical impact of intestinal microbiota–kidney interaction has been emerging. Experimental evidence highlighted a bidirectional evolutionary correlation between intestinal microbiota and kidney diseases. Nonetheless, acute kidney injury (AKI) is still a global public health concern associated with high morbidity, mortality, healthcare costs, and limited efficient therapy. Several studies on the intestinal microbiome have improved the knowledge and treatment of AKI. Therefore, the present review outlines the concept of the gut–kidney axis and data about intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in AKI to improve the understanding of the mechanisms of the intestinal microbiome on the modification of kidney function and response to kidney injury. We also introduced the future directions and research areas, emphasizing the intervention approaches and recent research advances of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis during AKI, thereby providing a new perspective for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lei
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Xie
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Sheng
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Song
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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20
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Wehedy E, Shatat IF, Al Khodor S. The Human Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Double-Edged Sword. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:790783. [PMID: 35111779 PMCID: PMC8801809 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.790783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing global health burden. Current treatments for CKD include therapeutics to target factors that contribute to CKD progression, including renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors, and drugs to control blood pressure and proteinuria control. Recently, associations between chronic disease processes and the human microbiota and its metabolites have been demonstrated. Dysbiosis—a change in the microbial diversity—has been observed in patients with CKD. The relationship between CKD and dysbiosis is bidirectional; gut-derived metabolites and toxins affect the progression of CKD, and the uremic milieu affects the microbiota. The accumulation of microbial metabolites and toxins is linked to the loss of kidney functions and increased mortality risk, yet renoprotective metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids help restore kidney functions and increase the survival rate in CKD patients. Specific dietary interventions to alter the gut microbiome could improve clinical outcomes in patients with CKD. Low-protein and high-fiber diets increase the abundance of bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids and anti-inflammatory bacteria. Fluctuations in the urinary microbiome are linked to increased susceptibility to infection and antibiotic resistance. In this review, we describe the potential role of the gut, urinary and blood microbiome in CKD pathophysiology and assess the feasibility of modulating the gut microbiota as a therapeutic tool for treating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Wehedy
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Souhaila Al Khodor
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Souhaila Al Khodor
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Growing evidence show the importance of gut/kidney axis in renal diseases. Advances in gut microbiome sequencing, associated metabolites, detection of gut permeability and inflammation provide new therapeutic strategies targeting gut for kidney diseases and particularly for Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN). RECENT FINDINGS The diversity and composition of gut flora have been recently deeply explored in kidney diseases. Modulation and depletion of microbiota in animal models allowed the understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between gut, immune system and kidney. New clinical trials in order to positively modulate microbiota result in improvement of gastrointestinal disorders and inflammation in patients suffering with kidney diseases. SUMMARY The investigation of gut alterations in kidney diseases open new therapeutic strategies. In IgAN, targeted treatments for intestinal inflammation and modifications of gut microbiota seem promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato C Monteiro
- INSERM UMR1149, Center of Research on Inflammation CRI, CNRS ERL8252
- Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris University
- Immunology Department, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, DHU Apollo, Paris
| | - Laureline Berthelot
- Center of Research in Transplantation and Immunology CRTI, UMR1064, INSERM, Nantes University, Nantes, France
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22
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Sun Y, Zhou C, Chen Y, He X, Gao F, Xue D. Quantitative increase in short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate protects kidney from ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Investig Med 2021; 70:29-35. [PMID: 34426459 PMCID: PMC8717486 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the end products of fermentation carried out by the intestinal microbiota, were demonstrated to produce anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Butyrate, part of the SCFAs, also shows the same effect. Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury commonly occurs in renal transplantation and is often accompanied by oxidative stresses and inflammatory responses. In this study, we explore butyrate effect on renal I/R injury and SCFAs changes in renal transplant. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with butyrate as research, and underwent the surgery of renal ischemia for 45 min followed by reperfusion. 90 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=30 each group): (1) sham-operated group; (2) butyrate-treated group; (3) control group. The samples of blood and renal were collected immediately for further studies. Thirty-two patients were enrolled to investigate the levels of SCFAs after the renal transplantation. Rats model showed that butyrate treatments significantly enhanced the function and structure of kidney, as evidenced by the lower serum creatinine levels and less pathological damages of renal tissue. With the recovery of renal function after renal transplantation, SCFAs increased, which were negatively correlated with creatinine. Butyrate expressed like SCFAs. In this study, we demonstrated that butyrate increased with the recovery of renal function after renal transplantation. Most importantly, butyrate treatments alleviated the renal damages caused by I/R via the upregulation of intracellular oxidant stress and inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Sun
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuixing Zhou
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yimeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaozhou He
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Gao
- Health Management Center, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Dong Xue
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Wu R, Li J, Tu G, Su Y, Zhang X, Luo Z, Rong R, Zhang Y. Comprehensive Molecular and Cellular Characterization of Acute Kidney Injury Progression to Renal Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699192. [PMID: 34777334 PMCID: PMC8586649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) represent different stages of renal failure; thus, CKD can be regarded as a result of AKI deterioration. Previous studies have demonstrated that immune cell infiltration, oxidative stress, and metabolic mentalism can support renal fibrosis progression in AKI cases. However, the most important triggers and cell types involved in this pathological progression remain unclear. This study was conducted to shed light into the underlying cellular and molecular features of renal fibrosis progression through the analysis of three mouse whole kidney and one human single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets publicly available. According to the different causes of AKI (ischemia reperfusion injury [IRI] or cisplatin), the mouse samples were divided into the CIU [control-IRI-unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)] and CCU (control-cisplatin-UUO) groups. Comparisons between groups revealed eight different modules of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 1,214 genes showed the same expression pattern in both CIU and CCU groups; however, 1,816 and 1,308 genes were expressed specifically in the CCU and CIU groups, respectively. Further assessment of the DEGs according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) showed that T-cell activation, fatty acid metabolic process, and arachidonic acid metabolism were involved in the fibrosis progression in CIU and CCU. Single-cell RNA-sequencing data along with the collected DEGs information also revealed that the T-cell activation mainly happened in immune cells, whereas the fatty acid metabolic process and arachidonic acid metabolism occurred in tubule cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that the fibrosis process differed between the CIU and CCU stages, in which immune and tubule cells have different functions. These identified cellular and molecular features of the different stages of fibrosis progression may pave the way for exploring novel potential therapeutic strategies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyan Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowei Tu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuepeng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhang, ; Ruiming Rong, ; Zhe Luo,
| | - Ruiming Rong
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhang, ; Ruiming Rong, ; Zhe Luo,
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhang, ; Ruiming Rong, ; Zhe Luo,
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