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Cui Y, Ho M, Hu Y, Shi Y. Vaccine adjuvants: current status, research and development, licensing, and future opportunities. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4118-4137. [PMID: 38591323 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02861e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines represent one of the most significant inventions in human history and have revolutionized global health. Generally, a vaccine functions by triggering the innate immune response and stimulating antigen-presenting cells, leading to a defensive adaptive immune response against a specific pathogen's antigen. As a key element, adjuvants are chemical materials often employed as additives to increase a vaccine's efficacy and immunogenicity. For over 90 years, adjuvants have been essential components in many human vaccines, improving their efficacy by enhancing, modulating, and prolonging the immune response. Here, we provide a timely and comprehensive review of the historical development and the current status of adjuvants, covering their classification, mechanisms of action, and roles in different vaccines. Additionally, we perform systematic analysis of the current licensing processes and highlights notable examples from clinical trials involving vaccine adjuvants. Looking ahead, we anticipate future trends in the field, including the development of new adjuvant formulations, the creation of innovative adjuvants, and their integration into the broader scope of systems vaccinology and vaccine delivery. The article posits that a deeper understanding of biochemistry, materials science, and vaccine immunology is crucial for advancing vaccine technology. Such advancements are expected to lead to the future development of more effective vaccines, capable of combating emerging infectious diseases and enhancing public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Megan Ho
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yongjie Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Mirshekar M, Haghighat S, Mousavi Z, Abdolghaffari AH, Yazdi MH. Monophosphoryl lipid A as a co-adjuvant in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus vaccine development: improvement of immune responses in a mouse model of infection. Immunol Res 2024:10.1007/s12026-024-09456-x. [PMID: 38383811 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
To increase the effectiveness of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus vaccines (MRSA), a new generation of immune system stimulating adjuvants is necessary, along with other adjuvants. In some vaccines, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) as a toll-like receptor 4 agonist is currently used as an adjuvant or co-adjuvant. MPLA could increase the immune response and vaccine immunogenicity. The current investigation assessed the immunogenicity and anti-MRSA efficacy of recombinant autolysin formulated in MPLA and Alum as co-adjuvant/adjuvant. r-Autolysin was expressed and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and characterized by SDS-PAGE. Then, the vaccine candidate formulation in MPLAs and Alum was prepared. To investigate the immunogenic responses, total IgG, isotype (IgG1 and IgG2a) levels, and cytokines (IL-4, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) profiles were evaluated by ELISA. Also, the bacterial burden in internal organs, opsonophagocytosis, survival rate, and pathobiology changes was compared among the groups. Results demonstrated that mice immunized with the r-Autolysin + Alum + MPLA Synthetic and r-Autolysin + Alum + MPLA Biologic led to increased levels of opsonic antibodies, IgG1, IgG2a isotype as well as increased levels of cytokines profiles, as compared with other experimental groups. More importantly, mice immunized with MPLA and r-Autolysin exhibited a decrease in mortality and bacterial burden, as compared with the control group. The highest level of survival was seen in the r-Autolysin + Alum + MPLA Synthetic group. We concluded that both MPLA forms, synthetic and biological, are reliable candidates for immune response improvement against MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mirshekar
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Haghighat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Yazdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ramírez W, Torralba D, Bourg V, Lastre M, Perez O, Jacquet A, Labrada A. Immunogenicity of a novel anti-allergic vaccine based on house dust mite purified allergens and a combination adjuvant in a murine prophylactic model. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:1040076. [PMID: 36479436 PMCID: PMC9720566 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.1040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The outer-membrane-derived proteoliposome (PL) of Neisseria meningitidis has been reported as a potent vaccine adjuvant, inducing a Th1-skewed response. This work aimed to assess the immunogenicity of a novel anti-allergic vaccine candidate based on allergens from Dermatophagoides siboney house dust mite and a combination adjuvant containing PL and Alum. In a preventative experimental setting, BALB/c mice were administered with three doses containing 2 µg of Der s1 and 0.4 µg Der s2 allergen, PL and Alum, at 7 days intervals, by subcutaneous route. Furthermore, mice were subjected to an allergen aerosol challenge for 6 consecutive days. Serum IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a allergen-specific antibodies were assessed by ELISA. Cytokine levels in supernatants of D. siboney stimulated lymphocyte cultures and in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were measured by ELISA. Lung tissues were subjected to histological examination. The vaccine prevented the development of both, systemic (IgE) and local allergic responses (featuring lower IL-4, and IL-5 levels in BAL) upon allergen exposure by the inhalant route. Histological examination showed also a diminished allergic inflammatory response in the lungs. After the allergen challenge, cytokine levels in stimulated lymphocyte cultures showed lower values of IL-13 and augmented IFN-γ and IL-10. The vaccine induced a mixed IgG2a/IgG1 antibody response; although only IgG2a was PL-dependent. Both, IgG1/IgE and IgG2a/IgE ratios, showed significantly greater values in vaccinated mice. The findings support a preventative anti-allergic effect associated with the induction of a Th1-like IFN-γ/IL-10 response. IgG1/IgE and IgG2a/IgE ratios could be useful biomarkers for translation into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Ramírez
- Department of Allergens, Allergens Lab, Centro Nacional de Biopreparados (BIOCEN), Bejucal, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Damarys Torralba
- Department of Allergens, Allergens Lab, Centro Nacional de Biopreparados (BIOCEN), Bejucal, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Virgilio Bourg
- Department of Allergens, Allergens Lab, Centro Nacional de Biopreparados (BIOCEN), Bejucal, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Miriam Lastre
- Department of Immunology, Havana University of Medical Sciences, Havana, Cuba
| | - Oliver Perez
- Department of Immunology, Havana University of Medical Sciences, Havana, Cuba
| | - Alain Jacquet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alexis Labrada
- Department of Allergens, Allergens Lab, Centro Nacional de Biopreparados (BIOCEN), Bejucal, Mayabeque, Cuba
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Haghighat S, Siadat SD, Akhavan Sepahi A, Mahdavi M. Recombinant PBP2a/autolysin conjugate as PLGA-based nanovaccine induced humoral responses with opsonophagocytosis activity, and protection versus methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:442-450. [PMID: 35656080 PMCID: PMC9150805 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.59992.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) reasons extreme infections, can resist various conventional antimicrobial agents, and cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vaccination seems to help modulate MRSA infections. Nanovaccine is considered a novel strategy in vaccine technology. The primary purpose of the present study was to develop a conjugate vaccine based on recombinant PBP2a and MRSA autolysin formulated in PLGA as a nanoparticle capable of enhancing protective responses against MRSA in the murine model. Materials and Methods Recombinant PBP2a and autolysin have been expressed and purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) affinity column and characterized by SDS-PAGE and western blot. PLGA was bound to recombinant proteins by using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC) and adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) as a linker and spacer, respectively. Conjugation of recombinant proteins to PLGA was confirmed by the AFM assay, zeta potential, and size distribution, and its efficacy was evaluated in mice. Total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgM titers were analyzed to assess immune responses. Lastly, the bioactivity of antibodies was tested by using the opsonophagocytosis assay. Results Mice immunized with the r-PBP2a-r-autolysin-PLGA nanovaccine led to increased levels of opsonic antibodies and IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgM when compared with other experimental groups. Our results confirmed that vaccination with nanovaccine could reduce the mortality rate against the sub-lethal dose of MRSA challenge. Furthermore, the nanovaccine could eliminate MRSA from the kidney of infected mice. Conclusion This study may provide valuable insights into the protective power of the r-PBP2a-r-autolysin-PLGA conjugate vaccine against MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Haghighat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Setareh Haghighat. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. ;
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Akhavan Sepahi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research(ACECR), Tehran, Iran,Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Immunotherapy Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pacini MF, González FB, Dinatale B, Bulfoni Balbi C, Villar SR, Farré C, Lupi G, Espariz M, Blancato VS, Magni C, Marcipar I, Pérez AR. Nasal immunization with a L. lactis-derived trans-sialidase antigen plus c-di-AMP protects against acute oral T. cruzi infection. Vaccine 2022; 40:2311-2323. [PMID: 35279330 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The new generation of vaccines for Chagas disease, are focused to induce both humoral and cellular response to effectively control Trypanosoma cruzi parasites. The administration of vaccine formulations intranasally has the advantage over parenteral routes that can induce a specific response at mucosal and systemic levels. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the immunogenicity and prophylactic effectiveness of two Trans-sialidase (TS)-based mucosal vaccines against T. cruzi administered intranasally. Vaccines consisted of a recombinant fragment of TS expressed in Lactococcus lactis formulated in two different adjuvants. The first, was an immunostimulant particle (ISPA, an ISCOMATRIX-like adjuvant), while the second was the dinucleotide c-di-AMP, which have shown immunostimulant properties at the mucosal level. BALB/c mice were immunized intranasally (3 doses, one every two weeks) with each formulation (TS + ISPA or TS + c-di-AMP) and with TS alone or vehicle (saline solution) as controls. Fifteen days after the last immunization, both TS + ISPA or TS + c-di-AMP induced an evident systemic humoral and cellular response, as judged by the increased plasma anti-TS IgG2a titers and IgG2a/IgG1 ratio and enhanced cellular response against TS. Plasma derived antibodies from TS + c-di-AMP also inhibit in vitro the invasion capacity of T. cruzi. Furthermore, specific secretory IgA was more enhanced in TS + c-di-AMP group. Protective efficacy was proved in vaccinated animals by an oral T. cruzi-challenge. Parasitemia control was only achieved by animals vaccinated with TS + c-di-AMP, despite all vaccinates groups showed enhanced CD8+IFN-γ+ T cell numbers. In addition, it was reflected during the acute phase in a significant reduction of tissue parasite load, clinical manifestations and diminished tissue damage. The better prophylactic capacity elicited by TS + c-di-AMP was related to the induction of neutralizing plasma antibodies and augmented levels of mucosal IgA since TS + ISPA and TS + c-di-AMP groups displayed similar immunogenicity and CD8+IFN-γ+ T-cell response. Therefore, TS + c-di-AMP formulation appears as a promising strategy for prophylaxis against T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brenda Dinatale
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Camila Bulfoni Balbi
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Silvina Raquel Villar
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Argentina; Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Farré
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Argentina; Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Giuliana Lupi
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - Martín Espariz
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular de Rosario, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Lácticas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Víctor Sebastián Blancato
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular de Rosario, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Lácticas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Christian Magni
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular de Rosario, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Lácticas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Iván Marcipar
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - Ana Rosa Pérez
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Argentina; Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina.
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Pérez-Rodríguez S, de la Caridad Rodríguez-González M, Ochoa-Azze R, Climent-Ruiz Y, Alberto González-Delgado C, Paredes-Moreno B, Valenzuela-Silva C, Rodríguez-Noda L, Perez-Nicado R, González-Mugica R, Martínez-Pérez M, Sánchez-Ramírez B, Hernández-García T, Díaz-Machado A, Tamayo-Rodríguez M, Martín-Trujillo A, Rubino-Moreno J, Suárez-Batista A, Dubed-Echevarría M, Teresa Pérez-Guevara M, Amoroto-Roig M, Chappi-Estévez Y, Bergado-Báez G, Pi-Estopiñán F, Chen GW, Valdés-Balbín Y, García-Rivera D, Verez-Bencomo V. A randomized, double-blind phase I clinical trial of two recombinant dimeric RBD COVID-19 vaccine candidates: Safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity. Vaccine 2022; 40:2068-2075. [PMID: 35164986 PMCID: PMC8823954 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is the target for many COVID-19 vaccines. Here we report results for phase I clinical trial of two COVID-19 vaccine candidates based on recombinant dimeric RBD (d-RBD). Methods We performed a randomized, double-blind, phase I clinical trial in the National Centre of Toxicology in Havana. Sixty Cuban volunteers aged 19–59 years were randomized into three groups (20 subjects each): 1) FINLAY-FR-1 (50 µg d-RBD plus outer membrane vesicles from N. meningitidis); 2) FINLAY-FR-1A-50 (50 µg d-RBD, three doses); 3) FINLAY-FR-1A-25 (25 µg d-RDB, three doses). The FINLAY-FR-1 group was randomly divided to receive a third dose of the same vaccine candidate (homologous schedule) or FINLAY-FR-1A-50 (heterologous schedule). The primary outcomes were safety and reactogenicity. The secondary outcome was vaccine immunogenicity. Humoral response at baseline and following each vaccination was evaluated using live-virus neutralization test, anti-RBD IgG ELISA and in-vitro neutralization test of RBD:hACE2 interaction. Results Most adverse events were of mild intensity (63.5%), solicited (58.8%), and local (61.8%); 69.4% with causal association with vaccination. Serious adverse events were not found. The FINLAY-FR-1 group reported more subjects with adverse events than the other two groups. After the third dose, anti-RBD seroconversion was 100%, 94.4% and 90% for the FINLAY-FR-1, FINLAY-FR-1A-50 and FINLAY-FR-1A-25 respectively. The in-vitro inhibition of RBD:hACE2 interaction increased after the second dose in all formulations. The geometric mean neutralizing titres after the third dose rose significantly in the group vaccinated with FINLAY-FR-1 with respect to the other formulations and the COVID-19 Convalescent Serum Panel. No differences were found between FINLAY-FR-1 homologous or heterologous schedules. Conclusions Vaccine candidates were safe and immunogenic, and induced live-virus neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The highest values were obtained when outer membrane vesicles were used as adjuvant. Trial registry: https://rpcec.sld.cu/en/trials/RPCEC00000338-En.
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Firdaus FZ, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Developments in Vaccine Adjuvants. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2412:145-178. [PMID: 34918245 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1892-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines, including subunit, recombinant, and conjugate vaccines, require the use of an immunostimulator/adjuvant for maximum efficacy. Adjuvants not only enhance the strength and longevity of immune responses but may also influence the type of response. In this chapter, we review the adjuvants that are available for use in human vaccines, such as alum, MF59, AS03, and AS01. We extensively discuss their composition, characteristics, mechanism of action, and effects on the immune system. Additionally, we summarize recent trends in adjuvant discovery, providing a brief overview of saponins, TLRs agonists, polysaccharides, nanoparticles, cytokines, and mucosal adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrhana Ziana Firdaus
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia. .,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia. .,School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
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Mondal H, Thomas J. A review on the recent advances and application of vaccines against fish pathogens in aquaculture. AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL : JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN AQUACULTURE SOCIETY 2022; 30:1971-2000. [PMID: 35528247 PMCID: PMC9059915 DOI: 10.1007/s10499-022-00884-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Globally, aquaculture has faced serious economic problems due to bacterial, viral, and various other infectious diseases of different origins. Even though such diseases are being detected and simultaneously treated with several therapeutic and prophylactic methods, the broad-spectrum activity of vaccines plays a vital role as a preventive measure in aquaculture. However, treatments like use of antibiotics and probiotics seem to be less effective when new mutant strains develop and disease causing pathogens become resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, vaccines developed by using recent advanced molecular techniques can be considered as an effective way of treating disease causing pathogens in aquatic organisms. The present review emphasizes on the current advances in technology and future outlook with reference to different types of vaccines used in the aquaculture industries. Beginning with traditional killed/inactivated and live attenuated vaccines, this work culminates in the review of modern new generation ones including recombinant, synthetic peptides, mucosal and DNA, subunit, nanoparticle-based and plant-based edible vaccines, reverse vaccinology, and monovalent and polyvalent vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimanti Mondal
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - John Thomas
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
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Attia MA, Essa EA, Elebyary TT, Faheem AM, Elkordy AA. Brief on Recent Application of Liposomal Vaccines for Lower Respiratory Tract Viral Infections: From Influenza to COVID-19 Vaccines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1173. [PMID: 34832955 PMCID: PMC8619292 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing infectious diseases and saving lives. Modern biotechnology largely enabled vaccine development. In the meantime, recent advances in pharmaceutical technology have resulted in the emergence of nanoparticles that are extensively investigated as promising miniaturized drug delivery systems. Scientists are particularly interested in liposomes as an important carrier for vaccine development. Wide acceptability of liposomes lies in their flexibility and versatility. Due to their unique vesicular structure with alternating aqueous and lipid compartments, liposomes can enclose both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds, including antigens. Liposome composition can be tailored to obtain the desired immune response and adjuvant characteristics. During the current pandemic of COVID-19, many liposome-based vaccines have been developed with great success. This review covers a liposome-based vaccine designed particularly to combat viral infection of the lower respiratory tract (LRT), i.e., infection of the lung, specifically in the lower airways. Viruses such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2) are common causes of LRT infections, hence this review mainly focuses on this category of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Attia
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK; (M.A.A.); (A.M.F.)
| | - Ebtessam Ahmed Essa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt; (E.A.E.); (T.T.E.)
| | - Toka Tarek Elebyary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt; (E.A.E.); (T.T.E.)
| | - Ahmed Mostafa Faheem
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK; (M.A.A.); (A.M.F.)
| | - Amal Ali Elkordy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK; (M.A.A.); (A.M.F.)
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Sharma A, Yadav SP, Sarma D, Mukhopadhaya A. Modulation of host cellular responses by gram-negative bacterial porins. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 128:35-77. [PMID: 35034723 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The outer membrane of a gram-negative bacteria encapsulates the plasma membrane thereby protecting it from the harsh external environment. This membrane acts as a sieving barrier due to the presence of special membrane-spanning proteins called "porins." These porins are β-barrel channel proteins that allow the passive transport of hydrophilic molecules and are impermeable to large and charged molecules. Many porins form trimers in the outer membrane. They are abundantly present on the bacterial surface and therefore play various significant roles in the host-bacteria interactions. These include the roles of porins in the adhesion and virulence mechanisms necessary for the pathogenesis, along with providing resistance to the bacteria against the antimicrobial substances. They also act as the receptors for phage and complement proteins and are involved in modulating the host cellular responses. In addition, the potential use of porins as adjuvants, vaccine candidates, therapeutic targets, and biomarkers is now being exploited. In this review, we focus briefly on the structure of the porins along with their important functions and roles in the host-bacteria interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shashi Prakash Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Dwipjyoti Sarma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Arunika Mukhopadhaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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Markarian NM, Abrahamyan L. AMDV Vaccine: Challenges and Perspectives. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091833. [PMID: 34578415 PMCID: PMC8472842 DOI: 10.3390/v13091833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) is known to cause the most significant disease in the mink industry. It is globally widespread and manifested as a deadly plasmacytosis and hyperglobulinemia. So far, measures to control the viral spread have been limited to manual serological testing for AMDV-positive mink. Further, due to the persistent nature of this virus, attempts to eradicate Aleutian disease (AD) have largely failed. Therefore, effective strategies to control the viral spread are of crucial importance for wildlife protection. One potentially key tool in the fight against this disease is by the immunization of mink against AMDV. Throughout many years, several researchers have tried to develop AMDV vaccines and demonstrated varying degrees of protection in mink by those vaccines. Despite these attempts, there are currently no vaccines available against AMDV, allowing the continuation of the spread of Aleutian disease. Herein, we summarize previous AMDV immunization attempts in mink as well as other preventative measures with the purpose to shed light on future studies designing such a potentially crucial preventative tool against Aleutian disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M. Markarian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Levon Abrahamyan
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Research Group on Infectious Diseases of Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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12
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Caruffo M, Vidal S, Santis L, Siel D, Pérez O, Huenchullan PR, Sáenz L. Effectiveness of a proteoliposome-based vaccine against salmonid rickettsial septicaemia in Oncorhynchus mykiss. Vet Res 2021; 52:111. [PMID: 34425904 PMCID: PMC8382212 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonid rickettsial septicaemia (SRS) is a contagious disease caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis, an intracellular bacterium. SRS causes an estimated economic loss of $700 million USD to the Chilean industry annually. Vaccination and antibiotic therapy are the primary prophylactic and control measures used against SRS. Unfortunately, commercially available SRS vaccines have not been shown to have a significant effect on reducing mortality. Most vaccines contain whole inactivated bacteria which results in decreased efficacy due to the limited ability of the vaccine to evoke a cellular mediated immune response that can eliminate the pathogen or infected cells. In addition, SRS vaccine efficacy has been evaluated primarily with Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon). Vaccine studies using Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) are scarce, despite SRS being the leading cause of infectious death for this species. In this study, we evaluate an injectable vaccine based on P. salmonis proteoliposome; describing the vaccine security profile, capacity to induce specific anti-P. salmonis IgM and gene expression of immune markers related to T CD8 cell-mediated immunity. Efficacy was determined by experimental challenge with P. salmonis intraperitoneally. Our findings indicate that a P. salmonis proteoliposome-based vaccine is able to protect O. mykiss against challenge with a P. salmonis Chilean isolate and causes a specific antibody response. The transcriptional profile suggests that the vaccine is capable of inducing cellular immunity. This study provides new insights into O. mykiss protection and the immune response induced by a P. salmonis proteoliposome-based vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Caruffo
- NGEN LAB S.A, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Vacunas Veterinarias, Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sonia Vidal
- Laboratorio de Vacunas Veterinarias, Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Santis
- Laboratorio de Vacunas Veterinarias, Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Siel
- Laboratorio de Vacunas Veterinarias, Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oliver Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas Y Preclínicas "Victoria de Girón", Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Laboratorio de Vacunas Veterinarias, Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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13
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Nagy NA, de Haas AM, Geijtenbeek TBH, van Ree R, Tas SW, van Kooyk Y, de Jong EC. Therapeutic Liposomal Vaccines for Dendritic Cell Activation or Tolerance. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674048. [PMID: 34054859 PMCID: PMC8155586 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are paramount in initiating and guiding immunity towards a state of activation or tolerance. This bidirectional capacity of DCs sets them at the center stage for treatment of cancer and autoimmune or allergic conditions. Accordingly, many clinical studies use ex vivo DC vaccination as a strategy to boost anti-tumor immunity or to suppress immunity by including vitamin D3, NF-κB inhibitors or retinoic acid to create tolerogenic DCs. As harvesting DCs from patients and differentiating these cells in vitro is a costly and cumbersome process, in vivo targeting of DCs has huge potential as nanoparticulate platforms equipped with activating or tolerogenic adjuvants can modulate DCs in their natural environment. There is a rapid expansion of the choices of nanoparticles and activation- or tolerance-promoting adjuvants for a therapeutic vaccine platform. In this review we highlight the most recent nanomedical approaches aimed at inducing immune activation or tolerance via targeting DCs, together with novel fundamental insights into the mechanisms inherent to fostering anti-tumor or tolerogenic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Anna Nagy
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aram M de Haas
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander W Tas
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esther C de Jong
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Assessing Neutralized Nicotine Distribution Using Mice Vaccinated with the Mucosal Conjugate Nicotine Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020118. [PMID: 33546163 PMCID: PMC7913222 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking continues to be a global epidemic and the leading preventable cause of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Nicotine vaccines have been investigated as an alternative to currently available smoking cessation strategies as a means to increase rates of success and long-term abstinence. Recently, we demonstrated that a mucosal nicotine vaccine was able to induce robust mucosal and systemic antibodies when delivered heterologously using intranasal and intramuscular routes. Herein, we investigated the neutralization ability of the anti-nicotine antibodies using both intranasal and intracardiac nicotine challenges. Combining the extraction of lyophilized organ samples with RP-HPLC methods, we were able to recover between 47% and 56% of the nicotine administered from the blood, brain, heart, and lungs up to 10 min after challenge, suggesting that the interaction of the antibodies with nicotine forms a stable complex independently of the route of vaccination or challenge. Although both challenge routes can be used for assessing systemic antibodies, only the intranasal administration of nicotine, which is more physiologically similar to the inhalation of nicotine, permitted the crucial interaction of nicotine with the mucosal antibodies generated using the heterologous vaccination route. Notably, these results were obtained 6 months after the final vaccination, demonstrating stable mucosal and systemic antibody responses.
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15
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Lozano JM, Rodríguez Parra Z, Hernández-Martínez S, Yasnot-Acosta MF, Rojas AP, Marín-Waldo LS, Rincón JE. The Search of a Malaria Vaccine: The Time for Modified Immuno-Potentiating Probes. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020115. [PMID: 33540947 PMCID: PMC7913233 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a deadly disease that takes the lives of more than 420,000 people a year and is responsible for more than 229 million clinical cases globally. In 2019, 95% of malaria morbidity occurred in African countries. The development of a highly protective vaccine is an urgent task that remains to be solved. Many vaccine candidates have been developed, from the use of the entire attenuated and irradiated pre-erythrocytic parasite forms (or recombinantly expressed antigens thereof) to synthetic candidates formulated in a variety of adjuvants and delivery systems, however these have unfortunately proven a limited efficacy. At present, some vaccine candidates are finishing safety and protective efficacy trials, such as the PfSPZ and the RTS,S/AS01 which are being introduced in Africa. We propose a strategy for introducing non-natural elements into target antigens representing key epitopes of Plasmodium spp. Accordingly, chemical strategies and knowledge of host immunity to Plasmodium spp. have served as the basis. Evidence is obtained after being tested in experimental rodent models for malaria infection and recognized for human sera from malaria-endemic regions. This encourages us to propose such an immune-potentiating strategy to be further considered in the search for new vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Lozano
- Grupo de Investigación Mimetismo Molecular de los Agentes Infecciosos, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia—Sede Bogotá, 111321 Bogota, Colombia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-3102-504-657
| | - Zully Rodríguez Parra
- Grupo de Investigación Mimetismo Molecular de los Agentes Infecciosos, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia—Sede Bogotá, 111321 Bogota, Colombia;
| | - Salvador Hernández-Martínez
- Dirección de Infección e Inmunidad, Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Maria Fernanda Yasnot-Acosta
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas y Biomédicas de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba, 230002 Monteria, Colombia;
| | - Angela Patricia Rojas
- Grupo de Investigación Biología Celular y Autoinmuniad, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, 111321 Bogota, Colombia;
| | | | - Juan Edilberto Rincón
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Mecatrónica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, 111321 Bogota, Colombia;
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16
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Bartlett S, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Lipids as Activators of Innate Immunity in Peptide Vaccine Delivery. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2887-2901. [PMID: 30362416 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181026100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immune system plays an important role in pathogen detection and the recognition of vaccines, mainly through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that identify pathogen components (danger signals). One of the typically recognised bacterial components are lipids in conjugation with peptides, proteins and saccharides. Lipidic compounds are readily recognised by the immune system, and thus are ideal candidates for peptide- based vaccine delivery. Thus, bacterial or synthetic lipids mixed with, or conjugated to, antigens have shown adjuvant properties. These systems have many advantages over traditional adjuvants, including low toxicity and good efficacy for stimulating mucosal and systemic immune responses. METHODS The most recent literature on the role of lipids in stimulation of immune responses was selected for this review. The vast majority of reviewed papers were published in the last decade. Older but significant findings are also cited. RESULTS This review focuses on the development of lipopeptide vaccine systems including application of palmitic acid, bacterial lipopeptides, glycolipids and the lipid core peptide and their routes of administration. The use of liposomes as a delivery system that incorporates lipopeptides is discussed. The review also includes a brief description of immune system in relation to vaccinology and discussion on vaccine delivery routes. CONCLUSION Lipids and their conjugates are an ideal frontrunner in the development of safe and efficient vaccines for different immunisation routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Bartlett
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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17
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Liu Z, Yu L, Gu P, Bo R, Wusiman A, Liu J, Hu Y, Wang D. Preparation of lentinan-calcium carbonate microspheres and their application as vaccine adjuvants. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116520. [PMID: 32718625 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvants improve vaccine potency by enhancing immunogenicity and sustaining long-term immune responses. Lentinan (LNT), a β-1,3-glucohexaose with β-1,6-branches, is extracted from the mushroom Lentinus edodes and functions as an effective immunostimulatory drug. Previous studies have demonstrated the adjuvant activity of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) microspheres as well as their use as antigen delivery systems. In this study, we successfully loaded CaCO3 microspheres with LNT and evaluated their physicochemical characteristics prior to the adsorption of ovalbumin. Our experimental results demonstrated that LNT-CaCO3 significantly enhanced lymphocyte proliferation, and boosted the frequency of CD69 + B cells and the ratio of CD4+ to CD8 + T cells in spleen lymphocytes. Moreover, LNT-CaCO3 unexpectedly induced the secretion of IgG and Th-associated cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) in immunized mice. Therefore, LNT-CaCO3 microspheres induce robust cellular and humoral immune responses and have potential utility as vaccine delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguang Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Lin Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Pengfei Gu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Ruonan Bo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Adelijiang Wusiman
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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18
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Fraleigh NL, Oliva R, Lewicky JD, Martel AL, Acevedo R, Dagmar GR, Le HT. Assessing the immunogenicity and toxicity of the AFPL1-conjugate nicotine vaccine using heterologous and homologous vaccination routes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221708. [PMID: 31442285 PMCID: PMC6707630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increased risks of cancers and cardiovascular related diseases, tobacco smoking continues to be prevalent in the population due largely in part to the addictive nature of nicotine. Nicotine vaccines are an attractive alternative to the current smoking cessation options but have yet to be successful enough in clinical trials to reach the market due to a lack of neutralizing antibodies and inconsistent results. Using AFPL1 derived from the Cuban meningococcal vaccine as an adjuvant, we have previously published promising results with an intranasally administered nicotine vaccine. In order to examine the immunogenicity and safety of this vaccine in mice we set up a pilot trial administering the vaccine either intranasally, intramuscularly or utilizing both routes simultaneously and evaluated immune responses and clinical symptoms throughout the duration of the vaccination protocol and post-mortem. These data further demonstrate the ability of the AFPL1 nicotine conjugate vaccine to be a safe and potential candidate for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nya L. Fraleigh
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hoang-Thanh Le
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Medicinal Sciences division, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Chemistry & Biochemistry and Biology Departments, Laurentian university, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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19
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Cabral-Miranda G, Lim SM, Mohsen MO, Pobelov IV, Roesti ES, Heath MD, Skinner MA, Kramer MF, Martina BEE, Bachmann MF. Zika Virus-Derived E-DIII Protein Displayed on Immunologically Optimized VLPs Induces Neutralizing Antibodies without Causing Enhancement of Dengue Virus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030072. [PMID: 31340594 PMCID: PMC6789886 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus similar to Dengue virus (DENV) in terms of transmission and clinical manifestations, and usually both viruses are found to co-circulate. ZIKV is usually transmitted by mosquitoes bites, but may also be transmitted by blood transfusion, via the maternal–foetal route, and sexually. After 2015, when the most extensive outbreak of ZIKV had occurred in Brazil and subsequently spread throughout the rest of South America, it became evident that ZIKV infection during the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with microcephaly and other neurological complications in newborns. As a result, the development of a vaccine against ZIKV became an urgent goal. A major issue with DENV vaccines, and therefore likely also with ZIKV vaccines, is the induction of antibodies that fail to neutralize the virus properly and cause antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of the infection instead. It has previously been shown that antibodies against the third domain of the envelope protein (EDIII) induces optimally neutralizing antibodies with no evidence for ADE for other viral strains. Therefore, we generated a ZIKV vaccine based on the EDIII domain displayed on the immunologically optimized Cucumber mosaic virus (CuMVtt) derived virus-like particles (VLPs) formulated in dioleoyl phosphatidylserine (DOPS) as adjuvant. The vaccine induced high levels of specific IgG after a single injection. The antibodies were able to neutralise ZIKV without enhancing infection by DENV in vitro. Thus, the here described vaccine based on EDIII displayed on VLPs was able to stimulate production of antibodies specifically neutralizing ZIKV without potentially enhancing disease caused by DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Cabral-Miranda
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology (CCMP), University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK.
- Immunology, RIA, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Stephanie M Lim
- Artemis Bio-Support, Molengraaffsingel, 2629 Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mona O Mohsen
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology (CCMP), University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
- Immunology, RIA, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ilya V Pobelov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisa S Roesti
- Immunology, RIA, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Byron E E Martina
- Artemis Bio-Support, Molengraaffsingel, 2629 Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology (CCMP), University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK.
- Immunology, RIA, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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20
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Demars A, Lison A, Machelart A, Van Vyve M, Potemberg G, Vanderwinden JM, De Bolle X, Letesson JJ, Muraille E. Route of Infection Strongly Impacts the Host-Pathogen Relationship. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1589. [PMID: 31354728 PMCID: PMC6637429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated vaccines play a key role in the control of many human and animal pathogens. Their rational development is usually helped by identification of the reservoir of infection, the lymphoid subpopulations associated with protective immunity as well as the virulence genes involved in pathogen persistence. Here, we compared the course of Brucella melitensis infection in C57BL/6 mice infected via intraperitoneal (i.p.), intranasal (i.n.) and intradermal (i.d.) route and demonstrated that the route of infection strongly impacts all of these parameters. Following i.p. and i.n. infection, most infected cells observed in the spleen or lung were F4/80+ myeloid cells. In striking contrast, infected Ly6G+ neutrophils and CD140a+ fibroblasts were also observed in the skin after i.d. infection. The virB operon encoding for the type IV secretion system is considered essential to deflecting vacuolar trafficking in phagocytic cells and allows Brucella to multiply and persist. Unexpectedly, the ΔvirB Brucella strain, which does not persist in the lung after i.n. infection, persists longer in skin tissues than the wild strain after i.d. infection. While the CD4+ T cell-mediated Th1 response is indispensable to controlling the Brucella challenge in the i.p. model, it is dispensable for the control of Brucella in the i.d. and i.n. models. Similarly, B cells are indispensable in the i.p. and i.d. models but dispensable in the i.n. model. γδ+ T cells appear able to compensate for the absence of αβ+ T cells in the i.d. model but not in the other models. Taken together, our results demonstrate the crucial importance of the route of infection for the host pathogen relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Demars
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Aurore Lison
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Machelart
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Margaux Van Vyve
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Georges Potemberg
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | | | - Xavier De Bolle
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Letesson
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Eric Muraille
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
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21
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Ravid-Peretz S, Colorni A, Sharon G, Ucko M. Vaccination of European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax with avirulent Mycobacterium marinum (iipA::kan mutant). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:317-327. [PMID: 31039442 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis is a chronic progressive disease affecting teleost fishes all over the world. No vaccine is commercially available against its main etiological agent, Mycobacterium marinum. The mycobacterial gene responsible for invasion and intracellular persistence, iipA, is known to modulate M. marinum pathology. The innate and adaptive immune responses in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) vaccinated with M. marinum iipA::kan mutant with (and without) the use of adjuvant, with (and without) a booster vaccination were monitored. The adjuvanted vaccine induced enhanced immune responses. TNF-α transcription levels were extremely high in spleen of the fish vaccinated with the addition of adjuvant in both fish vaccinated once and twice, followed by an IgM response highly specific for M. marinum. Also, histologically, granulomas started appearing in spleen and head-kidney tissues (but with no visible bacteria) within a month after vaccination, mainly with the adjuvanted vaccine. This was followed by reduction in pathology, as demonstrated by the lower number of granulomas (with visible bacteria), indicating that even heat-killed bacteria were able to elicit granulomatous formations. Adhesion of the internal organs and moderate pigmentation were observed in the perivisceral adipose tissue of nearly all vaccinated fish. Although the adjuvanted heat-killed avirulent iipA::kan mutant clearly induced a strong humoral and adaptive immune response, the booster treatment did not seem to have produced a significantly higher degree of protection from the disease compared to fish that received a single vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Ravid-Peretz
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Center for Mariculture, Eilat, 8811201, Israel
| | - Angelo Colorni
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Center for Mariculture, Eilat, 8811201, Israel
| | - Galit Sharon
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Center for Mariculture, Eilat, 8811201, Israel
| | - Michal Ucko
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Center for Mariculture, Eilat, 8811201, Israel.
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Lange MD, Abernathy J, Farmer BD. Evaluation of a Recombinant Flavobacterium columnare DnaK Protein Vaccine as a Means of Protection Against Columnaris Disease in Channel Catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus). Front Immunol 2019; 10:1175. [PMID: 31244827 PMCID: PMC6562308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare causes substantial losses among cultured finfish species. The Gram-negative bacterium is an opportunistic pathogen that manifests as biofilms on the host's mucosal surfaces as the disease progresses. We previously demonstrated that the dominant mucosal IgM antibody response to F. columnare is to the chaperone protein DnaK that is found in the extracellular fraction. To establish the efficacy of using recombinant protein technology to develop a new vaccine against columnaris disease, we are reporting on two consecutive years of vaccine trials using a recombinant F. columnare DnaK protein (rDnaK). In year one, three groups of channel catfish (n = 300) were immunized by bath immersion with a live attenuated F. columnare isolate, rDnaK or sham immunized. After 6 weeks, an F. columnare laboratory challenge showed a significant increase in survival (>30%) in both the live attenuated and rDnaK vaccines when compared to the non-immunized control. A rDnaK-specific ELISA revealed significant levels of mucosal IgM antibodies in the skin of catfish immunized with rDnaK at 4- and 6-weeks post immunization. In the second year, three groups of channel catfish (n = 300) were bath immunized with rDnaK alone or with rDnaK after a brief osmotic shock or sham immunized. After 6 weeks a laboratory challenge with F. columnare was conducted and showed a significant increase in survival in the rDnaK (> 25%) and in rDnaK with osmotic shock (>35%) groups when compared to the non-immunized control. The rDnaK-specific ELISA demonstrated significant levels of mucosal IgM antibodies in the skin of catfish groups immunized with rDnaK at 4- and 6-weeks post immunization. To further understand the processes which have conferred immune protection in the rDnaK group, we conducted RNA sequencing of skin samples from the non-immunized (n = 6) and rDnaK treated channel catfish at 1-week (n = 6) and 6 weeks (n = 6) post immunization. Significantly altered gene expression was identified and results will be discussed. Work to further enhance the catfish immune response to F. columnare rDnaK is underway as this protein remains a promising candidate for additional optimization and experimental trials in a production setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Lange
- Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Stuttgart, AR, United States
| | - Jason Abernathy
- Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Stuttgart, AR, United States
| | - Bradley D Farmer
- Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Stuttgart, AR, United States
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Batista-Duharte A, Martínez DT, Carlos IZ. Efficacy and safety of immunological adjuvants. Where is the cut-off? Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:616-624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Siel D, Loaiza A, Vidal S, Caruffo M, Paredes R, Ramirez G, Lapierre L, Briceño C, Pérez O, Sáenz L. The immune profile induced is crucial to determine the effects of immunocastration over gonadal function, fertility, and GnRH-I expression. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 79. [PMID: 29048721 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Immunocastration or vaccination against the GnRH-I hormone is a promising alternative to reproductive control in different animal species. Given the low immunogenicity of this hormone, the use of adjuvants becomes necessary. METHOD OF STUDY This study evaluated the effects of three adjuvants that induce different immune response profiles over gonadal function, fertility, and expression of GnRH-I. Female mice (n = 6) were vaccinated at days 1 and 30 with a recombinant antigen for immunocastration and different adjuvants that induced preferentially Th1/Th2, Th2, and Th1 immune profiles. RESULTS Th1/Th2 response is the most efficient to block reproductive activity in vaccinated animals, reducing the number of luteal bodies and pre-ovulatory follicles. Th2 and Th1/Th2 responses induced an increase in GnRH-I at the hypothalamus. CONCLUSION The immune profile induced by different adjuvants is essential on the effects over fertility, gonadal function, and hypothalamic GnRH-I expression in immunocastrated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Siel
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexandra Loaiza
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sonia Vidal
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Caruffo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Paredes
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Galia Ramirez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Briceño
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oliver Pérez
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas "Victoria de Girón", Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Ramírez W, Bourg V, Torralba D, Facenda E, Tamargo B, González BO, Sierra G, Pérez O, Perez-Llano Y, Labrada A. Safety of a proteoliposome from Neisseria meningitides as adjuvant for a house dust mite allergy vaccine. J Immunotoxicol 2017; 14:152-159. [DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2017.1346007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Ramírez
- Allergens Department, Centro Nacional de Biopreparados, Bejucal, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Virgilio Bourg
- Allergens Department, Centro Nacional de Biopreparados, Bejucal, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Damaris Torralba
- Allergens Department, Centro Nacional de Biopreparados, Bejucal, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Elisa Facenda
- Allergens Department, Centro Nacional de Biopreparados, Bejucal, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Beatriz Tamargo
- Pharmacy and Food Institute, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexis Labrada
- Allergens Department, Centro Nacional de Biopreparados, Bejucal, Mayabeque, Cuba
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Alvarez N, Serpa D, Kadir R, Tirado Y, Borrero R, Fernández S, Cabrera R, Valdes Y, Zayas C, Acevedo R, Izquierdo L, Sarmiento ME, Norazmi MN, Pérez JL, Acosta A. Specific and cross-reactive immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in mice immunized with proteoliposomes from Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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28
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Batista-Duharte A, Lastre M, Romeu B, Portuondo D, Téllez-Martínez D, Manente F, Pérez O, Carlos I. Antifungal and immunomodulatory activity of a novel cochleate for amphotericin B delivery against Sporothrix schenckii. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:277-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Embregts CWE, Forlenza M. Oral vaccination of fish: Lessons from humans and veterinary species. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 64:118-37. [PMID: 27018298 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The limited number of oral vaccines currently approved for use in humans and veterinary species clearly illustrates that development of efficacious and safe oral vaccines has been a challenge not only for fish immunologists. The insufficient efficacy of oral vaccines is partly due to antigen breakdown in the harsh gastric environment, but also to the high tolerogenic gut environment and to inadequate vaccine design. In this review we discuss current approaches used to develop oral vaccines for mass vaccination of farmed fish species. Furthermore, using various examples from the human and veterinary vaccine development, we propose additional approaches to fish vaccine design also considering recent advances in fish mucosal immunology and novel molecular tools. Finally, we discuss the pros and cons of using the zebrafish as a pre-screening animal model to potentially speed up vaccine design and testing for aquaculture fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen W E Embregts
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Forlenza
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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30
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Batista-Duharte A, Jorge Murillo G, Pérez UM, Tur EN, Portuondo DF, Martínez BT, Téllez-Martínez D, Betancourt JE, Pérez O. The Hen's Egg Test on Chorioallantoic Membrane: An Alternative Assay for the Assessment of the Irritating Effect of Vaccine Adjuvants. Int J Toxicol 2016; 35:627-633. [PMID: 27733445 DOI: 10.1177/1091581816672187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Local reactions are the most frequent adverse event associated with vaccines. Adjuvants are major constituents of many vaccines and they are frequently involved in these reactions, associated with their irritating effect and the stimulation of local inflammation. The hen's egg test on chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) is an alternative toxicological method widely used to determine ocular irritation potential, but very few studies have demonstrated the utility of this method for assessing the irritant properties of vaccine adjuvants. In this work, known/experimental adjuvants were evaluated by both HET-CAM and an in vivo local toxicity study in mice to compare irritation scores to determine whether there was a correlation (Pearson test). Based on these data (r = 0.9034; P < 0.0001), the HET-CAM assay can be used as an alternate method for the prediction of the local toxicity potential of adjuvant candidates to be used in vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Batista-Duharte
- Toxicology and Biomedicine Center (TOXIMED), Medical Science University of Santiago de Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba .,São Paulo Estate University (UNESP), Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Gisela Jorge Murillo
- Toxicology and Biomedicine Center (TOXIMED), Medical Science University of Santiago de Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Ulpiano Marqués Pérez
- Toxicology and Biomedicine Center (TOXIMED), Medical Science University of Santiago de Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Enieyis Naranjo Tur
- Toxicology and Biomedicine Center (TOXIMED), Medical Science University of Santiago de Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | | | - Bruno Téllez Martínez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | | | - Juan E Betancourt
- Toxicology and Biomedicine Center (TOXIMED), Medical Science University of Santiago de Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Oliver Pérez
- Department of Immunology, University of Medical Science, Havana, Cuba
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Tirado Y, Puig A, Alvarez N, Borrero R, Aguilar A, Camacho F, Reyes F, Fernandez S, Perez JL, Acevedo R, Mata Espinoza D, Payan JAB, Garcia MDLA, Kadir R, Sarmiento ME, Hernandez-Pando R, Norazmi MN, Acosta A. Mycobacterium smegmatis proteoliposome induce protection in a murine progressive pulmonary tuberculosis model. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 101:44-48. [PMID: 27865396 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity. The TB vaccine, BCG, is not fully protective against the adult form of the disease and is unable to prevent its transmission although it is still useful against severe childhood TB. Hence, the search for new vaccines is of great interest. In a previous study, we have shown that proteoliposomes obtained from Mycobacterium smegmatis (PLMs) induced cross reactive humoral and cellular response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens. With the objective to evaluate the protective capability of PLMs, a murine model of progressive pulmonary TB was used. Animals immunized with PLMs with and without alum (PLMs/PLMsAL respectively) showed protection compared to non-immunized animals. Mice immunized with PLMsAL induced similar protection as that of BCG. Animals immunized with BCG, PLMs and PLMsAL showed a significant decrease in tissue damage (percentage of pneumonic area/lung) compared to non-immunized animals, with a more prominent effect in BCG vaccinated mice. The protective effect of the administration of PLMs in mice supports its future evaluation as experimental vaccine candidate against Mtb.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Alum Compounds
- Animals
- BCG Vaccine
- Bacterial Load
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mycobacterium smegmatis/immunology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/growth & development
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/pathology
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/prevention & control
- Proteolipids/immunology
- Tuberculosis Vaccines
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/pathology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dulce Mata Espinoza
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition "Salvador Zubiran", D.F. Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alberto Barrios Payan
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition "Salvador Zubiran", D.F. Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Ramlah Kadir
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - María E Sarmiento
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rogelio Hernandez-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition "Salvador Zubiran", D.F. Mexico, Mexico
| | - Mohd-Nor Norazmi
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia; INFORMM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Xing J, Liu Z, Huang Y, Qin T, Bo R, Zheng S, Luo L, Huang Y, Niu Y, Wang D. Lentinan-Modified Carbon Nanotubes as an Antigen Delivery System Modulate Immune Response in Vitro and in Vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:19276-19283. [PMID: 27411887 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants enhance immunogenicity and sustain long-term immune responses. As vital components of vaccines, efficient adjuvants are highly desirable. Recent evidence regarding the potential of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to act as a support material has suggested that certain properties, such as their unique hollow structure, high specific surface area, and chemical stability, make CNTs desirable for a variety of antigen-delivery applications. Lentinan, a β-1,3-glucohexaose with β-1,6-branches that is extracted from the mushroom Lentinus edodes, is an effective immunostimulatory drug that has been clinically used in Japan and China, and recent studies have proved that specific beta-glucans can bind to various immune receptors. In this research, we covalently attached lentinan to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and tested their ability to enhance immune responses as a vaccine delivery system. In vitro study results showed that the nanotube constructs could rapidly enter dendritic cells and carry large amounts of antigen. Moreover, maturation markers were significantly upregulated versus the control. Thus, lentinan-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (L-MWCNTs) were regarded as an effective intracellular antigen depot and a catalyzer that could induce phenotypic and functional maturation of dendritic cells. Furthermore, compared with L-MWCNTs (35 μg/mL), a corresponding concentration of carboxylic carbon nanotubes (C-MWCNTs, 31.8 μg/mL) and an equivalent concentration of lentinan (3.2 μg/mL) did not remarkably influence the immune reaction in vitro or in vivo. Hence, we can hypothesize that the capability of L-MWCNTs was a consequence of the increased intracellular quantity of lentinan grafted onto the nanotubes. Overall, our studies demonstrated that L-MWCNTs significantly increased antigen accumulation in the cells and potentiated cellular and humoral immunity. In conclusion, L-MWCNTs constitute a potential vaccine delivery system to enhance immunogenicity for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xing
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhenguang Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yifan Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Ruonan Bo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Sisi Zheng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Li Luo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yee Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yale Niu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, PR China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002, PR China
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Siel D, Vidal S, Sevilla R, Paredes R, Carvallo F, Lapierre L, Maino M, Pérez O, Sáenz L. Effectiveness of an immunocastration vaccine formulation to reduce the gonadal function in female and male mice by Th1/Th2 immune response. Theriogenology 2016; 86:1589-1598. [PMID: 27344434 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Immunocastration has emerged as an alternative to surgical castration in different animal species. This study examined the effectiveness of a new vaccine formulation for immunocastration using the biopolymer chitosan as adjuvant. First, female and male mice (n = 4), in three subsequent experiments were vaccinated at Days 1 and 30 of the study, to determine the immune response profile and gonadal alterations due to immunization. The results demonstrated that the vaccine was able to elicit strong antibody responses against native GnRH hormone (P < 0.01), with a T helper (Th) 1/Th2 immune response profile. Along with this, a suppression of gonadal activity with a decrease of luteal bodies (1.08 ± 0.22 and 4.08 ± 0.39) and antral follicles (1.17 ± 0.32 and 4.5 ± 0.38) in the ovaries of immunized females and control, respectively, and a reduction of seminiferous tubules size (142.3 ± 5.58 mm and 198.0 ± 6.11 mm) and germinal cellular layers (3.58 ± 0.26 and 5.08 ± 0.29) of immunized males and control animals, respectively, were observed (P < 0.01). Then, in a study of long-term immune response due to vaccination in female and male mice (n = 4) from two subsequent experiments, a suppression of gonadal function and an induction of a Th1/Th2 immune response was also observed, determined by both, immunoglobulin and cytokine profiles, which lasted until the end of the study (7 months; P < 0.01). The findings of this study have demonstrated that vaccination with a new immunocastration vaccine inducing a Th1/Th2 immune response against GnRH (P < 0.01) elicit a decrease of gonadal function in male and female mice (P < 0.01). Owing to long-term duration of the antibody levels generated, this vaccine formulation appears as a promising alternative for immunocastration of several animal species where long-lasting reproductive block is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Siel
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sonia Vidal
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Sevilla
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Paredes
- Laboratory of Ecosystems' Health, Veterinary Medicine School, Faculty of Ecology and Natural Resources, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Carvallo
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California, San Bernardino, California, USA
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Maino
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oliver Pérez
- Immunology Department, ICBP and Faculty of Medical Science Victoria de Girón, University of Medical Science of Havana, Cuba
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Muraille E. The Unspecific Side of Acquired Immunity Against Infectious Disease: Causes and Consequences. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1525. [PMID: 26793171 PMCID: PMC4707229 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired immunity against infectious disease (AIID) has long been considered as strictly dependent on the B and T lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system. Consequently, AIID has been viewed as highly specific to the antigens expressed by pathogens. However, a growing body of data motivates revision of this central paradigm of immunology. Unrelated past infection, vaccination, and chronic infection have been found to induce cross-protection against numerous pathogens. These observations can be partially explained by the poly-specificity of antigenic T and B receptors, the Mackaness effect and trained immunity. In addition, numerous studies highlight the importance of microbiota composition on resistance to infectious disease via direct competition or modulation of the immune response. All of these data support the idea that a non-negligible part of AIID in nature can be nonspecific to the pathogens encountered and even of the antigens expressed by pathogens. As this protection may be dependent on the private T and B repertoires produced by the random rearrangement of genes, past immune history, chronic infection, and microbiota composition, it is largely unpredictable at the individual level. However, we can reasonably expect that a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms will allow us to statistically predict cross-protection at the population level. From an evolutionary perspective, selection of immune mechanisms allowing for partially nonspecific AIID would appear to be advantageous against highly polymorphic and rapidly evolving pathogens. This new emerging paradigm may have several important consequences on our understanding of individual infectious disease susceptibility and our conception of tolerance, vaccination and therapeutic strategies against infection and cancer. It also underscores the importance of viewing the microbiota and persisting infectious agents as integral parts of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Muraille
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de BruxellesBruxelles, Belgium
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Morris MC, Surendran N. Neonatal Vaccination: Challenges and Intervention Strategies. Neonatology 2016; 109:161-9. [PMID: 26757146 PMCID: PMC4749499 DOI: 10.1159/000442460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While vaccines have been tremendously successful in reducing the incidence of serious infectious diseases, newborns remain particularly vulnerable in the first few months of their life to life-threatening infections. A number of challenges exist to neonatal vaccination. However, recent advances in the understanding of neonatal immunology offer insights to overcome many of those challenges. OBJECTIVE This review will present an overview of the features of neonatal immunity which make vaccination difficult, survey the mechanisms of action of available vaccine adjuvants with respect to the unique features of neonatal immunity, and propose a possible mechanism contributing to the inability of neonates to generate protective immune responses to vaccines. METHODS We surveyed recent published findings on the challenges to neonatal vaccination and possible intervention strategies including the use of novel vaccine adjuvants to develop efficacious neonatal vaccines. RESULTS Challenges in the vaccination of neonates include interference from maternal antibody and excessive skewing towards Th2 immunity, which can be counteracted by the use of proper adjuvants. CONCLUSION Synergistic stimulation of multiple Toll-like receptors by incorporating well-defined agonist-adjuvant combinations to vaccines is a promising strategy to ensure a protective vaccine response in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Morris
- Research Institute, Rochester Regional Health Systems, Rochester, N.Y., USA
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McKee SJ, Bergot AS, Leggatt GR. Recent progress in vaccination against human papillomavirus-mediated cervical cancer. Rev Med Virol 2015; 25 Suppl 1:54-71. [PMID: 25752816 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been more than 7 years since the commercial introduction of highly successful vaccines protecting against high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes and the development of cervical cancer. From an immune standpoint, the dependence of cervical cancer on viral infection has meant that HPV proteins can be targeted as strong tumour antigens leading to clearance of the infection and the subsequent protection from cancer. Commercially available vaccines consisting of the L1 capsid protein assembled as virus-like particles (VLPs) induce neutralising antibodies that deny access of the virus to cervical epithelial cells. While greater than 90% efficacy has been demonstrated at the completion of large phase III trials in young women, vaccine developers are now addressing broader issues such as efficacy in boys, longevity of the protection and inducing cross-reactive antibody for oncogenic, non-vaccine HPV strains. For women with existing HPV infection, the prophylactic vaccines provide little protection, and consequently, the need for therapeutic vaccines will continue into the future. Therapeutic vaccines targeting HPVE6 and E7 proteins are actively being pursued with new adjuvants and delivery vectors, combined with an improved knowledge of the tumour microenvironment, showing great promise. This review will focus on recent progress in prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine development and implementation since the publication of end of study data from phase III clinical trials between 2010 and 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J McKee
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Delavari S, Sohrabi M, Ardestani MS, Faezi S, Tebianian M, Taghizadeh M, Shajiei A, Hosseini SY, Moghaddampour M, Mahdavi M. Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellin as an adjuvant: superiority of a conjugated form of flagellin versus a mixture with a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine candidate in the induction of immune responses. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:1361-1368. [PMID: 26404477 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the adjuvant activity of flagellin was compared, in the conjugated and mixed forms, against a peptide vaccine from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) p24-Nef vaccine candidate. Mice were immunized with the HIV-1 p24-Nef peptide with flagellin in both conjugated and mixed forms. Lymphocyte proliferation, CTL activity, and IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines were evaluated by bromodeoxyuridine, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester and ELISA methods, respectively. At the same time, the frequency of IFN-γ-producing T-lymphocytes, as well as total and isotype-specific antibodies, were assessed by ELISPOT and indirect ELISA, respectively. Our experimental results showed that the immunized mice with the HIV-1 p24-Nef conjugated or mixed forms of flagellin led to increases in the proliferative responses and Th1 cytokine pattern. The conjugated form of vaccine led to increased CTL activity and a Th1 cytokine pattern of immune responses, as well as an IgM isotype of humoral responses in comparison with the mixed form. The flagellin-conjugated vaccine seems to be more potent in increasing vaccine immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safura Delavari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Qom branch of Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sohrabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Qom branch of Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sobhan Faezi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Tebianian
- Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Morteza Taghizadeh
- Department of Medical Virology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arezoo Shajiei
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Younes Hosseini
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Moghaddampour
- Department of Medical Virology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Salazar-González JA, González-Ortega O, Rosales-Mendoza S. Gold nanoparticles and vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 14:1197-211. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1064772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alberto Salazar-González
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP, 78210, México
| | - Omar González-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP, 78210, México
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González Aznar E, Romeu B, Lastre M, Zayas C, Cuello M, Cabrera O, Valdez Y, Fariñas M, Pérez O. Mucosal and systemic immune responses induced by a single time vaccination strategy in mice. Can J Microbiol 2015; 61:531-8. [PMID: 26140382 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is considered by the World Health Organization as the most cost-effective strategy for controlling infectious diseases. In spite of great successes with vaccines, many infectious diseases are still leading killers, because of the inadequate coverage of many vaccines. Several factors have been responsible: number of doses, high vaccine reactogenicity, vaccine costs, vaccination policy, among others. Contradictorily, few vaccines are of single dose and even less of mucosal administration. However, more common infections occur via mucosa, where secretory immunoglobulin A plays an essential role. As an alternative, we proposed a novel protocol of vaccination called Single Time Vaccination Strategy (SinTimVaS) by immunizing 2 priming doses at the same time: one by mucosal route and the other by parenteral route. Here, the mucosal and systemic responses induced by Finlay adjuvants (AF Proteoliposome 1 and AF Cochleate 1) implementing SinTimVaS in BALB/c mice were evaluated. One intranasal dose of AF Cochleate 1 and an intramuscular dose of AF Proteoliposome 1 adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide, with bovine serum albumin or tetanus toxoid as model antigens, administrated at the same time, induced potent specific mucosal and systemic immune responses. Also, we demonstrated that SinTimVaS using other mucosal routes like oral and sublingual, in combination with the subcutaneous route elicits immune responses. SinTimVaS, as a new immunization strategy, could increase vaccination coverage and reduce time-cost vaccines campaigns, adding the benefits of immune response in mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belkis Romeu
- a Immunology Department, Finlay Institute, P.O. Box 16017, Havana, Cuba.,b Permanent Mission of Cuba, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Caridad Zayas
- a Immunology Department, Finlay Institute, P.O. Box 16017, Havana, Cuba
| | - Maribel Cuello
- a Immunology Department, Finlay Institute, P.O. Box 16017, Havana, Cuba
| | - Osmir Cabrera
- a Immunology Department, Finlay Institute, P.O. Box 16017, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yolanda Valdez
- a Immunology Department, Finlay Institute, P.O. Box 16017, Havana, Cuba.,d Animal Models Direction, Finlay Institute, P.O. Box 16017, Havana, Cuba
| | - Mildrey Fariñas
- a Immunology Department, Finlay Institute, P.O. Box 16017, Havana, Cuba.,d Animal Models Direction, Finlay Institute, P.O. Box 16017, Havana, Cuba
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Alexander-Miller MA. Vaccines against respiratory viral pathogens for use in neonates: opportunities and challenges. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 193:5363-9. [PMID: 25411431 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The first six months of life reflect a time of high susceptibility to severe disease following respiratory virus infection. Although this could be improved significantly by immunization, current vaccines are not approved for use in these very young individuals. This is the result of the combined effects of poor immune responsiveness and safety concerns regarding the use of live attenuated vaccines or potent adjuvants in this population. Vaccines to effectively combat respiratory viral infection ideally would result in robust CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses, as well as high-affinity Ab. Inclusion of TLR agonists or single-cycle viruses is an attractive approach for provision of signals that can act as potent stimulators of dendritic cell maturation, as well as direct activators of T and/or B cells. In this article, I discuss the challenges associated with generation of a robust immune response in neonates and the potential for adjuvants to overcome these obstacles.
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Lee SE, Nguyen CT, Kim SY, Thi TN, Rhee JH. Tetanus toxin fragment C fused to flagellin makes a potent mucosal vaccine. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2015; 4:59-67. [PMID: 25649002 PMCID: PMC4313110 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2015.4.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recombinant subunit vaccines provide safe and targeted protection against microbial infections. However, the protective efficacy of recombinant subunit vaccines tends to be less potent than the whole cell vaccines, especially when they are administered through mucosal routes. We have reported that a bacterial flagellin has strong mucosal adjuvant activity to induce protective immune responses. In this study, we tested whether FlaB could be used as a fusion partner of subunit vaccine for tetanus. MATERIALS AND METHODS We constructed fusion proteins consisted with tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC), the nontoxic C-terminal portion of tetanus toxin, and a Toll-like receptor 5 agonist from Vibrio vulnificus (FlaB). Mice were intranasally administered with fusion protein and protective immune responses of the vaccinated mice were analyzed. RESULTS FlaB-TTFC recombinant protein induced strong tetanus-specific antibody responses in both systemic and mucosal compartments and prolonged the survival of mice after challenge with a supra-lethal dose of tetanus toxin. CONCLUSION This study establishes FlaB as a successful fusion partner for recombinant subunit tetanus vaccine applicable through mucosal route, and it further endorses our previous observations that FlaB could be a stable adjuvant partner for mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shee Eun Lee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea. ; Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chung Truong Nguyen
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea. ; Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea. ; Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Thinh Nguyen Thi
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea. ; Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea. ; Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Bozó T, Brecska R, Gróf P, Kellermayer MSZ. Extreme resilience in cochleate nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:839-845. [PMID: 25521248 DOI: 10.1021/la504428x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cochleates, prospective nanoscale drug delivery vehicles, are rolls of negatively charged phospholipid membrane layers. The membrane layers are held together by calcium ions; however, neither the magnitude of membrane interaction forces nor the overall mechanical properties of cochleates have been known. Here, we manipulated individual nanoparticles with atomic force microscopy to characterize their nanomechanical behavior. Their stiffness (4.2-12.5 N/m) and membrane-rupture forces (45.3-278 nN) are orders of magnitude greater than those of the tough viral nanoshells. Even though the fundamental building material of cochleates is a fluid membrane, the combination of supramolecular geometry, the cross-linking action of calcium, and the tight packing of the ions apparently lead to extreme mechanical resilience. The supramolecular design of cochleates may provide efficient protection for encapsulated materials and give clues to understanding biomolecular structures of similar design, such as the myelinated axon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Bozó
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, and ‡MTA-SE Molecular Biophysics Research Group, Semmelweis University , Tűzoltó utca 37-47, Budapest 1094, Hungary
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Schwendener RA. Liposomes as vaccine delivery systems: a review of the recent advances. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN VACCINES 2014; 2:159-82. [PMID: 25364509 DOI: 10.1177/2051013614541440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes and liposome-derived nanovesicles such as archaeosomes and virosomes have become important carrier systems in vaccine development and the interest for liposome-based vaccines has markedly increased. A key advantage of liposomes, archaeosomes and virosomes in general, and liposome-based vaccine delivery systems in particular, is their versatility and plasticity. Liposome composition and preparation can be chosen to achieve desired features such as selection of lipid, charge, size, size distribution, entrapment and location of antigens or adjuvants. Depending on the chemical properties, water-soluble antigens (proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, haptens) are entrapped within the aqueous inner space of liposomes, whereas lipophilic compounds (lipopeptides, antigens, adjuvants, linker molecules) are intercalated into the lipid bilayer and antigens or adjuvants can be attached to the liposome surface either by adsorption or stable chemical linking. Coformulations containing different types of antigens or adjuvants can be combined with the parameters mentioned to tailor liposomal vaccines for individual applications. Special emphasis is given in this review to cationic adjuvant liposome vaccine formulations. Examples of vaccines made with CAF01, an adjuvant composed of the synthetic immune-stimulating mycobacterial cordfactor glycolipid trehalose dibehenate as immunomodulator and the cationic membrane forming molecule dimethyl dioctadecylammonium are presented. Other vaccines such as cationic liposome-DNA complexes (CLDCs) and other adjuvants like muramyl dipeptide, monophosphoryl lipid A and listeriolysin O are mentioned as well. The field of liposomes and liposome-based vaccines is vast. Therefore, this review concentrates on recent and relevant studies emphasizing current reports dealing with the most studied antigens and adjuvants, and pertinent examples of vaccines. Studies on liposome-based veterinary vaccines and experimental therapeutic cancer vaccines are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto A Schwendener
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, Laboratory of Liposome Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
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Lymphatic-targeted cationic liposomes: A robust vaccine adjuvant for promoting long-term immunological memory. Vaccine 2014; 32:5475-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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