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Zelaya C, Arriagada G, Galarce N, Sanchez F, Escobar B, Miranda M, Vilches R, Varela C, Ríos MP, Matus S, Sáenz L, Cornejo J, Lapierre L. A preliminary report on critical antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from healthy dogs in Chile during 2021-2022. Prev Vet Med 2024; 224:106139. [PMID: 38341943 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) represents one of the main current threats to global public health; where production animals, companion animals, humans, and the environment play a significant role in its dissemination. However, little attention has been given to companion animals as reservoirs and disseminators of relevant antimicrobial resistant bacteria, especially in South American countries such as Chile. For this reason, this research aimed to estimate the prevalence of AMR to different critical antibiotics at a screening level in commensal bacteria such as E. coli and Enterococcus spp., isolated from healthy pet dogs in the Metropolitan Region of Chile, studying their geographical distribution and evaluating associations of phenotypic resistance to different antibiotics. Thus, in E. coli we detected AMR to all critical drugs assessed, including 34.1% to amoxicillin, 20.1% to colistin, 15.7% to enrofloxacin, and 9.2% to cefotaxime. On the other hand, AMR prevalence in E. faecalis was 8.1% for ampicillin and 3.4% for vancomycin; while for E. faecium the AMR prevalence was 19.1% for ampicillin and 10.2% for vancomycin. Additionally, significant differences in prevalence of the different possible AMR were detected according to their geographical distribution, suggesting the existence of various risk factors and stressing the need to establish mitigation measures specific to the differences identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Zelaya
- Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Sciences, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Gabriel Arriagada
- Institute of Agri-food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, Chile
| | - Nicolás Galarce
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Andrés Bello University, Chile
| | - Fernando Sanchez
- Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Sciences, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Beatriz Escobar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Sciences, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Mauricio Miranda
- Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Sciences, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Rocío Vilches
- Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Sciences, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Camila Varela
- Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Sciences, University of Chile, Chile
| | - María Paz Ríos
- Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Sciences, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Sofia Matus
- Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Sciences, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Sciences, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Javiera Cornejo
- Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Sciences, University of Chile, Chile.
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Sciences, University of Chile, Chile.
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Pereira I, Paludo GP, Hidalgo C, Stoore C, Baquedano MS, Cabezas C, Cancela M, Ferreira HB, Bastías M, Riveros A, Meneses C, Sáenz L, Paredes R. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals immune evasion related genes in Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10126. [PMID: 38510493 PMCID: PMC10954194 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l). In the intermediate host, this disease is characterized by the growth of cysts in viscera such as liver and lungs, inside of which the parasite develops to the next infective stage known as protoscoleces. There are records that the infected viscera affect the development and morphology of E. granulosus s.l. protoscolex in hosts such as buffalo or humans. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive these differences remains unknown. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) using a set of RNAseq data obtained from E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) protoscoleces found in liver and lung cysts reveals 34 modules in protoscoleces of liver origin, of which 12 have differential co-expression from protoscoleces of lung origin. Three of these twelve modules contain hub genes related to immune evasion: tegument antigen, tegumental protein, ubiquitin hydrolase isozyme L3, COP9 signalosome complex subunit 3, tetraspanin CD9 antigen, and the methyl-CpG-binding protein Mbd2. Also, two of the twelve modules contain only hypothetical proteins with unknown orthology, which means that there are a group of unknown function proteins co-expressed inside the protoscolex of liver CE cyst origin. This is the first evidence of gene expression differences in protoscoleces from CE cysts found in different viscera, with co-expression networks that are exclusive to protoscoleces from liver CE cyst samples. This should be considered in the control strategies of CE, as intermediate hosts can harbor CE cysts in liver, lungs, or both organs simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Pereira
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Prado Paludo
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazi
| | - Christian Hidalgo
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Santiago Centro, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caroll Stoore
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Soledad Baquedano
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Cabezas
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martín Cancela
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazi
| | - Henrique Bunselmeyer Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazi
| | - Macarena Bastías
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aníbal Riveros
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Laboratorio de Vacunas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Paredes
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Quiroga J, Vidal S, Siel D, Caruffo M, Valdés A, Cabrera G, Lapierre L, Sáenz L. Novel Proteoliposome-Based Vaccine against E. coli: A Potential New Tool for the Control of Bovine Mastitis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192533. [PMID: 36230275 PMCID: PMC9558995 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mastitis is a highly prevalent disease in dairy cattle, affecting animal welfare and generating economic losses for the dairy industry. Control measures for coliform mastitis are limited, due to the constant exposure of the teat to bacteria and the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, making vaccination an important strategy for control of mastitis. However, currently available vaccines show limited efficacy, which could be attributed to inactivation processes that alter the antigenic preservation of the vaccines. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a novel vaccine against mastitis using proteoliposomes obtained from E. coli in a murine model of coliform mastitis. We demonstrated that the proteoliposome vaccine was safe, immunogenic and effective against an experimental model of E. coli mastitis, decreasing bacterial count and tissue damage. This proteoliposome vaccine is a potential new tool for prevention of mastitis. Abstract Escherichia coli is an important causative agent of clinical mastitis in cattle. Current available vaccines have shown limited protection. We evaluated the efficacy of a novel vaccine based on bacterial proteoliposomes derived from an E. coli field strain. Female BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with two doses of the vaccine, 3 weeks apart. Between days 5 and 8 after the first inoculation, the females were mated. At 5–8 days postpartum, the mice were intramammary challenged with the same E. coli strain. Two days after bacterial infection, mice were euthanized, and the mammary glands were examined and removed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the vaccine as well as the immune response generated by the new formulation. The vaccinated mice showed mild clinical symptoms and a lower mammary bacterial load as compared to non-vaccinated animals. The vaccination induced an increase in levels of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a against E. coli in blood and mammary glands that showed less inflammatory infiltration and tissue damage, as compared to the control group. In summary, the vaccine based on bacterial proteoliposomes is safe, immunogenic, and effective against E. coli, constituting a new potential tool for mastitis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Quiroga
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Sonia Vidal
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Daniela Siel
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370035, Chile
| | - Mario Caruffo
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8370003, Chile
| | - Andrea Valdés
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Cabrera
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Lissette Lapierre
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (L.S.); Tel.: +56-9229-785689 (L.S.)
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (L.S.); Tel.: +56-9229-785689 (L.S.)
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Guzmán M, Cádiz L, Guerrero-Moncayo A, Cáceres F, Vidal S, Lapierre L, Sáenz L, Hidalgo H. Molecular characterization of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus isolated in Chile reveals several mutations in VP2 coding region and a reassortment in its genome. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:1281-1289. [PMID: 35918572 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09956-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) is a well-described disease in young chickens. It is caused by the Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV), which has a bi-segmented, double-strand RNA genome. The absence of a lipidic envelope makes IBDV highly resistant to environmental conditions. Consequently, it is widely reported around the world. Fourteen samples retrieved from chickens exhibiting apparent alterations of the bursa of Fabricius between 2017 and 2021 were included in the study. These samples were passaged into embryonated eggs and the presence of IBD was confirmed through RT-PCR. The PCR products were sequenced and analyzed to characterize the Chilean IBDV isolates for comparison with GenBank sequences, including vaccines sequences currently used in Chile.Phylogenetic analysis classified the Chilean sequences as A1B1, except the sample 15002_CL_2021 which was classified as A2B1. On the other hand, all Chilean viruses were grouped as B1, based on viral segment B. Estimated evolutionary divergence between different genogroups supports these clustering. Moreover, samples 13936_CL_2017, 14038_CL_2017, 14083_CL_2017, 14145_CL_2018, 14431_CL_2019, and 14459_CL_2019 showed high similitude with the D78 and ViBursa CE vaccines (both currently used in Chile). Viruses 14010_CL_2018, 14040_CL_2017, 14514_CL_2019 and 14019_CL_2017 exhibited patterns that do not exactly fit either vaccine. Finally, viruses 15,041 N-_CL_2021, 15,041 N+_CL_2021, and 15004_CL_2021 showed even more differences regarding both vaccines.This is the first study in Chile to analyze the genetic sequences of IBDV isolates. The different assessments conducted as part of the study suggest a close relationship with vaccines currently in use. Interestingly, one of the viruses exhibited a reassortment in its genome segments, which could confer new characteristics to the virus. However, new approaches would be required to establish the origin of the isolated viruses, as well as how the recombination is changing its virulence or morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Guzmán
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, NIAVA. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de las Américas, Campus Maipu, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Avian Pathology, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leandro Cádiz
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, NIAVA. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de las Américas, Campus Maipu, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Avian Pathology, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Guerrero-Moncayo
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases Q5 (ACCDiS), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Cáceres
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sonia Vidal
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Avian Pathology, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, 8820808, Santiago, Chile.
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Rojas-Villarraga A, Rodríguez-Vargas GS, Rubio-Rubio JA, Bautista-Niño PK, Echeverri D, Gutiérrez-Castañeda LD, Sierra-Matamoros F, Navarrete S, Aparicio A, Sáenz L, Santos-Moreno P. AB0250 DESCRIPTION OF ARTERIAL STIFFNESS, INFLAMMAGING AND VASCULAR AGE IN A GROUP OF PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS UNDER A STRICT FOLLOW-UP COMPARED WITH UNCONTROLLED OSTEOARTHRITIS PATIENTS. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThe risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is higher than in individuals in the general population. The fundamental risk factor for CVD is age, related to alterations at the arterial level, called vascular aging reflected by arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunctionObjectivesThe aim of the study was to compare vascular age and arterial stiffness (PWV-Pulse Wave Velocity) in two groups of patients with RA and with osteoarthritis (OA) and to assess the influence of inflammaging (persistent low-grade inflammation that develops with age) and metabolic markers in these outcomes.MethodsAnalytical cross-sectional study. RA patients under a strict follow-up program (T2T evaluated every two months) and OA patients without strict clinical follow-up, evaluated once or twice a year, were included. Patients with history of uncontrolled hypertension, CVD and/or current smoking were excluded. Waist-hip ratio, body mass index (BMI), DAS28 (RA), C-Reactive protein (CRP), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), glycemia and lipid profile were measured. PWV and vascular age (in years) were evaluated through oscillometric method, arteriograph-TensioMed. Eleven proteins components of the inflammaging (cytokines, Matrix metalloproteinases - MMPs and its tissue inhibitors), were quantified through Luminex multiplex assay in serum samples. Univariate and bivariate analyzes (Chi-square and non-parametric correlations) were performed. Approval of Ethics Committee and informed consent were obtained.ResultsA total of 106 patients (74% women) were included (52/RA and 54/OA). Mean age was 57±5.6 years without differences between groups. There were significant differences in CRP and ESR (higher in RA) and in BMI, waist circumference and weight (higher in OA). RA patients had low disease activity level (DAS28: Median 2.6, IQR 1.3). There were no differences in PWV, vascular age or inflammaging (except for MMP-1, higher in RA), between the groups. PWV had a positive correlation with LDL (Rho Coef. 0.218 p=0.025). Patients who performed physical activity had a lower vascular age than those who did not [43 Interquartile range (IQR)23 vs 60 IQR 17, p=0.032). Vascular age was higher in RA patients who did not receive methotrexate 60 (IQR 19.3) compared with patients under methotrexate treatment 44.5 (IQR 23) (p = 0.017). Also, vascular age was lower in OA patients under prescribed physical activity (43 IQR 24.8 vs 56.5 IQR 20, p=0.03). MMP-9 in RA patients (Rho 0.283, p=0.042) and IL-10 in OA patients (Rho 0.290, p= 0.036) correlated with diastolic pressure. The components of inflammaging did not correlate with vascular age. The Framingham Risk Score was strongly associated with vascular age.Table 1.Significant correlations with vascular ageVariableSpearman’s Rhop-valueLDL levels0.2000.040Systolic blood pressure0.3000.002Mean arterial blood pressure0.2100.031Daily coffee cups intake-0.2120. 045Framingham Risk Score0.340<0.0001MDHAQ score in RA patients0.4170.002LDL: low density lipoprotein; MDHAQ: multidimensional health assessment questionnaire.ConclusionIn RA strictly controlled patients, there are no differences in endothelial dysfunction, vascular age or inflammaging, when comparing with uncontrolled overweight OA patients. Physical activity, LDL levels and coffee consumption corelate with vascular age in OA and RA patients. OA patients under physiatrists follow-up and RA patients under methotrexate treatment or with low MDHAQ levels have lower vascular age levels.References[1]Inflammaging as a link between autoimmunity and cardiovascular disease: the case of rheumatoid arthritis. Santos-Moreno P, Burgos-Angulo G, Martinez-Ceballos MA, et al Inflammaging as a link between autoimmunity and cardiovascular disease: the case of rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open. 2021 Jan;7(1):e001470Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Sáenz L, Guzmán M, Vidal S, Caruffo M, Siel D, Zayas C, Paredes R, Valenzuela C, Hidalgo H, Pérez O, Lapierre L. Efficacy of Multivalent, Cochleate-Based Vaccine against Salmonella Infantis, S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium in Laying Hens. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020226. [PMID: 35214684 PMCID: PMC8879397 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is an important foodborne pathogen. Commercial poultry are the main reservoirs of Salmonella enterica, leading to the contamination of food and outbreaks in humans. The vaccination of chickens is one of the most important strategies to reduce the number of Salmonella in poultry farms. Unfortunately, commercial vaccines have not been fully effective in controlling the spread and do not contain all the Salmonella serovars that circulate on farms. In this study, we evaluate a new, cochleate-based, trivalent injectable vaccine against S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Infantis, describing the vaccine security, capacity to induce specific anti-Salmonella serovar IgY and the gene expression of immune markers related to CD4 and CD8 T-cell-mediated immunity. Efficacy was evaluated through oral challenges performed separately for each Salmonella serotype. The efficacy and safety of the trivalent vaccine was proven under controlled conditions. The vaccine has no local or systemic reactions or adverse effects on poultry performance related to the vaccine. The vaccine provided significantly increased serum IgY titer levels, significantly reduced Salmonella CFU/g present in the cecum and an increased CD4+/CD8+ ratio in vaccinated animals when challenged with S. Infantis, S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium. These results indicate that this new trivalent vaccine does not generate adverse effects in poultry and produces an increase in neutralizing antibodies against the three Salmonella serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Sáenz
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (L.S.); (M.G.); (S.V.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (C.Z.); (C.V.); (H.H.)
| | - Miguel Guzmán
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (L.S.); (M.G.); (S.V.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (C.Z.); (C.V.); (H.H.)
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, NIAVA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Campus Maipú–Sede Santiago, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 9251454, Chile
| | - Sonia Vidal
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (L.S.); (M.G.); (S.V.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (C.Z.); (C.V.); (H.H.)
| | - Mario Caruffo
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (L.S.); (M.G.); (S.V.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (C.Z.); (C.V.); (H.H.)
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8370003, Chile
| | - Daniela Siel
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (L.S.); (M.G.); (S.V.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (C.Z.); (C.V.); (H.H.)
| | - Caridad Zayas
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (L.S.); (M.G.); (S.V.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (C.Z.); (C.V.); (H.H.)
| | - Rodolfo Paredes
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370035, Chile;
| | - Carolina Valenzuela
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (L.S.); (M.G.); (S.V.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (C.Z.); (C.V.); (H.H.)
| | - Héctor Hidalgo
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (L.S.); (M.G.); (S.V.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (C.Z.); (C.V.); (H.H.)
| | - Oliver Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas Y Preclínicas “Victoria de Girón”, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Havana 10600, Cuba;
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (L.S.); (M.G.); (S.V.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (C.Z.); (C.V.); (H.H.)
- Lisette Lapierre, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Pereira I, Hidalgo C, Stoore C, Baquedano MS, Cabezas C, Bastías M, Riveros A, Meneses C, Cancela M, Ferreira HB, Sáenz L, Paredes R. Transcriptome analysis of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto protoscoleces reveals differences in immune modulation gene expression between cysts found in cattle and sheep. Vet Res 2022; 53:8. [PMID: 35090558 PMCID: PMC8796354 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic parasitic disease, is caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. CE inflicts severe damage in cattle, sheep, and human hosts worldwide. Fertile CE cysts are characterized by the presence of viable protoscoleces. These parasite forms are studied with minimal contamination with host molecules. Hosts, cattle and sheep, show differences in their CE cyst fertility. The effect of the host in protoscolex transcriptome is not known. We genotyped and performed transcriptomic analysis on sheep protoscoleces obtained from liver and lung CE cysts. The transcriptomic data of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto protoscoleces from 6 lung CE cysts and 6 liver CE cysts were Collected. For host comparison analysis, 4 raw data files belonging to Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto protoscoleces from cattle liver CE cysts were obtained from the NCBI SRA database. Principal component and differential expression analysis did not reveal any statistical differences between protoscoleces obtained from liver or lung cysts, either within the same sheep or different sheep hosts. Conversely, there are significant differences between cattle and sheep protoscolex samples. We found differential expression of immune-related genes. In cattle, 7 genes were upregulated in protoscoleces from liver cysts. In sheep, 3 genes were upregulated in protoscoleces from liver and lung CE cysts. Noteworthy, are the differential expression of antigen B, tegument antigen, and arginase-2 in samples obtained from sheep CE cysts, and basigin in samples from cattle CE cysts. These findings suggest that the host species is an important factor involved in the differential expression of immune related genes, which in turn is possibly related to the fertility of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Pereira
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Campus Sur Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Hidalgo
- Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales (ICA3), Universidad de O'Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
| | - Caroll Stoore
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Soledad Baquedano
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Cabezas
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Bastías
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aníbal Riveros
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martín Cancela
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Henrique Bunselmeyer Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Laboratorio de Vacunas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Paredes
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
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8
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Avendaño C, Vidal S, Villamizar-Sarmiento MG, Guzmán M, Hidalgo H, Lapierre L, Valenzuela C, Sáenz L. Encapsulation of Cochleates Derived from Salmonella Infantis with Biopolymers to Develop a Potential Oral Poultry Vaccine. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3426. [PMID: 34641241 PMCID: PMC8512329 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and characterize Salmonellaenterica serovar Infantis (S. Infantis) cochleates protected by encapsulation technology as a potential vaccine and to determine its safety in pullets. Cochleates were encapsulated by two technologies, spray drying and ionotropic gelation at different concentrations (0-15% v/v), and were characterized by physicochemical properties, protein content and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The cochleates were white liquid suspensions with tubular shapes and a protein content of 1.0-2.1 mg/mL. After encapsulation by spray drying, microparticles ranged in size from 10.4-16.9 µm, were spherical in shape, and the protein content was 0.7-1.8 mg/g. After encapsulation by ionotropic gelation, beads ranged in size from 1620-1950 µm and were spherical in shape with a protein content of 1.0-2.5 mg/g. FTIR analysis indicated that both encapsulation processes were efficient. The cochleates encapsulated by ionotropic gelation were then tested for safety in pullets. No ill effect on the health of animals was observed upon physical or postmortem examination. In conclusion, this study was the first step in developing a potential oral S. Infantis vaccine safe for poultry using a novel cochleate encapsulation technology. Future studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Avendaño
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (C.A.); (S.V.); (M.G.V.-S.); (M.G.); (H.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Sonia Vidal
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (C.A.); (S.V.); (M.G.V.-S.); (M.G.); (H.H.); (L.L.)
| | - María Gabriela Villamizar-Sarmiento
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (C.A.); (S.V.); (M.G.V.-S.); (M.G.); (H.H.); (L.L.)
- Department of Sciences and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Miguel Guzmán
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (C.A.); (S.V.); (M.G.V.-S.); (M.G.); (H.H.); (L.L.)
- Nucleus of Applied Research in Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences, NIAVA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 9250000, Chile
| | - Héctor Hidalgo
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (C.A.); (S.V.); (M.G.V.-S.); (M.G.); (H.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (C.A.); (S.V.); (M.G.V.-S.); (M.G.); (H.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Carolina Valenzuela
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (C.A.); (S.V.); (M.G.V.-S.); (M.G.); (H.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (C.A.); (S.V.); (M.G.V.-S.); (M.G.); (H.H.); (L.L.)
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9
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Caruffo M, Vidal S, Santis L, Siel D, Pérez O, Huenchullan PR, Sáenz L. Effectiveness of a proteoliposome-based vaccine against salmonid rickettsial septicaemia in Oncorhynchus mykiss. Vet Res 2021; 52:111. [PMID: 34425904 PMCID: PMC8382212 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonid rickettsial septicaemia (SRS) is a contagious disease caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis, an intracellular bacterium. SRS causes an estimated economic loss of $700 million USD to the Chilean industry annually. Vaccination and antibiotic therapy are the primary prophylactic and control measures used against SRS. Unfortunately, commercially available SRS vaccines have not been shown to have a significant effect on reducing mortality. Most vaccines contain whole inactivated bacteria which results in decreased efficacy due to the limited ability of the vaccine to evoke a cellular mediated immune response that can eliminate the pathogen or infected cells. In addition, SRS vaccine efficacy has been evaluated primarily with Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon). Vaccine studies using Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) are scarce, despite SRS being the leading cause of infectious death for this species. In this study, we evaluate an injectable vaccine based on P. salmonis proteoliposome; describing the vaccine security profile, capacity to induce specific anti-P. salmonis IgM and gene expression of immune markers related to T CD8 cell-mediated immunity. Efficacy was determined by experimental challenge with P. salmonis intraperitoneally. Our findings indicate that a P. salmonis proteoliposome-based vaccine is able to protect O. mykiss against challenge with a P. salmonis Chilean isolate and causes a specific antibody response. The transcriptional profile suggests that the vaccine is capable of inducing cellular immunity. This study provides new insights into O. mykiss protection and the immune response induced by a P. salmonis proteoliposome-based vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Caruffo
- NGEN LAB S.A, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Vacunas Veterinarias, Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sonia Vidal
- Laboratorio de Vacunas Veterinarias, Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Santis
- Laboratorio de Vacunas Veterinarias, Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Siel
- Laboratorio de Vacunas Veterinarias, Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oliver Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas Y Preclínicas "Victoria de Girón", Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Laboratorio de Vacunas Veterinarias, Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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10
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Jiménez M, Hidalgo C, Stoore C, Corrêa F, Pereira I, Hernández M, Sáenz L, Benavides J, Ferreras MC, Royo M, Paredes R. Fasciola hepatica co-infection enhances Th1 immune response in the adventitial layer of non-fertile Echinococcus granulosus cysts. Vet Parasitol 2021; 290:109343. [PMID: 33422750 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. In intermediary hosts, two types of echinococcal cysts can be found: fertile, which produce protoscoleces, the infective form of the parasite to dogs; and infertile, that do not present protoscoleces and therefore are not able to continue with the parasite life cycle. The adventitial layer, the local immune response against the cyst, plays an important role in cyst fertility. Grazing cattle can often feature Fasciola hepatica co-infection, a parasite known to modulate the host systemic immune response. In this work the cellular Th1/Th2 immune profiles were evaluated in the adventitial layer of fertile and non-fertile cysts with and without co-infection with Fasciola hepatica. Measuring with immunohistochemistry and qPCR in adventitial layer, we report that non-fertile cysts present higher levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ (P < 0.0001) and TNF-α (P < 0.05)), and fertile cysts have higher levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 (P < 0.001)). Co-infection with Fasciola hepatica is associated with a decrease in the expression of IL-4 (P < 0.05) and an increase in the expression of IFN-γ (P < 0.0001) in the adventitial layer of fertile cysts. Non-fertile cysts were associated with higher levels of Th1 cytokines in the adventitial layer, with IFN-γ expression enhanced by F. hepatica co-infection (P < 0.0001), confirming that polyparasitism should be considered in the treatment and control of naturally infected cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Biotecnología, LIMOR de Colombia S.A.S, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Christian Hidalgo
- Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales (ICA3), Universidad de O'Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
| | - Caroll Stoore
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Corrêa
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ismael Pereira
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal y Departamento de Patología y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio Benavides
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - M Carmen Ferreras
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - Marcos Royo
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Paredes
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
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11
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Lapierre L, Cornejo J, Zavala S, Galarce N, Sánchez F, Benavides MB, Guzmán M, Sáenz L. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Virulence Factors and Susceptibility to Antibiotics in Salmonella Infantis Strains Isolated from Chicken Meat: First Findings in Chile. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10061049. [PMID: 32570768 PMCID: PMC7341295 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Salmonella Infantis (S. Infantis) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans and animals, with poultry being its main reservoir. This pathogen has emerged over the last few decades in different countries, causing outbreaks in humans subsequent to foodborne transmission. It is important to be able to characterize this pathogen in order to establish control measures in the poultry industry. In this study, we investigated the presence of virulence genes, biofilm formation abilities, antibiotic resistance genes, and antibiotic susceptibility in S. Infantis. The results showed that the S. Infantis strains isolated from chicken meat for sale in supermarkets in Santiago, Chile are multidrug-resistant (MDR) and contain virulence genes, making them pathogenic. Thus, Salmonella Infantis should be under surveillance in the poultry food production chain with the aim of protecting public health. Abstract Salmonella Infantis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans and animals, with poultry being its main reservoir. In Chile, there are no data to characterize S. Infantis strains in poultry production. In this study, 87 S. Infantis strains were isolated from chicken meat for sale in supermarkets in Santiago, Chile, and characterized according to their virulence genes, biofilm formation abilities, antibiotic susceptibility, and resistance genes. Through polymerase chain reaction or PCR, the strains were analyzed to detect the presence of 11 virulence genes, 12 antibiotic resistance genes, and integrase genes. Moreover, disc diffusion susceptibility to 18 antimicrobials and the ability to form biofilm in vitro were evaluated. Results demonstrated six different virulence gene profiles. Ninety-four percent of the strains were multi-resistant to antibiotics with weak biofilm formation abilities, 63.2% of the strains were broad spectrum β- lactam resistant, and the blaCTX-M-65 gene was amplified in 13 strains. Only 3.4% of the strains were fluoroquinolone resistant, and the qnrB gene was amplified in two strains. Colistin resistance was exhibited in 28.7% of the strains, but mrc genes were not amplified in any strain under study. The isolated S. Infantis strains are pathogenic and antibiotic multi-resistant, and thus, this Salmonella serotype should be under surveillance in the poultry food production chain with the aim of protecting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Lapierre
- Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (J.C.); (S.Z.); (N.G.); (F.S.); (M.B.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-229-785-615
| | - Javiera Cornejo
- Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (J.C.); (S.Z.); (N.G.); (F.S.); (M.B.B.)
| | - Sebastián Zavala
- Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (J.C.); (S.Z.); (N.G.); (F.S.); (M.B.B.)
| | - Nicolás Galarce
- Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (J.C.); (S.Z.); (N.G.); (F.S.); (M.B.B.)
| | - Fernando Sánchez
- Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (J.C.); (S.Z.); (N.G.); (F.S.); (M.B.B.)
| | - María Belén Benavides
- Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (J.C.); (S.Z.); (N.G.); (F.S.); (M.B.B.)
| | - Miguel Guzmán
- Laboratory of Avian Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
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12
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Abstract
By presenting the most comprehensive GlObal geOreferenced Database of Dams to date containing more than 38,000 dams as well as their associated catchments, we enable new and improved global analyses of the impact of dams on society and environment and the impact of environmental change (for example land use and climate change) on the catchments of dams. This paper presents the development of the global database through systematic digitisation of satellite imagery globally by a small team and highlights the various approaches to bias estimation and to validation of the data. The following datasets are provided (a) raw digitised coordinates for the location of dam walls (that may be useful for example in machine learning approaches to dam identification from imagery), (b) a global vector file of the watershed for each dam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mulligan
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
- Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University (MTU), Houghton, USA
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13
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Jiménez M, Stoore C, Hidalgo C, Corrêa F, Hernández M, Benavides J, Ferreras MC, Sáenz L, Paredes R. Lymphocyte Populations in the Adventitial Layer of Hydatid Cysts in Cattle: Relationship With Cyst Fertility Status and Fasciola Hepatica Co-Infection. Vet Pathol 2019; 57:108-114. [PMID: 31526120 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819875721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. Two types of hydatid cysts occur in intermediate hosts: fertile cysts that generate protoscoleces from the germinal layer of the cyst, and infertile cysts that do not produce protoscoleces and are unable to continue the life cycle of the parasite. The adventitial layer, a host-derived fibrous capsule surrounding the hydatid cyst, is suggested to play an important role in local immune regulation during infection and in fertility of the cysts. Fasciola hepatica, another important parasite of cattle, induces a characteristic Th2-like immune response that could modulate the immune response against E. granulosus. Natural co-infection of both parasites is common in cattle, but no reports describe the local immune response against E. granulosus with F. hepatica infection in the same host. This study analyzed the number and distribution of T and B cells in the adventitial layer of liver and lung cysts and the relationship with cyst fertility and F. hepatica co-infection. T lymphocytes were the predominant cell type in the adventitial layer of infertile hydatid cysts and were more numerous in infertile hydatid cysts. B lymphocyte numbers were not associated with hydatid cyst fertility. Mast cells were infrequent in the adventitial layer. The number of T and B cells was not associated with F. hepatica co-infection. The present study contributes to the understanding of local immune responses in bovine cystic echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caroll Stoore
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Felipe Corrêa
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile
| | - J Benavides
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - M C Ferreras
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Paredes
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Guzmán M, Sáenz L, Hidalgo H. Molecular and Antigenic Characterization of GI-13 and GI-16 Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolated in Chile from 2009 to 2017 Regarding 4/91 Vaccine Introduction. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9090656. [PMID: 31491868 PMCID: PMC6770500 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The high adaptation and recombination abilities of infectious bronchitis virus (IB) have been proven. This study aims to verify the genetic and antigenic variation of eight field IB strains regarding the 4/91 strain vaccination in Chilean chickens. Phylogenetic, serologic and challenge studies were carried out to accomplish this goal. The genetic analyses indicate that all the viruses isolated prior to the 4/91 introduction belong to the genetic group GI-16 (three isolates from 2009). On the other hand, just one of the viruses isolated after the 4/91 strain vaccine introduction in Chile (in 2015) showed relationship with GI-16 lineage. The remaining four viruses (from 2017) belong to GI-13, the group where the strain 4/91 has been previously classified. Three viruses were chosen to perform antigenic and protective studies. Antigenically, the high relationship between the 4/91 vaccine with the isolate from 2017 is remarkable and could not be observed with isolates from 2009 and 2015. The 4/91 vaccine also showed better protection against the isolate from 2017 than isolates from 2009 and 2015. These results suggest that the introduction of the 4/91 vaccine in Chile could imply a change in some viruses, showing its ability to interact with field viruses, so it is important to monitor the circulating viruses and include these results in future governmental decisions. Abstract The introduction of the 4/91 vaccine against infectious bronchitis in Chile, a lineage not described until that time in the country, led to looking for changes induced by this action. This study considers eight isolates obtained from 2009, 2015 and 2017 and uses a maximum likelihood approach to classify the field isolates. Three isolates were selected to analyze antigenic relationships through a virus neutralization test and to perform protection tests measured trough an RT-qPCR. The isolates from 2009 and 2015 showed a relationship with GI-16 while those from 2017 were related to GI-13. Though the field isolates were classified in two different phylogenetic lineages, all of them showed only minor variations in subtype. The 13885R-17 isolate from 2017 exhibited high antigenic relatedness to the 4/91 vaccine. As expected, 4/91 and Massachusetts vaccines were not antigenically related. Vaccinated birds with the 4/91 vaccine showed less tracheal virus replication for the 13885R-17 from 2017 challenge than for the 12101SP-09 from 2009 and 13347SP-15 from 2015 isolates. The results indicated genetic and antigenic diversity in the most recent infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolates in Chile. Moreover, the 4/91 vaccine would be involved in the generation of some current field viruses, which must be considered in vaccination programs and public policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Guzmán
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Campus Sur Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
- Department of Animal Pathology, Laboratory of Avian Pathology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
| | - Héctor Hidalgo
- Department of Animal Pathology, Laboratory of Avian Pathology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
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15
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Farfán M, Lártiga N, Benavides MB, Alegría-Morán R, Sáenz L, Salcedo C, Lapierre L. Capacity to adhere to and invade human epithelial cells, as related to the presence of virulence genes in, motility of, and biofilm formation of Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from chicken and cattle. Can J Microbiol 2018; 65:126-134. [PMID: 30339767 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a zoonotic pathogen transmitted through the "farm to fork" route. Outbreaks are generally associated with the consumption of chicken meat; however, dairy cows, birds, wild and domestic food animals, and pets are other important sources. Currently, there are not enough data comparing the virulence of strains isolated from these reservoirs. In this study, we compared C. jejuni strains isolated from broiler chickens and dairy cattle by determining their ability to adhere to and invade in vitro human colonic epithelial cells in the T84 cell line with their motility, formation of biofilms, and presence of eight virulence genes. A Wilcoxon Rank Sum test was performed to establish the relationship between presence of the studied genes and cellular invasion and adhesion, as well as differences between the animal species of origin of the isolate. A Spearman correlation was performed to assess the relationship between invasion and motility, along with invasion and biofilm generation. The virB11 gene was positively associated with the adherence capacity of the strains (mean difference = 0.21, p = 0.006), and strains isolated from chickens showed a significant difference for adherence compared with strains isolated from cattle (p = 0.0001). Our results indicate that strains of C. jejuni have a difference in their adherence capacity depending on the animal reservoir from which they came, with chicken isolates displaying higher virulence than dairy cattle isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Farfán
- a Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Antonio Varas 360, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Lártiga
- a Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Antonio Varas 360, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.,b Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Belén Benavides
- b Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Alegría-Morán
- b Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- b Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristal Salcedo
- b Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- b Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
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González-Sánchez MR, Cascales-Campos PA, López-Espín JJ, Febrero B, Pons JA, Vargas Acosta A, Ros J, Sánchez-Bueno F, Robles R, Sáenz L, Ramírez P, Parilla P. Donors Older Than 75 Years Do Not Influence the Appearance of Biliary Complications After Liver Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:640-643. [PMID: 29579875 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, several studies have shown that the age of the donor may be related to an increase in the occurrence of biliary complications (BCs), which remain the main cause of morbidity after liver transplantation. This study analyzed the type and management of these BCs, the impact of BCs on graft and patient survival rates, and the influence of some characteristics of donors and recipients on BC appearance in patients transplanted with donors 75 years of age or older. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 2003 to 2016, 100 liver transplantations with donors 75 years of age or older (15.6%) were performed in our hospital. The data were compared with a control group of 400 patients with younger donors (case-control 1:4 per chronology). RESULTS The BC rate in the group of patients transplanted with organs from elderly donors was 18%, compared to 21.5% in the control group. Specifically, in the immediate post-transplantation period, 14% of the elderly donor group and 13.8% of the control group presented some BCs, with no statistically significant differences in the incidence, type, and treatment of BCs between the two groups. The occurrence of BCs was not a factor associated with graft and patient survival rates. In the global population, donor death by cerebral vascular accident and male donors have influenced the occurrence of BCs. CONCLUSIONS The advanced age of the donor has not influenced BC rates after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R González-Sánchez
- Transplant Unit, General Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IMIB), Murcia, Spain.
| | - P A Cascales-Campos
- Transplant Unit, General Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - J J López-Espín
- Operation Research Institute, University of Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - B Febrero
- Transplant Unit, General Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - J A Pons
- Transplant Unit, General Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - A Vargas Acosta
- Transplant Unit, General Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - J Ros
- Transplant Unit, General Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - F Sánchez-Bueno
- Transplant Unit, General Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - R Robles
- Transplant Unit, General Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - L Sáenz
- Clinical Analysis Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - P Ramírez
- Transplant Unit, General Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - P Parilla
- Transplant Unit, General Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
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17
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Siel D, Loaiza A, Vidal S, Caruffo M, Paredes R, Ramirez G, Lapierre L, Briceño C, Pérez O, Sáenz L. The immune profile induced is crucial to determine the effects of immunocastration over gonadal function, fertility, and GnRH-I expression. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 79. [PMID: 29048721 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Immunocastration or vaccination against the GnRH-I hormone is a promising alternative to reproductive control in different animal species. Given the low immunogenicity of this hormone, the use of adjuvants becomes necessary. METHOD OF STUDY This study evaluated the effects of three adjuvants that induce different immune response profiles over gonadal function, fertility, and expression of GnRH-I. Female mice (n = 6) were vaccinated at days 1 and 30 with a recombinant antigen for immunocastration and different adjuvants that induced preferentially Th1/Th2, Th2, and Th1 immune profiles. RESULTS Th1/Th2 response is the most efficient to block reproductive activity in vaccinated animals, reducing the number of luteal bodies and pre-ovulatory follicles. Th2 and Th1/Th2 responses induced an increase in GnRH-I at the hypothalamus. CONCLUSION The immune profile induced by different adjuvants is essential on the effects over fertility, gonadal function, and hypothalamic GnRH-I expression in immunocastrated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Siel
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexandra Loaiza
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sonia Vidal
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Caruffo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Paredes
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Galia Ramirez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Briceño
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oliver Pérez
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas "Victoria de Girón", Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Ramirez P, Sáenz L, Cascales-Campos P, González Sánchez M, Llàcer-Millán E, Sánchez-Lorencio M, Díaz-Rubio E, De La Orden V, Mediero-Valeros B, Navarro J, Revilla Nuin B, Baroja-Mazo A, Noguera-Velasco J, Sánchez B, de la Peña J, Pons-Miñano J, Sánchez-Bueno F, Robles-Campos R, Parrilla P. Oncological Evaluation by Positron-emission Tomography, Circulating Tumor Cells and Alpha Fetoprotein in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma on the Waiting List for Liver Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:2962-2965. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Lapierre L, Gatica MA, Riquelme V, Vergara C, Yañez JM, San Martín B, Sáenz L, Vidal M, Martínez MC, Araya P, Flores R, Duery O, Vidal R. Characterization of Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Its Association with Virulence Genes Related to Adherence, Invasion, and Cytotoxicity inCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coliIsolates from Animals, Meat, and Humans. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 22:432-44. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Lapierre
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María A. Gatica
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Riquelme
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Vergara
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Manuel Yañez
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Betty San Martín
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maricel Vidal
- Environmental Health Department, Ministry of Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Pamela Araya
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Flores
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Duery
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Vidal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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20
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Siel D, Vidal S, Sevilla R, Paredes R, Carvallo F, Lapierre L, Maino M, Pérez O, Sáenz L. Effectiveness of an immunocastration vaccine formulation to reduce the gonadal function in female and male mice by Th1/Th2 immune response. Theriogenology 2016; 86:1589-1598. [PMID: 27344434 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Immunocastration has emerged as an alternative to surgical castration in different animal species. This study examined the effectiveness of a new vaccine formulation for immunocastration using the biopolymer chitosan as adjuvant. First, female and male mice (n = 4), in three subsequent experiments were vaccinated at Days 1 and 30 of the study, to determine the immune response profile and gonadal alterations due to immunization. The results demonstrated that the vaccine was able to elicit strong antibody responses against native GnRH hormone (P < 0.01), with a T helper (Th) 1/Th2 immune response profile. Along with this, a suppression of gonadal activity with a decrease of luteal bodies (1.08 ± 0.22 and 4.08 ± 0.39) and antral follicles (1.17 ± 0.32 and 4.5 ± 0.38) in the ovaries of immunized females and control, respectively, and a reduction of seminiferous tubules size (142.3 ± 5.58 mm and 198.0 ± 6.11 mm) and germinal cellular layers (3.58 ± 0.26 and 5.08 ± 0.29) of immunized males and control animals, respectively, were observed (P < 0.01). Then, in a study of long-term immune response due to vaccination in female and male mice (n = 4) from two subsequent experiments, a suppression of gonadal function and an induction of a Th1/Th2 immune response was also observed, determined by both, immunoglobulin and cytokine profiles, which lasted until the end of the study (7 months; P < 0.01). The findings of this study have demonstrated that vaccination with a new immunocastration vaccine inducing a Th1/Th2 immune response against GnRH (P < 0.01) elicit a decrease of gonadal function in male and female mice (P < 0.01). Owing to long-term duration of the antibody levels generated, this vaccine formulation appears as a promising alternative for immunocastration of several animal species where long-lasting reproductive block is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Siel
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sonia Vidal
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Sevilla
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Paredes
- Laboratory of Ecosystems' Health, Veterinary Medicine School, Faculty of Ecology and Natural Resources, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Carvallo
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California, San Bernardino, California, USA
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Maino
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oliver Pérez
- Immunology Department, ICBP and Faculty of Medical Science Victoria de Girón, University of Medical Science of Havana, Cuba
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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21
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Winemiller KO, McIntyre PB, Castello L, Fluet-Chouinard E, Giarrizzo T, Nam S, Baird IG, Darwall W, Lujan NK, Harrison I, Stiassny MLJ, Silvano RAM, Fitzgerald DB, Pelicice FM, Agostinho AA, Gomes LC, Albert JS, Baran E, Petrere M, Zarfl C, Mulligan M, Sullivan JP, Arantes CC, Sousa LM, Koning AA, Hoeinghaus DJ, Sabaj M, Lundberg JG, Armbruster J, Thieme ML, Petry P, Zuanon J, Torrente Vilara G, Snoeks J, Ou C, Rainboth W, Pavanelli CS, Akama A, van Soesbergen A, Sáenz L. Balancing hydropower and biodiversity in the Amazon, Congo, and Mekong. Science 2016; 351:128-9. [PMID: 26744397 DOI: 10.1126/science.aac7082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - P B McIntyre
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - L Castello
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | | | - T Giarrizzo
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - S Nam
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - I G Baird
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - W Darwall
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - N K Lujan
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - I Harrison
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | | | | | | | - F M Pelicice
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | | | - L C Gomes
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - J S Albert
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - E Baran
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - M Petrere
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - C Zarfl
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - M Mulligan
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - J P Sullivan
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - C C Arantes
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - L M Sousa
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - A A Koning
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | | | - M Sabaj
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - J G Lundberg
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - J Armbruster
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - M L Thieme
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - P Petry
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - J Zuanon
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | | | - J Snoeks
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - C Ou
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | - W Rainboth
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | | | - A Akama
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
| | | | - L Sáenz
- See supplementary materials for author affiliations
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22
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Dueñas F, Becerra V, Cortes Y, Vidal S, Sáenz L, Palomino J, De Los Reyes M, Peralta OA. Hepatogenic and neurogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from abattoir-derived bovine fetuses. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:154. [PMID: 25011474 PMCID: PMC4098697 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent progenitor cells characterized by their ability to both self-renew and differentiate into tissues of mesodermal origin. The plasticity or transdifferentiation potential of MSC is not limited to mesodermal derivatives, since under appropriate cell culture conditions and stimulation by bioactive factors, MSC have also been differentiated into endodermal (hepatocytes) and neuroectodermal (neurons) cells. The potential of MSC for hepatogenic and neurogenic differentiation has been well documented in different animal models; however, few reports are currently available on large animal models. In the present study we sought to characterize the hepatogenic and neurogenic differentiation and multipotent potential of bovine MSC (bMSC) isolated from bone marrow (BM) of abattoir-derived fetuses. Results Plastic-adherent bMSC isolated from fetal BM maintained a fibroblast-like morphology under monolayer culture conditions. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that bMSC populations were positive for MSC markers CD29 and CD73 and pluripotency markers OCT4 and NANOG; whereas, were negative for hematopoietic markers CD34 and CD45. Levels of mRNA of hepatic genes α-fetoprotein (AFP), albumin (ALB), alpha1 antitrypsin (α1AT), connexin 32 (CNX32), tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) and cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) were up-regulated in bMSC during a 28-Day period of hepatogenic differentiation. Functional analyses in differentiated bMSC cultures evidenced an increase (P < 0.05) in albumin and urea production and glycogen storage. bMSC cultured under neurogenic conditions expressed NESTIN and MAP2 proteins at 24 h of culture; whereas, at 144 h also expressed TRKA and PrPC. Levels of MAP2 and TRKA mRNA were up-regulated at the end of the differentiation period. Conversely, bMSC expressed lower levels of NANOG mRNA during both hepatogenic and neurogenic differentiation processes. Conclusion The expression patterns of linage-specific markers and the production of functional metabolites support the potential for hepatogenic and neurogenic differentiation of bMSC isolated from BM of abattoir-derived fetuses. The simplicity of isolation and the potential to differentiate into a wide variety of cell lineages lays the foundation for bMSC as an interesting alternative for investigation in MSC biology and eventual applications for regenerative therapy in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Oscar A Peralta
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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23
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Paredes R, Godoy P, Rodríguez B, García MP, Cabezón C, Cabrera G, Jiménez V, Hellman U, Sáenz L, Ferreira A, Galanti N. Bovine (Bos taurus) humoral immune response against Echinococcus granulosus and hydatid cyst infertility. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:189-99. [PMID: 21117064 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus, the agent of hydatid disease, presents an indirect life cycle, with canines (mainly dogs) as definitive hosts, and herbivores and human as intermediary ones. In intermediary hosts fertile and infertile cysts develop, but only the first ones develop protoscoleces, the parasite form infective to definitive hosts. We report the presence of bovine IgGs in the germinal layer from infertile cysts (GLIC), in an order of magnitude greater than in the germinal layer from fertile cysts (GLFC). When extracted with salt solutions, bovine IgGs from GLIC are associated with low or with high affinity (most likely corresponding to non specific and antigen specific antibodies, respectively). Specific IgGs penetrate both the cells of the germinal layer and HeLa cultured cells and recognize parasitic proteins. These results, taken together with previous ones from our laboratory, showing induction of apoptosis in the germinal layer of infertile hydatid cysts, provide the first coherent explanation of the infertility process. They also offer the possibility of identifying the parasite antigens recognized, as possible targets for immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Paredes
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
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24
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Sáenz L, Azpeitia A, Oropeza C, Jones LH, Fuchsova K, Spichal L, Strnad M. Endogenous cytokinins in Cocos nucifera L. in vitro cultures obtained from plumular explants. Plant Cell Rep 2010; 29:1227-1234. [PMID: 20690021 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0906-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Auxin induces in vitro somatic embryogenesis in coconut plumular explants through callus formation. Embryogenic calli and non-embryogenic calli can be formed from the initial calli. Analysis of endogenous cytokinins showed the occurrence of cytokinins with aromatic and aliphatic side chains. Fourteen aliphatic cytokinins and four aromatic cytokinins were analysed in the three types of calli and all the cytokinins were found in each type, although some in larger proportions than others. The most abundant cytokinins in each type of callus were isopentenyladenine-9-glucoside, zeatin-9-glucoside, zeatin riboside, isopentenyladenine riboside, dihydrozeatin and dihydrozeatin riboside in decreasing order. Total cytokinin content was compared between the three types of calli, and it was found to be lower in embryogenic calli compared to non-embryogenic calli or initial calli. The same pattern was observed for individual cytokinins. When explants were cultured in media containing exogenously added cytokinins, the formation of embryogenic calli in the explants was reduced. When 8-azaadenine (an anticytokinin) was added the formation of embryogenic calli and somatic embryos was increased. These results suggest that the difference in somatic embryo formation capacity observed between embryogenic calli and non-embryogenic calli is related to their endogenous cytokinin contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sáenz
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburna de Hidalgo, C.P., 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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25
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Bucarey SA, Noriega J, Reyes P, Tapia C, Sáenz L, Zuñiga A, Tobar JA. The optimized capsid gene of porcine circovirus type 2 expressed in yeast forms virus-like particles and elicits antibody responses in mice fed with recombinant yeast extracts. Vaccine 2009; 27:5781-90. [PMID: 19664739 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 06/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-associated diseases are considered to be the biggest problem for the worldwide swine industry. The PCV2 capsid protein (Cap) is an important antigen for development of vaccines. At present, most anti-PCV2 vaccines are produced as injectable formulations. Although effective, these vaccines have certain drawbacks, including stress with concomitant immunosuppresion, and involve laborious and time-consuming procedures. In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as a vehicle to deliver PCV2 antigen in a preliminary attempt to develop an oral vaccine, and its immunogenic potential in mice was tested after oral gavage-mediated delivery. The cap gene with a yeast-optimized codon usage sequence (opt-cap) was chemically synthesized and cloned into Escherichia coli/Saccharomyces cerevisiae shuttle vector, pYES2, under the control of the Gal1 promoter. Intracellular expression of the Cap protein was confirmed by Western blot analysis and its antigenic properties were compared with those of baculovirus/insect cell-produced Cap protein derived from the native PCV2 cap gene. It was further demonstrated by electron micrography that the yeast-derived PCV2 Cap protein self-assembles into virus-like particles (VLPs) that are morphologically and antigenically similar to insect cell-derived VLPs. Feeding raw yeast extract containing Cap protein to mice elicited both serum- and fecal-specific antibodies against the antigen. These results show that it is feasible to use S. cerevisiae as a safe and simple system to produce PCV2 virus-like particles, and that oral yeast-mediated antigen delivery is an alternative strategy to efficiently induce anti-PCV2 antibodies in a mouse model, which is worthy of further investigation in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Bucarey
- Centro Biotecnológico Veterinario Biovetec, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
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26
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Pérez-Núñez MT, Souza R, Sáenz L, Chan JL, Zúñiga-Aguilar JJ, Oropeza C. Detection of a SERK-like gene in coconut and analysis of its expression during the formation of embryogenic callus and somatic embryos. Plant Cell Rep 2009; 28:11-9. [PMID: 18818928 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-008-0616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Revised: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis involves different molecular events including differential gene expression and various signal transduction pathways. One of the genes identified in early somatic embryogenesis is S OMATIC E MBRYOGENESIS R ECEPTOR-like K INASE (SERK). Cocos nucifera (L.) is one of the most recalcitrant species for in vitro regeneration, achieved so far only through somatic embryogenesis, although just a few embryos could be obtained from a single explant. In order to increase efficiency of this process we need to understand it better. Therefore, the purpose of the present work was to determine if an ortholog of the SERK gene is present in the coconut genome, isolate it and analyze its expression during somatic embryogenesis. The results showed the occurrence of a SERK ortholog referred to as CnSERK. Predicted sequence analysis showed that CnSERK encodes a SERK protein with the domains reported in the SERK proteins in other species. These domains consist of a signal peptide, a leucine zipper domain, five LRR, the Serine-Proline-Proline domain, which is a distinctive domain of the SERK proteins, a single transmembrane domain, the kinase domain with 11 subdomains and the C terminal region. Analysis of its expression showed that it could be detected in embryogenic tissues before embryo development could be observed. In contrast it was not detected or at lower levels in non-embryogenic tissues, thus suggesting that CnSERK expression is associated with induction of somatic embryogenesis and that it could be a potential marker of cells competent to form somatic embryos in coconut tissues cultured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Pérez-Núñez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
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Sáenz L, Neira-Carrillo A, Paredes R, Cortés M, Bucarey S, Arias JL. Chitosan formulations improve the immunogenicity of a GnRH-I peptide-based vaccine. Int J Pharm 2008; 369:64-71. [PMID: 19041932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide vaccines using specific antigens with poor immunogenicity like GnRH-I are unable to develop an effective adaptive immune response and require the presence of adjuvants, essential to lymphocytic activation. Three chitosan formulations were evaluated for their ability as adjuvant of a poor immunogenic peptide vaccine against GnRH-I. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were immunized subcutaneously with recombinant His-GnRH-tandem-repeat peptide in high, low and phosphorylated high molecular weight chitosan solution at 0.5% (w/v). Freund's complete adjuvant was used as a positive control of immune response. Our results suggest that different chitosan formulations as adjuvant, with high or low viscosity degree allow inducing a high and persistent immune response against a poor immunogenic recombinant peptide. We found that the immune response was mediated by a increasing of IgG isotype 1, which were significantly greater than levels presented by the animals immunized with Freund's complete adjuvant. Nevertheless, chitosan with low molecular weight and highest acetylation degree was able to induce an immune response mediated by IgG isotype 2a. Additionally, high molecular weight phosphorylated chitosan, in which the phosphate groups were linked to N-acetyl-d-glucosamine unit, the immune response was reduced. All the immune responses obtained with chitosan as adjuvant were able to neutralize effectively the GnRH hormone proves by reducing of animal steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis demonstrating its capacity to improve immunogenicity in peptide vaccine.
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28
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Castellón E, Clementi M, Hitschfeld C, Sánchez C, Benítez D, Sáenz L, Contreras H, Huidobro C. Effect of leuprolide and cetrorelix on cell growth, apoptosis, and GnRH receptor expression in primary cell cultures from human prostate carcinoma. Cancer Invest 2006; 24:261-8. [PMID: 16809153 DOI: 10.1080/07357900600629591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Contradictory data have been reported regarding the effect of GnRH agonists and antagonists on cell growth and survival, using prostate cancer-derived cell lines expressing either endogenous or exogenous GnRH receptors. We addressed the issue studying the effect of leuprolide (agonist) and cetrorelix (antagonist) on cell growth, apoptosis and GnRH receptor expression using a primary cell coculture system. Also, binding characteristics of prostate GnRH receptor in this culture system are described. Epithelial and stromal cells were obtained from prostate adenocarcinoma samples and cocultured in a bicameral system. Expression of GnRH receptors was evaluated by semiquantitative RT-PCR (transcript level) and Western blot (protein level). Cell growth was estimated by MTT method and apoptosis by DNA fragmentation using COMET assay. Saturation and competition binding studies were carried out using 125I-GnRH as radioligand. GnRH receptors from cell cultures of prostate cancer exhibited a single class of binding sites with a Kd of 1.11 +/- 0.28 nM and a Bmax of 2.81 +/- 0.37 pmol/mg of membrane protein for GnRH. Leuprolide and cetrorelix showed no effect on GnRH receptor expression. Both analogues showed a significant reduction in cell growth rate and an increase in DNA-fragmented cell number. These effects were dependent on the analogue concentrations (from 5-20 ng/mL). Considering that the culture system used in this work represents more closely the in vivo conditions of tumor cells than metastatic derived cell lines, we conclude that GnRH analogues have a significant inhibitory effect on cell viability of cells expressing GnRH receptors. In addition, GnRH receptors expressed in tumor prostatic cells seem not discriminate between agonist and antagonist, both analogues activating these receptors. Also, leuprolide and cetrorelix treatments did not influence GnRH receptor expression in our culture system. These differences with pituitary receptors may be explained by differences in affinity, transduction mechanism and molecular context in prostatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Castellón
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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29
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Inostroza J, Sáenz L, Calaf G, Cabello G, Parra E. Role of the phosphatase PP4 in the activation of JNK-1 in prostate carcinoma cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP resulting in increased AP-1 and EGR-1 activity. Biol Res 2006; 38:163-78. [PMID: 16238095 DOI: 10.4067/s0716-97602005000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific signaling connections between the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK-1) and phosphatases PP4 and M3/6, affecting the family of early nuclear factors, is complex and remains poorly understood. JNK-1 regulates cellular differentiation, apoptosis and stress responsiveness by up-regulating early nuclear factors such as c-Jun, a member of the activating protein (AP-1) family, and the Early Growth Factor (EGR-1). C-Jun, when phosphorylated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK-1) associates with c-Fos to form the AP-1 transcription factor that activates gene expression. We have investigated the regulation of the JNK-1 kinase by co-transfecting phosphatases PP4 and M3/6 in prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP, which have been previously stimulated with human EGF or cisplatin. Co-transfections of plasmids expressing the JNK-1 and the serine/threonine phosphatases PP4 resulted in a significant increase in JNK-1 activity in both PC3 and LNCaP cells. In contrast, co-transfection of JNK-1 with the dual specific phosphatase serine/threonine M3/6 showed only a marginal effect in JNK-1 activity. The phosphatase M3/6 also failed in blocking the induction of JNK-1 activity observed in presence of PP4. The higher activity of JNK-1 was associated with increased activities of the factors c-Jun/AP-1 and EGR-1. This suggests that JNK-1 activity in PC-3 and LNCaP cells requires not only active PP4 for stable maintenance but also suggests that the relative degree of phosphorylation of multiple cellular components is the determinant of JNK-1 stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Inostroza
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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30
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Castellón E, Venegas K, Sáenz L, Contreras H, Huidobro C. Secretion of prostatic specific antigen, proliferative activity and androgen response in epithelial-stromal co-cultures from human prostate carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 28:39-46. [PMID: 15679620 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2004.00509.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the proliferative activity, prostatic specific antigen (PSA) secretion, morphology and androgen response of human prostate tumour epithelial cells co-cultured with stromal cells in a bicameral system. Stromal and epithelial cells were isolated from prostate adenocarcinoma by enzyme digestion and cultured in defined media. Immunocytochemistry for prostate carcinoma tumour antigen (PCTA-1) was performed for culture purity evaluation. Also, the morphology of the epithelial cells in co-culture was evaluated by electron microscopy. PSA was determined by microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) automatized protocol and the proliferation was evaluated by a commercial spectrophotometric kit, based on formazan salt formation. Both cell cultures showed more than 90% of purity. The epithelial cell co-cultures showed marked membrane processes and cell interdigitations. The proliferative activity of the epithelial cells was increased in presence of stromal cells. Also, PSA secretion was significantly increased and maintained for at least 14 days, whereas the androgen response for PSA secretion was evidenced only in co-culture condition. Primary co-cultures of epithelial and stromal cells from human prostate carcinoma are able to maintain, for a prolonged time, proliferative and secretory properties as well hormone response, and represent a valuable tool for cellular and molecular studies on prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Castellón
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, PO Box 70005, 653 0499 Santiago, Chile.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Radiofrequency ablation has shown to be an effective treatment for supraventricular tachycardias including flutter and atrial tachycardia, however the clinical information available on atrial tachycardia is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate and long term effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation in patients with atrial tachycardia and to establish predictors of effectiveness and arrhythmia recurrence. METHODS We analyzed a series of 126 procedures of atrial tachycardia ablation in 117 patients (69% women) with a mean age of 50 +/- 19 years. RESULTS Ninety-one percent of the foci were located in the right atrium. A mean of 6 applications were necessary to achieve an efficacy of 74% during the first procedure with a total of 80%. The only predictor of ablation success was the number of foci being smaller in multifocal compared to unifocal (p < 0.01) whereas for recurrences a less premature electrogram at the application point (p = 0.02) was predictive of ablation success. Over a follow-up of 34 +/- 19 months 7.4% of patients had recurrent atrial tachycardia. The probability of recurrence at one year calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method was 12%. Seventy-one percent of the recurrences occurred during the first 3 months after ablation. CONCLUSIONS Ablation is an effective, safe procedure for short and long term treatment of patients with atrial tachycardia. Effectiveness depends on the number of foci while the recurrence rate is related to the prematurity of atrial electrogram at the application point.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vacca
- Unidad de Arritmias. Instituto de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares. Hospital Clínic. Barcelona
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Epelde F, Tomás S, Argilaga R, Martínez X, Sáenz L. [Usefulness of troponin T and troponin I in the diagnosis and prognostic stratification of patients with ischemic cardiopathy attending an emergency service]. An Med Interna 1999; 16:511-4. [PMID: 10603668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnostic of chest pain in the emergency services supposes a serious problem. This study wants objective if the new non enzymatic markers of myocardial necrosis (T troponin and I troponin) may be an aid for the diagnostic and prognostic stratification of patients with myocardial ischemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS 82 successive patients who went to the emergency room for chest pain were studied. Electrocardiogram and blood samples were obtained at 0,4, and 12 house of admission. A clinic-evolutive study was performed at discharge, and they were classified in 3 categories: a) myocardial infarction, b) unstable angina (Braunwald classification) and no coronary pains. RESULTS In the 27 patients with myocardial infarction the markers of troponin group were more sensitive than creatinine kinase to determine myocardial necrosis at 4 hours of admission. Of 41 patients with unstable angina, 34% were of Braunwald III-B class. Troponin group markers discriminate a group of high risk patients, 70% of the patients that need an emergency coronarography for bad clinical evolution were troponin group marker positive. CONCLUSIONS The use in the emergency room of troponin necrosis markers (T and I troponin) allows to optimize the sanitary resources, detecting quickly the patients with acute myocardial infarction and discriminate a group of high risk of patients with angina.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Epelde
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona
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Epelde F, Sáenz L, Gilabert R, González G. [Aortic subvalvular stenosis associated with interauricular communication]. Rev Esp Cardiol 1999; 52:521-2. [PMID: 10439676 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-8932(99)74960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Epelde
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona
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Alvarez A, Sáenz L, Oliveras C, Llordes M. [Ventricular arrhythmias]. Aten Primaria 1990; 7:665-9. [PMID: 1716473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Alvarez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona
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Alvarez A, Sáenz L, Oliveras C, Llordes M. [Supraventricular arrhythmias]. Aten Primaria 1990; 7:584-6. [PMID: 2103814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Alvarez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona
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Alvarez A, Sáenz L, Oliveras C, Llordes M. [Electrocardiographic changes caused by ionic disorders and drugs]. Aten Primaria 1990; 7:576-80. [PMID: 1983327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Alvarez
- Servicio de Cardiologia, Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona
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Alvarez A, Sáenz L, Oliveras C, Sánchez F. [Heart block]. Aten Primaria 1990; 7:452, 454-6. [PMID: 2129720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Alvarez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona
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38
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Alvarez A, Sáenz L, Oliveras C, Sánchez F. [Imaging diagnosis. Acute myocardial infarct]. Aten Primaria 1990; 7 Spec No:49-50, 52-3. [PMID: 2104173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Alvarez
- Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona
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39
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Alvarez A, Sáenz L, Oliveras C, Sánchez F. [Electrocardiogram in chamber hypertrophy and dilatation]. Aten Primaria 1990; 7:381-5. [PMID: 2151790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Alvarez
- Servicio de Cardiologia, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa
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40
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Sáenz L, Torras R, Anglada J, García F, Jara F, Izquierdo A. [Amiodarone and hyperthyroidism]. Med Clin (Barc) 1983; 81:600. [PMID: 6656394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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41
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Sáenz L, Aranda-Pastor J. [The health sector in the multisectorial planning for food and nutrition]. Arch Latinoam Nutr 1982; 32:811-21. [PMID: 7186342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The limited success of the health unisectorial action for the solution of the nutritional problems of the population led to the recognition of the necessity of coordinating the work of many sectors. The most important responsibilities of the health sector in the process of the multisectorial food and nutrition planning are discussed: morail and technical leadership during the promotion and development of the process: diagnosis of the nutritional problems; definition of the biological reference terms; promotion and participation in the design, initiation, operation and evaluation of food and nutrition multisectorial systems; participation in the formulation of socio-economical development objectives; evaluation of the food and nutrition policies, and follow-up and evaluation of the projects they may generate; active participation and support of resources for the development of the process; implementation and execution of the sectoral activities; research; participation in nutritional planning aspects for disaster situations, and planning of the nutritional activities of the health sector.
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42
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Teller CH, Culagovski M, del Canto J, Sáenz L, Aranda-Pastor J. [Demographic dynamics in the food-nutrition problem: the search for effective strategies in Latin America]. Arch Latinoam Nutr 1982; 32:663-81. [PMID: 6820623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper addresses the interrelationship between the food and nutrition problem and population problems in Latin America within a global focus. A basic framework is presented which defines four demographic problems highly related with the food and nutrition situation: The underutilization of the labor force; the accelerated growth of the marginal population; the poor geographic distribution and rapid urbanization; and the high rates of infant and child mortality. Findings from the recent experience of demography in food and nutrition planning in the last four years in Central America and Panama are outlined, and strategies are recommended for the development of different types of programs and projects in population-nutrition. Finally, a list of applied research, basic information and direct action projects in population-nutrition that have been detected as needed by most of the Central American countries, is presented.
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Sáenz L, Aranda-Pastor J. [Nutrition programs and levels of health care]. Arch Latinoam Nutr 1982; 32:87-100. [PMID: 7181631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Population health and nutrition situations present different degrees of complexity which must be met with different degrees of technological complexity. This can be accomplished by organizing, in a progressive way, the resources of the health service system to constitute different levels of attention. In this paper, the concept of levels of attention of the health service system is analyzed on the basis of the aforementioned ideas, and comments are made on the increasing administrative complexity required to keep pace with the increasing technological complexity. Mention is made of the criteria which must be taken into account in order to select nutrition activities to be performed in the health sector and the way in which these activities must conform to the different levels, according to their degree of specialization and complexity. Special reference is made of experiences where the basic or primary level activities involving community participation are particularly important. Finally, the incorporation of nutrition as a part of the attention routine at the various levels is discussed; here, the importance of the necessary mechanisms for coordination and support among the various levels is stressed.
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Aranda-Pastor J, Sáenz L. [Food and nutrition planning. Review of the results of an international conference]. Arch Latinoam Nutr 1980; 30:509-14. [PMID: 6116481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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45
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Amigo H, Beghin I, Sáenz L, Aranda-Pastor J. [Programs for extension of health services coverage: nutrition activities]. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam 1980; 89:480-8. [PMID: 6452133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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