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Criado M, Espinosa J, Zapico D, Fernández M, Ferreras M, Benavides J, Pérez V. Immunohistochemical Study of the Inflammatory Cells Present at the Injection-site Granulomas INduced by Two Different Paratuberculosis Vaccines. J Comp Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zapico D, Espinosa J, Criado M, Fernández M, Ferreras M, Benavides J, Perez V. Local Assessment of the Immunohistochemical Expression of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Lymphocytes in the Different Pathological Forms Associated with Bovine Paratuberculosis. J Comp Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Olaya JS, Benavides J, Guevara-Tique A, Giraldo C, Echeverry de Polanco M, Lozano MB. P-242 Germline mutations identified in Colombian patients with Lynch syndrome. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Amato F, Pérez N, López M, Ripoll A, Alastuey A, Pandolfi M, Karanasiou A, Salmatonidis A, Padoan E, Frasca D, Marcoccia M, Viana M, Moreno T, Reche C, Martins V, Brines M, Minguillón MC, Ealo M, Rivas I, van Drooge B, Benavides J, Craviotto JM, Querol X. Vertical and horizontal fall-off of black carbon and NO 2 within urban blocks. Sci Total Environ 2019; 686:236-245. [PMID: 31176822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While exposure to traffic pollutants significantly decreases with distance from the curb, very dense urban architectures hamper such dispersion. Moreover, the building height reduces significantly the dispersion of pollutants. We have investigated the horizontal variability of Black Carbon (BC) and the vertical variability of NO2 and BC within the urban blocks. Increasing the distance from road BC concentrations decreased following an exponential curve reaching halving distances at 25 m (median), although with a wide variability among sites. Street canyons showed sharper fall-offs than open roads or roads next to a park. Urban background concentrations were achieved at 67 m distance on average, with higher distances found for more trafficked roads. Vertical fall-off of BC was less pronounced than the horizontal one since pollutants homogenize quickly vertically after rush traffic hours. Even shallower vertical fall-offs were found for NO2. For both pollutants, background concentrations were never reached within the building height. A street canyon effect was also found exacerbating concentrations at the lowest floors of the leeward side of the road. These inputs can be useful for assessing population exposure, air quality policies, urban planning and for models validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Amato
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - N Pérez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M López
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Ripoll
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pandolfi
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Karanasiou
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Salmatonidis
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Padoan
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - D Frasca
- Chemistry Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Marcoccia
- Chemistry Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Viana
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Moreno
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Reche
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Martins
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Brines
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M C Minguillón
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ealo
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - B van Drooge
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Benavides
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - X Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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Jiménez M, Stoore C, Hidalgo C, Corrêa F, Hernández M, Benavides J, Ferreras MC, Sáenz L, Paredes R. Lymphocyte Populations in the Adventitial Layer of Hydatid Cysts in Cattle: Relationship With Cyst Fertility Status and Fasciola Hepatica Co-Infection. Vet Pathol 2019; 57:108-114. [PMID: 31526120 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819875721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. Two types of hydatid cysts occur in intermediate hosts: fertile cysts that generate protoscoleces from the germinal layer of the cyst, and infertile cysts that do not produce protoscoleces and are unable to continue the life cycle of the parasite. The adventitial layer, a host-derived fibrous capsule surrounding the hydatid cyst, is suggested to play an important role in local immune regulation during infection and in fertility of the cysts. Fasciola hepatica, another important parasite of cattle, induces a characteristic Th2-like immune response that could modulate the immune response against E. granulosus. Natural co-infection of both parasites is common in cattle, but no reports describe the local immune response against E. granulosus with F. hepatica infection in the same host. This study analyzed the number and distribution of T and B cells in the adventitial layer of liver and lung cysts and the relationship with cyst fertility and F. hepatica co-infection. T lymphocytes were the predominant cell type in the adventitial layer of infertile hydatid cysts and were more numerous in infertile hydatid cysts. B lymphocyte numbers were not associated with hydatid cyst fertility. Mast cells were infrequent in the adventitial layer. The number of T and B cells was not associated with F. hepatica co-infection. The present study contributes to the understanding of local immune responses in bovine cystic echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caroll Stoore
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Felipe Corrêa
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile
| | - J Benavides
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - M C Ferreras
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Paredes
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Pérez V, Fernández M, Elvira L, Esnal A, De la Torre A, Álvarez M, Esperón F, Benavides J. Pathology associated with bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus infection in sheep. J Comp Pathol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Royo M, Fernández M, Sevilla I, Arteche N, Canga R, Fuertes M, Ferreras M, Benavides J, Elguezabal N, Pérez V. Influence of Previous Oral Sensitization with Mycobacterium avium Subsp. hominisuis or Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis on the Outcome of Mycobacterium avium Subsp. paratuberculosis Experimental Infection in a Caprine Model. J Comp Pathol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.10.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Benavides J, Fernández M, Castaño P, Ferreras MC, Ortega-Mora L, Pérez V. Ovine Toxoplasmosis: A New Look at its Pathogenesis. J Comp Pathol 2017; 157:34-38. [PMID: 28735668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Conditions causing reproductive failure are a significant concern in the livestock industry, and amongst these, ovine toxoplasmosis is one of the most important. Despite decades of research, there remain gaps in knowledge about this disease, especially regarding the pathogenesis of abortion in sheep. As for other diseases causing ovine abortion, such as chlamydial abortion or border disease, the consequences of infection with Toxoplasma gondii depend largely on the stage of gestation, but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. Immunological modulation occurring during gestation has been proposed as the main mechanism accounting for this clinical variation. However, the extent and effect of such modulation has not yet been identified clearly in sheep and the involvement of other unknown factors has been proposed. Recent experimental studies have defined an unacknowledged clinical presentation of ovine toxoplasmosis, where abortions occur during the acute phase of infection, resulting in as high as 100% fetal loss in susceptible sheep. The pathogenesis of this clinical form differs from that of classically described ovine toxoplasmosis, and its pathological features resemble those of the perinatal syndrome known as cerebral palsy in man. A range of variables, including individual susceptibility, isolate virulence and infective dose, have been proposed as key factors in the development of one or the other of these clinical forms and warrants further investigation in this important disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Benavides
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain; Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Grulleros, León, Spain.
| | - M Fernández
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain; Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - P Castaño
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain; Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - M C Ferreras
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain; Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - L Ortega-Mora
- SALUVET, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus Universitario de Moncloa, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Pérez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain; Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Grulleros, León, Spain
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Benavides J, Barrias P, Piro N, Arenas A, Orrego A, Pino E, Villegas L, Dorta E, Aspée A, López-Alarcón C. Reaction of tetracycline with biologically relevant chloramines. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 178:171-180. [PMID: 28187315 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection triggers inflammatory processes with the consequent production of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), monochloramine (NH2Cl), and protein-derived chloramines. As the therapy for eradicating H. pylori is partially based on the use of tetracycline, we studied the kinetic of its consumption elicited by HOCl, NH2Cl, N-chloro-n-butylamine (NHCl-But, used as a lysine-derived chloramine model), and lysozyme-derived chloramines. In the micromolar concentration range, tetracycline reacted rapidly with HOCl, generating in the first few seconds intermediates of short half-life. In contrast, a slow tetracycline consumption was observed in the presence of high NH2Cl and NHCl-But concentrations (millimolar range). Similar chlorinated products of tetracycline were identified by mass spectrometry, in the presence of HOCl and NH2Cl. These results evidenced that tautomers of tetracycline are pivotal intermediates in all reactions. In spite of the low reactivity of chloramines towards tetracycline, it is evident that, in the concentration range where they are produced in a H. pylori infection (millimolar range), the reactions lead to oxidation and/or chlorination of tetracycline. This kind of reactions, which were also observed triggered by lysozyme-derived chloramines, could limit the efficiency of the tetracycline-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Benavides
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, C.P. 782 0436, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Barrias
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - N Piro
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, C.P. 782 0436, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Arenas
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, C.P. 782 0436, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Orrego
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Pino
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Villegas
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Dorta
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, C.P. 782 0436, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Aspée
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile.
| | - C López-Alarcón
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, C.P. 782 0436, Santiago, Chile.
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Elvira Partida L, Fernández M, Gutiérrez J, Esnal A, Benavides J, Pérez V, de la Torre A, Álvarez M, Esperón F. Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus 2 as the Cause of Abortion Outbreaks on Commercial Sheep Flocks. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 64:19-26. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Fernández
- Animal Health Department; Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE); University of León; León Spain
| | | | - A. Esnal
- Analitica Veterinaria; Vizcaya Spain
| | - J. Benavides
- Animal Health Department; Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE); University of León; León Spain
| | - V. Pérez
- Animal Health Department; Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE); University of León; León Spain
| | - A. de la Torre
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA); Valdeolmos Madrid Spain
| | - M. Álvarez
- Animal Health Department; University of León; León Spain
| | - F. Esperón
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA); Valdeolmos Madrid Spain
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Abstract
N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation selectively releases the polyamines spermine and spermidine from the rat striatum in vivo. The intrastriatal injection of spermine or spermidine is neurotoxic, but this toxicity is not blocked by MK-801 and unlikely to be mediated via the NMDA receptor. The neurotoxic effects of intrastriatally injected NMDA can, however, be reduced by polyamine synthesis inhibition with difluoromethylornithine. Alterations in polyamine metabolism in the ischaemic brain, although perhaps induced by NMDA receptor activation, may contribute to ischaemic cell loss via NMDA-independent mechanisms, possibly related to the diverse effects of polyamines on calcium homoeostasis and channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Porcella
- Department of Biology, Synthelabo Recherche (LERS), Bagneux, France
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Fernández M, Benavides J, Castaño P, Elguezabal N, Fuertes M, Muñoz M, Royo M, Ferreras MC, Pérez V. Macrophage Subsets Within Granulomatous Intestinal Lesions in Bovine Paratuberculosis. Vet Pathol 2016; 54:82-93. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985816653794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Animals infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis show a variety of granulomatous lesions that range from focal forms, seen in the subclinical stages, to diffuse lesions associated with clinical signs. The aim of this study was to phenotypically characterize the macrophages present in the different lesion types using immunohistochemical methods. Lesions from a total of 23 animals with bovine paratuberculosis, natural and experimental, were examined by immunohistochemistry. Antibodies against inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), CD163, interleukin 10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp-1), calprotectin, Ki-67, CD68, lysozyme, and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) molecules were employed. Samples were scored semiquantitatively using a complete histological score (H-score), reflecting the staining intensity and the percentage of immunolabeled macrophages. Differences in the H-score were seen depending on the lesion type. In focal lesions, with none or few acid-fast bacilli (AFB), macrophages were polarized toward M1 phenotype, with high H-scores for iNOS and TNF-α. Diffuse multibacillary lesions showed M2 differentiation, with high expression of CD163, IL-10, and TGF-β as well as Nramp-1 and MHC class II antigens. Macrophages in diffuse paucibacillary forms showed high H-scores for iNOS but low ones for TNF-α. Diffuse lesions, either multibacillary or paucibacillary, showed high calprotectin and low Ki-67 expression, suggesting a progressive character, while focal forms, with low H-scores for these antigens, would be consistent with latency. Lysozyme and CD68 expression were related to the amount of AFB. H-score for Iba-1 antibody was similar among all types. The findings of this study provide insights into the polarization status of macrophages and lesion development in bovine paratuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Fernández
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - J. Benavides
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - P. Castaño
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - N. Elguezabal
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - M. Fuertes
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - M. Muñoz
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - M. Royo
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - M. C. Ferreras
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
| | - V. Pérez
- Dpto de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain
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Moya P, Parra P, Arroyo A, Peña E, Benavides J, Calpena R. Sacral nerve stimulation versus percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation in the treatment of severe fecal incontinence in men. Tech Coloproctol 2016; 20:317-319. [PMID: 26925981 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-016-1443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sacral nerve stimulation and percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation have been described previously as effective treatments for fecal incontinence. Nevertheless, there does not exist any study that compares the efficiency of both. The aim of this study was to compare the use of SNS and PPTNS in males with FI. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study on men with FI treated with SNS or PTNS in the Coloproctology Unit of the University General Hospital of Elche and Reina Sofia of Murcia between January 2010 and December 2011. Preoperative assessment included physical examination, anorectal manometry, and anal endosonography. Anal continence was evaluated using the Wexner continence grading system. Quality of life was evaluated using the Fecal Incontinence Quality of life Scale. RESULTS Nineteen patients were included (ten patients SNS and nine PPTNS). SNS improved FI in nine of the ten patients. The mean Wexner score decreased significantly from a median of 14 (12-16) (preoperative) to 4 (1-8) (6-month revision) (p = 0.007). PTNS improved FI in seven of the nine patients. The mean Wexner score decreased significantly from a median of 12 (11-19) (preoperative) to 5 (4-7) (6-month revision) (p = 0.018). Both treatments produced symptomatic improvement without statistical differences between them. CONCLUSIONS Our study was nonrandomized with a relatively small number of patients. PPTNS had similar efficiency to the SNS in our men population. However, more studies are necessary to exclude selection bias and analyze long-term results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moya
- Coloproctology Unit, Department of Surgery, University General Hospital of Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - P Parra
- Coloproctology Unit, Department of Surgery, University General Hospital Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Arroyo
- Coloproctology Unit, Department of Surgery, University General Hospital of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - E Peña
- Coloproctology Unit, Department of Surgery, University General Hospital Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain
| | - J Benavides
- Coloproctology Unit, Department of Surgery, University General Hospital Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain
| | - R Calpena
- Coloproctology Unit, Department of Surgery, University General Hospital of Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Cabanelas E, Panadero R, Fuertes M, Fernández M, Benavides J, López C, Pérez-Creo A, Díaz P, Morrondo P, Díez-Baños P, Pérez V. Histological and immunohistochemical characterization of Hypoderma lineatum (Diptera: oestridae) warbles. Vet Parasitol 2015; 212:361-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abstract
Post-mortem examination is a key step in the diagnostic process of infectious diseases in sheep and goats. Diagnostic pathology deals with identification and study of lesions, at the same time providing also significant clues regarding pathogenesis of the diseases. This article reviews the salient pathological findings associated with the most significant infectious diseases of sheep and goats present in countries where small ruminants are a relevant agricultural industry. Lesions are reviewed according to the different organ systems where they occur. Emphasis has been given in the description of the salient lesional patterns than can be identified in each organ and which can be of help in the differential diagnosis of the lesions caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or prions. Finally, a review of the usefulness of ancillary tests that may be used on various tissue samples for performing an aetiological diagnosis, is included; the application of various techniques, from immunohistochemistry to molecular biology-based tests, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Benavides
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - L González
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
| | - M Dagleish
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
| | - V Pérez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain.
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Rolando I, Rodríguez M, Damian M, Benavides J, Manrique A, Espinoza J. Molecular identification and genetic studies in Peruvian Phragmipediums. Lankesteriana 2015. [DOI: 10.15517/lank.v7i1-2.19401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Peru has inherited one of the greatest biodiversities of the planet. The orchid genus Phragmipedium has several representatives in the country. They are listed in Appendix 1 of CITES, restricted from international trade.
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Blanco C, Giráldez FJ, Prieto N, Morán L, Andrés S, Benavides J, Tejido ML, Bodas R. Effects of dietary inclusion of sunflower soap stocks on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and ruminal and blood metabolites of light fattening lambs. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:4086-94. [PMID: 25085392 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forty-four merino lambs (6 to 8 wk old; BW 15.6 ± 0.21 kg) were used to study the effect of adding different proportions of sunflower soap stock (SS) to pelleted total mixed ration (TMR) for fattening lambs on feed intake, animal growth and dressing percentage, ruminal fluid characteristics, and blood acid-base parameters. Lambs were assigned to 1 of 4 experimental groups (11 lambs per group), each randomly assigned to 1 dietary treatment: 00SS (0 g SS/kg TMR pellet), 15SS (15 g SS/kg TMR pellet), 30SS (30 g SS/kg TMR pellet), and 60SS (60 g SS/kg TMR pellet). Lambs were individually fed the corresponding diet ad libitum. On d 19 to 23, total feces were collected and sampled from 4 lambs per group. When lambs reached 27 kg BW, they were slaughtered. Dry matter intake, ADG, and length of fattening period were not affected by the dietary treatment (P > 0.10). Animals in the 30SS group tended to show the best G:F values (P < 0.10). Dressing percentage tended to linearly decrease as SS increased (P < 0.10). Animals in the 60SS groups showed the lowest DM and fiber digestibility values (P < 0.05). Total VFA contents in ruminal fluid were not affected (P > 0.10), but the propionate proportion linearly increased (P < 0.05), and the acetate to propionate ratio tended to decrease with SS supplementation. Increasing dietary content of SS linearly decreased the cold carcass weight (P < 0.05) but did not affect other measured carcass characteristics. Ruminal fluid pH tended to decrease (P < 0.10) and mucosa color decreased as SS increased in the TMR (P < 0.05). Blood pH and Na concentration increased (P < 0.05), whereas the anion gap, CO2 pressure, and K concentration linearly decreased (P < 0.05) as SS increased. Including more than 30 g SS/kg TMR in the diet for fattening lambs reduces DM and fiber digestibility without affecting feed intake and ADG. The acidotic rumen conditions that induced a darkening of rumen mucosa were counteracted by blood acid-base parameters. The optimum level of inclusion seems to be 30 g SS/kg TMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blanco
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), E-24346 Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - F J Giráldez
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), E-24346 Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - N Prieto
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), E-24346 Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - L Morán
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), E-24346 Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - S Andrés
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), E-24346 Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - J Benavides
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), E-24346 Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - M L Tejido
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), E-24346 Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - R Bodas
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Finca Zamadueñas, Ctra. Burgos, km 119, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain
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18
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Martínez-Pérez JM, Robles-Pérez D, Benavides J, Morán L, Andrés S, Giráldez FJ, Rojo-Vázquez FA, Martínez-Valladares M. Effect of dietary supplementation with flaxseed oil or vitamin E on sheep experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:71-9. [PMID: 24952681 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of two diets supplemented with flaxseed oil (FO) or vitamin E (VE) were studied in sheep infected with Fasciola hepatica. The control group (CO), not supplemented, had higher weight gain and faecal egg count (P < 0.05) at the end of the study. At necropsy, the number (71.2 ± 26.5) and size of flukes were lower in the FO group (P < 0.01), probably due to the higher levels of white blood cells and lymphocytes (P < 0.01). This group also had higher red blood cell and haematocrit values (P < 0.01). The CO group had more severe hypoproteinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia, due to having the highest fluke burden (123.0 ± 35.2), and also the highest IgG1 titre (P < 0.01). The diet did not affect production or gene expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-4. On the other hand, the supplementation with VE led to a reduction in adult fluke burden (97.7 ± 39.9) and lower lipid oxidation in the liver (P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Martínez-Pérez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - D Robles-Pérez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - J Benavides
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - L Morán
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - S Andrés
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - F J Giráldez
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - F A Rojo-Vázquez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - M Martínez-Valladares
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros (León), Spain.
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Frey CF, Gutiérrez-Expósito D, Ortega-Mora LM, Benavides J, Marcén JM, Castillo JA, Casasús I, Sanz A, García-Lunar P, Esteban-Gil A, Álvarez-García G. Chronic bovine besnoitiosis: intra-organ parasite distribution, parasite loads and parasite-associated lesions in subclinical cases. Vet Parasitol 2013; 197:95-103. [PMID: 23680543 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bovine besnoitiosis caused by Besnoitia besnoiti is a chronic and debilitating disease. The most characteristic clinical signs of chronic besnoitiosis are visible tissue cysts in the scleral conjunctiva and the vagina, thickened skin and a generally poor body condition. However, many seropositive animals remain subclinically infected, and the role that these animals may play in spreading the disease is not known. The aim of the present study was to assess the intra-organ parasite distribution, the parasite load and the parasite-associated lesions in seropositive but subclinically infected animals. These animals were seropositive at the time of several consecutive samplings, had visible tissue cysts in the past and, at time of slaughter, had detectable specific anti-Besnoitia spp. antibody levels, but they did not show evident clinical signs at culling. Thus, histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses of several samples from the respiratory tract, reproductive tract, other internal organs and skin from six cows were performed. The tissue cysts were located primarily in the upper respiratory tract, i.e., in the rhinarium and larynx/pharynx (four cows), followed by the distal genital tract (vulva/vagina) and the skin of the neck (three and two cows, respectively, out of the four cows with cysts in the respiratory tract). We were unable to detect any parasites in the two remaining cows. Cysts were associated with a significant non-purulent inflammatory infiltrate consisting predominantly of T lymphocytes and activated monocytes/macrophages in two cows. The parasite burden, estimated by quantitative real-time PCR, was very low. It is noteworthy that the only animal that showed a recent increase in the antibody titre had the highest parasite burden and the most conspicuous inflammatory reaction against the cysts. In conclusion, although these cows no longer displayed any visible signs of besnoitiosis, they remained infected. Therefore, cows without visible signs of disease may still be able to transmit the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Frey
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Benavides J, Garcia-Pariente C, Garrido JM, Sevilla IA, García-Marín JF, Pérez V, Ferreras MC. Coexistence of Granulomatous Enteric Inflammation and Neoplasia in an Adult Sheep. Vet Pathol 2013; 50:1158-62. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985813480214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Benavides
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
| | - C. Garcia-Pariente
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
| | - J. M. Garrido
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
| | - I. A. Sevilla
- NEIKER-Tecnalia, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - V. Pérez
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
| | - M. C. Ferreras
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
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21
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Delgado L, Marín JFG, Muñoz M, Benavides J, Juste RA, García-Pariente C, Fuertes M, González J, Ferreras MC, Pérez V. Pathological findings in young and adult sheep following experimental infection with 2 different doses of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Vet Pathol 2013; 50:857-66. [PMID: 23390077 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813476066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (Map) is assumed to infect young ruminants; however, little is known concerning the possibility of adult animals becoming infected. An experimental infection was conducted to establish the effect of age and doses of Map on susceptibility to paratuberculosis in sheep. Sixteen of twenty-four 1.5-month-old Churra lambs and 23 of 30 adult ewes (from 2-11 years old) were orally challenged with an ovine field strain of Map. Thirteen ewes and 8 lambs were infected with a high dose (HD) and 10 adult sheep and 8 lambs with a low dose (LD) of Map. The remaining animals were unchallenged controls. Animals were euthanized at 110 to 120 and 210 to 220 days postinfection. Histological, bacteriological, and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies were conducted in samples of intestine and related lymphoid tissue (Peyer patches, lymph nodes). Animals were classified according to their lesions. The number of granulomas was counted in 3 tissue sections from each sample. Only the HD groups showed lesions associated with paratuberculosis (92.3% of ewes and 100% of lambs). Adults had lesions characterized by few small demarcated focal granulomas restricted to the lymphoid tissue, whereas granulomas were more numerous and larger, appearing in the lamina propria unrelated to lymphoid tissue, in the lambs. Only HD-infected lambs were positive to culture, whereas nested PCR also detected positive HD ewes and some LD animals. These results suggest that adult sheep can become infected by Map, as seen by the development of lesions, but they are focal and restricted to the lymphoid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Delgado
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain.
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22
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Ferreras M, Pérez V, González-Lanza M, Benavides J, Mezo M, Fuertes M, González-Warleta M, Delgado L, Martínez-Ibeas A, Manga-González M. Ruminal Leiomyosarcoma and Naturally Occurring Calicophoron daubneyi Infection in a Cow. J Comp Pathol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ferreras M, Pérez V, González-Lanza M, Benavides J, Mezo M, Fuertes M, González-Warleta M, Delgado L, Martínez-Ibeas A, Manga-González M. Immunohistochemical Study of the Inflammatory Response in the Rumen and Reticulum of Calicophoron daubneyi-infected Cattle. J Comp Pathol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.11.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Glaria I, Reina R, Ramírez H, de Andrés X, Crespo H, Jauregui P, Salazar E, Luján L, Pérez MM, Benavides J, Pérez V, Polledo L, García-Marín JF, Riezu JI, Borrás F, Amorena B, de Andrés D. Visna/Maedi virus genetic characterization and serological diagnosis of infection in sheep from a neurological outbreak. Vet Microbiol 2012; 155:137-46. [PMID: 21940116 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An extensive outbreak characterized by the appearance of neurological symptoms in small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infected sheep has been identified in Spain, but the genetic characteristics of the strain involved and differential diagnostic tools for this outbreak remain unexplored. In this work, 23 Visna-affected naturally infected animals from the outbreak, 11 arthritic animals (both groups presenting anti-Visna/Maedi virus serum antibodies), and 100 seronegative animals were used. Eight of the Visna-affected animals were further studied post-mortem by immunohistochemistry. All had lesions in spinal cord, being the most affected part of the central nervous system in six of them. A representative strain of the outbreak was isolated. Together with other proviral sequences from the outbreak the virus was assigned to genotype A2/A3. In vitro culture of the isolate revealed that viral production was slow/low in fibroblast-like cells but it was high in blood monocyte-derived macrophages. The long terminal repeat (LTR) of the viral genome of this isolate lacked an U3-duplication, but its promoter activity in fibroblast-like cells was normal compared to other strains. Thus, viral production could not be inferred from the LTR promoter activity in this isolate. Analysis of the viral immunodominant epitopes among SRLV sequences of the outbreak and other known sequences allowed the design of a synthetic SU peptide ELISA that detected the Visna affected animals, representing a tool of epidemiological interest to control viral spread of this highly pathogenic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Glaria
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra), 31192 Navarra, Spain
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Cantón G, Benavides J, Maley S, Katzer F, Bartley P, Rocchi M, Smith S, Innes E, Chianini F. Immune Phenotyping of Bovine Placentas following Experimental Inoculation with Neospora caninum during Late Gestation. J Comp Pathol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Pérez V, Benavides J, Delgado L, Reyes L, García Marín J, Ferreras M. Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa in Assaf Lambs. J Comp Pathol 2011; 145:226-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Voigt
- Scottish Agricultural College (SAC) Consulting: Veterinary Services, Drummondhill; Stratherrick Road Inverness IV2 4JZ
| | - J. Benavides
- Moredun Research Institute; Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0PZ
| | - A. Rafferty
- Strathspey Veterinary Centre; Forest Road Grantown on Spey Morayshire PH26 3JJ
| | - F. Howie
- SAC Consulting: Veterinary Services; Allan Watt Building, Bush Estate Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0QE
| | - D. Buxton
- Moredun Research Institute; Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0PZ
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Perez V, Delgado L, Benavides J, Ferreras M, García-Marín J, Gutiérrez J. Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta in Churra Lambs. J Comp Pathol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.09.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chavez-Santoscoy A, Benavides J, Vermaas W, Rito-Palomares M. Application of Aqueous Two-Phase Systems for the Potential Extractive Fermentation of Cyanobacterial Products. Chem Eng Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200900286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Ferreras M, Fuertes M, García-Pariente C, Pérez V, García-Fernández R, Reyes L, Benavides J, Muñoz M, Delgado L, García-Marín J. A Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Archived Ovine Natural Scrapie Cases. J Comp Pathol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Olmedo T, Zangone M, Gomez S, Guichard C, Palma C, Storme O, Osorio F, Benavides J. SCHU-27: Transurethral Bulking Agent Injection: Promissory Results Using the New “Vantris” Macroparticle in the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence. Urology 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2008.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Olmedo T, Cuevas M, Olea M, Frías J, Marchant F, Díaz P, Solís E, Palma C, Valdevenito R, Storme O, Osorio F, Benavides J. SCHU-46: Laser Vaporization Versus Prostate Transurethral Resection For the Treatment of Prostatic Hyperplasia: Comparison of Their Clinical Effectiveness. Urology 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2008.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Benavides J, García-Pariente C, Fuertes M, Ferreras MC, García-Marín JF, Juste RA, Pérez V. Maedi-visna: the meningoencephalitis in naturally occurring cases. J Comp Pathol 2008; 140:1-11. [PMID: 18922546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lesions were examined at different levels of the central nervous system (CNS) in 64 sheep with natural maedi-visna (MV) meningoencephalitis. All animals showed lesions in more than one of the CNS locations examined; the lesions in the cranial regions were periventricular, while those in the spinal cord affected the white matter funicles. Lesions were found particularly in the cerebellar peduncles (non-suppurative meningoencephalitis), followed by the corpus callosum, hippocampus and thoracic spinal cord. Vascular, infiltrative and malacic histopathological patterns were recognized. One pattern predominated in each section examined, although mixed forms occurred. Vascular lesions occurred with similar frequency at all CNS levels, but infiltrative and malacic lesions predominated at rostral and caudal levels, respectively. Cells consistent with macrophages and shown immunohistochemically to be associated with MV virus were seen in malacic and infiltrative lesions, at the periphery of damaged areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Benavides
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
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35
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Jiang ZX, Kim K, Sieloff DD, Luo TY, Varghese A, Triyoso DH, Guenther T, Robichaud B, Benavides J. Toward accurate characterization of nitrogen depth profiles in ultrathin oxynitride films. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Benavides J, Aguilar O, Lapizco-Encinas B, Rito-Palomares M. Extraction and Purification of Bioproducts and Nanoparticles using Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Strategies. Chem Eng Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200800068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Benavides J, Dubois A, Scatton B. Peripheral type benzodiazepine binding sites as a tool for the detection and quantification of CNS injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Chapter 7:Unit7.16. [PMID: 18428526 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0716s09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The concentration of peripheral type benzodiazepine binding sites (PTBS) in the brain parenchyma is greatly increased following brain lesions, reflecting the glial reaction and/or presence of hematogenous cells. Thus, PTBS density is a sensitive and reliable marker of brain injury in a large number of experimental models (ischemia, trauma, excitotoxic lesions, brain tumors) and equivalent human neuropathological conditions. PTBS density can be measured using specific radioligands and a conventional binding technique, or by quantitative autoradiography in tissue sections.
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Vidal E, Tortosa R, Costa C, Benavides J, Francino O, Sánchez-Robert E, Pérez V, Pumarola M. Lack of PrP(sc) immunostaining in intracranial ectopic lymphoid follicles in a sheep with concomitant non-suppurative encephalitis and Nor98-like atypical scrapie: a case report. Vet J 2007; 177:283-8. [PMID: 17574883 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Revised: 03/09/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During active surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in sheep, an initial reactor was detected using a rapid test on a brain sample. Immunohistochemistry confirmed an atypical TSE presentation that closely resembled the previously described Nor98 cases. Sequencing of the prnp gene confirmed the ARQ/AHQ genotype with the L141F mutation at codon 141 associated with this phenotype. The head, including the brain and cranial lymphoid tissues, was sampled and examined thoroughly. Non-purulent encephalitis, with ectopic lymphoid follicle formation within the brain, was diagnosed concomitant to the TSE. When scrapie-associated prion protein (PrP(sc)) deposition was studied by immunohistochemistry there was a noticeable lack of lymphotropism. The distribution of PrP(sc) in the brain differed considerably from that of classical scrapie cases. Astrogliosis and microgliosis were demonstrated by histochemical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vidal
- Priocat Laboratory, CReSA, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
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Benavides J, Fuertes M, García-Pariente C, Ferreras MC, García Marín JF, Pérez V. Natural cases of visna in sheep with myelitis as the sole lesion in the central nervous system. J Comp Pathol 2006; 134:219-30. [PMID: 16615937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2005.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 11/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Of 118 sheep with visna, 12 showed myelitis as the only nervous lesion. They were ovine lentivirus (OvLV)-seropositive and provirus DNA was demonstrated by LTR-PCR in all the samples with lesions. Clinically, all showed hindlimb paralysis and some were completely recumbent. Grossly, a swollen and discoloured area was identified in the white matter in 10 sheep. Microscopical changes consisted of a wedge-shaped area of non-suppurative leucomyelitis with mononuclear perivascular cuffing, demyelination and white matter degeneration. Except for two samples, grey matter was affected adjacent to severe white matter lesions. Three different microscopical patterns of lesion were identified, all having in common the presence of perivascular inflammation: the so-called vascular pattern was characterized by perivascular cuffs with minimal lesions in the adjacent neuroparenchyma; the malacic pattern, which was the commonest type, was characterized by severe white matter destruction and small numbers of macrophages; and the infiltrative pattern was characterized by a severe infiltrate of histiocytes in the parenchyma. Maedi-visna virus antigen was detected immunohistochemically only in areas with lesions, and the degree of immunolabelling was unrelated to the severity of the damage. Diagnosticians should bear in mind that a considerable number of visna cases show only spinal cord lesions. Examination of paraffin wax-embedded samples by LTR-PCR and immunohistochemistry would seem useful in confirming a histopathological diagnosis of visna from spinal cord samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Benavides
- Departamento de Patología Animal: Medicina Animal, Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
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Benavides J, Gómez N, Gelmetti D, Ferreras MC, García-Pariente C, Fuertes M, García-Marín JF, Pérez V. Diagnosis of the nervous form of maedi-visna infection with a high frequency in sheep in Castilla y León, Spain. Vet Rec 2006; 158:230-5. [PMID: 16489160 DOI: 10.1136/vr.158.7.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Between 1997 and March 2004, the nervous form, or visna, of maedi-visna infection was diagnosed in 71 of 1631 sheep (4.35 per cent) examined in the Castilla y León region of Spain, of which 634 had shown nervous signs. The presence of the virus was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and in some cases by pcr on frozen-thawed or paraffin-embedded tissue samples. The main clinical signs were hindleg ataxia and paresis, but blindness or nystagmus were also observed. Thirty-three of the affected sheep (46.5 per cent) were two years old or younger. The affected sheep showed variable degrees of a non-suppurative meningoencephalitis, and immunohistochemistry identified positive cells in all cases, with no relation to the intensity of the inflammatory lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Benavides
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Medicina Animal (Anatomía Patológica), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
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41
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Bassilana F, Mace N, Li Q, Stutzmann JM, Gross CE, Pradier L, Benavides J, Ménager J, Bezard E. Unraveling substantia nigra sequential gene expression in a progressive MPTP-lesioned macaque model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2005; 20:93-103. [PMID: 16137570 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2005.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2004] [Revised: 01/24/2005] [Accepted: 02/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking advantage of a progressive nonhuman primate model mimicking Parkinson's disease (PD) evolution, we monitored transcriptional fluctuations in the substantia nigra using Affymetrix microarrays in control (normal), saline-treated (normal), 6 days-treated (asymptomatic with 20% cell loss), 12 days-treated (asymptomatic with 40% cell loss) and 25 days-treated animals (fully parkinsonian with 85% cell loss). Two statistical methods were used to ascertain the regulation and real-time quantitative PCR was used to confirm their regulation. Surprisingly, the number of deregulated transcripts is limited at all time points and five clusters exhibiting different profiles were defined using a hierarchical clustering algorithm. Such profiles are likely to represent activation/deactivation of mechanisms of different nature. We briefly speculate about (i) the existence of yet unknown compensatory mechanisms is unraveled, (ii) the putative triggering of a developmental program in the mature brain in reaction to progressing degeneration and finally, (iii) the activation of mechanisms leading eventually to death in final stage. These data should help development of new therapeutic approaches either aimed at enhancing existing compensatory mechanisms or at protecting dopamine neurons.
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Pérez V, Vidal E, González N, Benavides J, Ferreras MC, Villagrasa M, Pumarola M. Orbital Meningioma with a Granular Cell Component in a Dog, with Extracranial Metastasis. J Comp Pathol 2005; 133:212-7. [PMID: 16045918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2005.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2004] [Accepted: 02/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A meningioma with a significant component of granular cells is described in the left ocular orbit of a 5-year-old male Golden retriever dog that presented with exophthalmos. The neoplastic mass surrounded the optic nerve. Microscopically, the tumour was characterized by nests of large, round to polygonal cells, variable in size, with eccentric nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, containing PAS-positive granules. In focal areas, cells were smaller and occasionally formed whorl-like structures. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that neoplastic cells reacted positively for vimentin and, with less intensity, for neuron specific enolase and S-100, whereas they were negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein and cytokeratins. Metastatic growths, formed by similar cells, were seen in the lung and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pérez
- Departamento de Patología Animal: Medicina Animal (Anatomía Patológica), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
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Ferreras MC, Fuertes M, Pérez V, Benavides J, García-Pariente C, Reyes LE, García-Marín JF. Giant Cell Tumour of Bone in a Cat with Extraskeletal Metastases: Pathological and Immunohistochemical Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:225-9. [PMID: 15943606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2005.00720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A case of giant cell tumour of bone (GCTb) in the lung and in a subcutaneous mass located in the right flank, with a probable primary origin in the mid-diaphysis of the right tibia, was described in a 8-year-old female cat. Numerous multinucleated giant cells were homogeneously distributed among a population of ovoid or spindle-shaped mononuclear cells. All of them were positive for vimentin suggesting a mesenchymal origin. Spindle-shaped tumour cells resemble fibroblastic cells, showing collagen fibres in their vicinity. Ovoid mononuclear cells are similar to macrophages, with a cytoplasm rich in electron-dense lysosomes. Multinucleated giant cells appear morphologically similar to osteoclasts. These findings are supported for the positive reaction to tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and lysozyme, encountered only in ovoid and multinucleated giant cells. No immunoreactivity against human oestrogen receptors was observed in the nuclei of any neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Ferreras
- Dpto. Patología Animal: Medicina Animal (Anatomía Patológica), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, s/n, 24071 León, Spain.
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Benavides J, Rito-Palomares M. Potential Aqueous Two-Phase Processes for the Primary Recovery of Colored Protein from Microbial Origin. Eng Life Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200420073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
An osteoma located in the frontal bone and nasal cavity is described in a 4-year-old dairy sheep with respiratory difficulty and progressive emaciation. The mass was hard, formed by bone, and caused compression of the ethmoidal labyrinth. Microscopically, the tumour was characterized by trabeculae of woven bone, frequently coexisting with lamellar bone composed of fine fibres, lined by osteoblasts and surrounded by a fibrous stroma. A severe chronic inflammation was seen in the nasal mucosa. Differential diagnosis is discussed, particularly in relation to ossifying fibroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pérez
- Departamento de Patología Animal: Medicina Animal (Anatomía Patológica), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, s/n, 24071 León, Spain
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Nieto MM, Wilson J, Walker J, Benavides J, Fournié-Zaluski MC, Roques BP, Noble F. Facilitation of enkephalins catabolism inhibitor-induced antinociception by drugs classically used in pain management. Neuropharmacology 2001; 41:496-506. [PMID: 11543770 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(01)00077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the facilitatory effects of subanalgesic or low doses of different drugs (acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen and morphine) on the antinociceptive responses induced by the endogenous opioid peptides, enkephalins, protected from their catabolism by the dual enkephalin-degrading enzymes inhibitor RB101. According to the analgesic profile of the three studied compounds different antinociceptive assays were used: the hot plate and formalin tests in mice, and the tail flick and paw pressure tests on inflamed paws in rats and polyarthritic rats. Facilitatory effects of subanalgesic doses of acetylsalicylic acid and ibuprofen on RB101-induced antinociceptive responses were observed in the early and late phases of the formalin test, respectively. In the hot plate, tail flick and paw pressure tests, the dose-dependent analgesic effects of RB101 were strongly potentiated by subanalgesic doses of morphine (0.5 mg/kg), while in these tests, acetylsalicylic acid and ibuprofen were unable to modify the RB101-induced antinociceptive responses. The synergism in antinociceptive effects observed with the combination of RB101 and morphine supported by isobolographic analysis, may have interesting clinical implications, considering both the lack of opiate drawbacks observed with RB101 and the high potentiation of its antinociceptive effects with very low doses of morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Nieto
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire et Structurale, INSERM U266-CNRS UMR 8600, Université René Descartes, 4, Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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Benavides E, Ortiz D, Benavides J. Association of botulism and tetanus as causative agents of an outbreak of bovine paraplegic mortality in the eastern plains of Colombia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 916:646-9. [PMID: 11193691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Benavides
- Programa Nacional de Epidemiología Veterinaria (EpiVet), Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, CORPOICA-CEISA, Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia.
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Ruano D, Létang V, Biton B, Avenet P, Benavides J, Scatton B, Vitorica J. Subunit composition of rat ventral spinal cord GABA(A) receptors, assessed by single cell RT-multiplex PCR. Neuroreport 2000; 11:3169-73. [PMID: 11043543 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200009280-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the expression of native GABA(A) receptors in choline acetyltransferase and glutamic acid decarboxilase positive cells, from lamina IX of the lumbar region of rat spinal cord. More than one isoform of each subunit was detected within a single cell. The alpha3, alpha5, alpha1, beta3 and gamma2 subunit was the most frequent combination in both cell populations. However, the total number of subunit expressed by each cell type was different, being the ChAT positive cells the simplest. Interestingly, the ChAT and GAD positive cells also displayed a different pattern of distribution of both spliced isoforms of the gamma2 subunit. These results indicate that several GABA(A) receptors, with different molecular composition, are expressed in a single cell and that different cell types can express different GABA(A) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ruano
- Departamento Bioquimica, Bromatologia y Toxicologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
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Ponce J, Biton B, Benavides J, Avenet P, Aragon C. Transmembrane domain III plays an important role in ion binding and permeation in the glycine transporter GLYT2. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:13856-62. [PMID: 10788509 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.18.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal glycine transporter GLYT2 takes up glycine from the extracellular space by an electrogenic process where this neurotransmitter is co-transported with sodium and chloride ions. We report in this paper that tyrosine at position 289 of GLYT2a is crucial for ion coupling, glycine affinity and sodium selectivity, stressing the essential role played by this residue of transmembrane domain III in the mechanism of transport. Substitution to tryptophan (Y289W), phenylalanine (Y289F), or serine (Y289S), renders transporters unable to catalyze glycine uptake. Measurements of glycine evoked steady-state currents in transfected HEK-293 cells reveal EC(50) values for glycine 17-fold (Y289F) and 45-fold (Y289S) higher than that of the wild type transporter. Sodium dependence is severely altered in tyrosine 289 mutants, both at the level of apparent affinity and cooperativity, with the more dramatic change corresponding to the less conservative substitution (Y289S). Accordingly, sodium selectivity is gradually lost in Y289F and Y289S mutants, and chloride dependence of glycine evoked currents is markedly decreased in Y289F and Y289S mutants. In the absence of three-dimensional information from these transporters, these results provide experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis of transmembrane domain III being part of a common permeation pathway for substrate and co-transported ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ponce
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
We studied the effect of brain and spinal cord injury induced by fluid-percussion on the local synthesis of neurosteroids as measured by a gas-chromatographic/mass-spectrometric method. In the nervous system of sham operated rats i.v. infusion of pregnenolone (PREGN)-sulfate results in a 2-4 fold increase in PREGN, progesterone (PROG), 5alpha-dehydroprogesterone (5alpha-DHP) and 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one (3alpha5alpha-THP, allopregnanolone) concentrations, as compared to vehicle treated rats. When PREGN-sulfate was infused 1, 3 or 7 days after brain or spinal cord injury it was observed a large time-dependent increase of PROG, 5alpha-DHP and 3alpha5alpha-THP levels in the peri-focal but not in the focal site. This increase in neurosteroids content may be due essentially to the glial cells hyperplasia in the peri-focal area and to an activation of the pathways involved in the metabolism of PREGN-sulfate to PROG, 5alpha-DHP and 3alpha5alpha-THP.
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