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Ningoo M, Cruz-Encarnación P, Khilnani C, Heeger PS, Fribourg M. T-cell receptor sequencing reveals selected donor-reactive CD8 + T cell clones resist antithymocyte globulin depletion after kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2024; 24:755-764. [PMID: 38141722 PMCID: PMC11070313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
High frequencies of donor-reactive memory T cells in the periphery of transplant candidates prior to transplantation are linked to the development of posttransplant acute rejection episodes and reduced allograft function. Rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) effectively depletes naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells for >6 months posttransplant, but rATG's effects on human donor-reactive T cells have not been carefully determined. To address this, we performed T cell receptor β-chain sequencing on peripheral blood mononuclear cells aliquots collected pretransplant and serially posttransplant in 7 kidney transplant recipients who received rATG as induction therapy. We tracked the evolution of the donor-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cell repertoires and identified stimulated pretransplant, CTV-(surface dye)-labeled, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from each patient with donor cells or third-party cells. Our analyses showed that while rATG depleted CD4+ T cells in all tested subjects, a subset of donor-reactive CD8+ T cells that were present at high frequencies pretransplant, consistent with expanded memory cells, resisted rATG depletion, underwent posttransplant expansion and were functional. Together, our data support the conclusion that a subset of human memory CD8+ T cells specifically reactive to donor antigens expand in vivo despite induction therapy with rATG and thus have the potential to mediate allograft damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehek Ningoo
- Translational Transplant Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pamela Cruz-Encarnación
- Translational Transplant Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Calla Khilnani
- Translational Transplant Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter S Heeger
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Miguel Fribourg
- Translational Transplant Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
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Mueller FB, Yang H, Li C, Dadhania DM, Xiang JZ, Salvatore S, Seshan SV, Sharma VK, Suthanthiran M, Muthukumar T. RNA-sequencing of Human Kidney Allografts and Delineation of T-Cell Genes, Gene Sets, and Pathways Associated With Acute T Cell-mediated Rejection. Transplantation 2024; 108:911-922. [PMID: 38291584 PMCID: PMC10963156 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delineation of T-cell genes, gene sets, pathways, and T-cell subtypes associated with acute T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) may improve its management. METHODS We performed bulk RNA-sequencing of 34 kidney allograft biopsies (16 Banff TCMR and 18 no rejection [NR] biopsies) from 34 adult recipients of human kidneys. Computational analysis was performed to determine the differential intragraft expression of T-cell genes at the level of single-gene, gene set, and pathways. RESULTS T-cell signaling pathway gene sets for plenary T-cell activation were overrepresented in TCMR biopsies compared with NR biopsies. Heightened expression of T-cell signaling genes was validated using external TCMR biopsies. Pro- and anti-inflammatory immune gene sets were enriched, and metabolism gene sets were depleted in TCMR biopsies compared with NR biopsies. Gene signatures of regulatory T cells, Th1 cells, Th2 cells, Th17 cells, T follicular helper cells, CD4 tissue-resident memory T cells, and CD8 tissue-resident memory T cells were enriched in TCMR biopsies compared with NR biopsies. T-cell exhaustion and anergy were also molecular attributes of TCMR. Gene sets associated with antigen processing and presentation, and leukocyte transendothelial migration were overexpressed in TCMR biopsies compared with NR biopsies. Cellular deconvolution of graft infiltrating cells by gene expression patterns identified CD8 T cell to be the most abundant T-cell subtype infiltrating the allograft during TCMR. CONCLUSIONS Our delineation of intragraft T-cell gene expression patterns, in addition to yielding new biological insights, may help prioritize T-cell genes and T-cell subtypes for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco B. Mueller
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Hua Yang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Carol Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Darshana M. Dadhania
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, NewYork Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Jenny Z. Xiang
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Steven Salvatore
- Division of Renal Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Surya V. Seshan
- Division of Renal Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Vijay K. Sharma
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Manikkam Suthanthiran
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, NewYork Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Thangamani Muthukumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, NewYork Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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Servais L, Horton R, Saade D, Bonnemann C, Muntoni F. 261st ENMC International Workshop: Management of safety issues arising following AAV gene therapy. 17th-19th June 2022, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:884-896. [PMID: 37919208 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapies are demonstrating much promise in the area of neuromuscular disorders. There are now therapies in clinical trials or real-world use for several disorders including spinal muscular atrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. However, there have been several concerning reports of serious adverse events, including deaths. Reporting and monitoring of these is not consistent between trials. Therefore, a group of clinicians, investigators, industry and patient representatives met the weekend of 17th-19th June 2022 to discuss safety issues arising from the use of these therapies. The group shared information on safety events across a spectrum of AAV gene therapy products, both in clinical trials and commercial use. Patterns of serious adverse events were identified and the group discussed methods of identification and management of these as well as new ways of improving information sharing across industry in order to improve the safety of these promising treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Servais
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Division of Child Neurology, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège and University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Rebecca Horton
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dimah Saade
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Carsten Bonnemann
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
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4
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Miller D, Romero R, Myers L, Xu Y, Arenas-Hernandez M, Galaz J, Soto C, Done B, Quiroz A, Awonuga AO, Bryant DR, Tarca AL, Gomez-Lopez N. Immunosequencing and Profiling of T Cells at the Maternal-Fetal Interface of Women with Preterm Labor and Chronic Chorioamnionitis. J Immunol 2023; 211:1082-1098. [PMID: 37647360 PMCID: PMC10528178 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
T cells are implicated in the pathophysiology of preterm labor and birth, the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Specifically, maternal decidual T cells infiltrate the chorioamniotic membranes in chronic chorioamnionitis (CCA), a placental lesion considered to reflect maternal anti-fetal rejection, leading to preterm labor and birth. However, the phenotype and TCR repertoire of decidual T cells in women with preterm labor and CCA have not been investigated. In this study, we used phenotyping, TCR sequencing, and functional assays to elucidate the molecular characteristics and Ag specificity of T cells infiltrating the chorioamniotic membranes in women with CCA who underwent term or preterm labor. Phenotyping indicated distinct enrichment of human decidual effector memory T cell subsets in cases of preterm labor with CCA without altered regulatory T cell proportions. TCR sequencing revealed that the T cell repertoire of CCA is characterized by increased TCR richness and decreased clonal expansion in women with preterm labor. We identified 15 clones associated with CCA and compared these against established TCR databases, reporting that infiltrating T cells may possess specificity for maternal and fetal Ags, but not common viral Ags. Functional assays demonstrated that choriodecidual T cells can respond to maternal and fetal Ags. Collectively, our findings provide, to our knowledge, novel insight into the complex processes underlying chronic placental inflammation and further support a role for effector T cells in the mechanisms of disease for preterm labor and birth. Moreover, this work further strengthens the contribution of adaptive immunity to the syndromic nature of preterm labor and birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Miller
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Detroit, MI, 48201, and Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Detroit, MI, 48201, and Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Luke Myers
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Detroit, MI, 48201, and Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Marcia Arenas-Hernandez
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Detroit, MI, 48201, and Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Jose Galaz
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Detroit, MI, 48201, and Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Cinque Soto
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bogdan Done
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Detroit, MI, 48201, and Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Angelica Quiroz
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Awoniyi O. Awonuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - David R. Bryant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Detroit, MI, 48201, and Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Detroit, MI, 48201, and Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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Mezyk-Kopec R, Potin L, Gomez Medellin JE, Salles CM, Swartz MA. TGF-β Signaling Prevents MHC Class II-Expressing Lymphatic Endothelial Cells from Reactivating Human Allogenic Memory CD4+ T Cells. J Immunol 2023; 211:782-790. [PMID: 37486193 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) express MHC class II (MHC-II) upon IFN-γ stimulation, yet recent evidence suggests that LECs cannot activate naive or memory CD4+ T cells. In this article, we show that IFN-γ-activated human dermal LECs can robustly reactivate allogeneic human memory CD4+ T cells (hCD4+ TMs), but only when TGF-β signaling is inhibited. We found that in addition to upregulating MHC-II, IFN-γ also induces LECs to upregulate glycoprotein A repetitions predominant, which anchors latent TGF-β to the membrane and potentially inhibits T cell activation. Indeed, hCD4+ TM proliferation was substantially increased when LEC-CD4+ TM cultures were treated with a TGF-β receptor type 1 inhibitor or when glycoprotein A repetitions predominant expression was silenced in LECs. Reactivated hCD4+ TMs were characterized by their proliferation, CD25 expression, and cytokine secretion. CD4+ TM reactivation was dependent on LEC expression of MHC-II, confirming direct TCR engagement. Although CD80 and CD86 were not detected on LECs, the costimulatory molecules OX40L and ICOSL were upregulated upon cytokine stimulation; however, blocking these did not affect CD4+ TM reactivation by LECs. Finally, we found that human dermal LECs also supported the maintenance of Foxp3-expressing hCD4+ TMs independently of IFN-γ-induced MHC-II. Together, these results demonstrate a role for LECs in directly modulating CD4+ TM reactivation under inflammatory conditions and point to LEC-expressed TGF-β as a negative regulator of this activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Mezyk-Kopec
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lambert Potin
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Calixto M Salles
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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6
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Song YC, Liu SJ, Lee HJ, Liao HC, Liu CT, Wu MY, Yen HR. Humoral and cellular immunity in three different types of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants in a real-world data analysis. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2023; 56:705-717. [PMID: 37055256 PMCID: PMC10065040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An effective vaccine response is currently a critical issue in the control of COVID-19. Little is known about humoral and cellular immunity comparing protein-based vaccine with other types of vaccines. The relevance of basal immunity to antibody production is also unknown. METHODS Seventy-eight individuals were enrolled in the study. The primary outcome were the level of spike-specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies measured by ELISA. Secondary measures included memory T cells and basal immunity estimated by flow cytometry and ELISA. Correlations for all parameters were calculated using the nonparametric Spearman correlation method. RESULTS We observed that two doses of mRNA-based Moderna mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine produced the highest total spike-binding antibody and neutralizing ability against the wild-type (WT), Delta, and Omicron variants. The protein-based MVC-COV1901 (MVC) vaccine developed in Taiwan produced higher spike-binding antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants and neutralizing ability against the WT strain than the adenovirus-based AstraZeneca-Oxford AZD1222 (AZ) vaccine. Moderna and AZ vaccination produced more central memory T cells in PBMC than the MVC vaccine. However, the MVC vaccine had the lowest adverse effects compared to the Moderna and AZ vaccines. Surprisingly, the basal immunity represented by TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2 prior to vaccination was negatively correlated with the production of spike-binding antibodies and neutralizing ability. CONCLUSION This study compared memory T cells, total spike-binding antibody levels, and neutralizing capacity against WT, Delta, and Omicron variants between the MVC vaccine and the widely used Moderna and AZ vaccines, which provides valuable information for future vaccine development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chyi Song
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Jen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Lee
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chun Liao
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Teng Liu
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yao Wu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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7
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Tereshchenko V, Shevyrev D, Fisher M, Bulygin A, Khantakova J, Sennikov S. TCR Sequencing in Mouse Models of Allorecognition Unveils the Features of Directly and Indirectly Activated Clonotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12075. [PMID: 37569450 PMCID: PMC10418307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Allorecognition is known to involve a large number of lymphocytes carrying diverse T-cell receptor repertoire. Thus, one way to understand allorecognition and rejection mechanisms is via high-throughput sequencing of T-cell receptors. In this study, in order to explore and systematize the properties of the alloreactive T-cell receptor repertoire, we modeled direct and indirect allorecognition pathways using material from inbred mice in vitro and in vivo. Decoding of the obtained T-cell receptor genes using high-throughput sequencing revealed some features of the alloreactive repertoires. Thus, alloreactive T-cell receptor repertoires were characterized by specific V-gene usage patterns, changes in CDR3 loop length, and some amino acid occurrence probabilities in the CDR3 loop. Particularly pronounced changes were observed for directly alloreactive clonotypes. We also revealed a clustering of directly and indirectly alloreactive clonotypes by their ability to bind a single antigen; amino acid patterns of the CDR3 loop of alloreactive clonotypes; and the presence in alloreactive repertoires of clonotypes also associated with infectious, autoimmune, and tumor diseases. The obtained results were determined by the modeling of the simplified allorecognition reaction in inbred mice in which stimulation was performed with a single MHCII molecule. We suppose that the decomposition of the diverse alloreactive TCR repertoire observed in humans with transplants into such simple reactions will help to find alloreactive repertoire features; e.g., a dominant clonotype or V-gene usage pattern, which may be targeted to correct the entire rejection reaction in patients. In this work, we propose several technical ways for such decomposition analysis, including separate modeling of the indirect alloreaction pathway and clustering of alloreactive clonotypes according to their ability to bind a single antigen, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy Tereshchenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Resource Center for Cellular Technologies and Immunology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Daniil Shevyrev
- Resource Center for Cellular Technologies and Immunology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Marina Fisher
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Aleksei Bulygin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Julia Khantakova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Sennikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
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8
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Abstract
Rapid reaction to microbes invading mucosal tissues is key to protect the host against disease. Respiratory tissue-resident memory T (TRM ) cells provide superior immunity against pathogen infection and/or re-infection, due to their presence at the site of pathogen entry. However, there has been emerging evidence that exuberant TRM -cell responses contribute to the development of various chronic respiratory conditions including pulmonary sequelae post-acute viral infections. In this review, we have described the characteristics of respiratory TRM cells and processes underlying their development and maintenance. We have reviewed TRM -cell protective functions against various respiratory pathogens as well as their pathological activities in chronic lung conditions including post-viral pulmonary sequelae. Furthermore, we have discussed potential mechanisms regulating the pathological activity of TRM cells and proposed therapeutic strategies to alleviate TRM -cell-mediated lung immunopathology. We hope that this review provides insights toward the development of future vaccines or interventions that can harness the superior protective abilities of TRM cells, while minimizing the potential for immunopathology, a particularly important topic in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Su Cheon
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Young Min Son
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea 17546
| | - Jie Sun
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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9
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Buggert M, Price DA, Mackay LK, Betts MR. Human circulating and tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells. Nat Immunol 2023:10.1038/s41590-023-01538-6. [PMID: 37349380 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01538-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Our current knowledge of human memory CD8+ T cells is derived largely from studies of the intravascular space. However, emerging data are starting to challenge some of the dogmas based on this work, suggesting that a conceptual revision may be necessary. In this review, we provide a brief history of the field and summarize the biology of circulating and tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells, which are ultimately responsible for effective immune surveillance. We also incorporate recent findings into a biologically integrated model of human memory CD8+ T cell differentiation. Finally, we address how future innovative human studies could improve our understanding of anatomically localized CD8+ T cells to inform the development of more effective immunotherapies and vaccines, the need for which has been emphasized by the global struggle to contain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Buggert
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael R Betts
- Institute for Immunology and Center for AIDS Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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Pollard J, Hynes G, Yin D, Mandal M, Gounari F, Alegre ML, Chong A. Pregnancy programs epigenetic and transcriptional exhaustion in memory CD8 + T cells. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2196637. [PMID: 37066154 PMCID: PMC10104270 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2196637/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Alloreactive memory T cells, unlike naive T cells, fail to be restrained by transplantation tolerance protocols or regulatory T cells, and therefore represent a critical barrier to long-term graft acceptance. Using female mice sensitized by rejection of fully-mismatched paternal skin allografts, we show that subsequent semi-allogeneic pregnancy successfully reprograms memory fetus/graft-specific CD8+ T cells (TFGS) towards hypofunction in a manner that is mechanistically distinct from naive TFGS. Post-partum memory TFGS were durably hypofunctional, exhibiting enhanced susceptibility to transplantation tolerance induction. Furthermore, multi-omics studies revealed that pregnancy induced extensive phenotypic and transcriptional modifications in memory TFGS reminiscent of T cell exhaustion. Strikingly, at loci transcriptionally modified in both naive and memory TFGS during pregnancy, chromatin remodeling was observed exclusively in memory and not naive TFGS. These data reveal a novel link between T cell memory and hypofunction via exhaustion circuits and pregnancy-mediated epigenetic imprinting. This conceptual advance has immediate clinical relevance to pregnancy and transplantation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Pollard
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Grace Hynes
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Dengping Yin
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Malay Mandal
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Fotini Gounari
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix AZ, USA
| | - Maria-Luisa Alegre
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Anita Chong
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
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11
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Habib JG, Liu D, Crepeau RM, Wagener ME, Ford ML. Selective CD28 blockade impacts T cell differentiation during homeostatic reconstitution following lymphodepletion. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1081163. [PMID: 36761170 PMCID: PMC9904166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1081163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Costimulation blockade targeting the CD28 pathway provides improved long-term renal allograft survival compared to calcineurin inhibitors but may be limited as CTLA-4-Ig (abatacept, belatacept) blocks both CD28 costimulation and CTLA-4 coinhibition. Directly targeting CD28 while leaving CTLA-4 intact may provide a mechanistic advantage. Fc-silent non-crosslinking CD28 antagonizing domain antibodies (dAb) are currently in clinical trials for renal transplantation. Given the current standard of care in renal transplantation at most US centers, it is likely that lymphodepletion via thymoglobulin induction therapy could be used in patients treated with CD28 antagonists. Thus, we investigated the impact of T cell depletion (TCD) on T cell phenotype following homeostatic reconstitution in a murine model of skin transplantation treated with anti-CD28dAb. Methods Skin from BALB/cJ donors was grafted onto C56BL/6 recipients which were treated with or without 0.2mg anti-CD4 and 10μg anti-CD8 one day prior to transplant and with or without 100μg anti-CD28dAb on days 0, 2, 4, 6, and weekly thereafter. Mice were euthanized six weeks post-transplant and lymphoid cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Anti-CD28dAb reversed lymphopenia-induced differentiation of memory CD4+ T cells in the spleen and lymph node compared to TCD alone. Mice treated with TCD+anti-CD28dAb exhibited significantly improved skin graft survival compared to anti-CD28dAb alone, which was also improved compared to no treatment. In addition, the expression of CD69 was reduced on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleen and lymph node from mice that received TCD+anti-CD28dAb compared to TCD alone. While a reduced frequency of CD4+FoxP3+ T cells was observed in anti-CD28dAb treated mice relative to untreated controls, this was balanced by an increased frequency of CD8+Foxp3+ T cells that was observed in the blood and kidney of mice given TCD+anti-CD28dAb compared to TCD alone. Discussion These data demonstrate that CD28 signaling impacts the differentiation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during homeostatic reconstitution following lymphodepletion, resulting in a shift towards fewer activated memory T cells and more CD8+FoxP3+ T cells, a profile that may underpin the observed prolongation in allograft survival.
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12
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Farshbafnadi M, Razi S, Rezaei N. Transplantation. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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13
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Paez-Mayorga J, Campa-Carranza JN, Capuani S, Hernandez N, Liu HC, Chua CYX, Pons-Faudoa FP, Malgir G, Alvarez B, Niles JA, Argueta LB, Shelton KA, Kezar S, Nehete PN, Berman DM, Willman MA, Li XC, Ricordi C, Nichols JE, Gaber AO, Kenyon NS, Grattoni A. Implantable niche with local immunosuppression for islet allotransplantation achieves type 1 diabetes reversal in rats. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7951. [PMID: 36572684 PMCID: PMC9792517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation efficacy for type 1 diabetes (T1D) management is limited by hypoxia-related graft attrition and need for systemic immunosuppression. To overcome these challenges, we developed the Neovascularized Implantable Cell Homing and Encapsulation (NICHE) device, which integrates direct vascularization for facile mass transfer and localized immunosuppressant delivery for islet rejection prophylaxis. Here, we investigated NICHE efficacy for allogeneic islet transplantation and long-term diabetes reversal in an immunocompetent, male rat model. We demonstrated that allogeneic islets transplanted within pre-vascularized NICHE were engrafted, revascularized, and functional, reverting diabetes in rats for over 150 days. Notably, we confirmed that localized immunosuppression prevented islet rejection without inducing toxicity or systemic immunosuppression. Moreover, for translatability efforts, we showed NICHE biocompatibility and feasibility of deployment as well as short-term allogeneic islet engraftment in an MHC-mismatched nonhuman primate model. In sum, the NICHE holds promise as a viable approach for safe and effective islet transplantation and long-term T1D management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Paez-Mayorga
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA ,grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL Mexico
| | - Jocelyn Nikita Campa-Carranza
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA ,grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL Mexico
| | - Simone Capuani
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Shijingshan, Beijing, China
| | - Nathanael Hernandez
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Hsuan-Chen Liu
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Corrine Ying Xuan Chua
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Fernanda Paola Pons-Faudoa
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Gulsah Malgir
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Bella Alvarez
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA ,grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL Mexico
| | - Jean A. Niles
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Center for Tissue Engineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Lissenya B. Argueta
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Center for Tissue Engineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Kathryn A. Shelton
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX USA
| | - Sarah Kezar
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX USA
| | - Pramod N. Nehete
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX USA ,grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Dora M. Berman
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Melissa A. Willman
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Xian C. Li
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA ,grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Joan E. Nichols
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Center for Tissue Engineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA ,grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - A. Osama Gaber
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - Norma S. Kenyon
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA ,grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA ,grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA ,grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
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14
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Niebuhr M, Bahreini F, Fähnrich A, Bomholt C, Bieber K, Schmidt E, Ibrahim S, Hammers CM, Kalies K. Analysis of T cell repertoires of CD45RO CD4 T cells in cohorts of patients with bullous pemphigoid: A pilot study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1006941. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases develop over years - starting from a subclinical phenotype to clinically manifest autoimmune disease. The factors that drive this transition are ill-defined. To predict the turning point towards clinical disease and to intervene in the progress of autoimmune-mediated dysfunction, the establishment of new biomarkers is needed. Especially CD4 T cells are crucially involved in autoimmunity: first, during the initiation phase, because they lose their tolerance towards self-peptides, and second, by the subsequent ongoing presentation of self-peptides during the active autoimmune disease. Accordingly, changes in the degree of diversity of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires in autoimmunity have been reported. These findings led to the hypothesis that transition from pre-disease to autoimmune disease is associated with an increase of abnormally expanded T cell clones that occupy large portions of the TCR repertoire. In this pilot study, we asked whether the ratio and the diversity of the TCR repertoires of circulating memory (CD45RO) and naïve (CD45RA) CD4 T cells could serve as a predictive factor for the development of autoimmunity. To find out, we analyzed the TCRβ repertoires of memory and naïve CD4 T cells in a small cohort of four gender- and age-matched elderly patients having the autoimmune blistering disease bullous pemphigoid or non-melanoma skin cancers. We found that the extent of clonal expansions in the TCRβ repertoires from the circulating memory and naïve CD4 populations did not differ between the patient groups. This result shows that the diversity of TCR repertoires from peripheral CD4 T cells does not reflect the manifestation of the skin-associated autoimmune disease BP and does not qualify as a prognostic factor. We propose that longitudinal TCR repertoire analysis of younger patients might be more informative.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Classic and Current Opinions in Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation. Cureus 2022; 14:e30982. [PMID: 36337306 PMCID: PMC9624478 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft tolerance is a pathophysiological condition heavily reliant on the dynamic interaction of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Genetic polymorphism determines immune responses to tissue/organ transplantation, and intricate humoral and cell-mediated mechanisms control these responses. In transplantation, the clinician's goal is to achieve a delicate equilibrium between the allogeneic immune response, undesired effects of the immunosuppressive drugs, and the existing morbidities that are potentially life-threatening. Transplant immunopathology involves sensitization, effector, and apoptosis phases which recruit and engages immunological cells like natural killer cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes. Similarly, these cells are involved in the transfer of normal or genetically engineered T cells. Advances in tissue transplantation would involve a profound knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that underpin the respective immunopathology involved and the design of precision medicines that are safe and effective.
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16
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Tran-Dinh A, Laurent Q, Even G, Tanaka S, Lortat-Jacob B, Castier Y, Mal H, Messika J, Mordant P, Nicoletti A, Montravers P, Caligiuri G, Morilla I. Personalized risk predictor for acute cellular rejection in lung transplant using soluble CD31. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17628. [PMID: 36271122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the contribution of artificial intelligence in predicting the risk of acute cellular rejection (ACR) using early plasma levels of soluble CD31 (sCD31) in combination with recipient haematosis, which was measured by the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional oxygen inspired (PaO2/FiO2) and respiratory SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) within 3 days of lung transplantation (LTx). CD31 is expressed on endothelial cells, leukocytes and platelets and acts as a "peace-maker" at the blood/vessel interface. Upon nonspecific activation, CD31 can be cleaved, released, and detected in the plasma (sCD31). The study included 40 lung transplant recipients, seven (17.5%) of whom experienced ACR. We modelled the plasma levels of sCD31 as a nonlinear dependent variable of the PaO2/FiO2 and respiratory SOFA over time using multivariate and multimodal models. A deep convolutional network classified the time series models of each individual associated with the risk of ACR to each individual in the cohort.
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Udomkarnjananun S, Francke MI, Dieterich M, van de Velde D, Verhoeven JGHP, Boer K, Clahsen-Van Groningen MC, De Winter BCM, Baan CC, Hesselink DA. Association Between the Intracellular Tacrolimus Concentration in CD3 + T Lymphocytes and CD14 + Monocytes and Acute Kidney Transplant Rejection. Ther Drug Monit 2022; 44:625-632. [PMID: 35358111 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular tacrolimus concentration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (TAC [PBMC] ) has been proposed to better represent its active concentration than its whole blood concentration. As tacrolimus acts on T lymphocytes and other white blood cells, including monocytes, we investigated the association of tacrolimus concentration in CD3 + T lymphocytes (TAC [CD3] ) and CD14 + monocytes (TAC [CD14] ) with acute rejection after kidney transplantation. METHODS From a total of 61 samples in this case-control study, 28 samples were obtained during biopsy-proven acute rejection (rejection group), and 33 samples were obtained in the absence of rejection (control group). PBMCs were collected from both cryopreserved (retrospectively) and freshly obtained (prospectively) samples. CD3 + T lymphocytes and CD14 + monocytes were isolated from PBMCs, and their intracellular tacrolimus concentrations were measured. RESULTS The correlation between tacrolimus whole-blood and intracellular concentrations was poor. TAC [CD3] was significantly lower than TAC [CD14] (median 12.8 versus 81.6 pg/million cells; P < 0.001). No difference in TAC [PBMC] (48.5 versus 44.4 pg/million cells; P = 0.82), TAC [CD3] (13.4 versus 12.5 pg/million cells; P = 0.28), and TAC [CD14] (90.0 versus 72.8 pg/million cells; P = 0.27) was found between the rejection and control groups. However, freshly isolated PBMCs showed significantly higher TAC [PBMC] than PBMCs from cryopreserved samples. Subgroup analysis of intracellular tacrolimus concentrations from freshly isolated cells did not show a difference between rejectors and nonrejectors. CONCLUSIONS Differences in TAC [CD3] and TAC [CD14] between patients with and without rejection could not be demonstrated. However, further optimization of the cell isolation process is required because a difference in TAC [PBMC] between fresh and cryopreserved cells was observed. These results need to be confirmed in a study with a larger number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwasin Udomkarnjananun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marith I Francke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Dieterich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daan van de Velde
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Jeroen G H P Verhoeven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marian C Clahsen-Van Groningen
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda C M De Winter
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis A Hesselink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Transplantation is the only curative treatment for patients with kidney failure but it poses unique immunological challenges that must be overcome to prevent allograft rejection and ensure long-term graft survival. Alloreactive T cells are important contributors to graft rejection, and a clearer understanding of the mechanisms by which these cells recognize donor antigens - through direct, indirect or semi-direct pathways - will facilitate their therapeutic targeting. Post-T cell priming rejection responses can also be modified by targeting pathways that regulate T cell trafficking, survival cytokines or innate immune activation. Moreover, the quantity and quality of donor-reactive memory T cells crucially shape alloimmune responses. Of note, many fundamental concepts in transplant immunology have been derived from models of infection. However, the programmed differentiation of allograft-specific T cell responses is probably distinct from that of pathogen-elicited responses, owing to the dearth of pathogen-derived innate immune activation in the transplantation setting. Understanding the fundamental (and potentially unique) immunological pathways that lead to allograft rejection is therefore a prerequisite for the rational development of therapeutics that promote transplantation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Duneton
- Paediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pamela D Winterberg
- Paediatric Nephrology, Emory University Department of Paediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Abdullah EL, Jalalonmuhali M, Ng KP, Jamaluddin FA, Lim SK. The Role of Lymphocyte Subset in Predicting Allograft Rejections in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc 2022:S0041-1345(22)00065-3. [PMID: 35246329 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allograft rejection remains a significant challenge in managing post-transplant recipients despite the improvement in immunologic risk assessment and immunosuppressive therapy. Published literature including animal studies has demonstrated that the cells responsible for rejection are beyond the innate T and B cells, and other studies revealed evidence supporting natural killer (NK) cells' role in kidney allograft injury. This study aims to find the association between the peripheral blood lymphocyte subset counts, primarily NK cells, and the kidney allograft biopsy findings. METHODS This is a prospective cross-sectional study among a total of 100 kidney allograft biopsies in 61 kidney transplant recipients. The peripheral blood for the lymphocyte subset was sent just before the allograft biopsy. The patients' immunosuppression and other laboratory investigations were managed as per clinical practices by the attending nephrologist. RESULTS Overall, the mean age of our patients was 43.72 ± 10.68 years old, and 55.7% of recipients were male. Higher counts of T cells (CD4+; 658.8 ± 441.4 cells/µL; P = .043) and NK cells (CD3-CD16+CD56+; 188 [interquartile range = 133.0-363.0 cells/µL]; P = .002) were associated with higher risk of allograft rejection in the initial analysis. Patients with an allograft age <12 months had significantly higher total T cells, CD4+ T cells, and NK cells in the rejection groups. However, after assessing factors associated with rejection in the multivariate analysis, we only found that being ABO-incompatible and having >497 CD4+ cells/µL had a higher odds of allograft rejection. CONCLUSIONS Higher CD4± counts were associated with a higher risk of allograft rejection. However, there was no significant increase in CD8±, CD19±, and NK cells count in our cohort with allograft rejection.
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Kaundal U, Ramachandran R, Arora A, Kenwar DB, Sharma RR, Nada R, Minz M, Jha V, Rakha A. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Mediate Clinically Unpromising but Favourable Immune Responses in Kidney Transplant Patients. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:2154544. [PMID: 35211176 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2154544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allograft rejection postkidney transplantation (KTx) is a major clinical challenge despite increased access to a healthcare system and improvement in immunosuppressive (IS) drugs. In recent years, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have aroused considerable interest in field of transplantation due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. This study was aimed at investigating safety, feasibility, and immunological effects of autologous MSCs (auto-MSCs) and allogeneic MSCs (allo-MSCs) as a complement to IS drug therapy in KTx patients. Methods 10 patients undergoing KTx with a living-related donor were analysed along with 5 patients in the control group. Patients were given auto-MSCs or allo-MSCs at two time points, i.e., one day before transplant (D-0) and 30 days after transplant (D-30) at the rate of 1.0-1.5 × 106 MSCs per kg body weight in addition to immunosuppressants. Patients were followed up for 2 years, and 29 immunologically relevant lymphocyte subsets and 8 cytokines and important biomarkers were analysed at all time points. Results Patients displayed no signs of discomfort or dose-related toxicities in response to MSC infusion. Flow cytometric analysis revealed an increase in B regulatory lymphocyte populations and nonconventional T regulatory cells and a decrease in T effector lymphocyte proportions in auto-MSC-infused patients. No such favourable immune responses were observed in all MSC-infused patients. Conclusion This study provides evidence that auto-MSCs are safe and well tolerated. This is the first ever report to compare autologous and allogeneic MSC infusion in KTx patients. Importantly, our data demonstrated that MSC-induced immune responses in patients did not completely correlate with clinical outcomes. Our findings add to the current perspective of using MSCs in KTx and explore possibilities through which donor/recipient chimerism can be achieved to induce immune tolerance in KTx patients.
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21
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Tian G, Li M, Lv G. Analysis of T-Cell Receptor Repertoire in Transplantation: Fingerprint of T Cell-mediated Alloresponse. Front Immunol 2022; 12:778559. [PMID: 35095851 PMCID: PMC8790170 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.778559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells play a key role in determining allograft function by mediating allogeneic immune responses to cause rejection, and recent work pointed their role in mediating tolerance in transplantation. The unique T-cell receptor (TCR) expressed on the surface of each T cell determines the antigen specificity of the cell and can be the specific fingerprint for identifying and monitoring. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques provide powerful tools for deep and high-throughput TCR profiling, and facilitate to depict the entire T cell repertoire profile and trace antigen-specific T cells in circulation and local tissues. Tailing T cell transcriptomes and TCR sequences at the single cell level provides a full landscape of alloreactive T-cell clones development and biofunction in alloresponse. Here, we review the recent advances in TCR sequencing techniques and computational tools, as well as the recent discovery in overall TCR profile and antigen-specific T cells tracking in transplantation. We further discuss the challenges and potential of using TCR sequencing-based assays to profile alloreactive TCR repertoire as the fingerprint for immune monitoring and prediction of rejection and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mingqian Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoyue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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22
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Lewis EL, Xu R, Beltra JC, Ngiow SF, Cohen J, Telange R, Crane A, Sawinski D, Wherry EJ, Porrett PM. NFAT-dependent and -independent exhaustion circuits program maternal CD8 T cell hypofunction in pregnancy. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20201599. [PMID: 34882194 PMCID: PMC8666877 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a common immunization event, but the molecular mechanisms and immunological consequences provoked by pregnancy remain largely unknown. We used mouse models and human transplant registry data to reveal that pregnancy induced exhausted CD8 T cells (Preg-TEX), which associated with prolonged allograft survival. Maternal CD8 T cells shared features of exhaustion with CD8 T cells from cancer and chronic infection, including transcriptional down-regulation of ribosomal proteins and up-regulation of TOX and inhibitory receptors. Similar to other models of T cell exhaustion, NFAT-dependent elements of the exhaustion program were induced by fetal antigen in pregnancy, whereas NFAT-independent elements did not require fetal antigen. Despite using conserved molecular circuitry, Preg-TEX cells differed from TEX cells in chronic viral infection with respect to magnitude and dependency of T cell hypofunction on NFAT-independent signals. Altogether, these data reveal the molecular mechanisms and clinical consequences of maternal CD8 T cell hypofunction and identify pregnancy as a previously unappreciated context in which T cell exhaustion may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jean-Christophe Beltra
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shin Foong Ngiow
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jordana Cohen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rahul Telange
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Alexander Crane
- Department of Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Deirdre Sawinski
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E. John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paige M. Porrett
- Department of Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Comprehensive Transplant Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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23
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Mujtahedi SS, Yigitbilek F, Ozdogan E, Schinstock CA, Stegall MD. Antibody-Mediated Rejection: the Role of Plasma Cells and Memory B Cells. Curr Transpl Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-021-00342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Abstract
PI3K signalling is required for activation, differentiation, and trafficking of T cells. PI3Kδ, the dominant PI3K isoform in T cells, has been extensively characterised using PI3Kδ mutant mouse models and PI3K inhibitors. Furthermore, characterisation of patients with Activated PI3K Delta Syndrome (APDS) and mouse models with hyperactive PI3Kδ have shed light on how increased PI3Kδ activity affects T cell functions. An important function of PI3Kδ is that it acts downstream of TCR stimulation to activate the major T cell integrin, LFA-1, which controls transendothelial migration of T cells as well as their interaction with antigen-presenting cells. PI3Kδ also suppresses the cell surface expression of CD62L and CCR7 which controls the migration of T cells across high endothelial venules in the lymph nodes and S1PR1 which controls lymph node egress. Therefore, PI3Kδ can control both entry and exit of T cells from lymph nodes as well as the recruitment to and retention of T cells within inflamed tissues. This review will focus on the regulation of adhesion receptors by PI3Kδ and how this contributes to T cell trafficking and localisation. These findings are relevant for our understanding of how PI3Kδ inhibitors may affect T cell redistribution and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer H Johansen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dominic P Golec
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Julie H Thomsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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25
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Kwon Y, Lee KW, Kim YM, Park H, Jung MK, Choi YJ, Son JK, Hong J, Park SH, Kwon GY, Yoo H, Kim K, Kim SJ, Park JB, Shin EC. Expansion of CD45RA -FOXP3 ++ regulatory T cells is associated with immune tolerance in patients with combined kidney and bone marrow transplantation. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1325. [PMID: 34401148 PMCID: PMC8353318 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Simultaneous transplantation of a solid organ and bone marrow from the same donor is a possible means of achieving transplant tolerance. Here, we attempted to identify biomarkers that indicate transplant tolerance for discontinuation of immunosuppressants in combined kidney and bone marrow transplantation (CKBMT). Methods Conventional kidney transplant (KT) recipients (n = 20) and CKBMT recipients (n = 6) were included in this study. We examined various immunological parameters by flow cytometry using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), including the frequency and phenotype of regulatory T (Treg) cell subpopulations. We also examined the suppressive activity of the Treg cell population in the setting of mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) with or without Treg cell depletion. Results Among six CKBMT recipients, three successfully discontinued immunosuppressants (tolerant group) and three could not (non‐tolerant group). The CD45RA−FOXP3++ Treg cell subpopulation was expanded in CKBMT recipients compared to conventional kidney transplant patients, and this was more obvious in the tolerant group than the non‐tolerant group. In addition, high suppressive activity of the Treg cell population was observed in the tolerant group. The ratio of CD45RA−FOXP3++ Treg cells to CD45RA−FOXP3+ cells indicated good discrimination between the tolerant and non‐tolerant groups. Conclusion Thus, our findings propose a biomarker that can distinguish CKBMT patients who achieve transplant tolerance and are eligible for discontinuation of immunosuppressants and may provide insight into tolerance mechanisms in CKBMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongbeen Kwon
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST) Graduate School Department of Health Sciences & Technology Sungkyunkwan University Seoul Korea.,Transplantation Research Center Samsung Medical Center Samsung Biomedical Research Institute Seoul Korea
| | - Kyo Won Lee
- Transplantation Research Center Samsung Medical Center Samsung Biomedical Research Institute Seoul Korea.,Department of Surgery Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - You Min Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Korea
| | - Hyojun Park
- Transplantation Research Center Samsung Medical Center Samsung Biomedical Research Institute Seoul Korea.,Department of Medicine Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Suwon Korea.,GenNbio Inc. Seoul Korea
| | - Min Kyung Jung
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Korea
| | - Young Joon Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Son
- Transplantation Research Center Samsung Medical Center Samsung Biomedical Research Institute Seoul Korea.,GenNbio Inc. Seoul Korea
| | - JuHee Hong
- Transplantation Research Center Samsung Medical Center Samsung Biomedical Research Institute Seoul Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Korea
| | - Ghee Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Heejin Yoo
- Statistics and Data Center Samsung Medical Center Research Institute for Future Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Kyunga Kim
- Statistics and Data Center Samsung Medical Center Research Institute for Future Medicine Seoul Korea.,Department of Digital Health Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology Sungkyunkwan University Seoul Korea
| | - Sung Joo Kim
- Transplantation Research Center Samsung Medical Center Samsung Biomedical Research Institute Seoul Korea.,Department of Medicine Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Suwon Korea.,GenNbio Inc. Seoul Korea
| | - Jae Berm Park
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST) Graduate School Department of Health Sciences & Technology Sungkyunkwan University Seoul Korea.,Transplantation Research Center Samsung Medical Center Samsung Biomedical Research Institute Seoul Korea.,Department of Surgery Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Korea
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26
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Dai Y, Wang J, Jeong HH, Chen W, Jia P, Zhao Z. Association of CXCR6 with COVID-19 severity: delineating the host genetic factors in transcriptomic regulation. Hum Genet 2021; 140:1313-28. [PMID: 34155559 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that mainly affects the host respiratory system with ~ 80% asymptomatic or mild cases and ~ 5% severe cases. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several genetic loci associated with the severe COVID-19 symptoms. Delineating the genetic variants and genes is important for better understanding its biological mechanisms. We implemented integrative approaches, including transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS), colocalization analysis, and functional element prediction analysis, to interpret the genetic risks using two independent GWAS datasets in lung and immune cells. To understand the context-specific molecular alteration, we further performed deep learning-based single-cell transcriptomic analyses on a bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) dataset from moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. We discovered and replicated the genetically regulated expression of CXCR6 and CCR9 genes. These two genes have a protective effect on lung, and a risk effect on whole blood, respectively. The colocalization analysis of GWAS and cis-expression quantitative trait loci highlighted the regulatory effect on CXCR6 expression in lung and immune cells. In the lung-resident memory CD8+ T (TRM) cells, we found a 2.24-fold decrease of cell proportion among CD8+ T cells and lower expression of CXCR6 in the severe patients than moderate patients. Pro-inflammatory transcriptional programs were highlighted in the TRM cellular trajectory from moderate to severe patients. CXCR6 from the 3p21.31 locus is associated with severe COVID-19. CXCR6 tends to have a lower expression in lung TRM cells of severe patients, which aligns with the protective effect of CXCR6 from TWAS analysis.
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27
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Lai X, Zheng X, Mathew JM, Gallon L, Leventhal JR, Zhang ZJ. Tackling Chronic Kidney Transplant Rejection: Challenges and Promises. Front Immunol 2021; 12:661643. [PMID: 34093552 PMCID: PMC8173220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in post-transplant management, the long-term survival rate of kidney grafts and patients has not improved as approximately forty percent of transplants fails within ten years after transplantation. Both immunologic and non-immunologic factors contribute to late allograft loss. Chronic kidney transplant rejection (CKTR) is often clinically silent yet progressive allogeneic immune process that leads to cumulative graft injury, deterioration of graft function. Chronic active T cell mediated rejection (TCMR) and chronic active antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) are classified as two principal subtypes of CKTR. While significant improvements have been made towards a better understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms and diagnostic classifications of CKTR, lack of early detection, differential diagnosis and effective therapies continue to pose major challenges for long-term management. Recent development of high throughput cellular and molecular biotechnologies has allowed rapid development of new biomarkers associated with chronic renal injury, which not only provide insight into pathogenesis of chronic rejection but also allow for early detection. In parallel, several novel therapeutic strategies have emerged which may hold great promise for improvement of long-term graft and patient survival. With a brief overview of current understanding of pathogenesis, standard diagnosis and challenges in the context of CKTR, this mini-review aims to provide updates and insights into the latest development of promising novel biomarkers for diagnosis and novel therapeutic interventions to prevent and treat CKTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Lai
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Organ Transplant Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Urology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - James M Mathew
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lorenzo Gallon
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joseph R Leventhal
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zheng Jenny Zhang
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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28
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Unterweger AL, Jensen MØ, Giordanetto F, Jogini V, Rüschher A, Seuß M, Winkelmann P, Koletzko L, Shaw DE, Siebeck M, Gropp R, Beigel F, Aszodi A. Suppressing Kv1.3 Ion Channel Activity with a Novel Small Molecule Inhibitor Ameliorates Inflammation in a Humanised Mouse Model of Ulcerative Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1943-1958. [PMID: 33891001 PMCID: PMC8575044 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The potassium channel Kv1.3 is a potentially attractive therapeutic target in T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases, as the activity of antigen-activated T cells is selectively impeded by Kv1.3 inhibition. In this study, we examined Kv1.3 as a potential therapeutic intervention point for ulcerative colitis [UC], and studied the efficacy of DES1, a small-molecule inhibitor of Kv1.3, in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Kv1.3 expression on T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs] isolated from donors with and without UC was examined by flow cytometry. In biopsies from UC patients, Kv1.3-expressing CD4+ T cells were detected by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, we determined the ability of DES1 to inhibit anti-CD3-driven activation of T cells. In vivo, the efficacy of DES1 was determined in a humanised mouse model of UC and compared with infliximab and tofacitinib in head-to-head studies. RESULTS Kv1.3 expression was elevated in PBMCs from UC patients and correlated with the prevalence of TH1 and TH2 T cells. Kv1.3 expression was also detected on T cells from biopsies of UC patients. In vitro, DES1 suppressed anti-CD3-driven activation of T cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo, DES1 significantly ameliorated inflammation in the UC model and most effectively so when PBMCs from donors with higher levels of activated T cells were selected for reconstitution. The efficacy of DES1 was comparable to that of either infliximab or tofacitinib. CONCLUSION Inhibition of Kv1.3 [by DES1, for instance] appears to be a potential therapeutic intervention strategy for UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Unterweger
- Department of General, Visceral und Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Alena Rüschher
- Department of General, Visceral und Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Marietta Seuß
- Department of General, Visceral und Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Paula Winkelmann
- Department of General, Visceral und Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Leandra Koletzko
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMUMunich, Germany
| | - David E Shaw
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthias Siebeck
- Department of General, Visceral und Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Roswitha Gropp
- Department of General, Visceral und Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany,Corresponding author: Roswitha Gropp, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Nussbaumstr. 20, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Florian Beigel
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMUMunich, Germany
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany’
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29
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Abstract
Despite significant advances in prevention and treatment of transplant rejection with immunosuppressive medications, we continue to face challenges of long-term graft survival, detrimental medication side effects to both the recipient and transplanted organ together with risks for opportunistic infections. Transplantation tolerance has so far only been achieved through hematopoietic chimerism, which carries with it a serious and life-threatening risk of graft versus host disease, along with variability in persistence of chimerism and uncertainty of sustained tolerance. More recently, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have explored the therapeutic potential of silent clearance of apoptotic cells which have been well known to aid in maintaining peripheral tolerance to self. Apoptotic cells from a donor not only have the ability of down regulating the immune response, but also are a way of providing donor antigens to recipient antigen-presenting-cells that can then promote donor-specific peripheral tolerance. Herein, we review both laboratory and clinical evidence that support the utility of apoptotic cell-based therapies in prevention and treatment of graft versus host disease and transplant rejection along with induction of donor-specific tolerance in solid organ transplantation. We have highlighted the potential limitations and challenges of this apoptotic donor cell-based therapy together with ongoing advancements and attempts made to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Husain
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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30
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Dai Y, Wang J, Jeong HH, Chen W, Jia P, Zhao Z. Association of CXCR6 with COVID-19 severity: Delineating the host genetic factors in transcriptomic regulation. bioRxiv 2021. [PMID: 33619490 PMCID: PMC7899454 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.17.431554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that mainly affects the host respiratory system with ~80% asymptomatic or mild cases and ~5% severe cases. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several genetic loci associated with the severe COVID-19 symptoms. Delineating the genetic variants and genes is important for better understanding its biological mechanisms. Methods: We implemented integrative approaches, including transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS), colocalization analysis and functional element prediction analysis, to interpret the genetic risks using two independent GWAS datasets in lung and immune cells. To understand the context-specific molecular alteration, we further performed deep learning-based single cell transcriptomic analyses on a bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) dataset from moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. Results: We discovered and replicated the genetically regulated expression of CXCR6 and CCR9 genes. These two genes have a protective effect on the lung and a risk effect on whole blood, respectively. The colocalization analysis of GWAS and cis-expression quantitative trait loci highlighted the regulatory effect on CXCR6 expression in lung and immune cells. In the lung resident memory CD8+ T (TRM) cells, we found a 3.32-fold decrease of cell proportion and lower expression of CXCR6 in the severe than moderate patients using the BALF transcriptomic dataset. Pro-inflammatory transcriptional programs were highlighted in TRM cells trajectory from moderate to severe patients. Conclusions: CXCR6 from the 3p21.31 locus is associated with severe COVID-19. CXCR6 tends to have a lower expression in lung TRM cells of severe patients, which aligns with the protective effect of CXCR6 from TWAS analysis. We illustrate one potential mechanism of host genetic factor impacting the severity of COVID-19 through regulating the expression of CXCR6 and TRM cell proportion and stability. Our results shed light on potential therapeutic targets for severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Dai
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junke Wang
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hyun-Hwan Jeong
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenhao Chen
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute and Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Peilin Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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31
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Qiu F, Lu W, Ye S, Liu H, Zeng Q, Huang H, Liang CL, Chen Y, Zheng F, Zhang Q, Lu CJ, Dai Z. Berberine Promotes Induction of Immunological Tolerance to an Allograft via Downregulating Memory CD8 + T-Cells Through Altering the Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol 2021; 12:646831. [PMID: 33643325 PMCID: PMC7907598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.646831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has linked the gut microbiota dysbiosis to transplant rejection while memory T-cells pose a threat to long-term transplant survival. However, it's unclear if the gut microbiome alters the formation and function of alloreactive memory T-cells. Here we studied the effects of berberine, a narrow-spectrum antibiotic that is barely absorbed when orally administered, on the gut microbiota, memory T-cells, and allograft survival. In this study, C57BL/6 mice transplanted with islets or a heart from BALB/c mice were treated orally with berberine. Allograft survival was observed, while spleen, and lymph node T-cells from recipient mice were analyzed using a flow cytometer. High-throughput sequencing and qPCR were performed to analyze the gut microbiota. CD8+ T-cells from recipients were cultured with the bacteria to determine potential T-cell memory cross-reactivity to a specific pathogen. We found that berberine suppressed islet allograft rejection, reduced effector CD8+CD44highCD62Llow and central memory CD8+CD44highCD62Lhigh T-cells (TCM), altered the gut microbiota composition and specifically lowered Bacillus cereus abundance. Further, berberine promoted long-term islet allograft survival induced by conventional costimulatory blockade and induced cardiac allograft tolerance as well. Re-colonization of B. cereus upregulated CD8+ TCM cells and reversed long-term islet allograft survival induced by berberine plus the conventional costimulatory blockade. Finally, alloantigen-experienced memory CD8+ T-cells from transplanted recipients rapidly responded to B. cereus in vitro. Thus, berberine prolonged allograft survival by repressing CD8+ TCM through regulating the gut microbiota. We have provided the first evidence that donor-specific memory T-cell generation is linked to a specific microbe and uncovered a novel mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of berberine. This study may be implicated for suppressing human transplant rejection since berberine is already used in clinic to treat intestinal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Qiu
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihui Lu
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shulin Ye
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaohuang Zeng
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiding Huang
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Ling Liang
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunfang Zhang
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Jian Lu
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Steevens AR, Griesbach MW, You Y, Dutton JR, Low WC, Santi PA. Generation of inner ear sensory neurons using blastocyst complementation in a Neurog1 +/--deficient mouse. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:122. [PMID: 33579352 PMCID: PMC7881691 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This research is the first to produce induced pluripotent stem cell-derived inner ear sensory neurons in the Neurog1+/− heterozygote mouse using blastocyst complementation. Additionally, this approach corrected non-sensory deficits associated with Neurog1 heterozygosity, indicating that complementation is specific to endogenous Neurog1 function. This work validates the use of blastocyst complementation as a tool to create novel insight into the function of developmental genes and highlights blastocyst complementation as a potential platform for generating chimeric inner ear cell types that can be transplanted into damaged inner ears to improve hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleta R Steevens
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | | | - Yun You
- Mouse Genetics Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James R Dutton
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Walter C Low
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter A Santi
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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33
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Abstract
Immunologic memory is the ability of adaptive immune system to quickly and specifically recognize previously encountered antigens and initiate an effector response. Alloreactive memory cells can mount rapid and robust responses to the transplanted organ resulting in allograft injury. Thus preexisting humoral or cellular memory alloresponses are typically associated with poor graft outcomes in experimental and clinical transplantation. While both B and T lymphocytes exhibit memory responses, this review discusses recent updates on the biology of memory T cells and their relevance to the field of transplantation. Three major areas of focus are the emergence and characterization of tissue resident memory T cells, manipulation of T cell metabolic pathways, and the latest promising approaches to targeting detrimental T cell memory in the settings of organ transplantation.
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34
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Haigh OL, Grant EJ, Nguyen THO, Kedzierska K, Field MA, Miles JJ. Genetic Bias, Diversity Indices, Physiochemical Properties and CDR3 Motifs Divide Auto-Reactive from Allo-Reactive T-Cell Repertoires. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1625. [PMID: 33562731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinct properties of allo-reactive T-cell repertoires are not well understood. To investigate whether auto-reactive and allo-reactive T-cell repertoires encoded distinct properties, we used dextramer enumeration, enrichment, single-cell T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing and multiparameter analysis. We found auto-reactive and allo-reactive T-cells differed in mean ex vivo frequency which was antigen dependent. Allo-reactive T-cells showed clear differences in TCR architecture, with enriched usage of specific T-cell receptor variable (TRBJ) genes and broader use of T-cell receptor variable joining (TRBJ) genes. Auto-reactive T-cell repertoires exhibited complementary determining regions three (CDR3) lengths using a Gaussian distribution whereas allo-reactive T-cell repertoires exhibited distorted patterns in CDR3 length. CDR3 loops from allo-reactive T-cells showed distinct physical-chemical properties, tending to encode loops that were more acidic in charge. Allo-reactive T-cell repertoires differed in diversity metrics, tending to show increased overall diversity and increased homogeneity between repertoires. Motif analysis of CDR3 loops showed allo-reactive T-cell repertoires differed in motif preference which included broader motif use. Collectively, these data conclude that allo-reactive T-cell repertoires are indeed different to auto-reactive repertoires and provide tangible metrics for further investigations and validation. Given that the antigens studied here are overexpressed on multiple cancers and that allo-reactive TCRs often show increased ligand affinity, this new TCR bank also has translational potential for adoptive cell therapy, soluble TCR-based therapy and rational TCR design.
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35
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Dudreuilh C, Basu S, Scottà C, Dorling A, Lombardi G. Potential Application of T-Follicular Regulatory Cell Therapy in Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 11:612848. [PMID: 33603742 PMCID: PMC7884443 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) constitute a small proportion of circulating CD4+ T cells that function to maintain homeostasis and prevent autoimmunity. In light of their powerful immunosuppressive and tolerance-promoting properties, Tregs have become an interesting potential candidate for therapeutic use in conditions such as solid organ transplant or to treat autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. Clinical studies have demonstrated the safety of polyclonally expanded Tregs in graft-versus-host disease, type 1 diabetes, and more recently in renal and liver transplantation. However, Tregs are heterogenous. Recent insights indicate that only a small proportion of Tregs, called T follicular regulatory cells (Tfr) regulate interactions between B cells and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells within the germinal center. Tfr have been mainly described in mouse models due to the challenges of sampling secondary lymphoid organs in humans. However, emerging human studies, characterize Tfr as being CD4+CD25+FOXP3+CXCR5+ cells with different levels of PD-1 and ICOS expression depending on their localization, in the blood or the germinal center. The exact role they play in transplantation remains to be elucidated. However, given the potential ability of these cells to modulate antibody responses to allo-antigens, there is great interest in exploring translational applications in situations where B cell responses need to be regulated. Here, we review the current knowledge of Tfr and the role they play focusing on human diseases and transplantation. We also discuss the potential future applications of Tfr therapy in transplantation and examine the evidence for a role of Tfr in antibody production, acute and chronic rejection and tertiary lymphoid organs. Furthermore, the potential impact of immunosuppression on Tfr will be explored. Based on preclinical research, we will analyse the rationale of Tfr therapy in solid organ transplantation and summarize the different challenges to be overcome before Tfr therapy can be implemented into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dudreuilh
- Department of Inflammation Biology, King's College London (KCL), Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Nephrology, Urology and Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre-Transplant Theme, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sumoyee Basu
- Department of Inflammation Biology, King's College London (KCL), Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Nephrology, Urology and Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre-Transplant Theme, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristiano Scottà
- Centre for Nephrology, Urology and Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre-Transplant Theme, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science, King's College London (KCL), Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Dorling
- Department of Inflammation Biology, King's College London (KCL), Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Nephrology, Urology and Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre-Transplant Theme, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Centre for Nephrology, Urology and Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre-Transplant Theme, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science, King's College London (KCL), Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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36
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Boix F, Legaz I, Minhas A, Alfaro R, Jiménez–Coll V, Mrowiec A, Martínez–Banaclocha H, Galián JA, Botella C, Moya–Quiles MR, Sanchez–Bueno F, Robles R, de la Peña–Moral J, Ramirez P, Pons JA, Minguela A, Muro M. Identification of peripheral CD154 + T cells and HLA-DRB1 as biomarkers of acute cellular rejection in adult liver transplant recipients. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 203:315-328. [PMID: 33025622 PMCID: PMC7806417 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreasing graft rejection and increasing graft and patient survival are great challenges facing liver transplantation (LT). Different T cell subsets participate in the acute cellular rejection (ACR) of the allograft. Cell-mediated immunity markers of the recipient could help to understand the mechanisms underlying acute rejection. This study aimed to analyse different surface antigens on T cells in a cohort of adult liver patients undergoing LT to determine the influence on ACR using multi-parametric flow cytometry functional assay. Thirty patients were monitored at baseline and during 1 year post-transplant. Two groups were established, with (ACR) and without (NACR) acute cellular rejection. Leukocyte, total lymphocyte, percentages of CD4+ CD154+ and CD8+ CD154+ T cells, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch between recipient-donor and their relation with ACR as well as the acute rejection frequencies were analysed. T cells were stimulated with concanavalin A (Con-A) and surface antigens were analysed by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. A high percentage of CD4+ CD154+ T cells (P = 0·001) and a low percentage of CD8+ CD154+ T cells (P = 0·002) at baseline were statistically significant in ACR. A receiver operating characteristic analysis determined the cut-off values capable to stratify patients at high risk of ACR with high sensitivity and specificity for CD4+ CD154+ (P = 0·001) and CD8+ CD154+ T cells (P = 0·002). In logistic regression analysis, CD4+ CD154+ , CD8+ CD154+ and HLA mismatch were confirmed as independent risk factors to ACR. Post-transplant percentages of both T cell subsets were significantly higher in ACR, despite variations compared to pretransplant. These findings support the selection of candidates for LT based on the pretransplant percentages of CD4+ CD154+ and CD8+ CD154+ T cells in parallel with other transplant factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Boix
- Haematology ServiceUniversity Hospital of SalamancaResearch Biomedical Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL)SalamancaSpain
| | - I. Legaz
- Department of Legal and Forensic MedicineFaculty of MedicineBiomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’University of MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - A. Minhas
- Clinical Transplantation LaboratoryBarts Health NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - R. Alfaro
- Immunology ServiceUniversity Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca–Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)MurciaSpain
| | - V. Jiménez–Coll
- Immunology ServiceUniversity Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca–Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)MurciaSpain
| | - A. Mrowiec
- Immunology ServiceUniversity Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca–Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)MurciaSpain
| | - H. Martínez–Banaclocha
- Immunology ServiceUniversity Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca–Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)MurciaSpain
| | - J. A. Galián
- Immunology ServiceUniversity Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca–Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)MurciaSpain
| | - C. Botella
- Immunology ServiceUniversity Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca–Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)MurciaSpain
| | - M. R. Moya–Quiles
- Immunology ServiceUniversity Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca–Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)MurciaSpain
| | - F. Sanchez–Bueno
- SurgeryUniversity Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca–Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)MurciaSpain
| | - R. Robles
- SurgeryUniversity Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca–Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)MurciaSpain
| | - J. de la Peña–Moral
- PathologyUniversity Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca–Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)MurciaSpain
| | - P. Ramirez
- SurgeryUniversity Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca–Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)MurciaSpain
| | - J. A. Pons
- Digestive Medicine ServicesUniversity Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca–Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)MurciaSpain
| | - A. Minguela
- Immunology ServiceUniversity Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca–Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)MurciaSpain
| | - M. Muro
- Immunology ServiceUniversity Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca–Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB)MurciaSpain
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37
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Binder C, Sellberg F, Cvetkovski F, Berglund E, Berglund D. Siplizumab, an Anti-CD2 Monoclonal Antibody, Induces a Unique Set of Immune Modulatory Effects Compared to Alemtuzumab and Rabbit Anti-Thymocyte Globulin In Vitro. Front Immunol 2020; 11:592553. [PMID: 33262770 PMCID: PMC7686512 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.592553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are commonly used in organ transplant induction therapy and to treat autoimmune disorders. The effects of some biologics on the human immune system remain incompletely characterized and a deeper understanding of their mechanisms of action may provide useful insights for their clinical application. The goal of this study was to contrast the mechanistic properties of siplizumab with Alemtuzumab and rabbit Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (rATG). Mechanistic assay systems investigating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis and complement-dependent cytotoxicity were used to characterize siplizumab. Further, functional effects of siplizumab, Alemtuzumab, and rATG were investigated in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. Changes in T cell activation, T cell proliferation and frequency of naïve T cells, memory T cells and regulatory T cells induced by siplizumab, Alemtuzumab and rATG in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction were assessed via flow cytometry. Siplizumab depleted T cells, decreased T cell activation, inhibited T cell proliferation and enriched naïve and bona fide regulatory T cells. Neither Alemtuzumab nor rATG induced the same combination of functional effects. The results presented in this study should be used for further in vitro and in vivo investigations that guide the clinical use of immune modulatory biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Binder
- Section of Clinical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Research and Development, ITB-Med AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Felix Sellberg
- Section of Clinical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Research and Development, ITB-Med AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Erik Berglund
- Research and Development, ITB-Med AB, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Berglund
- Section of Clinical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Research and Development, ITB-Med AB, Stockholm, Sweden
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38
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Dangi A, Yu S, Lee FT, Burnette M, Knechtle S, Kwun J, Luo X. Donor apoptotic cell-based therapy for effective inhibition of donor-specific memory T and B cells to promote long-term allograft survival in allosensitized recipients. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:2728-2739. [PMID: 32275799 PMCID: PMC7896418 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Allosensitization constitutes a major barrier in transplantation. Preexisting donor-reactive memory T and B cells and preformed donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) have all been implicated in accelerated allograft rejection in sensitized recipients. Here, we employ a sensitized murine model of islet transplantation to test strategies that promote long-term immunosuppression-free allograft survival. We demonstrate that donor-specific memory T and B cells can be effectively inhibited by peritransplant infusions of donor apoptotic cells in combination with anti-CD40L and rapamycin, and this treatment leads to significant prolongation of islet allograft survival in allosensitized recipients. We further demonstrate that late graft rejection in recipients treated with this regimen is associated with a breakthrough of B cells and their aggressive graft infiltration. Consequently, additional posttransplant B cell depletion effectively prevents late rejection and promotes permanent acceptance of islet allografts. In contrast, persistent low levels of DSAs do not seem to impair graft outcome in these recipients. We propose that B cells contribute to late rejection as antigen-presenting cells for intragraft memory T cell expansion but not to alloantibody production and that a therapeutic strategy combining donor apoptotic cells, anti-CD40L, and rapamycin effectively inhibits proinflammatory B cells and promotes long-term islet allograft survival in such recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Dangi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Shuangjin Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Frances T. Lee
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Melanie Burnette
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stuart Knechtle
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina,Duke Transplant Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jean Kwun
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina,Duke Transplant Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina,Duke Transplant Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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39
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Comeau K, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. Human and murine memory γδ T cells: Evidence for acquired immune memory in bacterial and viral infections and autoimmunity. Cell Immunol 2020; 357:104217. [PMID: 32979762 PMCID: PMC9533841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells are unconventional lymphocytes that could play a role in bridging the innate and adaptive immune system. Upon initial exposure to an antigen, some activated T cells become memory T cells that could be reactivated upon secondary immune challenge. Recently, subsets of γδ T cells with a restricted antigen repertoire and long-term persistence have been observed after clearance of viral and bacterial infections. These γδ T cells possess the hallmark ability of memory T cells to respond more strongly and proliferate to a higher extent upon secondary infection. Murine and primate models of Listeria monocytogenes and cytomegalovirus infection display these memory hallmarks and demonstrate γδ T cell memory responses. In addition, human and non-human primate infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as non-human primate infection with monkeypox and studies on patients suffering from autoimmune disease (rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis) reveal memory-like responses corresponding with disease. Murine models of psoriatic disease (imiquimod) and parasite infections (malaria) exhibited shifts to memory phenotypes with repeated immune challenge. These studies provide strong support for the formation of immune memory in γδ T cells, and memory γδ T cells may have a widespread role in protective immunity and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Comeau
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Rd., Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Pierre Paradis
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Rd., Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Ernesto L Schiffrin
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Rd., Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Rd., Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.
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40
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Marino J, Gonzalez-Nolasco B, Wang X, Orent W, Benichou G. Contrasting effects of B cell depletion on CD4 + and CD8 + memory T cell responses generated after transplantation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:2551-2558. [PMID: 32185859 PMCID: PMC7483880 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alloreactive memory T cells play a key role in transplantation by accelerating allograft rejection and preventing tolerance induction. Some studies using µMT mice, which are constitutionally devoid of B cells, showed that B cells were required for the generation of memory T cells after allotransplantation. However, whether B cell depletion in normal adult mice has the same effect on memory responses by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells activated after transplantation has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we tested the effect of anti-CD20 antibody-mediated B cell depletion on CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cell alloresponses after skin transplantation in wild-type mice. We found that B cell depletion prevented the development of memory alloresponses by CD4+ T cells but enhanced that of CD8+ memory T cells. Next, we tested the influence of B cell depletion on hematopoietic chimerism. In OT-II CD4+ anti-OVA TCR transgenic mice sensitized to ovalbumin antigen, B cell depletion also impaired allospecific memory T cell responses and thereby enhanced donor hematopoietic chimerism and T cell deletion after bone marrow transplantation. This study underscores the complexity of the relationships between B and T cells in the generation and reactivation of different memory T cell subsets after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Marino
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruno Gonzalez-Nolasco
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xianding Wang
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William Orent
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gilles Benichou
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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41
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Chen Y, Yan Y, Liu H, Qiu F, Liang CL, Zhang Q, Huang RY, Han L, Lu C, Dai Z. Dihydroartemisinin ameliorates psoriatic skin inflammation and its relapse by diminishing CD8 + T-cell memory in wild-type and humanized mice. Theranostics 2020; 10:10466-10482. [PMID: 32929360 PMCID: PMC7482806 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional immunosuppressants cause side effects and do not prevent the recurrence of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, they may not inhibit autoimmunity mediated by pathogenic memory T-cells. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has been shown to regulate autoimmunity. However, it remains unknown whether DHA impacts psoriasis and its recurrence. The objective of this study was to determine therapeutic effects of DHA on psoriasis and its relapse as well as its underlying mechanisms. Methods: We established animal models of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like wild-type mice and humanized NSG mice receiving lesional human skin from patients with psoriasis. Many immunoassays, including immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting, were performed. Results: We found that DHA not only ameliorated acute skin lesion of psoriatic mice, but also alleviated its recurrence by diminishing CD8+ central memory T (TCM) and CD8+ resident memory T (TRM) cells. It attenuated epidermal pathology and T-cell infiltration in the skin of IMQ-induced psoriatic mice while suppressing expression of IL-15, IL-17 and other proinflammatory cytokines in the skin. Surprisingly, DHA reduced the frequency and number of CD8+, but not CD4+, subset of CD44highCD62Lhigh TCM in psoriatic mice, whereas methotrexate (MTX) lowered CD4+, but not CD8+, TCM frequency and number. Indeed, DHA, but not MTX, downregulated eomesodermin (EOMES) and BCL-6 expression in CD8+ T-cells. Furthermore, DHA, but not MTX, reduced the presence of CD8+CLA+, CD8+CD69+ or CD8+CD103+ TRM cells in mouse skin. Interestingly, treatment with DHA, but not MTX, during the first onset of psoriasis largely prevented psoriasis relapse induced by low doses of IMQ two weeks later. Administration of recombinant IL-15 or CD8+, but not CD4+, TCM cells resulted in complete recurrence of psoriasis in mice previously treated with DHA. Finally, we demonstrated that DHA alleviated psoriatic human skin lesions in humanized NSG mice grafted with lesional skin from psoriatic patients while reducing human CD8+ TCM and CD103+ TRM cells in humanized mice. Conclusion: We have provided the first evidence that DHA is advantageous over MTX in preventing psoriasis relapse by reducing memory CD8+ T-cells.
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42
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Atia A, Moris D, McRae M, Song M, Stempora L, Leopardi F, Williams K, Kwun J, Parker W, Cardones AR, Kirk AD, Cendales LC. Th17 cell inhibition in a costimulation blockade-based regimen for vascularized composite allotransplantation using a nonhuman primate model. Transpl Int 2020; 33:1294-1301. [PMID: 32277724 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is challenged by the morbidity of immunosuppression required to prevent rejection. The use of highly specific biologics has not been well explored in VCA. Given that psoriasis is T-cell mediated, as is rejection of skin-containing VCAs, we sought to assess the role of ustekinumab and secukinumab, which are approved to treat psoriasis by inhibiting Th17 cells. We combined these agents with belatacept and steroids in a VCA nonhuman primate model. Group I consisted of belatacept and steroids, group II was belatacept, ustekinumab with steroid taper, and group III was belatacept, secukinumab with steroid taper. Three animals were transplanted in each group. In group I, the mean graft survival time until the first sign of rejection was 10 days whereas in group II and III it was 10.33 and 11 days, respectively. The immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the number of IL-17a+ cells and the intensity of IL-17a expression were significantly reduced in both dermis and hypodermis parts in groups II and III when compared to group I (P < 0.01). Ustekinumab and secukinumab led to less T-cell infiltration and IL-17a expression in the allograft but provided no benefit to belatacept and steroids in VCA survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Atia
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dimitrios Moris
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - MacKenzie McRae
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mingqing Song
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Linda Stempora
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Francis Leopardi
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kyha Williams
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jean Kwun
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William Parker
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Adela R Cardones
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allan D Kirk
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Linda C Cendales
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Matsunaga T, Azuma H, Tullius SG. Immunosuppression in vascularized composite allotransplant: the search for an effective and safe treatment continues. Transpl Int 2020; 33:1291-1293. [PMID: 32348589 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Matsunaga
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhito Azuma
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Stefan G Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Podestà MA, Binder C, Sellberg F, DeWolf S, Shonts B, Ho SH, Obradovic A, Waffarn E, Danzl N, Berglund D, Sykes M. Siplizumab selectively depletes effector memory T cells and promotes a relative expansion of alloreactive regulatory T cells in vitro. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:88-100. [PMID: 31319439 PMCID: PMC6940533 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Siplizumab, a humanized anti-CD2 monoclonal antibody, has been used in conditioning regimens for hematopoietic cell transplantation and tolerance induction with combined kidney-bone marrow transplantation. Siplizumab-based tolerance induction regimens deplete T cells globally while enriching regulatory T cells (Tregs) early posttransplantation. Siplizumab inhibits allogeneic mixed-lymphocyte reactions (MLRs) in vitro. We compared the impact of siplizumab on Tregs versus other T cell subsets in HLA-mismatched allogeneic MLRs using PBMCs. Siplizumab predominantly reduced the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory T cells, which express higher CD2 levels than naïve T cells or resting Tregs. Conversely, siplizumab enriched proliferating CD45RA- FoxP3HI cells in MLRs. FoxP3 expression was stable over time in siplizumab-containing cultures, consistent with enrichment for bona fide Tregs. Consistently, high-throughput TCRβ CDR3 sequencing of sorted unstimulated and proliferating T cells in MLRs revealed selective expansion of donor-reactive Tregs along with depletion of donor-reactive CD4+ effector/memory T cells in siplizumab-containing MLRs. These results indicate that siplizumab may have immunomodulatory functions that may contribute to its success in tolerance-inducing regimens. Our studies also confirm that naïve in addition to effector/memory T cells contribute to the allogeneic MLR and mandate further investigation of the impact of siplizumab on alloreactive naïve T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alfredo Podestà
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA.,Current affiliations: Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy and Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Christian Binder
- ITB-Med AB, Sonja Kovalevskys gata 4, 113 66 Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Section of Clinical Immunology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Felix Sellberg
- ITB-Med AB, Sonja Kovalevskys gata 4, 113 66 Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Section of Clinical Immunology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susan DeWolf
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Brittany Shonts
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Siu-Hong Ho
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Aleksandar Obradovic
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Waffarn
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Nichole Danzl
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - David Berglund
- ITB-Med AB, Sonja Kovalevskys gata 4, 113 66 Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Section of Clinical Immunology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA and Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
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45
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Sellberg F, Berglund D, Binder C, Hope J, Fontenot J, Griesemer A, Sykes M, Sachs DH, Berglund E. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of a clinically effective anti-CD2 monoclonal antibody. Scand J Immunol 2019; 91:e12839. [PMID: 31630416 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The humanized IgG1κ monoclonal antibody siplizumab and its rat parent monoclonal IgG2b antibody BTI-322 are directed against the CD2 antigen. Siplizumab is species-specific, reacting with human and chimpanzee cells but not with cells from any other species, including other non-human primates. Because siplizumab treatment has recently shown great potential in clinical transplantation, we now present the results of our previous pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety studies of both antibodies. Fourteen chimpanzees received 1-3 doses of 0.143 to 5.0 mg/kg iv The effects were followed with flow cytometry on peripheral lymphocytes and staining of lymph nodes. Side effects were recorded. Serum antibody concentrations were followed. Across the doses, a rapid, transient depletion of CD2, CD3, CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes and NK cells was observed for both antibodies. Immune reconstitution was more rapid for BTI-322 compared to siplizumab. Paracortical lymph node T cell depletion was moderate, estimated at 45% with doses of >0.6 mg/kg. Restoration of lymph node architecture was seen after two weeks to two months for all animals. All four subjects receiving BTI-322 experienced AEs on the first dosing day, while the eight subjects dosed with siplizumab experienced few mild, transient AEs. Infusion with siplizumab and BTI-322 resulted in rapid depletion of CD2+ cells in circulation and tissue. Siplizumab had a longer t1/2 and fewer AEs compared to BTI-322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Sellberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Section of Clinical Immunology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Berglund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Section of Clinical Immunology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Binder
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Section of Clinical Immunology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - James Hope
- Independent BioTechnology Consultants, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jane Fontenot
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette New Iberia Primate Research Center, New Iberia, LA, USA
| | - Adam Griesemer
- Department of Surgery, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan Sykes
- Department of Surgery, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David H Sachs
- Department of Surgery, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erik Berglund
- Department of Surgery, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institute, CLINTEC, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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46
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Chung H, Kim HJ, Kim JS, Yoon IH, Min BH, Shin JS, Kim JM, Lee WW, Park CG. CD4 + /CD8 + T-cell ratio correlates with the graft fate in pig-to-non-human primate islet xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2019; 27:e12562. [PMID: 31642566 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenogeneic islet transplantation using porcine pancreata has been a promising option for substituting human islet transplantation. Moreover, recent advances in pre-clinical results have put islet xenotransplantation closer to the possibility of clinical application. While preparing for the era of clinical xenotransplantation, developing non-invasive immune monitoring method which could predict the graft fate could benefit the patient. However, there are few reports showing predictive immune parameters associated with the fate of the graft in islet xenotransplantation. METHODS The absolute number and ratio of T-cell subsets have been measured via flow cytometry from the peripheral blood of 16 rhesus monkeys before and after porcine islet xenotransplantation. The correlation between the graft survival and the absolute number or ratio of T cells was retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS The ratio of CD4+ versus CD8+ T cells was significantly reduced due to CD8+ effector memory cells' increase. Correlation analyses revealed that CD4+ /CD8+ , CD4+ /CD8+ naïve, CD4+ naïve/CD8+ naïve, and CD4+ central memory/CD8+ naïve cell ratios negatively correlated with the duration of graft survival. Conversely, further analyses discovered strong, positive correlation of CD4+ /CD8+ cell ratios within the early graft-rejected monkeys (≤60 days). CONCLUSIONS This retrospective study demonstrated that CD4+ /CD8+ ratios correlated with graft survival, especially in recipients which rejected the graft in early post-transplantation periods. CD4+ /CD8+ ratios could be used as a surrogate marker to predict the graft fate in pig-to-NHP islet xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Chung
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Je Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Sik Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Hee Yoon
- VHS Veterans Medical Research Institute, VHS Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung-Hoon Min
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Seop Shin
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Woo Lee
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung-Gyu Park
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article is aimed to provide readers with an updated review on the applicability, efficacy, and challenges of employing donor apoptotic cell-based therapies to promote transplantation tolerance in various experimental and clinical settings. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, donor apoptotic cell-based therapies have been employed in various models of cell (including pancreatic islets and bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells) and solid organ (heart and kidney) transplantation to promote donor-specific tolerance. Published data, thus far, have revealed a high potential of this approach in inducing robust transplantation tolerance. Recent clinical trials have also underscored the safety and potential efficacy of this approach in alleviating graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Host factors including prior allo-sensitization and opportunistic infections pose major obstacles in establishing transplantation tolerance employing this strategy. However, emerging data provide strategies for overcoming such obstacles in these clinically relevant settings. SUMMARY Donor apoptotic cell therapy is an emerging strategy in promoting transplantation tolerance, with recent data emphasizing its efficacy and applicability for transplantation tolerance in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Dangi
- Center for Kidney Research and Therapeutics, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
| | - Shuangjin Yu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Center for Kidney Research and Therapeutics, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine.,Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ilinois, USA
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Aschauer C, Jelencsics K, Hu K, Heinzel A, Vetter J, Fraunhofer T, Schaller S, Winkler S, Pimenov L, Gualdoni GA, Eder M, Kainz A, Regele H, Reindl-Schwaighofer R, Oberbauer R. Next generation sequencing based assessment of the alloreactive T cell receptor repertoire in kidney transplant patients during rejection: a prospective cohort study. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:346. [PMID: 31477052 PMCID: PMC6719356 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment in end stage renal disease but the allograft survival is still hampered by immune reactions against the allograft. This process is driven by the recognition of allogenic antigens presented to T-cells and their unique T-cell receptor (TCR) via the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which triggers a complex immune response potentially leading to graft injury. Although the immune system and kidney transplantation have been studied extensively, the subtlety of alloreactive immune responses has impeded sensitive detection at an early stage. Next generation sequencing of the TCR enables us to monitor alloreactive T-cell populations and might thus allow the detection of early rejection events. METHODS/DESIGN This is a prospective cohort study designed to sequentially evaluate the alloreactive T cell repertoire after kidney transplantation. The TCR repertoire of patients who developed biopsy confirmed acute T cell mediated rejection (TCMR) will be compared to patients without rejection. To track the alloreactive subsets we will perform a mixed lymphocyte reaction between kidney donor and recipient before transplantation and define the alloreactive TCR repertoire by next generation sequencing of the complementary determining region 3 (CDR3) of the T cell receptor beta chain. After initial clonotype assembly from sequencing reads, TCR repertoire diversity and clonal expansion of T cells of kidney transplant recipients in periphery and kidney biopsy will be analyzed for changes after transplantation, during, prior or after a rejection. The goal of this study is to describe changes of overall T cell repertoire diversity, clonality in kidney transplant recipients, define and track alloreactive T cells in the posttransplant course and decipher patterns of expanded alloreactive T cells in acute cellular rejection to find an alternative monitoring to invasive and delayed diagnostic procedures. DISCUSSION Changes of the T cell repertoire and tracking of alloreactive T cell clones after combined bone marrow and kidney transplant has proven to be of potential use to monitor the donor directed alloresponse. The dynamics of the donor specific T cells in regular kidney transplant recipients in rejection still rests elusive and can give further insights in human alloresponse. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03422224 , registered February 5th 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Aschauer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kira Jelencsics
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Hu
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Heinzel
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Vetter
- Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Softwarepark 13, 4232, Hagenberg im Muehlkreis, Austria
| | - Thomas Fraunhofer
- Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Softwarepark 13, 4232, Hagenberg im Muehlkreis, Austria
| | - Susanne Schaller
- Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Softwarepark 13, 4232, Hagenberg im Muehlkreis, Austria
| | - Stephan Winkler
- Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Softwarepark 13, 4232, Hagenberg im Muehlkreis, Austria
| | - Lisabeth Pimenov
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guido A Gualdoni
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Eder
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Kainz
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Regele
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Reindl-Schwaighofer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Oberbauer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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49
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Ferreira VH, Kumar D, Humar A. Deep Profiling of the CD8+ T-cell Compartment Identifies Activated Cell Subsets and Multifunctional Responses Associated With Control of Cytomegalovirus Viremia. Transplantation 2019; 103:613-21. [PMID: 30028417 DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000002373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common opportunistic pathogen in transplant recipients. Patterns of viremia and reactivation are influenced by the host immune response, including CD8 T cells. However, the cellular deficits or phenotypic differences that account for differential outcomes during HCMV viremia are incompletely understood. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 20 transplant recipients (10 viremia controllers and 10 noncontrollers) at onset of HCMV viremia and 4 weeks postonset. We used mass cytometry to perform in-depth characterization of cell surface and intracellular CD8 T cell markers and to compare frequencies of these cells between groups. RESULTS Deep profiling identified 2 central memory T cell subsets at onset and 5 terminally differentiated memory T (TEMRA) cell subsets at 4 weeks that were associated with control of HCMV viremia, in addition to 6 TEMRA subsets at onset and 4 weeks associated with relapsing or remitting HCMV viremia. In general, CD8 T-cell clusters associated with poorly controlled HCMV viremia lacked markers of activation or terminal differentiation including CD38, CD69, CD25, CD57, and HLA-DR. We also measured the production of 8 HCMV-specific effector molecules (TNFα, IFNγ, interleukin 2, granzyme B, perforin, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β, interleukin 10, and CD107a) in CD8 T cells. Viremia controllers had greater diversity of HCMV-specific multifunctional responses at both time points, including significantly higher frequencies of HCMV-specific TNFαIFNγ CD8 T cells at onset. These multifunctional cells had a phenotype consistent with activated TEM/TEMRA cells. CONCLUSIONS Uncontrolled CMV viremia is associated with specific clusters of memory T-cell subsets and lower frequencies of HCMV-specific multifunctional CD8 T cells.
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50
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Elieh Ali Komi D, Ribatti D. Mast cell-mediated mechanistic pathways in organ transplantation. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 857:172458. [PMID: 31202799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity has gained importance in transplant immunology for years, based on models in which T-cells orchestrate the immune responses during rejection. Most recently, researches revealed that innate immune cells, including mast cells (MCs) also play a pivotal role in allograft rejection. MC mediated immunoregulatory responses influence the innate and adaptive immune responses. Their capability to produce an array of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, expressing a wide range of costimulatory molecules in addition to acting as antigen-presenting cells (APCs), make them effective immune cells far beyond their classical role as primary orchestrator cells of allergy. Activated regulatory Tcells (Treg) cells contribute to MC recruitment into grafts by releasing interleukin (IL)-9. Tregs are capable of stabilizing MCs and suppressing IgE mediated degranulation through interaction of Treg expressing OX40 with MCs expressing OX40L. MCs in turn release transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and IL-10 which possess suppressive properties. Thus, these cells can suppress the proliferation of T-cells and support the generation of Tregs. MCs in addition to orchestrating immune responses in grafts by cell-to-cell interactions with variety of immune cells, cause histologic changes, mainly fibrosis by releasing mediators such as histamine, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), TGF-β, chymase, and cathepsin G. The role of MCs in transplant rejection remains controversial. The accumulation of MCs in rejected grafts suggests that they play a role in preventing graft tolerance, and contribute to the progression of chronic rejection of allografts. However, high expression of MC-related gene products in tolerant grafts and their known interaction with Tregs on the other hand, support the notion that they are an integral component in achieving peripheral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elieh Ali Komi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
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