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Wang Y, Song X, Xia Y, Zhang W, Li W, Wang Y, Li J, Geng Z, Zhang X, Wang L, Zuo L, Hu J. Complanatuside A ameliorates 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice by regulating the Th17/Treg balance via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23667. [PMID: 38742812 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301127rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Immunity imbalance of T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T (Treg) cells is involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). Complanatuside A (CA), a flavonol glycoside, exerts anti-inflammatory activities and our study aimed to identify its effect on TNBS-induced colitis and the possible mechanisms. We found that CA alleviated the symptoms of colitis in TNBS mice, as demonstrated by prevented weight loss and colon length shortening, as well as decreased disease activity index scores, inflammatory scores, and levels of proinflammatory factors. Flow cytometry analysis showed that CA markedly reduced the percentage of Th17 cells while increasing the percentage of Treg cells in TNBS mice. Under Th17 cell polarizing conditions, CA inhibited the differentiation of Th17 cells while the Treg cell differentiation was elevated under Treg cell polarizing conditions. Furthermore, it was observed that JAK2 interacted with CA through six hydrogen bonds via molecular docking. The phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3 was reduced by CA, which might be correlated with the protective effect of CA on colitis. In conclusion, CA reduced the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in TNBS-induced colitis, which may provide novel strategies for CD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-Related Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-Related Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yongsheng Xia
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-Related Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-Related Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-Related Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-Related Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-Related Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-Related Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-Related Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-Related Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Lugen Zuo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-Related Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-Related Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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Mortier C, Quintelier K, De Craemer AS, Renson T, Deroo L, Dumas E, Verheugen E, Coudenys J, Decruy T, Lukasik Z, Van Gassen S, Saeys Y, Hoorens A, Lobatón T, Van den Bosch F, Van de Wiele T, Venken K, Elewaut D. Gut Inflammation in Axial Spondyloarthritis Patients is Characterized by a Marked Type 17 Skewed Mucosal Innate-like T Cell Signature. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:1969-1982. [PMID: 37293832 DOI: 10.1002/art.42627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) often present with microscopic signs of gut inflammation, a risk factor for progressive disease. We investigated whether mucosal innate-like T cells are involved in dysregulated interleukin-23 (IL-23)/IL-17 responses in the gut-joint axis in SpA. METHODS Ileal and colonic intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs), and paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from treatment-naive patients with nonradiographic axial SpA with (n = 11) and without (n = 14) microscopic gut inflammation and healthy controls (n = 15) undergoing ileocolonoscopy. The presence of gut inflammation was assessed histopathologically. Immunophenotyping of innate-like T cells and conventional T cells was performed using intracellular flow cytometry. Unsupervised clustering analysis was done by FlowSOM technology. Serum IL-17A levels were measured via Luminex. RESULTS Microscopic gut inflammation in nonradiographic axial SpA was characterized by increased ileal intraepithelial γδ-hi T cells, a γδ-T cell subset with elevated γδ-T cell receptor expression. γδ-hi T cells were also increased in PBMCs of patients with nonradiographic axial SpA versus healthy controls and were strongly associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score. The abundance of mucosal-associated invariant T cells and invariant natural killer T cells was unaltered. Innate-like T cells in the inflamed gut showed increased RORγt, IL-17A, and IL-22 levels with loss of T-bet, a signature that was less pronounced in conventional T cells. Presence of gut inflammation was associated with higher serum IL-17A levels. In patients treated with tumor necrosis factor blockade, the proportion of γδ-hi cells and RORγt expression in blood was completely restored. CONCLUSION Intestinal innate-like T cells display marked type 17 skewing in the inflamed gut mucosa of patients with nonradiographic axial SpA. γδ-hi T cells are linked to intestinal inflammation and disease activity in SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Mortier
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Quintelier
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine group, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium, and Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ann-Sophie De Craemer
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Renson
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liselotte Deroo
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emilie Dumas
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eveline Verheugen
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Coudenys
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine Decruy
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zuzanna Lukasik
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Van Gassen
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University and Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine group, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University and Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine group, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Hoorens
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Triana Lobatón
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University and Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van den Bosch
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Venken
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
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Li D, Zhou J, Wang L, Gong Z, Le H, Huang Y, Xu C, Tian C, Cai W, Wu J. Gut microbial metabolite deoxycholic acid facilitates Th17 differentiation through modulating cholesterol biosynthesis and participates in high-fat diet-associated colonic inflammation. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:186. [PMID: 37789469 PMCID: PMC10548658 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-fat diet (HFD) is closely associated with the increased prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Excessive gut microbial metabolite deoxycholic acid (DCA) caused by HFD plays significant roles in eliciting intestinal inflammation, however, the mechanism underlining the induction of inflammatory response by DCA has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of DCA in the triggering of inflammation via affecting CD4+ T cell differentiation. RESULTS Murine CD4+T cells were cultured under Th1, Th2 or Th17-polarizing conditions treated with or without different dosage of DCA, and flowcytometry was conducted to detect the effect of DCA on CD4+ T cell differentiation. Alteration of gene expression in CD4+ T cells upon DCA treatment was determined by RNA-sequencing and qRT-PCR. Bioinformatic analysis, cholesterol metabolic profiling, ChIP assay and immuno-fluorescent staining were further applied to explore the DCA-regulated pathway that involved in CD4+T cell differentiation. The results showed that DCA could dose-dependently promote the differentiation of CD4+ T cell into Th17 linage with pathogenic signature. Mechanistically, DCA stimulated the expression of cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes CYP51 and led to the increased generation of endogenous RORγt agonists, including zymosterol and desmosterol, therefore facilitating Th17 differentiation. Up-regulation of CYP51 by DCA was largely mediated via targeting transcription factor SREBP2 and at least partially through bile acid receptor TGR5. In addition, DCA-supplemented diet significantly increased intestinal Th17 cell infiltration and exacerbated TNBS-induced colitis. Administration of cholestyramine to eliminate fecal bile acid obviously alleviated colonic inflammation accompanied by decreased Th17 cells in HFD-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data establish a link between DCA-induced cholesterol biosynthesis in immune cells and gut inflammation. Modulation of bile acid level or targeting cholesterol metabolic pathway may be potential therapeutic measurements for HFD-related colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiefei Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Zizhen Gong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Le
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Congfeng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China.
- Research Unit of Proteomics-Driven Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Mortier C, Gracey E, Coudenys J, Manuello T, Decruy T, Maelegheer M, Stappers F, Gilis E, Gaublomme D, Van Hoorebeke L, Van Welden S, Ambler C, Hegen M, Symanowicz P, Steyn S, Berstein G, Elewaut D, Venken K. RORγt inhibition ameliorates IL-23 driven experimental psoriatic arthritis by predominantly modulating γδ-T cells. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3169-3178. [PMID: 36661300 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Divergent therapeutic outcomes on different disease domains have been noted with IL-23 and IL-17A-blockade in PsA. Therefore, elucidating the role of RORγt, the master regulator of type 17 immune responses, is of potential therapeutic interest. To this end, RORγt inhibition was assessed in combined skin, joint and gut inflammation in vivo, using a PsA model. METHODS We tested the efficacy of a RORγt antagonist in B10.RIII mice challenged with systemic overexpression of IL-23 by hydrodynamic injection of IL-23 enhanced episomal vector (IL-23 EEV). Clinical outcomes were evaluated by histopathology. Bone density and surface erosions were examined using micro-computed tomography. Cytokine production was measured in serum and by intracellular flow cytometry. Gene expression in PsA-related tissues was analysed by qPCR. RESULTS RORγt-blockade significantly ameliorated psoriasis, peripheral arthritis and colitis development in IL-23 EEV mice (improvement of clinical scores and weight loss respectively by 91.8%, 58.2% and 7.0%, P < 0.001), in line with profound suppression of an enhanced type IL-17 immune signature in PsA-affected tissues. Moreover, inflammation-induced bone loss and bone erosions were reduced (P < 0.05 in calcaneus, P < 0.01 in tibia). Sustained IL-23 overexpression resulted in only mild signs of sacroiliitis. Gamma-delta (γδ)-T cells, the dominant source of T cell-derived IL-17A and IL-22, were expanded during IL-23 overexpression, and together with Th17 cells, clearly countered by RORγt inhibition (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION RORγt-blockade shows therapeutic efficacy in a preclinical PsA model with protection towards extra-musculoskeletal manifestations, reflected by a clear attenuation of type 17 cytokine responses by γδ-T cells and Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Mortier
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eric Gracey
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Coudenys
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Teddy Manuello
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine Decruy
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Margaux Maelegheer
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Flore Stappers
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Gilis
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Djoere Gaublomme
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Van Welden
- IBD Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Intestinal Barrier Signaling in Disease and Therapy, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Martin Hegen
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter Symanowicz
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stefan Steyn
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel Berstein
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Venken
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Parihar N, Bhatt LK. Topotecan alleviates acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats via attenuation of the RORγT transcription factor. Life Sci 2023; 328:121915. [PMID: 37414139 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Ulcerative colitis is characterized as a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory condition, affecting the intestinal gastroenteric tissue. Previous studies revealed that Th-17 cells are key players in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. RORγT (Retinoic-acid-receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma T) is a lineage-specific transcription factor of Th-17 cells and thus has a role in their differentiation. Transient inhibition of RORγT has been reported to attenuate the differentiation of Th-17 cells and secretion of interleukin-17 (IL-17). Here, we investigated the efficacy of topotecan in ameliorating ulcerative colitis in rodents, via inhibition of the RORγT transcription factor. MAIN METHODS AND KEY FINDINGS Experimental ulcerative colitis was induced in rats by intrarectal acetic acid administration. Topotecan attenuated the severity of ulcerative colitis in rats by revoking neutrophils and macrophage infiltration to the colon. It also alleviated diarrhea and rectal bleeding and improved body weight. Further, attenuation of RORγT and IL-17 expression was observed in topotecan treated animals. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the colon tissue were reduced by topotecan treatment. Significant reduction in malondialdehyde level, elevation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity was observed in the colon tissue of rats treated with topotecan compared to the diseased group. SIGNIFICANCE This study shows the therapeutic potential of topotecan in attenuating ulcerative colitis in rats probably via inhibition of the RORγT transcription factor and downstream mediators of Th-17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Parihar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India.
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Zeng J, Li M, Zhao Q, Chen M, Zhao L, Wei S, Yang H, Zhao Y, Wang A, Shen J, Du F, Chen Y, Deng S, Wang F, Zhang Z, Li Z, Wang T, Wang S, Xiao Z, Wu X. Small molecule inhibitors of RORγt for Th17 regulation in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:545-562. [PMID: 37440911 PMCID: PMC10334362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a ligand-dependent transcription factor, retinoid-associated orphan receptor γt (RORγt) that controls T helper (Th) 17 cell differentiation and interleukin (IL)-17 expression plays a critical role in the progression of several inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. An emerging novel approach to the therapy of these diseases thus involves controlling the transcriptional capacity of RORγt to decrease Th17 cell development and IL-17 production. Several RORγt inhibitors including both antagonists and inverse agonists have been discovered to regulate the transcriptional activity of RORγt by binding to orthosteric- or allosteric-binding sites in the ligand-binding domain. Some of small-molecule inhibitors have entered clinical evaluations. Therefore, in current review, the role of RORγt in Th17 regulation and Th17-related inflammatory and autoimmune diseases was highlighted. Notably, the recently developed RORγt inhibitors were summarized, with an emphasis on their optimization from lead compounds, efficacy, toxicity, mechanisms of action, and clinical trials. The limitations of current development in this area were also discussed to facilitate future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuping Zeng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Qianyun Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Shulin Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Tiangang Wang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
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7
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Li M, Wang Z, Jiang W, Lu Y, Zhang J. The role of group 3 innate lymphoid cell in intestinal disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1171826. [PMID: 37122757 PMCID: PMC10140532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1171826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), a novel subpopulation of lymphocytes enriched in the intestinal mucosa, are currently considered as key sentinels in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis. ILC3s can secrete a series of cytokines such as IL-22 to eliminate intestinal luminal antigens, promote epithelial tissue repair and mucosal barrier integrity, and regulate intestinal immunity by integrating multiple signals from the environment and the host. However, ILC3 dysfunction may be associated with the development and progression of various diseases in the gut. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss the role of ILC3 in intestinal diseases such as enteric infectious diseases, intestinal inflammation, and tumors, with a focus on recent research advances and discoveries to explore potential therapeutic targets.
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Calzadilla N, Comiskey SM, Dudeja PK, Saksena S, Gill RK, Alrefai WA. Bile acids as inflammatory mediators and modulators of intestinal permeability. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1021924. [PMID: 36569849 PMCID: PMC9768584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1021924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are critical for the digestion and absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins; however, evidence continues to emerge supporting additional roles for bile acids as signaling molecules. After they are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, primary bile acids are modified into secondary bile acids by gut flora contributing to a diverse pool and making the composition of bile acids highly sensitive to alterations in gut microbiota. Disturbances in bile acid homeostasis have been observed in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). In fact, a decrease in secondary bile acids was shown to occur because of IBD-associated dysbiosis. Further, the increase in luminal bile acids due to malabsorption in Crohn's ileitis and ileal resection has been implicated in the induction of diarrhea and the exacerbation of inflammation. A causal link between bile acid signaling and intestinal inflammation has been recently suggested. With respect to potential mechanisms related to bile acids and IBD, several studies have provided strong evidence for direct effects of bile acids on intestinal permeability in porcine and rodent models as well as in humans. Interestingly, different bile acids were shown to exert distinct effects on the inflammatory response and intestinal permeability that require careful consideration. Such findings revealed a potential effect for changes in the relative abundance of different bile acids on the induction of inflammation by bile acids and the development of IBD. This review summarizes current knowledge about the roles for bile acids as inflammatory mediators and modulators of intestinal permeability mainly in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Calzadilla
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shane M. Comiskey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Pradeep K. Dudeja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
- Research and Development, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Seema Saksena
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
- Research and Development, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ravinder K. Gill
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Waddah A. Alrefai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
- Research and Development, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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9
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Xiong Y, Cai M, Xu Y, Dong P, Chen H, He W, Zhang J. Joint together: The etiology and pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:996103. [PMID: 36325352 PMCID: PMC9619093 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.996103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) refers to a group of diseases with inflammation in joints and spines. In this family, ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a rare but classic form that mainly involves the spine and sacroiliac joint, leading to the loss of flexibility and fusion of the spine. Compared to other diseases in SpA, AS has a very distinct hereditary disposition and pattern of involvement, and several hypotheses about its etiopathogenesis have been proposed. In spite of significant advances made in Th17 dynamics and AS treatment, the underlying mechanism remains concealed. To this end, we covered several topics, including the nature of the immune response, the microenvironment in the articulation that is behind the disease's progression, and the split between the hypotheses and the evidence on how the intestine affects arthritis. In this review, we describe the current findings of AS and SpA, with the aim of providing an integrated view of the initiation of inflammation and the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Xiong
- Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Key Laboratory of T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Menghua Cai
- Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Key Laboratory of T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Key Laboratory of T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Dong
- Changzhou Xitaihu Institute for Frontier Technology of Cell Therapy, Changzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Key Laboratory of T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Changzhou Xitaihu Institute for Frontier Technology of Cell Therapy, Changzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Key Laboratory of T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Changzhou Xitaihu Institute for Frontier Technology of Cell Therapy, Changzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Key Laboratory of T Cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Changzhou Xitaihu Institute for Frontier Technology of Cell Therapy, Changzhou, China
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10
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Li L, Liu T, Gu Y, Wang X, Xie R, Sun Y, Wang B, Cao H. Regulation of gut microbiota-bile acids axis by probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:974305. [PMID: 36211363 PMCID: PMC9539765 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammation of gastrointestinal tract, with steadily increased incidence and prevalence worldwide. Although the precise pathogenesis remains unclear, gut microbiota, bile acids (BAs), and aberrant immune response play essential roles in the development of IBD. Lately, gut dysbiosis including certain decreased beneficial bacteria and increased pathogens and aberrant BAs metabolism have been reported in IBD. The bacteria inhabited in human gut have critical functions in BA biotransformation. Patients with active IBD have elevated primary and conjugated BAs and decreased secondary BAs, accompanied by the impaired transformation activities (mainly deconjugation and 7α-dehydroxylation) of gut microbiota. Probiotics have exhibited certain positive effects by different mechanisms in the therapy of IBD. This review discussed the effectiveness of probiotics in certain clinical and animal model studies that might involve in gut microbiota-BAs axis. More importantly, the possible mechanisms of probiotics on regulating gut microbiota-BAs axis in IBD were elucidated, which we focused on the elevated gut bacteria containing bile salt hydrolase or BA-inducible enzymes at genus/species level that might participate in the BA biotransformation. Furthermore, beneficial effects exerted by activation of BA-activated receptors on intestinal immunity were also summarized, which might partially explain the protect effects and mechanisms of probiotics on IBD. Therefore, this review will provide new insights into a better understanding of probiotics in the therapy targeting gut microbiota-BAs axis of IBD.
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11
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Targeting Lineage-Specific Transcription Factors and Cytokines of the Th17/Treg Axis by Novel 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives of Pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazinone Attenuates TNBS-Induced Experimental Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179897. [PMID: 36077306 PMCID: PMC9456461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacotherapy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still not fully effective and safe. Attempts to search for new IBD drugs remain an incessant research aim. One of the novel approaches is targeting the developmental pathway molecules and effector cytokines of Th17/Treg axis. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of new pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazinone derivatives, compounds 7b, 10b, or 13b, on the course of experimental colitis in rats and to assess whether these new compounds may influence Th17/Treg axis. Rats were pretreated with studied compounds intragastrically before intrarectal administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid used for colitis induction. Body weight loss, disease activity index, colon index, and colon tissue damage were analyzed to evaluate the severity of colitis. The colonic levels of RORγt, STAT3, CCR6, Foxp3, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, IL-23, and PGE2 were assessed. Pretreatment with compounds 7b and 13b alleviated the severity of colitis and concomitantly counteracted the increased levels of RORγt, STAT3, CCR6, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, TNF-α, and PGE2. The beneficial effect of compounds 7b and 13b may be due to the decrease in the levels of Th17-specific transcription factors and cytokines. The studied compounds might therefore constitute a promising therapeutic strategy in Th17/Treg imbalance-driven inflammatory conditions such as IBD.
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12
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Tackling Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Targeting Proinflammatory Cytokines and Lymphocyte Homing. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091080. [PMID: 36145301 PMCID: PMC9502105 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by chronic inflammatory disorders that are a result of an abnormal immune response mediated by a cytokine storm and immune cell infiltration. Proinflammatory cytokine therapeutic agents, represented by TNF inhibitors, have developed rapidly over recent years and are promising options for treating IBD. Antagonizing interleukins, interferons, and Janus kinases have demonstrated their respective advantages in clinical trials and are candidates for anti-TNF therapeutic failure. Furthermore, the blockade of lymphocyte homing contributes to the excessive immune response in colitis and ameliorates inflammation and tissue damage. Factors such as integrins, selectins, and chemokines jointly coordinate the accumulation of immune cells in inflammatory regions. This review assembles the major targets and agents currently targeting proinflammatory cytokines and lymphatic trafficking to facilitate subsequent drug development.
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13
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Lücke J, Shiri AM, Zhang T, Kempski J, Giannou AD, Huber S. Rationalizing heptadecaphobia: T H 17 cells and associated cytokines in cancer and metastasis. FEBS J 2021; 288:6942-6971. [PMID: 33448148 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. When cancer patients are diagnosed with metastasis, meaning that the primary tumor has spread to at least one different site, their life expectancy decreases dramatically. In the past decade, the immune system´s role in fighting cancer and metastasis has been studied extensively. Importantly, immune cells and inflammatory reactions generate potent antitumor responses but also contribute to tumor development. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this dichotomic interaction between the immune system and cancer are still poorly understood. Recently, a spotlight has been cast on the distinct subsets of immune cells and their derived cytokines since evidence has implicated their crucial impact on cancer development. T helper 17 cell (TH 17) cells, which express the master transcriptional factor Retinoic acid-receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t, are among these critical cell subsets and are defined by their production of type 3 cytokines, such as IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22. Depending on the tumor microenvironment, these cytokines can also be produced by other immune cell sources, such as T cytotoxic 17 cell, innate lymphoid cells, NKT cells, or γδ T cells. To date, a lot of data have been collected describing the divergent functions of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 in malignancies. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the role of these TH 17- and non-TH 17-derived type 3 cytokines in different tumor entities. Furthermore, we will provide a structured insight into the strict regulation and subsequent downstream mechanisms of these cytokines in cancer and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jöran Lücke
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ahmad Mustafa Shiri
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Tao Zhang
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Jan Kempski
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- The Calcium Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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14
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Sahu U, Biswas D, Prajapati VK, Singh AK, Samant M, Khare P. Interleukin-17-A multifaceted cytokine in viral infections. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:8000-8019. [PMID: 34133758 PMCID: PMC8426678 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are a major threat to the human population due to the lack of selective therapeutic measures. The morbidity and mortality reported worldwide are very alarming against viral pathogens. The proinflammatory environment is required for viral inhibition by initiating the host immune response. The host immune response fights these pathogens by secreting different cytokines. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) a proinflammatory cytokine mainly produced by T helper type 17 cells, plays a vital role in the regulation of host immune response against various pathogens, including viruses. However, dysregulated production of IL-17 induces chronic inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and may lead to cancer. Recent studies suggest that IL-17 is not only involved in the antiviral immune response but also promotes virus-mediated illnesses. In this review, we discuss the protective and pathogenic role of IL-17 against various viral infections. A detailed understanding of IL-17 during viral infections could contribute to improve therapeutic measures and enable the development of an efficient and safe IL-17 based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsha Sahu
- Department of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesBhopalMadhya PradeshIndia
| | - Debasis Biswas
- Department of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesBhopalMadhya PradeshIndia
| | | | - Anirudh K. Singh
- Department of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesBhopalMadhya PradeshIndia
| | - Mukesh Samant
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of ZoologyKumaun UniversityAlmoraUttarakhandIndia
| | - Prashant Khare
- Department of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesBhopalMadhya PradeshIndia
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15
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Sahu U, Khare P. Role of interleukin-17 in human papillomavirus infection and associated malignancies. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105294. [PMID: 34798279 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus infection is among the leading viral infections in the world, causing severe mortality and morbidity. The virus mainly targets the female genital tract-cervix, vulva, anus but it is also reported to infect the lungs and oropharyngeal region of the body. The host immune response plays a vital role in the persistence of viral infection. Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is mainly secreted by Th17 cells and mediates the immune response that enhances the disease severity in HPV infection. IL-17 is reported to promote lesions and tumour progression by creating a hyperinflammatory condition leading to cancer. The current minireview summarizes the pathogenic role of IL-17 in HPV infection and HPV-induced malignancies. Further study on IL-17 associated pathology of HPV infection would be useful in developing therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsha Sahu
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Khare
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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16
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van Tok MN, Mandour M, Wahle J, Labadia ME, van de Sande MGH, Nabozny G, Baeten DL, van Duivenvoorde LM. Paradoxical Augmentation of Experimental Spondyloarthritis by RORC Inhibition in HLA-B27 Transgenic Rats. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699987. [PMID: 34552583 PMCID: PMC8451327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective IL-17A plays a major role in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (SpA). Here we assessed the impact of inhibition of RAR related orphan receptor-γ (RORC), the key transcription factor controlling IL-17 production, on experimental SpA in HLA-B27 transgenic (tg) rats. Methods Experimental SpA was induced by immunization of HLA-B27 tg rats with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Splenocytes obtained at day 7, 14 and 21 after immunization were restimulated ex vivo to assess the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Rats were then prophylactically treated with a RORC inhibitor versus vehicle control. The biologic effect of RORC inhibition was assessed by pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in draining lymph nodes. Arthritis and spondylitis were monitored clinically, and the degree of peripheral and axial inflammation, destruction and new bone formation was confirmed by histology. Results Ex vivo mRNA and protein analyses revealed the rapid and selective induction of IL-17A and IL-22 production by a variety of lymphocyte subsets upon disease induction in HLA-B27 tg rats. Prophylactic RORC inhibition in vivo suppressed the expression of IL-17A, IL17F, and IL-22 without affecting the expression of other T helper cell subset related genes. This biological effect did not translate into clinical efficacy as RORC inhibition significantly accelerated the onset of arthritis and spondylitis, and aggravated the clinical severity of arthritis. This worsening of experimental SpA was confirmed by histopathological demonstration of increased inflammation, destruction, and new bone formation. Conclusion Despite a significant suppression of the IL-17 axis, RORC inhibitor treatment accelerates and aggravates experimental SpA in the HLA-B27 tg rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa N van Tok
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mohamed Mandour
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joseph Wahle
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Mark E Labadia
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Marleen G H van de Sande
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerald Nabozny
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Dominique L Baeten
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leonie M van Duivenvoorde
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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17
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Caballol B, Gudiño V, Panes J, Salas A. Ulcerative colitis: shedding light on emerging agents and strategies in preclinical and early clinical development. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:931-946. [PMID: 34365869 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1965122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease of the large intestine. Progress in preclinical therapeutic target discovery and clinical trial design has resulted in the approval of new therapies. Nonetheless, remission rates remain below 30% thus underlining the need for novel, more effective therapies. AREAS COVERED This paper reviews current experimental techniques available for drug testing in intestinal inflammation and examines new therapies in clinical development for the treatment of UC. The authors searched the literature for 'ulcerative colitis' AND 'preclinical' OR 'drug target/drug name' (i.e. infliximab, vedolizumab, IL-12, IL-23, JAK, etc.). Studies that included preclinical in vivo or in vitro experiments are discussed. The clinicaltrial.gov site was searched for 'ulcerative colitis' AND 'Recruiting' OR 'Active, not recruiting' AND 'Interventional (Clinical Trial)' AND 'early phase 1' OR 'phase 1' OR 'phase 2' OR 'phase 3.' EXPERT OPINION Using in vivo, ex vivo, and/or in vitro models could increase the success rates of drugs moving to clinical trials, and hence increase the efficiency of this costly process. Selective JAK1 inhibitors, S1P modulators, and anti-p19 antibodies are the most promising options to improve treatment effectiveness. The development of drugs with gut-restricted exposure may provide increased efficacy and an improved safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Caballol
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Gudiño
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian Panes
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Chang Y, Zhai L, Peng J, Wu H, Bian Z, Xiao H. Phytochemicals as regulators of Th17/Treg balance in inflammatory bowel diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111931. [PMID: 34328111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disorder that is difficult to cure and characterized by periods of relapse. To face the challenges of limited treatment strategies and drawbacks of conventional medications, developing new and promising strategies as well as safe and effective drugs for treatment of IBD has become an urgent demand for clinics. The imbalance of Th17/Treg is a crucial event for the development of IBD, and studies have verified that correcting the imbalance of Th17/Treg is an effective strategy for preventing and treating IBD. Recently, a growing body of studies has indicated that phytochemicals derived from natural products are potent regulators of Th17/Treg, and exert preferable protective benefits against colonic inflammation. In this review, the great potential of anti-colitis agents derived from natural products through targeting Th17/Treg cells and their action mechanisms for the treatment or prevention of IBD in recent research is summarized, which may help further the development of new drugs for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Chang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixiang Zhai
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Jiao Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiqiang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Haitao Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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19
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Mei C, Wang X, Meng F, Zhang X, Chen L, Yan S, Xue J, Sun X, Wang Y. Aucuboside Inhibits the Generation of Th17 Cells in Mice Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:696599. [PMID: 34335262 PMCID: PMC8322701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.696599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aucuboside is an iridoid glycoside extracted from traditional Chinese medicine such as Rehmannia glutinosa, possessing a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects. The effects of aucuboside on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have not been studied. Therefore, the effects of aucuboside on the generation of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and IL-17–producing T helper (Th17) cells in colitis were studied. A mouse colitis model was established by intracolonic administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) to mimic human IBD. The generation of Treg and Th17 cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. Aucuboside significantly alleviated colitis symptoms, including weight loss, high disease activity index, and inflammatory responses. The generation of Th17 cells in colitis was significantly inhibited by aucuboside and accompanied by the suppression of IL-17 expression. In Raw264.7 cells, the LPS-induced increase in IL-17 expression was also suppressed by aucuboside, which was significantly blocked by the RORγt inhibitor sr2211. In addition, the decrease in the proportion of Treg cells was also partially reversed by aucuboside, which may reflect the aucuboside-induced inhibition of Th17 cells. This previously unrecognized immunoregulatory function of aucuboside may have clinical applications in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxue Mei
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fanxiang Meng
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinqiu Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Siqi Yan
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junxiu Xue
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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20
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Gege C. Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) inverse agonists/antagonists for the treatment of inflammatory diseases - where are we presently? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1517-1535. [PMID: 34192992 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1948833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) has been identified as the master regulator of TH17 cell differentiation and IL-17/22 production and is therefore an attractive target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Several orally or topically administered small molecule RORγt inverse agonists (RIAs) have progressed up to the end of clinical Phase 2.Areas covered: Based on publications and patent evaluations this review summarizes the evolution of the chemical matter for all 16 pharmaceutical companies, who develop(ed) a clinical-stage RIAs (until March 2021). Structure proposals for some clinical stage RIAs are presented and the outcome of the clinical trials is discussed.Expert opinion: So far, the clinical trials have been plagued with a high attrition rate. Main reasons were lack of efficacy (topical) or safety signals (oral) as well as, amongst other things, thymic lymphomas as seen with BMS-986251 in a preclinical study and liver enzyme elevations in humans with VTP-43742. Possibilities to mitigate these risks could be the use of RIAs with different chemical structures not interfering with thymocytes maturation and no livertox-inducing properties. With new frontrunners (e.g., ABBV-157 (cedirogant), BI 730357 or IMU-935) this is still an exciting time for this treatment approach.
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21
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Bile Acids Activated Receptors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061281. [PMID: 34064187 PMCID: PMC8224328 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Once known exclusively for their role in nutrients absorption, bile acids have emerged as signaling molecules, generated from cholesterol breakdown, acting on several immune cells by activating a variety of receptors including the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPABR1 or TGR5), the Farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) and, as recently discovered, the retinoid-related orphan receptors (ROR)γt. GPBAR1, FXR, and RORγt are highly expressed in cells of the innate and adaptive immune system (i.e., dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, innate lymphoid 3 cells (ILC3s), and T helper 17 (Th17) lymphocytes) and plays an important role in regulating intestinal and liver immunity, highlighting a role for various bile acid species in regulating immune responses to intestinal microbial antigens. While primary bile acids are generated from the cholesterol breakdown secondary bile acids, the GPBAR1 ligands, and oxo-bile acids derivatives, the RORγt ligands, are generated by the intestinal microbiota, highlighting the potential of these bile acids in mediating the chemical communication between the intestinal microbiota and the host. Changes in intestinal microbiota, dysbiosis, alter the composition of the bile acid pool, promoting the activation of the immune system and development of chronic inflammation. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms by which an altered bile acid signaling promotes intestinal inflammation.
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Fiorucci S, Distrutti E, Carino A, Zampella A, Biagioli M. Bile acids and their receptors in metabolic disorders. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 82:101094. [PMID: 33636214 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids are a large family of atypical steroids which exert their functions by binding to a family of ubiquitous cell membrane and nuclear receptors. There are two main bile acid activated receptors, FXR and GPBAR1, that are exclusively activated by bile acids, while other receptors CAR, LXRs, PXR, RORγT, S1PR2and VDR are activated by bile acids in addition to other more selective endogenous ligands. In the intestine, activation of FXR and GPBAR1 promotes the release of FGF15/19 and GLP1 which integrate their signaling with direct effects exerted by theother receptors in target tissues. This network is tuned in a time ordered manner by circadian rhythm and is critical for the regulation of metabolic process including autophagy, fast-to-feed transition, lipid and glucose metabolism, energy balance and immune responses. In the last decade FXR ligands have entered clinical trials but development of systemic FXR agonists has been proven challenging because their side effects including increased levels of cholesterol and Low Density Lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-c) and reduced High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). In addition, pruritus has emerged as a common, dose related, side effect of FXR ligands. Intestinal-restricted FXR and GPBAR1 agonists and dual FXR/GPBAR1 agonists have been developed. Here we review the last decade in bile acids physiology and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fiorucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Distrutti
- SC di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Adriana Carino
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli, Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michele Biagioli
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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23
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Harcken C, Csengery J, Turner M, Wu L, Liang S, Sibley R, Brunette S, Labadia M, Hoyt K, Wayne A, Wieckowski T, Davis G, Panzenbeck M, Souza D, Kugler S, Terenzio D, Collin D, Smith D, Fryer RM, Tseng YC, Hehn JP, Fletcher K, Hughes RO. Discovery of a Series of Pyrazinone RORγ Antagonists and Identification of the Clinical Candidate BI 730357. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:143-154. [PMID: 33488976 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-23/T helper (Th)17 axis plays a critical role in autoimmune diseases, and there is an increasing number of biologic therapies that target IL-23 and IL-17. The transcription factor retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt) is important for the activation and differentiation of Th17 cells and thus is an attractive pharmacologic target for the treatment of Th17-mediated diseases. A novel series of pyrazinone RORγ antagonists was discovered through hybridization of two distinct screening hits and scaffold hopping. The series offers attractive potency and selectivity in combination with favorable druglike properties, such as metabolic stability and aqueous solubility. Lead optimization identified a clinical candidate, compound (S)-11 (BI 730357), for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Harcken
- Department of R&D Project Management and Development Strategies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Johanna Csengery
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Michael Turner
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Lifen Wu
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Robert Sibley
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Steven Brunette
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Mark Labadia
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Kathleen Hoyt
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Anita Wayne
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Thomas Wieckowski
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Gregg Davis
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Mark Panzenbeck
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Donald Souza
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Stanley Kugler
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Donna Terenzio
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Delphine Collin
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Dustin Smith
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Ryan M. Fryer
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Yin-Chao Tseng
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Jörg P. Hehn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Germany, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Kim Fletcher
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Robert O. Hughes
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
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24
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Abstract
Bile acids are a group of chemically different steroids generated at the host/microbial interface. Indeed, while primary bile acids are the end-product of cholesterol breakdown in the host liver, secondary bile acids are the products of microbial metabolism. Primary and secondary bile acids along with their oxo derivatives have been identified as signaling molecules acting on a family of cell membrane and nuclear receptors collectively known as "bile acid-activated receptors." Members of this group of receptors are highly expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract and mediate the bilateral communications of the intestinal microbiota with the host immune system. The expression and function of bile acid-activated receptors FXR, GPBAR1, PXR, VDR, and RORγt are highly dependent on the structure of the intestinal microbiota and negatively regulated by intestinal inflammation. Studies from gene ablated mice have demonstrated that FXR and GPBAR1 are essential to maintain a tolerogenic phenotype in the intestine, and their ablation promotes the polarization of intestinal T cells and macrophages toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype. RORγt inhibition by oxo-bile acids is essential to constrain Th17 polarization of intestinal lymphocytes. Gene-wide association studies and functional characterizations suggest a potential role for impaired bile acid signaling in development inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In this review, we will focus on how bile acids and their receptors mediate communications of intestinal microbiota with the intestinal immune system, describing dynamic changes of bile acid metabolism in IBD and the potential therapeutic application of targeting bile acid signaling in these disorders.
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25
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Liu H, Tian R, Wang H, Feng S, Li H, Xiao Y, Luan X, Zhang Z, Shi N, Niu H, Zhang S. Gut microbiota from coronary artery disease patients contributes to vascular dysfunction in mice by regulating bile acid metabolism and immune activation. J Transl Med 2020; 18:382. [PMID: 33036625 PMCID: PMC7547479 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota was shown to play a crucial role in the development of vascular dysfunction, and the bacterial composition differed between healthy controls and coronary artery disease patients. The goal of this study was to investigate how the gut microbiota affects host metabolic homeostasis at the organism scale. METHODS We colonized germ-free C57BL/6 J mice with faeces from healthy control donors (Con) and coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and fed both groups a high fat diet for 12 weeks. We monitored cholesterol and vascular function in the transplanted mice. We analysed bile acids profiles and gut microbiota composition. Transcriptome sequencing and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate inflammatory and immune response. RESULTS CAD mice showed increased reactive oxygen species generation and intensive arterial stiffness. Microbiota profiles in recipient mice clustered according to the microbiota structure of the human donors. Clostridium symbiosum and Eggerthella colonization from CAD patients modulated the secondary bile acids pool, leading to an increase in lithocholic acid and keto-derivatives. Subsequently, bile acids imbalance in the CAD mice inhibited hepatic bile acids synthesis and resulted in elevated circulatory cholesterol. Moreover, the faecal microbiota from the CAD patients caused a significant induction of abnormal immune responses at both the transcriptome level and through the enhanced secretion of cytokines. In addition, microbes belonging to CAD promoted intestinal inflammation by contributing to lamina propria Th17/Treg imbalance and worsened gut barrier permeability. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings elucidated that the gut microbiota impacts cholesterol homeostasis by modulating bile acids. In addition, the CAD-associated bacterial community was shown to function as an important regulator of systemic inflammation and to influence arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ran Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Siqin Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hanyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaodong Luan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Na Shi
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical Collage, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Haitao Niu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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26
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Boardman DA, Garcia RV, Ivison SM, Bressler B, Dhar TGM, Zhao Q, Levings MK. Pharmacological inhibition of RORC2 enhances human Th17‐Treg stability and function. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1400-1411. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic A. Boardman
- Department of SurgeryThe University of British ColumbiaColumbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Rosa V. Garcia
- Department of SurgeryThe University of British ColumbiaColumbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Sabine M. Ivison
- Department of SurgeryThe University of British ColumbiaColumbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Brian Bressler
- Department of MedicineThe University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - TG Murali Dhar
- Research and DevelopmentBristol–Myers Squibb Princeton NJ USA
| | - Qihong Zhao
- Research and DevelopmentBristol–Myers Squibb Princeton NJ USA
| | - Megan K. Levings
- Department of SurgeryThe University of British ColumbiaColumbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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27
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Ono Y, Tsuboi H, Moriyama M, Asashima H, Kudo H, Takahashi H, Honda F, Abe S, Kondo Y, Takahashi S, Matsumoto I, Nakamura S, Sumida T. RORγt antagonist improves Sjögren's syndrome-like sialadenitis through downregulation of CD25. Oral Dis 2020; 26:766-777. [PMID: 31837283 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We reported previously that T-cell-specific RORγt-transgenic mice under human CD2 promoter (RORγt-Tg mice) developed severe spontaneous Sjögren's syndrome (SS)-like sialadenitis, induced by RORγt-overexpressing CD4+ T cells and reduced regulatory T cells. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effectiveness and mechanisms of action of A213, a RORγt antagonist, in RORγt-Tg mice with SS-like sialadenitis. METHODS Six-week-old RORγt-Tg mice were administered orally of A213 or phosphate-buffered saline every 3 days for 2 weeks. We analyzed saliva volume, histopathology of salivary glands, populations of T cells in splenocytes and cervical lymph nodes (cLNs), and the protein expression levels of CD69 on CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3- and CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ cells in cLNs. We also investigated in vitro the potential immunomechanisms of action of A213. RESULTS A213 significantly increased saliva volume, reduced mononuclear cell infiltration in salivary glands, and reduced the focus score of sialadenitis. Analysis of the immunomechanisms using cLNs showed A213 significantly reduced the proportion of CD4+ CD25+ /CD4+ T cells and the protein expression levels of CD69 on CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3- cells. In vitro experiments showed that A213 suppressed CD25 expression on CD4+ T cells and reduced IL-2 production from CD4+ T cells derived from RORγt-Tg mice. CONCLUSION A213 improves SS-like sialadenitis through the inhibition of CD4+ CD25+ cells in cLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroto Tsuboi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masafumi Moriyama
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Asashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hanae Kudo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fumika Honda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Saori Abe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuya Kondo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiji Nakamura
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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28
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VPR-254: an inhibitor of ROR-gamma T with potential utility for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:499-511. [PMID: 31549280 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retinoic Acid Related Orphan Nuclear Receptor gamma T (RORγT) is a lineage specifying transcription factor for IL-17 expressing cells, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). VPR-254 is a selective in vitro inhibitor of RORγT. AIMS The main goals of our study were twofold: (1) To determine if ex vivo treatment with VPR-254 reduced relevant cytokine (IL-17 and IL-21) secretion from colonic strips of mice with colitis; (2) To determine if treatment of mice with VPR-254 attenuated parameters of colitis, using three murine IBD models. METHODS VPR-254 was evaluated ex vivo in a colonic strip assay, using tissue from mice with Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. In vivo, VPR-254 was evaluated for efficacy in DSS, Trintirobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) and Anti-CD40 antibody-induced murine models of colitis. RESULTS VPR-254 reduced the production of key pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-17) in ex vivo and in vivo models of colitis. This small molecule inhibitor of RORγT also improved various morphometric and histological parameters associated with three diverse murine models of IBD. CONCLUSION Our results support the concept that an inhibitor of ROR-gamma T may have potential utility for the treatment of IBD.
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29
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Jetten AM, Cook DN. (Inverse) Agonists of Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptor γ: Regulation of Immune Responses, Inflammation, and Autoimmune Disease. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 60:371-390. [PMID: 31386594 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates multiple proinflammatory genes and plays a critical role in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Various endogenous and synthetic RORγ (inverse) agonists have been identified that regulate RORγ transcriptional activity, including many cholesterol intermediates and oxysterols. Changes in cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism can therefore have a significant impact on the generation of oxysterol RORγ ligands and, consequently, can control RORγt activity and inflammation. These observations contribute to a growing literature that connects cholesterol metabolism to the regulation of immune responses and autoimmune disease. Loss of RORγ function in knockout mice and in mice treated with RORγ inverse agonists results in reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17A/F, and increased resistance to autoimmune disease in several experimental rodent models. Thus, RORγt inverse agonists might provide an attractive therapeutic approach to treat a variety of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA;
| | - Donald N Cook
- Immunogenetics Section, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Ma Y, Xu X, Li M, Cai J, Wei Q, Niu H. Gut microbiota promote the inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Mol Med 2019; 25:35. [PMID: 31370803 PMCID: PMC6676588 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease whose onset and progression are affected by genetic and environmental factors. The purpose of this study is to identify the influence of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of SLE, and to investigate the mechanism involved. METHODS Fecal microbiota from C57/BL6 mice and SLE prone mice were examined using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Germ free mice were given fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and their gut microbiome and gene expression in recipients' colons were examined by NGS. The anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies in recipients were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The immune cell profiles of mice were analyzed by flow cytometry at the 3rd week after FMT, and the expression of genes associated with SLE after FMT was determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS The fecal microbiota of SLE mice had lower community richness and diversity than healthy mice. Fecal microbiota of recipient mice were similar to their donors. Fecal microbiome from SLE mice could lead to a significant increase of anti-dsDNA antibodies and promote the immune response in recipient mice. Our results also indicated that fecal microbiome from SLE mice resulted in significant changes in the distribution of immune cells and upregulated expression of certain lupus susceptibility genes. CONCLUSIONS SLE is associated with alterations of gut microbiota. Fecal microbiome from SLE mice can induce the production of anti-dsDNA antibodies in germ free mice and stimulate the inflammatory response, and alter the expression of SLE susceptibility genes in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyangzi Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- Department of Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtao Li
- Division of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Hypertension Center, Fuwai hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of China, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease of China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiang Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Haitao Niu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Jiang C, Zhu P, Shi Y, Xiang W, Ge S, Zhang Z, Zuo L. [Protective effect of procyanidin B2 on intestinal barrier and against enteritis in a mouse model of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:778-783. [PMID: 31340909 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.07.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of procyanidin B2 (PCB2) on the intestinal barrier and against enteritis in mice with trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis and explore the possible mechanism. METHODS A mouse model of TNBS-induced colitis was established in male Balb/c mice aged 6-8 weeks. The successfully established mouse models were randomly divided into PCB2 treatment group (n=10) and model group (n=10) and were treated with daily intragastric administration of PCB2 (100 mg/kg, 0.2 mL) and 0.2 mL normal saline, respectively. After 4 weeks, the disease symptoms, intestinal inflammation, intestinal mucosal cell barrier function and the changes in PI3K/AKT signaling were evaluated using HE staining, immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting. RESULTS The disease activity index of the mice was significantly lower and the mean body weight was significantly greater in PCB2 group than in the model group in the 3rd and 4th weeks of intervention (P < 0.05). The levels of colonic inflammation and intestinal mucosal inflammatory mediators IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly lower while IL-10 was significantly higher in PCB2 group than in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with those in the model group, the mice in PCB2 treatment group showed a significantly lower positive rate of bacterial translocation in the mesenteric lymph nodes and a lower thiocyanate-dextran permeability of the intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05). Western blotting showed that PCB2 treatment significantly increased the expressions of claudin-1 and ZO-1 (P < 0.05) and significantly lowered the expression levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT in the intestinal mucosa as compared with those in the model group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS PCB2 suppresses intestinal inflammation and protects intestinal mucosal functions and structural integrity by inhibiting intestinal PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, suggesting the potential of PCB2 as a new drug for Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congqiao Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Pingsheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Wujun Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Sitang Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Zongbing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Lugen Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
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von Berg S, Xue Y, Collins M, Llinas A, Olsson RI, Halvarsson T, Lindskog M, Malmberg J, Jirholt J, Krutrök N, Ramnegård M, Brännström M, Lundqvist A, Lepistö M, Aagaard A, McPheat J, Hansson EL, Chen R, Xiong Y, Hansson TG, Narjes F. Discovery of Potent and Orally Bioavailable Inverse Agonists of the Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor C2. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:972-977. [PMID: 31223457 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The further optimization of a recently disclosed series of inverse agonists of the nuclear receptor RORC2 is described. Investigations into the left-hand side of compound 1, guided by X-ray crystal structures, led to the substitution of the 4-aryl-thiophenyl residue with the hexafluoro-2-phenyl-propan-2-ol moiety. This change resulted in to compound 28, which combined improved drug-like properties with good cell potency and a significantly lower dose, using an early dose to man prediction. Target engagement in vivo was demonstrated in the thymus of mice by a reduction in the number of double positive T cells after oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rongfeng Chen
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Yao Xiong
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
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Bianchi E, Rogge L. The IL-23/IL-17 pathway in human chronic inflammatory diseases – new insight from genetics and targeted therapies. Microbes Infect 2019; 21:246-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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The IL-23/IL-17 pathway in human chronic inflammatory diseases-new insight from genetics and targeted therapies. Genes Immun 2019; 20:415-425. [PMID: 31000797 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-019-0067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, spondyloarthritis, and psoriasis cause significant morbidity and are a considerable burden for the patients in terms of pain, impaired function, and diminished quality of life, as well as for society, because of the associated high health-care costs and loss of productivity. Our limited understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in these diseases currently hinders early diagnosis and the development of more specific and effective therapies. The past years have been marked by considerable progress in our insight of the genetic basis of many diseases. In particular, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) performed with thousands of patients have provided detailed information about the genetic variants associated with a large number of chronic inflammatory diseases. These studies have brought to the forefront many genes linked to signaling pathways that were not previously known to be involved in pathogenesis, pointing to new directions in the study of disease mechanisms. GWAS also provided fundamental evidence for a key role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of these diseases, because many of the identified loci map to genes involved in different immune processes. However, the mechanisms by which disease-associated genetic variants act on disease development and the targeted cell populations remain poorly understood. The challenge of the post-GWAS era is to understand how these variants affect pathogenesis, to allow translation of genetic data into better diagnostics and innovative treatment strategies. Here, we review recent results that document the importance of the IL-23/IL-17 pathway for the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases and summarize data that demonstrate how therapeutic targeting of this pathway can benefit affected patients.
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Chang SH. T helper 17 (Th17) cells and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in cancer. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:549-559. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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