1
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Singh T, Miller IG, Venkatayogi S, Webster H, Heimsath HJ, Eudailey JA, Dudley DM, Kumar A, Mangan RJ, Thein A, Aliota MT, Newman CM, Mohns MS, Breitbach ME, Berry M, Friedrich TC, Wiehe K, O'Connor DH, Permar SR. Prior dengue virus serotype 3 infection modulates subsequent plasmablast responses to Zika virus infection in rhesus macaques. mBio 2024; 15:e0316023. [PMID: 38349142 PMCID: PMC10936420 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03160-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunodominant and highly conserved flavivirus envelope proteins can trigger cross-reactive IgG antibodies against related flaviviruses, which shapes subsequent protection or disease severity. This study examined how prior dengue serotype 3 (DENV-3) infection affects subsequent Zika virus (ZIKV) plasmablast responses in rhesus macaques (n = 4). We found that prior DENV-3 infection was not associated with diminished ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies or magnitude of plasmablast activation. Rather, characterization of 363 plasmablasts and their derivative 177 monoclonal antibody supernatants from acute ZIKV infection revealed that prior DENV-3 infection was associated with a differential isotype distribution toward IgG, lower somatic hypermutation, and lesser B cell receptor variable gene diversity as compared with repeat ZIKV challenge. We did not find long-lasting DENV-3 cross-reactive IgG after a ZIKV infection but did find persistent ZIKV-binding cross-reactive IgG after a DENV-3 infection, suggesting non-reciprocal cross-reactive immunity. Infection with ZIKV after DENV-3 boosted pre-existing DENV-3-neutralizing antibodies by two- to threefold, demonstrating immune imprinting. These findings suggest that the order of DENV and ZIKV infections has impact on the quality of early B cell immunity which has implications for optimal immunization strategies. IMPORTANCE The Zika virus epidemic of 2015-2016 in the Americas revealed that this mosquito-transmitted virus could be congenitally transmitted during pregnancy and cause birth defects in newborns. Currently, there are no interventions to mitigate this disease and Zika virus is likely to re-emerge. Understanding how protective antibody responses are generated against Zika virus can help in the development of a safe and effective vaccine. One main challenge is that Zika virus co-circulates with related viruses like dengue, such that prior exposure to one can generate cross-reactive antibodies against the other which may enhance infection and disease from the second virus. In this study, we sought to understand how prior dengue virus infection impacts subsequent immunity to Zika virus by single-cell sequencing of antibody producing cells in a second Zika virus infection. Identifying specific qualities of Zika virus immunity that are modulated by prior dengue virus immunity will enable optimal immunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Singh
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Sravani Venkatayogi
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Helen Webster
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Holly J. Heimsath
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Josh A. Eudailey
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Dawn M. Dudley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Riley J. Mangan
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amelia Thein
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christina M. Newman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mariel S. Mohns
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Meghan E. Breitbach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Madison Berry
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David H. O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
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2
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Banach BB, Pletnev S, Olia AS, Xu K, Zhang B, Rawi R, Bylund T, Doria-Rose NA, Nguyen TD, Fahad AS, Lee M, Lin BC, Liu T, Louder MK, Madan B, McKee K, O'Dell S, Sastry M, Schön A, Bui N, Shen CH, Wolfe JR, Chuang GY, Mascola JR, Kwong PD, DeKosky BJ. Antibody-directed evolution reveals a mechanism for enhanced neutralization at the HIV-1 fusion peptide site. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7593. [PMID: 37989731 PMCID: PMC10663459 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 fusion peptide (FP) represents a promising vaccine target, but global FP sequence diversity among circulating strains has limited anti-FP antibodies to ~60% neutralization breadth. Here we evolve the FP-targeting antibody VRC34.01 in vitro to enhance FP-neutralization using site saturation mutagenesis and yeast display. Successive rounds of directed evolution by iterative selection of antibodies for binding to resistant HIV-1 strains establish a variant, VRC34.01_mm28, as a best-in-class antibody with 10-fold enhanced potency compared to the template antibody and ~80% breadth on a cross-clade 208-strain neutralization panel. Structural analyses demonstrate that the improved paratope expands the FP binding groove to accommodate diverse FP sequences of different lengths while also recognizing the HIV-1 Env backbone. These data reveal critical antibody features for enhanced neutralization breadth and potency against the FP site of vulnerability and accelerate clinical development of broad HIV-1 FP-targeting vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey B Banach
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Sergei Pletnev
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Tatsiana Bylund
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Thuy Duong Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Ahmed S Fahad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Myungjin Lee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Bob C Lin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Tracy Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Mark K Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Bharat Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Mallika Sastry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Arne Schön
- Department of Biology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Natalie Bui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Chen-Hsiang Shen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Jacy R Wolfe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Brandon J DeKosky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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3
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Erasmus MF, Ferrara F, D'Angelo S, Spector L, Leal-Lopes C, Teixeira AA, Sørensen J, Nagpal S, Perea-Schmittle K, Choudhary A, Honnen W, Calianese D, Antonio Rodriguez Carnero L, Cocklin S, Greiff V, Pinter A, Bradbury ARM. Insights into next generation sequencing guided antibody selection strategies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18370. [PMID: 37884618 PMCID: PMC10603065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibody discovery often relies on in-vitro display methods to identify lead candidates. Assessing selected output diversity traditionally involves random colony picking and Sanger sequencing, which has limitations. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers a cost-effective solution with increased read depth, allowing a comprehensive understanding of diversity. Our study establishes NGS guidelines for antibody drug discovery, demonstrating its advantages in expanding the number of unique HCDR3 clusters, broadening the number of high affinity antibodies, expanding the total number of antibodies recognizing different epitopes, and improving lead prioritization. Surprisingly, our investigation into the correlation between NGS-derived frequencies of CDRs and affinity revealed a lack of association, although this limitation could be moderately mitigated by leveraging NGS clustering, enrichment and/or relative abundance across different regions to enhance lead prioritization. This study highlights NGS benefits, offering insights, recommendations, and the most effective approach to leverage NGS in therapeutic antibody discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara D'Angelo
- Specifica LLC, a Q2 Solutions Company, Santa Fe, USA
| | - Laura Spector
- Specifica LLC, a Q2 Solutions Company, Santa Fe, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alok Choudhary
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - William Honnen
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - David Calianese
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | | | - Simon Cocklin
- Specifica LLC, a Q2 Solutions Company, Santa Fe, USA
| | | | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
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4
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Pan X, López Acevedo SN, Cuziol C, De Tavernier E, Fahad AS, Longjam PS, Rao SP, Aguilera-Rodríguez D, Rezé M, Bricault CA, Gutiérrez-González MF, de Souza MO, DiNapoli JM, Vigne E, Shahsavarian MA, DeKosky BJ. Large-scale antibody immune response mapping of splenic B cells and bone marrow plasma cells in a transgenic mouse model. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1137069. [PMID: 37346047 PMCID: PMC10280637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1137069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular characterization of antibody immunity and human antibody discovery is mainly carried out using peripheral memory B cells, and occasionally plasmablasts, that express B cell receptors (BCRs) on their cell surface. Despite the importance of plasma cells (PCs) as the dominant source of circulating antibodies in serum, PCs are rarely utilized because they do not express surface BCRs and cannot be analyzed using antigen-based fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Here, we studied the antibodies encoded by the entire mature B cell populations, including PCs, and compared the antibody repertoires of bone marrow and spleen compartments elicited by immunization in a human immunoglobulin transgenic mouse strain. To circumvent prior technical limitations for analysis of plasma cells, we applied single-cell antibody heavy and light chain gene capture from the entire mature B cell repertoires followed by yeast display functional analysis using a cytokine as a model immunogen. We performed affinity-based sorting of antibody yeast display libraries and large-scale next-generation sequencing analyses to follow antibody lineage performance, with experimental validation of 76 monoclonal antibodies against the cytokine antigen that identified three antibodies with exquisite double-digit picomolar binding affinity. We observed that spleen B cell populations generated higher affinity antibodies compared to bone marrow PCs and that antigen-specific splenic B cells had higher average levels of somatic hypermutation. A degree of clonal overlap was also observed between bone marrow and spleen antibody repertoires, indicating common origins of certain clones across lymphoid compartments. These data demonstrate a new capacity to functionally analyze antigen-specific B cell populations of different lymphoid organs, including PCs, for high-affinity antibody discovery and detailed fundamental studies of antibody immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sheila N. López Acevedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Camille Cuziol
- Large Molecule Research, Sanofi, Vitry sur Seine, France
| | | | - Ahmed S. Fahad
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Mathilde Rezé
- Large Molecule Research, Sanofi, Vitry sur Seine, France
| | | | - Matías F. Gutiérrez-González
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Matheus Oliveira de Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Brandon J. DeKosky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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5
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Fahad AS, Chung CY, López Acevedo SN, Boyle N, Madan B, Gutiérrez-González MF, Matus-Nicodemos R, Laflin AD, Ladi RR, Zhou J, Wolfe J, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Koup RA, Douek DC, Balfour HH, Price DA, DeKosky BJ. Cell activation-based screening of natively paired human T cell receptor repertoires. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8011. [PMID: 37198258 PMCID: PMC10192375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31858-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immune therapies based on the transfer of antigen-specific T cells have been used successfully to treat various cancers and viral infections, but improved techniques are needed to identify optimally protective human T cell receptors (TCRs). Here we present a high-throughput approach to the identification of natively paired human TCRα and TCRβ (TCRα:β) genes encoding heterodimeric TCRs that recognize specific peptide antigens bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules (pMHCs). We first captured and cloned TCRα:β genes from individual cells, ensuring fidelity using a suppression PCR. We then screened TCRα:β libraries expressed in an immortalized cell line using peptide-pulsed antigen-presenting cells and sequenced activated clones to identify the cognate TCRs. Our results validated an experimental pipeline that allows large-scale repertoire datasets to be annotated with functional specificity information, facilitating the discovery of therapeutically relevant TCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Fahad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66044, USA
| | - Cheng Yu Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66044, USA
| | - Sheila N López Acevedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66044, USA
| | - Nicoleen Boyle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66044, USA
| | - Bharat Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66044, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Matus-Nicodemos
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amy D Laflin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66044, USA
| | - Rukmini R Ladi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66044, USA
| | - John Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66044, USA
| | - Jacy Wolfe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66044, USA
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Henry H Balfour
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Brandon J DeKosky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66044, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66044, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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6
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de Souza MO, Madan B, Teng IT, Huang A, Liu L, Fahad AS, Lopez Acevedo SN, Pan X, Sastry M, Gutierrez-Gonzalez M, Yin MT, Zhou T, Ho DD, Kwong PD, DeKosky BJ. Mapping monoclonal anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody repertoires against diverse coronavirus antigens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:977064. [PMID: 36119018 PMCID: PMC9478573 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.977064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged continuously, challenging the effectiveness of vaccines, diagnostics, and treatments. Moreover, the possibility of the appearance of a new betacoronavirus with high transmissibility and high fatality is reason for concern. In this study, we used a natively paired yeast display technology, combined with next-generation sequencing (NGS) and massive bioinformatic analysis to perform a comprehensive study of subdomain specificity of natural human antibodies from two convalescent donors. Using this screening technology, we mapped the cross-reactive responses of antibodies generated by the two donors against SARS-CoV-2 variants and other betacoronaviruses. We tested the neutralization potency of a set of the cross-reactive antibodies generated in this study and observed that most of the antibodies produced by these patients were non-neutralizing. We performed a comparison of the specific and non-specific antibodies by somatic hypermutation in a repertoire-scale for the two individuals and observed that the degree of somatic hypermutation was unique for each patient. The data from this study provide functional insights into cross-reactive antibodies that can assist in the development of strategies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and divergent betacoronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Oliveira de Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Bharat Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Aric Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Lihong Liu
- Aaron Diamond acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ahmed S. Fahad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Sheila N. Lopez Acevedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Mallika Sastry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matias Gutierrez-Gonzalez
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Michael T. Yin
- Department of Medicine , Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David D. Ho
- Aaron Diamond acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brandon J. DeKosky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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7
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Banach BB, Tripathi P, Da Silva Pereira L, Gorman J, Nguyen TD, Dillon M, Fahad AS, Kiyuka PK, Madan B, Wolfe JR, Bonilla B, Flynn B, Francica JR, Hurlburt NK, Kisalu NK, Liu T, Ou L, Rawi R, Schön A, Shen CH, Teng IT, Zhang B, Pancera M, Idris AH, Seder RA, Kwong PD, DeKosky BJ. Highly protective antimalarial antibodies via precision library generation and yeast display screening. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20220323. [PMID: 35736810 PMCID: PMC9242090 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The monoclonal antibody CIS43 targets the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) and prevents malaria infection in humans for up to 9 mo following a single intravenous administration. To enhance the potency and clinical utility of CIS43, we used iterative site-saturation mutagenesis and DNA shuffling to screen precise gene-variant yeast display libraries for improved PfCSP antigen recognition. We identified several mutations that improved recognition, predominately in framework regions, and combined these to produce a panel of antibody variants. The most improved antibody, CIS43_Var10, had three mutations and showed approximately sixfold enhanced protective potency in vivo compared to CIS43. Co-crystal and cryo-electron microscopy structures of CIS43_Var10 with the peptide epitope or with PfCSP, respectively, revealed functional roles for each of these mutations. The unbiased site-directed mutagenesis and screening pipeline described here represent a powerful approach to enhance protective potency and to enable broader clinical use of antimalarial antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey B. Banach
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Prabhanshu Tripathi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lais Da Silva Pereira
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Thuy Duong Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Marlon Dillon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ahmed S. Fahad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Patience K. Kiyuka
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bharat Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Jacy R. Wolfe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Brian Bonilla
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Barbara Flynn
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joseph R. Francica
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nicholas K. Hurlburt
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, WA
| | - Neville K. Kisalu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tracy Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Li Ou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Arne Schön
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Chen-Hsiang Shen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Marie Pancera
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, WA
| | - Azza H. Idris
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert A. Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Brandon J. DeKosky
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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8
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Teng IT, Nazzari AF, Choe M, Liu T, Oliveira de Souza M, Petrova Y, Tsybovsky Y, Wang S, Zhang B, Artamonov M, Madan B, Huang A, Lopez Acevedo SN, Pan X, Ruckwardt TJ, DeKosky BJ, Mascola JR, Misasi J, Sullivan NJ, Zhou T, Kwong PD. Molecular probes of spike ectodomain and its subdomains for SARS-CoV-2 variants, Alpha through Omicron. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268767. [PMID: 35609088 PMCID: PMC9129042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, widespread infections have allowed SARS-CoV-2 to evolve in human, leading to the emergence of multiple circulating variants. Some of these variants show increased resistance to vaccine-elicited immunity, convalescent plasma, or monoclonal antibodies. In particular, mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike have drawn attention. To facilitate the isolation of neutralizing antibodies and the monitoring of vaccine effectiveness against these variants, we designed and produced biotin-labeled molecular probes of variant SARS-CoV-2 spikes and their subdomains, using a structure-based construct design that incorporated an N-terminal purification tag, a specific amino acid sequence for protease cleavage, the variant spike-based region of interest, and a C-terminal sequence targeted by biotin ligase. These probes could be produced by a single step using in-process biotinylation and purification. We characterized the physical properties and antigenicity of these probes, comprising the N-terminal domain (NTD), the receptor-binding domain (RBD), the RBD and subdomain 1 (RBD-SD1), and the prefusion-stabilized spike ectodomain (S2P) with sequences from SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern or of interest, including variants Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Epsilon, Iota, Kappa, Delta, Lambda, Mu, and Omicron. We functionally validated probes by using yeast expressing a panel of nine SARS-CoV-2 spike-binding antibodies and confirmed sorting capabilities of variant probes using yeast displaying libraries of plasma antibodies from COVID-19 convalescent donors. We deposited these constructs to Addgene to enable their dissemination. Overall, this study describes a matrix of SARS-CoV-2 variant molecular probes that allow for assessment of immune responses, identification of serum antibody specificity, and isolation and characterization of neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexandra F. Nazzari
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Misook Choe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tracy Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matheus Oliveira de Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuliya Petrova
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mykhaylo Artamonov
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bharat Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aric Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Sheila N. Lopez Acevedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Tracy J. Ruckwardt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brandon J. DeKosky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John Misasi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nancy J. Sullivan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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9
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Fahad AS, Chung CY, Lopez Acevedo SN, Boyle N, Madan B, Gutiérrez-González MF, Matus-Nicodemos R, Laflin AD, Ladi RR, Zhou J, Wolfe J, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Koup RA, Douek DC, Balfour Jr HH, Price DA, DeKosky BJ. Immortalization and functional screening of natively paired human T cell receptor repertoires. Protein Eng Des Sel 2022; 35:gzab034. [PMID: 35174859 PMCID: PMC9005053 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional analyses of the T cell receptor (TCR) landscape can reveal critical information about protection from disease and molecular responses to vaccines. However, it has proven difficult to combine advanced next-generation sequencing technologies with methods to decode the peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) specificity of individual TCRs. We developed a new high-throughput approach to enable repertoire-scale functional evaluations of natively paired TCRs. In particular, we leveraged the immortalized nature of physically linked TCRα:β amplicon libraries to analyze binding against multiple recombinant pMHCs on a repertoire scale, and to exemplify the utility of this approach, we also performed affinity-based functional mapping in conjunction with quantitative next-generation sequencing to track antigen-specific TCRs. These data successfully validated a new immortalization and screening platform to facilitate detailed molecular analyses of disease-relevant antigen interactions with human TCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Fahad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Cheng-Yu Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Sheila N Lopez Acevedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Nicoleen Boyle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Bharat Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Matus-Nicodemos
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy D Laflin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Rukmini R Ladi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - John Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Jacy Wolfe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Henry H Balfour Jr
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Brandon J DeKosky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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10
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Raeeszadeh-Sarmazdeh M, Boder ET. Yeast Surface Display: New Opportunities for a Time-Tested Protein Engineering System. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2491:3-25. [PMID: 35482182 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2285-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Yeast surface display has proven to be a powerful tool for the discovery of antibodies and other novel binding proteins and for engineering the affinity and selectivity of existing proteins for their targets. In the decades since the first demonstrations of the approach, the range of yeast display applications has greatly expanded to include many different protein targets and has grown to encompass methods for rapid protein characterization. Here, we briefly summarize the development of yeast display methodologies and highlight several selected examples of recent applications to timely and challenging protein engineering and characterization problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric T Boder
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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11
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Teng IT, Nazzari AF, Choe M, Liu T, Oliveira de Souza M, Petrova Y, Tsybovsky Y, Wang S, Zhang B, Artamonov M, Madan B, Huang A, Lopez Acevedo SN, Pan X, Ruckwardt TJ, DeKosky BJ, Mascola JR, Misasi J, Sullivan NJ, Zhou T, Kwong PD. Molecular probes of spike ectodomain and its subdomains for SARS-CoV-2 variants, Alpha through Omicron. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.12.29.474491. [PMID: 35018379 PMCID: PMC8750702 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.29.474491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, widespread infections have allowed SARS-CoV-2 to evolve in human, leading to the emergence of multiple circulating variants. Some of these variants show increased resistance to vaccines, convalescent plasma, or monoclonal antibodies. In particular, mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike have drawn attention. To facilitate the isolation of neutralizing antibodies and the monitoring the vaccine effectiveness against these variants, we designed and produced biotin-labeled molecular probes of variant SARS-CoV-2 spikes and their subdomains, using a structure-based construct design that incorporated an N-terminal purification tag, a specific amino acid sequence for protease cleavage, the variant spike-based region of interest, and a C-terminal sequence targeted by biotin ligase. These probes could be produced by a single step using in-process biotinylation and purification. We characterized the physical properties and antigenicity of these probes, comprising the N-terminal domain (NTD), the receptor-binding domain (RBD), the RBD and subdomain 1 (RBD-SD1), and the prefusion-stabilized spike ectodomain (S2P) with sequences from SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern or of interest, including variants Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Epsilon, Iota, Kappa, Delta, Lambda, Mu, and Omicron. We functionally validated probes by using yeast expressing a panel of nine SARS-CoV-2 spike-binding antibodies and confirmed sorting capabilities of variant probes using yeast displaying libraries of plasma antibodies from COVID-19 convalescent donors. We deposited these constructs to Addgene to enable their dissemination. Overall, this study describes a matrix of SARS-CoV-2 variant molecular probes that allow for assessment of immune responses, identification of serum antibody specificity, and isolation and characterization of neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexandra F. Nazzari
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Misook Choe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tracy Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matheus Oliveira de Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuliya Petrova
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mykhaylo Artamonov
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bharat Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aric Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Sheila N. Lopez Acevedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Tracy J. Ruckwardt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brandon J. DeKosky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John Misasi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nancy J. Sullivan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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12
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Teng IT, Nazzari AF, Choe M, Liu T, Oliveira de Souza M, Petrova Y, Tsybovsky Y, Wang S, Zhang B, Artamonov M, Madan B, Huang A, Lopez Acevedo SN, Pan X, Ruckwardt TJ, DeKosky BJ, Mascola JR, Misasi J, Sullivan NJ, Zhou T, Kwong PD. Molecular probes of spike ectodomain and its subdomains for SARS-CoV-2 variants, Alpha through Omicron. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.12.29.474491. [PMID: 35018379 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.18.426999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, widespread infections have allowed SARS-CoV-2 to evolve in human, leading to the emergence of multiple circulating variants. Some of these variants show increased resistance to vaccines, convalescent plasma, or monoclonal antibodies. In particular, mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike have drawn attention. To facilitate the isolation of neutralizing antibodies and the monitoring the vaccine effectiveness against these variants, we designed and produced biotin-labeled molecular probes of variant SARS-CoV-2 spikes and their subdomains, using a structure-based construct design that incorporated an N-terminal purification tag, a specific amino acid sequence for protease cleavage, the variant spike-based region of interest, and a C-terminal sequence targeted by biotin ligase. These probes could be produced by a single step using in-process biotinylation and purification. We characterized the physical properties and antigenicity of these probes, comprising the N-terminal domain (NTD), the receptor-binding domain (RBD), the RBD and subdomain 1 (RBD-SD1), and the prefusion-stabilized spike ectodomain (S2P) with sequences from SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern or of interest, including variants Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Epsilon, Iota, Kappa, Delta, Lambda, Mu, and Omicron. We functionally validated probes by using yeast expressing a panel of nine SARS-CoV-2 spike-binding antibodies and confirmed sorting capabilities of variant probes using yeast displaying libraries of plasma antibodies from COVID-19 convalescent donors. We deposited these constructs to Addgene to enable their dissemination. Overall, this study describes a matrix of SARS-CoV-2 variant molecular probes that allow for assessment of immune responses, identification of serum antibody specificity, and isolation and characterization of neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexandra F Nazzari
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Misook Choe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tracy Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matheus Oliveira de Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuliya Petrova
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mykhaylo Artamonov
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bharat Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aric Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Sheila N Lopez Acevedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Tracy J Ruckwardt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brandon J DeKosky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John Misasi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nancy J Sullivan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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13
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Madan B, Reddem ER, Wang P, Casner RG, Nair MS, Huang Y, Fahad AS, de Souza MO, Banach BB, López Acevedo SN, Pan X, Nimrania R, Teng I, Bahna F, Zhou T, Zhang B, Yin MT, Ho DD, Kwong PD, Shapiro L, DeKosky BJ. Antibody screening at reduced pH enables preferential selection of potently neutralizing antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2. AIChE J 2021; 67:e17440. [PMID: 34898670 PMCID: PMC8646896 DOI: 10.1002/aic.17440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Antiviral monoclonal antibody (mAb) discovery enables the development of antibody-based antiviral therapeutics. Traditional antiviral mAb discovery relies on affinity between antibody and a viral antigen to discover potent neutralizing antibodies, but these approaches are inefficient because many high affinity mAbs have no neutralizing activity. We sought to determine whether screening for anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs at reduced pH could provide more efficient neutralizing antibody discovery. We mined the antibody response of a convalescent COVID-19 patient at both physiological pH (7.4) and reduced pH (4.5), revealing that SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were preferentially enriched in pH 4.5 yeast display sorts. Structural analysis revealed that a potent new antibody called LP5 targets the SARS-CoV-2 N-terminal domain supersite via a unique binding recognition mode. Our data combine with evidence from prior studies to support antibody screening at pH 4.5 to accelerate antiviral neutralizing antibody discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryThe University of KansasLawrenceKansasUSA
| | - Eswar R. Reddem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiophysicsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior InstituteColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research CenterColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ryan G. Casner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiophysicsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior InstituteColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Manoj S. Nair
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research CenterColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research CenterColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ahmed S. Fahad
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryThe University of KansasLawrenceKansasUSA
| | | | - Bailey B. Banach
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryThe University of KansasLawrenceKansasUSA
| | | | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryThe University of KansasLawrenceKansasUSA
| | - Rajani Nimrania
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryThe University of KansasLawrenceKansasUSA
| | - I‐Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research CenterNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Fabiana Bahna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiophysicsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior InstituteColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research CenterNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research CenterNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Michael T. Yin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious DiseasesColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - David D. Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research CenterColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiophysicsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Vaccine Research CenterNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiophysicsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior InstituteColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research CenterColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Brandon J. DeKosky
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryThe University of KansasLawrenceKansasUSA
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of KansasLawrenceKansasUSA
- The Ragon Institute of MGHMIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
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