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Wu Y, Serna R, Gan W, Fan Z. Different patterns of leukocyte immune responses to infection of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2025; 15:1508120. [PMID: 40313462 PMCID: PMC12043629 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1508120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2025] [Indexed: 05/03/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Contributions of leukocytes to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) defense have been reported extensively. However, it remains unclear whether there are different leukocyte responses to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Methods We analyzed peripheral blood leukocyte and subtype concentrations from 575 COVID-19 patients and 950 non-COVID-19 subjects registered at the University of Connecticut John Dempsey Hospital between 2020 and 2022, which covers the ancestral strain, Delta, and Omicron variants. Results We found that neutrophils, immature granulocytes, and monocytes were elevated, and lymphocytes were reduced after infection. These hyperactive neutrophils/immature granulocytes and suppressed lymphocytes/monocytes were associated with poorer prognosis in ancestral strain infection. Different from the ancestral strain, hyperactive immature granulocytes were not shown in the decedents of Delta infection, and immature granulocyte concentration was not observed to be associated with mortality. In Omicron infection, suppressed lymphocytes and monocytes were not shown in the decedents, and lymphocyte/monocyte concentrations were not associated with mortality. Conclusions Our findings provided insights into different leukocyte immune responses to ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Delta, and Omicron variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Raphael Serna
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Wenqi Gan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
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2
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Mester P, Birner C, Schmid S, Müller M, Pavel V, Buechler C. Elevated plasma soluble lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 as an independent prognostic biomarker in sepsis. Lipids Health Dis 2025; 24:47. [PMID: 39948564 PMCID: PMC11823166 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-025-02462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Accepted: 02/02/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (sLOX-1) is overproduced during inflammation, with its expression and release triggered by C-reactive protein (CRP). As CRP levels are typically elevated in sepsis, this study aimed to investigate whether sLOX-1 levels increase in parallel. METHODS Plasma sLOX-1 levels of 52 patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), 45 patients with sepsis, 88 patients with septic shock and 37 controls were measured by ELISA. Associations with CRP, underlying diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and bacterial infections were analysed. RESULTS Plasma sLOX-1 levels were similarly elevated in patients with SIRS, sepsis, or septic shock compared to controls. Plasma sLOX-1 levels did not differ between male and female controls or patients. Plasma sLOX-1 levels were comparable in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, Gram-negative bacteria, or Gram-positive bacteria. No association was observed between sLOX-1 levels and underlying liver cirrhosis or pancreatitis. Notably, plasma sLOX-1 levels correlated positively with leukocyte and basophil counts but showed no correlation with CRP or procalcitonin. Of clinical relevance, positive correlations were also found with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and bilirubin levels. Among the 41 patients who did not survive, sLOX-1, AST, and bilirubin levels were significantly higher compared to those of survivors. CONCLUSIONS Plasma levels of sLOX-1 are elevated in patients with SIRS or sepsis and are significantly higher in non-survivors. Of note, they do not correlate with classical inflammatory markers, suggesting that sLOX-1 may function as an independent prognostic biomarker for predicting poor outcomes in patients with SIRS or sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mester
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Birner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vlad Pavel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Malamud M, Brown GD. The Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 clusters: C-type lectin receptors with fundamental roles in immunity. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:5239-5264. [PMID: 39482490 PMCID: PMC11624271 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of myeloid cells to recognize and differentiate endogenous or exogenous ligands rely on the presence of different transmembrane protein receptors. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), defined by the presence of a conserved structural motif called C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD), are a crucial family of receptors involved in this process, being able to recognize a diverse range of ligands from glycans to proteins or lipids and capable of initiating an immune response. The Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 clusters involve two groups of CLRs, with genes genomically linked within the natural killer cluster of genes in both humans and mice, and all characterized by the presence of a single extracellular CTLD. Fundamental immune cell functions such as antimicrobial effector mechanisms as well as internalization and presentation of antigens are induced and/or regulated through activatory, or inhibitory signalling pathways triggered by these receptors after ligand binding. In this review, we will discuss the most recent concepts regarding expression, ligands, signaling pathways and functions of each member of the Dectin clusters of CLRs, highlighting the importance and diversity of their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Malamud
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Gordon D Brown
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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4
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Kraus RF, Ott L, Utpatel K, Kees MG, Gruber MA, Bitzinger D. Neutrophils in the Spotlight-An Analysis of Neutrophil Function and Phenotype in ARDS. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12547. [PMID: 39684262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252312547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2024] [Revised: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 11/16/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complex disease pattern in which pathogenesis polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) play a key role. In previous experiments, we could show that interaction with collagen III (an important component of pulmonary tissue) is a possible trigger of neutrophil reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. To investigate possible correlations, further elucidate ARDS pathophysiology, and maybe find pharmacological targets, we evaluated PMNs from blood (circulating PMNs: cPMNs) and tracheal secretion (tPMNs) from patients with and without ARDS with regard to function and phenotype. Blood samples and tracheal secretions were obtained from intensive care patients with and without ARDS. Isolation of cPMN was performed by density-gradient gravity sedimentation without centrifugation. For tPMN isolation, endotracheal aspirate was filtered, and tPMNs were separated from the remaining aspirate using a particle filter. Specific surface epitopes (CD66b, CD62L, fMLP-receptor, LOX-1, CD49d, CD29, CD11b) of the isolated PMN cells were labeled with antibody-coupled dyes and analyzed by flow cytometry. Neutrophil ROS production before and after activation with N-formyl-methyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) was quantified using rhodamine-123. In addition, a qualitative cytological hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed with a portion of the secretion. tPMNs were observed in both bloody and mucosal tracheal secretions from ARDS patients. The epitope distribution on cPMNs and tPMNs differed significantly in patients with and without ARDS: tPMNs generally showed increased expression of CD66b, LOX-1 and fMLP-receptor compared to cPMNs, and decreased expression of CD62L. The CD49d levels of all cPMNs were at the same level as tPMNs in ARDS, whereas CD49d expression was increased on tPMNs without ARDS. ROS production was significantly stimulated by fMLP/TNFα in cPMNs regardless of the patient group, while it was similarly increased in tPMNs with and without stimulation. Increased expression of CD66b, LOX-1 and fMLP-receptor on tPMNs indicated a higher activity status compared to cPMNs. Increased CD49d expression on tPMNs without ARDS marks different PMN surface changes in lung disease. PMNs appear to be in a more activated state in lung secretions than in blood, as indicated by higher CD66b and lower CD62L expression, higher constitutive ROS production and lower excitability with fMLP and TNFα. In the context of possible CD49d-triggered ROS production, it is noteworthy that CD49d is downregulated in secretion from patients with ARDS compared to patients without. This phenotypic and functional PMN characterization can provide valuable diagnostic and therapeutic information for the intensive care treatment of ARDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Kraus
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Ott
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Utpatel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin G Kees
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Gruber
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diane Bitzinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Deng XH, Huang LX, Sun Q, Li CG, Xie YC, Liu XQ, Fu QL. Increased circulating LOX-1 + neutrophils activate T cells and demonstrate a pro-inflammatory role in allergic rhinitis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36218. [PMID: 39281616 PMCID: PMC11398634 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Low-density neutrophils are heterogeneous immune cells with immunosuppressive (such as polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells [PMN-MDSC]) or pro-inflammatory (such as low-density granulocytes [LDG]) properties that have been well described in multiple cancers and immune diseases. However, its role in allergic rhinitis (AR) is still unclear. Methods In the present study, we defined low-density neutrophils as CD14-CD11B+CD15+LOX-1+ (LOX-1+ neutrophils), and their levels in the peripheral blood (PB) were evaluated and compared between patients with AR and healthy donors using flow cytometric analysis. LOX-1 expression on polymorphonuclear neutrophils was identified. Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-stained CD3+ T cells were cultured alone or with LOX-1+ neutrophils, T cell proliferation was assessed using flow cytometry, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the supernatants were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinicopathological analyses were performed to gain a thorough understanding of LOX-1+ neutrophils. Results We determined that LOX-1+ neutrophils were significantly increased in the PB of patients with AR, and LOX-1 expression in neutrophils from patients with AR was elevated. Interestingly, LOX-1+ neutrophils derived from patients with AR, unlike PMN-MDSC, promoted T cell proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Moreover, clinicopathological analysis revealed that there was no any relation between circulating LOX-1+ neutrophil levels and the levels of IgE, age and sex. Conclusion These findings indicate that elevated circulating LOX-1+ neutrophils play a pro-inflammatory role in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Deng
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
- Department of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Long-Xin Huang
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
- Department of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Qi- Sun
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
- Department of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Chan-Gu Li
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
- Department of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Ying-Chun Xie
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
- Department of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qing Liu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
- Department of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Qing-Ling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
- Department of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
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Dwivedi A, Ui Mhaonaigh A, Carroll M, Khosravi B, Batten I, Ballantine RS, Hendricken Phelan S, O’Doherty L, George AM, Sui J, Hawerkamp HC, Fallon PG, Noppe E, Mason S, Conlon N, Ni Cheallaigh C, Finlay CM, Little MA, Bioresource OBOTSJATTAR(STTAR. Emergence of dysfunctional neutrophils with a defect in arginase-1 release in severe COVID-19. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e171659. [PMID: 39253969 PMCID: PMC11385094 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophilia occurs in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and is predictive of poor outcomes. Here, we link heterogenous neutrophil populations to disease severity in COVID-19. We identified neutrophils with features of cellular aging and immunosuppressive capacity in mild COVID-19 and features of neutrophil immaturity and activation in severe disease. The low-density neutrophil (LDN) number in circulating blood correlated with COVID-19 severity. Many of the divergent neutrophil phenotypes in COVID-19 were overrepresented in the LDN fraction and were less detectable in normal-density neutrophils. Functionally, neutrophils from patients with severe COVID-19 displayed defects in neutrophil extracellular trap formation and reactive oxygen species production. Soluble factors secreted by neutrophils from these patients inhibited T cell proliferation. Neutrophils from patients with severe COVID-19 had increased expression of arginase-1 protein, a feature that was retained in convalescent patients. Despite this increase in intracellular expression, there was a reduction in arginase-1 release by neutrophils into serum and culture supernatants. Furthermore, neutrophil-mediated T cell suppression was independent of arginase-1. Our results indicate the presence of dysfunctional, activated, and immature neutrophils in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isabella Batten
- Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Laura O’Doherty
- Wellcome Trust, Clinical Research Facility
- Department of Infectious Diseases; and
| | | | - Jacklyn Sui
- Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Immunology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Padraic G. Fallon
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Department of Immunology, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute; and
| | - Elnè Noppe
- Department of Critical Care, Tallaght University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sabina Mason
- Department of Critical Care, Tallaght University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niall Conlon
- Department of Infectious Diseases; and
- Department of Immunology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Seguí E, Torres JM, Auclin E, Casadevall D, Peiro Carmona S, Aguilar-Company J, García de Herreros M, Gorría T, Laguna JC, Rodríguez M, González A, Epaillard N, Gavira J, Bolaño V, Tapia JC, Tagliamento M, Teixidó C, Arasanz H, Pilotto S, Lopez-Castro R, Mielgo-Rubio X, Urbano C, Recondo G, Diaz Pavon M, Bluthgen MV, Minatta JN, Lupinacci L, Brasó-Maristany F, Prat A, Vlagea A, Mezquita L. The FLARE Score and Circulating Neutrophils in Patients with Cancer and COVID-19 Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2974. [PMID: 39272832 PMCID: PMC11393969 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16172974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammation and neutrophils play a central role in both COVID-19 disease and cancer. We aimed to assess the impact of pre-existing tumor-related inflammation on COVID-19 outcomes in patients with cancer and to elucidate the role of circulating neutrophil subpopulations. METHODS We conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis of 524 patients with cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection, assessing the relationship between clinical outcomes and circulating inflammatory biomarkers collected before and during COVID-19 infection. Additionally, a single-center prospective cohort study provided data for an exploratory analysis, assessing the immunophenotype of circulating neutrophils and inflammatory cytokines. The primary endpoints were 30-day mortality and the severity of COVID-19 disease. RESULTS Prior to COVID-19, 25% of patients with cancer exhibited elevated dNLR, which increased to 55% at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. We developed the FLARE score, incorporating both tumor- and infection-induced inflammation, which categorized patients into four prognostic groups. The poor prognostic group had a 30-day mortality rate of 68%, significantly higher than the 23% in the favorable group (p < 0.0001). This score proved to be an independent predictor of early mortality. This prospective analysis revealed a shift towards immature forms of neutrophils and higher IL-6 levels in patients with cancer and severe COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSIONS A pre-existing tumor-induced pro-inflammatory state significantly impacts COVID-19 outcomes in patients with cancer. The FLARE score, derived from circulating inflammatory markers, emerges as an easy-to-use, globally accessible, effective tool for clinicians to identify patients with cancer at heightened risk of severe COVID-19 complications and early mortality who might benefit most from immediate and intensive treatment strategies. Furthermore, our findings underscore the significance of immature neutrophils in the progression of COVID-19 in patients with cancer, advocating for further investigation into how these cells contribute to both cancer and COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Seguí
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Torres
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edouard Auclin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hopital Europeen George Pompidou, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - David Casadevall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Peiro Carmona
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Aguilar-Company
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta García de Herreros
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Gorría
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Laguna
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Azucena González
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Epaillard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hopital Europeen George Pompidou, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Javier Gavira
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Bolaño
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose C Tapia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Tagliamento
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy
- Academic Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina Teixidó
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology and CORE Molecular Biology laboratory, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugo Arasanz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Pilotto
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine-Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona and University and Hospital Trust (AOUI) of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Rafael Lopez-Castro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Xabier Mielgo-Rubio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcon, 28922 Alcorcon, Spain
| | - Cristina Urbano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital General de Granollers, 08402 Granollers, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Recondo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno" (CEMIC), Buenos Aires C1000, Argentina
| | - Mar Diaz Pavon
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José Nicolas Minatta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199, Argentina
| | - Lorena Lupinacci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199, Argentina
| | - Fara Brasó-Maristany
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Prat
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Oncology (IOB)-Hospital Quirón Salud, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Reveal Genomics, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandru Vlagea
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Nhamoyebonde S, Chambers M, Ndlovu L, Karim F, Mazibuko M, Mhlane Z, Madziwa L, Moosa Y, Moodley S, Hoque M, Leslie A. Detailed phenotyping reveals diverse and highly skewed neutrophil subsets in both the blood and airways during active tuberculosis infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1422836. [PMID: 38947330 PMCID: PMC11212598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1422836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutrophils play a complex and important role in the immunopathology of TB. Data suggest they are protective during early infection but become a main driver of immunopathology if infection progresses to active disease. Neutrophils are now recognized to exist in functionally diverse states, but little work has been done on how neutrophil states or subsets are skewed in TB disease. Methods To address this, we carried out comprehensive phenotyping by flow cytometry of neutrophils in the blood and airways of individuals with active pulmonary TB with and without HIV co-infection recruited in Durban, South Africa. Results Active TB was associated with a profound skewing of neutrophils in the blood toward phenotypes associated with activation and apoptosis, reduced phagocytosis, reverse transmigration, and immune regulation. This skewing was also apparently in airway neutrophils, particularly the regulatory subsets expressing PDL-1 and LOX-1. HIV co-infection did not impact neutrophil subsets in the blood but was associated with a phenotypic change in the airways and a reduction in key neutrophil functional proteins cathelicidin and arginase 1. Discussion Active TB is associated with profound skewing of blood and airway neutrophils and suggests multiple mechanisms by which neutrophils may exacerbate the immunopathology of TB. These data indicate potential avenues for reducing neutrophil-mediated lung pathology at the point of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Chambers
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lerato Ndlovu
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Farina Karim
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Zoey Mhlane
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Yunus Moosa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Monjurul Hoque
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Leonard J, Kepplinger D, Espina V, Gillevet P, Ke Y, Birukov KG, Doctor A, Hoemann CD. Whole blood coagulation in an ex vivo thrombus is sufficient to induce clot neutrophils to adopt a myeloid-derived suppressor cell signature and shed soluble Lox-1. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:1031-1045. [PMID: 38135253 PMCID: PMC11584067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood clots are living tissues that release inflammatory mediators including IL-8/CXCL8 and MCP-1/CCL2. A deeper understanding of blood clots is needed to develop new therapies for prothrombotic disease states and regenerative medicine. OBJECTIVES To identify a common transcriptional shift in cultured blood clot leukocytes. METHODS Differential gene expression of whole blood and cultured clots (4 hours at 37 °C) was assessed by RNA sequencing (RNAseq), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, proteomics, and histology (23 diverse healthy human donors). Cultured clot serum bioactivity was tested in endothelial barrier functional assays. RESULTS All cultured clots developed a polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell (PMN-MDSC) signature, including up-regulation of OLR1 (mRNA encoding lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 [Lox-1]), IL-8/CXCL8, CXCL2, CCL2, IL10, IL1A, SPP1, TREM1, and DUSP4/MKP. Lipopolysaccharide enhanced PMN-MDSC gene expression and specifically induced a type II interferon response with IL-6 production. Lox-1 was specifically expressed by cultured clot CD15+ neutrophils. Cultured clot neutrophils, but not activated platelets, shed copious amounts of soluble Lox-1 (sLox-1) with a donor-dependent amplitude. sLox-1 shedding was enhanced by phorbol ester and suppressed by heparin and by beta-glycerol phosphate, a phosphatase inhibitor. Cultured clot serum significantly enhanced endothelial cell monolayer barrier function, consistent with a proresolving bioactivity. CONCLUSION This study suggests that PMN-MDSC activation is part of the innate immune response to coagulation which may have a protective role in inflammation. The cultured blood clot is an innovative thrombus model that can be used to study both sterile and nonsterile inflammatory states and could be used as a personalized medicine tool for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Leonard
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - David Kepplinger
- Department of Statistics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Department of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Pat Gillevet
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Yunbo Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Allan Doctor
- Departments of Pediatrics & Bioengineering and Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caroline D Hoemann
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA.
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10
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Willett JDS, Gravel A, Dubuc I, Gudimard L, Dos Santos Pereira Andrade AC, Lacasse É, Fortin P, Liu JL, Cervantes JA, Galvez JH, Djambazian HHV, Zwaig M, Roy AM, Lee S, Chen SH, Ragoussis J, Flamand L. SARS-CoV-2 rapidly evolves lineage-specific phenotypic differences when passaged repeatedly in immune-naïve mice. Commun Biol 2024; 7:191. [PMID: 38365933 PMCID: PMC10873417 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The persistence of SARS-CoV-2 despite the development of vaccines and a degree of herd immunity is partly due to viral evolution reducing vaccine and treatment efficacy. Serial infections of wild-type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 in Balb/c mice yield mouse-adapted strains with greater infectivity and mortality. We investigate if passaging unmodified B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) 20 times in K18-ACE2 mice, expressing the human ACE2 receptor, in a BSL-3 laboratory without selective pressures, drives human health-relevant evolution and if evolution is lineage-dependent. Late-passage virus causes more severe disease, at organism and lung tissue scales, with late-passage Delta demonstrating antibody resistance and interferon suppression. This resistance co-occurs with a de novo spike S371F mutation, linked with both traits. S371F, an Omicron-characteristic mutation, is co-inherited at times with spike E1182G per Nanopore sequencing, existing in different within-sample viral variants at others. Both S371F and E1182G are linked to mammalian GOLGA7 and ZDHHC5 interactions, which mediate viral-cell entry and antiviral response. This study demonstrates SARS-CoV-2's tendency to evolve with phenotypic consequences, its evolution varying by lineage, and suggests non-dominant quasi-species contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Daniel Sunday Willett
- Quantitative Life Sciences Ph.D. Program, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Annie Gravel
- Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec- Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Dubuc
- Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec- Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Leslie Gudimard
- Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec- Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Émile Lacasse
- Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec- Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul Fortin
- Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec- Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche ARThrite-Arthrite, Recherche et Traitements, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ju-Ling Liu
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jose Avila Cervantes
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jose Hector Galvez
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Haig Hugo Vrej Djambazian
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Melissa Zwaig
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Roy
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sally Lee
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shu-Huang Chen
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Louis Flamand
- Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec- Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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11
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Marsile-Medun S, Souchard M, Abba Moussa D, Reynaud É, Tuaillon E, Naranjo-Gomez M, Pelegrin M. Fc receptors are key discriminatory markers of granulocytes subsets in people living with HIV-1. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345422. [PMID: 38384451 PMCID: PMC10879334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Granulocytes are innate immune cells that play a key role in pathogen elimination. Recent studies revealed the diversity of granulocytes in terms of phenotype and function. In particular, a subset of granulocytes identified as low-density granulocytes (LDG) has been described in physiological conditions and with increased frequencies in several pathological contexts. However, the properties of LDG are still controversial as they vary according to the pathophysiological environment. Here we investigated the heterogeneity of granulocyte populations and the potential differences in phenotype and immunomodulatory capacity between LDG and normal density granulocytes (NDG) in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). Methods To this end, we developed an optimized method to purify LDG and NDG from a single blood sample, and performed in-depth, comparative phenotypic characterization of both granulocyte subtypes. We also assessed the impact of purification steps on the expression of cell surface markers on LDG by immunophenotyping them at different stages of isolation. Results We identified 9 cell surface markers (CD16, CD32, CD89, CD62L, CD177, CD31, CD10, CXCR4 and CD172α) differentially expressed between LDG and NDG. Noteworthy, markers that distinguish the two subsets include receptors for the Fc part of IgG (CD16, CD32) and IgA (CD89). Importantly, we also highlighted that the purification procedure affects the expression of several cell surface markers (i.e.CD63, CD66b, …) which must be taken into account when characterizing LDG. Our work sheds new light on the properties of LDG in PLWH and provides an extensive characterization of this granulocyte subset in which Fc receptors are key discriminatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manon Souchard
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Élisa Reynaud
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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12
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Truthe S, Klassert TE, Schmelz S, Jonigk D, Blankenfeldt W, Slevogt H. Role of Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 in Inflammation and Pathogen-Associated Interactions. J Innate Immun 2024; 16:105-132. [PMID: 38232720 PMCID: PMC10866614 DOI: 10.1159/000535793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is known as a major receptor for oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) and plays a significant role in the genesis of atherosclerosis. Recent research has shown its involvement in cancer, ischemic stroke, and diabetes. LOX-1 is a C-type lectin receptor and is involved in the activation of immune cells and inflammatory processes. It may further interact with pathogens, suggesting a role in infections or the host's response. SUMMARY This review compiles the current knowledge of potential implications of LOX-1 in inflammatory processes and in host-pathogen interactions with a particular emphasis on its regulatory role in immune responses. Also discussed are genomic and structural variations found in LOX-1 homologs across different species as well as potential involvements of LOX-1 in inflammatory processes from the angle of different cell types and organ-specific interactions. KEY MESSAGES The results presented reveal both similar and different structures in human and murine LOX-1 and provide clues as to the possible origins of different modes of interaction. These descriptions raise concerns about the suitability, particularly of mouse models, that are often used in the analysis of its functionality in humans. Further research should also aim to better understand the mostly unknown binding and interaction mechanisms between LOX-1 and different pathogens. This pursuit will not only enhance our understanding of LOX-1 involvement in inflammatory processes but also identify potential targets for immunomodulatory approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Truthe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), BREATH, Hannover, Germany,
- Dynamics of Respiratory Infection Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany,
- Hannover Biomedical Research School (HRBS) and ZIB (Centre of Infection Biology), Braunschweig, Germany,
| | - Tilman E Klassert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), BREATH, Hannover, Germany
- Dynamics of Respiratory Infection Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmelz
- Department Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Medical University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Wulf Blankenfeldt
- Department Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hortense Slevogt
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), BREATH, Hannover, Germany
- Dynamics of Respiratory Infection Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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13
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Ng LG, Liu Z, Kwok I, Ginhoux F. Origin and Heterogeneity of Tissue Myeloid Cells: A Focus on GMP-Derived Monocytes and Neutrophils. Annu Rev Immunol 2023; 41:375-404. [PMID: 37126421 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-081022-113627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid cells are a significant proportion of leukocytes within tissues, comprising granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages. With the identification of various myeloid cells that perform separate but complementary functions during homeostasis and disease, our understanding of tissue myeloid cells has evolved significantly. Exciting findings from transcriptomics profiling and fate-mapping mouse models have facilitated the identification of their developmental origins, maturation, and tissue-specific specializations. This review highlights the current understanding of tissue myeloid cells and the contributing factors of functional heterogeneity to better comprehend the complex and dynamic immune interactions within the healthy or inflamed tissue. Specifically, we discuss the new understanding of the contributions of granulocyte-monocyte progenitor-derived phagocytes to tissue myeloid cell heterogeneity as well as the impact of niche-specific factors on monocyte and neutrophil phenotype and function. Lastly, we explore the developing paradigm of myeloid cell heterogeneity during inflammation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Guan Ng
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore; ,
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Immanuel Kwok
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore; ,
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore; ,
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
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14
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Liu W, Han F, Wan M, Yang XZ. Integrated bioinformatics analysis identifies shared immune changes between ischemic stroke and COVID 19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1102281. [PMID: 36969251 PMCID: PMC10030956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory disease, its neurological complications, such as ischemic stroke (IS), have aroused growing concerns and reports. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie IS and COVID-19 are not well understood. Therefore, we implemented transcriptomic analysis from eight GEO datasets consist of 1191 samples to detect common pathways and molecular biomarkers in IS and COVID-19 that help understand the linkage between them. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected for IS and COVID-19 separately for finding shared mechanisms and we found that immune-related pathways were outlined with statistical significance. JAK2, which was identified as a hub gene, was supposed to be a potential therapeutic gene targets during the immunological process of COVID-19 and IS. Besides, we found a decrease in the proportion of CD8+ T and T helper 2 cells in the peripheral circulation of both COVID and IS patients, and NCR3 expression was significantly correlated with this change. In conclusion, we demonstrated that transcriptomic analyses reported in this study could make a deeper understanding of the common mechanism and might be promising for effective therapeutic for IS and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Liu
- Eight-year program of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyao Wan
- Eight-year program of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Zhuang Yang
- Medical Research Center, State Key laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Zhuang Yang,
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15
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Silva MJA, Ribeiro LR, Gouveia MIM, Marcelino BDR, dos Santos CS, Lima KVB, Lima LNGC. Hyperinflammatory Response in COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Viruses 2023; 15:553. [PMID: 36851766 PMCID: PMC9962879 DOI: 10.3390/v15020553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a multisystemic disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The immunopathogenic conditions of the hyperinflammatory response that cause systemic inflammation are extremely linked to its severity. This research sought to review the immunopathological elements that contribute to its progression. This is a systematic review using the PUBMED, LILACS, MEDLINE, and SCIELO databases using articles between May 2020 and July 2022 with the following search terms in conjunction with "AND": "SARS-CoV-2"; "COVID-19"; "ARDS" and "Cytokine Storm". The quality appraisal and risk of bias were assessed by the JBI checklists and the Cochrane Collaboration's RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools, respectively, and the risk of bias for in vitro studies by a pre-defined standard in the literature. The search resulted in 39 articles. The main actors in this response denote SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins, cellular proteases, leukocytes, cytokines, and proteolytic cascades. The "cytokine storm" itself brings several complications to the host through cytokines such as IL-6 and chemokines (such as CCL2), which influence tissue inflammation through apoptosis and pyroptosis. The hyperinflammatory response causes several unfavorable outcomes in patients, and systemic inflammation caused largely by the dysregulation of the immune response should be controlled for their recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Jessé Abrahão Silva
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology and Health Surveillance (PPGEVS), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
- Bacteriology and Mycology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Layana Rufino Ribeiro
- Bacteriology and Mycology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz dos Reis Marcelino
- Graduate Program in Parasitic Biology in the Amazon (PPGBPA), University of Pará State (UEPA), Belém 66087-670, PA, Brazil
| | - Carolynne Silva dos Santos
- Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Pará (IFPA), Abaetetuba 68440-000, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa Lima
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology and Health Surveillance (PPGEVS), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
- Bacteriology and Mycology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
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16
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Dean LS, Devendra G, Jiyarom B, Subia N, Tallquist MD, Nerurkar VR, Chang SP, Chow DC, Shikuma CM, Park J. Phenotypic alteration of low-density granulocytes in people with pulmonary post-acute sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1076724. [PMID: 36591237 PMCID: PMC9797994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1076724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-density granulocytes (LDGs) are a distinct subset of neutrophils whose increased abundance is associated with the severity of COVID-19. However, the long-term effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on LDG levels and phenotypic alteration remain unexplored. Methods Using participants naïve to SARS-CoV-2 (NP), infected with SARS-CoV-2 with no residual symptoms (NRS), and infected with SARS-CoV-2 with chronic pulmonary symptoms (PPASC), we compared LDG levels and their phenotype by measuring the expression of markers for activation, maturation, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation using flow cytometry. Results The number of LDGs was elevated in PPASC compared to NP. Individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 (NRS and PPASC) demonstrated increased CD10+ and CD16hi subset counts of LDGs compared to NP group. Further characterization of LDGs demonstrated that LDGs from COVID-19 convalescents (PPASC and NRS) displayed increased markers of NET forming ability and aggregation with platelets compared to LDGs from NP, but no differences were observed between PPASC and NRS. Conclusions Our data from a small cohort study demonstrates that mature neutrophils with a heightened activation phenotype remain in circulation long after initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. Persistent elevation of markers for neutrophil activation and NET formation on LDGs, as well as an enhanced proclivity for platelet-neutrophil aggregation (PNA) formation in COVID-19 convalescent individuals may be associated with PPASC prognosis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan S Dean
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Gehan Devendra
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Boonyanudh Jiyarom
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Natalie Subia
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Michelle D Tallquist
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Vivek R Nerurkar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Sandra P Chang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Dominic C Chow
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Cecilia M Shikuma
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Juwon Park
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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17
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Georgakopoulou VE, Makrodimitri S, Triantafyllou M, Samara S, Voutsinas PM, Anastasopoulou A, Papageorgiou CV, Spandidos DA, Gkoufa A, Papalexis P, Xenou E, Chelidonis G, Sklapani P, Trakas N, Sipsas NV. Immature granulocytes: Innovative biomarker for SARS‑CoV‑2 infection. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:217. [PMID: 35551416 PMCID: PMC9175277 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immature granulocytes (IGs) include metamyelocytes, myelocytes and promyelocytes, and are the precursors of neutrophils. Increased IG counts found in peripheral blood indicate an enhanced bone marrow activity. In addition, IGs have been evaluated in numerous clinical conditions, such as severe acute pancreatitis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and infectious complications following open‑heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. Neutrophils are considered to play a crucial role in the host defense during bacterial and fungal infections, and are involved in the antiviral immune response. Numerous studies have reported the role of neutrophils in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) infection, concluding that the percentage of neutrophils may be a predictor of the severity of COVID‑19 infection. There has been limited research regarding the role of neutrophil precursors in viral infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The present thus aimed to evaluate the role of the IG count in patients hospitalized due to COVID‑19 infection. The patients were predominantly infected with the alpha variant and were all unvaccinated. The IG count was measured and was found to be associated with disease severity, with patient outcomes, with the duration of hospitalization and with the development of complications. The IG count was a significantly associated with the severity of COVID‑19 infection, with greater IG count values being detected in severe and critical cases. In addition, greater IG count values were associated with a longer duration of hospitalization. Furthermore, the IG count was found to be an independent prognostic biomarker of intubation and mortality in patients with COVID‑19, according to multivariate logistic regression analysis, including age, the male sex and the presence of comorbidities as confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sotiria Makrodimitri
- Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Triantafyllou
- Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatia Samara
- Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Pantazis M. Voutsinas
- Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Amalia Anastasopoulou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Gkoufa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Papalexis
- Unit of Endocrinology, First Department of Propedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Euthalia Xenou
- Laboratory of Hematology, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Pagona Sklapani
- Department of Cytology, Mitera Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Trakas
- Department of Biochemistry, Sismanogleio Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos V. Sipsas
- Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Identification of bronchoalveolar and blood immune-inflammatory biomarker signature associated with poor 28-day outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9502. [PMID: 35681070 PMCID: PMC9178326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The local immune-inflammatory response elicited by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is still poorly described, as well as the extent to which its characteristics may be associated with the outcome of critical Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this prospective monocenter study, all consecutive COVID-19 critically ill patients admitted from February to December 2020 and explored by fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were included. Biological assays, including digital ELISA cytokine profiling and targeted eicosanoid metabolomic analysis, were performed on paired blood and BAL fluid (BALF). Clinical outcome was assessed through the World Health Organization 10-point Clinical Progression Scale (WHO-CPS) at the 28th day (D28) following the admission to intensive care unit. A D28-WHO-CPS value higher than 5 defined a poor outcome. Seventy-six patients were included, 45 (59%) had a poor day-28 outcome. As compared to their counterparts, patients with D28-WHO-CPS > 5 exhibited a neutrophil-predominant bronchoalveolar phenotype, with a higher BALF neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, a blunted local type I interferon response, a decompartimentalized immune-inflammatory response illustrated by lower BALF/blood ratio of concentrations of IL-6 (1.68 [0.30-4.41] vs. 9.53 [2.56-19.1]; p = 0.001), IL-10, IL-5, IL-22 and IFN-γ, and a biological profile of vascular endothelial injury illustrated by a higher blood concentration of VEGF and higher blood and/or BALF concentrations of several vasoactive eicosanoids. In critically ill COVID-19 patients, we identified bronchoalveolar and blood immune-inflammatory biomarker signature associated with poor 28-day outcome.
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