1
|
Xian M, Ma Z, Zhan S, Shen L, Li T, Lin H, Huang M, Cai J, Hu T, Liang J, Liang S, Wang S. Network analysis of microbiome and metabolome to explore the mechanism of raw rhubarb in the protection against ischemic stroke via microbiota-gut-brain axis. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105969. [PMID: 38643860 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) has attracted worldwide attention due to the high mortality and disability rate. Raw rhubarb (RR) is a traditional medicinal plant and whole-food that has been used in China for its various pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent pharmacological research has shown the role of RR against IS, but its mechanism of action remains unclear, particularly in the context of the brain-gut axis. To address this gap in knowledge, the present study was conducted in the middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model with the aim of investigating the effects of RR on regulating the intestinal microbiota barrier and metabolism and thereby reducing inflammatory response so as to improve the IS. The results showed that pre-treatment of RR attenuated cerebral infarct area and inflammation response in MCAO rats. Furthermore, RR also improved intestinal barrier function, including the integrity and permeability of the intestinal barrier. Additionally, RR intervention significantly attenuated gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by ischemic stroke, especially the increased Firmicutes. Notably, the pseudo-germ-free (PGF) rats further demonstrated that the anti-stroke effect of RR might rely on intestinal microbiota. In addition, the UPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS-Based metabolomics revealed the disrupted metabolic profiles caused by MCAO/R, and a total of 11 differential metabolites were modulated by RR administration, especially bile acids. Further correlation analysis and network pharmacology analysis also demonstrated a strong association between specific bacteria, such as Firmicutes and bile acids. In conclusion, our work demonstrated that RR could effectively ameliorate ischemic stroke by modulating the microbiota and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Xian
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Germplasm Bank Management Center, Yunfu 527322, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zuqing Ma
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sikai Zhan
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ting Li
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huiting Lin
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mingmin Huang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiale Cai
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiaying Liang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shengwang Liang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Germplasm Bank Management Center, Yunfu 527322, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kokkorakis M, Muzurović E, Volčanšek Š, Chakhtoura M, Hill MA, Mikhailidis DP, Mantzoros CS. Steatotic Liver Disease: Pathophysiology and Emerging Pharmacotherapies. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:454-499. [PMID: 38697855 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.001087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Steatotic liver disease (SLD) displays a dynamic and complex disease phenotype. Consequently, the metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) therapeutic pipeline is expanding rapidly and in multiple directions. In parallel, noninvasive tools for diagnosing and monitoring responses to therapeutic interventions are being studied, and clinically feasible findings are being explored as primary outcomes in interventional trials. The realization that distinct subgroups exist under the umbrella of SLD should guide more precise and personalized treatment recommendations and facilitate advancements in pharmacotherapeutics. This review summarizes recent updates of pathophysiology-based nomenclature and outlines both effective pharmacotherapeutics and those in the pipeline for MASLD/MASH, detailing their mode of action and the current status of phase 2 and 3 clinical trials. Of the extensive arsenal of pharmacotherapeutics in the MASLD/MASH pipeline, several have been rejected, whereas other, mainly monotherapy options, have shown only marginal benefits and are now being tested as part of combination therapies, yet others are still in development as monotherapies. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved resmetirom, additional therapeutic approaches in development will ideally target MASH and fibrosis while improving cardiometabolic risk factors. Due to the urgent need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies and the potential availability of safety and tolerability data, repurposing existing and approved drugs is an appealing option. Finally, it is essential to highlight that SLD and, by extension, MASLD should be recognized and approached as a systemic disease affecting multiple organs, with the vigorous implementation of interdisciplinary and coordinated action plans. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Steatotic liver disease (SLD), including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, is the most prevalent chronic liver condition, affecting more than one-fourth of the global population. This review aims to provide the most recent information regarding SLD pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management according to the latest advancements in the guidelines and clinical trials. Collectively, it is hoped that the information provided furthers the understanding of the current state of SLD with direct clinical implications and stimulates research initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michail Kokkorakis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.K., C.S.M.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (M.K.); Endocrinology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro (E.M.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro (E.M.); Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Š.V.); Medical Faculty Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Š.V.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon (M.C.); Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.A.H.); Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.A.H.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom (D.P.M.); Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (D.P.M.); and Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (C.S.M.)
| | - Emir Muzurović
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.K., C.S.M.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (M.K.); Endocrinology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro (E.M.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro (E.M.); Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Š.V.); Medical Faculty Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Š.V.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon (M.C.); Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.A.H.); Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.A.H.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom (D.P.M.); Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (D.P.M.); and Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (C.S.M.)
| | - Špela Volčanšek
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.K., C.S.M.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (M.K.); Endocrinology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro (E.M.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro (E.M.); Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Š.V.); Medical Faculty Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Š.V.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon (M.C.); Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.A.H.); Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.A.H.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom (D.P.M.); Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (D.P.M.); and Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (C.S.M.)
| | - Marlene Chakhtoura
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.K., C.S.M.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (M.K.); Endocrinology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro (E.M.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro (E.M.); Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Š.V.); Medical Faculty Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Š.V.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon (M.C.); Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.A.H.); Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.A.H.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom (D.P.M.); Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (D.P.M.); and Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (C.S.M.)
| | - Michael A Hill
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.K., C.S.M.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (M.K.); Endocrinology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro (E.M.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro (E.M.); Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Š.V.); Medical Faculty Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Š.V.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon (M.C.); Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.A.H.); Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.A.H.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom (D.P.M.); Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (D.P.M.); and Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (C.S.M.)
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.K., C.S.M.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (M.K.); Endocrinology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro (E.M.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro (E.M.); Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Š.V.); Medical Faculty Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Š.V.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon (M.C.); Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.A.H.); Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.A.H.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom (D.P.M.); Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (D.P.M.); and Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (C.S.M.)
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M.K., C.S.M.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (M.K.); Endocrinology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro (E.M.); Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro (E.M.); Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Š.V.); Medical Faculty Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Š.V.); Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon (M.C.); Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.A.H.); Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (M.A.H.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom (D.P.M.); Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (D.P.M.); and Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (C.S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsugawa H, Ishihara T, Ogasa K, Iwanami S, Hori A, Takahashi M, Yamada Y, Satoh-Takayama N, Ohno H, Minoda A, Arita M. A lipidome landscape of aging in mice. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:709-726. [PMID: 38609525 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of aging is crucial for enhancing healthy longevity. We conducted untargeted lipidomics across 13 biological samples from mice at various life stages (2, 12, 19 and 24 months) to explore the potential link between aging and lipid metabolism, considering sex (male or female) and microbiome (specific pathogen-free or germ-free) dependencies. By analyzing 2,704 molecules from 109 lipid subclasses, we characterized common and tissue-specific lipidome alterations associated with aging. For example, the levels of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate containing polyunsaturated fatty acids increased in various organs during aging, whereas the levels of other phospholipids containing saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids decreased. In addition, we discovered age-dependent sulfonolipid accumulation, absent in germ-free mice, correlating with Alistipes abundance determined by 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. In the male kidney, glycolipids such as galactosylceramides, galabiosylceramides (Gal2Cer), trihexosylceramides (Hex3Cer), and mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerols were detected, with two lipid classes-Gal2Cer and Hex3Cer-being significantly enriched in aged mice. Integrated analysis of the kidney transcriptome revealed uridine diphosphate galactosyltransferase 8A (UGT8a), alkylglycerone phosphate synthase and fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase 1 as potential enzymes responsible for the male-specific glycolipid biosynthesis in vivo, which would be relevant to sex dependency in kidney diseases. Inhibiting UGT8 reduced the levels of these glycolipids and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the kidney. Our study provides a valuable resource for clarifying potential links between lipid metabolism and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsugawa
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
- Metabolome Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan.
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Ishihara
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Kota Ogasa
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seigo Iwanami
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Hori
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mikiko Takahashi
- Metabolome Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Metabolome Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoko Satoh-Takayama
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aki Minoda
- Laboratory for Cellular Epigenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Human Biology-Microbiome-Quantum Research Center (WPI-Bio2Q), Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pham HN, Pham L, Sato K. Navigating the liver landscape: upcoming pharmacotherapies for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:895-906. [PMID: 38813599 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2362263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a bile duct disorder characterized by ductular reaction, hepatic inflammation, and liver fibrosis. The pathogenesis of PSC is still undefined, and treatment options for patients are limited. Previous clinical trials evaluated drug candidates targeting various cellular functions and pathways, such as bile acid signaling and absorption, gut bacteria and permeability, and lipid metabolisms. However, most of phase III clinical trials for PSC were disappointing, except vancomycin therapy, and there are still no established medications for PSC with efficacy and safety confirmed by phase IV clinical trials. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the currently ongoing or completed clinical studies for PSC, which are phase II or further, and discusses therapeutic targets and strategies, limitations, and future directions and possibilities of PSC treatments. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov utilizing the combination of the searched term 'primary sclerosing cholangitis' with other keywords, such as 'clinical trials,' 'antibiotics,' or drug names. Clinical trials at phase II or further were included for consideration. EXPERT OPINION Only vancomycin demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in the phase III clinical trial. Other drug candidates showed futility or inconsistent results, and the search for novel PSC treatments is still ongoing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Nam Pham
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Linh Pham
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University - Central Texas, Killeen, TX, USA
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Morrison A, Elgendy B. Tailoring FXR Modulators for Intestinal Specificity: Recent Progress and Insights. Molecules 2024; 29:2022. [PMID: 38731514 PMCID: PMC11085346 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
While FXR has shown promise in regulating bile acid synthesis and maintaining glucose and lipid homeostasis, undesired side effects have been observed in clinical trials. To address this issue, the development of intestinally restricted FXR modulators has gained attention as a new avenue for drug design with the potential for safer systematic effects. Our review examines all currently known intestinally restricted FXR ligands and provides insights into the steps taken to enhance intestinal selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Morrison
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Bahaa Elgendy
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Adorini L, Rigbolt K, Feigh M, Roth J, Erickson M. Increased hepatoprotective effects of the novel farnesoid X receptor agonist INT-787 versus obeticholic acid in a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300809. [PMID: 38662778 PMCID: PMC11045142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a master regulator of bile acid and metabolic homeostasis, is a key target for treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study compared efficacy of FXR agonists obeticholic acid (OCA) and INT-787 by liver histopathology, plasma biomarkers of liver damage, and hepatic gene expression profiles in the Amylin liver NASH (AMLN) diet-induced and biopsy-confirmed Lepob/ob mouse model of NASH. Lepob/ob mice were fed the AMLN diet for 12 weeks before liver biopsy and subsequent treatment with vehicle, OCA, or INT-787 for 8 weeks. Hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis (liver lipids, galectin-3, and collagen 1a1 [Col1a1], respectively), as well as plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels, were assessed. Hepatic gene expression was assessed in Lepob/ob mice that were fed the AMLN diet for 14 weeks then treated with vehicle, OCA, or INT-787 for 2 weeks. INT-787, which is equipotent to OCA but more hydrophilic, significantly reduced liver lipids, galectin-3, and Col1a1 compared with vehicle, and to a greater extent than OCA. INT-787 significantly reduced plasma ALT and AST levels, whereas OCA did not. INT-787 modulated a substantially greater number of genes associated with FXR signaling, lipid metabolism, and stellate cell activation relative to OCA in hepatic tissue. These findings demonstrate greater efficacy of INT-787 treatment compared with OCA in improving liver histopathology, decreasing liver enzyme levels, and enhancing gene regulation, suggesting superior clinical potential of INT-787 for the treatment of NASH and other chronic liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Adorini
- Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - Jonathan Roth
- Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Mary Erickson
- Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jia H, Dong N. Effects of bile acid metabolism on intestinal health of livestock and poultry. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38649786 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids are synthesised in the liver and are essential amphiphilic steroids for maintaining the balance of cholesterol and energy metabolism in livestock and poultry. They can be used as novel feed additives to promote fat utilisation in the diet and the absorption of fat-soluble substances in the feed to improve livestock performance and enhance carcass quality. With the development of understanding of intestinal health, the balance of bile acid metabolism is closely related to the composition and growth of livestock intestinal microbiota, inflammatory response, and metabolic diseases. This paper systematically reviews the effects of bile acid metabolism on gut health and gut microbiology in livestock. In addition, our paper summarised the role of bile acid metabolism in performance and disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongpeng Jia
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Na Dong
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Loerch C, Szepanowski LP, Reiss J, Adjaye J, Graffmann N. Forskolin induces FXR expression and enhances maturation of iPSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1383928. [PMID: 38694820 PMCID: PMC11061433 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1383928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The generation of iPSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) is a powerful tool for studying liver diseases, their therapy as well as drug development. iPSC-derived disease models benefit from their diverse origin of patients, enabling the study of disease-associated mutations and, when considering more than one iPSC line to reflect a more diverse genetic background compared to immortalized cell lines. Unfortunately, the use of iPSC-derived HLCs is limited due to their lack of maturity and a rather fetal phenotype. Commercial kits and complicated 3D-protocols are cost- and time-intensive and hardly useable for smaller working groups. In this study, we optimized our previously published protocol by fine-tuning the initial cell number, exchanging antibiotics and basal medium composition and introducing the small molecule forskolin during the HLC maturation step. We thereby contribute to the liver research field by providing a simple, cost- and time-effective 2D differentiation protocol. We generate functional HLCs with significantly increased HLC hallmark gene (ALB, HNF4α, and CYP3A4) and protein (ALB) expression, as well as significantly elevated inducible CYP3A4 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Loerch
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leon-Phillip Szepanowski
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- IUF – Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Reiss
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- University College London, EGA Institute for Women`s Health- Zayed Center for Research Into Rare Diseases in Children (ZGR), London, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Graffmann
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Weerawatanakorn M, Kamchonemenukool S, Koh YC, Pan MH. Exploring Phytochemical Mechanisms in the Prevention of Cholesterol Dysregulation: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6833-6849. [PMID: 38517334 PMCID: PMC11018292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Although cholesterol plays a key role in many physiological processes, its dysregulation can lead to several metabolic diseases. Statins are a group of drugs widely used to lower cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk but may lead to several side effects in some patients. Therefore, the development of a plant-based therapeutic adjuvant with cholesterol-lowering activity is desirable. The maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis encompasses multiple steps, including biosynthesis and metabolism, uptake and transport, and bile acid metabolism; issues arising in any of these processes could contribute to the etiology of cholesterol-related diseases. An increasing body of evidence strongly indicates the benefits of phytochemicals for cholesterol regulation; traditional Chinese medicines prove beneficial in some disease models, although more scientific investigations are needed to confirm their effectiveness. One of the main functions of cholesterol is bile acid biosynthesis, where most bile acids are recycled back to the liver. The composition of bile acid is partly modulated by gut microbes and could be harmful to the liver. In this regard, the reshaping effect of phytochemicals on gut microbiota has been widely reported in the literature for its significance. Therefore, we reviewed studies conducted over the past 5 years elucidating the regulatory effects of phytochemicals or herbal medicines on cholesterol metabolism. In addition, their effects on the recomposition of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism due to modulation are discussed. This review aims to provide novel insights into the treatment of cholesterol dysregulation and the anticipated development of natural-based compounds in the near and far future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monthana Weerawatanakorn
- Department
of Agro-Industry, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Thapho, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Centre
of Excellence in Fats and Oils, Naresuan
University Science Park, 99 M 9, Thapho, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Sudthida Kamchonemenukool
- Department
of Agro-Industry, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Thapho, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Yen-Chun Koh
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan
- Department
of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia
University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Joseph SC, Eugin Simon S, Bohm MS, Kim M, Pye ME, Simmons BW, Graves DG, Thomas-Gooch SM, Tanveer UA, Holt JR, Ponnusamy S, Sipe LM, Hayes DN, Cook KL, Narayanan R, Pierre JF, Makowski L. FXR Agonism with Bile Acid Mimetic Reduces Pre-Clinical Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Burden. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1368. [PMID: 38611046 PMCID: PMC11011133 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is associated with improved outcomes for several cancers, including breast cancer (BC), although the mechanisms mediating this protection are unknown. We hypothesized that elevated bile acid pools detected after bariatric surgery may be factors that contribute to improved BC outcomes. Patients with greater expression of the bile acid receptor FXR displayed improved survival in specific aggressive BC subtypes. FXR is a nuclear hormone receptor activated by primary bile acids. Therefore, we posited that activating FXR using an established FDA-approved agonist would induce anticancer effects. Using in vivo and in vitro approaches, we determined the anti-tumor potential of bile acid receptor agonism. Indeed, FXR agonism by the bile acid mimetic known commercially as Ocaliva ("OCA"), or Obeticholic acid (INT-747), significantly reduced BC progression and overall tumor burden in a pre-clinical model. The transcriptomic analysis of tumors in mice subjected to OCA treatment revealed differential gene expression patterns compared to vehicle controls. Notably, there was a significant down-regulation of the oncogenic transcription factor MAX (MYC-associated factor X), which interacts with the oncogene MYC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) further demonstrated a statistically significant downregulation of the Hallmark MYC-related gene set (MYC Target V1) following OCA treatment. In human and murine BC analyses in vitro, agonism of FXR significantly and dose-dependently inhibited proliferation, migration, and viability. In contrast, the synthetic agonism of another common bile acid receptor, the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 (GPBAR1) which is mainly activated by secondary bile acids, failed to significantly alter cancer cell dynamics. In conclusion, agonism of FXR by primary bile acid memetic OCA yields potent anti-tumor effects potentially through inhibition of proliferation and migration and reduced cell viability. These findings suggest that FXR is a tumor suppressor gene with a high potential for use in personalized therapeutic strategies for individuals with BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney C. Joseph
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Samson Eugin Simon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Margaret S. Bohm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Madeline E. Pye
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Boston W. Simmons
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Dillon G. Graves
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Stacey M. Thomas-Gooch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ubaid A. Tanveer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jeremiah R. Holt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Suriyan Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Laura M. Sipe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Mary Washinton, Fredericksburg, VI 22401, USA
| | - D. Neil Hayes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Katherine L. Cook
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Ramesh Narayanan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Luqman A, He M, Hassan A, Ullah M, Zhang L, Rashid Khan M, Din AU, Ullah K, Wang W, Wang G. Mood and microbes: a comprehensive review of intestinal microbiota's impact on depression. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1295766. [PMID: 38404464 PMCID: PMC10884216 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1295766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is considered a multifaceted and intricate mental disorder of growing concern due to its significant impact on global health issues. The human gut microbiota, also known as the "second brain," has an important role in the CNS by regulating it through chemical, immunological, hormonal, and neurological processes. Various studies have found a significant bidirectional link between the brain and the gut, emphasizing the onset of depression therapies. The biological and molecular processes underlying depression and microbiota are required, as the bidirectional association may represent a novel study. However, profound insights into the stratification and diversity of the gut microbiota are still uncommon. This article investigates the emerging evidence of a bacterial relationship between the gut and the brain's neurological system and its potential pathogenicity and relevance. The interplay of microbiota, immune system, nervous system neurotransmitter synthesis, and neuroplasticity transitions is also widely studied. The consequences of stress, dietary fibers, probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics on the GB axis are being studied. Multiple studies revealed the processes underlying this axis and led to the development of effective microbiota-based drugs for both prevention and treatment. Therefore, the results support the hypothesis that gut microbiota influences depression and provide a promising area of research for an improved knowledge of the etiology of the disease and future therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Luqman
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implant, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei He
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Adil Hassan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implant, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Mehtab Ullah
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implant, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implant, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Kamran Ullah
- Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Wei Wang
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implant, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sevela S, Meisnerova E, Vecka M, Vavrova L, Rychlikova J, Lenicek M, Vitek L, Novakova O, Novak F. High Dose Fish Oil Added to Various Lipid Emulsions Normalizes Superoxide Dismutase 1 Activity in Home Parenteral Nutrition Patients. Nutrients 2024; 16:485. [PMID: 38398809 PMCID: PMC10891535 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Objectives: Intestinal failure in home parenteral nutrition patients (HPNPs) results in oxidative stress and liver damage. This study investigated how a high dose of fish oil (FO) added to various lipid emulsions influences antioxidant status and liver function markers in HPNPs. (2) Methods: Twelve HPNPs receiving Smoflipid for at least 3 months were given FO (Omegaven) for a further 4 weeks. Then, the patients were randomized to subsequently receive Lipoplus and ClinOleic for 6 weeks or vice versa plus 4 weeks of Omegaven after each cycle in a crossover design. Twelve age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included. (3) Results: Superoxide dismutase (SOD1) activity and oxidized-low-density lipoprotein concentration were higher in all baseline HPN regimens compared to HCs. The Omegaven lowered SOD1 compared to baseline regimens and thus normalized it toward HCs. Lower paraoxonase 1 activity and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) concentration and, on the converse, higher alkaline phosphatase activity and cholesten concentration were observed in all baseline regimens compared to HCs. A close correlation was observed between FGF19 and SOD1 in baseline regimens. (4) Conclusions: An escalated dose of FO normalized SOD1 activity in HPNPs toward that of HCs. Bile acid metabolism was altered in HPNPs without signs of significant cholestasis and not affected by Omegaven.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Sevela
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (E.M.); (M.V.); (L.V.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Eva Meisnerova
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (E.M.); (M.V.); (L.V.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Marek Vecka
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (E.M.); (M.V.); (L.V.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Lucie Vavrova
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (E.M.); (M.V.); (L.V.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Jana Rychlikova
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (E.M.); (M.V.); (L.V.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Martin Lenicek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Libor Vitek
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (E.M.); (M.V.); (L.V.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Olga Novakova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Novak
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (E.M.); (M.V.); (L.V.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu Cai Lim M, Kiat Ho H. Pharmacological modulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) as a therapeutic strategy for hypercholesterolemia. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115985. [PMID: 38154545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of many therapeutic options, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia remains high. There exists a significant unmet medical need for novel drugs and/or treatment combinations to effectively combat hypercholesterolemia while minimizing adverse reactions. The modulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) expression via perturbation of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) - dependent pathways, primarily FXR/small heterodimer partner (SHP) and FXR/ fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19/ fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-4 pathways, presents as a potential option to lower cholesterol levels. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the important role that CYP7A1 plays in cholesterol homeostasis and how its expression can be exploited to assert differential control of bile acid synthesis and cholesterol metabolism. Additionally, the paper also summarizes the current therapeutic options for hypercholesterolemia, and positions modulators of CYP7A1 expression, namely FGFR4 inhibitors and FXR antagonists, as emerging and distinct pharmacological agents to complement and diversify the treatment regime. Their mechanistic and clinical considerations are also extensively described to interrogate the benefits and risks associated with using FXR-mediating agents, either singularly or in combination with recognised agents such as statins to target hypercholesterolemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Yu Cai Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Han Kiat Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Guerrero L, Carmona-Rodríguez L, Santos FM, Ciordia S, Stark L, Hierro L, Pérez-Montero P, Vicent D, Corrales FJ. Molecular basis of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis 3. A proteomics study. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38284625 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3) is a severe rare liver disease that affects between 1/50,000 and 1/100,000 children. In physiological conditions, bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, and then it flows to the small intestine to play its role in fat digestion. To prevent tissue damage, bile acids (BAs) are kept in phospholipid micelles. Mutations in phosphatidyl choline transporter ABCB4 (MDR3) lead to intrahepatic accumulation of free BAs that result in liver damage. PFIC3 onset usually occurs at early ages, progresses rapidly, and the prognosis is poor. Currently, besides the palliative use of ursodeoxycholate, the only available treatment for this disease is liver transplantation, which is really challenging for short-aged patients. To gain insight into the pathogenesis of PFIC3 we have performed an integrated proteomics and phosphoproteomics study in human liver samples to then validate the emerging functional hypotheses in a PFIC3 murine model. We identified 6246 protein groups, 324 proteins among them showing differential expression between control and PFIC3. The phosphoproteomic analysis allowed the identification of 5090 phosphopeptides, from which 215 corresponding to 157 protein groups, were differentially phosphorylated in PFIC3, including MDR3. Regulation of essential cellular processes and structures, such as inflammation, metabolic reprogramming, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix remodeling, and cell proliferation, were identified as the main drivers of the disease. Our results provide a strong molecular background that significantly contributes to a better understanding of PFIC3 and provides new concepts that might prove useful in the clinical management of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Guerrero
- Functional Proteomics Labortory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fátima Milhano Santos
- Functional Proteomics Labortory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Functional Proteomics Labortory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luiz Stark
- IdiPAZ, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria [Health Research Institute] of Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Loreto Hierro
- IdiPAZ, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria [Health Research Institute] of Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Pérez-Montero
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Vicent
- IdiPAZ, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria [Health Research Institute] of Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando J Corrales
- Functional Proteomics Labortory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Atshan DA, Zalzala MH. Papaverine attenuates the progression of alpha naphthylisothiocyanate induce cholestasis in rats. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 6:100177. [PMID: 38322817 PMCID: PMC10844674 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2024.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis is a hepatobiliary condition that manifests as acute or chronic and results from disruptions in the bile flow, formation, or secretion processes. The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a vital target for the therapy of cholestasis since it regulates BA homeostasis. Despite the discovery of multiple active FXR agonists, there are still no effective treatments for cholestasis. Papaverine is identified as an FXR agonist.This study investigates papaverine's efficacy and probable mechanism in protecting against alpha naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) induced cholestasis. Thirty male albino rats were divided into three groups, each with ten rats. Group I (control) rats were administered 1 mL/kg corn oil 48 h before sacrifice; group II rats were orally administered 100 mg/kg ANIT. Group III received a 200 mg/kg dosage of papaverine over seven consecutive days. A single dose of ANIT at a concentration of 100 mg/kg was orally administered on the fifth day; group II and III animals were euthanized 48 h after inducing cholestasis, and serum concentrations of liver function tests and total bile acid (TBA) were measured. Besides measuring the inflammatory mediator's tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 (IL-1β), antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were also assessed. The findings indicated the enhancement in the liver function test and total bile acids, as well as in liver histology; papaverine significantly lowered TNF-α and IL-1β while SOD and GSH significantly increased. Additionally, papaverine upregulates Fxr gene expression, bile salt export pump (Besp), small heterodimer partner (shp), hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (Hnfα), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), heme oxygenase (Ho-1), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1). Furthermore, papaverine increased protein expressions of Sirtuin1. (SIRT 1), FXR, HO-1, and BSEP levels in the rats' livers. The protective effects of papaverine may be attributed to the activation of FXR signaling pathways. These findings revealed that papaverine protects against ANIT-induced Cholestasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Adnan Atshan
- Ministry Of Health And Environment, Alnuman Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Munaf Hashim Zalzala
- University of Baghdad, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Baghdad, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ma Y, Cao Y, Song X, Min C, Man Z, Li Z. BART: A transferable liquid chromatography retention time library for bile acids. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1715:464602. [PMID: 38159405 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Identification of unknown bile acids, especially the distinguishment between isomers, requires retention times of a large number of reference standards, which are often not commercially available. Meanwhile, published retention information cannot be directly transferred across labs due to the differences between liquid chromatography (LC) systems, such as different extra column volume and dwell volume. To improve this situation, a transferrable retention time library for bile acids named BART was developed. BART was composed of isocratic retention models of 272 bile acids and a software tool to predict their gradient retention times on various LC systems. The isocratic retention times of bile acids were acquired on a Waters BEH C18 column with mobile phases of acidic ammonium acetate buffer and acetonitrile, and fit to the quadratic solvent strength model (QSSM). Segmented linear gradient retention times were calculated with holdup time (t0), dwell time (tD) and actual gradient profile corrected using 21 bile acid calibration standards. In addition to the reference system where the isocratic retention times were acquired, this approach has been validated on four other LC-MS systems in four labs with two gradient methods. Average root mean square errors (RMSE) between predicted and experimental retention times were 0.052 and 0.054 min for the two gradients tested, which were 9-fold more accurate than referring to a static retention time library. The library is freely available at https://bafinder.github.io/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yang Cao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaocui Song
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chunyan Min
- Suzhou Institute for Drug Control, Suzhou 215104, China
| | - Zhuo Man
- SCIEX China, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gurung B, Stricklin M, Wang S. Gut Microbiota-Gut Metabolites and Clostridioides difficile Infection: Approaching Sustainable Solutions for Therapy. Metabolites 2024; 14:74. [PMID: 38276309 PMCID: PMC10819375 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) is the most common hospital-acquired infection. With the combination of a high rate of antibiotic resistance and recurrence, it has proven to be a debilitating public health threat. Current treatments for CDI include antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, which contribute to recurrent CDIs and potential risks. Therefore, there is an ongoing need to develop new preventative treatment strategies for CDI. Notably, gut microbiota dysbiosis is the primary risk factor for CDI and provides a promising target for developing novel CDI therapy approaches. Along with gut microbiota dysbiosis, a reduction in important gut metabolites like secondary bile acids and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were also seen in patients suffering from CDI. In this review study, we investigated the roles and mechanisms of gut microbiota and gut microbiota-derived gut metabolites, especially secondary bile acids and SCFAs in CDI pathogenesis. Moreover, specific signatures of gut microbiota and gut metabolites, as well as different factors that can modulate the gut microbiota, were also discussed, indicating that gut microbiota modulators like probiotics and prebiotics can be a potential therapeutic strategy for CDI as they can help restore gut microbiota and produce gut metabolites necessary for a healthy gut. The understanding of the associations between gut microbiota-gut metabolites and CDI will allow for developing precise and sustainable approaches, distinct from antibiotics and fecal transplant, for mitigating CDI and other gut microbiota dysbiosis-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Gurung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (B.G.); (M.S.)
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Interdisciplinary Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Maranda Stricklin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (B.G.); (M.S.)
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (B.G.); (M.S.)
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Meshanni JA, Lee JM, Vayas KN, Sun R, Jiang C, Guo GL, Gow AJ, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Suppression of Lung Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fibrosis following Nitrogen Mustard Exposure by the Selective Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist Obeticholic Acid. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:586-595. [PMID: 37188530 PMCID: PMC10801770 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen mustard (NM) is a cytotoxic vesicant known to cause pulmonary injury that can progress to fibrosis. NM toxicity is associated with an influx of inflammatory macrophages in the lung. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor involved in bile acid and lipid homeostasis that has anti-inflammatory activity. In these studies, we analyzed the effects of FXR activation on lung injury, oxidative stress, and fibrosis induced by NM. Male Wistar rats were exposed to phosphate-buffered saline (vehicle control) or NM (0.125 mg/kg) by intratracheal Penncentury-MicroSprayer aerosolization; this was followed by treatment with the FXR synthetic agonist, obeticholic acid (OCA, 15 mg/kg), or vehicle control (0.13-0.18 g peanut butter) 2 hours later and then once per day, 5 days per week thereafter for 28 days. NM caused histopathological changes in the lung, including epithelial thickening, alveolar circularization, and pulmonary edema. Picrosirius red staining and lung hydroxyproline content were increased, indicative of fibrosis; foamy lipid-laden macrophages were also identified in the lung. This was associated with aberrations in pulmonary function, including increases in resistance and hysteresis. Following NM exposure, lung expression of HO-1 and iNOS, and the ratio of nitrates/nitrites in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), markers of oxidative stress increased, along with BAL levels of inflammatory proteins, fibrinogen, and sRAGE. Administration of OCA attenuated NM-induced histopathology, oxidative stress, inflammation, and altered lung function. These findings demonstrate that FXR plays a role in limiting NM-induced lung injury and chronic disease, suggesting that activating FXR may represent an effective approach to limiting NM-induced toxicity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In this study, the role of farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) in mustard vesicant-induced pulmonary toxicity was analyzed using nitrogen mustard (NM) as a model. This study's findings that administration of obeticholic acid, an FXR agonist, to rats reduces NM-induced pulmonary injury, oxidative stress, and fibrosis provide novel mechanistic insights into vesicant toxicity, which may be useful in the development of efficacious therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaclynn A Meshanni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.A.M., J.M.L., K.N.V., R.S., C.J., G.L.G., A.J.G., D.L.L.) and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health (J.D.L.), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jordan M Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.A.M., J.M.L., K.N.V., R.S., C.J., G.L.G., A.J.G., D.L.L.) and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health (J.D.L.), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Kinal N Vayas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.A.M., J.M.L., K.N.V., R.S., C.J., G.L.G., A.J.G., D.L.L.) and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health (J.D.L.), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Rachel Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.A.M., J.M.L., K.N.V., R.S., C.J., G.L.G., A.J.G., D.L.L.) and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health (J.D.L.), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Chenghui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.A.M., J.M.L., K.N.V., R.S., C.J., G.L.G., A.J.G., D.L.L.) and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health (J.D.L.), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Grace L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.A.M., J.M.L., K.N.V., R.S., C.J., G.L.G., A.J.G., D.L.L.) and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health (J.D.L.), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.A.M., J.M.L., K.N.V., R.S., C.J., G.L.G., A.J.G., D.L.L.) and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health (J.D.L.), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.A.M., J.M.L., K.N.V., R.S., C.J., G.L.G., A.J.G., D.L.L.) and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health (J.D.L.), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.A.M., J.M.L., K.N.V., R.S., C.J., G.L.G., A.J.G., D.L.L.) and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health (J.D.L.), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Burchat N, Vidola J, Pfreundschuh S, Sharma P, Rizzolo D, Guo GL, Sampath H. Intestinal stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 regulates energy balance via alterations in bile acid homeostasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.12.575400. [PMID: 38260602 PMCID: PMC10802577 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.12.575400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) converts saturated fatty acids into monounsaturated fatty acids and plays an important regulatory role in lipid metabolism. Previous studies have demonstrated that mice deficient in SCD1 are protected from diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis due to altered lipid esterification and increased energy expenditure. Previous studies in our lab have shown that intestinal SCD1 modulates intestinal and plasma lipids and alters cholesterol metabolism. Here we investigated a novel role for intestinal SCD1 in the regulation of systemic energy balance. Methods To interrogate the role of intestinal SCD1 in modulating whole body metabolism, intestine-specific Scd1 knockout (iKO) mice were maintained on standard chow diet or challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD). Studies included analyses of bile acid content and composition, metabolic phenotyping including body composition, indirect calorimetry, glucose tolerance analyses, and assessment of bile acid signaling pathways. Results iKO mice displayed elevated plasma and hepatic bile acid content and decreased fecal bile acid excretion, associated with increased expression of the ileal bile acid uptake transporter, Asbt . These increases were associated with increased expression of TGR5 targets, including Dio2 in brown adipose tissue and elevated plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 levels. Upon HFD challenge, iKO mice had reduced metabolic efficiency apparent through decreased weight gain despite higher food intake. Concomitantly, energy expenditure was increased, and glucose tolerance was improved in HFD-fed iKO mice. Conclusion Our results indicate that deletion of intestinal SCD1 has significant impacts on bile acid metabolism and whole-body energy balance, likely via activation of TGR5.
Collapse
|
20
|
Indolfo NDC, Ganzerla MD, Doratioto TR, Avelino TM, Tofani LB, Peroni LA, Rabelo RS, Arroteia KF, Figueira ACM. Combining a microphysiological system of three organ equivalents and transcriptomics to assess toxicological endpoints for cosmetic ingredients. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:5092-5106. [PMID: 37921576 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00546a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Animal testing for cosmetic ingredients and final products has been banned in Europe and is gaining legal force worldwide. However, the need for reliable testing methodologies remains for safety assessment of cosmetic ingredients. While new approach methodologies exist for many toxicological endpoints, some complex ones lack appropriate testing methods. Microphysiological systems (MPSs) have emerged as a promising tool to address this gap in pre-clinical testing, offering higher predictivity compared to animal models due to the phylogenetic distance between humans and animals. Moreover, they provide a more physiological approach than traditional in vitro testing by mimicking interconnections between different culture compartments as seen in complex organisms. This study presents a three-organ microfluidic MPS comprising skin, liver, and intestine equivalents. Combining this model with gene expression analysis, we evaluated toxicological endpoints of chemicals, demonstrating its potential for diverse applications. Our findings highlight the MPS model as a reliable and ethical method to be applied in an integrated approach for safety assessment in the cosmetic industry. It offers a promising strategy to evaluate toxicological endpoints for cosmetic ingredients and other chemicals, supporting the elimination of animal testing while ensuring consumer safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia de Carvalho Indolfo
- Natura Cosméticos S.A., Cajamar, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Melissa Dibbernn Ganzerla
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Morphofunctional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil.
| | | | - Thayná Mendonça Avelino
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Bueno Tofani
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Luis Antonio Peroni
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Renata Santos Rabelo
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Georgieva M, Xenodochidis C, Krasteva N. Old age as a risk factor for liver diseases: Modern therapeutic approaches. Exp Gerontol 2023; 184:112334. [PMID: 37977514 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent scientific interest has been directed towards age-related diseases, driven by the significant increase in global life expectancy and the growing population of individuals aged 65 and above. The ageing process encompasses various biological, physiological, environmental, psychological, behavioural, and social changes, leading to an augmented susceptibility to chronic illnesses. Cardiovascular, neurological, musculoskeletal, liver and oncological diseases are prevalent in the elderly. Moreover, ageing individuals demonstrate reduced regenerative capacity and decreased tolerance towards therapeutic interventions, including organ transplantation. Liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, have emerged as significant public health concerns. Paradoxically, these conditions remain underestimated despite their substantial global impact. Age-related factors are closely associated with the severity and unfavorable prognosis of various liver diseases, warranting further investigation to enhance clinical management and develop novel therapeutic strategies. This comprehensive review focuses specifically on age-related liver diseases, their treatment strategies, and contemporary practices. It provides a detailed account of the global burden, types, molecular mechanisms, and epigenetic alterations underlying these liver pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Georgieva
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Acad. Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Charilaos Xenodochidis
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Natalia Krasteva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Axelrod CL, Langohr I, Dantas WS, Heintz EC, Vandanmagsar B, Yang S, Zunica ERM, Townsend RL, Albaugh VL, Berthoud HR, Kirwan JP. Weight-independent effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on remission of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2960-2971. [PMID: 37731222 PMCID: PMC10895705 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a driver of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and interventions that decrease body weight, such as bariatric surgery and/or calorie restriction (CR), may serve as effective therapies. This study compared the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) and CR on hepatic function in mice with obesity and NAFLD. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet to promote obesity. At 16 weeks of age, mice were randomized to sham surgery (sham), RYGB, or CR weight matched to RYGB (WM). Body weight/composition, food intake, and energy expenditure (EE) were measured throughout treatment. Liver histopathology was evaluated from H&E-stained sections. Hepatic enzymes and glycogen content were determined by ELISA. Transcriptional signatures were revealed via RNA sequencing. RESULTS RYGB reduced hepatic lipid content and adiposity while increasing EE and lean body mass relative to WM. Hepatic glycogen and bile acid content were increased after RYGB relative to sham and WM. RYGB activated enterohepatic signaling and genes regulating hepatic lipid homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS RYGB improved whole-body composition and hepatic lipid homeostasis to a greater extent than CR in mice. RYGB was associated with discrete remodeling of the hepatic transcriptome, suggesting that surgery may be mechanistically additive to CR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Axelrod
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ingeborg Langohr
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Wagner S Dantas
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Heintz
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bolormaa Vandanmagsar
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shengping Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth R M Zunica
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - R Leigh Townsend
- Neurobiology and Nutrition Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Translational and Integrative Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Research Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Vance L Albaugh
- Translational and Integrative Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Research Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Metamor Institute, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
- Neurobiology and Nutrition Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - John P Kirwan
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Azizsoltani A, Hatami B, Zali MR, Mahdavi V, Baghaei K, Alizadeh E. Obeticholic acid-loaded exosomes attenuate liver fibrosis through dual targeting of the FXR signaling pathway and ECM remodeling. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115777. [PMID: 37913732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
End-stage of liver fibrosis as a precancerous state could lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma which liver transplantation is the only effective treatment. Previous studies have indicated that farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, such as obeticholic acid (OCA) protect against hepatic injuries. However, free OCA administration results in side effects in clinical trials that could be alleviated by applying bio carriers such as MSC-derived exosomes (Exo) with the potential to mimic the biological regenerative effect of their parent cells, as proposed in this study. Loading OCA into the Exo was conducted via water bath sonication. Ex vivo bio distribution studies validated the Exo-loaded OCA more permanently accumulated in the liver. Using CCL4-induced liver fibrosis, we proposed whether Exo isolated from human Warton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells loaded with a minimal dosage of OCA can facilitate liver recovery. Notably, Exo-loaded OCA exerted additive anti-fibrotic efficacy on histopathological features in CCL4-induced fibrotic mice. Compared to baseline, Exo-mediated delivery OCA results in marked improvements in the fibrotic-related indicators as well as serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations. Accordingly, the synergistic impact of Exo-loaded OCA as a promising approach is associated with the inactivation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and Fxr-Cyp7a1 cascade on CCL4-induced liver fibrosis mice. In conclusion, our data confirmed the additive protective effects of Exo-loaded OCA in fibrotic mice, which suggests a valuable therapeutic strategy to combat liver fibrosis. Furthermore, the use of Exo for accurate drug delivery to the liver tissue can be inspiring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arezou Azizsoltani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Hatami
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Mahdavi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gilbert MC, Setayesh T, Wan YJY. The contributions of bacteria metabolites to the development of hepatic encephalopathy. LIVER RESEARCH 2023; 7:296-303. [PMID: 38221945 PMCID: PMC10786625 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over 20% of mortality during acute liver failure is associated with the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Thus, HE is a complication of acute liver failure with a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities ranging from subclinical alterations to coma. HE is caused by the diversion of portal blood into systemic circulation through portosystemic collateral vessels. Thus, the brain is exposed to intestinal-derived toxic substances. Moreover, the strategies to prevent advancement and improve the prognosis of such a liver-brain disease rely on intestinal microbial modulation. This is supported by the findings that antibiotics such as rifaximin and laxative lactulose can alleviate hepatic cirrhosis and/or prevent HE. Together, the significance of the gut-liver-brain axis in human health warrants attention. This review paper focuses on the roles of bacteria metabolites, mainly ammonia and bile acids (BAs) as well as BA receptors in HE. The literature search conducted for this review included searches for phrases such as BA receptors, BAs, ammonia, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1 or TGR5), sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), and cirrhosis in conjunction with the phrase hepatic encephalopathy and portosystemic encephalopathy. PubMed, as well as Google Scholar, was the search engines used to find relevant publications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Claire Gilbert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jayachandran M, Qu S. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and gut microbial dysbiosis- underlying mechanisms and gut microbiota mediated treatment strategies. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:1189-1204. [PMID: 37840104 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is by far the most prevalent form of liver disease worldwide. It's also the leading cause of liver-related hospitalizations and deaths. Furthermore, there is a link between obesity and NAFLD risk. A projected 25% of the world's population grieves from NAFLD, making it the most common chronic liver disorder. Several factors, such as obesity, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance, typically accompany NAFLD. Weight loss, lipid-lowering agents, thiazolidinediones, and metformin help prominently control NAFLD. Interestingly, pre-clinical studies demonstrate gut microbiota's potential causal role in NAFLD. Increased intestinal permeability and unhindered transport of microbial metabolites into the liver are the major disruptions due to gut microbiome dysbiosis, contributing to the development of NAFLD by dysregulating the gut-liver axis. Hence, altering the pathogenic bacterial population using probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could benefit patients with NAFLD. Therefore, it is crucial to acknowledge the importance of microbiota-mediated therapeutic approaches for NAFLD and comprehend the underlying mechanisms that establish a connection between NAFLD and gut microbiota. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the affiliation between dysbiosis of gut microbiota and the progress of NAFLD, as well as the potential benefits of prebiotic, probiotic, synbiotic supplementation, and FMT in obese individuals with NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumaran Jayachandran
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai center of Thyroid diseases, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sweed D, Holah NS, Karman E, Asaad N, Mahmoud S. Farnesoid X receptor in chronic liver diseases: an immunohistochemical study. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2023; 44:381-395. [PMID: 37665366 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2023.2242920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) related liver diseases are still an ongoing cause of hepatic failure despite the effective role of direct-acting anti-viral agents. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists have a potential therapeutic effect on the management of chronic liver diseases (CLD). However, data regarding FXR protein expression in human CLDs are limited and conflicting. We aimed to assess the immunohistochemical expression of FXR in HCV-related chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in comparison with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and normal liver tissue. The expression of FXR was low both in hepatocytes and bile ducts of HCV-related chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis (p = .001, respectively). In addition, a significantly low expression of FXR was observed in HCV-related hepatitis and cirrhosis groups compared to MAFLD in hepatocytes (p < .001, for both) and bile ducts (p = .004 and p = .018). FXR expression in HCV-related cirrhosis was significantly associated with compensated liver function (p = .032) and low inflammatory activity (p = .022). FXR expression decreases in HCV-related CLDs. There was some evidence that FXR expression could protect against post-hepatitis cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Sweed
- Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menofia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | - Nanis Shawky Holah
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menofia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | - Esraa Karman
- Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menofia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | - Nancy Asaad
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menofia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | - Shereen Mahmoud
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menofia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee H, Liu X, An JP, Wang Y. Identification of Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) from Orange Peel and Their Inhibitory Effects on the Formation of Trimethylamine (TMA) and Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) Using cntA/B and cutC/D Enzymes and Molecular Docking. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16114-16124. [PMID: 37851928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the inhibitory effects of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) on enzymes involved in the production of trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). PMFs were isolated from Valencia orange peel and identified using column separation and NMR techniques. The findings reveal that nobiletin and 3,6,7,8,2',5'-hexamethoxyflavone significantly suppress cntA/B and cutC/D, respectively. Furthermore, 3,6,7,8,2',5'-hexamethoxyflavone decreases the level of TMAO formation by suppressing the FMO3 mRNA level. This study elucidates that specific structural features of PMFs can contribute to their interactions with enzymes. Our study represents the first demonstration of the ability of PMFs to mitigate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by inhibiting enzymes responsible for TMA production, which are generated by gut microbiomes. Furthermore, we introduce a novel model system utilizing TMA-induced HepG2 cells to assess and compare the inhibitory effects of PMFs on TMAO production. These findings could pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic approaches to manage CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Jin-Pyo An
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang Y, Hsiao YC, Liu CW, Lu K. The Role of the Nuclear Receptor FXR in Arsenic-Induced Glucose Intolerance in Mice. TOXICS 2023; 11:833. [PMID: 37888683 PMCID: PMC10611046 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic in drinking water is prioritized as a top environmental contaminant by the World Health Organization, with over 230 million people potentially being exposed. Arsenic toxicity has been well documented and is associated with a plethora of human diseases, including diabetes, as established in numerous animal and epidemiological studies. Our previous study revealed that arsenic exposure leads to the inhibition of nuclear receptors, including LXR/RXR. To this end, FXR is a nuclear receptor central to glucose and lipid metabolism. However, limited studies are available for understanding arsenic exposure-FXR interactions. Herein, we report that FXR knockout mice developed more profound glucose intolerance than wild-type mice upon arsenic exposure, supporting the regulatory role of FXR in arsenic-induced glucose intolerance. We further exposed mice to arsenic and tested if GW4064, a FXR agonist, could improve glucose intolerance and dysregulation of hepatic proteins and serum metabolites. Our data showed arsenic-induced glucose intolerance was remarkably diminished by GW4064, accompanied by a significant ratio of alleviation of dysregulation in hepatic proteins (83%) and annotated serum metabolites (58%). In particular, hepatic proteins "rescued" from arsenic toxicity by GW4064 featured members of glucose and lipid utilization. For instance, the expression of PCK1, a candidate gene for diabetes and obesity that facilitates gluconeogenesis, was repressed under arsenic exposure in the liver, but revived with the GW4064 supplement. Together, our comprehensive dataset indicates FXR plays a key role and may serve as a potential therapeutic for arsenic-induced metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jin Y, Chi J, LoMonaco K, Boon A, Gu H. Recent Review on Selected Xenobiotics and Their Impacts on Gut Microbiome and Metabolome. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 166:117155. [PMID: 37484879 PMCID: PMC10361410 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
As it is well known, the gut is one of the primary sites in any host for xenobiotics, and the many microbial metabolites responsible for the interactions between the gut microbiome and the host. However, there is a growing concern about the negative impacts on human health induced by toxic xenobiotics. Metabolomics, broadly including lipidomics, is an emerging approach to studying thousands of metabolites in parallel. In this review, we summarized recent advancements in mass spectrometry (MS) technologies in metabolomics. In addition, we reviewed recent applications of MS-based metabolomics for the investigation of toxic effects of xenobiotics on microbial and host metabolism. It was demonstrated that metabolomics, gut microbiome profiling, and their combination have a high potential to identify metabolic and microbial markers of xenobiotic exposure and determine its mechanism. Further, there is increasing evidence supporting that reprogramming the gut microbiome could be a promising approach to the intervention of xenobiotic toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Jinhua Chi
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Kaelene LoMonaco
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Alexandria Boon
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Miao X, Luo P, Liu J, Wang J, Chen Y. Dihydromyricetin ameliorated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by regulating the composition of serous lipids, bile acids and ileal microflora. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:112. [PMID: 37533083 PMCID: PMC10394885 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a natural flavonoid with anti-nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) activity. However, the effects of DMY on the composition of lipids and bile acids (BAs) in serum, and gut microbiota (GM) in ileum of mice with NASH are not clear. METHODS After male C57BL/6 mice was fed with methionine and choline deficiency (MCD) diet and simultaneously administered with DMY (300 mg/kg/day) by gavage for 8 weeks, the pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by Oil Red O, hematoxylin eosin and Masson staining, the levels of serum alaninea minotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and liver triglyceride, malonic dialdehyde were detected by the detection kits, the composition and contents of serum lipids and BAs were detected by Liquid Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry, the mRNA levels of hepatic BAs homeostasis-related genes were detected by RT-qPCR, and microbiological diversity in ileum was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. RESULTS The results showed that the significant changes including 29 lipids, 4 BAs (23-nor-deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, 7-ketodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid), 2 BA transporters (Mrp2 and Oatp1b2) and 8 GMs between MCD and DMY groups. Among them, DMY treatment significantly down-regulated 21 lipids, 4 BAs mentioned above, the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota and the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae, Faecalibacuium, significantly up-regulated 8 lipids and 5 GMs (Verrucomicrobiota, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteria, Akkermansiaceae and Akkermansia). CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that DMY may alleviate MCD diet-induced NASH through decreasing the serum levels of toxic BAs which regulated by liver Oatp1b2 and Mrp2, regulating the metabolism of related lipids, and up-regulating intestinal probiotics (Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobiota at the phylum level; Akkermansiaceae at the family level; Akkermansiaat at the genus level) and inhibiting intestinal harmful bacteria (Firmicutes at the phylum level; Erysipelotrichaceae at the family level; Faecalibaculum at the genus level).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Miao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Ping Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Yong Chen
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu X, Wang J, Li M, Qiu J, Li X, Qi L, Liu J, Liu P, Xie G, Wang X. Farnesoid X receptor is an important target for the treatment of disorders of bile acid and fatty acid metabolism in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease combined with cholestasis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:1438-1446. [PMID: 37415275 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been rising globally. NAFLD patients combined with cholestasis have more obvious liver fibrosis, impaired bile acid (BA), and fatty acid (FA) metabolism and severer liver injury; however, its therapeutic options are limited, and the underlying metabolic mechanisms are understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) on BA and FA metabolism in NAFLD combined with cholestasis and related signaling pathways. METHODS A mouse model of NAFLD combined with cholestasis was established by joint intervention with high-fat diet (HFD) and alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate. The effects of FXR on BA and FA metabolism were evaluated by serum biochemical analysis. Liver damage was identified by histopathology. The expression of nuclear hormone receptor, membrane receptor, FA transmembrane transporter, and BA transporter protein in mice were measured by western blot. RESULTS NAFLD mice combined with cholestasis developed more severe cholestasis and dysregulated BA and FA metabolism. Meanwhile, the expression of FXR protein was decreased in NAFLD mice combined with cholestasis compared to the controls. Fxr-/- mice showed liver injury. HFD aggravated the liver injury with decreased BSEP expression, increased expression of NTCP, LXRα, SREBP-1c, FAS, ACC1, and CD36, and significantly increased BA and FA accumulation. CONCLUSION All the results suggested that FXR plays a key role in both FA and BA metabolism in NAFLD combined with cholestasis and thus may be a potential target for the treatment of disorders of BA and FA metabolism in NAFLD combined with cholestasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Liu
- Basic Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndrome, Institute of Interdisciplinary Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- Basic Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndrome, Institute of Interdisciplinary Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Maogang Li
- Human Metabolomics Institute, Inc., Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiannan Qiu
- Basic Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndrome, Institute of Interdisciplinary Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xingying Li
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Qi
- Basic Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndrome, Institute of Interdisciplinary Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Basic Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndrome, Institute of Interdisciplinary Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Basic Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndrome, Institute of Interdisciplinary Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- Human Metabolomics Institute, Inc., Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Basic Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndrome, Institute of Interdisciplinary Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang M, Wang H, Bukhari I, Zhao Y, Huang H, Yu Y, Sun X, Mi Y, Mei L, Zheng P. Effects of cholesterol-lowering probiotics on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in FXR gene knockout mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1121203. [PMID: 37545590 PMCID: PMC10397539 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1121203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aims Some studies showed that probiotics could improve the composition and structure of gut microbiota. Changes in the gut microbiota may alter bile acid (BAs) composition and kinetics, improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it still needs to be clarified how probiotics improve both the metabolism of BAs and NAFLD. This study aimed to reveal the regulatory mechanisms of cholesterol-lowering (CL) probiotics on NAFLD from aspects involved in BA metabolism in FXR gene knockout (FXR-/-) mice. Methods FXR-/- male mice were randomly divided into three groups based on different interventions for 16 weeks, including normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), and probiotic intervention in the HFD (HFD+P) group. 16s rDNA sequencing and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) were utilized to analyze the changes in gut microbiota and fecal bile acids in mice. Results We found that the intervention of the CL probiotics improved liver lipid deposition and function in HFD-induced NAFLD mice by decreasing the levels of total cholesterol (TC; p = 0.002) and triglyceride (TG; p = 0.001) in serum, as well as suppressing liver inflammation, such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β; p = 0.002) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α; p < 0.0001). 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomic analyses showed that probiotics effectively reduced the abundance of harmful gut microbiota, such as Firmicutes (p = 0.005), while concomitantly increasing the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota in NAFLD mice, such as Actinobacteriota (p = 0.378), to improve NAFLD. Compared with the ND group, consuming an HFD elevated the levels of total BAs (p = 0.0002), primary BAs (p = 0.017), and secondary BAs (p = 0.0001) in mice feces, while the intervention with probiotics significantly reduced the increase in the levels of fecal total bile acids (p = 0.013) and secondary bile acids (p = 0.017) induced by HFD. Conclusion The CL probiotics were found to improve liver function, restore microbiota balance, correct an abnormal change in the composition and content of fecal bile acids, and repair the damaged intestinal mucosal barrier in mice with NAFLD, ultimately ameliorating the condition. These results suggested that CL probiotics may be a promising and health-friendly treatment option for NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and GI Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haoyang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and GI Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ihtisham Bukhari
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and GI Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and GI Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and GI Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Mi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and GI Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori & Microbiota and GI Cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fotschki B, Sójka M, Kosmala M, Juśkiewicz J. Prebiotics Together with Raspberry Polyphenolic Extract Mitigate the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases in Zucker Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:3115. [PMID: 37513533 PMCID: PMC10385479 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that dietary supplementation with prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) and polyphenols could mitigate disorders related to the first stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by an obesogenic diet. Therefore, this experiment aimed to address whether the health-promoting potential of raspberry polyphenols together with FOSs can regulate advanced-stage NAFLD in Zucker rats genetically predisposed to develop obesity. The addition of FOSs and raspberry polyphenolic extract to the diet reduced liver fat accumulation and triglyceride, free fatty acid, and total cholesterol levels in the liver. The elevated GSH/GSSG ratio and reduced malondialdehyde content indicated that the liver antioxidant potential was considerably increased. The treatment also lowered the plasma aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities and collagen type IV levels. Insulin levels were decreased, but glucose levels remained constant, indicating greater insulin sensitivity. These changes may result from the upregulation of FXR and AHR receptors in the liver, which are responsible for regulating lipid metabolism and glucose and bile acid synthesis. The reduced bile acid levels in the cecal contents confirmed the activation of liver mechanisms. In conclusion, dietary enrichment with FOSs and raspberry polyphenolic extract has sufficient health-promoting potential to regulate liver metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation related to NAFLD development in obese Zucker rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Fotschki
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Michał Sójka
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Łódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Monika Kosmala
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Łódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gupta K. A modular analysis of bile canalicular function and its implications for cholestasis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G14-G22. [PMID: 37192193 PMCID: PMC10259850 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00165.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocytes produce bile components and secrete them into a lumen, known as a bile canaliculus, that is formed by the apical membranes of adjoining hepatocytes. Bile canaliculi merge to form tubular structures that subsequently connect to the canal of Hering and larger intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts formed by cholangiocytes, which modify bile and enable flow through the small intestine. The major functional requirements for bile canaliculi are the maintenance of canalicular shape to preserve the blood-bile barrier and regulation of bile flow. These functional requirements are mediated by functional modules, primarily transporters, the cytoskeleton, cell-cell junctions, and mechanosensing proteins. I propose here that bile canaliculi behave as robust machines whereby the functional modules act in a coordinated manner to perform the multistep task of maintaining canalicular shape and bile flow. Cholestasis, the general term for aberrant bile flow, stems from drug/toxin-induced or genetic dysregulation of one or more of the protein components in the functional modules. Here, I discuss the interactions between components of the various functional modules in bile canaliculi and describe how these functional modules regulate canalicular morphology and function. I use this framework to provide a perspective on recent studies of bile canalicular dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kapish Gupta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhu F, Zheng S, Zhao M, Shi F, Zheng L, Wang H. The regulatory role of bile acid microbiota in the progression of liver cirrhosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1214685. [PMID: 37416060 PMCID: PMC10320161 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1214685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are synthesized in liver tissue from cholesterol and are an important endocrine regulator and signaling molecule in the liver and intestine. It maintains BAs homeostasis, and the integrity of intestinal barrier function, and regulates enterohepatic circulation in vivo by modulating farnesoid X receptors (FXR) and membrane receptors. Cirrhosis and its associated complications can lead to changes in the composition of intestinal micro-ecosystem, resulting in dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. These changes may be related to the altered composition of BAs. The BAs transported to the intestinal cavity through the enterohepatic circulation are hydrolyzed and oxidized by intestinal microorganisms, resulting in changes in their physicochemical properties, which can also lead to dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota and overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, induction of inflammation, and damage to the intestinal barrier, thus aggravating the progression of cirrhosis. In this paper, we review the discussion of BAs synthesis pathway and signal transduction, the bidirectional regulation of bile acids and intestinal microbiota, and further explore the role of reduced total bile acid concentration and dysregulated intestinal microbiota ratio in the development of cirrhosis, in order to provide a new theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of cirrhosis and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shudan Zheng
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Fan Shi
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lihong Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Haiqiang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Xi L, Shi A, Shen T, Wang G, Wei Y, Guo J. Licraside as novel potent FXR agonist for relieving cholestasis: structure-based drug discovery and biological evaluation studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1197856. [PMID: 37397498 PMCID: PMC10309033 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1197856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis is a common clinical disease caused by a disorder in bile acids (BAs) homeostasis, which promotes its development. The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays a critical role in regulating BAs homeostasis, making it an essential target for cholestasis treatment. Although several active FXR agonists have been identified, effective drugs for cholestasis are still lacking. To address this, a molecular docking-based virtual screening method was used to identify potential FXR agonists. A hierarchical screening strategy was employed to improve the screening accuracy, and six compounds were selected for further evaluation. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to demonstrate FXR activation by the screened compounds, and their cytotoxicity was then evaluated. Among the compounds, licraside showed the best performance and was selected for in vivo evaluation using an ANIT-induced cholestasis animal model. Results demonstrated that licraside significantly reduced biliary TBA, serum ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, TBIL, and TBA levels. Liver histopathological analysis showed that licraside also had a therapeutic effect on ANIT-induced liver injury. Overall, these findings suggest that licraside is an FXR agonist with potential therapeutic effects on cholestasis. This study provides valuable insights into the development of novel lead compounds from traditional Chinese medicine for cholestasis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xi
- Office of Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Axi Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Shen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guoxu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Centre in Artificial Intelligence Driven Drug Discovery, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lipman D, Safo SE, Chekouo T. Integrative multi-omics approach for identifying molecular signatures and pathways and deriving and validating molecular scores for COVID-19 severity and status. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:319. [PMID: 37308820 PMCID: PMC10259816 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is still more to learn about the pathobiology of COVID-19. A multi-omic approach offers a holistic view to better understand the mechanisms of COVID-19. We used state-of-the-art statistical learning methods to integrate genomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and lipidomics data obtained from 123 patients experiencing COVID-19 or COVID-19-like symptoms for the purpose of identifying molecular signatures and corresponding pathways associated with the disease. RESULTS We constructed and validated molecular scores and evaluated their utility beyond clinical factors known to impact disease status and severity. We identified inflammation- and immune response-related pathways, and other pathways, providing insights into possible consequences of the disease. CONCLUSIONS The molecular scores we derived were strongly associated with disease status and severity and can be used to identify individuals at a higher risk for developing severe disease. These findings have the potential to provide further, and needed, insights into why certain individuals develop worse outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danika Lipman
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sandra E Safo
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Thierry Chekouo
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lvova MN, Ponomarev DV, Tarasenko AA, Kovner AV, Minkova GA, Tsyganov MA, Li M, Lou Y, Evseenko VI, Dushkin AV, Sorokina IV, Tolstikova TG, Mordvinov VA, Avgustinovich DF. Curcumin and Its Supramolecular Complex with Disodium Glycyrrhizinate as Potential Drugs for the Liver Fluke Infection Caused by Opisthorchis felineus. Pathogens 2023; 12:819. [PMID: 37375509 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Opisthorchiosis is a parasitic liver disease found in mammals that is widespread throughout the world and causes systemic inflammation. Praziquantel remains the drug of choice for the treatment of opisthorchiosis, despite its many adverse effects. An anthelmintic effect is attributed to the main curcuminoid of Curcuma longa L. roots-curcumin (Cur)-along with many other therapeutic properties. To overcome the poor solubility of curcumin in water, a micellar complex of curcumin with the disodium salt of glycyrrhizic acid (Cur:Na2GA, molar ratio 1:1) was prepared via solid-phase mechanical processing. In vitro experiments revealed a noticeable immobilizing effect of curcumin and of Cur:Na2GA on mature and juvenile Opisthorchis felineus individuals. In vivo experiments showed that curcumin (50 mg/kg) had an anthelmintic effect after 30 days of administration to O. felineus-infected hamsters, but the effect was weaker than that of a single administration of praziquantel (400 mg/kg). Cur:Na2GA (50 mg/kg, 30 days), which contains less free curcumin, did not exert this action. The complex, just as free curcumin or better, activated the expression of bile acid synthesis genes (Cyp7A1, Fxr, and Rxra), which was suppressed by O. felineus infection and by praziquantel. Curcumin reduced the rate of inflammatory infiltration, whereas Cur:Na2GA reduced periductal fibrosis. Immunohistochemically, a decrease in liver inflammation markers was found, which is determined by calculating the numbers of tumor-necrosis-factor-positive cells during the curcumin treatment and of kynurenine-3-monooxygenase-positive cells during the Cur:Na2GA treatment. A biochemical blood test revealed a normalizing effect of Cur:Na2GA (comparable to that of curcumin) on lipid metabolism. We believe that the further development and investigation of therapeutics based on curcuminoids in relation Opisthorchis felineus and other trematode infections will be useful for clinical practice and veterinary medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria N Lvova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Denis V Ponomarev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alena A Tarasenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna V Kovner
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Galina A Minkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Michail A Tsyganov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Meijun Li
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yan Lou
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Veronica I Evseenko
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V Dushkin
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina V Sorokina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana G Tolstikova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Viatcheslav A Mordvinov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Damira F Avgustinovich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Murase W, Kubota A, Ikeda-Araki A, Terasaki M, Nakagawa K, Shizu R, Yoshinari K, Kojima H. Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on gene expression profiles via nuclear receptors in HepaRG cells: Comparative study with in vitro transactivation assays. Toxicology 2023:153577. [PMID: 37302725 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a synthetic perfluorinated eight-carbon organic chemical, has been reported to induce hepatotoxicity, including increased liver weight, hepatocellular hypertrophy, necrosis, and increased peroxisome proliferation in rodents. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between serum PFOA levels and various adverse effects. In this study, we investigated the gene expression profiles of human HepaRG cells exposed to 10 and 100 μM PFOA for 24h. Treatment with 10 and 100 μM PFOA significantly modulated the expression of 190 genes and 996 genes, respectively. In particular, genes upregulated or downregulated by 100µM PFOA included peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling genes related to lipid metabolism, adipocyte differentiation, and gluconeogenesis. In addition, we identified the "Nuclear receptors-meta pathways" following the activation of other nuclear receptors: constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X receptor (PXR) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR), and the transcription factor, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The expression levels of some target genes (CYP4A11, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, CYP7A1, and GPX2) of these nuclear receptors and Nrf2 were confirmed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Next, we performed transactivation assays using COS-7 or HEK293 cells to investigate whether these signaling-pathways were activated by the direct effects of PFOA on human PPARα, CAR, PXR, FXR and Nrf2. PFOA activated PPARα in a concentration-dependent manner, but did not activate CAR, PXR, FXR, or Nrf2. Taken together, these results suggest that PFOA affects the hepatic transcriptomic responses of HepaRG cells through direct activation of PPARα and indirect activation of CAR, PXR FXR and Nrf2. Our finding indicates that PPARα activation found in the "Nuclear receptors-meta pathways" functions as a molecular initiating event for PFOA, and indirect activation of alternative nuclear receptors and Nrf2 also provide important molecular mechanisms in PFOA-induced human hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Murase
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Kubota
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ikeda-Araki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masaru Terasaki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan; Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Koji Nakagawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan; Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Ryota Shizu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kouichi Yoshinari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kojima
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan; Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Song W, Wang Y, Huang T, Liu Y, Chen F, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Zhang C, Yang X. T-2 toxin metabolism and its hepatotoxicity: New insights on the molecular mechanism and detoxification. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121784. [PMID: 37169237 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin, a type A trichothecene, is a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium poae, Fusarium sporotrichioides, and Fusarium tricinctum. As the most toxic trichothecenes, T-2 toxin causes severe damage to multiple organs, especially to liver. However, the contamination of T-2 toxin covers a wide range of plants, including nuts, grains, fruits and herbs globally. And due to chemical stability of T-2 toxin, it is difficult to be completely removed from the food and feeds, which poses a great threat to human and animal health. Liver is the major detoxifying organ which also makes it the main target of T-2 toxin. After being absorbed by intestine, the first pass effect will reduce the level of T-2 toxin in blood indicating that liver is the main metabolic site of T-2 toxin in vivo. In this review, updated researches on the hepatotoxicity of T-2 toxin were summarized. The metabolic characteristic of T-2 toxin in vivo was introduced. The main hepatotoxic mechanisms of T-2 toxin are oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, autophagy and apoptosis. Recent research of the main hepatotoxic mechanisms of T-2 toxin and the interactions between these mechanisms were summarized. The remission of the hepatotoxicity induced by T-2 toxin was also studied in this review followed by new findings on the detoxification of hepatotoxicity induced by T-2 toxin. The review aimed to offer a comprehensive view and proposes new perspectives in the field of hepatotoxicity induced by T-2 toxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Youshuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Tingyu Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Fengjuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yunhe Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yibao Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zeng J, Fan J, Zhou H. Bile acid-mediated signaling in cholestatic liver diseases. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:77. [PMID: 37120573 PMCID: PMC10149012 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cholestatic liver diseases, such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), are associated with bile stasis and gradually progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure, which requires liver transplantation. Although ursodeoxycholic acid is effective in slowing the disease progression of PBC, it has limited efficacy in PSC patients. It is challenging to develop effective therapeutic agents due to the limited understanding of disease pathogenesis. During the last decade, numerous studies have demonstrated that disruption of bile acid (BA) metabolism and intrahepatic circulation promotes the progression of cholestatic liver diseases. BAs not only play an essential role in nutrition absorption as detergents but also play an important role in regulating hepatic metabolism and modulating immune responses as key signaling molecules. Several excellent papers have recently reviewed the role of BAs in metabolic liver diseases. This review focuses on BA-mediated signaling in cholestatic liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia and Richmond VA Medical Center, Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA, 23298-0678, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiangao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia and Richmond VA Medical Center, Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA, 23298-0678, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Aseem SO, Hylemon PB, Zhou H. Bile Acids and Biliary Fibrosis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050792. [PMID: 36899928 PMCID: PMC10001305 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary fibrosis is the driving pathological process in cholangiopathies such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Cholangiopathies are also associated with cholestasis, which is the retention of biliary components, including bile acids, in the liver and blood. Cholestasis may worsen with biliary fibrosis. Furthermore, bile acid levels, composition and homeostasis are dysregulated in PBC and PSC. In fact, mounting data from animal models and human cholangiopathies suggest that bile acids play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of biliary fibrosis. The identification of bile acid receptors has advanced our understanding of various signaling pathways involved in regulating cholangiocyte functions and the potential impact on biliary fibrosis. We will also briefly review recent findings linking these receptors with epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Further detailed understanding of bile acid signaling in the pathogenesis of biliary fibrosis will uncover additional therapeutic avenues for cholangiopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Obaidullah Aseem
- Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease & Metabolic Health, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Phillip B. Hylemon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Stat3 role in the protective effect of FXR Agonist in parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0056. [PMID: 36848082 PMCID: PMC9974070 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Parenteral nutrition (PN) in patients with intestinal failure can lead to cholestasis (PNAC). In a PNAC mouse model, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist (GW4064) treatment alleviated IL-1β-dependent cholestatic liver injury. The objective of this study was to determine whether this hepatic protection of FXR activation is mediated through IL-6-STAT3 signaling. APPROACH AND RESULTS Hepatic apoptotic pathways [Fas-associated protein with death domain (Fas) mRNA, caspase 8 protein, and cleaved caspase 3] and IL-6-STAT3 signaling, and expression of its downstream effectors Socs1/3 were all upregulated in the mouse PNAC model (dextran sulfate sodium enterally × 4 d followed by total PN for 14 d). Il1r-/- mice were protected from PNAC in conjunction with suppression of the FAS pathway. GW4064 treatment in the PNAC mouse increased hepatic FXR binding to the Stat3 promoter, further increased STAT3 phosphorylation and upregulated Socs1 and Socs3 mRNA, and prevented cholestasis. In HepG2 cells and primary mouse hepatocytes, IL-1β induced IL-6 mRNA and protein, which were suppressed by GW4064. In IL-1β or phytosterols treated HepG2 and Huh7 cells, siRNA knockdown of STAT3 significantly reduced GW4064-upregulated transcription of hepatoprotective nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2 (NR0B2) and ABCG8. CONCLUSIONS STAT3 signaling mediated in part the protective effects of GW4064 in the PNAC mouse, and in HepG2 cells and hepatocytes exposed to either IL-1β or phytosterols, 2 factors critical in PNAC pathogenesis. These data demonstrate that FXR agonists may mediate hepatoprotective effects in cholestasis by inducing STAT3 signaling.
Collapse
|
44
|
Xu L, Cui H. Yinchenhao Tang alleviates high fat diet induced NAFLD by increasing NR1H4 and APOA1 expression. J Tradit Complement Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
|
45
|
Gao Q, Bi P, Mi Q, Guan Y, Jiang J, Li X, Yang B. Effect of nicotine on cholesterol gallstone formation in C57BL/6J mice fed on a lithogenic diet. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:84. [PMID: 36684657 PMCID: PMC9849855 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallstones are diseases of the biliary system caused by cholesterol supersaturation and/or deficiency in bile salts in bile. Early studies have shown that symptomatic gallstones are primarily a disease of non-smokers, raising the possibility that nicotine can prevent gallstone formation. The present study investigated the effect of nicotine on the formation of cholesterol gallstone in C57BL/6J mice. C57BL/6J mice (eight-weeks-old) were fed a normal or lithogenic diet (basic feed 82.45%, fat 15.8%, cholesterol 1.25% and sodium cholate 0.5%) and divided into five groups: normal diet (ND); ND + high dose nicotine (H); lithogenic diet (LD); LD + low dose nicotine (L) and LD + nicotine (H). They were treated with or without nicotine injection for 10 weeks. Nicotine treatment did not change the rate of cholesterol gallstone formation. There was no difference in TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 among the five groups. The LD group showed the highest cholesterol levels and there was significant suppression of the total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and total bile acid levels in the serum of the nicotine-treated mice. Quantitative PCR showed nicotine altered few bile acid metabolism-related genes expression in liver tissue and significantly altered cholesterol-metabolism genes in gallbladder tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and western blotting showed that protein levels of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and megalin in the gallbladder increased in the lithogenic-diet mice, which was significantly suppressed in the nicotine-treated mice. In vitro studies using gallbladder epithelial cells showed that chenodeoxycholic acids increased megalin expression, which could be attenuated by nicotine. Nicotine could regulate bile acid metabolism via the FXR-megalin/cubilin pathways, which potentially contribute to cholesterol nucleation and subsequent gallstone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650106, P.R. China
| | - Pinduan Bi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Qili Mi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650106, P.R. China
| | - Ying Guan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650106, P.R. China
| | - Jiarui Jiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650106, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650106, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Bin Yang, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Wuhua, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Xu J, Wang Y, Khoshdeli M, Peach M, Chuang J, Lin J, Tsai W, Mahadevan S, Minto W, Diehl L, Gupta R, Trauner M, Patel K, Noureddin M, Kowdley KV, Gulamhusein A, Bowlus CL, Huss RS, Myers RP, Chung C, Billin AN. IL-31 levels correlate with pruritus in patients with cholestatic and metabolic liver diseases and is farnesoid X receptor responsive in NASH. Hepatology 2023; 77:20-32. [PMID: 35686937 PMCID: PMC9970017 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pruritus is associated with multiple liver diseases, particularly those with cholestasis, but the mechanism remains incompletely understood. Our aim was to evaluate serum IL-31 as a putative biomarker of pruritus in clinical trials of an farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, cilofexor, in patients with NASH, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). APPROACH AND RESULTS Serum IL-31 was measured in clinical studies of cilofexor in NASH, PSC, and PBC. In patients with PSC or PBC, baseline IL-31 was elevated compared to patients with NASH and healthy volunteers (HVs). IL-31 correlated with serum bile acids among patients with NASH, PBC, and PSC. Baseline IL-31 levels in PSC and PBC were positively correlated with Visual Analog Scale for pruritus and 5-D itch scores. In patients with NASH, cilofexor dose-dependently increased IL-31 from Week (W)1 to W24. In patients with NASH receiving cilofexor 100 mg, IL-31 was higher in those with Grade 2-3 pruritus adverse events (AEs) than those with Grade 0-1 pruritus AEs. IL-31 weakly correlated with C4 at baseline in patients with NASH, and among those receiving cilofexor 100 mg, changes in IL-31 and C4 from baseline to W24 were negatively correlated. IL-31 messenger RNA (mRNA) was elevated in hepatocytes from patients with PSC and NASH compared to HVs. In a humanized liver murine model, obeticholic acid increased IL-31 mRNA expression in human hepatocytes and serum levels of human IL-31. CONCLUSIONS IL-31 levels correlate with pruritus in patients with cholestatic disease and NASH, with FXR agonist therapy resulting in higher serum levels in the latter group. IL-31 appears to derive in part from increased hepatocyte expression. These findings have therapeutic implications for patients with liver disease and pruritus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - Ya Wang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | | | - Matt Peach
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | | | - Julie Lin
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - Wen‐Wei Tsai
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | | | - Wesley Minto
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - Lauri Diehl
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Keyur Patel
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Fatty Liver Program, Cedars‐Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ryan S. Huss
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | | | - Chuhan Chung
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fatty Liver Disease-Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic: Similar but Different. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416226. [PMID: 36555867 PMCID: PMC9783455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) and in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), there are abnormal accumulations of fat in the liver. This phenomenon may be related to excessive alcohol consumption, as well as the combination of alcohol consumption and medications. There is an evolution from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis leading to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatic pathology is very similar regarding non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and ALD. Initially, there is lipid accumulation in parenchyma and progression to lobular inflammation. The morphological changes in the liver mitochondria, perivenular and perisinusoidal fibrosis, and hepatocellular ballooning, apoptosis and necrosis and accumulation of fibrosis may lead to the development of cirrhosis and HCC. Medical history of ethanol consumption, laboratory markers of chronic ethanol intake, AST/ALT ratio on the one hand and features of the metabolic syndrome on the other hand, may help in estimating the contribution of alcohol intake and the metabolic syndrome, respectively, to liver steatosis.
Collapse
|
48
|
Shen B, Zhou C, Gu T, Shen Z, Guo Y, Dai W, Liu Y, Zhang J, Lu L, Dong H. Kuhuang alleviates liver fibrosis by modulating gut microbiota-mediated hepatic IFN signaling and bile acid synthesis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1080226. [PMID: 36582518 PMCID: PMC9792617 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1080226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver fibrosis is a common outcome of the pathological progression of chronic liver disease; however, no specific and effective therapeutic agent has been approved for its treatment. We investigated the effects of Kuhuang on liver fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms of action. Materials and methods: To induce hepatic fibrosis, either 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-collidine (DDC) diet was administered, or bile duct ligation (BDL) surgery was performed on C57BL/6 mice. Kuhuang was orally administered to mice for 7 days before and after bile duct ligation or 4 weeks with a DDC diet. Hematoxylin and eosin, Sirius red staining, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate hepatic pathology. Hepatic interferon-β (IFN-β) levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RNA sequencing was performed to examine the gene expression profiles of liver tissues. The mRNA expression of inflammatory, profibrotic, and bile acid (BA)-related genes was further validated by qRT-PCR. A targeted metabolomics assay revealed the alteration of the hepatic bile acid (BA) composition. The composition of the gut microbiota was determined via 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: Treatment with Kuhuang attenuated liver fibrosis and reduced the inflammatory response in bile duct ligation and DDC mouse models. In addition, the hepatic IFN signaling pathway was activated following Kuhuang treatment. Kuhuang treatment also significantly decreased hepatic levels of both primary and secondary BAs. In addition, Kuhuang treatment altered gut microbiota composition, with an increased abundance of interferon-inducing Akkermansia and decreased abundance of bile salt hydrolase-producing Lactobacillus, Clostridium, and Bifidobacterium. Furthermore, the abundance of Akkermansia was positively correlated with the hepatic mRNA expression levels of Ifna4, Ifnb, and Isg15, whereas that of Lactobacillus, Clostridium - sensu - stricto - 1, and Bifidobacterium was positively correlated with levels of bile acid synthesis-related genes. Conclusion: Our results suggest that Kuhuang plays a protective role during the progression of liver fibrosis, potentially by altering the composition of the gut microbiota, which consequently activates interferon signaling and inhibits bile acid synthesis in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyang Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuecheng Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiming Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Suzhou Leiyunshang Pharmacology Group, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Suzhou Leiyunshang Pharmacology Group, Shanghai, China
| | - Lungen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Lungen Lu, ; Hui Dong,
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Lungen Lu, ; Hui Dong,
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Keles U, Ow JR, Kuentzel KB, Zhao LN, Kaldis P. Liver-derived metabolites as signaling molecules in fatty liver disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 80:4. [PMID: 36477411 PMCID: PMC9729146 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive fat accumulation in the liver has become a major health threat worldwide. Unresolved fat deposition in the liver can go undetected until it develops into fatty liver disease, followed by steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Lipid deposition in the liver is governed by complex communication, primarily between metabolic organs. This can be mediated by hormones, organokines, and also, as has been more recently discovered, metabolites. Although how metabolites from peripheral organs affect the liver is well documented, the effect of metabolic players released from the liver during the development of fatty liver disease or associated comorbidities needs further attention. Here we focus on interorgan crosstalk based on metabolites released from the liver and how these molecules act as signaling molecules in peripheral tissues. Due to the liver's specific role, we are covering lipid and bile mechanism-derived metabolites. We also discuss the high sucrose intake associated with uric acid release from the liver. Excessive fat deposition in the liver during fatty liver disease development reflects disrupted metabolic processes. As a response, the liver secretes a variety of signaling molecules as well as metabolites which act as a footprint of the metabolic disruption. In the coming years, the reciprocal exchange of metabolites between the liver and other metabolic organs will gain further importance and will help to better understand the development of fatty liver disease and associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umur Keles
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Lund University, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jin Rong Ow
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Katharina Barbara Kuentzel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Lund University, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Li Na Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Lund University, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Lund University, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden. .,Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Lund University, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Huertas-Abril PV, Prieto-Álamo MJ, Jurado J, García-Barrera T, Abril N. A selenium-enriched diet helps to recover liver function after antibiotic administration in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 171:113519. [PMID: 36464106 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic (Abx) treatments or inadvertent exposure to Abx-contaminated food and water can adversely affect health. Many studies show strong correlations between Abx and liver damage pointing to gut dysbiosis as a contributing factor because the gut microbiota (GM) forms a complex network with liver. Selenium (Se) is a beneficial micronutrient able to shape the composition of the GM. We analyzed here the ability of a low dose (120 μg/kg bodyweight/day) Se-enriched diet to ameliorate the effects of a 7-day intervention with an Abx-cocktail over the global health and the homeostasis of cholesterol and bile acids in the mouse liver. We found that Se restored lipid metabolism preventing the increased synthesis and accumulation of cholesterol caused by Abx treatment. Integrating these results with previous metataxonomic and metabolomic data in same mice, we conclude that part of the effect of Se against liver dysfunction (cholesterol and bile acids metabolism and transport) could be mediated by the GM. We provide data that contribute to a more complete view of the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial action of Se on health, pointing to a possible use of low doses of Se as a functional food additive (prebiotic) to prevent the negative effects of antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula V Huertas-Abril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María-José Prieto-Álamo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Juan Jurado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Tamara García-Barrera
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA). Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus El Carmen, University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Nieves Abril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|