1
|
Yarimizu K, Mardones JI, Paredes-Mella J, Perera IU, Fujiyoshi S, Fuenzalida G, Acuña JJ, Ruiz-Gil T, Campos M, Rilling JI, Calabrano Miranda P, Vilugrón J, Espinoza-González O, Guzmán L, Nagai S, Jorquera MA, Maruyama F. Identification of bacteria in potential mutualism with toxic Alexandrium catenella in Chilean Patagonian fjords by in vitro and field monitoring. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301343. [PMID: 38833478 PMCID: PMC11149857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella is a well-known paralytic shellfish toxin producer that forms harmful algal blooms, repeatedly causing damage to Chilean coastal waters. The causes and behavior of algal blooms are complex and vary across different regions. As bacterial interactions with algal species are increasingly recognized as a key factor driving algal blooms, the present study identifies several bacterial candidates potentially associated with Chilean Alexandrium catenella. This research narrowed down the selection of bacteria from the Chilean A. catenella culture using antibiotic treatment and 16S rRNA metabarcoding analysis. Subsequently, seawater from two Chilean coastal stations, Isla Julia and Isla San Pedro, was monitored for two years to detect Alexandrium species and the selected bacteria, utilizing 16S and 18S rRNA gene metabarcoding analyses. The results suggested a potential association between Alexandrium species and Spongiibacteraceae at both stations. The proposed candidate bacteria within the Spongiibacteraceae family, potentially engaging in mutualistic relationships with Alexandrium species, included the genus of BD1-7 clade, Spongiibbacter, and Zhongshania.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Yarimizu
- Microbial Genomics and Ecology, The IDEC Institute, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jorge I. Mardones
- Centro de Estudios de Algas Nocivas (CREAN), Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Puerto Montt, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Paredes-Mella
- Centro de Estudios de Algas Nocivas (CREAN), Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Ishara Uhanie Perera
- Microbial Genomics and Ecology, The IDEC Institute, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - So Fujiyoshi
- Microbial Genomics and Ecology, The IDEC Institute, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Gonzalo Fuenzalida
- Centro de Estudios de Algas Nocivas (CREAN), Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Jacquelinne J. Acuña
- Laboratorio Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Tay Ruiz-Gil
- Laboratorio Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marco Campos
- Laboratorio Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Salud de Precisión, Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Joaquin-Ignacio Rilling
- Laboratorio Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pedro Calabrano Miranda
- Centro de Estudios de Algas Nocivas (CREAN), Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Jonnathan Vilugrón
- Centro de Estudios de Algas Nocivas (CREAN), Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Oscar Espinoza-González
- Centro de Estudios de Algas Nocivas (CREAN), Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Leonardo Guzmán
- Centro de Estudios de Algas Nocivas (CREAN), Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Satoshi Nagai
- Japan Coastal and Inland Fisheries Ecosystems Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Milko A. Jorquera
- Laboratorio Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Fumito Maruyama
- Microbial Genomics and Ecology, The IDEC Institute, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wietz M, Engel A, Ramondenc S, Niwano M, von Appen WJ, Priest T, von Jackowski A, Metfies K, Bienhold C, Boetius A. The Arctic summer microbiome across Fram Strait: Depth, longitude, and substrate concentrations structure microbial diversity in the euphotic zone. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16568. [PMID: 38268397 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The long-term dynamics of microbial communities across geographic, hydrographic, and biogeochemical gradients in the Arctic Ocean are largely unknown. To address this, we annually sampled polar, mixed, and Atlantic water masses of the Fram Strait (2015-2019; 5-100 m depth) to assess microbiome composition, substrate concentrations, and oceanographic parameters. Longitude and water depth were the major determinants (~30%) of microbial community variability. Bacterial alpha diversity was highest in lower-photic polar waters. Community composition shifted from west to east, with the prevalence of, for example, Dadabacteriales and Thiotrichales in Arctic- and Atlantic-influenced waters, respectively. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon peaked in the western, compared to carbohydrates in the chlorophyll-maximum of eastern Fram Strait. Interannual differences due to the time of sampling, which varied between early (June 2016/2018) and late (September 2019) phytoplankton bloom stages, illustrated that phytoplankton composition and resulting availability of labile substrates influence bacterial dynamics. We identified 10 species clusters with stable environmental correlations, representing signature populations of distinct ecosystem states. In context with published metagenomic evidence, our microbial-biogeochemical inventory of a key Arctic region establishes a benchmark to assess ecosystem dynamics and the imprint of climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wietz
- Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anja Engel
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Ramondenc
- Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Matomo Niwano
- Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Wilken-Jon von Appen
- Physical Oceanography of the Polar Seas, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Taylor Priest
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anabel von Jackowski
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Metfies
- Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christina Bienhold
- Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antje Boetius
- Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xie C, Ouyang H, Zheng H, Wang M, Gu J, Wang Z, Tang Y, Xiao L. Community structure and association network of prokaryotic community in surface sediments from the Bering-Chukchi shelf and adjacent sea areas. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1312419. [PMID: 38264483 PMCID: PMC10803617 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1312419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Bering-Chukchi shelf is one of the world's most productive areas and characterized by high benthic biomass. Sedimentary microbial communities play a crucial role in the remineralization of organic matter and associated biogeochemical cycles, reflecting both short-term changes in the environment and more consistent long-term environmental characteristics in a given habitat. In order to get a better understanding of the community structure of sediment-associated prokaryotes, surface sediments were collected from 26 stations in the Bering-Chukchi shelf and adjacent northern deep seas in this study. Prokaryote community structures were analyzed by metabarcoding of the 16S rRNA gene, and potential interactions among prokaryotic groups were analyzed by co-occurrence networks. Relationships between the prokaryote community and environmental factors were assessed. Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Flavobacteriia were the dominant bacterial classes, contributing 35.0, 18.9, and 17.3% of the bacterial reads, respectively. The phototrophic cyanobacteria accounted for 2.7% of the DNA reads and occurred more abundantly in the Bering-Chukchi shelf. Prokaryotic community assemblages were different in the northern deep seas compared to the Bering-Chukchi shelf, represented by the lowered diversity and the increased abundant operational Taxonomic Units (OTU), suggesting that the abundant taxa may play more important roles in the northern deep seas. Correlation analysis showed that latitude, water depth, and nutrients were important factors affecting the prokaryote community structure. Abundant OTUs were distributed widely in the study area. The complex association networks indicated a stable microbial community structure in the study area. The high positive interactions (81.8-97.7%) in this study suggested that symbiotic and/or cooperative relationships accounted for a dominant proportion of the microbial networks. However, the dominant taxa were generally located at the edge of the co-occurrence networks rather than in the major modules. Most of the keystone OTUs were intermediately abundant OTUs with relative reads between 0.01 and 1%, suggesting that taxa with moderate biomass might have considerable impacts on the structure and function of the microbial community. This study enriched the understanding of prokaryotic community in surface sediments from the Bering-Chukchi shelf and adjacent sea areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhaohui Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Xiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Namsaraev Z, Kozlova A, Tuzov F, Krylova A, Izotova A, Makarov I, Bezgreshnov A, Melnikova A, Trofimova A, Kuzmin D, Patrushev M, Toshchakov S. Biogeographic Analysis Suggests Two Types of Planktonic Prokaryote Communities in the Barents Sea. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1310. [PMID: 37887020 PMCID: PMC10604488 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The Barents Sea is one of the most rapidly changing Arctic regions, with an unprecedented sea ice decline and increase in water temperature and salinity. We have studied the diversity of prokaryotic communities using 16S metabarcoding in the western and northeastern parts of the Barents Sea along the Kola Section and the section from Novaya Zemlya to Franz Joseph Land. The hypothesis-independent clustering method revealed the existence of two distinct types of communities. The most common prokaryotic taxa were shared between two types of communities, but their relative abundance was different. It was found that the geographic location of the sampling sites explained more than 30% of the difference between communities, while no statistically significant correlation between environmental parameters and community composition was found. The representatives of the Psychrobacter, Sulfitobacter and Polaribacter genera were dominant in samples from both types of communities. The first type of community was also dominated by members of Halomonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Planococcaceae and an unclassified representative of the Alteromonadaceae family. The second type of community also had a significant proportion of Nitrincolaceae, SAR92, SAR11 Clade I, NS9, Cryomorphaceae and SUP05 representatives. The origin of these communities can be explained by the influence of environmental factors or by the different origins of water masses. This research highlights the importance of studying biogeographic patterns in the Barents Sea in comparison with those in the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean prokaryote communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zorigto Namsaraev
- Kurchatov Centre for Genome Research, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Kozlova
- Kurchatov Centre for Genome Research, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor Tuzov
- Department of Oceanology, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- All-Russian Research Institute for Civil Defense and Emergencies, 121352 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Krylova
- Kurchatov Centre for Genome Research, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Izotova
- Kurchatov Centre for Genome Research, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrei Bezgreshnov
- Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, 199397 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Melnikova
- Kurchatov Centre for Genome Research, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Trofimova
- Department of Geography and Hydrometeorology, Higher School of Natural Sciences and Technologies, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Denis Kuzmin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Maksim Patrushev
- Kurchatov Centre for Genome Research, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan Toshchakov
- Kurchatov Centre for Genome Research, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Priest T, von Appen WJ, Oldenburg E, Popa O, Torres-Valdés S, Bienhold C, Metfies K, Boulton W, Mock T, Fuchs BM, Amann R, Boetius A, Wietz M. Atlantic water influx and sea-ice cover drive taxonomic and functional shifts in Arctic marine bacterial communities. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:1612-1625. [PMID: 37422598 PMCID: PMC10504371 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic Ocean is experiencing unprecedented changes because of climate warming, necessitating detailed analyses on the ecology and dynamics of biological communities to understand current and future ecosystem shifts. Here, we generated a four-year, high-resolution amplicon dataset along with one annual cycle of PacBio HiFi read metagenomes from the East Greenland Current (EGC), and combined this with datasets spanning different spatiotemporal scales (Tara Arctic and MOSAiC) to assess the impact of Atlantic water influx and sea-ice cover on bacterial communities in the Arctic Ocean. Densely ice-covered polar waters harboured a temporally stable, resident microbiome. Atlantic water influx and reduced sea-ice cover resulted in the dominance of seasonally fluctuating populations, resembling a process of "replacement" through advection, mixing and environmental sorting. We identified bacterial signature populations of distinct environmental regimes, including polar night and high-ice cover, and assessed their ecological roles. Dynamics of signature populations were consistent across the wider Arctic; e.g. those associated with dense ice cover and winter in the EGC were abundant in the central Arctic Ocean in winter. Population- and community-level analyses revealed metabolic distinctions between bacteria affiliated with Arctic and Atlantic conditions; the former with increased potential to use bacterial- and terrestrial-derived substrates or inorganic compounds. Our evidence on bacterial dynamics over spatiotemporal scales provides novel insights into Arctic ecology and indicates a progressing Biological Atlantification of the warming Arctic Ocean, with consequences for food webs and biogeochemical cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Priest
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, 28359, Germany.
| | - Wilken-Jon von Appen
- Physical Oceanography of the Polar Seas, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
| | - Ellen Oldenburg
- Institute for Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Ovidiu Popa
- Institute for Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Sinhué Torres-Valdés
- Physical Oceanography of the Polar Seas, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
| | - Christina Bienhold
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, 28359, Germany
- Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
| | - Katja Metfies
- Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
| | - William Boulton
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
- School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Mock
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard M Fuchs
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Rudolf Amann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Antje Boetius
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, 28359, Germany
- Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Matthias Wietz
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, 28359, Germany.
- Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Uniacke-Lowe S, Johnson CN, Stanton C, Hill C, Ross P. Winogradskyella bathintestinalis sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of the deep-sea loosejaw dragonfish, Malacosteus niger. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:10.1099/ijsem.0.006135. [PMID: 37877999 PMCID: PMC7615552 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel bacterial strain, APC 3343T, was isolated from the intestine of a deep-sea loosejaw dragon fish, Malacosteus niger, caught at a depth of 1000 m in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. Cells were aerobic, rod-shaped, yellow/orange-pigmented, non-motile and Gram-negative. Growth of strain APC 3343T was observed at 4-30 °C (optimum, 21-25 °C), pH 5.5-10 (optimum, pH 7-8) and 0.5-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2-4 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain APC 3343T was most closely related to members of the genus Winogradskyella, with the most closely related type strains being Winogradskyella algae Kr9-9T (98.46 % identity), Winogradskyella damuponensis F081-2T (98.07 %), Winogradskyella eximia CECT 7946T (97.93 %), Winogradskyella litoriviva KMM 6491T (97.79 %) and Winogradskyella endarachnes HL2-2T (97.79 %). Major fatty acids (>10 % of total) were iso-C16 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6 (MK-6). Polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown aminolipids and eight unknown lipids. The draft genome sequence was 3.8 Mb in length with a G+C content of 33.43 mol%. Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, strain APC 3343T is deemed to be a novel species of the genus Winogradskyella, and for which the name Winogradskyella bathintestinalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of this species is APC 3343T (=DSM 115832T=NCIMB 15464T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shona Uniacke-Lowe
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Crystal N. Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Oklahoma State University – Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vipindas PV, Jabir T, Venkatachalam S, Yang EJ, Jain A, Krishnan KP. Vertical segregation and phylogenetic characterization of archaea and archaeal ammonia monooxygenase gene in the water column of the western Arctic Ocean. Extremophiles 2023; 27:24. [PMID: 37668803 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-023-01310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Archaea constitute a substantial fraction of marine microbial biomass and play critical roles in the biogeochemistry of oceans. However, studies on their distribution and ecology in the Arctic Ocean are relatively scarce. Here, we studied the distributions of archaea and archaeal ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) gene in the western Arctic Ocean, using the amplicon sequencing approach from the sea surface to deep waters up to 3040 m depth. A total of five archaeal phyla, Nitrososphaerota, "Euryarchaeota", "Halobacteriota," "Nanoarchaeota", and Candidatus Thermoplasmatota, were detected. We observed a clear, depth-dependent vertical segregation among archaeal communities. Ca. Thermoplasmatota (66.8%) was the most dominant phylum in the surface waters. At the same time, Nitrososphaerota (55.9%) was dominant in the deep waters. Most of the amoA gene OTUs (99%) belonged to the Nitrosopumilales and were further clustered into five subclades ("NP-Alpha", "NP-Delta", "NP-Epsilon", "NP-Gamma", and "NP-Theta"). "NP-Epsilon" was the most dominant clade throughout the water column and "NP_Alpha" showed higher abundance only in the deeper water. Salinity and inorganic nutrient concentrations were the major factors that determined the vertical segregation of archaea. We anticipate that the observed differences in the vertical distribution of archaea might contribute to the compartmentalization of dark carbon fixation and nitrification in deeper water and organic matter degradation in surface waters of the Arctic Ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puthiya Veettil Vipindas
- Arctic Ecology and Biogeochemistry Division, Ministry of Earth Sciences, National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, 403 804, India.
| | - Thajudeen Jabir
- Arctic Ecology and Biogeochemistry Division, Ministry of Earth Sciences, National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, 403 804, India
| | - Siddarthan Venkatachalam
- Arctic Ecology and Biogeochemistry Division, Ministry of Earth Sciences, National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, 403 804, India
| | - Eun Jin Yang
- Division of Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Anand Jain
- Arctic Ecology and Biogeochemistry Division, Ministry of Earth Sciences, National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, 403 804, India
| | - Kottekkatu Padinchati Krishnan
- Arctic Ecology and Biogeochemistry Division, Ministry of Earth Sciences, National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, 403 804, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rontani JF, Bonin P. Cellular Damage of Bacteria Attached to Senescent Phytoplankton Cells as a Result of the Transfer of Photochemically Produced Singlet Oxygen: A Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1565. [PMID: 37375067 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies set out to explain the presence of high proportions of photooxidation products of cis-vaccenic acid (generally considered to be of bacterial origin) in marine environments. These studies show that these oxidation products result from the transfer of singlet oxygen from senescent phytoplankton cells to the bacteria attached to them in response to irradiation by sunlight. This paper summarizes and reviews the key findings of these studies, i.e., the demonstration of the process at work and the effect of different parameters (intensity of solar irradiance, presence of bacterial carotenoids, and presence of polar matrices such as silica, carbonate, and exopolymeric substances around phytoplankton cells) on this transfer. A large part of this review looks at how this type of alteration of bacteria can affect the preservation of algal material in the marine environment, especially in polar regions where conditions drive increased transfer of singlet oxygen from sympagic algae to bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Rontani
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Patricia Bonin
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Keuschnig C, Vogel TM, Barbaro E, Spolaor A, Koziol K, Björkman MP, Zdanowicz C, Gallet JC, Luks B, Layton R, Larose C. Selection processes of Arctic seasonal glacier snowpack bacterial communities. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:35. [PMID: 36864462 PMCID: PMC9979512 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arctic snowpack microbial communities are continually subject to dynamic chemical and microbial input from the atmosphere. As such, the factors that contribute to structuring their microbial communities are complex and have yet to be completely resolved. These snowpack communities can be used to evaluate whether they fit niche-based or neutral assembly theories. METHODS We sampled snow from 22 glacier sites on 7 glaciers across Svalbard in April during the maximum snow accumulation period and prior to the melt period to evaluate the factors that drive snowpack metataxonomy. These snowpacks were seasonal, accumulating in early winter on bare ice and firn and completely melting out in autumn. Using a Bayesian fitting strategy to evaluate Hubbell's Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity at multiple sites, we tested for neutrality and defined immigration rates at different taxonomic levels. Bacterial abundance and diversity were measured and the amount of potential ice-nucleating bacteria was calculated. The chemical composition (anions, cations, organic acids) and particulate impurity load (elemental and organic carbon) of the winter and spring snowpack were also characterized. We used these data in addition to geographical information to assess possible niche-based effects on snow microbial communities using multivariate and variable partitioning analysis. RESULTS While certain taxonomic signals were found to fit the neutral assembly model, clear evidence of niche-based selection was observed at most sites. Inorganic chemistry was not linked directly to diversity, but helped to identify predominant colonization sources and predict microbial abundance, which was tightly linked to sea spray. Organic acids were the most significant predictors of microbial diversity. At low organic acid concentrations, the snow microbial structure represented the seeding community closely, and evolved away from it at higher organic acid concentrations, with concomitant increases in bacterial numbers. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that environmental selection plays a significant role in structuring snow microbial communities and that future studies should focus on activity and growth. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Keuschnig
- Formerly at Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ampère, UMR5005, 69134, Ecully Cedex, France
- Currently at Interface Geochemistry, German Research Center for Geosciences, GFZ, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ampère, UMR5005, 69134, Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, ISP-CNR, Via Torino 155, 30170, Venice Mestre, Italy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Spolaor
- Institute of Polar Sciences, ISP-CNR, Via Torino 155, 30170, Venice Mestre, Italy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Krystyna Koziol
- Department of Environmental Change and Geochemistry, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, the Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mats P Björkman
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 460, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christian Zdanowicz
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Bartłomiej Luks
- Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Księcia Janusza 64, 01-452, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rose Layton
- Formerly at Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ampère, UMR5005, 69134, Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Larose
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ampère, UMR5005, 69134, Ecully Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jacquemot L, Vigneron A, Tremblay JÉ, Lovejoy C. Contrasting sea ice conditions shape microbial food webs in Hudson Bay (Canadian Arctic). ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:104. [PMID: 37938285 PMCID: PMC9723562 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The transition from ice-covered to open water is a recurring feature of the Arctic and sub-Arctic, but microbial diversity and cascading effects on the microbial food webs is poorly known. Here, we investigated microbial eukaryote, bacterial and archaeal communities in Hudson Bay (sub-Arctic, Canada) under sea-ice cover and open waters conditions. Co-occurrence networks revealed a <3 µm pico‒phytoplankton-based food web under the ice and a >3 µm nano‒microphytoplankton-based food web in the open waters. The ice-edge communities were characteristic of post-bloom conditions with high proportions of the picophytoplankton Micromonas and Bathycoccus. Nano‒ to micro‒phytoplankton and ice associated diatoms were detected throughout the water column, with the sympagic Melosira arctica exclusive to ice-covered central Hudson Bay and Thalassiosira in open northwestern Hudson Bay. Heterotrophic microbial eukaryotes and prokaryotes also differed by ice-state, suggesting a linkage between microbes at depth and surface phytoplankton bloom state. The findings suggest that a longer open water season may favor the establishment of a large phytoplankton-based food web at the subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM), increasing carbon export from pelagic diatoms to deeper waters and affect higher trophic levels in the deep Hudson Bay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Jacquemot
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Adrien Vigneron
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Connie Lovejoy
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aalto NJ, Schweitzer HD, Krsmanovic S, Campbell K, Bernstein HC. Diversity and Selection of Surface Marine Microbiomes in the Atlantic-Influenced Arctic. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:892634. [PMID: 35910621 PMCID: PMC9329088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.892634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctic marine environments are experiencing rapid changes due to the polar amplification of global warming. These changes impact the habitat of the cold-adapted microbial communities, which underpin biogeochemical cycles and marine food webs. We comparatively investigated the differences in prokaryotic and microeukaryotic taxa between summer surface water microbiomes sampled along a latitudinal transect from the ice-free southern Barents Sea and into the sea-ice-covered Nansen Basin to disentangle the dominating community (ecological) selection processes driving phylogenetic diversity. The community structure and richness of each site-specific microbiome were assessed in relation to the physical and biogeochemical conditions of the environment. A strong homogeneous deterministic selection process was inferred across the entire sampling transect via a phylogenetic null modeling approach. The microbial species richness and diversity were not negatively influenced by northward decreasing temperature and salinity. The results also suggest that regional phytoplankton blooms are a major prevalent factor in governing the bacterial community structure. This study supports the consideration that strong homogeneous selection is imposed across these cold-water marine environments uniformly, regardless of geographic assignments within either the Nansen Basin or the Barents Sea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nerea J. Aalto
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- The Arctic Centre for Sustainable Energy, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hannah D. Schweitzer
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- The Arctic Centre for Sustainable Energy, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Stina Krsmanovic
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karley Campbell
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hans C. Bernstein
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- The Arctic Centre for Sustainable Energy, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- *Correspondence: Hans C. Bernstein
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Coelho LF, Couceiro JF, Keller-Costa T, Valente SM, Ramalho TP, Carneiro J, Comte J, Blais MA, Vincent WF, Martins Z, Canário J, Costa R. Structural shifts in sea ice prokaryotic communities across a salinity gradient in the subarctic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154286. [PMID: 35247410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Current knowledge of the processes that shape prokaryotic community assembly in sea ice across polar ecosystems is scarce. Here, we coupled culture-dependent (bacterial isolation on R2A medium) and culture-independent (high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing) approaches to provide the first comprehensive assessment of prokaryotic communities in the late winter ice and its underlying water along a natural salinity gradient in coastal Hudson Bay, an iconic cryo-environment that marks the ecological transition between Canadian Subarctic and Arctic biomes. We found that prokaryotic community assembly processes in the ice were less selective at low salinity since typical freshwater taxa such as Frankiales, Burkholderiales, and Chitinophagales dominated both the ice and its underlying water. In contrast, there were sharp shifts in community structure between the ice and underlying water samples at sites with higher salinity, with the orders Alteromonadales and Flavobacteriales dominating the ice, while the abovementioned freshwater taxa dominated the underlying water communities. Moreover, primary producers including Cyanobium (Cyanobacteria, Synechococcales) may play a role in shaping the ice communities and were accompanied by known Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobiae taxa. Culture-dependent analyses showed that the ice contained pigment-producing psychrotolerant or psychrophilic bacteria from the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota, likely favored by the combination of low temperatures and the seasonal increase in sunlight. Our findings suggest that salinity, photosynthesis and dissolved organic matter are the main drivers of prokaryotic community structure in the late winter ice of coastal Hudson Bay, the ecosystem with the fastest sea ice loss rate in the Canadian North.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Fonseca Coelho
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Joana Fernandes Couceiro
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tina Keller-Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Martinez Valente
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Pereirinha Ramalho
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Carneiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jérôme Comte
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, G1K 9A9 Quebec City, QC, Canada; Centre for Northern Studies (CEN), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Amélie Blais
- Centre for Northern Studies (CEN), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Département de biologie & Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Warwick F Vincent
- Centre for Northern Studies (CEN), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Département de biologie & Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Zita Martins
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Canário
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Department of Energy - Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang J, Guo X, Li Y, Song G, Zhao L. Understanding the Variation of Bacteria in Response to Summertime Oxygen Depletion in Water Column of Bohai Sea. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:890973. [PMID: 35756048 PMCID: PMC9221365 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.890973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming to reveal the variation in bacteria community under oxygen depletion formed every summer in water column of central Bohai Sea, a time-scenario sampling from June to August in 2018 at a 20-day interval along one inshore-offshore transect was settled. Water samples were collected at the surface, middle, and bottom layer and then analyzed by high-throughput sequencing targeting both 16S rRNA and nosZ genes. Compared to the surface and middle water, oxygen depletion occurred at bottom layer in August. In top two layers, Cyanobacteria dominated the bacterial community, whereas heterotrophic bacteria became dominant in bottom water of Bohai Sea. Based on the time scenario, distinct community separation was observed before (June and July) and after (August) oxygen depletion (p = 0.003). Vertically, strict stratification of nosZ gene was stably formed along 3 sampling layers. As a response to oxygen depletion, the diversity indices of both total bacteria (16S rRNA) and nosZ gene-encoded denitrification bacteria all increased, which indicated the intense potential of nitrogen lose when oxygen depleted. Dissolved oxygen (DO) was the key impacting factor on the community composition of total bacteria in June, whereas nutrients together with DO play the important roles in August for both total and denitrifying bacteria. The biotic impact was revealed further by strong correlations which showed between Cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria in June from co-occurrence network analysis, which became weak in August when DO was depleted. This study discovered the variation in bacteria community in oxygen-depleted water with further effort to understand the potential role of denitrifying bacteria under oxygen depletion in Bohai Sea for the first time, which provided insights into the microbial response to the world-wide expanding oxygen depletion and their contributions in the ocean nitrogen cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanying Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guisheng Song
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Niche partitioning of the ubiquitous and ecologically relevant NS5 marine group. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:1570-1582. [PMID: 35169264 PMCID: PMC9122927 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Niche concept is a core tenet of ecology that has recently been applied in marine microbial research to describe the partitioning of taxa based either on adaptations to specific conditions across environments or on adaptations to specialised substrates. In this study, we combine spatiotemporal dynamics and predicted substrate utilisation to describe species-level niche partitioning within the NS5 Marine Group. Despite NS5 representing one of the most abundant marine flavobacterial clades from across the world’s oceans, our knowledge on their phylogenetic diversity and ecological functions is limited. Using novel and database-derived 16S rRNA gene and ribosomal protein sequences, we delineate the NS5 into 35 distinct species-level clusters, contained within four novel candidate genera. One candidate species, “Arcticimaribacter forsetii AHE01FL”, includes a novel cultured isolate, for which we provide a complete genome sequence—the first of an NS5—along with morphological insights using transmission electron microscopy. Assessing species’ spatial distribution dynamics across the Tara Oceans dataset, we identify depth as a key influencing factor, with 32 species preferring surface waters, as well as distinct patterns in relation to temperature, oxygen and salinity. Each species harbours a unique substrate-degradation potential along with predicted substrates conserved at the genus-level, e.g. alginate in NS5_F. Successional dynamics were observed for three species in a time-series dataset, likely driven by specialised substrate adaptations. We propose that the ecological niche partitioning of NS5 species is mainly based on specific abiotic factors, which define the niche space, and substrate availability that drive the species-specific temporal dynamics.
Collapse
|
15
|
Vadillo Gonzalez S, Clark GF, Johnston EL, Turney CSM, Fogwill CJ, Steinberg PD, Marzinelli EM. Spatial variation in microbial communities associated with sea-ice algae in Commonwealth Bay, East Antarctica. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168. [PMID: 35416764 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antarctic sea-ice forms a complex and dynamic system that drives many ecological processes in the Southern Ocean. Sea-ice microalgae and their associated microbial communities are understood to influence nutrient flow and allocation in marine polar environments. Sea-ice microalgae and their microbiota can have high seasonal and regional (>1000 km2) compositional and abundance variation, driven by factors modulating their growth, symbiotic interactions and function. In contrast, our knowledge of small-scale variation in these communities is limited. Understanding variation across multiple scales and its potential drivers is critical for informing on how multiple stressors impact sea-ice communities and the functions they provide. Here, we characterized bacterial communities associated with sea-ice microalgae and the potential drivers that influence their variation across a range of spatial scales (metres to >10 kms) in a previously understudied area in Commonwealth Bay, East Antarctica where anomalous events have substantially and rapidly expanded local sea-ice coverage. We found a higher abundance and different composition of bacterial communities living in sea-ice microalgae closer to the shore compared to those further from the coast. Variation in community structure increased linearly with distance between samples. Ice thickness and depth to the seabed were found to be poor predictors of these communities. Further research on the small-scale environmental drivers influencing these communities is needed to fully understand how large-scale regional events can affect local function and ecosystem processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vadillo Gonzalez
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia
| | - Graeme F Clark
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2025, Australia
| | - Emma L Johnston
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2025, Australia
| | - Chris S M Turney
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2025, Australia.,University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Christopher J Fogwill
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.,School of Water, Energy and Environment, Building 52a, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia.,School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2025, Australia.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Amiraux R, Patricia B, Christopher B, Jean-François R. Use of Stress Signals of Their Attached Bacteria to Monitor Sympagic Algae Preservation in Canadian Arctic Sediments. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122626. [PMID: 34946228 PMCID: PMC8704379 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the strong aggregation of sympagic (ice-associated) algae and the high mortality or inactivity of bacteria attached to them, it was previously hypothesized that sympagic algae should be significant contributors to the export of carbon to Arctic sediments. In the present work, the lipid content of 30 sediment samples collected in the Canadian Arctic was investigated to test this hypothesis. The detection of high proportions of trans vaccenic fatty acid (resulting from cis-trans isomerase (CTI) activity of bacteria under hypersaline conditions) and 10S-hydroxyhexadec-8(trans)-enoic acid (resulting from 10S-DOX bacterial detoxification activity in the presence of deleterious free palmitoleic acid) confirmed: (i) the strong contribution of sympagic material to some Arctic sediments, and (ii) the impaired physiological status of its associated bacterial communities. Unlike terrestrial material, sympagic algae that had escaped zooplanktonic grazing appeared relatively preserved from biotic degradation in Arctic sediments. The expected reduction in sea ice cover resulting from global warming should cause a shift in the relative contributions of ice-associated vs. pelagic algae to the seafloor, and thus to a strong modification of the carbon cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Amiraux
- CNRS/INSU/IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, Aix-Marseille University, Université de Toulon, 13288 Marseille, France; (R.A.); (B.P.); (B.C.)
- UMR 6539 Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin, (CNRS, UBO, IRD, Ifremer) Institut, Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), 29280 Plouzané, France
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Département de Biologie, Laval University (Canada)—CNRS, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Bonin Patricia
- CNRS/INSU/IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, Aix-Marseille University, Université de Toulon, 13288 Marseille, France; (R.A.); (B.P.); (B.C.)
| | - Burot Christopher
- CNRS/INSU/IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, Aix-Marseille University, Université de Toulon, 13288 Marseille, France; (R.A.); (B.P.); (B.C.)
| | - Rontani Jean-François
- CNRS/INSU/IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, Aix-Marseille University, Université de Toulon, 13288 Marseille, France; (R.A.); (B.P.); (B.C.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wietz M, Bienhold C, Metfies K, Torres-Valdés S, von Appen WJ, Salter I, Boetius A. The polar night shift: seasonal dynamics and drivers of Arctic Ocean microbiomes revealed by autonomous sampling. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:76. [PMID: 37938651 PMCID: PMC9723606 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-021-00074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic Ocean features extreme seasonal differences in daylight, temperature, ice cover, and mixed layer depth. However, the diversity and ecology of microbes across these contrasting environmental conditions remain enigmatic. Here, using autonomous samplers and sensors deployed at two mooring sites, we portray an annual cycle of microbial diversity, nutrient concentrations and physical oceanography in the major hydrographic regimes of the Fram Strait. The ice-free West Spitsbergen Current displayed a marked separation into a productive summer (dominated by diatoms and carbohydrate-degrading bacteria) and regenerative winter state (dominated by heterotrophic Syndiniales, radiolarians, chemoautotrophic bacteria, and archaea). The autumn post-bloom with maximal nutrient depletion featured Coscinodiscophyceae, Rhodobacteraceae (e.g. Amylibacter) and the SAR116 clade. Winter replenishment of nitrate, silicate and phosphate, linked to vertical mixing and a unique microbiome that included Magnetospiraceae and Dadabacteriales, fueled the following phytoplankton bloom. The spring-summer succession of Phaeocystis, Grammonema and Thalassiosira coincided with ephemeral peaks of Aurantivirga, Formosa, Polaribacter and NS lineages, indicating metabolic relationships. In the East Greenland Current, deeper sampling depth, ice cover and polar water masses concurred with weaker seasonality and a stronger heterotrophic signature. The ice-related winter microbiome comprised Bacillaria, Naviculales, Polarella, Chrysophyceae and Flavobacterium ASVs. Low ice cover and advection of Atlantic Water coincided with diminished abundances of chemoautotrophic bacteria while others such as Phaeocystis increased, suggesting that Atlantification alters microbiome structure and eventually the biological carbon pump. These insights promote the understanding of microbial seasonality and polar night ecology in the Arctic Ocean, a region severely affected by climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wietz
- Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Christina Bienhold
- Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Katja Metfies
- Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Sinhué Torres-Valdés
- Marine BioGeoScience, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Wilken-Jon von Appen
- Physical Oceanography of the Polar Seas, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ian Salter
- Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Faroe Marine Research Institute, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Antje Boetius
- Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Currie AA, Marshall AJ, Lohrer AM, Cummings VJ, Seabrook S, Cary SC. Sea Ice Dynamics Drive Benthic Microbial Communities in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:745915. [PMID: 34777294 PMCID: PMC8581541 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.745915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is driving dramatic variability in sea ice dynamics, a key driver in polar marine ecosystems. Projected changes in Antarctica suggest that regional warming will force dramatic shifts in sea ice thickness and persistence, altering sea ice-associated primary production and deposition to the seafloor. To improve our understanding of the impacts of sea ice change on benthic ecosystems, we directly compared the benthic microbial communities underlying first-year sea ice (FYI) and multi-year sea ice (MYI). Using two tractable coastal habitats in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, where FYI (Cape Evans) and MYI (New Harbour) prevail, we show that the structure and composition of the benthic microbial communities reflect the legacy of sea ice dynamics. At Cape Evans, an enrichment of known heterotrophic algal polysaccharide degrading taxa (e.g., Flavobacteriaceae, unclassified Gammaproteobacteria, and Rubritaleaceae) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (e.g., Desulfocapsaceae) correlated with comparatively higher chlorophyll a (14.2±0.8μgg-1) and total organic carbon content (0.33%±0.04), reflecting increased productivity and seafloor deposition beneath FYI. Conversely, at New Harbour, an enrichment of known archaeal (e.g., Nitrosopumilaceae) and bacterial (e.g., Woeseiaceae and Nitrospiraceae) chemoautotrophs was common in sediments with considerably lower chlorophyll a (1.0±0.24μgg-1) and total organic carbon content (0.17%±0.01), reflecting restricted productivity beneath MYI. We also report evidence of a submarine discharge of sub-permafrost brine from Taylor Valley into New Harbour. By comparing our two study sites, we show that under current climate-warming scenarios, changes to sea ice productivity and seafloor deposition are likely to initiate major shifts in benthic microbial communities, with heterotrophic organic matter degradation processes becoming increasingly important. This study provides the first assessment of how legacy sea ice conditions influence benthic microbial communities in Antarctica, contributing insight into sea ice-benthic coupling and ecosystem functioning in a polar environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh A Currie
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Environmental Research Institute, International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Alexis J Marshall
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Environmental Research Institute, International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Andrew M Lohrer
- National Institute of Water and Atmosphere, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Vonda J Cummings
- National Institute of Water and Atmosphere, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Seabrook
- National Institute of Water and Atmosphere, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - S Craig Cary
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Environmental Research Institute, International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fadeev E, Rogge A, Ramondenc S, Nöthig EM, Wekerle C, Bienhold C, Salter I, Waite AM, Hehemann L, Boetius A, Iversen MH. Sea ice presence is linked to higher carbon export and vertical microbial connectivity in the Eurasian Arctic Ocean. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1255. [PMID: 34732822 PMCID: PMC8566512 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02776-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arctic Ocean sea ice cover is shrinking due to warming. Long-term sediment trap data shows higher export efficiency of particulate organic carbon in regions with seasonal sea ice compared to regions without sea ice. To investigate this sea-ice enhanced export, we compared how different early summer phytoplankton communities in seasonally ice-free and ice-covered regions of the Fram Strait affect carbon export and vertical dispersal of microbes. In situ collected aggregates revealed two-fold higher carbon export of diatom-rich aggregates in ice-covered regions, compared to Phaeocystis aggregates in the ice-free region. Using microbial source tracking, we found that ice-covered regions were also associated with more surface-born microbial clades exported to the deep sea. Taken together, our results showed that ice-covered regions are responsible for high export efficiency and provide strong vertical microbial connectivity. Therefore, continuous sea-ice loss may decrease the vertical export efficiency, and thus the pelagic-benthic coupling, with potential repercussions for Arctic deep-sea ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Fadeev
- grid.10894.340000 0001 1033 7684Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany ,grid.419529.20000 0004 0491 3210Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, D-28359 Bremen, Germany ,grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Present Address: Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Rogge
- grid.10894.340000 0001 1033 7684Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany ,grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Institute for Ecosystem Research, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Ramondenc
- grid.10894.340000 0001 1033 7684Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Nöthig
- grid.10894.340000 0001 1033 7684Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Claudia Wekerle
- grid.10894.340000 0001 1033 7684Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Christina Bienhold
- grid.10894.340000 0001 1033 7684Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany ,grid.419529.20000 0004 0491 3210Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ian Salter
- grid.10894.340000 0001 1033 7684Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany ,grid.424612.7Faroe Marine Research Institute, FO 100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Anya M. Waite
- grid.10894.340000 0001 1033 7684Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany ,Ocean Frontier Institute, NS, B3H 4R2 Halifax, Canada
| | - Laura Hehemann
- grid.10894.340000 0001 1033 7684Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Antje Boetius
- grid.10894.340000 0001 1033 7684Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany ,grid.419529.20000 0004 0491 3210Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, D-28359 Bremen, Germany ,grid.7704.40000 0001 2297 4381MARUM and University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Morten H. Iversen
- grid.10894.340000 0001 1033 7684Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany ,grid.7704.40000 0001 2297 4381MARUM and University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jain A, Balmonte JP, Singh R, Bhaskar PV, Krishnan KP. Spatially resolved assembly, connectivity and structure of particle-associated and free-living bacterial communities in a high Arctic fjord. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:fiab139. [PMID: 34626180 PMCID: PMC8536490 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly processes that underlie the composition and connectivity of free-living (FL) and particle-associated (PA) bacterial communities from surface to deep waters remain little understood. Here, using phylogenetic null modeling, we quantify the relative influence of selective and stochastic mechanisms that assemble FL and PA bacterial communities throughout the water column in a high Arctic fjord. We demonstrate that assembly processes acting on FL and PA bacterial communities are similar in surface waters, but become increasingly distinct in deep waters. As depth increases, the relative influence of homogeneous selection increases for FL but decreases for PA communities. In addition, dispersal limitation and variable selection increase with depth for PA, but not for FL communities, indicating increased residence time of taxa on particles and less frequent decolonization. As a consequence, beta diversity of PA communities is greater in bottom than in surface waters. The limited connectivity between these communities with increasing depth leads to highly distinct FL and PA bacterial communities in bottom waters. Finally, depth-related trends for FL and PA beta diversity and connectivity in this study are consistent with previous observations in the open ocean, suggesting that assembly processes for FL and PA bacterial communities may also be distinct in other aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Jain
- Arctic Ecology and Biogeochemistry, National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Vasco da Gama 403 804, Goa, India
| | - John Paul Balmonte
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden
- HADAL and NordCEE, Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Richa Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Parli Venkateswaran Bhaskar
- Ocean Science Group, National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Vasco da Gama 403 804, Goa, India
| | - Kottekkatu Padinchati Krishnan
- Arctic Ecology and Biogeochemistry, National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Vasco da Gama 403 804, Goa, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rapp JZ, Sullivan MB, Deming JW. Divergent Genomic Adaptations in the Microbiomes of Arctic Subzero Sea-Ice and Cryopeg Brines. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:701186. [PMID: 34367102 PMCID: PMC8339730 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.701186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Subzero hypersaline brines are liquid microbial habitats within otherwise frozen environments, where concentrated dissolved salts prevent freezing. Such extreme conditions presumably require unique microbial adaptations, and possibly altered ecologies, but specific strategies remain largely unknown. Here we examined prokaryotic taxonomic and functional diversity in two seawater-derived subzero hypersaline brines: first-year sea ice, subject to seasonally fluctuating conditions; and ancient cryopeg, under relatively stable conditions geophysically isolated in permafrost. Overall, both taxonomic composition and functional potential were starkly different. Taxonomically, sea-ice brine communities (∼105 cells mL–1) had greater richness, more diversity and were dominated by bacterial genera, including Polaribacter, Paraglaciecola, Colwellia, and Glaciecola, whereas the more densely inhabited cryopeg brines (∼108 cells mL–1) lacked these genera and instead were dominated by Marinobacter. Functionally, however, sea ice encoded fewer accessory traits and lower average genomic copy numbers for shared traits, though DNA replication and repair were elevated; in contrast, microbes in cryopeg brines had greater genetic versatility with elevated abundances of accessory traits involved in sensing, responding to environmental cues, transport, mobile elements (transposases and plasmids), toxin-antitoxin systems, and type VI secretion systems. Together these genomic features suggest adaptations and capabilities of sea-ice communities manifesting at the community level through seasonal ecological succession, whereas the denser cryopeg communities appear adapted to intense bacterial competition, leaving fewer genera to dominate with brine-specific adaptations and social interactions that sacrifice some members for the benefit of others. Such cryopeg genomic traits provide insight into how long-term environmental stability may enable life to survive extreme conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Z Rapp
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Matthew B Sullivan
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Center of Microbiome Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jody W Deming
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fadeev E, Cardozo-Mino MG, Rapp JZ, Bienhold C, Salter I, Salman-Carvalho V, Molari M, Tegetmeyer HE, Buttigieg PL, Boetius A. Comparison of Two 16S rRNA Primers (V3-V4 and V4-V5) for Studies of Arctic Microbial Communities. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:637526. [PMID: 33664723 PMCID: PMC7920977 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.637526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities of the Arctic Ocean are poorly characterized in comparison to other aquatic environments as to their horizontal, vertical, and temporal turnover. Yet, recent studies showed that the Arctic marine ecosystem harbors unique microbial community members that are adapted to harsh environmental conditions, such as near-freezing temperatures and extreme seasonality. The gene for the small ribosomal subunit (16S rRNA) is commonly used to study the taxonomic composition of microbial communities in their natural environment. Several primer sets for this marker gene have been extensively tested across various sample sets, but these typically originated from low-latitude environments. An explicit evaluation of primer-set performances in representing the microbial communities of the Arctic Ocean is currently lacking. To select a suitable primer set for studying microbiomes of various Arctic marine habitats (sea ice, surface water, marine snow, deep ocean basin, and deep-sea sediment), we have conducted a performance comparison between two widely used primer sets, targeting different hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4 and V4-V5). We observed that both primer sets were highly similar in representing the total microbial community composition down to genus rank, which was also confirmed independently by subgroup-specific catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) counts. Each primer set revealed higher internal diversity within certain bacterial taxonomic groups (e.g., the class Bacteroidia by V3-V4, and the phylum Planctomycetes by V4-V5). However, the V4-V5 primer set provides concurrent coverage of the archaeal domain, a relevant component comprising 10-20% of the community in Arctic deep waters and the sediment. Although both primer sets perform similarly, we suggest the use of the V4-V5 primer set for the integration of both bacterial and archaeal community dynamics in the Arctic marine environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Fadeev
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Magda G. Cardozo-Mino
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Josephine Z. Rapp
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Christina Bienhold
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ian Salter
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Faroe Marine Research Institute, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Verena Salman-Carvalho
- Department of Microbiology, Morrill Science Center IVN, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | | | - Halina E. Tegetmeyer
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Pier Luigi Buttigieg
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antje Boetius
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- MARUM, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Walker AM, Leigh MB, Mincks SL. Patterns in Benthic Microbial Community Structure Across Environmental Gradients in the Beaufort Sea Shelf and Slope. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:581124. [PMID: 33584606 PMCID: PMC7876419 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.581124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of tight pelagic-benthic coupling in the Arctic suggests that current and future fluctuations in sea ice, primary production, and riverine input resulting from global climate change will have major impacts on benthic ecosystems. To understand how these changes will affect benthic ecosystem function, we must characterize diversity, spatial distribution, and community composition for all faunal components. Bacteria and archaea link the biotic and abiotic realms, playing important roles in organic matter (OM) decomposition, biogeochemical cycling, and contaminant degradation, yet sediment microbial communities have rarely been examined in the North American Arctic. Shifts in microbial community structure and composition occur with shifts in OM inputs and contaminant exposure, with implications for shifts in ecological function. Furthermore, the characterization of benthic microbial communities provides a foundation from which to build focused experimental research. We assessed diversity and community structure of benthic prokaryotes in the upper 1 cm of sediments in the southern Beaufort Sea (United States and Canada), and investigated environmental correlates of prokaryotic community structure over a broad spatial scale (spanning 1,229 km) at depths ranging from 17 to 1,200 m. Based on hierarchical clustering, we identified four prokaryotic assemblages from the 85 samples analyzed. Two were largely delineated by the markedly different environmental conditions in shallow shelf vs. upper continental slope sediments. A third assemblage was mainly comprised of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) shared between the shallow shelf and upper slope assemblages. The fourth assemblage corresponded to sediments receiving heavier OM loading, likely resulting in a shallower anoxic layer. These sites may also harbor microbial mats and/or methane seeps. Substructure within these assemblages generally reflected turnover along a longitudinal gradient, which may be related to the quantity and composition of OM deposited to the seafloor; bathymetry and the Mackenzie River were the two major factors influencing prokaryote distribution on this scale. In a broader geographical context, differences in prokaryotic community structure between the Beaufort Sea and Norwegian Arctic suggest that benthic microbes may reflect regional differences in the hydrography, biogeochemistry, and bathymetry of Arctic shelf systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Walker
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Mary Beth Leigh
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Sarah L Mincks
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Physiological and Molecular Responses to Main Environmental Stressors of Microalgae and Bacteria in Polar Marine Environments. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121957. [PMID: 33317109 PMCID: PMC7764121 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arctic and Antarctic regions constitute 14% of the total biosphere. Although they differ in their physiographic characteristics, both are strongly affected by snow and ice cover changes, extreme photoperiods and low temperatures, and are still largely unexplored compared to more accessible sites. This review focuses on microalgae and bacteria from polar marine environments and, in particular, on their physiological and molecular responses to harsh environmental conditions. The data reported in this manuscript show that exposure to cold, increase in CO2 concentration and salinity, high/low light, and/or combination of stressors induce variations in species abundance and distribution for both polar bacteria and microalgae, as well as changes in growth rate and increase in cryoprotective compounds. The use of -omics techniques also allowed to identify specific gene losses and gains which could have contributed to polar environmental adaptation, and metabolic shifts, especially related to lipid metabolism and defence systems, such as the up-regulation of ice binding proteins, chaperones and antioxidant enzymes. However, this review also provides evidence that -omics resources for polar species are still few and several sequences still have unknown functions, highlighting the need to further explore polar environments, the biology and ecology of the inhabiting bacteria and microalgae, and their interactions.
Collapse
|
25
|
Nöthig EM, Lalande C, Fahl K, Metfies K, Salter I, Bauerfeind E. Annual cycle of downward particle fluxes on each side of the Gakkel Ridge in the central Arctic Ocean. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190368. [PMID: 32862819 PMCID: PMC7481669 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Two mooring arrays carrying sediment traps were deployed from September 2011 to August 2012 at ∼83°N on each side of the Gakkel Ridge in the Nansen and Amundsen Basins to measure downward particle flux below the euphotic zone (approx. 250 m) and approximately 150 m above seafloor at approximately 3500 and 4000 m depth, respectively. In a region that still experiences nearly complete ice cover throughout the year, export fluxes of total particulate matter (TPM), particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate nitrogen (PN), biogenic matter, lithogenic matter, biogenic particulate silica (bPSi), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), protists and biomarkers only slightly decreased with depth. Seasonal variations of particulate matter fluxes were similar on both sides of the Gakkel Ridge. Somewhat higher export rates in the Amundsen Basin and differences in the composition of the sinking TPM and bPSi on each side of the Gakkel Ridge probably reflected the influence of the Lena River/Transpolar Drift in the Amundsen Basin and the influence of Atlantic water in the Nansen Basin. Low variations in particle export with depth revealed a limited influence of lateral advection in the deep barren Eurasian Basin. This article is part of the theme issue 'The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Nöthig
- Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven, Bremen 27570, Germany
- e-mail:
| | - Catherine Lalande
- Amundsen Science, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, CanadaG1 V 0A6
| | - Kirsten Fahl
- Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven, Bremen 27570, Germany
| | - Katja Metfies
- Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven, Bremen 27570, Germany
| | - Ian Salter
- Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven, Bremen 27570, Germany
- Faroe Marine Research Institute, Tørshaven, Faroe Islands
| | - Eduard Bauerfeind
- Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven, Bremen 27570, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhong ZP, Rapp JZ, Wainaina JM, Solonenko NE, Maughan H, Carpenter SD, Cooper ZS, Jang HB, Bolduc B, Deming JW, Sullivan MB. Viral Ecogenomics of Arctic Cryopeg Brine and Sea Ice. mSystems 2020; 5:e00246-20. [PMID: 32546670 PMCID: PMC7300359 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00246-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Arctic regions, which are changing rapidly as they warm 2 to 3 times faster than the global average, still retain microbial habitats that serve as natural laboratories for understanding mechanisms of microbial adaptation to extreme conditions. Seawater-derived brines within both sea ice (sea-ice brine) and ancient layers of permafrost (cryopeg brine) support diverse microbes adapted to subzero temperatures and high salinities, yet little is known about viruses in these extreme environments, which, if analogous to other systems, could play important evolutionary and ecosystem roles. Here, we characterized viral communities and their functions in samples of cryopeg brine, sea-ice brine, and melted sea ice. Viral abundance was high in cryopeg brine (1.2 × 108 ml-1) and much lower in sea-ice brine (1.3 × 105 to 2.1 × 105 ml-1), which roughly paralleled the differences in cell concentrations in these samples. Five low-input, quantitative viral metagenomes were sequenced to yield 476 viral populations (i.e., species level; ≥10 kb), only 12% of which could be assigned taxonomy by traditional database approaches, indicating a high degree of novelty. Additional analyses revealed that these viruses: (i) formed communities that differed between sample type and vertically with sea-ice depth; (ii) infected hosts that dominated these extreme ecosystems, including Marinobacter, Glaciecola, and Colwellia; and (iii) encoded fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes that likely helped their hosts overcome cold and salt stress during infection, as well as mediated horizontal gene transfer of FAD genes between microbes. Together, these findings contribute to understanding viral abundances and communities and how viruses impact their microbial hosts in subzero brines and sea ice.IMPORTANCE This study explores viral community structure and function in remote and extreme Arctic environments, including subzero brines within marine layers of permafrost and sea ice, using a modern viral ecogenomics toolkit for the first time. In addition to providing foundational data sets for these climate-threatened habitats, we found evidence that the viruses had habitat specificity, infected dominant microbial hosts, encoded host-derived metabolic genes, and mediated horizontal gene transfer among hosts. These results advance our understanding of the virosphere and how viruses influence extreme ecosystems. More broadly, the evidence that virally mediated gene transfers may be limited by host range in these extreme habitats contributes to a mechanistic understanding of genetic exchange among microbes under stressful conditions in other systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ping Zhong
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Josephine Z Rapp
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James M Wainaina
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Shelly D Carpenter
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Zachary S Cooper
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ho Bin Jang
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin Bolduc
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jody W Deming
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew B Sullivan
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cooper ZS, Rapp JZ, Carpenter SD, Iwahana G, Eicken H, Deming JW. Distinctive microbial communities in subzero hypersaline brines from Arctic coastal sea ice and rarely sampled cryopegs. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5593952. [PMID: 31626297 PMCID: PMC6859516 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypersaline aqueous environments at subzero temperatures are known to be inhabited by microorganisms, yet information on community structure in subzero brines is very limited. Near Utqiaġvik, Alaska, we sampled subzero brines (–6°C, 115–140 ppt) from cryopegs, i.e. unfrozen sediments within permafrost that contain relic (late Pleistocene) seawater brine, as well as nearby sea-ice brines to examine microbial community composition and diversity using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We also quantified the communities microscopically and assessed environmental parameters as possible determinants of community structure. The cryopeg brines harbored surprisingly dense bacterial communities (up to 108 cells mL–1) and millimolar levels of dissolved and particulate organic matter, extracellular polysaccharides and ammonia. Community composition and diversity differed between the two brine environments by alpha- and beta-diversity indices, with cryopeg brine communities appearing less diverse and dominated by one strain of the genus Marinobacter, also detected in other cold, hypersaline environments, including sea ice. The higher density and trend toward lower diversity in the cryopeg communities suggest that long-term stability and other features of a subzero brine are more important selective forces than in situ temperature or salinity, even when the latter are extreme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Cooper
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, P.O. Box 357940 Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Josephine Z Rapp
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, P.O. Box 357940 Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shelly D Carpenter
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, P.O. Box 357940 Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Go Iwahana
- International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Hajo Eicken
- International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Jody W Deming
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, P.O. Box 357940 Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Quero GM, Celussi M, Relitti F, Kovačević V, Del Negro P, Luna GM. Inorganic and Organic Carbon Uptake Processes and Their Connection to Microbial Diversity in Meso- and Bathypelagic Arctic Waters (Eastern Fram Strait). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 79:823-839. [PMID: 31728602 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The deep Arctic Ocean is increasingly vulnerable to climate change effects, yet our understanding of its microbial processes is limited. We collected samples from shelf waters, mesopelagic Atlantic Waters (AW) and bathypelagic Norwegian Sea Deep Waters (NSDW) in the eastern Fram Strait, along coast-to-offshore transects off Svalbard during boreal summer. We measured community respiration, heterotrophic carbon production (HCP), and dissolved inorganic carbon utilization (DICu) together with prokaryotic abundance, diversity, and metagenomic predictions. In deep samples, HCP was significantly faster in AW than in NSDW, while we observed no differences in DICu rates. Organic carbon uptake was higher than its inorganic counterpart, suggesting a major reliance of deep microbial Arctic communities on heterotrophic metabolism. Community structure and spatial distribution followed the hydrography of water masses. Distinct from other oceans, the most abundant OTU in our deep samples was represented by the archaeal MG-II. To address the potential biogeochemical role of each water mass-specific microbial community, as well as their link with the measured rates, PICRUSt-based predicted metagenomes were built. The results showed that pathways of auto- and heterotrophic carbon utilization differed between the deep water masses, although this was not reflected in measured DICu rates. Our findings provide new insights to understand microbial processes and diversity in the dark Arctic Ocean and to progress toward a better comprehension of the biogeochemical cycles and their trends in light of climate changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Marina Quero
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Napoli, Italy
- Istituto per le Risorse Biologiche e le Biotecnologie Marine (CNR-IRBIM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Celussi
- Oceanography Division, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Federica Relitti
- Oceanography Division, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Vedrana Kovačević
- Oceanography Division, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Del Negro
- Oceanography Division, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Luna
- Istituto per le Risorse Biologiche e le Biotecnologie Marine (CNR-IRBIM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hassett BT. A Widely Distributed Thraustochytrid Parasite of Diatoms Isolated from the Arctic Represents a gen. and sp. nov. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2020; 67:480-490. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon T. Hassett
- UiT Norges arktiske universtiet, BFE, NFH bygget Framstredet 6 9019 Tromsø Norway
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Latitudinal Distributions and Controls of Bacterial Community Composition during the Summer of 2017 in Western Arctic Surface Waters (from the Bering Strait to the Chukchi Borderland). Sci Rep 2019; 9:16822. [PMID: 31727995 PMCID: PMC6856522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The western Arctic Ocean is experiencing some of the most rapid environmental changes in the Arctic. However, little is known about the microbial community response to these changes. Employing observations from the summer of 2017, this study investigated latitudinal variations in bacterial community composition in surface waters between the Bering Strait and Chukchi Borderland and the factors driving the changes. Results indicate three distinctive communities. Southern Chukchi bacterial communities are associated with nutrient rich conditions, including genera such as Sulfitobacter, whereas the northern Chukchi bacterial community is dominated by SAR clades, Flavobacterium, Paraglaciecola, and Polaribacter genera associated with low nutrients and sea ice conditions. The frontal region, located on the boundary between the southern and northern Chukchi, is a transition zone with intermediate physical and biogeochemical properties; however, bacterial communities differed markedly from those found to the north and south. In the transition zone, Sphingomonas, with as yet undetermined ecological characteristics, are relatively abundant. Latitudinal distributions in bacterial community composition are mainly attributed to physical and biogeochemical characteristics, suggesting that these communities are susceptible to Arctic environmental changes. These findings provide a foundation to improve understanding of bacterial community variations in response to a rapidly changing Arctic Ocean.
Collapse
|
31
|
Balmonte JP, Buckley A, Hoarfrost A, Ghobrial S, Ziervogel K, Teske A, Arnosti C. Community structural differences shape microbial responses to high molecular weight organic matter. Environ Microbiol 2018; 21:557-571. [PMID: 30452115 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The extent to which differences in microbial community structure result in variations in organic matter (OM) degradation is not well understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that distinct marine microbial communities from North Atlantic surface and bottom waters would exhibit varying compositional succession and functional shifts in response to the same pool of complex high molecular weight (HMW-OM). We also hypothesized that microbial communities would produce a broader spectrum of enzymes upon exposure to HMW-OM, indicating a greater potential to degrade these compounds than reflected by initial enzymatic activities. Our results show that community succession in amended mesocosms was congruent with cell growth, increased bacterial production and most notably, with substantial shifts in enzymatic activities. In all amended mesocosms, closely related taxa that were initially rare became dominant at time frames during which a broader spectrum of active enzymes were detected compared to initial timepoints, indicating a similar response among different communities. However, succession on the whole-community level, and the rates, spectra and progression of enzymatic activities, reveal robust differences among distinct communities from discrete water masses. These results underscore the crucial role of rare bacterial taxa in ocean carbon cycling and the importance of bacterial community structure for HMW-OM degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Balmonte
- Department of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Andrew Buckley
- Department of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Adrienne Hoarfrost
- Department of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sherif Ghobrial
- Department of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kai Ziervogel
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Andreas Teske
- Department of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Carol Arnosti
- Department of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Balmonte JP, Teske A, Arnosti C. Structure and function of high Arctic pelagic, particle‐associated and benthic bacterial communities. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:2941-2954. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Balmonte
- Department of Marine Sciences The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 3202 Venable Hall, Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Andreas Teske
- Department of Marine Sciences The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 3202 Venable Hall, Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Carol Arnosti
- Department of Marine Sciences The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 3202 Venable Hall, Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| |
Collapse
|