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Zhao Q, Li F, Huang S, Xing X, Sun Y, Li P, Bao H, Fu Y, Sun P, Bai X, Yuan H, Ma X, Zhao Z, Zhang J, Wang J, Wang T, Li D, Zhang Q, Qian P, Cao Y, Li K, Li X, Lu Z. Remapping the spatial distribution of neutralizing sites and their immunodominance on the capsid of different topotypes of FMDV serotype O by site-directed competitive ELISA for detection of neutralizing antibodies. Microbiol Spectr 2025:e0334424. [PMID: 40372081 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03344-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025] Open
Abstract
The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O contains at least five neutralizing antigenic sites, yet the structural relationship and antibody abundance remain poorly characterized. This study identifies six distinct neutralizing antigenic sites by evaluating 27 host-derived neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). These sites include the VP1 G-H loop, VP1 C-terminus, site 2, site 4, site 6, and site 7. Notably, classical sites 1 and 5 were reclassified into the VP1 G-H loop and VP1 C-terminus classes. Sites 2 and 4 align with classical classifications, targeting independent epitopes on VP2 and VP3, respectively. We identified two novel sites: site 6, which involves extensive interactions with the G-H loop, C-terminus of VP1 and VP3, and site 7, which interacts with both VP2 and VP3. Sera from cattle, sheep, and pigs immunized with four serotype O lineages (O/SCGH/2016, O/Mya/98, O/Tibet/99, and O/XJ/2017) were used to evaluate the immunodominance of these sites. NAb responses favored site 4 for O/SCGH/2016 and the VP1 G-H loop for O/XJ/2017. Immunization effectiveness varied by strains and host species: O/XJ/2017 and O/Tibet/99 were effective in sheep, while O/Mya/98 showed reduced efficacy; O/Tibet/99 showed good immunogenicity in pigs. No significant differences were observed in cattle. There is a strong correlation (r = 0.8693) between NAb levels at site 6 and virus neutralization tests, suggesting its potential for use in alternative testing methods. This study describes the spatial distribution of neutralizing sites and highlights strain-specific immunodominant epitopes and differential antibody responses across species, providing valuable insights for FMD prevention and control. IMPORTANCE The antigenic structure of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O is complex, and the immunodominant epitopes among different lineages remain poorly understood. This study classified the capsid surface epitopes into six distinct antigenic sites utilizing 27 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) by paired competitive ELISAs (cELISAs). High-affinity NAbs were selected for site-directed cELISAs to assess antibody abundance in serum from cattle, sheep, and pigs vaccinated with various inactivated FMDV serotype O vaccines. Additionally, liquid-phase blocking ELISA (LPBE) and virus neutralization test (VNT) were employed to measure total antibody and NAb titers. Results indicated that immunodominant sites vary among different strains, with each strain exhibiting different immunogenicity across the three animal species. Notably, antibody titers from NAb pO18-10, targeting site 6 on VP1 and VP3, correlated strongly with VNT results. This study provides comprehensive insights into the antigenic structure of FMDV serotype O and lays the groundwork for developing new methods to detect NAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fengjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shulun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangchuan Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huifang Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanfang Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingwen Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhixun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yimei Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zengjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Zhao J, Xiao P, Xin A, Zhu H, Wang H, Xiao J, Gao H. Preliminary evaluation of a novel serotype O foot-and-mouth disease mRNA vaccine. Front Microbiol 2025; 16:1503191. [PMID: 40356647 PMCID: PMC12067417 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1503191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the most significant animal pathogens worldwide, severely impacting the health and productivity of pigs, cattle, sheep, and other ungulates. Although the traditional vaccines have played a crucial role in epidemic control, inactivated vaccines face persistent challenges concerning the potential for virus dissemination and pressures from serotype and subtype matching. However, the manufacture of attenuated vaccines is forbidden, and the efficiency of alternative vaccines for immune protection is still inadequate. Consequently, there exists an urgent need for safer and more effective innovative vaccines in animal husbandry. In this study, we aimed to develop a lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccine based on VP1-3A-3D epitopes from serotype O FMD and to verify its specific expression within cytoplasmic and injection sites. Our findings demonstrated that mRNA transfected into primary spleen cells derived from guinea pigs induced cytokine release, promoted differentiation of both CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and enhanced lymphocyte proliferation rates. Following immunization of mRNA vaccine in guinea pigs, we observed increased differentiation of both CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, alongside elevated levels of cytokine secretion. Additionally, this vaccination induced the production of specific IgG antibodies as well as neutralizing antibodies. Importantly, our vaccine provided complete protection for all six guinea pigs against a lethal challenge of 100 GPID50, with histopathological scores indicating protection equivalent to that conferred by the inactivated vaccine. The viral load results demonstrated that the vaccine group significantly reduced viral copy numbers in serum and effectively decreased the concentration of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Furthermore, during the pre-immune phase following vaccination with the mRNA vaccine in pigs, heightened cytokine secretion was observed, along with the inhibition of viral replication. Simultaneously, the neutralizing antibody titer in the serum remained stable over 4 months. Immunofluorescence analysis of spleen tissues from both guinea pigs and pigs demonstrated marked activation and increased expression of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as macrophages, in the mRNA vaccine group. In summary, this study suggests that the serotype O FMD mRNA vaccine is a promising candidate for further development in the fight against FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Aiguo Xin
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Kunming, China
- National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Para-Reference Laboratory (Kunming), Yunnan Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Heran Zhu
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Kunming, China
- National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Para-Reference Laboratory (Kunming), Yunnan Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinlong Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Tommeurd W, Thueng-in K, Theerawatanasirikul S, Tuyapala N, Poonsuk S, Petcharat N, Thangthamniyom N, Lekcharoensuk P. Identification of Conserved Linear Epitopes on Viral Protein 2 of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O by Monoclonal Antibodies 6F4.D11.B6 and 8D6.B9.C3. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:67. [PMID: 39189238 PMCID: PMC11348169 DOI: 10.3390/antib13030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious disease of cloven-hoofed animals with a significant economic impact. Early diagnosis and effective prevention and control could reduce the spread of the disease which could possibly minimize economic losses. Epitope characterization based on monoclonal antibodies provide essential information for developing diagnostic assays and vaccine designs. In this study, monoclonal antibodies raised against FMD virus (FMDV) were produced. Sixty-six monoclonal antibodies demonstrated strong reactivity and specificity to FMDV. The purified monoclonal antibodies were further used for bio-panning to select phage expressing specific epitopes from phage-displayed 12 mer-peptide library. The phage peptide sequences were analyzed using multiple sequence alignment and evaluated by peptide ELISA. Two hybridoma clones secreted monoclonal antibodies recognizing linear epitopes on VP2 of FMDV serotype O. The non-neutralizing monoclonal antibody 6F4.D11.B6 recognized the residues 67-78 on antigenic site 2 resinding in VP2, while the neutralizing monoclonal antibody 8D6.B9.C3 recognized a novel linear epitope encompassing residues 115-126 on VP2. This information and the FMDV-specific monoclonal antibodies provide valuable sources for further study and application in diagnosis, therapeutics and vaccine designs to strengthen the disease prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wantanee Tommeurd
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, The Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (W.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Kanyarat Thueng-in
- School of Pathology, Translational Medicine Program, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Sirin Theerawatanasirikul
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, The Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (W.T.); (S.T.)
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Nongnaput Tuyapala
- Protein-Ligand Engineering and Molecular Biology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Sukontip Poonsuk
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Nantawan Petcharat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Nattarat Thangthamniyom
- Research and Development Department, Animal Health and Diagnostic Center, CPF (Thailand) Public Company Limited, Bangkok 10530, Thailand;
| | - Porntippa Lekcharoensuk
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, The Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (W.T.); (S.T.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
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Kabir A, Ullah K, Ali Kamboh A, Abubakar M, Shafiq M, Wang L. The Pathogenesis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection: How the Virus Escapes from Immune Recognition and Elimination. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2024; 72:aite-2024-0013. [PMID: 38910298 DOI: 10.2478/aite-2024-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious and economically devastating pathogen that affects cloven-hoofed animals worldwide. FMDV infection causes vesicular lesions in the mouth, feet, and mammary glands, as well as severe systemic symptoms such as fever, salivation, and lameness. The pathogenesis of FMDV infection involves complex interactions between the virus and the host immune system, which determine the outcome of the disease. FMDV has evolved several strategies to evade immune recognition and elimination, such as antigenic variation, receptor switching, immune suppression, and subversion of innate and adaptive responses. This review paper summarizes the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of FMDV infection and the mechanisms of immune evasion employed by the virus. It also discusses the challenges and opportunities for developing effective vaccines and therapeutics against this important animal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Kabir
- 1Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Kalim Ullah
- 2Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Center of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Research, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Asghar Ali Kamboh
- 1Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abubakar
- 3Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Laboratories, NVL, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- 4Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Li Wang
- 5Department of Dermatology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital, Longgang, Shenzen, China
- 6Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzen, China
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Zewdie G, Akalu M, Tolossa W, Belay H, Deresse G, Zekarias M, Tesfaye Y. A review of foot-and-mouth disease in Ethiopia: epidemiological aspects, economic implications, and control strategies. Virol J 2023; 20:299. [PMID: 38102688 PMCID: PMC10724896 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease that affects the livelihoods and productivity of livestock farmers in endemic regions. It can infect various domestic and wild animals with cloven hooves and is caused by a virus belonging to the genus Aphthovirus and family Picornaviridae, which has seven different serotypes: A, O, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, and Asia-1. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular epidemiology, economic impact, diagnosis, and control measures of FMD in Ethiopia in comparison with the global situation. The genetic and antigenic diversity of FMD viruses requires a thorough understanding for developing and applying effective control strategies in endemic areas. FMD has direct and indirect economic consequences on animal production. In Ethiopia, FMD outbreaks have led to millions of USD losses due to the restriction or rejection of livestock products in the international market. Therefore, in endemic areas, disease control depends on vaccinations to prevent animals from developing clinical disease. However, in Ethiopia, due to the presence of diverse antigenic serotypes of FMD viruses, regular and extensive molecular investigation of new field isolates is necessary to perform vaccine-matching studies to evaluate the protective potential of the vaccine strain in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girma Zewdie
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
| | - Mirtneh Akalu
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
- Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Department of Biotechnology, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Ap, 522502, India
| | | | - Hassen Belay
- Africa Union Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Center (AU-PANVAC), P. O. Box: 1746, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Getaw Deresse
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | | | - Yeneneh Tesfaye
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
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Hwang SY, Shin SH, Park SH, Lee MJ, Kim SM, Lee JS, Park JH. Serological Conversion through a Second Exposure to Inactivated Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Expressing the JC Epitope on the Viral Surface. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1487. [PMID: 37766163 PMCID: PMC10537882 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a fatal contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals and causes severe economic damage at the national level. There are seven serotypes of the causative foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), and type O is responsible for serious outbreaks and shows a high incidence. Recently, the Cathay, Southeast Asia (SEA), and ME-SA (Middle East-South Asia) topotypes of type O have been found to frequently occur in Asia. Thus, it is necessary to develop candidate vaccines that afford protection against these three different topotypes. In this study, an experimental FMD vaccine was produced using a recombinant virus (TWN-JC) with the JC epitope (VP1 140-160 sequence of the O/SKR/Jincheon/2014) between amino acid 152 and 153 of VP1 in TWN-R. Immunization with this novel vaccine candidate was found to effectively protect mice against challenge with the three different topotype viruses. Neutralizing antibody titers were considerably higher after a second vaccination. The serological differences between the topotype strains were identified in guinea pigs and swine. In conclusion, a significant serological difference was observed at 56 days post-vaccination between animals that received the TWN-JC vaccine candidate and those that received the positive control virus (TWN-R). The TWN-JC vaccine candidate induced IFNγ and IL-12B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Yun Hwang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Ho Shin
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Sung-Han Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Min Ja Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (S.H.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.L.); (S.-M.K.)
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