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Tang Q, Zhang G, Fan YS, Sheng W, Yang C, Liu L, Liu X, Liu H, Guo Y, Gao Q, Lu F, He Z, Cui Q, Chen H. An investigation into the abnormal dynamic connection mechanism of generalized anxiety disorders based on non-homogeneous Markov models. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:500-508. [PMID: 38484883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dynamic and hierarchical nature of the functional brain network. The neural dynamical systems tend to converge to multiple attractors (stable fixed points or dynamical states) in long run. Little is known about how the changes in this brain dynamic "long-term" behavior of the connectivity flow of brain network in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). METHODS This study recruited 92 patients with GAD and 77 healthy controls (HC). We applied a reachable probability approach combining a Non-homogeneous Markov model with transition probability to quantify all possible connectivity flows and the hierarchical structure of brain functional systems at the dynamic level and the stationary probability vector (10-step transition probabilities) to describe the steady state of the system in the long run. A random forest algorithm was conducted to predict the severity of anxiety. RESULTS The dynamic functional patterns in distributed brain networks had larger possibility to converge in bilateral thalamus, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), right superior occipital gyrus (SOG) and smaller possibility to converge in bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) and right parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) in patients with GAD compared to HC. The abnormal transition probability pattern could predict anxiety severity in patients with GAD. LIMITATIONS Small samples and subjects taking medications may have influenced our results. Future studies are expected to rule out the potential confounding effects. CONCLUSION Our results have revealed abnormal dynamic neural communication and integration in emotion regulation in patients with GAD, which give new insights to understand the dynamics of brain function of patients with GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital to Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun-Shuang Fan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenguang Yang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Liju Liu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingli Liu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoxiang Liu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanhong Guo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Gao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengmei Lu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongling He
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Cui
- School of Public Affairs and Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Huafu Chen
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital to Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Zhao R, Xu C, Shi G, Li C, Shao S, Shangguan F, Cui L. Connection of social anxiety to impaired pattern of cognitive control and underlying motivational deficiencies: Evidence from event-related potentials. Psychophysiology 2024:e14598. [PMID: 38691392 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have established a correlation between social anxiety and poor cognitive control. However, little is known about the cognitive control pattern of individuals with high social anxiety (HSAs) and the underlying mechanisms. Based on the Dual Mechanisms of Control framework and the Expected Value of Control theory, this study explored whether HSAs have an impaired cognitive control pattern (Experiment 1) and whether motivational deficiencies underlie the impaired control pattern (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 21 individuals with low social anxiety (LSAs) and 21 HSAs completed an AX-Continuous Performance Task. Results showed that HSAs had a smaller P3b amplitude than LSAs, indicating their weakened proactive control in the cue processing stage, but a larger contingent negative variation (CNV) on cue B as compensation for the negative effects of anxiety in the response preparation stage. No group difference was found in N2 and P3a amplitude on probes, suggesting that reactive control in HSAs was not affected compared to LSAs. In Experiment 2, 21 LSAs and 21 HSAs completed a cued-flanker task, where the likelihood of proactive control engagement was manipulated. The results revealed that HSAs exhibited motivation deficiencies in engaging in proactive control, as evidenced by P3b, CNV amplitude, and response times. These findings shed light on the impaired cognitive control pattern of HSAs and suggest that motivational deficiencies may be the crucial underlying factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Cai Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guangyuan Shi
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chieh Li
- Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Siyang Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Shangguan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Camacho MC, Balser DH, Furtado EJ, Rogers CE, Schwarzlose RF, Sylvester CM, Barch DM. Higher Intersubject Variability in Neural Response to Narrative Social Stimuli Among Youth With Higher Social Anxiety. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:549-560. [PMID: 38070872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social anxiety is associated with alterations in socioemotional processing, but the pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Movies present an opportunity to examine more naturalistic socioemotional processing by providing narrative and sensory context to emotion cues. This study aimed to characterize associations between neural response to contextualized social cues and social anxiety symptoms in children. METHOD Data from the Healthy Brain Network (final N = 740; age range 5-15 years) were split into discovery and replication samples to maximize generalizability of findings. Associations of parent- and self-reported social anxiety (Screen for Child Anxiety-related Emotional Disorders) with mean differences and person-to-person variability in functional magnetic resonance imaging-measured activation to 2 emotionally dynamic movies were characterized. RESULTS Though no evidence was found to indicate social anxiety symptoms were associated with mean differences in neural activity to emotional content (fit Spearman rs < 0.09), children with high social anxiety symptoms had higher intersubject activation variability in the posterior cingulate, supramarginal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus (Bonferroni familywise error-corrected ps < .05)-regions associated with attention, alertness, and emotion cue processing. Identified regions varied by age group and informant. Across ages, these effects were enhanced for scenes containing greater sensory intensity (brighter, louder, more motion, more vibrance). CONCLUSION These results provide evidence that children with high social anxiety symptoms show high person-to-person variability in the neural processing of sensory aspects of emotional content. These data indicate that children with high social anxiety may require personalized interventions for sensory and emotional difficulties, as the underlying neurology differs from child to child. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper received support from a program designed to increase minority representation in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our reference list. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list.
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Mizzi S, Pedersen M, Rossell SL, Rendell P, Terrett G, Heinrichs M, Labuschagne I. Resting-state amygdala subregion and precuneus connectivity provide evidence for a dimensional approach to studying social anxiety disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:147. [PMID: 38485930 PMCID: PMC10940725 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent and disabling mental health condition, characterized by excessive fear and anxiety in social situations. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigms have been increasingly used to understand the neurobiological underpinnings of SAD in the absence of threat-related stimuli. Previous studies have primarily focused on the role of the amygdala in SAD. However, the amygdala consists of functionally and structurally distinct subregions, and recent studies have highlighted the importance of investigating the role of these subregions independently. Using multiband fMRI, we analyzed resting-state data from 135 participants (42 SAD, 93 healthy controls). By employing voxel-wise permutation testing, we examined group differences of fMRI connectivity and associations between fMRI connectivity and social anxiety symptoms to further investigate the classification of SAD as a categorical or dimensional construct. Seed-to-whole brain functional connectivity analysis using multiple 'seeds' including the amygdala and its subregions and the precuneus, revealed no statistically significant group differences. However, social anxiety severity was significantly negatively correlated with functional connectivity of the precuneus - perigenual anterior cingulate cortex and positively correlated with functional connectivity of the amygdala (specifically the superficial subregion) - parietal/cerebellar areas. Our findings demonstrate clear links between symptomatology and brain connectivity in the absence of diagnostic differences, with evidence of amygdala subregion-specific alterations. The observed brain-symptom associations did not include disturbances in the brain's fear circuitry (i.e., disturbances in connectivity between amygdala - prefrontal regions) likely due to the absence of threat-related stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mizzi
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Mangor Pedersen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
- Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Peter Rendell
- Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gill Terrett
- Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Markus Heinrichs
- Department of Psychology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Izelle Labuschagne
- Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia.
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Daşdemir Y. Classification of Emotional and Immersive Outcomes in the Context of Virtual Reality Scene Interactions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3437. [PMID: 37998573 PMCID: PMC10670519 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13223437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The constantly evolving technological landscape of the Metaverse has introduced a significant concern: cybersickness (CS). There is growing academic interest in detecting and mitigating these adverse effects within virtual environments (VEs). However, the development of effective methodologies in this field has been hindered by the lack of sufficient benchmark datasets. In pursuit of this objective, we meticulously compiled a comprehensive dataset by analyzing the impact of virtual reality (VR) environments on CS, immersion levels, and EEG-based emotion estimation. Our dataset encompasses both implicit and explicit measurements. Implicit measurements focus on brain signals, while explicit measurements are based on participant questionnaires. These measurements were used to collect data on the extent of cybersickness experienced by participants in VEs. Using statistical methods, we conducted a comparative analysis of CS levels in VEs tailored for specific tasks and their immersion factors. Our findings revealed statistically significant differences between VEs, highlighting crucial factors influencing participant engagement, engrossment, and immersion. Additionally, our study achieved a remarkable classification performance of 96.25% in distinguishing brain oscillations associated with VR scenes using the multi-instance learning method and 95.63% in predicting emotions within the valence-arousal space with four labels. The dataset presented in this study holds great promise for objectively evaluating CS in VR contexts, differentiating between VEs, and providing valuable insights for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaşar Daşdemir
- Department of Computer Engineering, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Turkey
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Duan J, Li Y, Zhang X, Dong S, Zhao P, Liu J, Zheng J, Zhu R, Kong Y, Wang F. Predicting treatment response in adolescents and young adults with major depressive episodes from fMRI using graph isomorphism network. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 40:103534. [PMID: 37939442 PMCID: PMC10665904 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive episode (MDE) is the main clinical feature of mood disorders (major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder) in adolescents and young adults and accounts for most of the disease course. However, 30%-40% of MDE patients not responding to clinical first-line interventions. It is crucial to predict treatment response in the early stages and identify biomarkers associated with treatment response. Graph Isomorphism Network (GIN), a deep learning method, is promising for predicting treatment response for individual MDE patients with more powerful representation ability to capture the features of brain functional connectivity. METHODS In this study, GIN was used to predict individual treatment response in 198 adolescents and young adults with MDE. The most discriminating regions were also identified for the treatment response prediction. RESULTS Using GIN approach, the baseline functional connectivity could predict 79.8% responders and 67.4% non-responders to treatment (accuracy 74.24%). Furthermore, the most discriminating brain regions were mainly involved in paralimbic and subcortical areas. CONCLUSIONS GIN has shown potential in predicting treatment response for individual patients, which may enable personalized treatment decisions. Furthermore, targeted interventions focused on modulating the activity and connectivity within paralimbic and subcortical regions could potentially improve treatment outcomes and enable personalized interventions for adolescents and young adults with MDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Duan
- Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueying Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Joint International Research Laboratory of Medical Information Processing, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Joint International Research Laboratory of Medical Information Processing, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Zheng
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongxin Zhu
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Youyong Kong
- Jiangsu Provincial Joint International Research Laboratory of Medical Information Processing, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration, Southeast University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Li Q, Zhang X, Yang X, Pan N, Li X, Kemp GJ, Wang S, Gong Q. Pre-COVID brain network topology prospectively predicts social anxiety alterations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 27:100578. [PMID: 37842018 PMCID: PMC10570707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Social anxiety (SA) is a negative emotional response that can lead to mental health issues, which some have experienced during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Little attention has been given to the neurobiological mechanisms underlying inter-individual differences in SA alterations related to COVID-19. This study aims to identify neurofunctional markers of COVID-specific SA development. Methods 110 healthy participants underwent resting-state magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral tests before the pandemic (T1, October 2019 to January 2020) and completed follow-up behavioral measurements during the pandemic (T2, February to May 2020). We constructed individual functional networks and used graph theoretical analysis to estimate their global and nodal topological properties, then used Pearson correlation and partial least squares correlations examine their associations with COVID-specific SA alterations. Results In terms of global network parameters, SA alterations (T2-T1) were negatively related to pre-pandemic brain small-worldness and normalized clustering coefficient. In terms of nodal network parameters, SA alterations were positively linked to a pronounced degree centrality pattern, encompassing both the high-level cognitive networks (dorsal attention network, cingulo-opercular task control network, default mode network, memory retrieval network, fronto-parietal task control network, and subcortical network) and low-level perceptual networks (sensory/somatomotor network, auditory network, and visual network). These findings were robust after controlling for pre-pandemic general anxiety, other stressful life events, and family socioeconomic status, as well as by treating SA alterations as categorical variables. Conclusions The individual functional network associated with SA alterations showed a disrupted topological organization with a more random state, which may shed light on the neurobiological basis of COVID-related SA changes at the network level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Public Affairs, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Nanfang Pan
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Graham J. Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Song Wang
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, 361000, China
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Carlton CN, Antezana L, Richey JA. Associations between resting-state neural connectivity and positive affect in social anxiety disorder. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3006. [PMID: 37062915 PMCID: PMC10275543 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social anxiety disorder (SAD) has been characterized by deficits in social motivation and lack of reactivity to pleasurable stimuli (i.e., positive affect; [PA]). Recent neuroimaging work has shifted toward examining positively valenced motivational systems in SAD focused on reward responses. However, little is known about the associations of reward connectivity and PA in individuals with SAD. As such, the purpose of the current study was to determine whether connectivity among key units of reward neurocircuitry meaningfully relate to PA and whether these key units are more heterogeneous in SAD as compared to controls. METHODS Thirty-one participants who met diagnostic criteria for SAD and 33 control participants were included (Mage = 24.8, SD = 6.9; 55% cisgender man). Seed-based timeseries correlations were conducted in NiTime to extract region of interest (ROI) coupling correlation strength values. ANOVAs were carried out to assess whether individuals with SAD differed in ROI-to-ROI connectivity strength as compared to controls. Correlations and variance analyses were also conducted to examine the relationship between ROI-to-ROI connectivity strength and PA, as well as heterogeneity in connectivity strength and PA expression. RESULTS Weaker connectivity between the left and right orbital frontal cortex was observed when comparing the SAD to the control group. Within the SAD group, PA was associated with several reward-related ROI couplings; however, these links were not observed among controls. Results further demonstrated that individuals with SAD had significantly more variability in reward connectivity strength as compared to controls. CONCLUSION Overall, these results provide emergent evidence for the association between reward regions and PA in individuals with SAD. Additionally, these findings show that individuals with SAD demonstrate greater heterogeneity in reward connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John A. Richey
- Department of PsychologyVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginia
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
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Jin S, Liu W, Hu Y, Liu Z, Xia Y, Zhang X, Ding Y, Zhang L, Xie S, Ma C, Kang Y, Hu Z, Cheng W, Yang Z. Aberrant functional connectivity of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and its age dependence in children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 82:103498. [PMID: 36758449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent and impairing mental disorder among children and adolescents. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) plays a critical role in anxiety disorders, including valence surveillance and hypervigilance for potential threats. However, the role of BNST and its related functional network in children and adolescents with SAD has not been fully investigated. This study examined the aberration of BNST's functional connectivity and its age dependence in adolescents with SAD. METHODS Using a sample of 75 SAD patients and 75 healthy controls (HCs) children aged 9-18 years old, we delineated the group-by-age interaction of BNST-seeded functional connectivity (FC) during resting state and movie-watching. The relationships between BNST-seeded FC and clinical scores were also examined. RESULTS During movie viewing, the FC between the right BNST and the left amygdala, bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), bilateral superior temporal cortex, and right pericalcarine cortex showed a diagnostic group-by-age interaction. Compared to HCs, SAD patients showed a significant enhancement of the above FC at younger ages. Meanwhile, they showed an age-dependent decrease in FC between the right BNST and left amygdala. Furthermore, for SAD patients, FC between the right BNST and left amygdala during movie viewing was positively correlated with separation anxiety scores. CONCLUSIONS The right BNST plays an essential role in the aberrant brain functioning in children and adolescents with SAD. The atypicality of BNST's FC has remarkable age dependence in SAD, suggesting an association of SAD with neurodevelopmental traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Jin
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Hu
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yufeng Xia
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yue Ding
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuqi Xie
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changminghao Ma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yinzhi Kang
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhishan Hu
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenhong Cheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi Yang
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Bauer EA, Wilson KA, Phan KL, Shankman SA, MacNamara A. A Neurobiological Profile Underlying Comorbidity Load and Prospective Increases in Dysphoria in a Focal Fear Sample. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:352-361. [PMID: 36280453 PMCID: PMC10866641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the neural mechanisms underlying increased disease burden in anxiety disorders that is unaccounted for by individual categorical diagnoses could lead to improved clinical care. Here, we tested the utility of a joint functional magnetic resonance imaging-electroencephalography neurobiological profile characterized by overvaluation of negative stimuli (amygdala) in combination with blunted elaborated processing of these same stimuli (the late positive potential [LPP], an event-related potential) in predicting increased psychopathology across a 2-year period in people with anxiety disorders. METHODS One hundred ten participants (64 female, 45 male, 1 other) including 78 participants with phobias who varied in the extent of their internalizing comorbidity and 32 participants who were free from psychopathology viewed negative and neutral pictures during separate functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygen level-dependent and electroencephalogram recordings. Dysphoria was assessed at baseline and 2 years later. RESULTS Participants with both heightened amygdala activation and blunted LPPs to negative pictures showed the greatest increases in dysphoria 2 years later. Cross-sectionally, participants with higher comorbidity load (≥2 additional diagnoses, n = 34) showed increased amygdala activation to negative pictures compared with participants with lower comorbidity load (≤1 additional diagnosis, n = 44) and compared with participants free from psychopathology. In addition, high comorbid participants showed reduced LPPs to negative pictures compared with low comorbid participants. CONCLUSIONS Heightened amygdala in response to negative stimuli in combination with blunted LPPs could indicate overvaluation of threatening stimuli in the absence of elaborated processing that might otherwise help regulate threat responding. This brain profile could underlie the worsening and maintenance of internalizing psychopathology over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Bauer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
| | - Kayla A Wilson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Annmarie MacNamara
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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11
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Daşdemir Y. Cognitive investigation on the effect of augmented reality-based reading on emotion classification performance: A new dataset. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.103942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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12
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Zhang Q, Li B, Jin S, Liu W, Liu J, Xie S, Zhang L, Kang Y, Ding Y, Zhang X, Cheng W, Yang Z. Comparing the Effectiveness of Brain Structural Imaging, Resting-state fMRI, and Naturalistic fMRI in Recognizing Social Anxiety Disorder in Children and Adolescents. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 323:111485. [PMID: 35567906 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common anxiety disorder in childhood and adolescence. Studies on SAD in adults have reported both structural and functional aberrancies of the brain at the group level. However, evidence has shown differences in anxiety-related brain abnormalities between adolescents and adults. Since children and adolescents can afford limited scan time, optimizing the scan tasks is essential for SAD research in children and adolescents. Thus, we need to address whether brain structure, resting-state fMRI, and naturalistic imaging enable individualized identification of SAD in children and adolescents, which measurement is more effective, and whether pooling multi-modal features can improve the identification of SAD. We comprehensively addressed these questions by building machine learning models based on parcel-wise brain features. We found that naturalistic fMRI yielded higher classification accuracy (69.17%) than the other modalities and the classification performance showed dependence on the contents of the movie. The classification models also identified contributing brain regions, some of which exhibited correlations with the symptoms scores of SAD. However, pooling brain features from the three modalities did not help enhance the classification accuracy. These results support the application of carefully designed naturalistic imaging in recognizing children and adolescents at risk of SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinjian Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baobin Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Jin
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqi Xie
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinzhi Kang
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Cheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi Yang
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Tsermpini EE, Goričar K, Kores Plesničar B, Plemenitaš Ilješ A, Dolžan V. Genetic Variability of Incretin Receptors and Alcohol Dependence: A Pilot Study. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:908948. [PMID: 35754710 PMCID: PMC9218814 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.908948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dependence is a chronic mental disorder that leads to decreased quality of life for patients and their relatives and presents a considerable burden to society. Incretin hormones, such as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are endogenous gut-brain peptides, which can travel across the blood-brain barrier and access the nervous system. Their respective receptors, GIPR and GLP-1R, are expressed in the reward-related brain areas and are involved in memory formation and neurogenesis, which results in behavioral changes in rodent models. The current study investigated the potential association of genetic variability of incretin receptors with alcohol dependence and alcohol-related psychosymptomatology. Alcohol dependence and comorbid psychosymptomatology were assessed in a cohort of Slovenian male participants, comprised of 89 hospitalized alcohol-dependent patients, 98 abstinent alcohol-dependent patients, and 93 healthy blood donors. All participants were genotyped for GIPR rs1800437 and GLP1R rs10305420 and rs6923761 polymorphisms. For the statistical analysis Kruskal-Wall and Mann-Whitney tests were used in additive and dominant genetic models. Our findings indicated that GIPR rs1800437 genotypes were associated with an increased risk of alcohol dependence. Statistically significant association between GIPR rs1800437 GG genotype and Brief Social Phobia Scale scores were observed in the abstinent alcohol-dependent patients, while GLP1R rs6923761 GG genotype was associated with Zung anxiety scores in healthy controls. Our pilot study indicates that GIPR rs1800437 may play some role in susceptibility to alcohol dependence, as well as in alcohol-related psychosymptomatology symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first study that indicates the involvement of GIPR in alcohol dependence. However, studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goričar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blanka Kores Plesničar
- University Psychiatric Clinic, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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14
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Zhang X, Suo X, Yang X, Lai H, Pan N, He M, Li Q, Kuang W, Wang S, Gong Q. Structural and functional deficits and couplings in the cortico-striato-thalamo-cerebellar circuitry in social anxiety disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:26. [PMID: 35064097 PMCID: PMC8782859 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although functional and structural abnormalities in brain regions involved in the neurobiology of fear and anxiety have been observed in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD), the findings have been heterogeneous due to small sample sizes, demographic confounders, and methodological differences. Besides, multimodal neuroimaging studies on structural-functional deficits and couplings are rather scarce. Herein, we aimed to explore functional network anomalies in brain regions with structural deficits and the effects of structure-function couplings on the SAD diagnosis. High-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI images were obtained from 49 non-comorbid patients with SAD and 53 demography-matched healthy controls. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analysis was conducted to investigate structural alterations, which were subsequently used as seeds for the resting-state functional connectivity analysis. In addition, correlation and mediation analyses were performed to probe the potential roles of structural-functional deficits in SAD diagnosis. SAD patients had significant gray matter volume reductions in the bilateral putamen, right thalamus, and left parahippocampus. Besides, patients with SAD demonstrated widespread resting-state dysconnectivity in cortico-striato-thalamo-cerebellar circuitry. Moreover, dysconnectivity of the putamen with the cerebellum and the right thalamus with the middle temporal gyrus/supplementary motor area partially mediated the effects of putamen/thalamus atrophy on the SAD diagnosis. Our findings provide preliminary evidence for the involvement of structural and functional deficits in cortico-striato-thalamo-cerebellar circuitry in SAD, and may contribute to clarifying the underlying mechanisms of structure-function couplings for SAD. Therefore, they could offer insights into the neurobiological substrates of SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xueling Suo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Public Affairs, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Han Lai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Nanfang Pan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Min He
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qingyuan Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, 361000, China.
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15
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Sindermann L, Redlich R, Opel N, Böhnlein J, Dannlowski U, Leehr EJ. Systematic transdiagnostic review of magnetic-resonance imaging results: Depression, anxiety disorders and their co-occurrence. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 142:226-239. [PMID: 34388482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders (ANX) share core symptoms such as negative affect and often co-exist. Magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) research suggests shared neuroanatomical/neurofunctional underpinnings. So far, studies considering transdiagnostic and disorder-specific neural alterations in MDD and ANX as well as the comorbid condition (COM) have not been reviewed systematically. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, the literature was screened and N = 247 articles were checked according to the PICOS criteria: MRI studies investigating transdiagnostic (across MDD, ANX, COM compared to healthy controls) and/or disorder-specific (between MDD, ANX, COM) neural alterations. N = 35, thereof n = 13 structural MRI and diffusion-tensor imaging studies and n = 22 functional MRI studies investigating emotional, cognitive deficits and resting state were included and quality coded. RESULTS Results indicated transdiagnostic structural/functional alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex/middle frontal cortex and in limbic regions (amygdala, cingulum, hippocampus). Few and inconsistent disorder-specific alterations were reported. However, depression-specific functional alterations were reported for the inferior frontal gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during emotional tasks, and limbic regions at rest. Preliminary results for anxiety-specific functional alterations were found in the insula and frontal regions during emotional tasks, in the inferior parietal lobule, superior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus during cognitive tasks, and (para)limbic alterations at rest. CONCLUSIONS This review provides evidence to support existing transdiagnostic fronto-limbic neural models in MDD and ANX. On top, it expands existing knowledge taking into account comorbidity and comparing MDD with ANX. Heterogeneous evidence exists for disorder-specific alterations. Research focusing on ANX sub-types, and the consideration of COM would contribute to a better understanding of basic neural underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Sindermann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149, Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Emil-Abderhalden-Str. 26-27, 06108, Halle, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Joscha Böhnlein
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Johanna Leehr
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, 48149, Münster, Germany
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16
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Luoma J, Lear MK. MDMA-Assisted Therapy as a Means to Alter Affective, Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurological Systems Underlying Social Dysfunction in Social Anxiety Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:733893. [PMID: 34646176 PMCID: PMC8502812 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.733893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent and often debilitating psychiatric disorder that can assume a chronic course even when treated. Despite the identification of evidence-based pharmacological and behavioral treatments for SAD, much room for improved outcomes exists and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has been proposed as a promising adjunctive treatment to psychological interventions for disorders characterized by social dysfunction. A small randomized, placebo-controlled trial of MDMA-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) for social anxiety in autistic adults offered encouraging results, but more research is sorely needed to explore the potential for MDMA-AT in treating SAD. This review aims to stimulate future study by summarizing research on disruptions in neurological, perceptual, receptive, and expressive systems regulating social behavior in SAD and proposing how MDMA-AT may alter these systems across four domains. First, we review research highlighting the roles of social anhedonia and reduced social reward sensitivity in maintaining SAD, with specific attention to the reduction in positive affect in social situations, infrequent social approach behaviors, and related social skills deficits. We posit that MDMA-AT may enhance motivation to connect with others and alter perceptions of social reward for an extended period following administration, thereby potentiating extinction processes, and increasing the reinforcement value of social interactions. Second, we review evidence for the central role of heightened social evaluative threat perception in the development and maintenance of SAD and consider how MDMA-AT may enhance experiences of affiliation and safety when interacting with others. Third, we consider the influence of shame and the rigid application of shame regulation strategies as important intrapersonal processes maintaining SAD and propose the generation of self-transcendent emotions during MDMA sessions as a mechanism of shame reduction that may result in corrective emotional experiences and boost memory reconsolidation. Finally, we review research on the role of dysfunctional interpersonal behaviors in SAD that interfere with social functioning and, in particular, the development and maintenance of close and secure relationships. We discuss the hypothesized role of MDMA-AT in improving social skills to elicit positive interpersonal responses from others, creating a greater sense of belonging, acceptance, and social efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Luoma
- Portland Psychotherapy Clinic, Research, and Training Center, Portland, OR, United States
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Karunakaran KB, Amemori S, Balakrishnan N, Ganapathiraju MK, Amemori KI. Generalized and social anxiety disorder interactomes show distinctive overlaps with striosome and matrix interactomes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18392. [PMID: 34526518 PMCID: PMC8443595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97418-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying anxiety disorders remain elusive despite the discovery of several associated genes. We constructed the protein-protein interaction networks (interactomes) of six anxiety disorders and noted enrichment for striatal expression among common genes in the interactomes. Five of these interactomes shared distinctive overlaps with the interactomes of genes that were differentially expressed in two striatal compartments (striosomes and matrix). Generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder interactomes showed exclusive and statistically significant overlaps with the striosome and matrix interactomes, respectively. Systematic gene expression analysis with the anxiety disorder interactomes constrained to contain only those genes that were shared with striatal compartment interactomes revealed a bifurcation among the disorders, which was influenced by the anterior cingulate cortex, nucleus accumbens, amygdala and hippocampus, and the dopaminergic signaling pathway. Our results indicate that the functionally distinct striatal pathways constituted by the striosome and the matrix may influence the etiological differentiation of various anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani B Karunakaran
- Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Satoko Amemori
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - N Balakrishnan
- Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Madhavi K Ganapathiraju
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
- Intelligent Systems Program, School of Computing and Information, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Ken-Ichi Amemori
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Yu X, Ruan Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zhang L. Cognitive Neural Mechanism of Social Anxiety Disorder: A Meta-Analysis Based on fMRI Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115556. [PMID: 34067468 PMCID: PMC8196988 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The present meta-analysis aimed to explore the cognitive and neural mechanism of social anxiety disorder (SAD) from a whole-brain view, and compare the differences in brain activations under different task paradigms. Methods: We searched Web of Science Core Collection and other databases with the keywords related to social anxiety, social phobia, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for comparing persons with SAD to healthy controls and used the activation likelihood estimation method. Thirty-seven papers met the inclusion criteria, including 15 with emotional faces as stimuli, 8 presenting specific situations as stimuli, and 14 using other types of tasks as stimuli. Among these papers, 654 participants were in the SAD group and 594 participants were in the control group with 335 activation increase points and 115 activation decrease points. Results: Whole-brain analysis showed that compared with healthy controls, persons with SAD showed significantly lower activation of the left anterior cingulate gyrus (MNI coordinate: x = −6, y = 22, z = 38; p 0.001). Sub-group analysis based on task indicated that when performing tasks with emotional faces as stimuli, persons with SAD showed significantly lower activation of the left cerebellar slope and fusiform gyrus (MNI coordinate: x = −26, y = −68, z = −12; p 0.001), and significantly higher activation of the right supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus, than healthy controls (MNI coordinate: x = 58, y = −52, z = 30; p 0.001). Conclusion: Individuals with social anxiety disorder show abnormal activation in the cingulate gyrus, which is responsible for the process of attention control, and task type can influence the activation pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglian Yu
- Department of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (X.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yijun Ruan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (X.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (X.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jibiao Zhang
- Department of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (X.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-151-1631-9551 (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-186-2215-2329 (L.Z.)
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-151-1631-9551 (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-186-2215-2329 (L.Z.)
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Pozzi E, Vijayakumar N, Rakesh D, Whittle S. Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation in Adolescents and Emerging Adults: A Meta-analytic Study. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:194-204. [PMID: 33268030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of adaptive implicit and explicit emotion regulation skills is crucial for mental health. Adolescence and emerging adulthood are periods of heightened risk for psychopathology associated with emotion dysregulation, and neurodevelopmental mechanisms have been proposed to account for this increased risk. However, progress in understanding these mechanisms has been hampered by an incomplete knowledge of the neural underpinnings of emotion regulation during development. METHODS Using activation likelihood estimation, we conducted a quantitative analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in healthy developmental samples (i.e., adolescence [10-18 years of age] and emerging adulthood [19-30 years of age]) investigating emotion reactivity (N studies = 48), and implicit (N studies = 41) and explicit (N studies = 19) emotion regulation processes. RESULTS Explicit emotion regulation was associated with activation in frontal, temporal, and parietal regions, whereas both implicit regulation and emotion reactivity were associated with activation in the amygdala and posterior temporal regions. During implicit regulation, adolescents exhibited more consistent activation of the amygdala, fusiform gyrus, and thalamus than emerging adults, who showed more consistent activation in the posterior superior temporal sulcus. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that emotion reactivity and regulation in developmental samples engage a robust group of regions that are implicated in bottom-up and top-down emotional responding. Adolescents are also more likely to recruit regions involved in early stages of emotion processing during implicit regulation, while emerging adults recruit higher-order regions involved in the extraction of semantic meaning. Findings have implications for future research aiming to better understand the neurodevelopmental mechanisms underlying risk for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pozzi
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Divyangana Rakesh
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Yang F, Zhang J, Fan L, Liao M, Wang Y, Chen C, Zhai T, Zhang Y, Li L, Su L, Dai Z. White matter structural network disturbances in first-episode, drug-naïve adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 130:394-404. [PMID: 32889357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) would show inefficient whole-brain communication and dysconnectivity in the fronto-parietal-subcortical sub-networks in the white matter (WM) structural network. However, these hypotheses have yet to be tested. METHODS Individual WM structural networks were constructed based on diffusion MRI data and deterministic tractography in 34 first-episode, medication-naïve adolescents with GAD and 27 healthy controls (HCs). Graph theory was applied to investigate the topological organization alterations of the structural network. RESULTS GAD patients showed disrupted small-world configurations (i.e., increased path length and decreased clustering coefficient) and hub organization (i.e., less connection strength in the feeder and local connections). A decreased connection strength was found in a GAD-related sub-network (mainly involving the frontal-subcortical circuits), which was able to distinguish GAD patients from HCs with higher accuracy (area under the curve of 0.96, sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 89%) than clinical scores and other topological alternations. LIMITATIONS The current study just compared GAD patients with HCs based on a small sample, leaving whether the alternations found here are specific to GAD still an open question. Future studies are recommended to recruit patients with other anxiety disorders (e.g., social anxiety disorder) and/or comorbid mood disorders to identify the GAD-specific WM alterations using a larger sample. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the disruption of the topological organization of the whole-brain WM structural network (especially the frontal-subcortical circuits) in GAD, and suggest the potential of using structural connectivity of the GAD-related sub-network as a biomarker for GAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Mei Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuyin Wang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Zhai
- Department of Psychiatry, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linyan Su
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengjia Dai
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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A Central Amygdala-Globus Pallidus Circuit Conveys Unconditioned Stimulus-Related Information and Controls Fear Learning. J Neurosci 2020; 40:9043-9054. [PMID: 33067362 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2090-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The central amygdala (CeA) is critically involved in a range of adaptive behaviors, including defensive behaviors. Neurons in the CeA send long-range projections to a number of extra-amygdala targets, but the functions of these projections remain elusive. Here, we report that a previously neglected CeA-to-globus pallidus external segment (GPe) circuit plays an essential role in classical fear conditioning. By anatomic tracing, in situ hybridization and channelrhodopsin (ChR2)-assisted circuit mapping in both male and female mice, we found that a subset of CeA neurons send projections to the GPe, and the majority of these GPe-projecting CeA neurons express the neuropeptide somatostatin. Notably, chronic inhibition of GPe-projecting CeA neurons with the tetanus toxin light chain (TeLC) completely blocks auditory fear conditioning. In vivo fiber photometry revealed that these neurons are selectively excited by the unconditioned stimulus (US) during fear conditioning. Furthermore, transient optogenetic inactivation or activation of these neurons selectively during US presentation impairs or promotes, respectively, fear learning. Our results suggest that a major function of GPe-projecting CeA neurons is to represent and convey US-related information through the CeA-GPe circuit, thereby regulating learning in fear conditioning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The central amygdala (CeA) has been implicated in the establishment of defensive behaviors toward threats, but the underlying circuit mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found that a subpopulation of neurons in the CeA, which are mainly those that express the neuropeptide somatostatin, send projections to the globus pallidus external segment (GPe), and this CeA-GPe circuit conveys unconditioned stimulus (US)-related information during classical fear conditioning, thereby having an indispensable role in learning. Our results reveal a previously unknown circuit mechanism for fear learning.
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A conceptual model of risk and protective factors associated with internalizing symptoms in autism spectrum disorder: A scoping review, synthesis, and call for more research. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:1254-1272. [PMID: 32893766 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942000084x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews and synthesizes key areas of research related to the etiology, development, and maintenance of internalizing symptoms in children, adolescents, and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In developing an integrated conceptual model, we draw from current conceptual models of internalizing symptoms in ASD and extend the model to include factors related to internalizing within other populations (e.g., children that have experienced early life stress, children with other neurodevelopmental conditions, typically developing children) that have not been systematically examined in ASD. Our review highlights the need for more research to understand the developmental course of internalizing symptoms, potential moderators, and the interplay between early risk and protective factors. Longitudinal studies incorporating multiple methods and both environmental and biological factors will be important in order to elucidate these mechanisms.
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Lever-van Milligen BA, Verhoeven JE, Schmaal L, van Velzen LS, Révész D, Black CN, Han LKM, Horsfall M, Batelaan NM, van Balkom AJLM, van Schaik DJF, van Oppen P, Penninx BWJH. The impact of depression and anxiety treatment on biological aging and metabolic stress: study protocol of the MOod treatment with antidepressants or running (MOTAR) study. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:425. [PMID: 31888565 PMCID: PMC6937704 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive and anxiety disorders have shown to be associated to premature or advanced biological aging and consequently to adversely impact somatic health. Treatments with antidepressant medication or running therapy are both found to be effective for many but not all patients with mood and anxiety disorders. These interventions may, however, work through different pathophysiological mechanisms and could differ in their impact on biological aging and somatic health. This study protocol describes the design of an unique intervention study that examines whether both treatments are similarly effective in reducing or reversing biological aging (primary outcome), psychiatric status, metabolic stress and neurobiological indicators (secondary outcomes). METHODS The MOod Treatment with Antidepressants or Running (MOTAR) study will recruit a total of 160 patients with a current major depressive and/or anxiety disorder in a mental health care setting. Patients will receive a 16-week treatment with either antidepressant medication or running therapy (3 times/week). Patients will undergo the treatment of their preference and a subsample will be randomized (1:1) to overcome preference bias. An additional no-disease-no-treatment group of 60 healthy controls without lifetime psychopathology, will be included as comparison group for primary and secondary outcomes at baseline. Assessments are done at week 0 for patients and controls, and at week 16 and week 52 for patients only, including written questionnaires, a psychiatric and medical examination, blood, urine and saliva collection and a cycle ergometer test, to gather information about biological aging (telomere length and telomerase activity), mental health (depression and anxiety disorder characteristics), general fitness, metabolic stress-related biomarkers (inflammation, metabolic syndrome, cortisol) and genetic determinants. In addition, neurobiological alterations in brain processes will be assessed using structural and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in a subsample of at least 25 patients per treatment arm and in all controls. DISCUSSION This intervention study aims to provide a better understanding of the impact of antidepressant medication and running therapy on biological aging, metabolic stress and neurobiological indicators in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders in order to guide a more personalized medicine treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trialregister.nl Number of identification: NTR3460, May 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca A. Lever-van Milligen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josine E. Verhoeven
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura S. van Velzen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dóra Révész
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine N. Black
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura K. M. Han
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melany Horsfall
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje M. Batelaan
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J. L. M. van Balkom
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Digna J. F. van Schaik
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia van Oppen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0546 0540grid.420193.dGGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Peng W, Jia Z, Huang X, Lui S, Kuang W, Sweeney JA, Gong Q. Brain structural abnormalities in emotional regulation and sensory processing regions associated with anxious depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 94:109676. [PMID: 31226395 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) comorbid with anxious symptoms, referred as anxious depression. The neural structural basis of this MDD specifier remains largely unknown. METHODS 104 patients with anxious depression, 57 MDD patients without significant anxious symptoms, and 160 healthy controls from single research center participated in the study with age and sex well-matched. We investigated gray matter alterations in anxious and non-anxious depression, explored different brain alterations between these two patient groups, and possible relationships between brain structural parameter and clinical information in patients. RESULTS Gray matter volumes differed in the right inferior frontal gyrus, right orbital frontal gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, bilateral culmen and left cuneus among the three groups. Anxious depression had smaller gray matter volumes in the right inferior frontal gyrus and orbital frontal gyrus relative to both non-anxious depression and healthy controls. Patients with anxious depression presented larger gray matter volumes in the left postcentral gyrus than non-anxious depression, and larger gray matter volumes in the left cuneus than healthy controls. In addition, both patient groups showed larger gray matter volumes in bilateral culmen relative to healthy controls. Gray matter volumes in the left postcentral gyrus were positively associated with overall depression severity and anxiety factor scores in anxious depression. CONCLUSION Our study revealed brain structural abnormalities in emotional regulation and sensory processing regions of anxious depression, which may suggested distinct neurobiological mechanisms of this MDD specifier and could help explain different clinical manifestations in anxious depression from pure depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, PR China
| | - Zhiyun Jia
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - John A Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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25
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Feng C, Cao J, Li Y, Wu H, Mobbs D. The pursuit of social acceptance: aberrant conformity in social anxiety disorder. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 13:809-817. [PMID: 29986075 PMCID: PMC6123523 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The defining pathological features of social anxiety disorder primarily concern the social landscape, yet few empirical studies have examined the potentially aberrant behavioral and neural patterns in this population using socially interactive paradigms. We addressed this issue by investigating the behavioral and neural patterns associated with social conformity in patients with social anxiety disorder. We recorded event-related potentials when healthy subjects (n = 19), and patients with social anxiety disorder (n = 20) made attractiveness judgements of unfamiliar others, while at the same time, being exposed to congruent/incongruent peer ratings. Afterwards, participants were asked to rerate the same faces without the presence of peer ratings. When compared with healthy controls, social anxiety disorder patients exhibited more positive attitudes to unfamiliar others and conformed more with peers-higher feedback. These behavioral effects were in parallel with neural responses associated with social conflict in the N400 signal, showing higher conformity to peers-higher feedback compared with peers-lower or peers-agree feedback among social anxiety disorder patients. Our findings provide evidence on the behavioral and neural patterns of social anxiety disorder during social interactions, and support the hypothesis that individuals with social anxiety disorder are more motivated to pursue social acceptance and possibly avoid social rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Feng
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Jianqin Cao
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Yingli Li
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Division of Humanities and Social Sciences and Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Dean Mobbs
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences and Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Schafer M, Schiller D. The Hippocampus and Social Impairment in Psychiatric Disorders. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 83:105-118. [PMID: 30787048 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2018.83.037614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Social deficits, such as poor social skills (i.e., the inability to engage in appropriate and effective social interactions) and social withdrawal, are prevalent across psychiatric disorders and often co-occur with hippocampal structural and functional abnormalities. The centrality of both social and hippocampal dysfunction in psychiatric research prompts the question: Are they linked? The social cognitive map framework provides a clue: The hippocampus tracks social information in the physical environment, maps others along social dimensions, and supports social memory and decision-making. Hippocampal dysfunction might disrupt social map representation and contribute to commonly seen social behavioral symptoms. This review summarizes evidence for the role of the hippocampus in social cognitive mapping, followed by evidence that hippocampal dysfunction and social dysfunction co-occur in psychiatric disorders. We argue that the co-occurrence of hippocampal and social impairment may be related via hippocampal social cognitive mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Schafer
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Daniela Schiller
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
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27
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Concordance of genetic variation that increases risk for anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorders and that influences their underlying neurocircuitry. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:885-896. [PMID: 30699873 PMCID: PMC6519055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been considerable recent advances in understanding the genetic architecture of anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as the underlying neurocircuitry of these disorders. However, there is little work on the concordance of genetic variations that increase risk for these conditions, and that influence subcortical brain structures. We undertook a genome-wide investigation of the overlap between the genetic influences from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on volumes of subcortical brain structures and genetic risk for anxiety disorders and PTSD. METHOD We obtained summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of anxiety disorders (Ncases = 7016, Ncontrols = 14,745), PTSD (European sample; Ncases = 2424, Ncontrols = 7113) and of subcortical brain structures (N = 13,171). SNP Effect Concordance Analysis (SECA) and Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) Score Regression were used to examine genetic pleiotropy, concordance, and genome-wide correlations respectively. SECAs conditional false discovery was used to identify specific risk variants associated with anxiety disorders or PTSD when conditioning on brain related traits. RESULTS For anxiety disorders, we found evidence of significant concordance between increased anxiety risk variants and variants associated with smaller amygdala volume. Further, by conditioning on brain volume GWAS, we identified novel variants that associate with smaller brain volumes and increase risk for disorders: rs56242606 was found to increase risk for anxiety disorders, while two variants (rs6470292 and rs683250) increase risk for PTSD, when conditioning on the GWAS of putamen volume. LIMITATIONS Despite using the largest available GWAS summary statistics, the analyses were limited by sample size. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data indicate that there is genome wide concordance between genetic risk factors for anxiety disorders and those for smaller amygdala volume, which is consistent with research that supports the involvement of the amygdala in anxiety disorders. It is notable that a genetic variant that contributes to both reduced putamen volume and PTSD plays a key role in the glutamatergic system. Further work with GWAS summary statistics from larger samples, and a more extensive look at the genetics underlying brain circuits, is needed to fully delineate the genetic architecture of these disorders and their underlying neurocircuitry.
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28
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Yang F, Fan L, Zhai T, Lin Y, Wang Y, Ma J, Liao M, Zhang Y, Li L, Su L, Dai Z. Decreased Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in First-Episode, Drug-Naive Adolescents With Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 12:539. [PMID: 30687052 PMCID: PMC6337053 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry about everyday life. Prior neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that GAD is associated with disruptions in specific brain regions; however, little is known about the global functional connectivity maps in adolescents with GAD. Here, first-episode, medication-naive, adolescent GAD patients (N = 36) and healthy controls (N = 28) (HCs) underwent resting-state functional MRI (R-fMRI) and completed a package of questionnaires to assess clinical symptoms. Functional connectivity strength and seed-based functional connectivity were employed to investigate the functional connectivity architecture. GAD patients showed reduced functional connectivity strength in right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and right superior parietal gyrus (SPG) compared with HCs. Further seed-based functional connectivity analysis revealed that GAD patients displayed decreased functional connectivity between right SMG and left fusiform gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, bilateral precuneus and cuneus, and between right SPG and bilateral supplementary motor area and middle cingulate gyrus, as well as between the SMG-based network and the SPG-based network. Moreover, the disrupted intra-network connectivity (i.e., the SMG-based network and the SPG-based network) and inter-network connectivity between the SMG-based network and the SPG-based network accounted for 25.5% variance of the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and 39.5% variance of the trait subscale of STAI. Our findings highlight the abnormal functional architecture in the SMG-based network and the SPG-based network in GAD, providing novel insights into the pathological mechanisms of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Zhai
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyin Wang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junji Ma
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linyan Su
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengjia Dai
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Gorka AX, Fuchs B, Grillon C, Ernst M. Impact of induced anxiety on neural responses to monetary incentives. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 13:1111-1119. [PMID: 30289497 PMCID: PMC6234319 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research demonstrates that aversive stimuli can interrupt appetitive processing and that brain regions involved with the processing of potential rewards, such as the ventral striatum (VS), also respond to threatening information. Potential losses can likewise activate the VS and, thus, the full extent to which threat can impact neural responses during incentive processing remains unclear. Here, unpredictable threat of shock was used to induce anxiety while participants performed the monetary incentive delay (MID) task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). During anticipation, anxiety impacted neural responses within the bilateral VS and distributed regions of the occipital cortex. Anxiety enhanced activity within the VS to both gain and loss trials. Furthermore, anxiety enhanced activity to both gain and loss trials within dorsal areas of BA19. However, anxiety only enhanced activity during gain, but not loss trials, within ventral areas of BA19. These results suggest that during anticipation, induced anxiety enhanced VS activity to incentives generally, which might reflect changes in the subjective salience of gains and losses. Collectively, these results suggest that the impact of induced anxiety on responses to monetary incentives depend on the neural region, type of incentive, and stage of processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam X Gorka
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear & Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bari Fuchs
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Christian Grillon
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear & Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monique Ernst
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear & Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Sleep-amount differentially affects fear-processing neural circuitry in pediatric anxiety: A preliminary fMRI investigation. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 17:1098-1113. [PMID: 28913727 PMCID: PMC5709437 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-017-0535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient sleep, as well as the incidence of anxiety disorders, both peak during adolescence. While both conditions present perturbations in fear-processing-related neurocircuitry, it is unknown whether these neurofunctional alterations directly link anxiety and compromised sleep in adolescents. Fourteen anxious adolescents (AAs) and 19 healthy adolescents (HAs) were compared on a measure of sleep amount and neural responses to negatively valenced faces during fMRI. Group differences in neural response to negative faces emerged in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the hippocampus. In both regions, correlation of sleep amount with BOLD activation was positive in AAs, but negative in HAs. Follow-up psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses indicated positive connectivity between dACC and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and between hippocampus and insula. This connectivity was correlated negatively with sleep amount in AAs, but positively in HAs. In conclusion, the presence of clinical anxiety modulated the effects of sleep-amount on neural reactivity to negative faces differently among this group of adolescents, which may contribute to different clinical significance and outcomes of sleep disturbances in healthy adolescents and patients with anxiety disorders.
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31
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Jung YH, Shin JE, Lee YI, Jang JH, Jo HJ, Choi SH. Altered Amygdala Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Hemispheric Asymmetry in Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:164. [PMID: 29755374 PMCID: PMC5932339 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The amygdala plays a key role in emotional hyperreactivity in response to social threat in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD). We investigated resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FCN) of the left and right amygdala with various brain regions and functional lateralization in patients with SAD. Methods: A total of 36 patients with SAD and 42 matched healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at rest. Using the left and right amygdala as seed regions, we compared the strength of the rs-FCN in the patient and control groups. Furthermore, we investigated group differences in the hemispheric asymmetry of the functional connectivity maps of the left and right amygdala. Results: Compared with healthy controls, the rs-FCN between the left amygdala and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was reduced in patients with SAD, whereas left amygdala connectivity with the fusiform gyrus, anterior insula, supramarginal gyrus, and precuneus was increased or positively deflected in the patient group. Additionally, the strength rs-FCN between the left amygdala and anterior insula was positively associated with the severity of the fear of negative evaluation in patients with SAD (r = 0.338, p = 0.044). The rs-FCN between the right amygdala and medial frontal gyrus was decreased in patients with SAD compared with healthy controls, whereas connectivity with the parahippocampal gyrus was greater in the patient group than in the control group. The hemispheric asymmetry patterns in the anterior insula, intraparietal sulcus (IPS), and inferior frontal gyrus of the patient group were opposite those of the control group, and functional lateralization of the connectivity between the amygdala and the IPS was associated with the severity of social anxiety symptoms (r = 0.365, p = 0.037). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that in addition to impaired fronto-amygdala communication, the functional lateralization of amygdala function plays a central role in the pathophysiology of SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ha Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung E Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonji I Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon H Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hang J Jo
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Soo-Hee Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine in SNU-MRC, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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32
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Yang X, Liu J, Meng Y, Xia M, Cui Z, Wu X, Hu X, Zhang W, Gong G, Gong Q, Sweeney JA, He Y. Network analysis reveals disrupted functional brain circuitry in drug-naive social anxiety disorder. Neuroimage 2017; 190:213-223. [PMID: 29223742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common and disabling condition characterized by excessive fear and avoidance of public scrutiny. Psychoradiology studies have suggested that the emotional and behavior deficits in SAD are associated with abnormalities in regional brain function and functional connectivity. However, little is known about whether intrinsic functional brain networks in patients with SAD are topologically disrupted. Here, we collected resting-state fMRI data from 33 drug-naive patients with SAD and 32 healthy controls (HC), constructed functional networks with 34 predefined regions based on previous meta-analytic research with task-based fMRI in SAD, and performed network-based statistic and graph-theory analyses. The network-based statistic analysis revealed a single connected abnormal circuitry including the frontolimbic circuit (termed the "fear circuit", including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventral medial prefrontal cortex and insula) and posterior cingulate/occipital areas supporting perceptual processing. In this single altered network, patients with SAD had higher functional connectivity than HC. At the global level, graph-theory analysis revealed that the patients exhibited a lower normalized characteristic path length than HC, which suggests a disorder-related shift of network topology toward randomized configurations. SAD-related deficits in nodal degree, efficiency and participation coefficient were detected in the parahippocampal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, insula and the calcarine sulcus. Aspects of abnormal connectivity were associated with anxiety symptoms. These findings highlight the aberrant topological organization of functional brain network organization in SAD, which provides insights into the neural mechanisms underlying excessive fear and avoidance of social interactions in patients with debilitating social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Yang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yajing Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mingrui Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zaixu Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gaolang Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - John A Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Yong He
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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33
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Luo L, Becker B, Zheng X, Zhao Z, Xu X, Zhou F, Wang J, Kou J, Dai J, Kendrick KM. A dimensional approach to determine common and specific neurofunctional markers for depression and social anxiety during emotional face processing. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:758-771. [PMID: 29105895 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depression disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorder are both prevalent and debilitating. High rates of comorbidity between MDD and social anxiety disorder (SAD) suggest common pathological pathways, including aberrant neural processing of interpersonal signals. In patient populations, the determination of common and distinct neurofunctional markers of MDD and SAD is often hampered by confounding factors, such as generally elevated anxiety levels and disorder-specific brain structural alterations. This study employed a dimensional disorder approach to map neurofunctional markers associated with levels of depression and social anxiety symptoms in a cohort of 91 healthy subjects using an emotional face processing paradigm. Examining linear associations between levels of depression and social anxiety, while controlling for trait anxiety revealed that both were associated with exaggerated dorsal striatal reactivity to fearful and sad expression faces respectively. Exploratory analysis revealed that depression scores were positively correlated with dorsal striatal functional connectivity during processing of fearful faces, whereas those of social anxiety showed a negative association during processing of sad faces. No linear relationships between levels of depression and social anxiety were observed during a facial-identity matching task or with brain structure. Together, the present findings indicate that dorsal striatal neurofunctional alterations might underlie aberrant interpersonal processing associated with both increased levels of depression and social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Feng Zhou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Jiaojian Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Juan Kou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Jing Dai
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Keith M Kendrick
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
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34
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Sex- and Estrus-Dependent Differences in Rat Basolateral Amygdala. J Neurosci 2017; 37:10567-10586. [PMID: 28954870 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0758-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are diagnosed almost twice as often in women, and the symptomology differs in men and women and is sensitive to sex hormones. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) contributes to emotion-related behaviors that differ between males and females and across the reproductive cycle. This hints at sex- or estrus-dependent features of BLA function, about which very little is known. The purpose of this study was to test whether there are sex differences or estrous cyclicity in rat BLA physiology and to determine their mechanistic correlates. We found substantial sex differences in the activity of neurons in lateral nuclei (LAT) and basal nuclei (BA) of the BLA that were associated with greater excitatory synaptic input in females. We also found strong differences in the activity of LAT and BA neurons across the estrous cycle. These differences were associated with a shift in the inhibition-excitation balance such that LAT had relatively greater inhibition during proestrus which paralleled more rapid cued fear extinction. In contrast, BA had relatively greater inhibition during diestrus that paralleled more rapid contextual fear extinction. These results are the first to demonstrate sex differences in BLA neuronal activity and the impact of estrous cyclicity on these measures. The shift between LAT and BA predominance across the estrous cycle provides a simple construct for understanding the effects of the estrous cycle on BLA-dependent behaviors. These results provide a novel framework to understand the cyclicity of emotional memory and highlight the importance of considering ovarian cycle when studying the BLA of females.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There are differences in emotional responses and many psychiatric symptoms between males and females. This may point to sex differences in limbic brain regions. Here we demonstrate sex differences in neuronal activity in one key limbic region, the basolateral amygdala (BLA), whose activity fluctuates across the estrous cycle due to a shift in the balance of inhibition and excitation across two BLA regions, the lateral and basal nuclei. By uncovering this push-pull shift between lateral and basal nuclei, these results help to explain disparate findings about the effects of biological sex and estrous cyclicity on emotion and provide a framework for understanding fluctuations in emotional memory and psychiatric symptoms.
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35
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Bas-Hoogendam JM, van Steenbergen H, Nienke Pannekoek J, Fouche JP, Lochner C, Hattingh CJ, Cremers HR, Furmark T, Månsson KN, Frick A, Engman J, Boraxbekk CJ, Carlbring P, Andersson G, Fredrikson M, Straube T, Peterburs J, Klumpp H, Phan KL, Roelofs K, Veltman DJ, van Tol MJ, Stein DJ, van der Wee NJ. Voxel-based morphometry multi-center mega-analysis of brain structure in social anxiety disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 16:678-688. [PMID: 30140607 PMCID: PMC6103329 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent and disabling mental disorder, associated with significant psychiatric co-morbidity. Previous research on structural brain alterations associated with SAD has yielded inconsistent results concerning the direction of the changes in gray matter (GM) in various brain regions, as well as on the relationship between brain structure and SAD-symptomatology. These heterogeneous findings are possibly due to limited sample sizes. Multi-site imaging offers new opportunities to investigate SAD-related alterations in brain structure in larger samples. An international multi-center mega-analysis on the largest database of SAD structural T1-weighted 3T MRI scans to date was performed to compare GM volume of SAD-patients (n = 174) and healthy control (HC)-participants (n = 213) using voxel-based morphometry. A hypothesis-driven region of interest (ROI) approach was used, focusing on the basal ganglia, the amygdala-hippocampal complex, the prefrontal cortex, and the parietal cortex. SAD-patients had larger GM volume in the dorsal striatum when compared to HC-participants. This increase correlated positively with the severity of self-reported social anxiety symptoms. No SAD-related differences in GM volume were present in the other ROIs. Thereby, the results of this mega-analysis suggest a role for the dorsal striatum in SAD, but previously reported SAD-related changes in GM in the amygdala, hippocampus, precuneus, prefrontal cortex and parietal regions were not replicated. Our findings emphasize the importance of large sample imaging studies and the need for meta-analyses like those performed by the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium. Multi-center mega-analysis on gray matter (GM) in social anxiety disorder (SAD) Largest sample available for analysis to date: 174 SAD-patients vs 213 controls Larger GM volume in the right putamen in SAD-patients No SAD-related alterations in amygdala-hippocampal, prefrontal or parietal regions Results stress need for larger samples and meta-analyses - cf. ENIGMA Consortium
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Marie Bas-Hoogendam
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author at: Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Henk van Steenbergen
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J. Nienke Pannekoek
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Paul Fouche
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christine Lochner
- SU/UCT MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Coenraad J. Hattingh
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Henk R. Cremers
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomas Furmark
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer N.T. Månsson
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Frick
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Engman
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Per Carlbring
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Psychology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mats Fredrikson
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jutta Peterburs
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Heide Klumpp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - K. Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Karin Roelofs
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-José van Tol
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
- SU/UCT MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, South Africa
| | - Nic J.A. van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
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36
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Understanding comorbidity among internalizing problems: Integrating latent structural models of psychopathology and risk mechanisms. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 28:987-1012. [PMID: 27739389 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that comorbidity is the rule, not the exception, for categorically defined psychiatric disorders, and this is also the case for internalizing disorders of depression and anxiety. This theoretical review paper addresses the ubiquity of comorbidity among internalizing disorders. Our central thesis is that progress in understanding this co-occurrence can be made by employing latent dimensional structural models that organize psychopathology as well as vulnerabilities and risk mechanisms and by connecting the multiple levels of risk and psychopathology outcomes together. Different vulnerabilities and risk mechanisms are hypothesized to predict different levels of the structural model of psychopathology. We review the present state of knowledge based on concurrent and developmental sequential comorbidity patterns among common discrete psychiatric disorders in youth, and then we advocate for the use of more recent bifactor dimensional models of psychopathology (e.g., p factor; Caspi et al., 2014) that can help to explain the co-occurrence among internalizing symptoms. In support of this relatively novel conceptual perspective, we review six exemplar vulnerabilities and risk mechanisms, including executive function, information processing biases, cognitive vulnerabilities, positive and negative affectivity aspects of temperament, and autonomic dysregulation, along with the developmental occurrence of stressors in different domains, to show how these vulnerabilities can predict the general latent psychopathology factor, a unique latent internalizing dimension, as well as specific symptom syndrome manifestations.
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37
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Dasdemir Y, Yildirim E, Yildirim S. Analysis of functional brain connections for positive-negative emotions using phase locking value. Cogn Neurodyn 2017; 11:487-500. [PMID: 29147142 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-017-9447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the brain networks during positive and negative emotions for different types of stimulus (audio only, video only and audio + video) in [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] bands in terms of phase locking value, a nonlinear method to study functional connectivity. Results show notable hemispheric lateralization as phase synchronization values between channels are significant and high in right hemisphere for all emotions. Left frontal electrodes are also found to have control over emotion in terms of functional connectivity. Besides significant inter-hemisphere phase locking values are observed between left and right frontal regions, specifically between left anterior frontal and right mid-frontal, inferior-frontal and anterior frontal regions; and also between left and right mid frontal regions. ANOVA analysis for stimulus types show that stimulus types are not separable for emotions having high valence. PLV values are significantly different only for negative emotions or neutral emotions between audio only/video only and audio only/audio + video stimuli. Finding no significant difference between video only and audio + video stimuli is interesting and might be interpreted as that video content is the most effective part of a stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasar Dasdemir
- Computer Engineering Department, Iskenderun Technical University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Esen Yildirim
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Adana Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Serdar Yildirim
- Computer Engineering Department, Adana Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
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38
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Jin C, Jia H, Lanka P, Rangaprakash D, Li L, Liu T, Hu X, Deshpande G. Dynamic brain connectivity is a better predictor of PTSD than static connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:4479-4496. [PMID: 28603919 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we test the hypothesis that subjects with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are characterized by reduced temporal variability of brain connectivity compared to matched healthy controls. Specifically, we test whether PTSD is characterized by elevated static connectivity, coupled with decreased temporal variability of those connections, with the latter providing greater sensitivity toward the pathology than the former. Static functional connectivity (FC; nondirectional zero-lag correlation) and static effective connectivity (EC; directional time-lagged relationships) were obtained over the entire brain using conventional models. Dynamic FC and dynamic EC were estimated by letting the conventional models to vary as a function of time. Statistical separation and discriminability of these metrics between the groups and their ability to accurately predict the diagnostic label of a novel subject were ascertained using separate support vector machine classifiers. Our findings support our hypothesis that PTSD subjects have stronger static connectivity, but reduced temporal variability of connectivity. Further, machine learning classification accuracy obtained with dynamic FC and dynamic EC was significantly higher than that obtained with static FC and static EC, respectively. Furthermore, results also indicate that the ease with which brain regions engage or disengage with other regions may be more sensitive to underlying pathology than the strength with which they are engaged. Future studies must examine whether this is true only in the case of PTSD or is a general organizing principle in the human brain. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4479-4496, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Jin
- The Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Jia
- AU MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Department of Automation, College of Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Pradyumna Lanka
- AU MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - D Rangaprakash
- AU MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lingjiang Li
- The Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianming Liu
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Gopikrishna Deshpande
- AU MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Auburn University and University of Alabama Birmingham, Alabama
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39
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Tükel R, Ulasoglu Yildiz C, Ertekin E, Kurt E, Koyuncu A, Aydın K. Evidence for alterations of the right inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculi in patients with social anxiety disorder. Brain Res 2017; 1662:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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40
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A. Richey J, Ghane M, Valdespino A, Coffman MC, Strege MV, White SW, Ollendick TH. Spatiotemporal dissociation of brain activity underlying threat and reward in social anxiety disorder. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:81-94. [PMID: 27798252 PMCID: PMC5390704 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) involves abnormalities in social motivation, which may be independent of well-documented differences in fear and arousal systems. Yet, the neurobiology underlying motivational difficulties in SAD is not well understood. The aim of the current study was to spatiotemporally dissociate reward circuitry dysfunction from alterations in fear and arousal-related neural activity during anticipation and notification of social and non-social reward and punishment. During fMRI acquisition, non-depressed adults with social anxiety disorder (SAD; N = 21) and age-, sex- and IQ-matched control subjects (N = 22) completed eight runs of an incentive delay task, alternating between social and monetary outcomes and interleaved in alternating order between gain and loss outcomes. Adults with SAD demonstrated significantly reduced neural activity in ventral striatum during the anticipation of positive but not negative social outcomes. No differences between the SAD and control groups were observed during anticipation of monetary gain or loss outcomes or during anticipation of negative social images. However, consistent with previous work, the SAD group demonstrated amygdala hyper-activity upon notification of negative social outcomes. Degraded anticipatory processing in bilateral ventral striatum in SAD was constrained exclusively to anticipation of positive social information and dissociable from the effects of negative social outcomes previously observed in the amygdala. Alterations in anticipation-related neural signals may represent a promising target for treatment that is not addressed by available evidence-based interventions, which focus primarily on fear extinction and habituation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Richey
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Merage Ghane
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Andrew Valdespino
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Marika C. Coffman
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Marlene V. Strege
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Susan W. White
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Virginia Tech Child Study Center, Suite 207, Turner St, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Thomas H. Ollendick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Virginia Tech Child Study Center, Suite 207, Turner St, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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41
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Wong QJJ, Rapee RM. The aetiology and maintenance of social anxiety disorder: A synthesis of complimentary theoretical models and formulation of a new integrated model. J Affect Disord 2016; 203:84-100. [PMID: 27280967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within maintenance models of social anxiety disorder (SAD), a number of cognitive and behavioural factors that drive the persistence of SAD have been proposed. However, these maintenance models do not address how SAD develops, or the origins of the proposed maintaining factors. There are also models of the development of SAD that have been proposed independently from maintenance models. These models highlight multiple factors that contribute risk to the onset of SAD, but do not address how these aetiological factors may lead to the development of the maintaining factors associated with SAD. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify aetiological and maintenance models of SAD. We then united key factors identified in these models and formulated an integrated aetiological and maintenance (IAM) model of SAD. A systematic review of the literature was then conducted on the components of the IAM model. RESULTS A number of aetiological and maintaining factors were identified in models of SAD. These factors could be drawn together into the IAM model. On balance, there is empirical evidence for the association of each of the factors in the IAM model with social anxiety or SAD, providing preliminary support for the model. LIMITATIONS There are relationships between components of the IAM model that require empirical attention. Future research will need to continue to test the IAM model. CONCLUSIONS The IAM model provides a framework for future investigations into the development and persistence of SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quincy J J Wong
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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42
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Brooks SJ, Stein DJ. A systematic review of the neural bases of psychotherapy for anxiety and related disorders. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016. [PMID: 26487807 PMCID: PMC4610611 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2015.17.3/sbrooks] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain imaging studies over two decades have delineated the neural circuitry of anxiety and related disorders, particularly regions involved in fear processing and in obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The neural circuitry of fear processing involves the amygdala, anterior cingulate, and insular cortex, while cortico-striatal-thalamic circuitry plays a key role in obsessive-compulsive disorder. More recently, neuroimaging studies have examined how psychotherapy for anxiety and related disorders impacts on these neural circuits. Here we conduct a systematic review of the findings of such work, which yielded 19 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies examining the neural bases of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in 509 patients with anxiety and related disorders. We conclude that, although each of these related disorders is mediated by somewhat different neural circuitry, CBT may act in a similar way to increase prefrontal control of subcortical structures. These findings are consistent with an emphasis in cognitive-affective neuroscience on the potential therapeutic value of enhancing emotional regulation in various psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Brooks
- UCT Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Grotte Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- UCT Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Grotte Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa; MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
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43
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Heitmann CY, Feldker K, Neumeister P, Zepp BM, Peterburs J, Zwitserlood P, Straube T. Abnormal brain activation and connectivity to standardized disorder-related visual scenes in social anxiety disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:1559-72. [PMID: 26806013 PMCID: PMC6867294 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of altered emotional processing in social anxiety disorder (SAD) is hampered by a heterogeneity of findings, which is probably due to the vastly different methods and materials used so far. This is why the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated immediate disorder-related threat processing in 30 SAD patients and 30 healthy controls (HC) with a novel, standardized set of highly ecologically valid, disorder-related complex visual scenes. SAD patients rated disorder-related as compared with neutral scenes as more unpleasant, arousing and anxiety-inducing than HC. On the neural level, disorder-related as compared with neutral scenes evoked differential responses in SAD patients in a widespread emotion processing network including (para-)limbic structures (e.g. amygdala, insula, thalamus, globus pallidus) and cortical regions (e.g. dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and precuneus). Functional connectivity analysis yielded an altered interplay between PCC/precuneus and paralimbic (insula) as well as cortical regions (dmPFC, precuneus) in SAD patients, which emphasizes a central role for PCC/precuneus in disorder-related scene processing. Hyperconnectivity of globus pallidus with amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) additionally underlines the relevance of this region in socially anxious threat processing. Our findings stress the importance of specific disorder-related stimuli for the investigation of altered emotion processing in SAD. Disorder-related threat processing in SAD reveals anomalies at multiple stages of emotion processing which may be linked to increased anxiety and to dysfunctionally elevated levels of self-referential processing reported in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Yvonne Heitmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, MuensterGermany
| | - Katharina Feldker
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, MuensterGermany
| | - Paula Neumeister
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, MuensterGermany
| | - Britta Maria Zepp
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, MuensterGermany
| | - Jutta Peterburs
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, MuensterGermany
| | | | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, MuensterGermany
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44
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Heany SJ, van Honk J, Stein DJ, Brooks SJ. A quantitative and qualitative review of the effects of testosterone on the function and structure of the human social-emotional brain. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:157-67. [PMID: 26073231 PMCID: PMC4718938 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Social and affective research in humans is increasingly using functional and structural neuroimaging techniques to aid the understanding of how hormones, such as testosterone, modulate a wide range of psychological processes. We conducted a meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of testosterone administration, and of fMRI studies that measured endogenous levels of the hormone, in relation to social and affective stimuli. Furthermore, we conducted a review of structural MRI i.e. voxel based morphometry (VBM) studies which considered brain volume in relation to testosterone levels in adults and in children. In the included testosterone administration fMRI studies, which consisted of female samples only, bilateral amygdala/parahippocampal regions as well as the right caudate were significantly activated by social-affective stimuli in the testosterone condition. In the studies considering endogenous levels of testosterone, stimuli-invoked activations relating to testosterone levels were noted in the bilateral amygdala/parahippocampal regions and the brainstem. When the endogenous testosterone studies were split by sex, the significant activation of the brain stem was seen in the female samples only. Significant stimuli-invoked deactivations relating to endogenous testosterone levels were also seen in the right and left amygdala/parahippocampal regions studies. The findings of the VBM studies were less consistent. In adults larger volumes in the limbic and temporal regions were associated with higher endogenous testosterone. In children, boys showed a positive correlation between testosterone and brain volume in many regions, including the amygdala, as well as global grey matter volume, while girls showed a neutral or negative association between testosterone levels and many brain volumes. In conclusion, amygdalar and parahippocampal regions appear to be key target regions for the acute actions of testosterone in response to social and affective stimuli, while neurodevelopmentally the volumes of a broader network of brain structures are associated with testosterone levels in a sexually dimorphic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Heany
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, J2, Anzio road, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Jack van Honk
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, J2, Anzio road, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, J2, Anzio road, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Samantha J Brooks
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, J2, Anzio road, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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45
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Cui H, Zhang J, Liu Y, Li Q, Li H, Zhang L, Hu Q, Cheng W, Luo Q, Li J, Li W, Wang J, Feng J, Li C, Northoff G. Differential alterations of resting-state functional connectivity in generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:1459-73. [PMID: 26800659 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder (PD) are most common anxiety disorders with high lifetime prevalence while the pathophysiology and disease-specific alterations still remain largely unclear. Few studies have taken a whole-brain perspective in the functional connectivity (FC) analysis of these two disorders in resting state. It limits the ability to identify regionally and psychopathologically specific network abnormalities with their subsequent use as diagnostic marker and novel treatment strategy. The whole brain FC using a novel FC metric was compared, that is, scaled correlation, which they demonstrated to be a reliable FC statistics, but have higher statistical power in two-sample t-test of whole brain FC analysis. About 21 GAD and 18 PD patients were compared with 22 matched control subjects during resting-state, respectively. It was found that GAD patients demonstrated increased FC between hippocampus/parahippocampus and fusiform gyrus among the most significantly changed FC, while PD was mainly associated with greater FC between somatosensory cortex and thalamus. Besides such regional specificity, it was observed that psychopathological specificity in that the disrupted FC pattern in PD and GAD correlated with their respective symptom severity. The findings suggested that the increased FC between hippocampus/parahippocampus and fusiform gyrus in GAD were mainly associated with a fear generalization related neural circuit, while the greater FC between somatosensory cortex and thalamus in PD were more likely linked to interoceptive processing. Due to the observed regional and psychopathological specificity, their findings bear important clinical implications for the potential treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Centre for Computational Systems Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicen Liu
- Centre for Computational Systems Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Centre for Computational Systems Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Centre for Computational Systems Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Centre for Computational Systems Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Georg Northoff
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Centre for Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University (TMU), Taipei, Taiwan
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46
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He Y, Xu T, Zhang W, Zuo XN. Lifespan anxiety is reflected in human amygdala cortical connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 37:1178-93. [PMID: 26859312 PMCID: PMC5064618 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The amygdala plays a pivotal role in processing anxiety and connects to large‐scale brain networks. However, intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) between amygdala and these networks has rarely been examined in relation to anxiety, especially across the lifespan. We employed resting‐state functional MRI data from 280 healthy adults (18–83.5 yrs) to elucidate the relationship between anxiety and amygdala iFC with common cortical networks including the visual network, somatomotor network, dorsal attention network, ventral attention network, limbic network, frontoparietal network, and default network. Global and network‐specific iFC were separately computed as mean iFC of amygdala with the entire cerebral cortex and each cortical network. We detected negative correlation between global positive amygdala iFC and trait anxiety. Network‐specific associations between amygdala iFC and anxiety were also detectable. Specifically, the higher iFC strength between the left amygdala and the limbic network predicted lower state anxiety. For the trait anxiety, left amygdala anxiety–connectivity correlation was observed in both somatomotor and dorsal attention networks, whereas the right amygdala anxiety–connectivity correlation was primarily distributed in the frontoparietal and ventral attention networks. Ventral attention network exhibited significant anxiety–gender interactions on its iFC with amygdala. Together with findings from additional vertex‐wise analysis, these data clearly indicated that both low‐level sensory networks and high‐level associative networks could contribute to detectable predictions of anxiety behaviors by their iFC profiles with the amygdala. This set of systems neuroscience findings could lead to novel functional network models on neural correlates of human anxiety and provide targets for novel treatment strategies on anxiety disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1178–1193, 2016. © 2015 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye He
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Laboratory for Functional Connectome and Development, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Laboratory for Functional Connectome and Development, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xi-Nian Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Laboratory for Functional Connectome and Development, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Beibei, 400715, China.,Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
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47
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Stephenson KG, Quintin EM, South M. Age-Related Differences in Response to Music-Evoked Emotion Among Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2015; 46:1142-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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48
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Stein DJ. Social anxiety disorder and the psychobiology of self-consciousness. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:489. [PMID: 26441590 PMCID: PMC4585074 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) are characterized by fear or anxiety about social situations, but also by important alterations in self-referential processing. Given advances in our understanding of the neurocircuitry and neurochemistry of SAD, the question arises of the relationship between this research and an emergent literature on the psychobiology of self and self-consciousness. A number of investigations of SAD have highlighted altered activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC; involved in self-representation), insula (involved in interoceptive processing), and other structures that play a role in bodily self-consciousness, as well as the potential value of interventions such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and self-focused reappraisal in normalizing such changes. Future studies to more closely investigate associations between psychobiological alterations and changes in self-related processing in SAD, may be useful in shedding additional light on both SAD and self-consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa
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49
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Gentili C, Cristea IA, Angstadt M, Klumpp H, Tozzi L, Phan KL, Pietrini P. Beyond emotions: A meta-analysis of neural response within face processing system in social anxiety. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:225-37. [PMID: 26341469 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215603514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) experience anxiety and avoidance in face-to-face interactions. We performed a meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in SAD to provide a comprehensive understanding of the neural underpinnings of face perception in this disorder. To this purpose, we adopted an innovative approach, asking authors for unpublished data. This is a common procedure for behavioral meta-analyses, which, however has never been used in neuroimaging studies. We searched Pubmed with the key words "Social Anxiety AND faces" and "Social Phobia AND faces." Then, we selected those fMRI studies for which we were able to obtain data for the comparison between SAD and healthy controls (HC) in a face perception task, either from the published papers or from the authors themselves. In this way, we obtained 23 studies (totaling 449 SAD and 424 HC individuals). We identified significant clusters in which faces evoked a higher response in SAD in bilateral amygdala, globus pallidus, superior temporal sulcus, visual cortex, and prefrontal cortex. We also found a higher activity for HC in the lingual gyrus and in the posterior cingulate. Our findings show that altered neural response to face in SAD is not limited to emotional structures but involves a complex network. These results may have implications for the understanding of SAD pathophysiology, as they suggest that a dysfunctional face perception process may bias patient person-to-person interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Gentili
- Clinical Psychology Branch - Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy Department of General Psychology - University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Ioana Alina Cristea
- Clinical Psychology Branch - Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University Babes-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, RO 400015, Romania
| | - Mike Angstadt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Heide Klumpp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA Department Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Chicago, IL 60612, USA Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Pietro Pietrini
- Clinical Psychology Branch - Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
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50
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Dynamic changes in amygdala activation and functional connectivity in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Dev Psychopathol 2015; 26:1305-19. [PMID: 25422963 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579414001047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are associated with abnormalities in amygdala function and prefrontal cortex-amygdala connectivity. The majority of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have examined mean group differences in amygdala activation or connectivity in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders relative to controls, but emerging evidence suggests that abnormalities in amygdala function are dependent on the timing of the task and may vary across the course of a scanning session. The goal of the present study was to extend our knowledge of the dynamics of amygdala dysfunction by examining whether changes in amygdala activation and connectivity over scanning differ in pediatric anxiety disorder patients relative to typically developing controls during an emotion processing task. Examining changes in activation over time allows for a comparison of how brain function differs during initial exposure to novel stimuli versus more prolonged exposure. Participants included 34 anxiety disorder patients and 19 controls 7 to 19 years old. Participants performed an emotional face-matching task during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning, and the task was divided into thirds in order to examine change in activation over time. Results demonstrated that patients exhibited an abnormal pattern of amygdala activation characterized by an initially heightened amygdala response relative to controls at the beginning of scanning, followed by significant decreases in activation over time. In addition, controls evidenced greater context-modulated prefrontal cortex-amygdala connectivity during the beginning of scanning relative to patients. These results indicate that differences in emotion processing between the groups vary from initial exposure to novel stimuli relative to more prolonged exposure. Implications are discussed regarding how this pattern of neural activation may relate to altered early-occurring or anticipatory emotion-regulation strategies and maladaptive later-occurring strategies in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders.
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