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Prosser S, Fava M, Rogers LM, Liaset B, Breen L. Postprandial plasma amino acid and appetite responses with ingestion of a novel salmon-derived protein peptide in healthy young adults. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1860-1872. [PMID: 38418422 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed postprandial plasma aminoacidemia, glycemia, insulinemia and appetite responses to ingestion of a novel salmon-derived protein peptide (Salmon PP) compared with milk protein isolate (Milk PI). In a randomised, participant-blind crossover design, eleven healthy adults (M = 5, F = 6; mean ± sd age: 22 ± 3 years; BMI: 24 ± 3 kg/m2) ingested 0·3 g/kg/body mass of Salmon PP or Milk PI. Arterialised blood samples were collected whilst fasted and over a 240-min postprandial period. Appetite sensations were measured via visual analogue scales. An ad libitum buffet-style test meal was administered after each trial. The incremental AUC (iAUC) plasma essential amino acid (EAA) response was similar between Salmon PP and Milk PI. The iAUC plasma leucine response was significantly greater following Milk PI ingestion (P < 0·001), whereas temporal and iAUC plasma total amino acid (P = 0·001), non-essential amino acid (P = 0·002), glycine (P = 0·0025) and hydroxyproline (P < 0·001) responses were greater following Salmon PP ingestion. Plasma insulin increased similarly above post-absorptive values following Salmon PP and Milk PI ingestion, whilst plasma glucose was largely unaltered. Indices of appetite were similarly altered following Salmon PP and Milk PI ingestion, and total energy and macronutrient intake during the ad libitum meal was similar between Salmon PP and Milk PI. The postprandial plasma EAA, glycine, proline and hydroxyproline response to Salmon PP ingestion suggest this novel protein source could support muscle and possibly connective tissue adaptive remodelling, which warrants further investigation, particularly as the plasma leucine response to Salmon PP ingestion was inferior to Milk PI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Prosser
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
| | - Mia Fava
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
| | - Lucy M Rogers
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK
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2
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Nyland J, Sirignano MN, Richards J, Krupp RJ. Regenerative Anterior Cruciate Ligament Healing in Youth and Adolescent Athletes: The Emerging Age of Recovery Science. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:80. [PMID: 38804446 PMCID: PMC11130880 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries mainly arise from non-contact mechanisms during sport performance, with most injuries occurring among youth or adolescent-age athletes, particularly females. The growing popularity of elite-level sport training has increased the total volume, intensity and frequency of exercise and competition loading to levels that may exceed natural healing capacity. Growing evidence suggests that the prevailing mechanism that leads to non-contact ACL injury from sudden mechanical fatigue failure may be accumulated microtrauma. Given the consequences of primary ACL injury on the future health and quality of life of youth and adolescent athletes, the objective of this review is to identify key "recovery science" factors that can help prevent these injuries. Recovery science is any aspect of sports training (type, volume, intensity, frequency), nutrition, and sleep/rest or other therapeutic modalities that may prevent the accumulated microtrauma that precedes non-contact ACL injury from sudden mechanical fatigue failure. This review discusses ACL injury epidemiology, current surgical efficacy, the native ACL vascular network, regional ACL histological complexities such as the entheses and crimp patterns, extracellular matrix remodeling, the concept of causal histogenesis, exercise dosage and ligament metabolism, central nervous system reorganization post-ACL rupture, homeostasis regulation, nutrition, sleep and the autonomic nervous system. Based on this information, now may be a good time to re-think primary ACL injury prevention strategies with greater use of modified sport training, improved active recovery that includes well-planned nutrition, and healthy sleep patterns. The scientific rationale behind the efficacy of regenerative orthobiologics and concomitant therapies for primary ACL injury prevention in youth and adolescent athletes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Nyland
- Norton Orthopedic Institute, 9880 Angie’s Way, Suite 250, Louisville, KY 40241, USA (J.R.); (R.J.K.)
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3
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Aussieker T, Janssen TAH, Hermans WJH, Holwerda AM, Senden JM, van Kranenburg JMX, Goessens JPB, Snijders T, van Loon LJC. Coingestion of Collagen With Whey Protein Prevents Postexercise Decline in Plasma Glycine Availability in Recreationally Active Men. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38604602 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Whey protein ingestion during recovery from exercise increases myofibrillar but not muscle connective protein synthesis rates. It has been speculated that whey protein does not provide sufficient glycine to maximize postexercise muscle connective protein synthesis rates. In the present study, we assessed the impact of coingesting different amounts of collagen with whey protein as a nutritional strategy to increase plasma glycine availability during recovery from exercise. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 14 recreationally active men (age: 26 ± 5 years; body mass index: 23.8 ± 2.1 kg·m-2) ingested in total 30 g protein, provided as whey protein with 0 g (WHEY), 5 g (WC05); 10 g (WC10), and 15 g (WC15) of collagen protein immediately after a single bout of resistance exercise. Blood samples were collected frequently over 6 hr of postexercise recovery to assess postprandial plasma amino acid kinetics and availability. Protein ingestion strongly increased plasma amino acid concentrations (p < .001) with no differences in plasma total amino acid availability between treatments (p > .05). The postprandial rise in plasma leucine and essential amino acid availability was greater in WHEY compared with the WC10 and WC15 treatments (p < .05). Plasma glycine and nonessential amino acid concentrations declined following whey protein ingestion but increased following collagen coingestion (p < .05). Postprandial plasma glycine availability averaged -8.9 ± 5.8, 9.2 ± 3.7, 23.1 ± 6.5, and 39.8 ± 11.0 mmol·360 min/L in WHEY, WC05, WC10, and WC15, respectively (incremental area under curve values, p < .05). Coingestion of a small amount of collagen (5 g) with whey protein (25 g) is sufficient to prevent the decline in plasma glycine availability during recovery from lower body resistance-type exercise in recreationally active men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorben Aussieker
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom A H Janssen
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wesley J H Hermans
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew M Holwerda
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joan M Senden
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Janneau M X van Kranenburg
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joy P B Goessens
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Snijders
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Bischof K, Stafilidis S, Bundschuh L, Oesser S, Baca A, König D. Reduction in systemic muscle stress markers after exercise-induced muscle damage following concurrent training and supplementation with specific collagen peptides - a randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1384112. [PMID: 38590831 PMCID: PMC10999617 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1384112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Collagen peptide supplementation in conjunction with exercise has been shown to improve structural and functional adaptations of both muscles and the extracellular matrix. This study aimed to explore whether specific collagen peptide (SCP) supplementation combined with a concurrent training intervention can improve muscular stress after exercise-induced muscle damage, verified by reliable blood markers. Methods 55 sedentary to moderately active males participating in a concurrent training (CT) intervention (3x/week) for 12 weeks were administered either 15 g of SCP or placebo (PLA) daily. Before (T1) and after the intervention (T2), 150 muscle-damaging drop jumps were performed. Blood samples were collected to measure creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), myoglobin (MYO) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) before, after, and at 2 h, 24 h and 48 h post exercise. Results A combination of concurrent training and SCP administration showed statistically significant interaction effects, implying a lower increase in the area under the curve (AUC) of MYO (p = 0.004, ηp2 = 0.184), CK (p = 0.01, ηp2 = 0.145) and LDH (p = 0.016, ηp2 = 0.133) in the SCP group. On closer examination, the absolute mean differences (ΔAUCs) showed statistical significance in MYO (p = 0.017, d = 0.771), CK (p = 0.039, d = 0.633) and LDH (p = 0.016, d = 0.764) by SCP supplementation. Conclusion In conclusion, 12 weeks of 15 g SCP supplementation combined with CT intervention reduced acute markers of exercise-induced muscle damage and improved post-exercise regenerative capacity, as evidenced by the altered post-exercise time course. The current findings indicate that SCP supplementation had a positive effect on the early phase of muscular recovery by either improving the structural integrity of the muscle and extracellular matrix during the training period or by accelerating membrane and cytoskeletal protein repair. Clinical trial registration https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05220371?cond=NCT05220371&rank=1, NCT05220371.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bischof
- Centre for Sports Science and University Sports, Department of Sports Science, Section for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Savvas Stafilidis
- Centre for Sports Science and University Sports, Department for Biomechanics, Kinesiology and Computer Science in Sport, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Larissa Bundschuh
- Centre for Sports Science and University Sports, Department of Sports Science, Section for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Arnold Baca
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Sports Science and University Sports, Department for Biomechanics, Kinesiology and Computer Science in Sport, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel König
- Centre for Sports Science and University Sports, Department of Sports Science, Section for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department for Nutrition, Section for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Thomas C, Kingshott RN, Allott KM, Tang JCY, Dunn R, Fraser WD, Thorley J, Virgilio N, Prawitt J, Hogervorst E, Škarabot J, Clifford T. Collagen peptide supplementation before bedtime reduces sleep fragmentation and improves cognitive function in physically active males with sleep complaints. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:323-335. [PMID: 37874350 PMCID: PMC10799148 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03267-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary aim of this study was to examine whether a glycine-rich collagen peptides (CP) supplement could enhance sleep quality in physically active men with self-reported sleep complaints. METHODS In a randomized, crossover design, 13 athletic males (age: 24 ± 4 years; training volume; 7 ± 3 h·wk1) with sleep complaints (Athens Insomnia Scale, 9 ± 2) consumed CP (15 g·day1) or a placebo control (CON) 1 h before bedtime for 7 nights. Sleep quality was measured with subjective sleep diaries and actigraphy for 7 nights; polysomnographic sleep and core temperature were recorded on night 7. Cognition, inflammation, and endocrine function were measured on night 7 and the following morning. Subjective sleepiness and fatigue were measured on all 7 nights. The intervention trials were separated by ≥ 7 days and preceded by a 7-night familiarisation trial. RESULTS Polysomnography showed less awakenings with CP than CON (21.3 ± 9.7 vs. 29.3 ± 13.8 counts, respectively; P = 0.028). The 7-day average for subjective awakenings were less with CP vs. CON (1.3 ± 1.5 vs. 1.9 ± 0.6 counts, respectively; P = 0.023). The proportion of correct responses on the baseline Stroop cognitive test were higher with CP than CON (1.00 ± 0.00 vs. 0.97 ± 0.05 AU, respectively; P = 0.009) the morning after night 7. There were no trial differences in core temperature, endocrine function, inflammation, subjective sleepiness, fatigue and sleep quality, or other measures of cognitive function or sleep (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION CP supplementation did not influence sleep quantity, latency, or efficiency, but reduced awakenings and improved cognitive function in physically active males with sleep complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Thomas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Ruth N Kingshott
- Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, The Sleep House, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kirsty M Allott
- Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, The Sleep House, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jonathan C Y Tang
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Norfolk, Norwich, UK
- Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology Norfolk, Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Rachel Dunn
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Norfolk, Norwich, UK
- Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology Norfolk, Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - William D Fraser
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Norfolk, Norwich, UK
- Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology Norfolk, Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Josh Thorley
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | | | | | - Eef Hogervorst
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Jakob Škarabot
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Tom Clifford
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
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AUSSIEKER THORBEN, HILKENS LUUK, HOLWERDA ANDREWM, FUCHS CASJ, HOUBEN LISANNEHP, SENDEN JOANM, VAN DIJK JANWILLEM, SNIJDERS TIM, VAN LOON LUCJC. Collagen Protein Ingestion during Recovery from Exercise Does Not Increase Muscle Connective Protein Synthesis Rates. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1792-1802. [PMID: 37202878 PMCID: PMC10487367 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein ingestion during recovery from exercise has been reported to augment myofibrillar protein synthesis rates, without increasing muscle connective protein synthesis rates. It has been suggested that collagen protein may be effective in stimulating muscle connective protein synthesis. The present study assessed the capacity of both whey and collagen protein ingestion to stimulate postexercise myofibrillar and muscle connective protein synthesis rates. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, parallel design, 45 young male ( n = 30) and female ( n = 15) recreational athletes (age, 25 ± 4 yr; body mass index, 24.1 ± 2.0 kg·m -2 ) were selected to receive primed continuous intravenous infusions with l -[ring- 13 C 6 ]-phenylalanine and l -[3,5- 2 H 2 ]-tyrosine. After a single session of resistance type exercise, subjects were randomly allocated to one of three groups ingesting either 30 g whey protein (WHEY, n = 15), 30 g collagen protein (COLL, n = 15) or a noncaloric placebo (PLA, n = 15). Blood and muscle biopsy samples were collected over a subsequent 5-h recovery period to assess both myofibrillar and muscle connective protein synthesis rates. RESULTS Protein ingestion increased circulating plasma amino acid concentrations ( P < 0.05). The postprandial rise in plasma leucine and essential amino acid concentrations was greater in WHEY compared with COLL, whereas plasma glycine and proline concentrations increased more in COLL compared with WHEY ( P < 0.05). Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates averaged 0.041 ± 0.010, 0.036 ± 0.010, and 0.032 ± 0.007%·h -1 in WHEY, COLL and PLA, respectively, with only WHEY resulting in higher rates when compared with PLA ( P < 0.05). Muscle connective protein synthesis rates averaged 0.072 ± 0.019, 0.068 ± 0.017, and 0.058 ± 0.018%·h -1 in WHEY, COLL, and PLA, respectively, with no significant differences between groups ( P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS Ingestion of whey protein during recovery from exercise increases myofibrillar protein synthesis rates. Neither collagen nor whey protein ingestion further increased muscle connective protein synthesis rates during the early stages of postexercise recovery in both male and female recreational athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- THORBEN AUSSIEKER
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - LUUK HILKENS
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS
- School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - ANDREW M. HOLWERDA
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - CAS J. FUCHS
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - LISANNE H. P. HOUBEN
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - JOAN M. SENDEN
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - JAN-WILLEM VAN DIJK
- School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - TIM SNIJDERS
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - LUC J. C. VAN LOON
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS
- School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, THE NETHERLANDS
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Ambli M, Deracinois B, Jenequin AS, Ravallec R, Cudennec B, Flahaut C. Impact of Bioinformatics Search Parameters for Peptides' Identification and Their Post-Translational Modifications: A Case Study of Proteolysed Gelatines from Beef, Pork, and Fish. Foods 2023; 12:2524. [PMID: 37444262 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioinformatics software, allowing the identification of peptides by the comparison of peptide fragmentation spectra obtained by mass spectrometry versus targeted databases or directly by de novo sequencing, is now mandatory in peptidomics/proteomics approaches. Programming the identification software requires specifying, among other things, the mass measurement accuracy of the instrument and the digestion enzyme used with the number of missed cleavages allowed. Moreover, these software algorithms are able to identify a large number of post-translational modifications (PTMs). However, peptide and PTM identifications are challenging in the agrofood field due to non-specific cleavage sites of physiological- or food-grade enzymes and the number and location of PTMs. In this study, we show the importance of customized software programming to obtain a better peptide and PTM identification rate in the agrofood field. A gelatine product and one industrial gelatine hydrolysate from three different sources (beef, pork, and fish), each digested by simulated gastrointestinal digestion, MS-grade trypsin, or both, were used to perform the comparisons. Two main points are illustrated: (i) the impact of the set-up of specific enzyme versus no specific enzyme use and (ii) the impact of a maximum of six PTMs allowed per peptide versus the standard of three. Prior knowledge of the composition of the raw proteins is an important asset for better identification of peptide sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Ambli
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro-INRAe N° 1158, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, INRAe, Univ. Liège, UPJV, JUNIA, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, 62300 Lens, France
| | - Barbara Deracinois
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro-INRAe N° 1158, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, INRAe, Univ. Liège, UPJV, JUNIA, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, 62300 Lens, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Jenequin
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro-INRAe N° 1158, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, INRAe, Univ. Liège, UPJV, JUNIA, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, 62300 Lens, France
| | - Rozenn Ravallec
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro-INRAe N° 1158, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, INRAe, Univ. Liège, UPJV, JUNIA, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, 62300 Lens, France
| | - Benoit Cudennec
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro-INRAe N° 1158, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, INRAe, Univ. Liège, UPJV, JUNIA, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, 62300 Lens, France
| | - Christophe Flahaut
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro-INRAe N° 1158, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, INRAe, Univ. Liège, UPJV, JUNIA, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, 62300 Lens, France
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8
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Hiraiwa H, Okumura T, Murohara T. Amino acid profiling to predict prognosis in patients with heart failure: an expert review. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 10:32-43. [PMID: 36300549 PMCID: PMC9871678 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a complex disease with a poor prognosis. A number of widely used prognostic tools have limitations, so efforts to identify novel predictive markers and measures are important. As a metabolomics tool, amino acid profiling has shown promise in predicting heart failure prognosis; however, the evidence has not yet been sufficiently evaluated. We describe the utilization of amino acids in the healthy heart and in heart failure before reviewing the literature on amino acid profiling for prognostic prediction. We expertly interpret the findings and provide suggestions for future research to advance the understanding of the prognostic potential of amino acid profiling in heart failure. Our analysis revealed correlations between amino acid biomarkers and traditional prognostic factors, the additional prognostic value of amino acid biomarkers over traditional prognostic factors, and the successful use of amino acid biomarkers to distinguish heart failure aetiology. Although certain amino acid biomarkers have demonstrated additional prognostic value over traditional measures, such as New York Heart Association functional class, these measures are deeply rooted in clinical practice; thus, amino acid biomarkers may be best placed as additional prognostic tools to improve current risk stratification rather than as surrogate tools. Once the metabolic profiles of different heart failure aetiologies have been clearly delineated, the amino acid biomarkers with the most value in prognostic prediction should be determined. Amino acid profiling could be useful to evaluate the pathophysiology and metabolic status of different heart failure cohorts, distinguish heart failure aetiologies, and improve risk stratification and prognostic prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hiraiwa
- Department of CardiologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Takahiro Okumura
- Department of CardiologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of CardiologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
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9
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Takeuchi F, Takada M, Kobuna Y, Uchida H, Adachi Y. Effects of Non-Essential Amino Acids on Knee Joint Conditions in Adults: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173628. [PMID: 36079884 PMCID: PMC9460309 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint problems impair performance during exercise and daily activities and influence quality of life. The present study aimed to examine the effects of a combination of six non-essential amino acids (6AA) on joint conditions in an adult population. A total of 50 participants aged between 20 and 64 years with joint discomfort but no diagnosed joint disorder were randomly and blindly assigned to a control or 6AA group. The 6AA group took 12 g of the non-essential amino acid formulation orally (4 g three times a day) and the control group took equivalent doses of a placebo. Each group maintained the daily dose for 12 weeks. Primary outcome measures were evaluated with the visual analogue scale (VAS), the Japanese Knee Osteoarthritis Measure (JKOM), and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score (JOA). These tests were taken before the experiment began at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after the intervention. The results of the VAS indicated that 6AA improved joint pain, discomfort, and stiffness both during a resting state and during normal activity. Participants' scores on the JKOM and JOA also showed significant improvements in the group that had taken the 6AA supplement. These results demonstrate that 6AA improves symptoms of joint problems, such as pain, discomfort, stiffness, and difficulty in performing daily activities after 4 weeks of daily consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumika Takeuchi
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 210-8681, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michihiro Takada
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 210-8681, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kobuna
- Kobuna Orthopedic Clinic, Maebashi 371-081, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Uchida
- Sports Nutrition Department, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yusuke Adachi
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 210-8681, Kanagawa, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-70-4361-8307
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Hjorth M, Galigniana NM, Ween O, Ulven SM, Holven KB, Dalen KT, Sæther T. Postprandial Effects of Salmon Fishmeal and Whey on Metabolic Markers in Serum and Gene Expression in Liver Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:1593. [PMID: 35458155 PMCID: PMC9027870 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish is considered an important part of a healthy diet, in part due to the content of long chain omega-3 fatty acids. However, both lean and fatty fish have beneficial health effects, suggesting that micronutrients and proteins may play a role. In a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial, five healthy male participants consumed 5.2 g of protein from either salmon fishmeal or whey. Blood samples were taken before and 30 and 60 min after intake. The concentration of glucose, lipids, hormones and metabolites, including 28 different amino acids and derivatives, were measured in serum or plasma. Cultured HepG2 cells were incubated with or without serum from the participants, and transcriptomic profiling was performed using RNA sequencing. The ingestion of both salmon fishmeal and whey reduced the glucose and triglyceride levels in serum. Protein intake, independent of the source, increased the concentration of 22 amino acids and derivatives in serum. Fishmeal increased the concentration of arginine, methionine, serine, glycine, cystathionine and 2-aminobutyric acid more than whey did. Incubation with postprandial serum resulted in large transcriptomic alterations in serum-fasted HepG2 cells, with the differential expression of >4500 protein coding genes. However, when comparing cells cultivated in fasting serum to postprandial serum after the ingestion of fishmeal and whey, we did not detect any differentially regulated genes, neither with respect to the protein source nor with respect to the time after the meal. The comparable nutrigenomic effects of fishmeal and whey do not change the relevance of fish by-products as an alternative food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (M.H.); (S.M.U.); (K.B.H.); (K.T.D.)
| | - Natalia M. Galigniana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Ola Ween
- Møreforskning AS, Borgundvegen 340, 6009 Ålesund, Norway;
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (M.H.); (S.M.U.); (K.B.H.); (K.T.D.)
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (M.H.); (S.M.U.); (K.B.H.); (K.T.D.)
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4959, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Tomas Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (M.H.); (S.M.U.); (K.B.H.); (K.T.D.)
| | - Thomas Sæther
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
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11
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Monfoulet LE, Martinez MC. Dietary modulation of large extracellular vesicles: the good and the bad for human health. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1274-1293. [PMID: 34875084 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompassing nanovesicles derived from the endosome system and generated by plasmatic membrane shedding are of increasing interest in view of their ability to sustain cell-to-cell communication and the possibility that they could be used as surrogate biomarkers of healthy and unhealthy trajectories. Nutritional strategies have been developed to preserve health, and the impact of these strategies on circulating EVs is arousing growing interest. Data available from published studies are now sufficient for a first integration to better understand the role of EVs in the relationship between diet and health. Thus, this review focuses on human intervention studies investigating the impact of diet or its components on circulating EVs. Because of analytical bias, only large EVs have been assessed so far. The analysis highlights that poor-quality diets with elevated fat and sugar content increase levels of circulating large EVs, and these can be partly counteracted by healthy food or some food micronutrients and bioactive compounds. However, knowledge of the content and the biological functions of these diet-induced EVs is still missing. It is important to address these aspects in new research in order to state if EVs are mediators of the effects of diet on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent-Emmanuel Monfoulet
- L.-E. Monfoulet is with the Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France M.C. Martinez is with the oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies laboratory (SOPAM), U1063, INSERM, Université Angers, Angers, France
| | - Maria Carmen Martinez
- L.-E. Monfoulet is with the Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France M.C. Martinez is with the oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies laboratory (SOPAM), U1063, INSERM, Université Angers, Angers, France
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12
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Collagen and Vitamin C Supplementation Increases Lower Limb Rate of Force Development. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2021; 32:65-73. [PMID: 34808597 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise and vitamin C-enriched collagen supplementation increase collagen synthesis, potentially increasing matrix density, stiffness, and force transfer. PURPOSE To determine whether vitamin C-enriched collagen (hydrolyzed collagen [HC] + C) supplementation improves rate of force development (RFD) alongside a strength training program. METHODS Using a double-blinded parallel design, over 3 weeks, healthy male athletes (n = 50, 18-25 years) were randomly assigned to the intervention (HC + C; 20 g HC + 50 mg vitamin C) or placebo (20 g maltodextrin). Supplements were ingested daily 60 min prior to training. Athletes completed the same targeted maximal muscle power training program. Maximal isometric squats, countermovement jumps, and squat jumps were performed on a force plate at the same time each testing day (baseline, Tests 1, 2, and 3) to measure RFD and maximal force development. Mixed-model analysis of variance compared performance variables across the study timeline, whereas t tests were used to compare the change between baseline and Test 3. RESULTS Over 3 weeks, maximal RFD in the HC + C group returned to baseline, whereas the placebo group remained depressed (p = .18). While both groups showed a decrease in RFD through Test 2, only the treatment group recovered RFD to baseline by Test 3 (p = .036). In the HC + C group, change in countermovement jumps eccentric deceleration impulse (p = .008) and eccentric deceleration RFD (p = .04) was improved. A strong trend was observed for lower limb stiffness assessed in the countermovement jumps (p = .08). No difference was observed in maximal force or squat jump parameters. CONCLUSION The HC + C supplementation improved RFD in the squat and countermovement jump alongside training.
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13
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König D, Kohl J, Jerger S, Centner C. Potential Relevance of Bioactive Peptides in Sports Nutrition. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113997. [PMID: 34836255 PMCID: PMC8622853 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are physiologically active peptides mostly derived from proteins following gastrointestinal digestion, fermentation or hydrolysis by proteolytic enzymes. It has been shown that bioactive peptides can be resorbed in their intact form and have repeatedly been shown to have a positive effect on health-related parameters such as hypertension, dyslipoproteinemia, inflammation and oxidative stress. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that biologically active peptides could also play an important role in sports nutrition. Current studies have shown that bioactive peptides could have a positive impact on changes in body composition and muscular performance, reduce muscle damage following exercise and induce beneficial adaptions within the connective tissue. In the following overview, potential mechanisms as well as possible limitations regarding the sports-related effect of bioactive peptides and their potential mechanisms are presented and discussed. In addition, practical applications will be discussed on how bioactive peptides can be integrated into a nutritional approach in sports to enhance athletic performance as well as prevent injuries and improve the rehabilitation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel König
- Centre for Sports Science and University Sports, Institute for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz, 61150 Vienna, Austria
- Department for Nutritional Science, Institute for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, 61150 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-4277-59130
| | - Jan Kohl
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, 79102 Freiburg, Germany; (J.K.); (S.J.); (C.C.)
| | - Simon Jerger
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, 79102 Freiburg, Germany; (J.K.); (S.J.); (C.C.)
| | - Christoph Centner
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, 79102 Freiburg, Germany; (J.K.); (S.J.); (C.C.)
- Praxisklinik Rennbahn, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
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14
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Holwerda AM, van Loon LJC. The impact of collagen protein ingestion on musculoskeletal connective tissue remodeling: a narrative review. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1497-1514. [PMID: 34605901 PMCID: PMC9086765 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the central structural component of extracellular connective tissue, which provides elastic qualities to tissues. For skeletal muscle, extracellular connective tissue transmits contractile force to the tendons and bones. Connective tissue proteins are in a constant state of remodeling and have been shown to express a high level of plasticity. Dietary-protein ingestion increases muscle protein synthesis rates. High-quality, rapidly digestible proteins are generally considered the preferred protein source to maximally stimulate myofibrillar (contractile) protein synthesis rates. In contrast, recent evidence demonstrates that protein ingestion does not increase muscle connective tissue protein synthesis. The absence of an increase in muscle connective tissue protein synthesis after protein ingestion may be explained by insufficient provision of glycine and/or proline. Dietary collagen contains large amounts of glycine and proline and, therefore, has been proposed to provide the precursors required to facilitate connective tissue protein synthesis. This literature review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the current knowledge on the proposed benefits of dietary collagen consumption to stimulate connective tissue remodeling to improve health and functional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Holwerda
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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15
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Trommelen J, Holwerda AM, Senden JM, Goessens JPB, VAN Kranenburg J, Gijsen AP, Verdijk LB, VAN Loon LJC. Casein Ingestion Does Not Increase Muscle Connective Tissue Protein Synthesis Rates. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 52:1983-1991. [PMID: 32195768 PMCID: PMC7431152 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the effect of dietary protein ingestion on intramuscular connective tissue protein synthesis rates during overnight recovery from a single bout of resistance exercise. METHODS Thirty-six healthy, young males were randomly assigned to one of three treatments. One group ingested 30 g intrinsically L-[1-C]-phenylalanine-labeled casein protein before sleep (PRO, n = 12). The other two groups performed a bout of resistance exercise in the evening and ingested either placebo (EX, n = 12) or 30 g intrinsically L-[1-C]-phenylalanine-labeled casein protein before sleep (EX + PRO, n = 12). Continuous intravenous infusions of L-[ring-H5]-phenylalanine and L-[1-C]-leucine were applied, and blood and muscle tissue samples were collected to assess connective tissue protein synthesis rates and dietary protein-derived amino acid incorporation in the connective tissue protein fraction. RESULTS Resistance exercise resulted in higher connective tissue protein synthesis rates when compared with rest (0.086 ± 0.017%·h [EX] and 0.080 ± 0.019%·h [EX + PRO] vs 0.059 ± 0.016%·h [PRO]; P < 0.05). Postexercise casein protein ingestion did not result in higher connective tissue protein synthesis rates when compared with postexercise placebo ingestion (P = 1.00). Dietary protein-derived amino acids were incorporated into the connective tissue protein fraction at rest, and to a greater extent during recovery from exercise (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Resistance exercise increases intramuscular connective tissue protein synthesis rates during overnight sleep, with no further effect of postexercise protein ingestion. However, dietary protein-derived amino acids are being used as precursors to support de novo connective tissue protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joan M Senden
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Joy P B Goessens
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Janneau VAN Kranenburg
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Annemie P Gijsen
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, THE NETHERLANDS
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