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Fathima JHS, Jayaraman S, Sekar R, Syed NH. The role of MicroRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of oral premalignant disorders. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00934-0. [PMID: 38619695 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Oral premalignant disorders (OPMDs) are a group of potentially malignant conditions that pose a significant health burden globally. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules, have emerged as crucial regulators of gene expression and have been implicated in various biological processes, including carcinogenesis. This review synthesizes existing knowledge to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying OPMDs and to highlight the potential of miRNAs as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Additionally, this review seeks to explore the potential of miRNA-based diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of OPMDs in the current literature on miRNAs in OPMDs, examining their involvement in disease pathogenesis, diagnostic potential, and therapeutic implications. Dysregulated miRNAs can target genes involved in critical cellular processes, such as cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and DNA repair, leading to disease progression. Notably, miR-21, miR-31, miR-135b, and miR-486-5p have shown promise as potential biomarkers for early detection of oral premalignant lesions. Furthermore, the paper discusses the therapeutic implications of miRNAs in OPMDs. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of miRNA-targeted therapies, such as miRNA mimics and inhibitors, in suppressing the growth of oral premalignant lesions. Early-phase clinical trials have shown promising results, indicating the potential for personalized treatment approaches. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders and provide insights for the development of improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. However, they pose certain limitations given their intrinsic variability in expression profiles, the need for optimized isolation and detection methods, and potential hurdles in transitioning from preclinical success to clinical applications. Thus, future clinical studies are warranted to fully exploit the potential of miRNAs in the management of OPMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Shazia Fathima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramya Sekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospitals, MAHER, Alapakkam Main Road, Maduravoyal, Chennai, 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nazmul Huda Syed
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Maheswari R, Urs AB, Kumar P, Koner BC, Guru SA, Rawat G. Exploring miR-155-5p and miR-1246 as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers in Oral Squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:341. [PMID: 38400867 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09234-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the leading cancers worldwide, significantly impacting developing nations. This study aimed to explore the diagnostic and prognostic potential of miR-155-5p and miR-1246 in OSCC in the Indian population, as their comparative roles in this context remain unexplored. MATERIAL AND METHODS The present cross-sectional study comprised 50 histopathologically confirmed OSCC cases, with adjacent normal mucosa as controls. MiRNA expression was assessed via qRT-PCR and correlated with clinicopathological factors. MiRwalk and miRTargetlink were used for miRNA:mRNA interaction prediction, and gprofiler was employed to analyze validated targets for functional insights. RESULTS The expression analysis showed a significant upregulation of miR-155-5p and miR-1246 in OSCC tissues compared to adjacent controls. Receiver operating curve analysis revealed that miR-1246 exhibited excellent diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.94) compared to miR-155-5p (AUC = 0.69). Higher miRNA levels were associated with age and extracapsular extension while overexpression of miR-1246 was correlated significantly with increased tumor size, tumor grade, TNM staging, and depth of invasion. The analysis for target prediction unveiled a set of validated targets, among which were WNT5A, TP53INP1, STAT3, CTNNB1, PRKAR1A, and NFIB. CONCLUSION miR-155-5p and miR-1246 may be used as potential prognostic biomarkers in OSCC, with miR-1246 demonstrating superior diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maheswari
- Department of Oral Pathology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Aadithya B Urs
- Department of Oral Pathology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Priya Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, MAMC Complex, Mirdard Marg, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, LNJP Colony, New Delhi, 110002, India.
| | - B C Koner
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Sameer Ahmad Guru
- Developmental Systems Biology, Ann and Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Garima Rawat
- Department of Pathology, Dharamshila Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, New Delhi, 110002, India
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Li Y, Lin Y, Li X, Chen Y, Chen G, Yang H. A Group of Highly Secretory miRNAs Correlates with Lymph Node Metastasis and Poor Prognosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2024; 14:224. [PMID: 38397460 PMCID: PMC10886572 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a pivotal role in modulating intercellular communications between tumor cells and other cells in the microenvironment, thereby influencing tumor progression and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. However, a comprehensive inventory of these secretory miRNAs in sEVs and their biological and clinical implications remains elusive. This study aims to profile the miRNA content of OSCC cell line sEVs and computationally elucidate their biological and clinical relevance. We conducted miRNA sequencing to compare the miRNA profiles of OSCC cells and their corresponding sEVs. Our motif enrichment analysis identified specific sorting motifs that are implicated in either cellular retention or preferential sEV secretion. Target cell analysis suggested that the sEV miRNAs potentially interact with various immune cell types, including natural killer cells and dendritic cells. Additionally, we explored the clinical relevance of these miRNAs by correlating their expression levels with TNM stages and patient survival outcomes. Intriguingly, our findings revealed that a distinct sEV miRNA signature is associated with lymph node metastasis and poorer survival in patients in TCGA-HNSC dataset. Collectively, this research furthers our understanding of the miRNA sorting mechanisms in OSCC and underscores their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicun Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518035, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Yuntao Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518035, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaolian Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518035, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Yuling Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518035, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518035, China; (Y.L.)
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Yu B, Li X, Yan W, Ding B, Zhang X, Shen S, Xie S, Hu J, Liu H, Chen X, Nie Y, Liu F, Zhang Y, Wang S. Post-transcriptional regulation of tumor suppressor gene lncRNA CARMN via m 6A modification and miRNA regulation in cervical cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:10307-10318. [PMID: 37273106 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04893-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The abnormal regulation of lncRNA CARMN has been proved to be a tumor suppressor gene of cervical cancer (CC). However, its role in CC is still elusive. The regulation of CARMN post-transcriptional level by m6A modification and miRNA has not been studied. This study aims to analyze the molecular mechanism of m6A modification and miRNA on the abnormal expression of CARMN in CC cells, so as to provide a new theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of CC. METHODS MeRIP-seq was used to identify the differential m6A-modified genes between tumor and normal cervical tissues. RT-qPCR assay was used to detect gene expression levels in tissues or cells. The m6A modification sites of CARMN was predicted by bioinformatics, and the modification of m6A and its regulatory effect on CARMN were analyzed by MeRIP-qPCR, Actinomycin D assay and RIP assay. RIP-microarray combined with bioinformatics methods to screen miRNAs that may target CARMN. The regulation mechanism between miRNA and CARMN was verified by RT-qPCR, nucleo-plasmic separation assay, mRNA stability assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and in vivo experiments. RESULTS MeRIP-seq found that CARMN is a significant different gene in the abundance of m6A in CC, and the modification level of m6A in CC tissues was higher than that in normal cervical tissues. Further, this study verified that m6A reader YTHDF2 could recognize m6A-modified CARMN and promote its degradation in CC cells. miR-21-5p was proved to be the downstream target gene of CARMN, and miR-21-5p could negatively regulate the expression of CARMN. Further experiments showed that miR-21-5p could directly bind to CARMN and lead to the degradation of CARMN. The in vivo experimental results indicated that the level of miR-21-5p in the overexpressed CARMN group was significantly lower than that in the control group. CONCLUSION m6A modification and miR-21-5p play important roles in promoting the occurrence and development of tumors by regulating CARMN, provide new potential targets for the treatment of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuting Li
- School of Health Management and Basic Science, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haohan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yamei Nie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Shizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Gintoni I, Vassiliou S, Chrousos GP, Yapijakis C. Review of Disease-Specific microRNAs by Strategically Bridging Genetics and Epigenetics in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1578. [PMID: 37628629 PMCID: PMC10454361 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent human malignancies and a global health concern with a poor prognosis despite some therapeutic advances, highlighting the need for a better understanding of its molecular etiology. The genomic landscape of OSCC is well-established and recent research has focused on miRNAs, which regulate gene expression and may be useful non-invasive biomarkers or therapeutic targets. A plethora of findings regarding miRNA expression have been generated, posing challenges for the interpretation and identification of disease-specific molecules. Hence, we opted to identify the most important regulatory miRNAs by bridging genetics and epigenetics, focusing on the key genes implicated in OSCC development. Based on published reports, we have developed custom panels of fifteen major oncogenes and five major tumor suppressor genes. Following a miRNA/target gene interaction analysis and a comprehensive study of the literature, we selected the miRNA molecules which target the majority of these panels that have been reported to be downregulated or upregulated in OSCC, respectively. As a result, miR-34a-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-1-3p, and miR-16-5p appeared to be the most OSCC-specific. Their expression patterns, verified targets, and the signaling pathways affected by their dysregulation in OSCC are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iphigenia Gintoni
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, 1st Department of Pediatrics, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cephalogenetics Center, 176 72 Athens, Greece
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stavros Vassiliou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
| | - George P. Chrousos
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christos Yapijakis
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, 1st Department of Pediatrics, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cephalogenetics Center, 176 72 Athens, Greece
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
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Mali SB. Molecular screening of head neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2023; 144:106481. [PMID: 37399708 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy has become a significant tool in personalized medicine, enabling real-time monitoring of cancer evolution and patient follow-up. This minimally invasive procedure analyzes circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor-derived materials, such as ctDNA, miRNAs, and EVs. CTC analysis significantly impacts prognosis, detection of minimal residual disease (MRD), treatment selection, and monitoring of cancer patients. Liquid biopsy is an attractive option for mouth cancer detection and treatment progress monitoring in many countries. It is not invasive and requires no surgical expertise, making it an attractive option for mouth cancer detection. Liquid biopsy is a diagnostic repeatable test that can profile cancer genomes in real-time with minimal invasiveness and tailor oncological decision-making. It analyzes different blood-circulating biomarkers, with ctDNA being the preferred one. While tissue biopsy remains the gold standard for molecular evaluation of solid tumors, liquid biopsy is a complementary tool in various clinical settings, including treatment selection, monitoring response, cancer clonal evolution, prognostic evaluation, early disease detection, and minimal residual disease (MRD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant B Mali
- Mahatma Gandhi Vidyamandir's Karmaveer Bhausaheb Hiray Dental College & Hospital, Nashik, India.
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Wu Y, Hong Q, Lu F, Zhang Z, Li J, Nie Z, He B. The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of miR-155 in Cancers: An Updated Meta-analysis. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:283-301. [PMID: 36939982 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA-155 has been discussed as a biomarker in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Although relevant studies have been published, the role of microRNA-155 remains uncertain because of insufficient data. METHODS We conducted a literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to obtain relevant articles and extract data to evaluate the role of microRNA-155 in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. RESULTS The pooled results showed that microRNA-155 presented a remarkable diagnostic value in cancers (area under the curve = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI 0.87-0.92; sensitivity = 0.83, 95% CI 0.79-0.87; specificity = 0.83, 95% CI 0.80-0.86), which was maintained in the subgroups stratified by ethnicity (Asian and Caucasian), cancer types (breast cancer, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, leukemia, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma), sample types (plasma, serum, tissue), and sample size (n >100 and n <100). In prognosis, a combined hazard ratio (HR) showed that microRNA-155 was significantly associated with poor overall survival (HR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.25-1.54) and recurrence-free survival (HR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.65-2.76), and was boundary significant with poor progression-free survival (HR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.00-1.44), but not significant with disease-free survival (HR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.70-1.85). Subgroup analyses in overall survival showed that microRNA-155 was associated with poor overall survival in the subgroups stratified by ethnicity and sample size. However, the significant association was maintained in cancer types subgroups of leukemia, lung cancer, and oral squamous cell carcinoma, but not in colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and breast cancer, and was maintained in sample types subgroups of bone marrow and tissue, but not in plasma and serum. CONCLUSIONS Results from this meta-analysis demonstrated that microRNA-155 was a valuable biomarker in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiwei Hong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongqiu Zhang
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenlin Nie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bangshun He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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He L, Guo J, Fan Z, Yang S, Zhang C, Cheng B, Xia J. Exosomal miR-146b-5p derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by downregulating HIPK3. Cell Signal 2023; 106:110635. [PMID: 36813147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are vital constituents of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a predominant role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression. We aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of exosomal miR-146b-5p derived from CAFs on the malignant biological behavior of OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Illumina small RNA (sRNA) sequencing was conducted to determine the differential expression patterns of microRNAs (miRNAs) in exosomes derived from CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs). Transwell and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays and xenograft tumor models in nude mice were used to investigate the effect of CAF exosomes and miR-146b-p on the malignant biological behavior of OSCC. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), luciferase reporter, western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry assays were employed to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in CAF exosomes that promote OSCC progression. RESULTS We demonstrated that CAF-derived exosomes were taken up by OSCC cells and enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of OSCC. Compared with NFs, the expression of miR-146b-5p was increased in exosomes and their parent CAFs. Further studies showed that the decreased expression of miR-146b-5p inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of OSCC cells in vitro and the growth of OSCC cells in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-146b-5p overexpression led to the suppression of HIKP3 by directly targeting the 3'-UTR of HIPK3, as confirmed by luciferase assay. Reciprocally, HIPK3 knockdown partially reversed the inhibitory effect of the miR-146b-5p inhibitor on the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of OSCC cells and restored their malignant phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that CAF-derived exosomes contained higher levels of miR-146b-5p than NFs, and miR-146b-5p overexpression in exosomes promoted the malignant phenotype of OSCC by targeting HIPK3. Therefore, inhibiting exosomal miR-146b-5p secretion may be a promising therapeutic modality for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong He
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhaona Fan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shiwen Yang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Liquid Biopsy for Oral Cancer Diagnosis: Recent Advances and Challenges. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020303. [PMID: 36836537 PMCID: PMC9960348 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
"Liquid biopsy" is an efficient diagnostic tool used to analyse biomaterials in human body fluids, such as blood, saliva, breast milk, and urine. Various biomaterials derived from a tumour and its microenvironment are released into such body fluids and contain important information for cancer diagnosis. Biomaterial detection can provide "real-time" information about individual tumours, is non-invasive, and is more repeatable than conventional histological analysis. Therefore, over the past two decades, liquid biopsy has been considered an attractive diagnostic tool for malignant tumours. Although biomarkers for oral cancer have not yet been adopted in clinical practice, many molecular candidates have been investigated for liquid biopsies in oral cancer diagnosis, such as the proteome, metabolome, microRNAome, extracellular vesicles, cell-free DNAs, and circulating tumour cells. This review will present recent advances and challenges in liquid biopsy for oral cancer diagnosis.
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