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He JZ, Chen Y, Zeng FM, Huang QF, Zhang HF, Wang SH, Yu SX, Pang XX, Liu Y, Xu XE, Wu JY, Shen WJ, Li ZY, Li EM, Xu LY. Spatial analysis of stromal signatures identifies invasive front carcinoma-associated fibroblasts as suppressors of anti-tumor immune response in esophageal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:136. [PMID: 37254126 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a crucial determinant of cancer progression. However, the clinical and pathobiological significance of stromal signatures in the TME, as a complex dynamic entity, is still unclear in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Herein, we used single-cell transcriptome sequencing data, imaging mass cytometry (IMC) and multiplex immunofluorescence staining to characterize the stromal signatures in ESCC and evaluate their prognostic values in this aggressive disease. An automated quantitative pathology imaging system determined the locations of the lamina propria, stroma, and invasive front. Subsequently, IMC spatial analyses further uncovered spatial interaction and distribution. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore the TME remodeling mechanism in ESCC. To define a new molecular prognostic model, we calculated the risk score of each patient based on their TME signatures and pTNM stages. RESULTS We demonstrate that the presence of fibroblasts at the tumor invasive front was associated with the invasive depth and poor prognosis. Furthermore, the amount of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)+ fibroblasts at the tumor invasive front positively correlated with the number of macrophages (MØs), but negatively correlated with that of tumor-infiltrating granzyme B+ immune cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Spatial analyses uncovered a significant spatial interaction between α-SMA+ fibroblasts and CD163+ MØs in the TME, which resulted in spatially exclusive interactions to anti-tumor immune cells. We further validated the laminin and collagen signaling network contributions to TME remodeling. Moreover, compared with pTNM staging, a molecular prognostic model, based on expression of α-SMA+ fibroblasts at the invasive front, and CD163+ MØs, showed higher accuracy in predicting survival or recurrence in ESCC patients. Regression analysis confirmed this model is an independent predictor for survival, which also identifies a high-risk group of ESCC patients that can benefit from adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our newly defined biomarker signature may serve as a complement for current clinical risk stratification approaches and provide potential therapeutic targets for reversing the fibroblast-mediated immunosuppressive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fa-Min Zeng
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Feng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Shao-Hong Wang
- Departments of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Xia Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-E Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Yi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhan-Yu Li
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - En-Min Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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He L, Guo J, Fan Z, Yang S, Zhang C, Cheng B, Xia J. Exosomal miR-146b-5p derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by downregulating HIPK3. Cell Signal 2023; 106:110635. [PMID: 36813147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are vital constituents of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a predominant role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression. We aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of exosomal miR-146b-5p derived from CAFs on the malignant biological behavior of OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Illumina small RNA (sRNA) sequencing was conducted to determine the differential expression patterns of microRNAs (miRNAs) in exosomes derived from CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs). Transwell and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays and xenograft tumor models in nude mice were used to investigate the effect of CAF exosomes and miR-146b-p on the malignant biological behavior of OSCC. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), luciferase reporter, western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry assays were employed to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in CAF exosomes that promote OSCC progression. RESULTS We demonstrated that CAF-derived exosomes were taken up by OSCC cells and enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of OSCC. Compared with NFs, the expression of miR-146b-5p was increased in exosomes and their parent CAFs. Further studies showed that the decreased expression of miR-146b-5p inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of OSCC cells in vitro and the growth of OSCC cells in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-146b-5p overexpression led to the suppression of HIKP3 by directly targeting the 3'-UTR of HIPK3, as confirmed by luciferase assay. Reciprocally, HIPK3 knockdown partially reversed the inhibitory effect of the miR-146b-5p inhibitor on the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of OSCC cells and restored their malignant phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that CAF-derived exosomes contained higher levels of miR-146b-5p than NFs, and miR-146b-5p overexpression in exosomes promoted the malignant phenotype of OSCC by targeting HIPK3. Therefore, inhibiting exosomal miR-146b-5p secretion may be a promising therapeutic modality for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong He
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhaona Fan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shiwen Yang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Li J, Liu X, Zang S, Zhou J, Zhang F, Sun B, Qi D, Li X, Kong J, Jin D, Yang X, Luo Y, Lu Y, Lin B, Niu W, Liu T. Small extracellular vesicle-bound vascular endothelial growth factor secreted by carcinoma-associated fibroblasts promotes angiogenesis in a bevacizumab-resistant manner. Cancer Lett 2020; 492:71-83. [PMID: 32860852 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The blood vessel growth inhibitor bevacizumab targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a crucial regulator of angiogenesis. Recently, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been demonstrated to be important vehicles in the transport of growth factors to target cells. In this study, we isolated primary carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from four human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) specimens. Compared with other non-extracellular vesicle components, CAF-derived sEVs were found to be the main regulators of angiogenesis. The ability of CAF sEVs to activate VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was dependent on the association between sEVs and VEGF. In addition, sEV-bound VEGF secreted by CAFs further activated VEGFR2 signaling in HUVEC in a bevacizumab-resistant manner. VEGF was found to interact with heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the CAF sEV surface and could be released by heparinase I/III. The bioactivity of the dissociated VEGF was retained in vitro and in vivo and could be neutralized by bevacizumab. These findings suggest that the combined use of heparinase and bevacizumab might inhibit angiogenesis in patients with high levels of sEV-bound VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No.9 West Section, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xue Liu
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No.9 West Section, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shizhu Zang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Dalian Medical University, No.9 West Section, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jiasheng Zhou
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No.9 West Section, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Fuyin Zhang
- Department of Oral Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No.467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Oral Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No.467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dongyuan Qi
- Department of Oral Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No.222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No.9 West Section, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jing Kong
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No.9 West Section, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Dong Jin
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No.9 West Section, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian Medical University, No.9 West Section, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian Technology University, No.2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Weidong Niu
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No.9 West Section, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Tingjiao Liu
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No.9 West Section, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China.
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4
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Jung WH, Yam N, Chen CC, Elawad K, Hu B, Chen Y. Force-dependent extracellular matrix remodeling by early-stage cancer cells alters diffusion and induces carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. Biomaterials 2020; 234:119756. [PMID: 31954229 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is known cancer cells secrete cytokines inducing normal fibroblasts (NFs) to become carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). However, it is not clear how the CAF-promoting cytokines can effectively navigate the dense ECM, a diffusion barrier, in the tumor microenvironment to reach NFs during the early stages of cancer development. In this study, we devised a 3D coculture system to investigate the possible mechanism of CAF induction at early stages of breast cancer. We found that in a force-dependent manner, ECM fibrils are radially aligned relative to the tumor spheroid. The fibril alignment enhances the diffusion of exosomes containing CAF-promoting cytokines towards NFs. Suppression of force generation or ECM remodeling abolishes the enhancement of exosome diffusion and the subsequent CAF induction. In summary, our finding suggests that early-stage, pre-metastatic cancer cells can generate high forces to align the ECM fibrils, thereby enhancing the diffusion of CAF-promoting exosomes to reach the stroma and induce CAFs.
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Kong J, Tian H, Zhang F, Zhang Z, Li J, Liu X, Li X, Liu J, Li X, Jin D, Yang X, Sun B, Guo T, Luo Y, Lu Y, Lin B, Liu T. Extracellular vesicles of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts creates a pre-metastatic niche in the lung through activating fibroblasts. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:175. [PMID: 31796058 PMCID: PMC6892147 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been known to promote cancer progression by modifying the primary tumor microenvironment. We aimed to elucidate the intercellular communication between CAFs and secondary organs in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) metastasis. Methods Pre-metastatic and metastatic animal models of SACC were established using extracellular vesicles (EVs) from CAFs and SACC cells. Lung fibroblasts (LFs) were treated with EVs and their transcriptomic alterations were identified by RNA sequencing. ITRAQ were performed to analyze EV cargos. TC I-15 was used to inhibit EV uptake by LFs and SACC lung metastasis in vivo. Results Here, we show that CAF EVs induced lung pre-metastatic niche formation in mice and consequently increased SACC lung metastasis. The pre-metastatic niche induced by CAF EVs was different from that induced by SACC EVs. CAF EVs presented a great ability for matrix remodeling and periostin is a potential biomarker characterizing the CAF EV-induced pre-metastatic niche. We found that lung fibroblast activation promoted by CAF EVs was a critical event at the pre-metastatic niche. Integrin α2β1 mediated CAF EV uptake by lung fibroblasts, and its blockage by TC I-15 prevented lung pre-metastatic niche formation and subsequent metastasis. Plasma EV integrin β1 was considerably upregulated in the mice bearing xenografts with high risk of lung metastasis. Conclusions We demonstrated that CAF EVs participated in the pre-metastatic niche formation in the lung. Plasma EV integrin β1 might be a promising biomarker to predict SACC metastasis at an early stage. An integrated strategy targeting both tumor and stromal cells is necessary to prevent SACC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kong
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, West Section No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hongzhu Tian
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, West Section No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Fuyin Zhang
- Department of Oral Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zebing Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, West Section No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, West Section No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiancheng Li
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Sino-UK Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, West Section No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Dong Jin
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, West Section No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Oral Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian Technology University, Dalian, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian Technology University, Dalian, China.,Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Tingjiao Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, West Section No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China.
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Kong J, Zhao H, Shang Q, Ma Z, Kang N, Tan J, Ahmed Ibrahim Alraimi H, Liu T. Establishment and characterization of a carcinoma-associated fibroblast cell line derived from a human salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 24:11-18. [PMID: 29734861 DOI: 10.1080/15419061.2018.1464000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is one of the most common malignancies in the oral and maxillofacial region. Carcinoma-associated fibroblast (CAF) is an important component in the tumor microenvironment and participates in SACC progression. In this study, we established a CAF cell line derived from a human SACC and named it CAF-SA. It was identified that CAF-SA expressed typical CAF biomarkers. Then, we studied the cellular communications between CAF-SA, tumor cells and endothelial cells. It was found that CAF-SA promoted the migration, invasion, and proliferation of SACC tumor cells in vitro. In addition, tube formation by endothelial cells was enhanced by CAF-SA. In vivo experiment showed that SACC cells formed larger xenografts in nude mice when they were transplanted with CAF-SA. Overall, we demonstrated that CAF-SA exhibited the most important defining feature of CAF by promoting cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kong
- a College of Stomatology , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Han Zhao
- a College of Stomatology , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Qianhui Shang
- a College of Stomatology , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Zhifei Ma
- a College of Stomatology , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Ni Kang
- a College of Stomatology , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Junling Tan
- a College of Stomatology , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | | | - Tingjiao Liu
- a College of Stomatology , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
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Wu X, Zahari MS, Renuse S, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Chaerkady R, Kim MS, Fackler MJ, Stampfer M, Gabrielson E, Sukumar S, Pandey A. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis reveals reciprocal activation of receptor tyrosine kinases between cancer epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts. Clin Proteomics 2018; 15:21. [PMID: 29946230 PMCID: PMC6003199 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-018-9197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most important components of tumor stroma and play a key role in modulating tumor growth. However, a mechanistic understanding of how CAFs communicate with tumor cells to promote their proliferation and invasion is far from complete. A major reason for this is that most current techniques and model systems do not capture the complexity of signal transduction that occurs between CAFs and tumor cells. Methods In this study, we employed a stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) strategy to label invasive breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, and breast cancer patient-derived CAF this has already been defined above cells. We used an antibody-based phosphotyrosine peptide enrichment method coupled to LC-MS/MS to catalog and quantify tyrosine phosphorylation-mediated signal transduction events induced by the bidirectional communication between patient-derived CAFs and tumor cells. Results We discovered that distinct signaling events were activated in CAFs and in tumor epithelial cells during the crosstalk between these two cell types. We identified reciprocal activation of a number of receptor tyrosine kinases including EGFR, FGFR1 and EPHA2 induced by this bidirectional communication. Conclusions Our study not only provides insights into the mechanisms of the interaction between CAFs and tumor cells, but the model system described here could be used as a prototype for analysis of intercellular communication in many different tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Wu
- 1Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.,2McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.,8Johns Hopkins University, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Muhammad Saddiq Zahari
- 1Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.,2McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Santosh Renuse
- 1Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.,2McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.,3Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066 India
| | - Nandini A Sahasrabuddhe
- 1Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.,2McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.,3Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066 India.,4Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Raghothama Chaerkady
- 1Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.,2McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- 1Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.,2McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Mary Jo Fackler
- 5Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Martha Stampfer
- 7Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Edward Gabrielson
- 5Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.,6Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Saraswati Sukumar
- 5Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- 1Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.,2McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.,3Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066 India.,8Johns Hopkins University, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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Wu X, Ruan L, Yang Y, Mei Q. Analysis of gene expression changes associated with human carcinoma-associated fibroblasts in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Biol Res 2017; 50:6. [PMID: 28231844 PMCID: PMC5322592 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-017-0108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the gene expression changes associated with carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) involving in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Methods We downloaded the GEO series GSE22862, which contained matched gene expression values for 15 CAF and normal fibroblasts samples, and series GSE27289 containing SNP genotyping for four matched NSCLC samples. The differentially expressed genes in CAF samples were identified using the limma package in R. Then we performed gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction using the identified DEGs. Moreover, aberrant cell fraction, ploidy, allele-specific copy number, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) within CAF cells were analyzed using the allele-specific copy number analysis. Results We obtained 545 differentially expressed genes between CAF and normal fibroblasts samples. The up-regulated genes are mainly involved in GO terms such as positive regulation of cell migration and extracellular region, while the down-regulated genes participate in the lung development and extracellular region. Multiple genes including bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and transforming growth factor, beta 3 (TGFB3) are involved in the TGF-β signaling pathway. Genes including BMP4, TGFBI and matrix Gla protein (MGP) were hub genes. Moreover, no LOH event for BMP4 and MGP was found, that for sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) was 70%, and for TGFBI was 40%. Conclusion Our data suggested that BMP4, MGP, TGFBI, and SPHK1 may be important in CAFs-associated NSCLC, and the abnormal expression and high LOH frequency of them may be used as the diagnosis targets of CAFs in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Wu
- Department of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lei Ruan
- Department of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qi Mei
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Barcellos-de-Souza P, Comito G, Pons-Segura C, Taddei ML, Gori V, Becherucci V, Bambi F, Margheri F, Laurenzana A, Del Rosso M, Chiarugi P. Mesenchymal Stem Cells are Recruited and Activated into Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts by Prostate Cancer Microenvironment-Derived TGF-β1. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2536-2547. [PMID: 27300750 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor stromal cells can supply appropriate signals that may develop aggressive phenotypes of carcinoma cells and establish a complex scenario which culminates in metastasis. Recent works proposed that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are recruited to primary tumors. However, the exact functions of these cells in the tumor microenvironment are not well characterized, as it is reported that MSC can either promote or inhibit tumor progression. In the present study, we aim at investigating the signaling molecules which regulate the interplay between MSC, prostate carcinoma (PCa) cells and two important cellular types constituting the tumor-associated stroma, macrophages and fibroblasts, during their progression toward malignancy. We identified TGF-β1 as a crucial molecule able to attract MSC recruitment both to PCa cells as well as to tumor stroma components. Moreover, PCa- and tumor stroma-secreted TGF-β1 is important to induce MSC transdifferentiation into carcinoma-associated fibroblast (CAF)-like cells. Consequently, the CAF-like phenotype acquired by MSC is central to promote tumor progression related effects. Thus, tumor-educated MSC enhance PCa invasiveness compared to nonactivated MSC. Additionally, differing from normal MSC, CAF-like MSC perform vascular mimicry and recruit monocytes, which can be further polarized to M2 macrophages within the PCa environment. Our findings indicate a prominent role for TGF-β1 in MSC mobilization and activation strengthened by the fact that the blockade of TGF-β1 signaling impairs MSC promotion of PCa progression. Stem Cells 2016;34:2536-2547.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Barcellos-de-Souza
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Tuscany Tumor Institute and "Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE", Florence, Italy. .,Ministry of Education of Brazil, CAPES Foundation, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Giuseppina Comito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Tuscany Tumor Institute and "Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE", Florence, Italy
| | - Coral Pons-Segura
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Tuscany Tumor Institute and "Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE", Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Tuscany Tumor Institute and "Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE", Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Gori
- Department of Oncohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Becherucci
- Department of Oncohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Franco Bambi
- Department of Oncohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Margheri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Tuscany Tumor Institute and "Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE", Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Laurenzana
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Tuscany Tumor Institute and "Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE", Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Del Rosso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Tuscany Tumor Institute and "Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE", Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Tuscany Tumor Institute and "Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE", Florence, Italy
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10
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Pasanen I, Lehtonen S, Sormunen R, Skarp S, Lehtilahti E, Pietilä M, Sequeiros RB, Lehenkari P, Kuvaja P. Breast cancer carcinoma-associated fibroblasts differ from breast fibroblasts in immunological and extracellular matrix regulating pathways. Exp Cell Res 2016; 344:53-66. [PMID: 27112989 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor stroma has been recently shown to play a crucial role in the development of breast cancer. Since the origin of the stromal cells in the tumor is unknown, we have examined differences and similarities between three stromal cell types of mesenchymal origin, namely carcinoma associated fibroblasts from breast tumor (CAFs), fibroblasts from normal breast area (NFs) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). In a microarray analysis, immunological, developmental and extracellular matrix -related pathways were over-represented in CAFs when compared to NFs (p<0.001). Under hypoxic conditions, the expression levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 (PDK1) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK4) were lower in CAFs when compared to NFs (fold changes 0.6 and 0.4, respectively). In normoxia, when compared to NFs, CAFs displayed increased expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) and PDK1 (fold changes 1.5 and 1.3, respectively). With respect to the assessed surface markers, only CD105 was expressed differently in MSCs when compared to fibroblasts, being more often expressed on MSCs. Cells with myofibroblast features were present in both NF and CAF samples. We conclude, that CAFs differ distinctly from NFs at the gene expression level, this hypothesis was also tested in silico for other available gene expression data.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Pasanen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
| | - S Lehtonen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - R Sormunen
- Biocenter Oulu and Departments of Pathology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - S Skarp
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland; Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland; Oulu Center for Cell - Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - E Lehtilahti
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland
| | - M Pietilä
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku FIN-20520, Finland
| | | | - P Lehenkari
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland; Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - P Kuvaja
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland; Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
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11
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Dittmer J, Leyh B. The impact of tumor stroma on drug response in breast cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 31:3-15. [PMID: 24912116 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades the breast cancer mortality rate has steadily declined, in part, due to the availability of better treatment options. However, drug resistance still remains a major challenge. Resistance can be an inherent feature of breast cancer cells, but can also arise from the tumor microenvironment. This review aims to focus on the modulatory effect of the tumor microenvironment on the differing response of breast cancer subtypes to targeted drugs and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Dittmer
- Clinic for Gynecology, University of Halle, Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Leyh
- Clinic for Gynecology, University of Halle, Halle/Saale, Germany
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12
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De Wever O, Van Bockstal M, Mareel M, Hendrix A, Bracke M. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts provide operational flexibility in metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 25:33-46. [PMID: 24406210 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Malignant cancer cells do not act as lone wolves to achieve metastasis, as they exist within a complex ecosystem consisting of an extracellular matrix scaffold populated by carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells and immune cells. We recognize local (primary tumor) and distant ecosystems (metastasis). CAFs, also termed myofibroblasts, may have other functions in the primary tumor versus the metastasis. Cellular origin and tumor heterogeneity lead to the expression of specific markers. The molecular characteristics of a CAF remain in evolution since CAFs show operational flexibility. CAFs respond dynamically to a cancer cell's fluctuating demands by shifting profitable signals necessary in metastasis. Local, tissue-resident fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) coming from reservoir sites such as bone marrow and adipose tissue are the main progenitor cells of CAFs. CAFs may induce awakening from metastatic dormancy, a major cause of cancer-specific death. Cancer management protocols influence CAF precursor recruitment and CAF activation. Since CAF signatures represent early changes in metastasis, including formation of pre-metastatic niches, we discuss whether liquid biopsies, including exosomes, may detect and monitor CAF reactions allowing optimized prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiotherapy and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | - Marc Mareel
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiotherapy and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiotherapy and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Bracke
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiotherapy and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Kim EK, Kim HJ, Yang YI, Kim JT, Choi MY, Choi CS, Kim KH, Lee JH, Jang WH, Cheong SH. Endogenous gastric-resident mesenchymal stem cells contribute to formation of cancer stroma and progression of gastric cancer. Korean J Pathol 2013; 47:507-18. [PMID: 24421843 PMCID: PMC3887152 DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2013.47.6.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to carcinogenesis and cancer progression, although their origin and role remain unclear. We recently identified and investigated the in situ identity and implications of gastric submucosa-resident mesenchymal stem cells (GS-MSCs) in the progression of gastric carcinogenesis. Methods We isolated GS-MSCs from gastric submucosa using hydrogel-supported organ culture and defined their identity. Isolated cells were assessed in vitro by immunophenotype and mesengenic multipotency. Reciprocal interactions between GS-MSCs and gastric cancer cells were evaluated. To determine the role of GS-MSCs, xenografts were constructed of gastric cancer cells admixed with or without GS-MSCs. Results Isolated cells fulfilled MSCs requirements in regard to plastic adherence, stromal cell immunophenotype, and multipotency. We demonstrated a paracrine loop that gastric cancer cells enhanced the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of GS-MSCs; additionally, GS-MSCs promoted the proliferation of gastric cancer cell in vitro. Xenograft experiments showed that GS-MSCs significantly promoted cancer growth and angiogenesis. GS-MSCs that integrated into gastric cancer became not only CAFs but also rarely endothelial cells which contributed to the formation of cellular and vascular cancer stroma. Conclusions Endogenous GS-MSCs play an important role in gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Young-Il Yang
- Department of Pathology, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea. ; Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong Tae Kim
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Min-Young Choi
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Chang Soo Choi
- Department of Surgery, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jeong-Han Lee
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea. ; Department of Anesthesiology, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Won-Hee Jang
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Soon-Ho Cheong
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea. ; Department of Anesthesiology, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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