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Grega D, Kolář J. The Economic Burden of Biological Drugs in Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment. Value Health Reg Issues 2024; 40:13-18. [PMID: 37972429 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article aimed to count and compare treatment's direct (only biological drugs) and indirect (loss of productivity) costs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis from 2019 to 2021. METHODS The friction cost approach was used to establish indirect costs. Elasticity factor values and friction period for the Slovak Republic from 2019 to 2021 were determined. Direct drug costs were calculated based on average prices from 2019 to 2021 and the number of dispensed medication packages. RESULTS The average productivity loss reached €2984.54 in 2019, €3338.46 in 2020, and €3154.01 in 2021. Total indirect costs include productivity loss and sick pay, and from 2019 to 2021 came the values of €8.4 million, €10.1 million, and €8.1 million, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Indirect costs were almost 2.5 to 3 times lower than the biological and targeted treatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Grega
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jozef Kolář
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Chiu YM, Chen DY. Biological ageing: a promising target for prevention and management of rheumatoid arthritis. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2024; 5:e6-e7. [PMID: 38081204 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ming Chiu
- Department of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Jen Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Alotaibi AM, Albahdal AS, Abanmy N, Alwhaibi M, Asiri Y, AlRuthia Y. Health-related quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis on tocilizumab, adalimumab, and etanercept in Saudi Arabia: a single-center cross-sectional study. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1299630. [PMID: 38161694 PMCID: PMC10757325 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1299630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on tocilizumab versus other commonly used monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (e.g., adalimumab and etanercept). Methods: This was an interview-based cross-sectional study. Adult RA patients (≥18 years) with a disease duration of at least 1 year were included in the study. The Arabic version of EUROQOL (EQ-5D-5L) was used to assess the QOL of RA patients on mAbs. Multiple linear regression was conducted to examine the impact of tocilizumab versus other mAbs on the visual analog scale (VAS) score controlling for age, disease duration, treatment duration, gender, number of comorbidities, and the use of steroids. Results: The number of patients who met the inclusion criteria and consented to be interviewed was 105 patients (tocilizumab (n = 37), adalimumab (n = 31), and etanercept (n = 37)). No significant differences in the scores of the five EQ-5D-5L domains across different mAbs was found. Although the VAS score of patients on tocilizumab was numerically higher compared to their counterparts on adalimumab or etanercept (69.19 vs. 62.79) this was not statistically significant controlling for age, gender, disease and treatment durations, number of comorbidities, and the utilization of steroids (β = 4.26, 95% CI: [-8.84-17.36], p = 0.52). Conclusion: The use of tocilizumab did not seem to result in better QOL among RA patients. Future studies with larger sample sizes and more robust designs should be conducted to confirm or refute these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad M. Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej S. Albahdal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Abanmy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monira Alwhaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousif Asiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazed AlRuthia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacoeconomics Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mitkova Z, Manev I, Tachkov K, Boyadzhieva V, Stoilov N, Doneva M, Petrova G. How Managed Entry Agreements Influence the Patients' Affordability to Biological Medicines-Bulgarian Example. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2427. [PMID: 37685461 PMCID: PMC10486911 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Managed entry agreements are applied in almost all European countries in order to improve patients' access to therapy. The current study aims to evaluate the changes in the affordability of biological medicines for patients in Bulgaria during 2019-2022. The study is a top-down macroeconomic analysis of the key economic indicators and reimbursed costs of biologic therapies. Affordability was determined as the number of working hours needed to pay for monthly therapy. The average NHIF budget for pharmaceuticals increased significantly along with inflation in the healthcare sector. Bulgarian patients had to devote a large part of their income to buying medicines if a co-payment existed. The percentage of the monthly income of pensioners needed for therapy co-payment varied between 10% and 280%. The hours of work required to purchase a package of biologicals varied between 7 and 137 working hours. The global economic crisis has affected Bulgaria and led to worsening economic parameters. There are still no well-established practices to control public spending, as the measures taken to reduce the final cost of medicines mainly affect the pharmaceutical companies. This type of cost-containment policy provides an opportunity for innovative treatment with biologicals for patients with inflammatory diseases. Most of the therapies cost more than the patients' monthly income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zornitsa Mitkova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.M.); (K.T.); (M.D.); (G.P.)
| | - Ivan Manev
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.M.); (K.T.); (M.D.); (G.P.)
| | - Konstantin Tachkov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.M.); (K.T.); (M.D.); (G.P.)
| | - Vladimira Boyadzhieva
- Rheumatology Clinic, University Hospital St. Ivan Rilski, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1612 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Nikolay Stoilov
- Rheumatology Clinic, University Hospital St. Ivan Rilski, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1612 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Miglena Doneva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.M.); (K.T.); (M.D.); (G.P.)
| | - Guenka Petrova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.M.); (K.T.); (M.D.); (G.P.)
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Kumar S, Bagepally BS. Cost-effectiveness of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cost-utility studies. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2023; 23:1027-1040. [PMID: 37604704 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2023.2249610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the cost-utility evidence of TNF-a-i treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to estimate the pooled incremental net benefit (INBp). METHODS We selected economic evaluation studies reporting the cost-utility of TNF-a-i compared to other disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) after a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Tufts Medical Centers' cost-effective analysis registry. The results were reported as pooled INB in purchasing power parity-adjusted US dollars, along with 95% confidence intervals. We used GRADE quality assessment to present summaries of evidence and random-effects meta-analysis to synthesize cost-utility of TNF-a-i. RESULTS We included 86 studies for systematic review, of which 27 for meta-analysis. TNF-a-i is not cost-effective [$ -4,129(-6,789 to -1,469)] compared to other DMARDs but with high heterogeneity. There was no evidence of publication bias (p = 0.447). On separate analysis, TNF-a-i is not cost-effective [$ -4,805(-7,882 to -1,728)] compared to conventional synthetic DMARDs for RA treatment. GRADE assessment indicated very low confidence in pooled cost-utility results and likely presence of risk of bias on the overall ECOBIAS checklist in studies. CONCLUSION Based on the available evidence during the study period, TNF-a-i is not a cost-effective option for treating RA compared to other DMARDs. However, high heterogeneity and low confidence in GRADE quality assessment preclude the results from being generalizable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajith Kumar
- Health Technology Assessment Resource Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - Bhavani Shankara Bagepally
- Health Technology Assessment Resource Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
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Cost Effectiveness of Rituximab Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cost-Utility Studies. Clin Drug Investig 2023; 43:97-108. [PMID: 36624250 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-022-01238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Depletion of B cells is shown to be clinically effective for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. Although B-cell depletion therapy with rituximab is indicated for RA patients who have failed to other disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), primary cost-effectiveness evidence is inconsistent. We aimed to provide synthesised cost-effectiveness evidence of rituximab in the treatment of RA compared to other DMARDs, since the published cost-effectiveness evidence is mixed. METHODS We identified economic evaluation studies reporting cost-utility of rituximab compared to other DMARDs by searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Tufts Cost-Effective Analysis registry. Using random-effects meta-analysis, we pooled incremental net benefit (INB) in (purchasing power parity) adjusted US$ with 95% confidence intervals. We used the modified economic evaluations bias checklist and Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) instrument for quality appraisal. The study protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO, CRD 42021222541. RESULTS Of the selected 18 studies, the majority were from high-income countries (n = 14) followed by upper middle-income countries (n = 3) and lower middle-income countries (n = 1), with minimal risk of bias. Rituximab is significantly cost effective with a pooled INB (95% CI) of $8767 (720 to 16,814). On subgroup analysis, rituximab is significantly cost effective from a health system perspective [$12,832 (3392 to 22,272)], for studies using 3.5% discount rate [$15,468 (5973 to 24,963)] and a for a time horizon of less than 5 years [$8496 (1547 to 15,445)]. In a separate analysis, rituximab as third-line therapy (for conventional synthetic DMARDs followed by any other biologic DMARD failed patients) was not cost effective compared to DMARDs [$5314 (-2278 to 12,905)]. Further, the GRADE assessment indicated very-low confidence in the pooled results. CONCLUSION Rituximab is cost effective compared to other DMARDs but not if used as third-line therapy after failure of biologics. There is a need to generate context-specific evidence for the lower income settings.
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Popescu D, Rezus E, Badescu MC, Dima N, Seritean Isac PN, Dragoi IT, Rezus C. Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Accelerated Atherosclerosis, New Biomarkers, and the Effects of Biological Therapy. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020319. [PMID: 36836675 PMCID: PMC9965162 DOI: 10.3390/life13020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), one of the most common of the chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases (CIADs), is recognized as an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Traditional risk factors such as smoking, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and obesity are frequently found in RA. Given the increased risk of mortality and morbidity associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in RA patients, screening for risk factors is important. Moreover, there is a need to identify potential predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that markers such as serum homocysteine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, or carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) are correlated with cardiovascular risk. Although RA presents a cardiovascular risk comparable to that of diabetes, it is not managed as well in terms of acute cardiovascular events. The introduction of biological therapy has opened new perspectives in the understanding of this pathology, confirming the involvement and importance of the inflammatory markers, cytokines, and the immune system. In addition to effects in inducing remission and slowing disease progression, most biologics have demonstrated efficacy in reducing the risk of major cardiovascular events. Some studies have also been conducted in patients without RA, with similar results. However, early detection of atherosclerosis and the use of targeted therapies are the cornerstone for reducing cardiovascular risk in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Popescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Rezus
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Rheumatology Clinic, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Minerva Codruta Badescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Nicoleta Dima
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Petronela Nicoleta Seritean Isac
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioan-Teodor Dragoi
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Rheumatology Clinic, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ciprian Rezus
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
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Tachkov K, Boyadzhieva V, Manev I, Stoilov N, Mitkova Z, Mitov K, Petrova G. Cost of arthropathic diseases therapy with biologicals disease modifying drugs (bDMARs): a 5-year cost analysis at national level. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2131468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Tachkov
- Department of Organisation and Economy of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vladimira Boyadzhieva
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Rheumatology Clinic, University Hospital St. Ivan Rilski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Manev
- Department of Organisation and Economy of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Stoilov
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Rheumatology Clinic, University Hospital St. Ivan Rilski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zornitsa Mitkova
- Department of Organisation and Economy of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Konstantin Mitov
- Department of Organisation and Economy of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Guenka Petrova
- Department of Organisation and Economy of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Boyadzhieva V, Tachkov K, Stoilov N, Mitov K, Stoilov R, Petrova G. Quality of life and disease activity of patients with rheumatoid arthritis on tofacitinib and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapies. Rheumatol Int 2022; 42:1775-1783. [PMID: 35759028 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-022-05163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the therapeutic results of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy with different biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and the first Janus-activated kinase (JAK) inhibitor in real-life clinical settings. This is a prospective, observational, longitudinal study at the largest rheumatology clinic in Bulgaria conducted during the period 2012-2020. One hundred seventy-four patients were followed up for a period of one year. Patients naïve to biological therapy were consecutively assigned on the available at the time bDMARDs (infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, rituximab, golimumab, cetrolizumab, tocilizumab) or tofacitinib. We evaluated the disease activity score (DAS28-CRP), Health assessment questionnaires (HAQ) and short form 36 (SF-36) were applied at the initiation of biological therapy, after 6, and 12 months of follow-up. We analyze the changes in the two major subgroups of SF36-physical (MCS) and mental health (PCS). The age and gender distribution were similar between the groups on bDMARDs and tsDMARD. All observed indicators for disease control and QoL improve after the initiation of the biological or JAK inhibitor therapy. We also analyze the effect of therapies on DAS28-CRP, HAQ, SF-36 (PCS, MCS). Dispersion analysis for the effect of therapy measured through DAS28 between 1st and 3rd measurement shows a statically significant difference in between the average effect of therapies (p = 0.005). According to the average change in DAS28 between the first and third measurement the most effective is the golimumab (Median difference = 2.745), followed by rituximab (median = 2.305) and etanercept (median = 2.070). According to the average change in HAQ between first and third the most effective is tofacitinib (median 0.563), followed rituximab and infliximab (median 0.500 for both). Less effective in term of HAQ changes between the first and third measurement appears to be etanercept (median difference 0.250). All differences are statistically significant (p < 0.05). Regarding the changes in the QoL measured with SF-36 MCS and PCS there is no statistically significant differences in the average effect of different therapeutic agents. Tofacitinib is non-inferior in comparison to bDMARDs and improve both-disease activity and QoL in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimira Boyadzhieva
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University of Sofia, 13 Urvich str, 1612, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | | | - Nikolay Stoilov
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University of Sofia, 13 Urvich str, 1612, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Konstantin Mitov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumen Stoilov
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University of Sofia, 13 Urvich str, 1612, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Guenka Petrova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Küçükdeveci AA, Elhan AH, Erdoğan BD, Kutlay Ş, Gökmen D, Ateş C, Yüksel S, Lundgren-Nilsson A, Escorpizo R, Stucki G, Tennant A, Conaghan PG. Use and detailed metric properties of patient-reported outcome measures for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review covering two decades. RMD Open 2021; 7:rmdopen-2021-001707. [PMID: 34376556 PMCID: PMC8356163 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The importance of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) clinical studies has been recognised for many years. The current study aims to describe the RA PROMs used over the past 20 years, and their performance metrics, to underpin appropriate tool selection. Methods The study included a systematic search for PROMs that have been in use over the period 2000–2019, with detailed documentation of their psychometric properties, and a user-friendly presentation of the extensive evidence base. Results 125 PROMs were identified with psychometric evidence available. The domains of pain, fatigue, emotional functions, mobility, physical functioning and work dominated, with self-efficacy and coping as personal factors. Domains such as stiffness and sleep were poorly served. The most frequently used PROMs included the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ), the Short Form 36 (SF-36), the EuroQoL and the Modified HAQ which, between them, appeared in more than 3500 papers. Strong psychometric evidence was found for the HAQ, and the SF-36 Physical Functioning and Vitality (fatigue) domains. Otherwise, all domains except stiffness, sleep, education and health utility, had at least one PROM with moderate level of psychometric evidence. Conclusion There is a broad range of PROMs for measuring RA outcomes, but the quality of psychometric evidence varies widely. This work identifies gaps in key RA domains according to the biopsychosocial model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe A Küçükdeveci
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atilla H Elhan
- Department of Biostatistics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Beyza D Erdoğan
- Department of Biostatistics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şehim Kutlay
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Gökmen
- Department of Biostatistics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Ateş
- Department of Biostatistics, Aksaray University, School of Medicine, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Selcen Yüksel
- Department of Biostatistics, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asa Lundgren-Nilsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Reuben Escorpizo
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Gerold Stucki
- Department of Health Sciences and Health Policy, University of Lucerne, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Alan Tennant
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - Philip G Conaghan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
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Lam SW, Amoline K, Marcum C, Leonard M. Healthcare system conversion to a biosimilar: Trials and tribulations. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2021; 78:2159-2163. [PMID: 34259801 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxab279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DISCLAIMER In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. PURPOSE While biologic medications have transformed the care and management of millions of patients, they are a large financial strain on the healthcare system. Biosimilar medications present a great opportunity to improve care affordability. However, despite streamlined approval processes and the potential for cost savings, the acceptance and adaptation of biosimilars have been slow. This descriptive report illustrates the preparation for, challenges, and execution of an enterprise-wide biosimilar conversion within a large healthcare system. The 3 phases of biosimilar conversion utilized at our institution included selection of a biosimilar, pharmacy and therapeutics (P&T) committee approval, and implementation. SUMMARY When selecting a biosimilar, clinical data, medication safety, cost, institutional cost savings, payer coverage, patient assistance programs, and additional patient services should be taken into consideration to ensure patient care is not affected. Understanding and endorsement of biosimilar use by physician leadership, care managers, and pharmacists are crucial before implementation. P&T committee approval with clear delineation of the patient population (naive vs experienced), disease states, and whether the biosimilar would be the preferred medication should be obtained. Transparent communication of clear expectations to patients and coordination with the information technology (IT), contracting, and supply chain departments are necessary before the go-live date. Contracting and IT implementations should ideally take potential changes in biosimilar adaptation into consideration and have enough flexibility to account for these changes. Planned evaluations of patients' experiences with the change to the biosimilar should be incorporated as part of the implementation plan. CONCLUSION The barriers to biosimilar adaptation are plentiful. Careful planning, clear communication, and coordination with all affected disciplines can ensure successful biosimilar conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon W Lam
- Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kevin Amoline
- Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Mandy Leonard
- Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Honne K, Bando M, Mieno MN, Iwamoto M, Minota S. Bronchiectasis is as crucial as interstitial lung disease in the severe pneumonia that occurs during treatment with biologic DMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective cohort study in a single facility. Rheumatol Int 2021; 42:1341-1346. [PMID: 34251498 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-04934-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) carries a risk for severe pneumonia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Bronchiectasis, another risk of severe pneumonia, has not been well elucidated in RA. We investigated the types of respiratory diseases in RA and correlated them to severe pneumonia during the course of treatment using biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs), with special attention to bronchiectasis and ILD. RA patients were examined by computed tomography before starting bDMARDs and divided into three groups: normal, bronchiectasis and ILD. The log-rank test and Dunnett's multiple comparisons test were employed for the statistical analysis. Among 424 patients, 350 were categorized as normal, 32 as having bronchiectasis, and 42 as having ILD. Two in the normal group, three in the bronchiectasis group and four in the ILD group developed severe pneumonia. The log-rank test showed a significant difference among the three groups (p < 0.0001). The pneumonia-free rates in the bronchiectasis and ILD groups were significantly lower than the normal group, respectively, with Dunnett's multiple comparison test (p < 0.0001). This study suggests that the bronchiectasis that occurs in RA carries a risk of severe pneumonia during treatment with bDMARDs that is comparable to ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Honne
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Masashi Bando
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Makiko Naka Mieno
- Center for Information, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Seiji Minota
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
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13
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Is There a Symmetry in Disease Control and Quality of Life of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with Biological Therapy? Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze and compare the disease activity control and quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were treated with biological products in real-life settings. We tried to determine whether there is a symmetry in the performance of the biological molecules between each other and with the first Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. This is an observational, longitudinal, real-life study performed in the biggest rheumatology clinic during the period 2012–2020 comparing quality of life, cost of therapy, and disease control via different clinical measures. In all three disease activities measurement instruments, we observed an improvement for all biologic and target synthetic medicines. The disease activity score (DAS28) score decreased from 5.06 to 3.01, on average, for all INNs, suggesting that the majority of patients move away from moderate to low disease activity. The clinical disease activity index (CDAI) score decreased from 25.9 to 9.4, also indicating that patients with moderate disease activity reached a low level of activity. Similar results are reflected in the score, which fell from 27.7 to 10.3, again confirming the improvement to a low level of disease activity for patients treated with all INNs. Logically, with the successful control of disease activity, the quality of life (QoL) of the observed patients improved from 0.77 to 0.83 after a one-year follow up, as measured with the EuroQuol 5D-3L (EQ5D). Based on these results, we can consider that the observed biological INNs perform symmetrically in terms of the control of disease activity and improvement in the QoL of the observed patients. Biological therapy improves the disease control and quality of life of suitable patients with RA in real-life settings. All available biological therapies could be used interchangeably.
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14
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Zhao M, Yang M, Li X, Hou L, Liu X, Xiao W. Acid Sphingomyelinase and Acid β-Glucosidase 1 Exert Opposite Effects on Interleukin-1β-Induced Interleukin 6 Production in Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. Inflammation 2021; 44:1592-1606. [PMID: 33665756 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) and acid β-glucosidase 1 (GBA1) catalyze ceramide formation through different routes, and both are involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis as well as IL-6 production. However, whether ASM and GBA1 regulate IL-6 production in RA remains unknown. Serum ASM, GBA1, and ceramide levels were measured in RA patients and healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and their correlations with clinical indicators of patients were evaluated. Pharmacologic inhibitors or small hairpin RNAs of ASM and GBA1 were employed to explore the roles of ASM and GBA1 in IL-6 production, cell behavior, and MAPK signaling in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from RA patients (RAFLS). ASM, GBA1, and ceramide serum levels were significantly elevated in patients with RA. GBA1 and ceramide serum levels were negatively and positively correlated with IL-6 serum level in RA patients, respectively. ASM inhibitor or knockdown of ASM abolished IL-1β-induced IL-6 expression and secretion. Functionally, ASM inhibitor suppressed IL-1β-induced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in RAFLS. Mechanistically, ASM inhibitor or knockdown of ASM effectively countered IL-1β-induced activation of p38 MAPK signaling. The pharmacologic inhibitor or knockdown of GBA1 exhibited the opposite effects. Importantly, p38 inhibitor blocked IL-1β-induced IL-6 production in RAFLS. ASM plays a pathogenic role in RA, whereas GBA1 plays a protective role in RA possibly by regulating IL-6 production in RAFLS at least partially via p38 signaling, serving as potential therapeutic targets in RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Maowei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Linxin Hou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Weiguo Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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15
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Dos Santos JBR, da Silva MRR, Kakehasi AM, Acurcio FA, Almeida AM, Alves de Oliveira Junior H, Pimenta PRK, Alvares-Teodoro J. FIRST LINE OF SUBCUTANEOUS ANTI-TNF THERAPY FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 16:1217-1225. [PMID: 33203248 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1850271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate and compare the use of subcutaneous anti-TNF for RA in a Brazilian real-life setting. Methods: A prospective cohort of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD)-naïve patients treated with adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, and certolizumab was developed. Medication persistence, disease activity by the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), functionality by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), quality of life by the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), and safety were evaluated at 6 and 12 months. Results: In a total of 327 individuals, 211 (64.5%) were persistent at 12 months. Patients improved after the use of anti-TNF, with a reduction in the mean of CDAI and HAQ, in addition to an increase in the mean of EQ-5D (p < 0.05). The number of patients who achieved the clinical response was 114 (34.86%) by CDAI, 212 (64.83%) by HAQ, and 215 (65.75%) by EQ-5D at 12 months. There were no statistically significant differences among the drugs (p > 0.05). The anti-TNF was well tolerated. Conclusion: Anti-TNF reduced disease activity, in addition to improving patients' functionality and quality of life. Additional pharmacotherapeutic monitoring can be essential to achieve better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Barreto Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Health Assessment, Technology, and Economy Group, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo , Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Social Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais , President Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Michael Ruberson Ribeiro da Silva
- Health Assessment, Technology, and Economy Group, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo , Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Social Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais , President Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Franciscode Assis Acurcio
- Department of Social Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais , President Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Medicine School, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Maciel Almeida
- Department of Social Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais , President Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | | | - Pedro Ricardo Kömel Pimenta
- Department of Social Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais , President Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Alvares-Teodoro
- Department of Social Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais , President Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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16
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Dos Santos JBR, da Silva MRR, Almeida AM, Acurcio FDA, Alvares-Teodoro J. Cost-utility analysis of the anti-TNF therapy for rheumatoid arthritis in a real-world based model. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2020; 21:1011-1016. [DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2021.1840980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Barreto Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Health Assessment, Technology, and Economy Group, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Department of Social Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Michael Ruberson Ribeiro da Silva
- Health Assessment, Technology, and Economy Group, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Department of Social Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Maciel Almeida
- Department of Social Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Francisco De Assis Acurcio
- Department of Social Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Alvares-Teodoro
- Department of Social Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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17
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Alten R, Markland C, Boyce M, Kawakami K, Muniz R, Genovese MC. Immunogenicity of an adalimumab biosimilar, FKB327, and its reference product in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2020; 23:1514-1525. [PMID: 32852139 PMCID: PMC7754138 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim This study, FKB327‐003, is a phase 3, open‐label extension (OLE) study comparing the long‐term immunogenicity of an adalimumab biosimilar, FKB327 (F), with the reference product (RP). Methods In the OLE, patients completing 24 weeks of an initial randomized, double‐blind (DB) study (Period 1) with clinical response and no safety concerns were rerandomized to F or RP, so that two‐thirds of patients remained on the same treatment and one‐third switched to the alternate treatment for weeks 24 through 54 (OLE weeks 0‐30; Period 2), then all received F through week 100 (OLE week 76; Period 3). Treatment sequences were F‐F‐F (no switch), RP‐F‐F and RP‐RP‐F (single switch), and F‐RP‐F (double switch). Patients who entered the OLE study were evaluated for immunogenicity across switching sequences. Results The proportion of patients with positive antidrug antibody (ADA) status at the end of Period 1 was 61.7% and 60.0% for F and RP, respectively. The proportion of patients with positive ADA status did not increase throughout Period 1, and was similar for F and RP at all time points. At the end of Period 3, the proportion of patients with positive ADA status was lower in all treatment sequences, at 51.1%, 54.4%, 48.1%, and 42.5% for F‐F‐F, F‐RP‐F, RP‐F‐F, and RP‐RP‐F, respectively. Conclusion The RP and F showed comparable immunogenicity characteristics after long‐term administration. Development of ADAs with the RP and F was similar, and was not impacted by switching and double switching between F and RP treatment.
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18
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Milushewa P, Doneva M, Petrova G. Availability and reimbursement of biological products for severe asthma in Bulgaria. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120951067. [PMID: 32922787 PMCID: PMC7446259 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120951067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to analyze the reimbursement and cost of biological therapy for severe asthma in Bulgaria during 2014-2019 from the perspective of the National Health Insurance Fund. Methods It is a retrospective, Marco-costing, top-down study of the expenditures for biological products for severe asthma. The changes in the cost paid by the National Health Insurance Fund per year, per product, and per patient during 2015-2020 were systematized and calculated. The utilization of biologicals was analyzed by calculating the defined daily dose/1000inh/day. Three databases were searched-the European Medicines Agency for the date of marketing authorization of biological products, National Council of Prices and Reimbursement for the date of their respective inclusion in the positive drug list, and National Health Insurance Fund about the number of patients with asthma, reimbursed sum for all asthma patients, and number of packages sold of biological products. Results At the end of 2019, five international non-proprietary names of biologicals with indication for severe asthma had received European marketing authorization, and three of them were included in the Bulgarian positive drug list-omalizumab, mepolizumab, and benralizumab with a 75% reimbursement. Upon their introduction into the positive drug list, the reimbursed expenditures for asthma therapy started to increase from 27 million in 2014 to 33 million BGN in 2019 (€13.5-€16.5 million). The cost of therapy with biologicals rose from 16% to 24% of all anti-asthmatic medicines budget. The National Health Insurance Fund database reported that between 47,000 and 52,000 of patients with asthma, 466 are on biological therapy. The yearly cost of one asthma patient ranges between 512 and 615 BGN (€258-€307), and the yearly per-patient cost of severe asthma is 16,666 BGN (appr. €8333). Total utilization in defined daily dose/1000inh/day increases from 0.0199 to 0.0383 from 2015 to 2019. Conclusion The access to biological therapy through the reimbursement system has improved during the last 3 years. The cost of therapy is posing a high burden on the National Health Insurance Fund and on the patients and is expected to increase due to the small number of patients on biological therapy currently in comparison to all reimbursed asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petya Milushewa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miglena Doneva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Guenka Petrova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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19
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Sussman M, Tao C, Patel P, Tundia N, Clewell J, Menzin J. Cost-utility analyses of targeted immunomodulators in rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review. J Med Econ 2020; 23:610-623. [PMID: 31971039 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2020.1720219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Cost-utility (CU) modeling is a common technique used to determine whether new treatments represent good value for money. As with any modeling exercise, findings are a direct result of methodology choices, which may vary widely. Several targeted immuno-modulators have been launched in recent years to treat moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) which have been evaluated using CU methods. Our objectives were to identify common and innovative modeling choices in moderate-to-severe RA and to highlight their implications for future models in RA.Materials and methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify CU models in moderate-to-severe RA published from January 2013 to June 2019. Studies must have included an active comparator and used quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) as the common measure of effectiveness. Modeling methods were characterized by stakeholder perspective, simulation type, mapping between parameters, and data sources.Results: Thirty-one published modeling studies were reviewed spanning 13 countries and 9 drugs, with common methodological choices and innovations observed among them. Over the evaluated time period, we observed common methods and assumptions that are becoming more prominent in the RA CU modeling landscape, including patient-level simulations, two-stage models combining trial results and real-world evidence, real-world treatment durations, long-term health consequences, and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ)-related hospitalization costs. Models that consider the societal perspective are increasingly being developed as well.Limitations: This review did not consider studies that did not report QALYs as a utility measure, models published only as conference abstracts, or cost-consequence models that did not report an incremental CU ratio.Conclusions: CU modeling for RA increasingly reflects real-world conditions and patient experiences which are anticipated to provide better information in the assessment of health technologies. Future CU models in RA should consider applying the observed advances in modeling choices to optimize their CU predictions and simulation of real-world outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Sussman
- Modeling and Evidence, Boston Health Economics, LLC, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Tao
- Modeling and Evidence, Boston Health Economics, LLC, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pankaj Patel
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Namita Tundia
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jerry Clewell
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Menzin
- Modeling and Evidence, Boston Health Economics, LLC, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Mezones-Holguin E, Gamboa-Cardenas RV, Sanchez-Felix G, Chávez-Corrales J, Helguero-Santin LM, Laban Seminario LM, Burela-Prado PA, Castro-Reyes MM, Fiestas F. Efficacy and Safety in the Continued Treatment With a Biosimilar Drug in Patients Receiving Infliximab: A Systematic Review in the Context of Decision-Making From a Latin-American Country. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1010. [PMID: 31798442 PMCID: PMC6874174 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Biological products, including infliximab (INF), are a therapeutic option for various medical conditions. In the Peruvian Social Security (EsSalud), infliximab is approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthropathy, ankylosing spondylitis, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease (in cases refractory to conventional treatment). Biosimilars are a safe and effective alternative approved for these diseases in patients who start treatment with infliximab. Nevertheless, there are people in treatment with the biological reference product (BRP), in whom the continuing therapy with a biosimilar biological product (BBP) must be evaluated. Objectives: To synthesize the best available evidence, calculate a preliminary financial impact and conduct technical discussions about the interchangeability into biosimilar in patients receiving treatment with original infliximab for medical conditions approved in EsSalud. Methodology: We carried out a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. Primary search was performed in Pubmed- MEDLINE, SCOPUS, WOS, EMBASE, TRIPDATABASE, DARE, Cochrane Library, NICE, AHRQ, SMC, McMaster-PLUS, CADTH, and HSE until June-2018. We used the Cochrane Collaboration tool to assess the risk of bias. Also, we implemented a preliminary financial analysis about the impact of biosimilar introduction on institutional purchasing budget. Moreover, technical meetings with medical doctors specialized in rheumatology, gastroenterology and dermatology were held for discussing findings. Results: In primary search, 1136 records were identified, and 357 duplicates were removed. From 799 records, we excluded 765 after title and abstract evaluation. From 14 full-text appraised documents, we included five clinical trials in the risk of bias assessment: four studies evaluated CTP-13 and one tested SB2. Two double-blind clinical trials reported no differences in efficacy and safety profiles between maintenance group (INF/INF) and interchangeability group in all diseases included (INF/CTP-13) and rheumatoid arthritis (CTP13 and SB2). In the other three studies, open-label extension of primary clinical trials, no differences were founded in efficacy and safety profiles between CTP-13/CTP-13 and INF/CTP-13 groups. In financial analysis, the inclusion of biosimilars implied savings around S/7´642,780.00 (1USD=S/3.30) on purchasing budget of EsSalud. In technical meetings, beyond certain concerns, specialists agreed with the findings. Conclusions: Evidence from clinical trials support that there are no differences in efficacy or safety of continuing the treatment with Infliximab BRP or exchanging into its biosimilar in patients with medical conditions approved in EsSalud. Financial analysis shows that the biosimilar introduction produce savings in purchasing institutional budget. Therefore, based on cost-opportunity principle, exchanging into biosimilar in patients receiving the original Infliximab, is a valid therapeutic alternative in the Peruvian Social Security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Mezones-Holguin
- Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (USIL), Centro de Excelencia en Estudios Económicos y Sociales en Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Rocio Violeta Gamboa-Cardenas
- Seguro Social en Salud (EsSalud), Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Servicio de Reumatologia, Lima, Peru
| | - Gadwyn Sanchez-Felix
- Seguro Social en Salud (EsSalud), Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Servicio de Dermatología, Lima, Peru
| | - José Chávez-Corrales
- Seguro Social en Salud (EsSalud), Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Servicio de Reumatologia, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis Miguel Helguero-Santin
- Universidad Nacional de Piura (UNP), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina (SOCIEMUNP), Piura, Peru
| | - Luis Max Laban Seminario
- Universidad Nacional de Piura (UNP), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina (SOCIEMUNP), Piura, Peru
| | - Paula Alejandra Burela-Prado
- Seguro Social en Salud (EsSalud), Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias e Investigación (IETSI), Lima, Peru
| | - Maribel Marilu Castro-Reyes
- Seguro Social en Salud (EsSalud), Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias e Investigación (IETSI), Lima, Peru
| | - Fabian Fiestas
- Seguro Social en Salud (EsSalud), Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias e Investigación (IETSI), Lima, Peru
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